35 100 4936 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/015dea079c2bff50258a4f23ba24650c.pdf 7165340f0c29989db1de005b3c42e3ae Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Creative Sanford, Inc. Collection Alternative Title Creative Sanford Collection Subject Seminole County (Fla.) Folk plays Sanford (Fla.) Description Creative Sanford, Inc. is a non-profit organization created to manage Celery Soup: Florida's Folk Life Play community theater productions. The original idea for the Celery Soup project came from Jeanine Taylor, the owner of a folk-art gallery on First Street in Sanford, Florida. Their first production was Touch and Go, a play focusing on the people of Sanford and their determination to overcome various obstacles, including the Freeze of 1894-1895, the fall of Sanford's celery industry, and the closing of Naval Air Station (NAS) Sanford in the 1960s. In the process of producing the show, Creative Sanford decided to rehabilitate an historic building, the Princess Theater, which is located on 115 West First Street and owned by Stephen Tibstra. The Creative Sanford offices are housed in the Historic Sanford Welcome Center, located at 203 East First Street. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/16" target="_blank">Sanford Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/44" target="_blank">Seminole County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Historic Sanford Welcome Center, Downtown Sanford, Florida Princess Theater, Downtown Sanford, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="http://www.celerysoupsanford.com//about" target="_blank">WHO IS CREATIVE SANFORD, INC?</a>" Celery Soup. http://www.celerysoupsanford.com//about. "<a href="http://www.celerysoupsanford.com/about/" target="_blank">About: History and Purpose</a>." Celery Soup. http://www.celerysoupsanford.com/about/. "<a href="http://www.communityperformanceinternational.org/sanford-florida" target="_blank">Sanford, Florida: How do you make Celery Soup? Add stories, then stir</a>." Community Performance International. http://www.communityperformanceinternational.org/sanford-florida. Contributor <a href="http://www.celerysoupsanford.com/" target="_blank">Creative Sanford, Inc.</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer Thompson, Trish Interviewee Bridges, Elizabeth Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Oral History of Elizabeth Bridges Alternative Title Oral History, Bridges Subject Sanford, (Fla.) Energy--United States Description An oral history of Elizabeth Bridges. Bridges discusses what life was like in Singapore as a child in the 1960s. She also talks about how she met her first husband, Victor Green. Green worked on an oil rig in the Pacific Ocean for HuffCo. Bridges tells what it was like for her husband to work for that company. She had to learn how to cook Southern food and adapt to life in America. Her first husband died of lung cancer in 1991. She then met her second husband, Jack Bridges, and married him in 1998. After her husband overcame his alcohol addiction, he ran for city commissioner in 2005. He brought many positive changes to the city and was a well-known and successful attorney. Type Text Source Bridges, Elizabeth. Interviewed by Trish Thompson. 2010. Audio record available. <a href="http://www.celerysoupsanford.com//about" target="_blank">Creative Sanford, Inc.</a>, Sanford Florida. Requires <a href="https://get.adobe.com/reader/" target="_blank">Adobe Acrobat Reader</a> Is Part Of <a href="http://www.celerysoupsanford.com//about" target="_blank">Creative Sanford, Inc.</a>, Sanford Florida. <a href="http://www.celerysoupsanford.com//about" target="_blank">Creative Sanford, Inc. Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Transcript of original oral history: Bridges, Elizabeth. Interviewed by Trish Thompson. 2010. Audio record available. <a href="http://www.celerysoupsanford.com//about" target="_blank">Creative Sanford, Inc.</a>, Sanford Florida. Coverage Singapore Indonesia Sanford, Florida Ritz Theatre, Sanford, Florida Creator Bridges, Elizabeth Thompson, Trish Date Created 2010 Format application/pdf Extent 208 KB Medium 23-page digital transcript Language eng Mediator History Teacher Civics/Government Teacher Provenance Originally created by Trish Thompson and Elizabeth Bridges, and transcribed by Freddie Román-Toro. Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by <a href="http://www.celerysoupsanford.com//about" target="_blank">Creative Sanford, Inc.</a> and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Contributing Project <a href="http://www.celerysoupsanford.com//about" target="_blank">Creative Sanford, Inc.</a> <a href="http://www.celerysoupsanford.com/" target="_blank">Celery Soup</a> Curator Román-Toro, Freddie Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository <a href="http://www.celerysoupsanford.com//about" target="_blank">Creative Sanford, Inc.</a> External Reference Symposium on the Development of Petroleum Resources of Asia and the Far East, United Nations, ECAFE Petroleum Symposium, and Symposium on the Development of Petroleum Resources of Asia and the Far East. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/246028555" target="_blank">Case Histories of Oil and Gas Fields in Asia and the Far East: (Third Series)</a>. New York, NY: United Nations, 1971. Yancy, George, and Janine Jones. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/810119075" target="_blank">Pursuing Trayvon Martin: Historical Contexts and Contemporary Manifestations of Racial Dynamics</a>. Lanham: Lexington Boos, 2013. Transcript Thompson Tell me a little bit about how you and Jack [J. Bridges] met. Bridges Jack was a former attorney for my first husband, Victor Green. They don’t call him Victor Green. He goes by his middle name “Mapes.” Mapes and I were his clients. Thompson Is that his mother’s maiden name or something like that? That’s an unusual name. Bridges Yes, because they didn’t want to call him Victor or Junior, so they called him by his middle name. He’s known here in Sanford. Everybody knows Mapes, but he was another generation. so the Greens and the Bridges were here in Sanford and they didn’t live too far from one another—3 Grandview Boulevard,<a title="">[1]</a> which is the former airport. So Alfred Green worked on the railroad with Jack’s daddy, and I think Alfred Green was the supervisor. He was higher in rank than Alfred. We have always seen Jack as our attorney. [laughs] When my husband passed away in [19]91, we were all living in the same neighborhood, and Jack was divorcing in ’91 too. I think he and Beth [Bridges] separated when they were [inaudible] April, and they got divorced in ’91. My husband died in December of ’91. A year later, Jack and I met, and he was patrolling the neighborhood, but he has a very commanding voice. I had always heard that he was a very good trial lawyer, and he would speak to me with that tone. I would have to remind him that I’m not his client and that we’re not in a courtroom—to tone his voice down. Thompson Well, Jack was a fabulous attorney. I always heard it. I was never a client of his, but if anybody was ever going to be in a trial with him, they were scared. Bridges I think it was because of his practice with Mac [Cleveland]. They gave him all of the cases that came along, so he wasn’t afraid to get his hands dirty, so he tried them all. Thompson Okay, so Mac Cleveland wasn’t a trial lawyer? Did he do more estate work? Bridges I don’t know anything about what he did, but I know Jack was a junior attorney at that time, and Mac would let him do a lot. I think that in ’91, they split up the firm. Mac wasn’t practicing that much and Jack was doing a lot of cases ,so he told him he’d like to split it, so that’s why the name of the office used to be, “The Law Office of Jack J. Bridges.” Jack didn’t do too well either. He was on his own with… Thompson Oh, a little bit of drinking. Bridges But later when he quit that, his business picked up. Thompson I didn’t realize that his business went down because of his drinking. Bridges Yeah, it was bad. When his business picked up, even the lawyers would call him so he would represent them. He would do it. Thompson And then he was city commissioner. Bridges Originally, he wanted [inaudible] to run city commissioner and all this is new, because he had two positions before. So he told Jay [Bridges], “You should take this.” He wasn’t too sure if people would accept him. I’ve heard other people ask Jack, “Why didn’t you become a politician?” Jack says he couldn’t have, because people could not accept him, because of what he was. Thompson Did he not have confidence? Bridges I think his past—it took him a little while before—we got married in ’98, and he ran for city commissioner in 2005, so it took him a couple of years. He wanted to get established and let people know he really meant what he said. Thompson I remember that Mayor [Linda] Kuhn just loved him to death and everything he said was golden. Bridges Well, he knew—he knows his business and he always looked ahead for the city. Remember the parades every Christmas? They always had parades, but Christmas was the only time that families would join in and throw candy. After I went to one of the parades, he told me to quit giving out candy. and it was because of me that they had to quit giving out candies. Jack was sitting on my right and I was on his left, and when I throw candy it’s kind of hard for me to throw this way, because I’m right-handed. So since he was in my way, some of the candy fell and he was very afraid for the kids. He told the mayor that they couldn’t allow it any longer, because they would sue the city if any kids came by. Thompson So he was always looking out. You did a really good thing. Bridges No, I was embarrassed. I thought, It was just because of me. I felt bad. Then they had that “splash pad.” Do you remember that they had that “splash pad” when they built that? Everything went well. They had it built and all, and Jack thought about it and says, “Have you ever thought about the lightning that comes with this Florida weather? We have no insurance and if the kids get hurt…” So they had to look into that and I think they got insurance, but then they made sure to close the splash park. when the rain was coming. Thompson I know they do that at [Walt] Disney [World] at one of their wave parks. Because I remember being there one day, and they said we had to leave. And we thought it was weird, because it was sunny out, but they said, “No. we have radar and there’s a storm six miles away.” Everybody had to leave. and it was the worst storm in the world when it came. Bridges This was just a splash pad, but if lighting comes—so he warned the city. When he sat on the Board, he and Nicky always wanted to move Sanford forward and not backward. Sometimes I can see that he gets very frustrated. They move forward one step and move back two steps. He says he doesn’t enjoy that part. Thompson Does he have any stories about his famous cases or when he was a kid? Bridges No, he doesn’t share the cases that he tried, because of client-attorney privilege. They’re confidential, so he can’t share. Thompson Well, I’m thinking more of personal stories that he might have shared with you of growing up. Anything about his parents or about how Sanford was when he was growing up? Bridges I can’t think of too much right now, but he was raised very poor. He said he was very quiet when he learned in school. He always made better grades and the teacher would compare his grades to his brother’s, and his brother didn’t like that. His teacher expected his brother to make grades as good as Jack’s. Jack was always quiet in school and I think it was because of his background. and I told him that there’s nothing wrong about being raised poor. A lot of the rich people were poor when they were growing up. I say, “At least you’re humble and honest.” Thompson Well, tell me stories about you when you were a little girl. Bridges Let me finish one part of Jay and Jack working on the Ritz Theatre. He was the usher, and then he became a chief usher. And when he’s home, he can watch movies over and over again and I have seen those movies so many times. Thompson He can watch the same movie over and over? Bridges That doesn’t bother him. He’ll watch different movies. If it comes on, it doesn’t bother him. He’ll watch it. Thompson Probably because he was an usher at the theatre and he watched the same show over and over again [laughs]. Bridges Then he’d pick up little words from the movie. He’d say, “Buzz off.” Don’t you remember they’d say that in that part of the movie? I couldn’t remember what show it was and say, “Okay.” [laughs]. Thompson So he would quote movies to you? [laughs]. Bridges I’m not Americanized. We weren’t raised with televisions, you know? We don’t have American movies. We’ll watch every now and then, but we don’t have that. I don’t understand the humor and all of those things, because I was raised in Singapore. They taught us the King’s English. When we were at home, we spoke Hainanese. It’s one of the dialects. They’re so many—Cantonese, Hakin, Taichu, etc. If they write in Chinese, I can read it and tell you what they’re saying, but… Thompson So the written word is the same, but the dialects are all different? Bridges When I went to school, we would have to learn English, so we wouldn’t speak English at home. Only in school. We have Indian neighbors now that are Muslims. We don’t understand what they speak at home, but if you speak English, we could all communicate. We also had to learn Mandarin as a language, just like you do Spanish here. In my later years, when my brother went to school, half the subjects were taught in English and the other half were taught in Mandarin. They wanted everybody to be bilingual. Thompson So Mandarin was the official language there? Bridges It was the official language for all Chinese people. Thompson When you were in school and you learned the King’s English, did you have an English professor from England that taught you? Bridges No, they were all local, but they went to English schools. We<a title="">[2]</a> got our independence in ’57. That was the year I was born, so when I went to school in the ‘60s, we were all taught by English teachers. Thompson Then you came to the United States? Bridges Yes, I married my first husband, and I met him as he was working in an oil field in Indonesia. When he had his break, he came to Singapore. My friend introduced me to him. That was Mr. Green. Thompson Oh, so he worked in the oil fields? See, I thought he was agricultural. I don’t know why. Bridges He was in charge of all the heavy equipment—the ship, the boats, the crane, the fleets, etc. He was the supervisor and the Indonesians loved him and did the work. Thompson What did he do when he came back home? Bridges When oil prices went bad in the ‘80s, it was much cheaper for them to hire the English and the Australians than to hire the Americans, so they didn’t want to renew the work permit, so they sent us home. When they hire the Americans over there, they give us vacation time one week every six months. Another six months later, and we have 35 days to come to the states, and they pay for it. Other families that have kids in elementary school—they have their own schools over there. They bring the teachers over there. But when they go to high school. they have to send them to Singapore. If they want to come to college, they come stateside. Then the mother gets to come here twice a year, and the kids fly over there three times a year. All of this is paid for by the company. They pay for the schooling too. They provide housing, cars, gasoline. The house is furnished, etc. Thompson Which company was that? Bridges Roy M. Huffington, Inc. was the company. Have you heard of The Huffington Post? It was from Houston, Texas. Thompson Oh my goodness. Bridges Yes, they were big companies. Thompson Boy, they sound like they were wonderful to their employees. Bridges We didn’t have to pay for the house. We didn’t have to pay for the utilities. If a light bulb needed to be fixed, you would just get on the phone and call them and they’d come and fix the light bulb. The pay was about $65,000 tax-free. That was the incentive. The only thing you have to pay is food and clothes. My husband would tell me, “Enjoy.” I didn’t understand, because we didn’t have a home here, but then we came back and I saw what he was talking about. We had our own bowling alley and our own swimming pool. We had our own commissary too. We could buy our own food. Every other month, a shipment would come in off the coast of Texas. Thompson Now, did he have to go out on oil rigs? Could he come home at night? Bridges No, it was close to home. That was the second job. On the first job, he had to go away. On Monday morning, a bus would come and then they’d fly them over on a helicopter. On Friday evening, they’d come into town [laughs]. Thompson The honeymoon’s every weekend [laughs]. Bridges Yes, they had to do it that way, because they figured it was cheaper. For a while, they would work two weeks and then they’d have one week off. All the families would stay in Singapore. We were civilized there, but when you moved to Indonesia, you had to stay in the jungle. Everybody has to get along with everybody, so what the women would do was, they would have cooking class. Have coffee once a month. I would go to Sears[, Roebuck & Company] and buy this sewing stuff and bring it over there. I like the felt stuff. You know how you sew on it? I don’t like the glue stuff. I like the sew-on like stockings and stuff. Some people were good at cross-stitching and needlepoint and they’d teach. That’s how we entertained one another. We had cooking classes too. Sometimes you get to know your neighbor well. She was from Houston, Texas, and she taught me how to cook American food. She’d write me a recipe and I’d go back and look at the ingredients and call her and ask, “What does half-and-half mean?” [laughs] I would ask her, “What does ‘a stick of butter mean?” That’s because our butter would come in one pound, and she said, “You have to cut it length-wise.” I’d say, “Okay.” That was a big help, because that prepared me for when I came to the states. A lot of people overseas don’t ever lock their doors. You can knock on the door and come in. The coffee pot’s on, you pour yourself a coffee, and sit down. Over here, I don’t know my neighbor. We feel so lost, but our friends are scattered all over the United States. We would get in a car and go all the way out to Texas, Louisiana, Kansas, etc. Thompson To visit all your friends who were in Indonesia with you? Bridges Then they’d come and reciprocate, because of Disney World. Thompson I bet you had a lot of company with people going to Disney World. It’s wonderful that you made such life-long friends. Bridges Even now, I still communicate. There’s this lady in Boise, Idaho. She’s a widow now. She used to do needlepoint and she’d even do weaving. She loved to lace stuff and she would crotchet. She must be up in age too. We write once a year. We send Christmas cards. Thompson Well, it almost sounds like the military. My parents were Navy and they made life-long friends with the people in their stations. When they got out of the service, they always kept in contact. Bridges I know of a lady from Texas who would babysit her neighbor’s children. When the wife went out of town, she’d take one kid, go out, and get some dental work done, and leave the other kid with her husband. Now, you know men can’t cook. so she would take the kids when they got out of school and she’d feed the husband too. They would do the same, so they were all very close. Once you get to know a few families, they’re all very close. Thompson When you came here did you find a family that you could be friends with? Bridges No, I don’t know them very well. I kind of miss that. Thompson There’s good Oriental contingency in Seminole County, I know. Not very… Bridges I don’t practice that anymore. I don’t cook the food anymore. I don’t long for the Chinese food anymore. Not like some Vietnamese that I know like [inaudible] fiancée. They always have to have their rice. They always have their Chinese food. They cannot sub, but I can, because my first husband was American and now I’m with Jack. I say, “If I don’t have bread, I’ll have potato.” [laughs]. I found out that they have their Chinese squash and everything, but the zucchini is almost the same stuff. You can use it to sub for the Chinese squash. But they have to have it exactly the same as before. Thompson Isn’t that strange that they can’t adjust? Bridges I have a friend in North Carolina and she could adjust. There’s some who can’t and they go back. They say, “America is not for me.” It’s a cultural shock. I couldn’t do that, because I made up my mind, because I married an American. I said, “I married an American. This will be my country and you have to adjust.” Thompson And you learned how to make your first Southern food. What did Mr. Green say when you made your first Southern food? Bridges He didn’t like my biscuits. He said they were too hard. [laughs] Everything we had to do was from scratch. We didn’t have the stuff that you do. It’s very convenient. Thompson Yeah, you can have it frozen. “Oh, you want biscuits? Here’s half a bag.” [laughs]. Bridges I used to make my own bread and hamburger buns. We used to invite our neighbors and ground beef meat was very expensive. They’d say, “These hamburger buns are so good.” My husband would say, “That’s because they’re homemade.” In Singapore, the bread didn’t last very long, and the flour would have weevils in it, and American women would teach me, “You take it and sift it twice.” Thompson To get the weevils out. Why were the weevils—because they’d been in storage? Bridges I think that it’s because when they shipped it, they shipped the old stuff to us. By the time it cleared customs, the humidity would get to it. We were so excited to have American stuff. We loved Cheetos in a can [laughs]. We would all grab American stuff. We would grab toilet paper, because we didn’t like the local stuff. It was stiff. It wasn’t soft, so we’d buy a whole bunch. We figured that if we left the country another family would buy us the stuff. When we knew there was a new shipment, we’d run to the coast and load up, because you don’t know when the next shipment would come in. Thompson So you were doing “bulk” before Sam’s [Club] ever showed up [laughs]. Bridges Over there we just buy a bunch of stuff. We buy our meat. We buy the whole piece—the whole pork loin. We would go to the supermarket, buy it, and tell them to freeze it. We’d tell them when we’d want it picked up, so they’d wrap it up and put it into boxes. Then they’d tie it and tape it and all, and we’d pick it up and we’d bring it to the hotel and tell them, “We want it in your freezer.” Then we’d tell them at what time we’d come to get it and our bus would come to pick us up and take us to the airport. Thompson To go from Singapore to Indonesia? Bridges The flight would last two hours and 20 minutes. Then we’d rest and catch a 45-minute flight. If you pack them well and you only open them once, you should be pretty good. Prime rib was $15 a pound. This was back in the ‘80s. Thompson Oh my gosh. Bridges We’d usually try to bring a few pieces of meat. We’d live on seafood a lot over there. When you buy fish, you have to buy the whole fish—head and all—and the fish 50 cents a kilo. Thompson A fish for 50 cents? Amazing. Bridges Usually the fish is about two to three pounds, but it was fresh. We’d also have a lot of shrimp and lobster too. Thompson I bet you know a lot of great recipes for shrimp, lobster, and fish, don’t you? Bridges No, I didn’t have to cook very much over there. I buttered them a lot and broiled them. Seafood was abundant. [inaudible] I would go to the local market. They would always have some trouble with us, because they don’t encourage you to go outside the city. Thompson Was it dangerous? Bridges It wasn’t dangerous, but if an American like you—a Caucasian—goes there, you’ll be surrounded and you’d be shot. They don’t like Americans. For me, I’m Asian with an Asian [inaudible], so it’s a little bit better. I learned that when you carry your basket to town, you just let the boys carry it so they don’t bug you. You pay them 100 rupees. That’s 10 cents and they walk with you while you buy your groceries and they put it in a cart for you. Thompson So if one of the boys that you see on the street comes, he attaches himself to you and then none of the boys bother you? That happened to us in the Dominican Republic. A boy attached himself to my mother and he went everywhere with us throughout the whole day. Bridges This was only in the market though. That way you get rid of them, because they all want to help you, and you end up paying extra money. I also found out that we’d pay the lawn boy $5 a month and we’d pay the maid $15. $15 is the maximum, and they say $10 is the going rate. One of our doctors from Texas would pay $15 and the maid would carry laundry from the city every day. After they worked for the Americans, they’d go work for the nationals expecting to get paid $15 a month, but the nationals would only pay them $10 maximum. They’d say, “That’s not fair.” They’d tell us we couldn’t spoil them. Thompson You see? We’d look at that as entrepreneurship. If you do the best, you get paid more. Bridges Right. They also liked blue jeans, so what we’d do is come to the states and buy blue jeans and give it to them as a Christmas gift. That’s why they like working for the Americans. Thompson Well, your husband was very right when he said, “Enjoy it.” [laughs]. Bridges Well, I didn’t understand, but now I do. Thompson What was your first shocking experience when you came to the [United] States? Did you come in through Texas? Bridges No, we came in through Maryland. Yes, because his Army friends stayed at Fort [George G.] Meade, so we’d stay with our friends. The men would go somewhere else and the women—was very nice. She took me to the commissary. I said, “I want to go to the commissary.” I walked in and I said, “Oh, look at the eggplant. It’s so nice. Look at the lettuce.” Because our lettuce is terrible-looking, but we still ate it, because that’s the best they had to offer. She just looked at me. [laughs] I said, “I want to buy this. I want to eat this.” Of course, we had more money than they did, so we paid for the groceries, but she let me pick what I wanted. The green peas were so green and narrow, but over there they were kind of bulky. Thompson So the first big shock was the groceries? I bet the food was a lot cheaper too, wasn’t it? Bridges Yes, because any canned food that came over into Indonesia were three times more expensive than here. Thompson Did you ever go back? Bridges I went back to Singapore, but not to Indonesia. It’s not the same for me anymore. I guess I’ve been gone too long. The heat and the humidity is like Florida weather in the summer. I can’t take it. [laughs] Jack always wanted to go there, but he never made it. I went back in 2004, when my brother had just died of lung cancer. And Jack wanted to go but he couldn’t. so I said, “I’ll go.” Do you remember the bird flu<a title="">[3]</a> that went around? They said that if I came back, I’d have to be in quarantine for 10 days. Jack was a little sick at that time. I think I wanted to go in November, but I went in the spring. Jack said he always admired the Chinese culture. He handled one or two cases and he said he had yet to see a broke Chinese person. I was raised Chinese. During the New Year, you have to pay off all your debts. We didn’t owe anything. Jack said, “What about your mortgages?” I said, “Well, I guess that’s one thing that you can’t pay off, but everything else has to be paid off.” Another thing is that you never lend to friends or family, because you’ll never get it back. That’s very, very true. Jack would say that the Chinese and Egyptian cultures are very, very old but he likes them more. Thompson It’s also a very good practice. You’re not in debt. So many Americans are in debt. Bridges Yeah, but when I was talking to Jack’s mother—she’s old school. It parallels what the Chinese do. Thompson Yeah, not to be in debt, because she lived in the [Great] Depression. She’s of that generation. Bridges Yes, and she’s very frugal just the way I was raised. Thompson What did your parents do? Bridges My mother was a homemaker and my father was the chief electrician, so he was gone a lot. My mother raised us, and when my father came back, we would like it, because he would spoil us. He let us go to school early, and my mother didn’t like that. We started school at 7:30 and were off at 1:00. The next year, you go from 1:00-5:00. That way they use the school, so the school isn’t sitting there empty. Thompson Did they always have a group in there? Bridges Yes, all the time. They alternated it so one year a student goes in the morning and the next year he goes in the afternoon. ThompsoAnd then it’s hotter. It’s cool in the morning and hot in the afternoon. Bridges Yeah [laughs]. That way the school is used many times, so that they don’t have to build that many schools. Property is very expensive in Singapore. It’s like Hong Kong. Everybody lives in patmas. They call it “flats.” The government will build them and let you buy them. and you could use your Social Security number to buy them. Thompson So they’re like condos, and they’re subsidized by the government. And anybody can buy one? Bridges Not everybody. They have three or four bedrooms, so it depends on your family’s size. The government will tell you if you’re eligible. Thompson So you can’t just have four bedrooms for two of you [laughs]. Bridges And you can tell them what location you want. Not a problem. If they build, you put your name in and they were very cheap. I remember my mom got a three bedroom for 15,000 in the ‘70s. Thompson Wow. That was a wonderful deal. Even back then. Bridges The dollar was like two to one. That’s cheap. Now, you can’t buy a patma for that cheap, but it’s subsidized by the government, and the government wants everybody to live better in wooden homes, because they take up a lot of land. They don’t want that. The island isn’t that big. It’s 25 miles across from east to west and 15 miles from north to south, and it’s got a population of two million people. It’s the cleanest city in the world. Bridges The crime rate is very low. They will not tolerate drugs. It’s a law and order country. Do you remember that Michael Fay went down there and got caned? He got caned, because he took the stop sign down, and his family got sent home. Thompson Yeah, I had heard that about Singapore. That was an international incident. Bridges [Bill] Clinton, the American president, pleaded and the government said, “This is a law and order country.” Thompson And there are no exceptions. Bridges This lady brought drugs in. I don’t know if she’s Australian or what, but they asked the Queen of England<a title="">[4]</a> to plead and they said, “No.” Thompson The Queen couldn’t help. Well, just think—if it’s 25 miles long and 15 miles wide, it’s the same size as Sanford’s 22 mile square. so your whole island is probably the size of Sanford. It has two million people there and we only have 54,000. People don’t understand how lucky they are to live in a place like Sanford. Bridges Right, because over there it’s very competitive. You have to do well in school. If you don’t do well in school, you get a terrible job. My mother always said, “You see that road-sweeper? That man that sweeps the street? That’s where you’re going to end up. Digging the ditch.” [laughs] Then when they came up with that machine that cleans the street and she said, “See? They don’t even need you anymore.” [laughs] She pushed education, because both my parents were raised on a farm on Hainan Island in China. Do you remember where our plane landed in China? It got confiscated by the Chinese government. Thompson No, I don’t remember that. Bridges An American plane landed there and they wouldn’t let us take our plane home. They had to go through and check, because they wanted to check out what the Americans had in equipment and technology. Thompson So it was probably a military jet that crash-landed there or something? Bridges I don’t know how it landed there, but I know it landed there. The Chinese government got involved and I remember saying, “It’s Hainan Island. That’s where my mom and dad were born.” My mother said that the communist government would give you two pieces of material and that’s all you get. She patched them and they would look like embroideries, and she was very frugal raising us. Thompson So it was two pieces of material per person in the family or just two pieces? Bridges It was two pieces a year. That’s all you get. We always had hand-me-down clothes because my aunt was from American Families, and the kids had all the clothing, and we got to pick what we wanted to wear. so if I said, “I don’t like this dress,” she wouldn’t throw it away. She would pack it up and send it to China. It was for her nieces, you know? Thompson Yeah, so whatever you didn’t like went on to another family. Bridges Right. She wouldn’t give it to the neighbors or friends they could use it. She would send it to her family. My mother—she didn’t work, because she raised us. but she knew that education was very important. When we’d come home, we’d speak the dialect. We didn’t speak English. And we’d bring our report cards and she’d say, “What does it say? And “You’d better tell me the truth, and if it’s not what it says here, you’re in trouble.” [laughs] Thompson So she taught you how to be honest. Bridges She didn’t mind us going to school, because that was the only way we were going to do better than her, and many Asian communities are the same way. A lot of my cousins are in Virginia. My aunt does not speak English and my cousins speak broken English, but their children are very educated. They’re honor students. They’re doing real well and they’re taking care of their mom and dad. Thompson Well now, did you ever have children? Bridges No. Thompson So you have step-children from… Bridges My first and second husbands. Thompson Oh, both. That’s wonderful. Do you see them? Bridges Originally, [inaudible] lives in Orlando and the other two live in Pennsylvania, but now they’re back in Florida. They love the Florida weather. We brought them to Florida. We took them to Disney World. they always have a place to stay, and they loved it so much. They got tired of the snow. Thompson Who wouldn’t be? I like Florida too. My sisters wanted me to move to Tennessee, and I said, “You know, I like Florida. I love you, but I don’t love your weather.” [laughs] She said, “But you have hurricanes.” I said, “But I don’t have snow.” Bridges Well, Jack’s son was born and raised here. Jack only had one child. Thompson Oh, is that right? Is it John? Bridges No, Tory [Bridges] is his child. Tory’s mother, Mary Carly, is in the insurance business on Lake Mary Boulevard when you pass—that’s Jack’s first wife. Thompson Oh, Debbie or something? Bridges She married Brent Carly. He owns the insurance business on Lake Mary Boulevard. Thompson I know Mark Carly. He’s Brent’s brother. I know him better than I know Brent. I believe it was you, Jack, and Jack’s brother that made it out to the restaurant one time and I was able to meet her once. Bridges Yeah, she’s in assisted living now—Spring Lake Hills on Lake Mary Boulevard, across from the forest. She has a bad case of dementia and she gets very excited. She can’t sit down for too long. I think that’s part of the disease. When I went to see her right after Jack died, she kept asking me where Jack was and we told her. And her cousin, Linda, told me that when she went to Jack’s service, she thought she was at her husband’s funeral. Thompson Oh, so her dementia was really bad. Bridges When I see her she asks me how Jack is and I hate repeating it to her, because it hurts me to tell her to tell her that Jack’s gone, because I’m grieving and it’s hard for me, so I say, “He’s okay.” Then later she says, “Oh, he’s gone isn’t he?” I go, “Yeah. he’s gone.” Thompson So sometimes she will remember that he did die. Bridges Now instead of saying that Jack is coming to take her home, she says that her mother is coming to take her home. They go back. They revert to their childhood. She doesn’t remember her other son, Stevie [Bridges]. Stevie does not come around too often. Thompson Well that’s the one everybody compared to Jack, so he didn’t feel too good about it. Bridges Yeah, but they always favored Stevie a lot. Stevie stayed at the house with them, but he later moved out. Maybe they catered to him, because Jack was a family man. They figured he was married and Stevie never got married, so they took care of him more. I don’t know. Thompson What kind of work does Stevie do? Bridges Well, he went to college and got his degree from University of Florida. I don’t know what he majored in, but he decided he didn’t want to use what he learned in school, so he worked for a welding company and became the chief welder. Thompson Yeah, because I remember seeing him in work clothes, like a working person—blue collar. Bridges Right. They told him they would give him a desk job, but he said no. He preferred to be blue-collar. That’s what he wanted. Then they let him go and he was applying for other jobs. I don’t know. It didn’t work out. Thompson So he’s not working at all now? Bridges He turns 60 in February and he said he’s going to wait and draw retirement and Social Security [Insurance]. Thompson Well, he’s got two years until he can do it. Bridges He has a big payout and Jack was trying to tell him how to invest. and I told Jack, “If he was smart enough, he would have gone back to work and worked ‘til he was 65, and let that money build and draw better Social Security.” That’s what I’m doing. Thompson Well, I worked ‘til 62, but my husband was very ill. So I just went in and said, “I’m closing the restaurant.” Bridges I don’t blame you. You had your hands full. That’s different. Being a caregiver takes all your energy. Thompson It does. I had two years with him. We were very lucky. On July of 2008, I walked in the door and said, “We’ve got parties that we’re doing on the 4th of July and we should be out of food by next Wednesday.” I said, “We’re closing the doors of The Rib Ranch forever on the 8th and 9th of July.” I put a big sign up saying, “Come and say goodbye.” Everybody came and got barbecue, but on July 2nd, the guy who owned the business right next door to me made me an offer for my property, and I took it and we had our closing 15 days later. I had two years completely free to be with my husband, because he couldn’t drive anymore. He was going blind. He had a lot of physical problems. I spent a lot of time going to doctor’s offices. Bridges It’s like what Jack said towards the end. his social calendar towards the end was all doctor’s appointments. Jack got sick in 2009. He was in this hospital and then they told him they had to send him up to Shands[?]<a title="">[5]</a>, because he had abdominal blockage. They said, “You need surgery. There’s a tumor right there. That’s why it’s doing that. Shands might be able to get you in.” The doctor that tried to get him in just got back from church and he said, “There’s a bed available.” So he was happy, and I packed four days’ clothes. stayed there three and a half weeks. He wouldn’t let me come home. He said, “Don’t leave me.” He was very lonesome. Thompson He needed you. Bridges I had a lot of vacation time, so I called Penny Fleming and she said, “Take it.” I was planning on coming home and working Monday through Friday and then go up on weekends, and she said, “Well, whatever you want.” Then I decided, “Well, maybe half a day on Friday.” She says, “That will be better and you won’t have to drive during the night.” Then I told Jack what she said and Jack said, “No.” Thompson He needed you there. Bridges He wanted me there. Thompson Well, the thing I found out about, when your husband’s sick, is that even though I depended on him being smart and understanding everything. He was being stoic, but he wasn’t comprehending what the doctors were saying, because, internally, he was panicked. He would say, “What did he mean by that?” I would have to research it and find out what the doctor meant, because he wouldn’t tell him he was scared. Bridges Jack was the opposite. Jack was very sharp and he still had a sense of humor. I remember they almost put him on a ventilator one time up in Shands. Scared me to death. Jack didn’t like too much medication, but they gave him medication and he crawled to bed. And when he came in, there was this person sitting in his room and he woke up and said, “Oh, have you met my warden?” Thompson Who was the person sitting in his room? Bridges It was the nurse. And they had to explain that he was trying to climb over the bed. When he was up there, he would tell me to do things he wasn’t supposed to do. He wanted a Slurpee and he said, “Go get me one.” and I’d say, “The doctor says you can’t have anything.” He’d say, “If you don’t get it for me, then I’ll go down to get it.” I said, “Then what do you want?” He said, “Strawberry.” At that time, he had that abdominal problem and they had to pump it out. There was a little container behind him and the doctor could see the red from the strawberry and he panicked, “Oh, it’s blood.” Jack said, “No. I just had strawberries.” [laughs] The doctor shook his head. Jack said, “My mouth is very dry, so I asked her to get me that.” The doctor said, “How about changing the flavor?” Oh, he was something else. Thompson So what’s happening with you now? Bridges I’m just back to work. I’m just doing my routine and putting in my time working at the Sheriff’s Office until my retirement. I’ve got 10 years to go. I’ve already got 14 years. I hate to retire so early, because what am I going to do for health insurance? If I retire right now, I’ve got eight years. 62 is early retirement. They penalize me five percent for every year under. I figure I don’t have much going right now, so I just try to keep myself occupied. Thompson I think that’s a good thing too. If I didn’t have all this, I’d be going crazy. Bridges But I sure miss him though, because every time I go to the parades, I see all the people and politicians and it kind of depresses me a little bit. Thompson Well, what do you think he would have said about everything that happened with Trayvon [Benjamin Martin] and the city? Bridges I don’t think he would have let the case go as far as it did, because he would know how to tell them. Who is it [inaudible]? He said he didn’t know the legal procedures or the steps to take. He said it wasn’t right that [Bill] Lee didn’t arrest [George Michael] Zimmerman. but if you can’t prove anything yet, how can you arrest somebody? There’s no evidence. Thompson I thought it was really strange that people don’t understand that the police investigate, but it’s the state attorneys that say they have a case and have them arrested. My illustration was, “Haven’t you seen Law & Order?” Half the show is about what the police do and the other half is about what the attorneys do. Bridges Well, I think that on the legal side, you have to have evidence to show before you can convict and arrest a person, but there’s nothing to prove him guilty. People were so upset. They wanted them to do it now and it got worse and worse. When it came to the commissioner, people were saying Commissioner Lee wasn’t doing his job. Thompson And none of those commissioners… Bridges They don’t understand the legal system. Thompson It would have been good if Jack were still there. Bridges Linda would have been good too, because she worked at the state attorney’s office. It would have helped the city. Thompson Maybe if we had had a better city attorney. I mean, I don’t know Lonnie Grout, but maybe a stronger criminal lawyer mind would have helped. Who knows? Jack is really missed. Bridges Yeah, I feel like he served. The Lord wanted him home, and I feel like Jack knew he was sick but he did not tell me. He knew what was going on. He was talking to Dr. [inaudible] about it. Remember when they put the shunt in? He [inaudible]. I think when they pull it out too fast it can create a clog. That’s what my friends told me. Linda [inaudible] said that was a clog when she saw his hand, and she was right. His hand just got bigger and bigger like my thigh. I asked the nurse, “What happened?” She said, “Oh, nothing wrong. We’re just trying to stabilize.” When Dr. [inaudible] was talking to him, I came in at the tail end of the conversation. Dr. [inaudible] said, “If we have to, we’ll remove it.” I found out after he died by talking to Dr. [inaudible] that he knew he was going, but he didn’t tell me. Thompson I don’t think my husband knew he was going. Bridges He didn’t want me to be upset, and I feel that it’s not fair. At least he could have prepared me, because he went in on a Friday, assigned Saturdays all over the weekend. I had to bring him his Jell-O mixed with fruit. He didn’t want the hospital Jell-O. He wanted iced tea mixed at home. He wanted chicken noodle soup. He didn’t want the can one, so I’d bring the hot broth to the hospital for him to eat. I saw him Saturday, Sunday, and I called Jack’s son about Friday or Saturday to let him know, because we’re working people. We’re always so busy. Maybe we would have more time on weekends. He could have come to see his father, but he didn’t come to see his father until Monday. Jack’s secretary was there on Monday too, and she said, “What is Tory doing here?” I said, “I told him he could come see his father, but I didn’t tell Cathy that she could come.” During one of our meetings in the room, the doctor came in and he was a very good cardiologist and I liked the doctor very much. And she started asking him questions and the doctor felt—I could see the look on his face. he didn’t want to be interrupted, and he looked at Jack and me. He knew who I was, but I didn’t introduce myself. He didn’t like it. I said, “Next time, I won’t let her come to the hospital to see him, because what if the doctor has to come in and she interrupts everything?” That time she called me from outside the hospital and says, “Can I come inside?” What can I say? She’s already at the hospital, so I told her to come up. After everybody had seen him, he said he’s tired and that everybody has to go. Thompson This was Monday? Bridges No, it was Monday night. I said, Okay. I guess he wants me to go home too so he can rest. Everybody left and I was packing my stuff and he said, “No. you stay a little bit.” I stayed and he said, “Give me a hug.” He wanted me to kiss him. I think he knew. He must have known it was getting close. so on Tuesday I worked half a day. I was going to do a whole week. On Tuesday, I got a message from the doctor saying, “Come right away.” I dropped everything. Thompson So you had just gotten home and then you had to go back and he had died? Bridges No, I was heading towards the hospital to bring his stuff, but when I got the message I just went straight and left everything. He said, “Come right away,” but he was already gone by the time I got there. Thompson Well, you can be angry with him, but… Bridges But we had a good life. It was a short time with him, and Jack and I had an age difference of 11 years. We both had November birthdays, and we’re 11 days apart. When he died we were married 11 years and 11 months. Thompson Oh, 11 is a really important number then. Bridges When he started having the cancer in December, he said that he would like another 10 years, but if God would give him five he would take it. In December, he showed me he wanted to go to church. I’m a converted Catholic. Every now and then he’d go to the church. He got very bored. I was surprised he went, and that was the last Christmas. Thompson Well, it’s tough when we lose them like that. Bridges Jack changed his whole life around from what he was. He went to the opposite end of the spectrum. Thompson He really did, because he was a rounder. He was a party guy, wasn’t he? Bridges He was. I remember when he told me, “When we get married, I like to go out with my boys once a month.” But he never did it after we married. I let him run as far as he wanted to, but he never did. He always wanted to come home. He knew he had a home to come to. I think that when he was struggling with his alcohol, there was no one to communicate with him emotionally. With my military upbringing, he learned how to be soft to people and love them. I think he felt most sturdy and he said I was his rock. Thompson You were the stability that he needed. Bridges He turned his life around after that. He learned how to give and found that it was very rewarding and he turned into a public servant. He got what he wanted. He had the intelligence to go along with serving the city. I’m very happy for him. I hated seeing him go, but he achieved what he wanted to do in life. Thompson I think that’s great. I had a different situation with my husband. I’m so happy that he’s gone, because I loved him so. He was a sports lover and he loved Sports Illustrated magazine. He had to read about his sports. He told me on Wednesday, and he died on a Saturday, “Cancel my subscription to Sports Illustrated.” That just floored me. I think now that he passed away, that if he had lived the two years they said he would, he would have been blind. He was in renal failure, so if he lived through that, he would have been on dialysis. He had diabetes and he was losing his legs, so this is not the life he would have wanted. This wouldn’t be living. This would be torture. He wasn’t a man who had the will to live through anything. He had his comforts. I’m so glad he was able to go the way he wanted to go, before these awful things came. He was a very proud man and very private. He hated having nurses having to help him go to the bathroom or go take a shower. It got to me that he had to go through that. Bridges The last two years of Jack’s life, he was sick and he knew it, and he cried. He said he didn’t deserve it. He was throwing up and there was nothing but liquid coming up all the time. I had to empty his can, because I didn’t want him to smell that all the time. He was already sick. I made sure everything was close by and the less he moved, the better he felt. I’d get his medication, Sports Illustrated magazine—whatever he needed. He said he didn’t like being sick like that. He would say to me, “You’re too good for me.” and he’d cry. It got me emotionally, and when I’d get to the kitchen, I’d cry. I’d almost be in tears, but I wouldn’t look at him. He’d ask, “Are you alright?” I’d say, “I am.” Then I’d go to the kitchen and cry, because I didn’t want to show him I was weak. But he was ready to go. Thompson Mine was too. At the time I was mad at him for leaving me, but I got over it. Now I’m just grateful that I had him for as long as I did and that he’s not suffering. Bridges My first husband went very fast. He was up and walking and he fell. One of his blood vessels burst. They called it a “pontine hemorrhage,” because of the pons. It’s like an aneurysm. I was kind of mad, but they say—I was shocked. I didn’t know he was going to go. There was no goodbye or anything. Then God was graceful enough to put God in my life. I had only been in this country for six years—’85-‘91. I didn’t know my way around. I had to learn how to drive when I got here. And my sister and brother-in-law were very good to me and helped me with the funeral arrangements. Then Jack came into my life and I said, “Oh God. At least you could have prepared me.” I didn’t know he was going to get sick. It takes a lot to be a caregiver. You’re not prepared, but that’s life. Jack went so fast, no one expected it. We thought he was doing so well when he came from Gainesville, and they detected cancer and he went for his radiation [therapy] and chemo[therapy]… Thompson How long had he been back from Gainesville? Bridges He had surgery in August. Thompson Yeah, but when did he come home? Because when he came home, we had an appointment and I think he died the next week. Bridges He died in March. Thompson So he wasn’t in the hospital in the spring? Bridges Yeah, he was in the hospital. He went in on Friday afternoon and he died Tuesday afternoon. Thompson I’m thinking of a month before that. Bridges He had been in and out of the hospital then. They had to put him in hydration, because of his radiation and chemo. They said he got very dehydrated and he had been in and out several times. Thompson Well, I talked to him on the phone and he was either in the hospital—it might’ve just been the day before he died. I can’t imagine that though. But I talked to him. maybe a week was either right before he went into the hospital or the day before he died. Because I was completely shocked. Bridges I didn’t expect him to go into the hospital. Maybe you talked to him that Monday and he was fine, but then the next couple of days, his arm just got worse. By the end of the week, I figured he better go to the hospital, because doctors are not around on weekends, so I needed to admit him. I couldn’t get a hold of his doctor so that’s why he went in on a Friday. <div> <div> <a title="">[1]</a> Correction: Grandview Avenue. </div> <div> <a title="">[2]</a> Singapore. </div> <div> <a title="">[3]</a> Avian influenza. </div> <div> <a title="">[4]</a> Elizabeth II. </div> <div> <a title="">[5]</a> Possibly the University of Florida’s Health Shands Hospital. </div> </div> alcoholism Beth Bridges Bridges, Jack J. Bridges, Mary Celery Soup: Florida's Folk Life Play Chinese Chinese culture city commissioner Cleveland, Mac Clinton, Bill Clinton, William "Bill" Jefferson cooking Creative Sanford, Inc. cuisine Elizabeth Bridges Fay, Michael Fleming, Penny Fort George G. Meade Fort Meade, Maryland Gainesville Grandview Avenue Green, Alfred Green, Elizabeth Green, Victor "Mapes" groceries Grout, Lonnie Hainaese Hainan Island, China Indonesia Jack J. Bridges King's English Kuhn, Linda Lake Mary Boulevard Law Office of Jack J. Bridges lawyer Lee, Bill lung cancer Mandarin Martin, Trayvon Benjamin Mary Bridges oil field Ritz Theatre Seminole County Sheriff's Office Singapore Southern cuisine Sports Illustrated Spring Hills Lake Mary The Rib Ranch Thompson, Trish Zimmerman, George Michael https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/9a286a6f755d844f675354e955e5642a.pdf 61f2719e5cadc99a144778de63ba9150 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Creative Sanford, Inc. Collection Alternative Title Creative Sanford Collection Subject Seminole County (Fla.) Folk plays Sanford (Fla.) Description Creative Sanford, Inc. is a non-profit organization created to manage Celery Soup: Florida's Folk Life Play community theater productions. The original idea for the Celery Soup project came from Jeanine Taylor, the owner of a folk-art gallery on First Street in Sanford, Florida. Their first production was Touch and Go, a play focusing on the people of Sanford and their determination to overcome various obstacles, including the Freeze of 1894-1895, the fall of Sanford's celery industry, and the closing of Naval Air Station (NAS) Sanford in the 1960s. In the process of producing the show, Creative Sanford decided to rehabilitate an historic building, the Princess Theater, which is located on 115 West First Street and owned by Stephen Tibstra. The Creative Sanford offices are housed in the Historic Sanford Welcome Center, located at 203 East First Street. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/16" target="_blank">Sanford Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/44" target="_blank">Seminole County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Historic Sanford Welcome Center, Downtown Sanford, Florida Princess Theater, Downtown Sanford, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="http://www.celerysoupsanford.com//about" target="_blank">WHO IS CREATIVE SANFORD, INC?</a>" Celery Soup. http://www.celerysoupsanford.com//about. "<a href="http://www.celerysoupsanford.com/about/" target="_blank">About: History and Purpose</a>." Celery Soup. http://www.celerysoupsanford.com/about/. "<a href="http://www.communityperformanceinternational.org/sanford-florida" target="_blank">Sanford, Florida: How do you make Celery Soup? Add stories, then stir</a>." Community Performance International. http://www.communityperformanceinternational.org/sanford-florida. Contributor <a href="http://www.celerysoupsanford.com/" target="_blank">Creative Sanford, Inc.</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer Thompson, Trish Román-Toro, Freddie Interviewee Black, Patricia Ann Hardy, Billy Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Oral History of Patricia Ann Black and Billy Hardy Alternative Title Oral History, Black and Hardy Subject Sanford, (Fla.) Education--Florida Race relations--Florida Army Description An oral history of both Patricia Ann Black (b. 1956) and Billy Hardy (b. 1956). Hardy was born on August 17, 1956, and Black was born 14 days later on August 31. Both grew up at the end of Tenth Street in Sanford, Florida. This oral history interview was conducted by Trish Thompson and Freddie Román-Toro. Hardy and Black attended Hopper Elementary School through sixth grade, Lakeview Middle School for seventh grade, Sanford Junior High School for eighth grade, Crooms High School for ninth grade, and Seminole High School through twelfth grade. They talk about what life was like in Sanford during segregation and what happened to make integration possible. Black talks about what her education in New York was like when compared to that in Sanford. Hardy discusses how football helped ameliorate tensions among blacks and whites. He also shares his experiences in the Army. Black and Hardy also discuss their childhood romance and how circumstances changed their relationship. Hardy also speaks about his time in technical school and his passion for cars. Other topics include the differences between attending school in New York and Florida, the Trayvon Martin case, and the sexual abuse of Black as a child. Type Text Source Black, Patricia and Billy Hardy. Interviewed by Trish Thompson and Freddie Román-Toro. March 2013. Audio record available. <a href="http://www.celerysoupsanford.com//about" target="_blank">Creative Sanford, Inc.</a>, Sanford, Florida. Requires <a href="https://get.adobe.com/reader/" target="_blank">Adobe Acrobat Reader</a> Is Part Of <a href="http://www.celerysoupsanford.com//about" target="_blank">Creative Sanford, Inc.</a>, Sanford Florida. <a href="http://www.celerysoupsanford.com//about" target="_blank">Creative Sanford, Inc. Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital 22-page transcript of original oral history: Black, Patricia and Billy Hardy. Interviewed by Trish Thompson and Freddie Román-Toro. March 2013. Audio record available. <a href="http://www.celerysoupsanford.com//about" target="_blank">Creative Sanford, Inc.</a>, Sanford, Florida. Coverage Hopper Academy, Sanford, Florida Lakeview Middle School, Winter Garden, Florida Sanford Junior High School, Sanford, Florida Crooms High School, Sanford, Florida Seminole High School, Sanford, Florida Creator Thompson, Trish Román-Toro, Freddie Black, Patricia Ann Hardy, Billy Date Created 2013-03 Format application/pdf Extent 198 KB Medium 22-page digital transcript Language eng Mediator History Teacher Provenance Originally created by Trish Thompson, Freddie Román-Toro, Patricia Ann Black, and Billy Hardy. Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by <a href="http://www.celerysoupsanford.com//about" target="_blank">Creative Sanford, Inc.</a> and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Contributing Project <a href="http://www.celerysoupsanford.com//about" target="_blank">Creative Sanford, Inc.</a> <a href="http://www.celerysoupsanford.com/" target="_blank">Celery Soup</a> Curator Román-Toro, Freddie Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository <a href="http://www.celerysoupsanford.com//about" target="_blank">Creative Sanford, Inc.</a> External Reference Gilmore, Henry Francis. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/78907105" target="_blank">A Study of Attitudes of Negro Teachers Toward the Supreme Court Decision and Other Issues of Desegregation in Education</a>. Thesis (Ed.D.)--Teachers College, Columbia University, 1957. Humphrey, Hubert H. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/189150" target="_blank">Integration vs. Segregation</a>. New York: Crowell, 1964. Jenkins, Sallie S. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/52692084" target="_blank">A Historical Investigation of School Desegregation in Seminole County School District</a>. Thesis (EdD.)--University of Central Florida, 2002, 2002. Kharif, Wali Rashash. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/10501914" target="_blank">The Refinement of Racial Segregation in Florida After the Civil War</a>. Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 1983, 1983. Yancy, George, and Janine Jones. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/810119075" target="_blank">Pursuing Trayvon Martin: Historical Contexts and Contemporary Manifestations of Racial Dynamics</a>. Lanham: Lexington Boos, 2013. Transcript Thompson How did y’all meet? [laughs]. Hardy We grew up at the end of Tenth Street. Our house was the last house on the street. And it just so happened that my birthday was August 17th, 1956 and yours was… Black Mine was August 31st, 1956. And we’re like 14 days apart and our mothers carried us at the same time. And we’re at the dead end of East Tenth Street. so I’m at the corner and he’s at the end. It was just us two kids. There were others in the neighborhood, but… Hardy Not as close as we were. Thompson So you went all through school together? Hardy Pretty much. Thompson What school? Hardy In elementary school, it was Hopper [Academy]—between Eleventh [Street] and Celery Avenue—and afterwards, it was Lakeview [Middle School] for seventh grade, I think. Black Yeah. We were 12 at Lakeview and we went to Sanford Junior High [School] at 13. Thompson And where was Sanford Junior then? Black That’s Sanford Middle School now. It’s the same one. Thompson Oh. It’s on [U.S. Route] 17-92. Black Yes. The next year we went to Crooms [High School], which became our ninth grade. Then we went to Seminole [High School]. Thompson So you were there for the integration of—or you were one year after? Hardy No. We were in the midst of it. Black We were in fourth grade when that began to happen, so we kind of had a choice for our fifth grade. Our parents could decide if they wanted to send us to the other school, because they didn’t close Hopper or anything like that. Hardy It just made an opportunity to go to other schools, if they wanted to, but we stayed. It was right around the corner [laughs]. Black We lived one block away. It was on the corner of Eleventh and Bay [Avenue] and we lived on Tenth and Bay so—my parents left the choice up to me, because all my life I’ve always gone to integrated schools. I began school in New York state and… Thompson Oh, so you left? Black I would leave every year. My father was a migrant crew leader, but they lived here. They stayed here. My parents’ work was as a migrant to carry people up north to pick apples—to harvest the fruit. Thompson And so you went to school up there every year? So you were just home in summertime? Black And I spent all my summers in New York. I began school in New York and I would end it here every school year. From September to November, up to the week before Thanksgiving, I would go to school in New York. Then we’d come down here and I’d finish school. And it used to be June 6th that would be the last day of school, and then as we got older it would be June 11th. The next day, my mom and I would get on a Greyhound bus and go to Rochester[, New York] to visit with my sisters, and my father would come up around July 5th—out to the migrant camp that we lived on. Román-Toro Could you elaborate on the differences between going to school up North and coming to school here? Black Yes. I sure can. For me, it was more of a freedom. When I’m in New York, I could be myself. I could be all that I thought I could be. I went to school with whites. I started out with whites, so in school, there was no limit to what we were taught we could be—even the black students. However, down here I had to go to an all-black school, which wasn’t a problem, as far as it being black. I knew I fit in there. However, at a very early age, I learned the difference. It was kind of sad for me, especially by sixth grade, I had a grip on what was going on. I didn’t like when I got to Florida, I had to feel “less than.” Thompson When you were in Florida, did you feel like the teachers didn’t tell you you could be all that you could be? Did the teachers treat you different in the North and South? Black No, but there is a difference and I saw the difference. The teachers here did all they could, but you still left school thinking that you could go no higher than a teacher. We weren’t taught about, “You could be a doctor one day.” This is what I remember. Thompson Billy, how about you? Hardy Just like she was saying earlier. we were in that situation and, as far as going to school, that’s what we did. We knew we had to go. we knew we had to have an education, so we went. The thing about Sanford during that time was that we lived over here and they lived over there. In other words, the black part of town was over here, and the white part was over here, and our parents taught us, “You don’t go over there.” There were many parts of time that—I’ll tell you what, as I came home from service, after 23 years of service, there were parts of town that I had never seen. When I came home, I was right down Melonville [Avenue] and I said, “I’m going over here,” and I did. I rode on through the neighborhoods and I was like… Román-Toro How’d you feel about that? How’d you feel about having that opportunity to go wherever you wanted? Hardy After being in the service, basically, I was going everywhere I wanted anyway, so when I came home it didn’t matter anymore. [laughs] The door was swung wide open. When I joined the Army, the door was open so wide, it wasn’t black or white anymore. It was green. We were fighting for one purpose and one cause and that was it. Sometimes prejudice situations came up, but it wasn’t a big thing. It was pretty much—it happened. It was controlled. It was dealt with, and that was the end of it. Growing up as a child, I had to stay where my parents told me to stay. Thompson Did it make you feel fearful—them telling you that you can’t go there? Hardy It bothered me. It really bothered me, because Sundays—you know, Sunday afternoon—after a Sunday meal, everybody’s been to church. We would go out to the schoolhouse and play football. It was all the guys in the neighborhood and we would have a blast. Gosh, we would just play football all day. What happened was, some of the guys from the other side of town—the white guys—came and saw us playing football at the schoolhouse—and this is kind of what got the ball running as far as the integration part. We played ball. They played ball. We played ball over here, but they played ball over there, so when they came over and a group of them decided, “Let’s go ask. Let’s go talk,” and we began to talk and things began to change. I think there was more to it than that, but that was one of the changes I saw. Thompson So you and your peers—black and white—you made the decision to integrate before your parents? Black Our parents didn’t decide for us to integrate. It was the white man. It wasn’t our parents. I believe that all of our black parents would rather have kept us where we were. They feared. They wouldn’t have sent us out to white schools, but as time went on, white people had to make a change, so that’s where it came about. We didn’t care that it was integrated. We were fine just where we were. I chose not to go. They gave us a choice. It was a very easy decision for me. I had been looking at white people all my life, and honestly, I was afraid of the white people down here, because here there was always that segregation, but in New York—so I knew there was a difference. The white people in the South – he probably could name some white kids that we went to school with. I can’t. There were no relationships with any of the white kids that we went to school with. It’s like… Román-Toro So you were segregated, even when you weren’t segregated is what you’re saying? When segregation started informally, and then later formally, did you trust it? Did you trust that it was for sincere reasons? or did you suspect that there was an agenda behind it? Black Well, I suspected that there was an agenda behind it—that they were being forced to make it happen. They didn’t want us. They didn’t think it was the right time to do this. There was a force behind it. When I—in fifth grade, in New York state—well, I had heard it while in fourth grade down here—but in fifth grade in New York state, when it was time to move back down here in November, I remember that all the kids thought that I was so smart in school down here. The books that they were learning through, I had already studied and completed in New York. Thompson So you were getting second-hand books in Florida? Black And in fifth grade, the books were coming from the North. Yes, because when I got here and went to school and for Thanksgiving, the guy next to me, Willie Jones—when he opened his geography book—in the front they have whose name is in it and then they have the school stamp up in the corner. And there it was: “NRW,” which was North Rose-Wolcott [High] School—that I went to. I was just floored, and I went home very upset with my father, because I had asked him, “How do these books get from New York to Florida?” He told me he didn’t know, but in fifth grade I had my own evidence. I saw the book and I just—it was just never a good feeling for me. That’s where my—I am a big advocate for diversity and I have been ever since then—and with Martin Luther King[, Jr.] and John F. Kennedy—for me, in my life, even with what I was going through, I was going to be what Martin Luther King was talking about—black and white kids holding hands and walking to school together. I was going to show white people that that could be done, because I knew there was a difference between the whites in the South and the whites in the North and you’re all white, you know? Thompson I want to go back just for a minute. When you said your parents wouldn’t let you go there, did your parents explain why they didn’t want you going in those neighborhoods? Hardy Well, basically they didn’t want us going over there because it was trouble. Some of the experiences—I mean, I got dogs sicced on me. I got to the point where I just got fed up by a lot of stuff and it was—I walked to the store one day, and this guy sicced his dog on me. He had one big one and one little one, and they didn’t bite me, because I guess I was a pretty good size as a kid. I would jump at one, he’d run and the other one would try to get me and I’d jump at him, you know? I tell you what, the hatred that built up in me during that time—I was going to kill the dogs, but they died. I had something on the inside that really bothered me for a long time. and when we left Hopper and went to Lakeview it was like a big melting pot. Thompson What year would that have been? Black We were 12. That would have been [19]68. We were 12 years old. Thompson Because the integration of Crooms didn’t happen ‘til 1970. Black We were 14 at the time. Crooms was in ninth grade. Lakeview was built for the seventh grade—for all of us. Everybody was going to have to go to Lakeview. Hardy We fought every day. every day. They shut the school down once, because we fought so much. I mean, it was lunch time, and here come the buses, and it was a mess. I could honestly say that the class of ’74, from Lakeview all the way up to high school, we fought. Just to take it even a step further, I played football. My thing was football. I was big in sports, and it got to the point where I just decided, “What are we fighting for? I’m tired of fighting.” Did you see the movie Remember the Titans? We finally came together Homecoming. It took Homecoming in the 11th grade for us to come together—actually, in the 12th grade. It took Homecoming for us to come together. We were down 7-6, and we got in that huddle, and we looked at each other and decided, “That’s it. We’re going to do this.” That was the first time we joined hands and said, “That’s it. No more.” We were on defense, and I was on defense, because I played both ways. when the game started, I was on the field from then to the time the game was over. Gosh, their quarterback dropped back for a pass and we rushed him hard. And he dropped back and he threw it and one of the quarterbacks—I’ll never forget it, Jimmy Clemens, a white guy, intercepted it. We formed a wall and we wiped out everybody and Jimmy ran in for the touchdown and we won the game. Thompson But didn’t you all go to the state [championship] that year? Hardy No. We didn’t. We didn’t go to state. I’ll tell you what—it took that to bring us together. We really had a time. We really did. Thompson It wasn’t every black or white person, but it was certain ones that they had been… Hardy It was certain ones. I’ll give you a good example. I have a good friend named Pat Howard, okay? Pat were[sic] practicing one day, and I was on offense at the time. Pat intercepted the ball, and I hit him pretty hard. We were in the shower and I wasn’t expecting Pat to come up to me. He said, “You tried to kill me out there.” I said, “Coach is wearing us out out there. Nah. I didn’t try to kill you.” I said, “You all right?” He said, “Yeah.” We shook it off. The next day we got ready to line up and the coach blew the whistle. He said, “Hardy? You’re over there on defense next to Howard.” Now we’re on the same side. Now it’s getting good. “Don’t come this way,” I said. “I don’t care who you are—black or white. Don’t come this way.” Pat catches on real quick and he stood back to back with me and said, “Don’t come this way.” Now we’re having fun. Now it’s getting real interesting. We’re great friends right now. As a matter of fact, his mother has a barber shop across the street—a hair salon. Betty Ann? Thompson Oh, yeah. I don’t know her, but everybody says what a wonderful person she is Hardy That’s his mom, so when we get together we hug, fish, and talk. Needless to say, when the wall was torn down—while we were in the pot fighting—there were some friends made in the pot. The wall came down. Doing sports—the wall came down. We realized fighting wasn’t going to do us any good. “You’re here and I’m here. We’ve got to go to the same school. We’re from the same town. Hey, we might as well get along.” Thompson Your thought process is that that brought about the change, because you said, “I’m not fighting.” Then you said that to them, and they said that they didn’t want to fight either. You were really a catalyst for the change in your school. Hardy Somebody had to do something. Thompson Well, I’m glad to meet you, because that was a wonderful thing that you did. Hardy All that fighting and carrying on—it gets to the point where you’re like, “Come on. We just did this yesterday.” There was a big change. When we graduated. Tears flew. “I might never see this guy anymore.” I knew these guys, so when reunion time comes around, that’s great. We go get a ride, Pat gets drunk, and I have to take him home[laughs]. All of a sudden he’s hugging you and wants to tell you how much he loves you. The true feelings come out then. When I see him in his momma’s shop, it’s like, “Hey! You didn’t call me!” They look at us like we’re going to tear the place apart. It had to come to that. The wall inside of me fell. and it didn’t just fall, it crumbled. After I joined the service, it really crumbled, because now those I thought were my enemies were now my friends. Now we’re fighting for the same cause. I’m training them and they’re training me. I’ve been to the battlefield. Thompson Which one? Hardy [Operation] Desert Storm. I rescued so many I can’t even count the number. I was a combat medic and I’d pull them out of holes and hills, and rescued them out of the battlefields. It has been a great life and it ain’t over yet. The best is yet to come. Thompson So when you got out of the service, what did you do? Hardy I opened up an automotive repair shop in Columbus, Georgia. That’s where I live now. That’s where I’ve been ever since. I work on everybody’s car [laughs]. Thompson Now, when you were in school, did any of the girls fight? Black Well, he saw more fights than I did. I think that since I went to school in New York, when I got here, I didn’t have to put up a wall, because I understood already, because I understood what was going on. However, as an African-American, I knew where I stood and how far I could go. Which brings me back to the fifth grade and having to—it was an awful feeling to have to feel “less than.” I spent six months knowing that I was more than that. Then you get to a place where you can’t go here and you can’t go there. I think we grew up desiring not to. Which is why when we got old enough and came home, we wanted to see what all the hoopla was about. We wanted to see why we couldn’t go over there. It was to our great disappointment, because there were houses just like ours. Our house looks better than theirs. Thompson Okay, but what about the fighting? Did they do any fighting? Black Oh, yes. There was fighting. However, I would be in New York, so he would see more. The fights were always in the beginning of the school year and definitely at the end of the school year. The last day of school [laughs]. Hardy You can’t get suspended. The only thing you can do is go home. Black You’ve been saving up the whole year for the last day of school. Thompson Get even time. Black I think we even picked fights. It was the last day of school. Hardy It was wild, I tell you. I think about some of that. There was one in particular. I had a problem with one teacher. This guy—from the moment I walked in his class until the time class was done—did not like me. I didn’t bother with him, but there was this girl that liked me. She was white and she liked me. My thing was, “I can’t do nothing with you. Ain’t no way.” I wasn’t interested, but because she liked me, he was upset about it. She didn’t try to hide it. She liked me and I kept saying, “Look, I can’t do nothing with you.” And he realized what was going on, and one day, he called me outside the classroom and he said, “You are one dirty, stinking, colored boy.” It hit me and I told Dad about it and he said, “Don’t worry about it.” but I still had to deal with this guy One day in class there was a hand-cranked electrical generator. You can generate electricity with this hand-cranked electrical generator. Now, my dad was a plumber, but he was also a carpenter, and he knew electricity, and he taught me a lot of things. One of the things that he taught me about electricity was if you got in line with the electricity, if you touched it and I’m touching you, then I’m going to get it, okay? He had this electric generator in class and he was trying to prove a point, and the point was that if you touch this—he had us get into a line and hold hands and guess who was last? Guess who was next to last? The young lady. I knew what was going to happen. He was going to crank the generator. He was saying, “Y’all ready?” Everybody was ready. When he made a motion to crank that generator, I snatched my hand out of hers, and her hair stood up on her head, and she said, “Eeeeeee!” [laughs] When she hollered, he looked straight at me. I was standing there looking at him, because I knew. Needless to say, I got an F. I wound up going to summer school and I passed with a B. Stuff like that happened and I couldn’t do anything about it. I had to deal with it. Thompson So what happened to that girl? Hardy She followed us right on through high school. She was right there. I can’t remember what her name was, but she graduated. Thompson But she learned her lesson that—she didn’t mess with you again did she? Hardy We went to high school and I would see her and she would—but that was it. I couldn’t. My dad said, “No,” and that was just it. It was taboo and I just didn’t do it. You have to be obedient to your parents, so I didn’t. And with everything that happened to me, I didn’t want anything to do with that. The only thing that got me interested was when they came to the football field and said, “Hey, y’all want to play?” At first, there was a wall. After playing football the first few times, there were a couple of fights and everybody was like, “Come on.” As time went on, you get tired and you say, “Hey, something’s got to give.” Thompson So what about the girls? They fought too? Hardy Yeah. The girls fought too. You know how girl fights are—tearing clothes off, pulling hair, scratching. [laughs] There was a lot of that too, but when the girls start fighting, a lot of the guys would get in too and they would hold them and keep them from fighting. At the end of school, there weren’t enough people to stop all the fights that broke out though. The only thing you could do was get on the bus and go home. The last bell rang, run to the bus, and go home [laughs]. Thompson Well, you both have come out with really wonderful attitudes. Román-Toro How did you guys feel when the Trayvon Martin case happened? How did you act when you heard about that? Hardy I was in Georgia at the time. I was just working in my shop when I found out about it, and I was like, “Man, that thing ain’t going anywhere yet. It’s still there.” I was saying, “Gosh, the only way that this thing is going to leave this city is that some folks just have to die.” How long are we going to be upset with each other? If I get cut, I bleed. If you get cut, you bleed. It’s the same color red. The same thing God did for you, he did it for me. Some folks won’t let it die. When it happened, I was like, “Wow, here we go again.” Just when you think everything’s good and maybe there’s a chance and we’re doing all right, here we go again. It blew me away. It really hurt, because a lot of people knew me as the guy from Sanford. When I was in school, they used to call me “Sanford.” When Trayvon got killed, everybody was like, “Ain’t you from Sanford? You better look at the news. Something’s going on down there.” Thompson Did you talk to any of your friends down here? What did they say? Hardy Oh, gosh,. You know, you always get some radical friends, because this happened to Grandma and this happened to Granddaddy. The memory is still there too. People say, “I’m going to get in on it too,” and “I’m going to do something about it.” I’m like, “Hey, man. That ain’t the way.” Then the demonstration—I was so glad that they were peaceful. I didn’t want that for Sanford. I didn’t want all that fighting and carrying on. We fought enough. I’ve got a lot of sisters down here and a lot of kinfolk, and I’m like, “Hey, man. Be peaceful. Let’s let the law work for a change.” I mean, it’s obvious what happened. If the blind man heard what he said to the 9-1-1 operator, I mean, come on. You<a title="">[1]</a> were out to get that young boy and he didn’t do anything but go to the store. Now, I don’t know what had been happening in the past. I don’t know how many break-ins they had had in the past. I don’t condone that kind of stuff. I mean, if there’s a thief, let’s catch him. I don’t want him to break-in mine. I don’t want him to break-in yours either. You work hard and you don’t want anybody breaking in and taking your stuff. but Trayvon wasn’t doing that. This guy was so obsessed that he just had it out for him, and what he did was wrong. Black And overboard. Hardy The 9-1-1 operator telling you, “Wait ‘til the authorities arrive.” And you’re going to take matters into your own hands, and, as far as I’m concerned, you’re guilty. You shot that young boy and he didn’t do anything to you. You messed with him. It could have been your brother, son, or cousin. He came from Miami. I hate that he came to Sanford for this thing to happen to him, but it opened up a lot of eyes in this city—black and white. Thompson I was so proud of the City of Sanford. They had a thing from the Sheriff’s Department that said that all through that spring there were no reported fights, no break-ins, no attacks, etc. We stood head-and-shoulders above any community that was having all that outside pressure to do something and we didn’t do it. We stood together. Hardy And my sister called me and told me, “You should have been here. You should have seen the city. Everybody got together and marched.” It did my heart good. I hate what happened to Trayvon, but it sure did bring this city together and it got people to thinking. I mean, it was something deep inside of me. Black When we’re born, that’s something that’s imbedded inside of us from birth. In New York, we say that white babies are born with a backpack full of privileges, and when the black babies are born, the first thing you get is: “You’re black.” If you come from a black parent, this is one of the first things that you’re going to learn. You are Negro. It’s changed several times since then—colored, African-American, black. Hardy You heard it different. See, I heard it as, “If you’re white, you’re born with a silver spoon in your mouth. If you’re black, you get a slap on the butt.” [laughs] Thompson Okay. Now I want to hear your feelings about what happened to Trayvon. Black I’m not an avid television watcher. I certainly try to stay away from the news. I prefer the peace, because I can always hear God speaking. When the Trayvon Martin situation happened, I was unaware of it, but I was in the process of relocating from New York to Sanford, and when I got here in February, I didn’t need the TV. All of our friends and family were talking about it. What happened to me when I got here, as far as Trayvon is concerned, was that I came downtown really just trying to feel Sanford again, because we were allowed to come on First Street. We used to go to the Rexall Drugs.; we couldn’t eat at the counter thingy, but we could go and get our medicines. Then there was the five-and-dime or the 10-cent store.<a title="">[2]</a> So I came downtown and remembered [inaudible] and Manuel[?] Jacobson and, in passing one of those places and seeing that it was open, I went in. Immediately, Sarah Jacobson—I got pretty upset, because she wanted to know how I felt about it, but she felt that the world is thinking that Sanford is a horrible place now. and since I was from New York, she wanted to know how I felt. I said to her, “Unfortunately, I’ve just come from New York now, but I’ve lived in Sanford all my life, so I can’t agree with you that this is something different. This has just come out, but they have been killing all along.” That’s what I said to her. “This isn’t new. We don’t know how many black people or children someone has killed and they’re out there in the St. Johns River. I do know that, in my lifetime, Trayvon is not the first one. He’s just the one the Lord is using to clean up Sanford.” Cleaning up Sanford from the top. starting with the police department and everything. We got into a heated discussion, because I wouldn’t back down. I’m the African-American. I know what happened, so I’m not going to listen to you tell me based on what your parents—and all of that. I told her, “Sarah, but you’re still white. You don’t get to have a say in stuff like this. Your opinion is not going to matter to us or to the world, because we look at you and we still see white and all the things that conspired in the meantime.” She was very proud of her mother. Back during that time, when her mother had Manuel[?] Jacobson, she only had white ladies working for her. Somehow, it had come about in the city that they were going to boycott her, because she didn’t have any black employees. Well, one of the ladies that lived in the neighborhood heard about it and she liked Mrs. Jacobson, so when Mrs. Jacobson got to work that morning to open up the store, this lady was waiting outside so she asked her, “Why are you out here? I’m not open yet.” She said, “Well, I came to apply for that job that you’ve got.” She let her in and she said, “Well, you know I can’t hire you.” And she told her what her credentials would have to be before she could hire her and she just kindly told her that they were going to shut her down that day. She said, “I’ve come here to work for you for free as to save your life.” Sarah thought that that was really great, but not on the woman’s part. she thought her mother had done this awesome thing by letting this black lady come in there. I said, “Sarah, they were going to kill your mother.” Thompson Kill the business, not kill the mother. Black Well, I don’t see it that way. I don’t see that they were just going to get there and it was going to go over peacefully. I see Mrs. Jacobson in all of that. The black woman really put her life out there to save their livelihood. All Sarah had gotten out of that was that her mother had done this awesome thing for a black woman. Thompson Well, did the woman keep her job? Did she continue to work for her or did she just work one day for free? Black No. It was for a while until all of that had blown over. People saw that she had employed a black person. From that, Sarah just took this great pride that her mother—I said, “Well, she may have been loved enough by the blacks that this woman would come up to her, but she didn’t do anything great. She came and opened her shop like normal.” We just kind of had it out about that, and she wanted to know how I felt about the Trayvon thing. “Is Sanford really a bad place?” I said, “Well, it’s the same. Nothing’s changed.” She disagreed with me, and that’s okay. I never expected her to agree with me, but I was really pissed inside, because that brought back something. I could feel the ball and the chain around my feet while I was talking to her. What happens to us is that we know what to say to you and how to be diplomatic when we say it. However, if your attitude is the same as Sarah’s, then we have to come together and see the truth. This isn’t the first time this has happened in Sanford. We really have to control our anger. We don’t intend to be anger[sic], but it angers you when you’re talking to someone and they’re not listening. and you know they’re not listening by what they keep saying back to you. I just finally got tired of talking to Sarah and I told her I didn’t want to discuss that anymore. Sanford hasn’t changed. She said, “I could see this is really upsetting you.” She was laughing and there was this guy there watching. “What’s wrong with you, woman? Okay. it’s your money. It’s your money that’s still got you down here and you own half these buildings here, so okay.” She said, “Well, Patricia, if you’re going to open up a shop down here, you should go over across the street and talk to the black lady over there to see how she’s doing.” I said, “Why? Sarah, I don’t need that, because whatever they’re doing to her, I don’t need to hear her troubles and I’m not going to let any of you all do anything to me while I’m here. I’m from the North, Sarah.” She said, “I still think you should go over there.” I left there with a thorn. I still feel it, but it’s better now, because I get to say it to white people [laughs]. She was purposely sticking something to me. She knew she was doing it. She was laughing the whole time. That bothered me and it really discouraged me from even being downtown. I’m opening my shop over on Sanford Avenue across 25th Street. Sarah’s not invited [laughs]. Thompson Did you have other encounters with blacks or whites in Sanford that you knew when you lived here all those years? Black , at this time I’m not going to repeat any of it, because it’s not suitable for the audience. It was negative towards whites. I’m using that word, because I can and it’s true. Sanford as a city has done nothing but grown. It’s the people in Sanford—both black and white. When we speak about different situations, we’re talking about the whites. In our minds—well, they are in charge. Even if we did say “the city of Sanford,” we still mean “whites.” They had lots of opinions, but they were basically what we’ve shared about whites. Hardy Our house was next to the bushes, so there wasn’t anything else back there. There was a big ol’ yard. When I went outside—growing up, I can remember having no shirt on—short pants, barefoot. I can remember wearing a shirt, short pants, barefoot. I can remember standing in the road, because my aunt—she used to keep me, and I would always be outside when a story came on called Search for Tomorrow. Do you remember that? Thompson Yeah [laughs]. Take a look at this white hair. Hardy I remember that. Organ music and everything. And I would go outside, because I didn’t want to be inside the house—no way, no how—because it was on a black-and-white TV. I’d be outside and I’d look over there, because the house across the street was Mr. Jack and Mrs. Blanch’s. They were old folk. No one around was my age except Patricia and—and lived across the alley. Black There were other kids, but this is Tenth Street, but when you get to the stop sign, this is where I am. This is the end of Tenth Street—a dead end, actually. It was just he and I as children over here, so we all played together at some point. But at the end of the day, and even at the beginning of the day, it was he and I. Today, we are best friends. Hardy We got close. Black He can tell you what I looked like. He swears I had ponytails all the time. Hardy And it wasn’t hard to figure out who I was either. It was like this most of the time, because this is the only kind of haircut you got. [laughs] Some of the old ladies would plait them. They would take one piece of hair and make this long plait and they’d [inaudible] back and one back here—four big plaits and that was it. Black I always had plaits. Thompson Now, did she wear little dresses or would she wear shorts? Hardy She had a little dress on. Every now and then she’d come out with shorts. Black Well, at the age of seven, my mother taught me to sew. At the age of eight, I was doing well enough that, at 10, she bought me my own sewing machine. I would come home from Hopper around third or fourth grade, and all the kids would come out and gather together to go out and play. I would be finishing up my little halter and shorts, and I would go out in an outfit that I just made in 15 minutes. That’s when I would have on shorts. Yeah, but he’s my best friend. Thompson Did you ever see him play football? Black No. That was during the time we separated in spirit, due to the other part of my story. We separated even though we were still there. Thompson Talk about the separation. Black We didn’t see each other for about 50 years. Hardy We used to walk to school together. Young girls they grow up faster than we do, and they reach a certain point where they lose their mind. It’s just crazy. As young guys we’re like, “What’s the matter with them?” It’s because we don’t have that yet. It was me and you and a whole bunch of girls, and it got to the point where they were way ahead of me. I didn’t have a clue. I realized that something was going on, and at the age that I was, I didn’t want to be a part of it. We used to have to walk to school—talk about no bus. They said, “If you live two miles away, the bus will come.” Black We lived two blocks from the two miles. Hardy But they told us, “You guys can’t ride the bus,” so we walked. It was a trip. It got to the point where you would see people that lived right around the corner of the school get on the bus. They’d drive from the schoolhouse and drop them off. We used to walk. And they had gotten to the point where they had begun to walk fast, so me being the only guy, I knew something was different. You start growing up and you start looking in the mirror and you see them and you see yourself and you say, “Nah. I don’t fit. I’m not what they’re looking for.” When they sped up, I slowed down, because I just didn’t—you know, after you’re called “ugly” enough… Thompson You were shy. Hardy No. I went through school being called ugly, big head, big lips, big feet, and all this stuff. You know, after you hear that enough, you kind of think, “You know, I don’t want to deal with that.” Then I would purposely wait until I would see them turn the corner, and then I would walk on to school. When I got to Sanford Middle School, I already had a license. At 13 years old, I had a driver’s license. I had restriction at 13. I had operator’s at 14. All that walking was done once I got my license. One of my uncles had a car that was in the bushes and I wanted the car. He laughed me up under the porch. He laughed and laughed. And I stood there until he finally said, “You really want that car, don’t you?” He said, “If you could get it out of the bushes, you can have it.” I went and got my dad’s truck and pulled it out of the bushes. I carried it over to my house, and three days later, I drove it over to his house [laughs]. I had my driver’s license, and I taught my aunt, which was his wife—I taught her how to drive, because he’d try, but he’d freak out and holler at her. I taught her how to drive, so he loved me. I was driving his truck and he bought a Cadillac for her, and she was scared of that car. It was so big. I would drive the Cadillac. Woo, man. The car I pulled out of the bushes. I would drive that. It wasn’t a big deal. Thompson Okay. I want to hear a little more about the car. What kind it was and what you did to repair it? That became your life’s calling? Hardy I was fixing [inaudible] and lawnmowers since I was eight years old. I didn’t know why. All I knew was that I could do it. When I got the car—which was a ‘64 Oldsmobile Starfire—it was like a tank. It was cast iron. I was teaching her how to drive one day, and she just tore it all up. We didn’t have any insurance. Nothing wrong with the car. [laughs] The other car was all torn up and the owner said, “You could go. [laughs] It was a light blue ’64 Starfire. I got that thing running. I carried it home, rose up the hood, and started checking stuff out—spark plugs, distributor, wires, battery. and it didn’t take much. I put some gas in it and fired it up. He just gave up on it, basically. I think about that now that I run an automotive repair shop and think, “It just needed a tune-up.” It cut off on him and he went and pushed it into the bushes. I was driving in junior high school. So when they took off walking, I rode a bicycle for a while, and then I started walking. It wasn’t a big deal. I would see them walking on the other side of the road. Thompson And you didn’t even offer them a ride? Hardy No [laughs]. I was doing good[sic]. I was satisfied. I drove all the way through high school and everything. I always had something to drive. My dad used to have an old Chevy pickup. I used to drive that. I fixed it up for him. I didn’t realize that God put that gift in me until later—until I accepted him and got saved. I was reading the Bible—about [King] Solomon. When he was building the [First] Temple, he was trying to figure out, “Who’s going to help me?” Then God told him, “This guy over here knows about bricks, this guy knows about wood, etc.” I got to thinking and realized, “You did that.” [laughs] I thought that I was going to be the mailman after I got out of the army. I had taken the post office’s<a title="">[3]</a> exam. scored big time. After I came from taking the test, they told me, “You’ve got three interviews already.” I said, “Shoot. I’m going to be the mailman.” I had had about three tickets in the past. I went to Macon and they said, “Oh, you had these a long time ago. Just clear your racket and you’re good. Take the test and everything.” I go to my first interview, and the guy said, “It looks good, but you have too many tickets.” I said, “What do you mean I have ‘too many tickets?’ I talked to these people at Macon and they told me that my driving record is good.” He said, “Man, I can’t use you. You’ve got too many tickets.” I said, “I know what I’m going to do. I’m going back down to Macon to straighten this out.” I went back down to Macon and got another ticket. [laughs] Now I’m sitting there in the car, and I’m saying to myself, “Lord, what do you want me to do?” He said, “Go home. Enroll in school.” I went home and went to the schoolhouse and enrolled in school and I started the very next day. That’s what he wanted me to do, and I signed up for automotive technology. They thought that I was the best thing since ice cream. I was just doing what I know, and they were like, “Nobody like you has ever come through here.” I kept saying, “Man, all these mechanics...” They said, “Look, no one like you has ever come through here.” I would get my grades and throw them on the table. When it came time to graduate, the instructor walked up to me and gave me these papers and said, “Fill these out.” I looked at the papers and they said, “National Honors Society.” I said, “You got the wrong person. Wait a minute now. National Honors Society means that I’m going to wear a white gown. You got the wrong person.” The guy said, “No. you haven’t seen your grade point average.” I said, “Well, what is it?” He said, “It’s 4.2.” I said, “4.2? How do you get 4.2?” I built a car, and that’s how I got 4.2. This young lady and I were in the class, and I guess we were neck-to-neck and it got to the end of the class, and I said, “I’ll know what I’ll do. I’ll just build a car. You know, I’ll just put the engine in, and the transmission and everything.” They said, “You ain’t going to be able to do that.” I looked them and said, “Y’all don’t know.” I built that car and I didn’t realize they were looking at me, because I would go to the end of the hall, where the car was, so I could work on it. But they were looking. Finally, I finished it and I stood there and looked at it. I put the key in and fired it up and it looked like everybody came out of the woodwork and it looked like everybody came out and started clapping and everything. I was like, Wow. [laughs] So I filled out the papers and was part of the National Honors Society. I was floored. I didn’t think that was me. As they finished with the National Honors Society, they said, “Now we’re going to name the Student of the Year.” And they’re going on about this guy and they’re just talking about how great he is and how good he is and I’m saying to myself, This guy must be—goodness, boy. This guy really did good[sic]. They just kept talking until they said, “The Student of the Year is Billy Hardy.” And I’m sitting there and they’re just clapping and hollering, and I’m sitting there, because it didn’t hit me yet. and somebody said to me, “They just called your name.” I looked around at the instructor and walked up to the podium and said, “Y’all said all that about me?” I was like, Wow. I’ve been doing it ever since he blessed me to open up a shop. I worked at the dealership and a couple of other shops and then he blessed me with my own shop. Thompson Were you in contact with him when he was in the service? Black No. It really was 50 years. It was 50 years last year since we saw each other. It’s been a year now. Hardy When I left, I left. I’d come home and ride in and ride out. Black I wouldn’t see him though. We still lived in the same places, but we didn’t contact each other. The separation was my doing. I did it because of what was going on in my home. He and I were so close that I knew what he knew. The separation was me not wanting to ruin him by telling him what was happening to me all those years. Thompson Okay. If you want to tell that. We have 14 minutes left. Black I’m the one that started to walk ahead. I would look over the corner to see if he had come out. If he hadn’t, I would shoot out so I would be ahead. That was because I decided not to tell him what was going on. He was quiet and I could just tell he wouldn’t have known what to do with that information. This had already been happening to me for six years at that point, and we had played together up until that point, so I had to make a decision. It wasn’t until all these years later that I could tell him why. Thompson You can tell that if you’d like to. Black I had been being molested every week by a family friend in my home or wherever he would drive me to. At one point, Billy and I were playing and he dared me not to do something to him. and I was always hitting on him and everything, because he’s always been a whole lot bigger than me and he dared me this time. He always let me have my way, but this time he was saying, “Oh, you better not do that.” I knew he was serious, but I also knew I was his girl and he was going to let me get away with it. so I did real quickly and I ran across to my yard and he came running after me. The guy that was molesting me was standing there and I ran into the house and as Billy was running to come up behind me, the man hit him. and when I looked back I realized the man was really fixed on me. Billy got up to come after me again, not knowing why this strong man that he didn’t know would punch him like that, and he punched him again. so I knew I had to leave him alone. I made the decision to walk ahead. Thompson Did he hurt him? Hardy He hit me pretty good. I was just a little fella. If I find him again—I don’t know. I remember clearly how he did that, and I couldn’t have done anything, because this guy was swinging some hammers. He knocked me down about three times and the only thing I could do was get up and go home, you know? Black I couldn’t look anymore. I didn’t know what to do. I didn’t know if to tell him that this is what the guy was doing. For me, I let Billy go. I didn’t want to mess him up or leave him thinking he had to save me or something, so I did that. The girls didn’t do that. I was the one that said, “Here comes Billy. Walk a little faster.” The girls didn’t even know why. It was very painful for both of us. At the age of six, he and I were playing make-believe, and the aunt that he was talking about saw us and called my mother. And at six years old, I got the beating of my life. It was my molester that went and caught me and brought me back, and my mother beat me with a leather belt. and when she stopped swinging me around, I got introduced to shame. The guy was standing there and he watched me get the beating, and from there, he began to touch me and became my friend. So I thought I was saving Billy at that time. We would still go to school, but we ignored the feelings we had for each other. We were in love at six years old. We went to the store on one of the lawnmowers that he hadn’t fixed yet. I have no idea where I learned any of that from. But for me, the separation was very difficult. because your friend doesn’t know what is going on and I just couldn’t tell him or anybody else. Thompson And for how long did that go on? Black For 11 years. I was 17. By the time. But by that time, our lives had gone in different directions. Thompson When did you go to the military? Hardy In ’76. After football season I said, “It’s time to go.” Black I never did try to contact him all these years. I wouldn’t ask his sisters or anybody where he was. I just always prayed to God that one day, I could see him again. and, lo and behold, that was last year. It was always in me, because the day after, he never asked me, “What happened to you?” We never asked each other that. I believe that if he had asked me that, it would have given me a chance to say. But since we didn’t—by the time we’re 12, I’m trying to protect him. I had determined, through all those years, that if my name ever came out of his mouth, I would go. It was 50 years later, and he was talking to a cousin, and he asked about me and she called me in New York and told me, “Billy was asking about you. He wants your number.” And I asked, “My Billy?” She said, “Yeah.” I said, “Billy boy? My Billy boy?” And I started to cry and asked her, “’Tricia, is it my Billy boy?” And she kept saying, “Yes.” Even she knew what it was. She asked, “Do you want me to give him your number?” I said, “No. give me his.” It had been long enough. I called him immediately, and, probably to his annoyance, I called him every day since then [laughs]. My father owned a school bus, a big truck, and a car. The bus was to carry the people up North and the yard was always full. The backyard was where Daddy kept all his vehicles was actually right in his view. Hardy So I knew when they came from up North. When the trucks and the buses were out there, I knew she was back. We were like Forrest Gump and Jenny [laughs]. Thompson This was just wonderful and I’d love to do it again. <div> <div> <a title="">[1]</a> George [Michael] Zimmerman. </div> <div> <a title="">[2]</a> Next to the Sanford Atlantic Bank. </div> <div> <a title="">[3]</a> United States Postal Service (USPS). </div> </div> 10th Street 11th Street 1st Street 25th Street African Americans Army Bay Avenue Bigham, Patricia Ann Black Black, Patricia Ann car Celery Avenue Celery Soup: Florida's Folk Life Play child molestation Clemens, Jimmy Columbus, Georgia Creative Sanford, Inc. Crooms Academy Crooms High School desegregation Eleventh Street First Street football Hardy, Bill Hopper Academy Howard, Pat integration Jacobson, Manuel Jacobson, Sarah Jones, Willie Lakeview Middle School Martin, Trayvon Benjamin Mellonville Avenue migrant worker miscegenation National Honor Society New York NHS North Rose Wolcott School Oldsmobile Starfire Operation Desert Storm oral history race relations Rexall Rochester, New York Roman-Toro, Freddie Sanford Sanford Avenue Sanford Junior High School Sanford Middle School school segregation Seminole High School sexual abuse taboo Tenth Street Thompson, Trish U.S. Route 17-92 veteran https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/d7c9262e05bd56bdb7c685b137447608.jpg 909daa5ad8c1473a5421312e1a708ef8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Orlando Collection Description The Orlando area was originally occupied by the Creek and Seminole tribes. In 1838, Fort Gatlin was erected on the shores of Lake Gatlin, just a few miles south of present-day Downtown Orlando. Centered around Church Street, Orlando became a city in 1884. Originally a cattle town, Orlando grew into a major citrus growing center by the 1920s. The city continued to grow during the Great Depression with aid from the Work Progress Administration (WPA). During World War II, Orlando became a major military center as well, with the development of the McCoy Air Force Base and Pinecastle Air Force Base, and with the addition of the Naval Training Center (NTC) Orlando in 1968. Downtown Orlando declined in the 1960s and 1970s. Redevelopment began in the 1970s and continued into the 1980s, with projects such as the Church Street Station entertainment complex. In 1998, a building boom began and continued through the 2000s. Contributor Cook, Thomas Cepero, Nancy Lynn Cepero, Laura Lynn Alternative Title Orlando Collection Subject Orlando (Fla.) Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/46" target="_blank">Orange County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Orlando, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference Antequino, Stephanie Gaub, and Tana Mosier Porter. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783150094" target="_blank">Lost Orlando</a>. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Pub, 2012. Rajtar, Steve. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70911136" target="_blank">A Guide to Historic Orlando</a>. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2006. "<a href="http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Historic District Walking Tour</a>." City of Orlando. http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf. Has Format <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/69" target="_blank">Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/106" target="_blank">Orlando Remembered Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/126" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Information Center Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/110" target="_blank">Orlando Public Library Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/111" target="_blank">Orlando Regions Bank Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title 25th Anniversary at Magic Kingdom Alternative Title Magic Kingdom Anniversary Subject Lake Buena Vista (Fla.) Theme parks Description The 25th Anniversary at the Magic Kingdom, located at 1180 Seven Seas Drive. In the first row, from left to right, are Bobby Lenahan (b. 1995) and Laura Lynn Cepero (b. 1987). The second row shows Alicia Lynn Cepero (b. 1975), Lynn Lenahan, and Dennis Cepero (b. 1986). Robert Lenahan can be seen standing in the back. The Magic Kingdom is a theme park at the Walt Disney World Resort in Lake Buena Vista, Florida. Construction for the resort began in 1967, following the death of Walt Disney (1901-1966). Magic Kingdom was the first park of the Walt Disney Resort to open on October 1, 1971. The park included 33 attractions in six themed areas: Main Street U.S.A., Adventureland, Frontierland, Fantasyland, Tomorrowland, and Liberty Square. Mickey's Toontown Fair was added in 1988, originally as a temporarily area called Mickey's Birthdayland to celebrate the character's 60th birthday. Later, the area was renovated as Mickey's Starland and eventually renamed Mickey's Toontown Fair. Type Still Image Source Original color photograph, 1997: Private Collection of Nancy Lynn Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/20" target="_blank">Orlando Collection</a>, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color photograph, 1997. Coverage Magic Kingdom, Walt Disney World, Lake Buena Vista, Florida Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Date Created ca. 1997-11 Format image/jpg Extent 143 KB Medium 1 color photograph Language eng Mediator History Teacher Geography Teacher Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Nancy Lynn Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="https://disneyworld.disney.go.com/destinations/magic-kingdom/" target="_blank">Magic Kingdom Park</a>." Walt Disney World. https://disneyworld.disney.go.com/destinations/magic-kingdom/. Watts, Steven. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/37331494" target="_blank">The Magic Kingdom: Walt Disney and the American Way of Life</a>. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1997. Transcript 25 Alicia Lynn Cepero anniversaries anniversary Bob Lenahan Bobby Lenahan Dennis Cepero Lake Buena Vista Laura Lynn Cepero Lynn Lenahan Lynn Sabatino Magic Kingdom orlando Rob Lenahan Robert James Lenahan, Jr. Robert James Lenahan, Sr. theme parks Walt Disney World https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/eb6113fa771d71d6385d818555941178.jpg ace0909c9a745b10fc5583705f26313e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Orlando Collection Description The Orlando area was originally occupied by the Creek and Seminole tribes. In 1838, Fort Gatlin was erected on the shores of Lake Gatlin, just a few miles south of present-day Downtown Orlando. Centered around Church Street, Orlando became a city in 1884. Originally a cattle town, Orlando grew into a major citrus growing center by the 1920s. The city continued to grow during the Great Depression with aid from the Work Progress Administration (WPA). During World War II, Orlando became a major military center as well, with the development of the McCoy Air Force Base and Pinecastle Air Force Base, and with the addition of the Naval Training Center (NTC) Orlando in 1968. Downtown Orlando declined in the 1960s and 1970s. Redevelopment began in the 1970s and continued into the 1980s, with projects such as the Church Street Station entertainment complex. In 1998, a building boom began and continued through the 2000s. Contributor Cook, Thomas Cepero, Nancy Lynn Cepero, Laura Lynn Alternative Title Orlando Collection Subject Orlando (Fla.) Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/46" target="_blank">Orange County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Orlando, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference Antequino, Stephanie Gaub, and Tana Mosier Porter. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783150094" target="_blank">Lost Orlando</a>. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Pub, 2012. Rajtar, Steve. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70911136" target="_blank">A Guide to Historic Orlando</a>. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2006. "<a href="http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Historic District Walking Tour</a>." City of Orlando. http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf. Has Format <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/69" target="_blank">Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/106" target="_blank">Orlando Remembered Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/126" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Information Center Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/110" target="_blank">Orlando Public Library Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/111" target="_blank">Orlando Regions Bank Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Alligators at Gatorland, 1996 Alternative Title Gatorland Alligators Subject Orlando (Fla.) Wildlife preserves Alligators--Florida Description Alligators at Gatorland, located at 14501 South Orange Blossom Trail in Orlando, Florida, in 1996. Gatorland is a theme park and wildlife preserve founded by Owen Godwin in 1949. In 1962, Godwin's son, Frank Godwin, designed an entrance in the shape of a large gator jaw, which has become a Central Florida icon known as The Mouth. Type Still Image Source Original color photograph, 1996: Private Collection of Nancy Lynn Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/20" target="_blank">Orlando Collection</a>, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color photograph, 1996. Coverage Gatorland, Orlando, Florida Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Date Created ca. 1996-02 Format image/jpg Extent 160 KB Medium 1 color photograph Mediator History Teacher Geography Teacher Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Nancy Lynn Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/audio/Ep34-Attractions.mp3" target="_blank">Episode 34: Disney and Smaller Attractions</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/audio/Ep34-Attractions.mp3. "<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/audio/Ep10-TheMouth.mp3" target="_blank">Episode 10: The Mouth: Central Florida Tourism Icon</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/audio/Ep10-TheMouth.mp3. "<a href="http://www.gatorland.com/files/History%20Page%20for%20linking%20purposes.pdf" target="_blank">From Tails to Tales</a>." Gatorland. http://www.gatorland.com/files/History%20Page%20for%20linking%20purposes.pdf. Godwin, Frank. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/6778892" target="_blank">Gatorland Zoo: World's Largest Alligator Far: A Book About Alligators and Gatorland Zoo</a>. Kissimmee, Fla: Godwin's Gatorland, 1979. alligators Gatorland gators orlando wildlife preserves https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/3784770623c03a6b4a405252a646acc1.jpg 8e6713e413e8852b31137b306a2f1e21 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Orlando Collection Description The Orlando area was originally occupied by the Creek and Seminole tribes. In 1838, Fort Gatlin was erected on the shores of Lake Gatlin, just a few miles south of present-day Downtown Orlando. Centered around Church Street, Orlando became a city in 1884. Originally a cattle town, Orlando grew into a major citrus growing center by the 1920s. The city continued to grow during the Great Depression with aid from the Work Progress Administration (WPA). During World War II, Orlando became a major military center as well, with the development of the McCoy Air Force Base and Pinecastle Air Force Base, and with the addition of the Naval Training Center (NTC) Orlando in 1968. Downtown Orlando declined in the 1960s and 1970s. Redevelopment began in the 1970s and continued into the 1980s, with projects such as the Church Street Station entertainment complex. In 1998, a building boom began and continued through the 2000s. Contributor Cook, Thomas Cepero, Nancy Lynn Cepero, Laura Lynn Alternative Title Orlando Collection Subject Orlando (Fla.) Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/46" target="_blank">Orange County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Orlando, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference Antequino, Stephanie Gaub, and Tana Mosier Porter. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783150094" target="_blank">Lost Orlando</a>. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Pub, 2012. Rajtar, Steve. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70911136" target="_blank">A Guide to Historic Orlando</a>. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2006. "<a href="http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Historic District Walking Tour</a>." City of Orlando. http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf. Has Format <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/69" target="_blank">Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/106" target="_blank">Orlando Remembered Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/126" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Information Center Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/110" target="_blank">Orlando Public Library Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/111" target="_blank">Orlando Regions Bank Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Jurassic Park T-Rex Attack at Universal Studios Florida, 1997 Alternative Title Jurassic Park T-Rex Attack Subject Orlando (Fla.) Theme parks Description Jurassic Park T-Rex Attack at Universal Studios Florida, located at 6000 Universal Boulevard in Orlando, Florida, in 1997. From left to right in the photograph are Dennis Cepero (b. 1986), Bobby Lenahan (b. 1995), Laura Lynn Cepero (b. 1987), and Alicia Lynn Cepero (b. 1975). Lenahan is a maternal cousin of the Cepero siblings. Universal Studios Florida, a movie and television-theme amusement park, opened on June 7,1990. Design began in 1982, with plans to include a working studio. However, the project was put on hold until 1986. The park originally featured several themed areas: "In Production" (Front Lot and Production Central), "Now Shooting" (New York), "On Location" (San Francisco and Amity), and "The World of CineMagic Center" (Expo Center). In 1998, Universal began expanding its property to include Islands of Adventure. Type Still Image Source Original color photograph, 1997: Private Collection of Nancy Lynn Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/20" target="_blank">Orlando Collection</a>, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color photograph, 1997. Coverage Universal Studios Florida, Orlando, Florida Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Date Created ca. 1997-12 Format image/jpg Extent 151 KB Medium 1 color photograph Language eng Mediator History Teacher Geography Teacher Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Nancy Lynn Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="https://www.universalorlando.com/Theme_Parks/Universal_Studios_Orlando/universal_studios_florida.aspx" target="_blank">Universal Studios Florida</a>." Universal Studios Florida. https://www.universalorlando.com/Theme_Parks/Universal_Studios_Orlando/universal_studios_florida.aspx. "<a href="http://www.orlandovacation.com/universal-studios/articles/universal-theme-park-history/" target="_blank">History of Universal Orlando</a>." OrlandoVacation.com. http://www.orlandovacation.com/universal-studios/articles/universal-theme-park-history/. Transcript HAVE YOUR PHOTO TAKEN WITH T-REX! JURASSIC PARK T-REX ATTACK! EXIT ONLY Alicia Lynn Cepero Bobby Lenahan Dennis Cepero Jurassic Park Laura Lynn Cepero orlando Robert James Lenahan, Jr. T. rex theme parks tyrannosaurus rex Universal Studios Florida https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/326c42e4fbd59dbb9cbbcef2b9d4b6ea.jpg b055cd234cc895d8a221b2d44c864e1f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Orlando Collection Description The Orlando area was originally occupied by the Creek and Seminole tribes. In 1838, Fort Gatlin was erected on the shores of Lake Gatlin, just a few miles south of present-day Downtown Orlando. Centered around Church Street, Orlando became a city in 1884. Originally a cattle town, Orlando grew into a major citrus growing center by the 1920s. The city continued to grow during the Great Depression with aid from the Work Progress Administration (WPA). During World War II, Orlando became a major military center as well, with the development of the McCoy Air Force Base and Pinecastle Air Force Base, and with the addition of the Naval Training Center (NTC) Orlando in 1968. Downtown Orlando declined in the 1960s and 1970s. Redevelopment began in the 1970s and continued into the 1980s, with projects such as the Church Street Station entertainment complex. In 1998, a building boom began and continued through the 2000s. Contributor Cook, Thomas Cepero, Nancy Lynn Cepero, Laura Lynn Alternative Title Orlando Collection Subject Orlando (Fla.) Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/46" target="_blank">Orange County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Orlando, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference Antequino, Stephanie Gaub, and Tana Mosier Porter. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783150094" target="_blank">Lost Orlando</a>. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Pub, 2012. Rajtar, Steve. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70911136" target="_blank">A Guide to Historic Orlando</a>. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2006. "<a href="http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Historic District Walking Tour</a>." City of Orlando. http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf. Has Format <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/69" target="_blank">Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/106" target="_blank">Orlando Remembered Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/126" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Information Center Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/110" target="_blank">Orlando Public Library Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/111" target="_blank">Orlando Regions Bank Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Universal Studios Florida, 1997 Alternative Title Universal Studios Subject Orlando (Fla.) Theme parks Description Universal Studios Florida, located at 6000 Universal Boulevard in Orlando, Florida, in 1997. Universal Studios Florida, a movie and television-theme amusement park, opened on June 7,1990. Design began in 1982, with plans to include a working studio. However, the project was put on hold until 1986. The park originally featured several themed areas: "In Production" (Front Lot and Production Central), "Now Shooting" (New York), "On Location" (San Francisco and Amity), and "The World of CineMagic Center" (Expo Center). In 1998, Universal began expanding its property to include Islands of Adventure. Type Still Image Source Original color photograph, 1997: Private Collection of Nancy Lynn Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/20" target="_blank">Orlando Collection</a>, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color photograph, 1997. Coverage Universal Studios Florida, Orlando, Florida Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Date Created ca. 1997-12 Format image/jpg Extent 124 KB Medium 1 color photograph Language eng Mediator History Teacher Geography Teacher Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Nancy Lynn Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="https://www.universalorlando.com/Theme_Parks/Universal_Studios_Orlando/universal_studios_florida.aspx" target="_blank">Universal Studios Florida</a>." Universal Studios Florida. https://www.universalorlando.com/Theme_Parks/Universal_Studios_Orlando/universal_studios_florida.aspx. "<a href="http://www.orlandovacation.com/universal-studios/articles/universal-theme-park-history/" target="_blank">History of Universal Orlando</a>." OrlandoVacation.com. http://www.orlandovacation.com/universal-studios/articles/universal-theme-park-history/. Transcript UNIVERSAL STUDIOS orlando theme parks Universal Studios Florida https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/52cc7c9e4d256d8a655f8230581e97da.jpg 8ec5da1fc8012b0bdcbd7091db687913 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Orlando Collection Description The Orlando area was originally occupied by the Creek and Seminole tribes. In 1838, Fort Gatlin was erected on the shores of Lake Gatlin, just a few miles south of present-day Downtown Orlando. Centered around Church Street, Orlando became a city in 1884. Originally a cattle town, Orlando grew into a major citrus growing center by the 1920s. The city continued to grow during the Great Depression with aid from the Work Progress Administration (WPA). During World War II, Orlando became a major military center as well, with the development of the McCoy Air Force Base and Pinecastle Air Force Base, and with the addition of the Naval Training Center (NTC) Orlando in 1968. Downtown Orlando declined in the 1960s and 1970s. Redevelopment began in the 1970s and continued into the 1980s, with projects such as the Church Street Station entertainment complex. In 1998, a building boom began and continued through the 2000s. Contributor Cook, Thomas Cepero, Nancy Lynn Cepero, Laura Lynn Alternative Title Orlando Collection Subject Orlando (Fla.) Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/46" target="_blank">Orange County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Orlando, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference Antequino, Stephanie Gaub, and Tana Mosier Porter. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783150094" target="_blank">Lost Orlando</a>. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Pub, 2012. Rajtar, Steve. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70911136" target="_blank">A Guide to Historic Orlando</a>. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2006. "<a href="http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Historic District Walking Tour</a>." City of Orlando. http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf. Has Format <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/69" target="_blank">Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/106" target="_blank">Orlando Remembered Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/126" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Information Center Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/110" target="_blank">Orlando Public Library Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/111" target="_blank">Orlando Regions Bank Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Back to the Future DeLorean DMC-12 at Universal Studios Florida, 1994 Alternative Title Back to the Future DeLorean Subject Orlando (Fla.) Theme parks Description Dennis Cepero in front of the Back to the Future DeLorean DMC-12 at Universal Studios Florida, located at 6000 Universal Boulevard in Orlando, Florida, in 1994. Universal Studios Florida, a movie and television-theme amusement park, opened on June 7,1990. Design began in 1982, with plans to include a working studio. However, the project was put on hold until 1986. The park originally featured several themed areas: "In Production" (Front Lot and Production Central), "Now Shooting" (New York), "On Location" (San Francisco and Amity), and "The World of CineMagic Center" (Expo Center). In 1998, Universal began expanding its property to include Islands of Adventure. Type Still Image Source Original color photograph, 1994: Private Collection of Nancy Lynn Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/20" target="_blank">Orlando Collection</a>, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color photograph, 1994. Coverage Universal Studios Florida, Orlando, Florida Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Date Created ca. 1994-07 Format image/jpg Extent 167 KB Medium 1 color photograph Language eng Mediator History Teacher Geography Teacher Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Nancy Lynn Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="https://www.universalorlando.com/Theme_Parks/Universal_Studios_Orlando/universal_studios_florida.aspx" target="_blank">Universal Studios Florida</a>." Universal Studios Florida. https://www.universalorlando.com/Theme_Parks/Universal_Studios_Orlando/universal_studios_florida.aspx. "<a href="http://www.orlandovacation.com/universal-studios/articles/universal-theme-park-history/" target="_blank">History of Universal Orlando</a>." OrlandoVacation.com. http://www.orlandovacation.com/universal-studios/articles/universal-theme-park-history/. Transcript GOODYEAR EAGLE GT Back to the Future DeLorean DMC-12 Dennis Cepero orlando theme parks Universal Studios Florida https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/b76b198be2d60b2ae82581898f983e13.jpg 5df248dc8836bee169d29d6c83d8c39e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Orlando Collection Description The Orlando area was originally occupied by the Creek and Seminole tribes. In 1838, Fort Gatlin was erected on the shores of Lake Gatlin, just a few miles south of present-day Downtown Orlando. Centered around Church Street, Orlando became a city in 1884. Originally a cattle town, Orlando grew into a major citrus growing center by the 1920s. The city continued to grow during the Great Depression with aid from the Work Progress Administration (WPA). During World War II, Orlando became a major military center as well, with the development of the McCoy Air Force Base and Pinecastle Air Force Base, and with the addition of the Naval Training Center (NTC) Orlando in 1968. Downtown Orlando declined in the 1960s and 1970s. Redevelopment began in the 1970s and continued into the 1980s, with projects such as the Church Street Station entertainment complex. In 1998, a building boom began and continued through the 2000s. Contributor Cook, Thomas Cepero, Nancy Lynn Cepero, Laura Lynn Alternative Title Orlando Collection Subject Orlando (Fla.) Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/46" target="_blank">Orange County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Orlando, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference Antequino, Stephanie Gaub, and Tana Mosier Porter. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783150094" target="_blank">Lost Orlando</a>. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Pub, 2012. Rajtar, Steve. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70911136" target="_blank">A Guide to Historic Orlando</a>. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2006. "<a href="http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Historic District Walking Tour</a>." City of Orlando. http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf. Has Format <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/69" target="_blank">Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/106" target="_blank">Orlando Remembered Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/126" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Information Center Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/110" target="_blank">Orlando Public Library Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/111" target="_blank">Orlando Regions Bank Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Jaws at Universal Studios Florida, 1991 Alternative Title Jaws at Universal Subject Orlando (Fla.) Theme parks Sharks--Florida Description The Jaws ride at Universal Studios Florida, located at 6000 Universal Boulevard in Orlando, Florida, in 1991. Universal Studios Florida, a movie- and television-themed amusement park, opened on June 7,1990. Design began in 1982, with plans to include a working studio. However, the project was put on hold until 1986. The park originally featured several themed areas: "In Production" (Front Lot and Production Central), "Now Shooting" (New York), "On Location" (San Francisco and Amity), and "The World of CineMagic Center" (Expo Center). This ride is based on the film Jaws and opened the same date as the park. Jaws and the Amity area of the park permanently closed on January 2, 2012, in order to make room for Diagon Alley, an area based on the Harry Potter film series. Type Still Image Source Original color photograph, 1991: Private Collection of Nancy Lynn Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/20" target="_blank">Orlando Collection</a>, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color photograph, 1991. Coverage Jaws, Universal Studios Florida, Orlando, Florida Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Date Created ca. 1991-03 Format image/jpg Extent 122 KB Medium 1 color photograph Language eng Mediator History Teacher Geography Teacher Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Nancy Lynn Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="https://www.universalorlando.com/Theme_Parks/Universal_Studios_Orlando/universal_studios_florida.aspx" target="_blank">Universal Studios Florida</a>." Universal Studios Florida. https://www.universalorlando.com/Theme_Parks/Universal_Studios_Orlando/universal_studios_florida.aspx. "<a href="http://www.orlandovacation.com/universal-studios/articles/universal-theme-park-history/" target="_blank">History of Universal Orlando</a>." OrlandoVacation.com. http://www.orlandovacation.com/universal-studios/articles/universal-theme-park-history/. great white sharks Jaws orlando theme parks Universal Studios Florida https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/d2e31459b5122dc3405e0a7d9e740902.jpg b097568a6d7f74a773d18a9de6fced57 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Orlando Collection Description The Orlando area was originally occupied by the Creek and Seminole tribes. In 1838, Fort Gatlin was erected on the shores of Lake Gatlin, just a few miles south of present-day Downtown Orlando. Centered around Church Street, Orlando became a city in 1884. Originally a cattle town, Orlando grew into a major citrus growing center by the 1920s. The city continued to grow during the Great Depression with aid from the Work Progress Administration (WPA). During World War II, Orlando became a major military center as well, with the development of the McCoy Air Force Base and Pinecastle Air Force Base, and with the addition of the Naval Training Center (NTC) Orlando in 1968. Downtown Orlando declined in the 1960s and 1970s. Redevelopment began in the 1970s and continued into the 1980s, with projects such as the Church Street Station entertainment complex. In 1998, a building boom began and continued through the 2000s. Contributor Cook, Thomas Cepero, Nancy Lynn Cepero, Laura Lynn Alternative Title Orlando Collection Subject Orlando (Fla.) Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/46" target="_blank">Orange County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Orlando, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference Antequino, Stephanie Gaub, and Tana Mosier Porter. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783150094" target="_blank">Lost Orlando</a>. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Pub, 2012. Rajtar, Steve. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70911136" target="_blank">A Guide to Historic Orlando</a>. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2006. "<a href="http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Historic District Walking Tour</a>." City of Orlando. http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf. Has Format <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/69" target="_blank">Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/106" target="_blank">Orlando Remembered Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/126" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Information Center Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/110" target="_blank">Orlando Public Library Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/111" target="_blank">Orlando Regions Bank Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Back to the Future DeLorean DMC-12 at Universal Studios Florida, 1991 Alternative Title Back to the Future DeLorean Subject Orlando (Fla.) Theme parks Description David Cepero (b. 1978) and Alicia Lynn Cepero (b. 1975) in front of the Back to the Future DeLorean DMC-12 at Universal Studios Florida, located at 6000 Universal Boulevard in Orlando, Florida, in 1991. Also seen in the photograph is the entrance of the Phantom of the Opera Horror Make-Up Show. Universal Studios Florida, a movie- and television-themed amusement park, opened on June 7,1990. Design began in 1982, with plans to include a working studio. However, the project was put on hold until 1986. The park originally featured several themed areas: "In Production" (Front Lot and Production Central), "Now Shooting" (New York), "On Location" (San Francisco and Amity), and "The World of CineMagic Center" (Expo Center). In 1998, Universal began expanding its property to include Islands of Adventure. Type Still Image Source Original color photograph, 1991: Private Collection of Nancy Lynn Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/20" target="_blank">Orlando Collection</a>, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color photograph, 1991. Coverage Universal Studios Florida, Orlando, Florida Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Date Created ca. 1991-03 Format image/jpg Extent 182 KB Medium 1 color photograph Language eng Mediator History Teacher Geography Teacher Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Nancy Lynn Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="https://www.universalorlando.com/Theme_Parks/Universal_Studios_Orlando/universal_studios_florida.aspx" target="_blank">Universal Studios Florida</a>." Universal Studios Florida. https://www.universalorlando.com/Theme_Parks/Universal_Studios_Orlando/universal_studios_florida.aspx. "<a href="http://www.orlandovacation.com/universal-studios/articles/universal-theme-park-history/" target="_blank">History of Universal Orlando</a>." OrlandoVacation.com. http://www.orlandovacation.com/universal-studios/articles/universal-theme-park-history/. Transcript PANTAGES PHANTOM[?] OF THE OPERA HORROR[?] MAKE UP SHOW MONTMARTE Alicia Lynn Cepero Back to the Future David Cepero DeLorean DMC-12 Montmartre orlando Phantom of the Opera Horror Make-Up Show The Phantom of the Opera theme parks Universal Studios Florida https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/121a41a9fc85d896471a235d651f56eb.jpg 988030b98c2ffc0e281f8249def55a1d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Orlando Collection Description The Orlando area was originally occupied by the Creek and Seminole tribes. In 1838, Fort Gatlin was erected on the shores of Lake Gatlin, just a few miles south of present-day Downtown Orlando. Centered around Church Street, Orlando became a city in 1884. Originally a cattle town, Orlando grew into a major citrus growing center by the 1920s. The city continued to grow during the Great Depression with aid from the Work Progress Administration (WPA). During World War II, Orlando became a major military center as well, with the development of the McCoy Air Force Base and Pinecastle Air Force Base, and with the addition of the Naval Training Center (NTC) Orlando in 1968. Downtown Orlando declined in the 1960s and 1970s. Redevelopment began in the 1970s and continued into the 1980s, with projects such as the Church Street Station entertainment complex. In 1998, a building boom began and continued through the 2000s. Contributor Cook, Thomas Cepero, Nancy Lynn Cepero, Laura Lynn Alternative Title Orlando Collection Subject Orlando (Fla.) Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/46" target="_blank">Orange County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Orlando, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference Antequino, Stephanie Gaub, and Tana Mosier Porter. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783150094" target="_blank">Lost Orlando</a>. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Pub, 2012. Rajtar, Steve. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70911136" target="_blank">A Guide to Historic Orlando</a>. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2006. "<a href="http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Historic District Walking Tour</a>." City of Orlando. http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf. Has Format <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/69" target="_blank">Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/106" target="_blank">Orlando Remembered Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/126" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Information Center Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/110" target="_blank">Orlando Public Library Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/111" target="_blank">Orlando Regions Bank Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Sea Lions at SeaWorld Orlando, 1974 Alternative Title Sea Lions at SeaWorld Subject Orlando (Fla.) Theme parks Sea lions Description Sea lions at SeaWorld Orlando, located at 7007 Sea World Drive in Orlando, Florida, in 1974. SeaWorld Orlando was first established by Milton C. Sheed, Ken Norris, David Demott, and George Malay in San Diego, California, in 1964. SeaWorld Orlando opened its third location on December 15, 1973, shortly after the opening of Walt Disney World. In 1976, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc. (HBJ), which also owned Cypress Gardens and Boardwalk and Baseball, purchased the company. However, fearing bankruptcy in the late 1980s, HBJ eventually sold all six parks to the Anheuser-Busch Company in 1989. SeaWorld Orlando also has locations in Ohio and Illinois. Type Still Image Source Original color photograph, 1974: Private Collection of Nancy Lynn Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/20" target="_blank">Orlando Collection</a>, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color photograph, 1974. Coverage SeaWorld Orlando, Orlando, Florida Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Date Created ca. 1974-10 Format image/jpg Extent 139 KB Medium 1 color photograph Language eng Mediator History Teacher Geography Teacher Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Nancy Lynn Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="/SeaWorld%20Orlando-orlando/" target="_blank">SeaWorld Orlando Orlando</a>." SeaWorld Orlando. http://SeaWorld Orlandoparks.com/SeaWorld Orlando-orlando/. Niles, Robert. "<a href="http://www.themeparkinsider.com/flume/201308/3587/" target="_blank">Theme park history: A short history of SeaWorld Orlando Orlando</a>." August 1, 2013. Theme Park Insider. http://www.themeparkinsider.com/flume/201308/3587/. "<a href="http://www.moderndayruins.com/2008/01/disneys-river-country.html" target="_blank">SeaWorld Orlando Abandoned</a>." Modern Day Ruins. http://www.moderndayruins.com/2008/01/disneys-river-country.html. Transcript KENNY ROGERS [illegible] Kenneth Ray Rogers Kenny Rogers orlando sea lions SeaWorld Orlando theme parks https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/20353576f67f1e05da241827b7fd3f26.jpg 8c0ba22c554445d7470d2a18ce70dafd https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/3e8abbc30bc8c5e7725dafe67ae8b201.jpg 675e6f8212aab23d96bbf8febaa5ab82 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Orlando Collection Description The Orlando area was originally occupied by the Creek and Seminole tribes. In 1838, Fort Gatlin was erected on the shores of Lake Gatlin, just a few miles south of present-day Downtown Orlando. Centered around Church Street, Orlando became a city in 1884. Originally a cattle town, Orlando grew into a major citrus growing center by the 1920s. The city continued to grow during the Great Depression with aid from the Work Progress Administration (WPA). During World War II, Orlando became a major military center as well, with the development of the McCoy Air Force Base and Pinecastle Air Force Base, and with the addition of the Naval Training Center (NTC) Orlando in 1968. Downtown Orlando declined in the 1960s and 1970s. Redevelopment began in the 1970s and continued into the 1980s, with projects such as the Church Street Station entertainment complex. In 1998, a building boom began and continued through the 2000s. Contributor Cook, Thomas Cepero, Nancy Lynn Cepero, Laura Lynn Alternative Title Orlando Collection Subject Orlando (Fla.) Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/46" target="_blank">Orange County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Orlando, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference Antequino, Stephanie Gaub, and Tana Mosier Porter. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783150094" target="_blank">Lost Orlando</a>. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Pub, 2012. Rajtar, Steve. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70911136" target="_blank">A Guide to Historic Orlando</a>. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2006. "<a href="http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Historic District Walking Tour</a>." City of Orlando. http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf. Has Format <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/69" target="_blank">Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/106" target="_blank">Orlando Remembered Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/126" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Information Center Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/110" target="_blank">Orlando Public Library Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/111" target="_blank">Orlando Regions Bank Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Killer Whale at SeaWorld Orlando, 1974 Alternative Title Killer Whale at SeaWorld Orlando Subject Orlando (Fla.) Theme parks Whales--Florida Description Killer whale at SeaWorld Orlando, located at 7007 Sea World Drive in Orlando, Florida, in 1974. SeaWorld Orlando was first established by Milton C. Sheed, Ken Norris, David Demott, and George Malay in San Diego, California, in 1964. SeaWorld Orlando opened its third location on December 15, 1973, shortly after the opening of Walt Disney World. In 1976, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc. (HBJ), which also owned Cypress Gardens and Boardwalk and Baseball, purchased the company. However, fearing bankruptcy in the late 1980s, HBJ eventually sold all six parks to the Anheuser-Busch Company in 1989. SeaWorld Orlando also has locations in Ohio and Illinois. Type Still Image Source Original color photographs, 1974: Private Collection of Nancy Lynn Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/20" target="_blank">Orlando Collection</a>, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color photographs, 1974. Coverage SeaWorld Orlando, Orlando, Florida Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Date Created ca. 1974-10 Format image/jpg Extent 120 KB 125 KB Medium 2 color photographs Mediator History Teacher Geography Teacher Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Nancy Lynn Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="/SeaWorld%20Orlando-orlando/" target="_blank">SeaWorld Orlando Orlando</a>." SeaWorld Orlando. http://SeaWorld Orlandoparks.com/SeaWorld Orlando-orlando/. Niles, Robert. "<a href="http://www.themeparkinsider.com/flume/201308/3587/" target="_blank">Theme park history: A short history of SeaWorld Orlando Orlando</a>." August 1, 2013. Theme Park Insider. http://www.themeparkinsider.com/flume/201308/3587/. "<a href="http://www.moderndayruins.com/2008/01/disneys-river-country.html" target="_blank">SeaWorld Orlando Abandoned</a>." Modern Day Ruins. http://www.moderndayruins.com/2008/01/disneys-river-country.html. killer whales orcas orlando SeaWorld Orlando theme parks whales https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/dcbaf66051815135b26fea2db0f285f8.jpg 2e908bfa7f83a2b7bebd6c6e8df2d082 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/f5234f81d4422320be05bf9c8349c9c0.jpg 173fb3f12b0a76168128448429ab5703 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Orlando Collection Description The Orlando area was originally occupied by the Creek and Seminole tribes. In 1838, Fort Gatlin was erected on the shores of Lake Gatlin, just a few miles south of present-day Downtown Orlando. Centered around Church Street, Orlando became a city in 1884. Originally a cattle town, Orlando grew into a major citrus growing center by the 1920s. The city continued to grow during the Great Depression with aid from the Work Progress Administration (WPA). During World War II, Orlando became a major military center as well, with the development of the McCoy Air Force Base and Pinecastle Air Force Base, and with the addition of the Naval Training Center (NTC) Orlando in 1968. Downtown Orlando declined in the 1960s and 1970s. Redevelopment began in the 1970s and continued into the 1980s, with projects such as the Church Street Station entertainment complex. In 1998, a building boom began and continued through the 2000s. Contributor Cook, Thomas Cepero, Nancy Lynn Cepero, Laura Lynn Alternative Title Orlando Collection Subject Orlando (Fla.) Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/46" target="_blank">Orange County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Orlando, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference Antequino, Stephanie Gaub, and Tana Mosier Porter. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783150094" target="_blank">Lost Orlando</a>. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Pub, 2012. Rajtar, Steve. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70911136" target="_blank">A Guide to Historic Orlando</a>. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2006. "<a href="http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Historic District Walking Tour</a>." City of Orlando. http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf. Has Format <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/69" target="_blank">Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/106" target="_blank">Orlando Remembered Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/126" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Information Center Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/110" target="_blank">Orlando Public Library Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/111" target="_blank">Orlando Regions Bank Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Dolphins at SeaWorld Orlando, 1974 Alternative Title Dolphins at SeaWorld Orlando Subject Orlando (Fla.) Theme parks Dolphins--Florida Description Dolphins at SeaWorld Orlando, located at 7007 Sea World Drive in Orlando, Florida, in 1974. SeaWorld Orlando was first established by Milton C. Sheed, Ken Norris, David Demott, and George Malay in San Diego, California, in 1964. SeaWorld Orlando opened its third location on December 15, 1973, shortly after the opening of Walt Disney World. In 1976, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc. (HBJ), which also owned Cypress Gardens and Boardwalk and Baseball, purchased the company. However, fearing bankruptcy in the late 1980s, HBJ eventually sold all six parks to the Anheuser-Busch Company in 1989. SeaWorld Orlando also has locations in Ohio and Illinois. Type Still Image Source Original color photographs, 1974: Private Collection of Nancy Lynn Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/20" target="_blank">Orlando Collection</a>, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color photographs, 1974. Coverage SeaWorld Orlando, Orlando, Florida Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Date Created ca. 1974-10 Format image/jpg Extent 120 KB 125 KB Medium 2 color photographs Mediator History Teacher Geography Teacher Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Nancy Lynn Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="/SeaWorld%20Orlando-orlando/" target="_blank">SeaWorld Orlando Orlando</a>." SeaWorld Orlando. http://SeaWorld Orlandoparks.com/SeaWorld Orlando-orlando/. Niles, Robert. "<a href="http://www.themeparkinsider.com/flume/201308/3587/" target="_blank">Theme park history: A short history of SeaWorld Orlando Orlando</a>." August 1, 2013. Theme Park Insider. http://www.themeparkinsider.com/flume/201308/3587/. "<a href="http://www.moderndayruins.com/2008/01/disneys-river-country.html" target="_blank">SeaWorld Orlando Abandoned</a>." Modern Day Ruins. http://www.moderndayruins.com/2008/01/disneys-river-country.html. dolphins orlando SeaWorld Orlando theme parks https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/bf0dbb37dec2f78661d0153ab238923c.jpg a6b80cc9656ef4e1e79858f344a5809a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Orlando Collection Description The Orlando area was originally occupied by the Creek and Seminole tribes. In 1838, Fort Gatlin was erected on the shores of Lake Gatlin, just a few miles south of present-day Downtown Orlando. Centered around Church Street, Orlando became a city in 1884. Originally a cattle town, Orlando grew into a major citrus growing center by the 1920s. The city continued to grow during the Great Depression with aid from the Work Progress Administration (WPA). During World War II, Orlando became a major military center as well, with the development of the McCoy Air Force Base and Pinecastle Air Force Base, and with the addition of the Naval Training Center (NTC) Orlando in 1968. Downtown Orlando declined in the 1960s and 1970s. Redevelopment began in the 1970s and continued into the 1980s, with projects such as the Church Street Station entertainment complex. In 1998, a building boom began and continued through the 2000s. Contributor Cook, Thomas Cepero, Nancy Lynn Cepero, Laura Lynn Alternative Title Orlando Collection Subject Orlando (Fla.) Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/46" target="_blank">Orange County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Orlando, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference Antequino, Stephanie Gaub, and Tana Mosier Porter. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783150094" target="_blank">Lost Orlando</a>. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Pub, 2012. Rajtar, Steve. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70911136" target="_blank">A Guide to Historic Orlando</a>. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2006. "<a href="http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Historic District Walking Tour</a>." City of Orlando. http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf. Has Format <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/69" target="_blank">Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/106" target="_blank">Orlando Remembered Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/126" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Information Center Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/110" target="_blank">Orlando Public Library Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/111" target="_blank">Orlando Regions Bank Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Water Ski Show at SeaWorld Orlando, 2001 Alternative Title SeaWorld Orlando Water Ski Show Subject Orlando (Fla.) Theme parks Water skiing Description Water ski show with Santa Clause at SeaWorld Orlando, located at 7007 Sea World Drive in Orlando, Florida, in 2001. SeaWorld Orlando was first established by Milton C. Sheed, Ken Norris, David Demott, and George Malay in San Diego, California, in 1964. SeaWorld Orlando opened its third location on December 15, 1973, shortly after the opening of Walt Disney World. In 1976, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc. (HBJ), which also owned Cypress Gardens and Boardwalk and Baseball, purchased the company. However, fearing bankruptcy in the late 1980s, HBJ eventually sold all six parks to the Anheuser-Busch Company in 1989. SeaWorld Orlando also has locations in Ohio and Illinois. Type Still Image Source Original color photograph, 2001: Private Collection of Nancy Lynn Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/20" target="_blank">Orlando Collection</a>, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color photograph, 2001. Coverage SeaWorld Orlando, Orlando, Florida Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Date Created ca. 2001-05 Format image/jpg Extent 124 KB Medium 1 color photograph Mediator History Teacher Geography Teacher Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Nancy Lynn Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="/SeaWorld%20Orlando-orlando/" target="_blank">SeaWorld Orlando Orlando</a>." SeaWorld Orlando. http://SeaWorld Orlandoparks.com/SeaWorld Orlando-orlando/. Niles, Robert. "<a href="http://www.themeparkinsider.com/flume/201308/3587/" target="_blank">Theme park history: A short history of SeaWorld Orlando Orlando</a>." August 1, 2013. Theme Park Insider. http://www.themeparkinsider.com/flume/201308/3587/. "<a href="http://www.moderndayruins.com/2008/01/disneys-river-country.html" target="_blank">SeaWorld Orlando Abandoned</a>." Modern Day Ruins. http://www.moderndayruins.com/2008/01/disneys-river-country.html. Christmas holidays orlando Santa Clause SeaWorld Orlando theme parks water skiing https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/316d85fb5c6cca09a6a35132f667fa88.jpg c3e87ae2b0acf22919942269f0d14781 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/1394037d91637ff2a3fa210bffaabebe.jpg 287809e887ebab2cc91efc9ead389f92 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Orlando Collection Description The Orlando area was originally occupied by the Creek and Seminole tribes. In 1838, Fort Gatlin was erected on the shores of Lake Gatlin, just a few miles south of present-day Downtown Orlando. Centered around Church Street, Orlando became a city in 1884. Originally a cattle town, Orlando grew into a major citrus growing center by the 1920s. The city continued to grow during the Great Depression with aid from the Work Progress Administration (WPA). During World War II, Orlando became a major military center as well, with the development of the McCoy Air Force Base and Pinecastle Air Force Base, and with the addition of the Naval Training Center (NTC) Orlando in 1968. Downtown Orlando declined in the 1960s and 1970s. Redevelopment began in the 1970s and continued into the 1980s, with projects such as the Church Street Station entertainment complex. In 1998, a building boom began and continued through the 2000s. Contributor Cook, Thomas Cepero, Nancy Lynn Cepero, Laura Lynn Alternative Title Orlando Collection Subject Orlando (Fla.) Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/46" target="_blank">Orange County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Orlando, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference Antequino, Stephanie Gaub, and Tana Mosier Porter. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783150094" target="_blank">Lost Orlando</a>. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Pub, 2012. Rajtar, Steve. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70911136" target="_blank">A Guide to Historic Orlando</a>. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2006. "<a href="http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Historic District Walking Tour</a>." City of Orlando. http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf. Has Format <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/69" target="_blank">Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/106" target="_blank">Orlando Remembered Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/126" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Information Center Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/110" target="_blank">Orlando Public Library Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/111" target="_blank">Orlando Regions Bank Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Dolphins at SeaWorld Orlando, 1998 Alternative Title Dolphins at SeaWorld Orlando Subject Orlando (Fla.) Theme parks Dolphins--Florida Description Dolphins at SeaWorld Orlando, located at 7007 Sea World Drive in Orlando, Florida, in 1998. SeaWorld Orlando was first established by Milton C. Sheed, Ken Norris, David Demott, and George Malay in San Diego, California, in 1964. SeaWorld Orlando opened its third location on December 15, 1973, shortly after the opening of Walt Disney World. In 1976, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc. (HBJ), which also owned Cypress Gardens and Boardwalk and Baseball, purchased the company. However, fearing bankruptcy in the late 1980s, HBJ eventually sold all six parks to the Anheuser-Busch Company in 1989. SeaWorld Orlando also has locations in Ohio and Illinois. Type Still Image Source Original color photographs, 1998: Private Collection of Nancy Lynn Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/20" target="_blank">Orlando Collection</a>, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color photographs, 1998. Coverage SeaWorld Orlando, Orlando, Florida Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Date Created ca. 1998-10 Format image/jpg Extent 143 KB 166 KB Medium 2 color photographs Mediator History Teacher Geography Teacher Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Nancy Lynn Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="/SeaWorld%20Orlando-orlando/" target="_blank">SeaWorld Orlando Orlando</a>." SeaWorld Orlando. http://SeaWorld Orlandoparks.com/SeaWorld Orlando-orlando/. Niles, Robert. "<a href="http://www.themeparkinsider.com/flume/201308/3587/" target="_blank">Theme park history: A short history of SeaWorld Orlando Orlando</a>." August 1, 2013. Theme Park Insider. http://www.themeparkinsider.com/flume/201308/3587/. "<a href="http://www.moderndayruins.com/2008/01/disneys-river-country.html" target="_blank">SeaWorld Orlando Abandoned</a>." Modern Day Ruins. http://www.moderndayruins.com/2008/01/disneys-river-country.html. dolphins orlando SeaWorld Orlando theme parks https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/247a83e4ddcd3db3130c644524b63f6f.jpg 70089bed368fad6014a7736c27fd67a2 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/ae0475b746ce711890619b6473439ed2.jpg 91a98c2a814f4943b536d39770ff588e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Orlando Collection Description The Orlando area was originally occupied by the Creek and Seminole tribes. In 1838, Fort Gatlin was erected on the shores of Lake Gatlin, just a few miles south of present-day Downtown Orlando. Centered around Church Street, Orlando became a city in 1884. Originally a cattle town, Orlando grew into a major citrus growing center by the 1920s. The city continued to grow during the Great Depression with aid from the Work Progress Administration (WPA). During World War II, Orlando became a major military center as well, with the development of the McCoy Air Force Base and Pinecastle Air Force Base, and with the addition of the Naval Training Center (NTC) Orlando in 1968. Downtown Orlando declined in the 1960s and 1970s. Redevelopment began in the 1970s and continued into the 1980s, with projects such as the Church Street Station entertainment complex. In 1998, a building boom began and continued through the 2000s. Contributor Cook, Thomas Cepero, Nancy Lynn Cepero, Laura Lynn Alternative Title Orlando Collection Subject Orlando (Fla.) Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/46" target="_blank">Orange County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Orlando, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference Antequino, Stephanie Gaub, and Tana Mosier Porter. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783150094" target="_blank">Lost Orlando</a>. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Pub, 2012. Rajtar, Steve. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70911136" target="_blank">A Guide to Historic Orlando</a>. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2006. "<a href="http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Historic District Walking Tour</a>." City of Orlando. http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf. Has Format <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/69" target="_blank">Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/106" target="_blank">Orlando Remembered Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/126" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Information Center Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/110" target="_blank">Orlando Public Library Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/111" target="_blank">Orlando Regions Bank Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Shamu: World Focus Show at SeaWorld Orlando, 1998 Alternative Title Shamu: World Focus Subject Orlando (Fla.) Theme parks Whales--Florida Description The Shamu: World Focus killer whale show at SeaWorld Orlando, located at 7007 Sea World Drive in Orlando, Florida, in 1998. SeaWorld Orlando was first established by Milton C. Sheed, Ken Norris, David Demott, and George Malay in San Diego, California, in 1964. SeaWorld Orlando opened its third location on December 15, 1973, shortly after the opening of Walt Disney World. In 1976, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc. (HBJ), which also owned Cypress Gardens and Boardwalk and Baseball, purchased the company. However, fearing bankruptcy in the late 1980s, HBJ eventually sold all six parks to the Anheuser-Busch Company in 1989. SeaWorld Orlando also has locations in Ohio and Illinois. Type Still Image Source Original color photographs, 1998: Private Collection of Nancy Lynn Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/20" target="_blank">Orlando Collection</a>, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color photographs, 1998. Coverage SeaWorld Orlando, Orlando, Florida Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Date Created ca. 1998-03 Format image/jpg Extent 138 KB 142 KB Medium 2 color photographs Mediator History Teacher Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Nancy Lynn Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="/SeaWorld%20Orlando-orlando/" target="_blank">SeaWorld Orlando Orlando</a>." SeaWorld Orlando. http://SeaWorld Orlandoparks.com/SeaWorld Orlando-orlando/. Niles, Robert. "<a href="http://www.themeparkinsider.com/flume/201308/3587/" target="_blank">Theme park history: A short history of SeaWorld Orlando Orlando</a>." August 1, 2013. Theme Park Insider. http://www.themeparkinsider.com/flume/201308/3587/. "<a href="http://www.moderndayruins.com/2008/01/disneys-river-country.html" target="_blank">SeaWorld Orlando Abandoned</a>." Modern Day Ruins. http://www.moderndayruins.com/2008/01/disneys-river-country.html. killer whales orcas orlando SeaWorld Orlando Shamu Shamu: World Focus theme parks whales https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/a636e0e789fe91c069a91648d47ffdb0.jpg 053d7e7562a2647aae3d80cf2319b9de Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Orlando Collection Description The Orlando area was originally occupied by the Creek and Seminole tribes. In 1838, Fort Gatlin was erected on the shores of Lake Gatlin, just a few miles south of present-day Downtown Orlando. Centered around Church Street, Orlando became a city in 1884. Originally a cattle town, Orlando grew into a major citrus growing center by the 1920s. The city continued to grow during the Great Depression with aid from the Work Progress Administration (WPA). During World War II, Orlando became a major military center as well, with the development of the McCoy Air Force Base and Pinecastle Air Force Base, and with the addition of the Naval Training Center (NTC) Orlando in 1968. Downtown Orlando declined in the 1960s and 1970s. Redevelopment began in the 1970s and continued into the 1980s, with projects such as the Church Street Station entertainment complex. In 1998, a building boom began and continued through the 2000s. Contributor Cook, Thomas Cepero, Nancy Lynn Cepero, Laura Lynn Alternative Title Orlando Collection Subject Orlando (Fla.) Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/46" target="_blank">Orange County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Orlando, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference Antequino, Stephanie Gaub, and Tana Mosier Porter. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783150094" target="_blank">Lost Orlando</a>. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Pub, 2012. Rajtar, Steve. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70911136" target="_blank">A Guide to Historic Orlando</a>. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2006. "<a href="http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Historic District Walking Tour</a>." City of Orlando. http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf. Has Format <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/69" target="_blank">Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/106" target="_blank">Orlando Remembered Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/126" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Information Center Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/110" target="_blank">Orlando Public Library Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/111" target="_blank">Orlando Regions Bank Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Discovery Cove, 1990 Alternative Title Discovery Cove Subject Orlando (Fla.) Theme parks Description Discovery Cove, located at 6000 Discovery Cove Way in Orlando, Florida, in 1990. Discovery Cove is owned and operated by SeaWorld Orlando Parks & Entertainment. SeaWorld Orlando was first established by Milton C. Sheed, Ken Norris, David Demott, and George Malay in San Diego, California, in 1964. SeaWorld Orlando opened its third location on December 15, 1973, shortly after the opening of Walt Disney World. In 1976, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc. (HBJ), which also owned Cypress Gardens and Boardwalk and Baseball, purchased the company. However, fearing bankruptcy in the late 1980s, HBJ eventually sold all six parks to the Anheuser-Busch Company in 1989. SeaWorld Orlando also has locations in Ohio and Illinois. Type Still Image Source Original color photograph, 1990: Private Collection of Nancy Lynn Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/20" target="_blank">Orlando Collection</a>, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color photograph, 1990. Coverage Discovery Cove, Orlando, Florida Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Date Created ca. 1990-02 Format image/jpg Extent 117 KB Medium 1 color photograph Language eng Mediator History Teacher Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Nancy Lynn Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="http://www.discoverycove.com/" target="_blank">Discovery Cove</a>." Discovery Cove. http://www.discoverycove.com/. "<a href="/SeaWorld%20Orlando-orlando/" target="_blank">SeaWorld Orlando Orlando</a>." SeaWorld Orlando. http://SeaWorld Orlandoparks.com/SeaWorld Orlando-orlando/. Niles, Robert. "<a href="http://www.themeparkinsider.com/flume/201308/3587/" target="_blank">Theme park history: A short history of SeaWorld Orlando Orlando</a>." August 1, 2013. Theme Park Insider. http://www.themeparkinsider.com/flume/201308/3587/. "<a href="http://www.moderndayruins.com/2008/01/disneys-river-country.html" target="_blank">SeaWorld Orlando Abandoned</a>." Modern Day Ruins. http://www.moderndayruins.com/2008/01/disneys-river-country.html. Transcript Discovery Cove SeaWorld [illegible] Discovery Cove orlando SeaWorld Orlando theme parks https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/8a3cc4f4bad2f12d07048b2b1077d411.jpg ad6cb1cb4597401837b918d345ce10da Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Orlando Collection Description The Orlando area was originally occupied by the Creek and Seminole tribes. In 1838, Fort Gatlin was erected on the shores of Lake Gatlin, just a few miles south of present-day Downtown Orlando. Centered around Church Street, Orlando became a city in 1884. Originally a cattle town, Orlando grew into a major citrus growing center by the 1920s. The city continued to grow during the Great Depression with aid from the Work Progress Administration (WPA). During World War II, Orlando became a major military center as well, with the development of the McCoy Air Force Base and Pinecastle Air Force Base, and with the addition of the Naval Training Center (NTC) Orlando in 1968. Downtown Orlando declined in the 1960s and 1970s. Redevelopment began in the 1970s and continued into the 1980s, with projects such as the Church Street Station entertainment complex. In 1998, a building boom began and continued through the 2000s. Contributor Cook, Thomas Cepero, Nancy Lynn Cepero, Laura Lynn Alternative Title Orlando Collection Subject Orlando (Fla.) Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/46" target="_blank">Orange County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Orlando, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference Antequino, Stephanie Gaub, and Tana Mosier Porter. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783150094" target="_blank">Lost Orlando</a>. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Pub, 2012. Rajtar, Steve. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70911136" target="_blank">A Guide to Historic Orlando</a>. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2006. "<a href="http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Historic District Walking Tour</a>." City of Orlando. http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf. Has Format <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/69" target="_blank">Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/106" target="_blank">Orlando Remembered Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/126" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Information Center Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/110" target="_blank">Orlando Public Library Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/111" target="_blank">Orlando Regions Bank Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Sea Lions Tonite Animal Show at SeaWorld Orlando, 1990 Alternative Title Sea Lions Tonight Animal Show Subject Orlando (Fla.) Theme parks Sea lions Description The Sea Lions Tonight Animal Show at SeaWorld Orlando, located at 7007 Sea World Drive in Orlando, Florida, in 1990. SeaWorld Orlando was first established by Milton C. Sheed, Ken Norris, David Demott, and George Malay in San Diego, California, in 1964. SeaWorld Orlando opened its third location on December 15, 1973, shortly after the opening of Walt Disney World. In 1976, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc. (HBJ), which also owned Cypress Gardens and Boardwalk and Baseball, purchased the company. However, fearing bankruptcy in the late 1980s, HBJ eventually sold all six parks to the Anheuser-Busch Company in 1989. SeaWorld Orlando also has locations in Ohio and Illinois. Type Still Image Source Original color photograph, 1990: Private Collection of Nancy Lynn Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/20" target="_blank">Orlando Collection</a>, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color photograph, 1990. Coverage SeaWorld Orlando, Orlando, Florida Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Date Created ca. 1990-02 Format image/jpg Extent 133 KB Medium 1 color photograph Language eng Mediator History Teacher Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Nancy Lynn Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="/SeaWorld%20Orlando-orlando/" target="_blank">SeaWorld Orlando Orlando</a>." SeaWorld Orlando. http://SeaWorld Orlandoparks.com/SeaWorld Orlando-orlando/. Niles, Robert. "<a href="http://www.themeparkinsider.com/flume/201308/3587/" target="_blank">Theme park history: A short history of SeaWorld Orlando Orlando</a>." August 1, 2013. Theme Park Insider. http://www.themeparkinsider.com/flume/201308/3587/. "<a href="http://www.moderndayruins.com/2008/01/disneys-river-country.html" target="_blank">SeaWorld Orlando Abandoned</a>." Modern Day Ruins. http://www.moderndayruins.com/2008/01/disneys-river-country.html. Transcript FRONT DESK Hotel CLYDE & SEAMORE [illegible] [illegible] rentals [illegible] orlando sea lions Sea Lions Tonight Animal Shows SeaWorld Orlando theme parks https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/49c9dd8db2cb6babb49e4a9e6ef30b31.jpg 4a095d04690e9598161574e434be67c1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Orlando Collection Description The Orlando area was originally occupied by the Creek and Seminole tribes. In 1838, Fort Gatlin was erected on the shores of Lake Gatlin, just a few miles south of present-day Downtown Orlando. Centered around Church Street, Orlando became a city in 1884. Originally a cattle town, Orlando grew into a major citrus growing center by the 1920s. The city continued to grow during the Great Depression with aid from the Work Progress Administration (WPA). During World War II, Orlando became a major military center as well, with the development of the McCoy Air Force Base and Pinecastle Air Force Base, and with the addition of the Naval Training Center (NTC) Orlando in 1968. Downtown Orlando declined in the 1960s and 1970s. Redevelopment began in the 1970s and continued into the 1980s, with projects such as the Church Street Station entertainment complex. In 1998, a building boom began and continued through the 2000s. Contributor Cook, Thomas Cepero, Nancy Lynn Cepero, Laura Lynn Alternative Title Orlando Collection Subject Orlando (Fla.) Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/46" target="_blank">Orange County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Orlando, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference Antequino, Stephanie Gaub, and Tana Mosier Porter. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783150094" target="_blank">Lost Orlando</a>. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Pub, 2012. Rajtar, Steve. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70911136" target="_blank">A Guide to Historic Orlando</a>. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2006. "<a href="http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Historic District Walking Tour</a>." City of Orlando. http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf. Has Format <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/69" target="_blank">Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/106" target="_blank">Orlando Remembered Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/126" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Information Center Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/110" target="_blank">Orlando Public Library Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/111" target="_blank">Orlando Regions Bank Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Baby Shamu Celebration Show at SeaWorld Orlando, 1990 Alternative Title Baby Shamu Celebration Subject Orlando (Fla.) Theme parks Whales--Florida Description The Baby Shamu Celebration killer whale show at SeaWorld Orlando, located at 7007 Sea World Drive in Orlando, Florida, in 1990. SeaWorld Orlando was first established by Milton C. Sheed, Ken Norris, David Demott, and George Malay in San Diego, California, in 1964. SeaWorld Orlando opened its third location on December 15, 1973, shortly after the opening of Walt Disney World. In 1976, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc. (HBJ), which also owned Cypress Gardens and Boardwalk and Baseball, purchased the company. However, fearing bankruptcy in the late 1980s, HBJ eventually sold all six parks to the Anheuser-Busch Company in 1989. SeaWorld Orlando also has locations in Ohio and Illinois. Type Still Image Source Original color photograph, 1990: Private Collection of Nancy Lynn Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/20" target="_blank">Orlando Collection</a>, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color photograph, 1990. Coverage SeaWorld Orlando, Orlando, Florida Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Date Created ca. 1990-02 Format image/jpg Extent 116 KB Medium 1 color photograph Language eng Mediator History Teacher Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Nancy Lynn Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="/SeaWorld%20Orlando-orlando/" target="_blank">SeaWorld Orlando Orlando</a>." SeaWorld Orlando. http://SeaWorld Orlandoparks.com/SeaWorld Orlando-orlando/. Niles, Robert. "<a href="http://www.themeparkinsider.com/flume/201308/3587/" target="_blank">Theme park history: A short history of SeaWorld Orlando Orlando</a>." August 1, 2013. Theme Park Insider. http://www.themeparkinsider.com/flume/201308/3587/. "<a href="http://www.moderndayruins.com/2008/01/disneys-river-country.html" target="_blank">SeaWorld Orlando Abandoned</a>." Modern Day Ruins. http://www.moderndayruins.com/2008/01/disneys-river-country.html. Transcript SeaWorld Baby Shamu Celebration killer whales orcas orlando Sea World Drive SeaWorld Orlando Shamu theme park whales https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/313f933edc9df173bfa50c076a368d4e.jpg 6fece0d9e0a15ee4419413070f00b5c5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Orlando Collection Description The Orlando area was originally occupied by the Creek and Seminole tribes. In 1838, Fort Gatlin was erected on the shores of Lake Gatlin, just a few miles south of present-day Downtown Orlando. Centered around Church Street, Orlando became a city in 1884. Originally a cattle town, Orlando grew into a major citrus growing center by the 1920s. The city continued to grow during the Great Depression with aid from the Work Progress Administration (WPA). During World War II, Orlando became a major military center as well, with the development of the McCoy Air Force Base and Pinecastle Air Force Base, and with the addition of the Naval Training Center (NTC) Orlando in 1968. Downtown Orlando declined in the 1960s and 1970s. Redevelopment began in the 1970s and continued into the 1980s, with projects such as the Church Street Station entertainment complex. In 1998, a building boom began and continued through the 2000s. Contributor Cook, Thomas Cepero, Nancy Lynn Cepero, Laura Lynn Alternative Title Orlando Collection Subject Orlando (Fla.) Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/46" target="_blank">Orange County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Orlando, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference Antequino, Stephanie Gaub, and Tana Mosier Porter. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783150094" target="_blank">Lost Orlando</a>. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Pub, 2012. Rajtar, Steve. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70911136" target="_blank">A Guide to Historic Orlando</a>. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2006. "<a href="http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Historic District Walking Tour</a>." City of Orlando. http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf. Has Format <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/69" target="_blank">Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/106" target="_blank">Orlando Remembered Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/126" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Information Center Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/110" target="_blank">Orlando Public Library Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/111" target="_blank">Orlando Regions Bank Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Orange Blossom Special, 1989 Alternative Title Orange Blossom Special Subject Orlando (Fla.) Railroads--Florida Description The Orange Blossom Special, the last train at the Church Street Railroad Station, located at 76 West Church Street in Downtown Orlando, Florida, in 1989. The original site was occupied by a railroad depot built around 1883. That building was demolished around 1890 and the current Church Street Station Depot was constructed by the South Florida Railroad on the same lot. The site also served the Tavares, Orlando and Atlantic Railroad and the Orlando and Winter Park Railway. In 1926, the Orlando Health/Amtrak station took over passenger operations, but Church Street Station continued to serve as a ticket outlet and freight station until 1972. The last train, called the Orange Blossom Special, remained at the station until January of 2012. The 100-year-old engine was transported to the Florida Railroad Museum in Parrish in order to make room for the new SunRail platform. Church Street Station is on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. Type Still Image Source Original color photograph, 1989: Private Collection of Nancy Lynn Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/20" target="_blank">Orlando Collection</a>, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color photograph, 1989. Coverage Church Street Station, Downtown Orlando, Florida Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Date Created ca. 1989-01 Format image/jpg Extent 162 KB Medium 1 color photograph Language eng Mediator History Teacher Economics Teacher Geography Teacher Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Nancy Lynn Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference Antequino, Stephanie Gaub, and Tana Mosier Porter. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783150094" target="_blank">Lost Orlando</a>. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Pub, 2012. "<a href="http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Historic District Walking Tour</a>." City of Orlando. http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf. Rajtar, Steve. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70911136" target="_blank">A Guide to Historic Orlando</a>. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2006. Mulligan, Michael. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/225874809" target="_blank">Railroad Depots of Central Florida</a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Pub, 2008. Schlueb, Mark. "<a href="http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2012-01-17/news/os-church-street-train-move-20120117_1_church-street-station-sunrail-transport" target="_blank">Orange Blossom Special starts leaving Church Street Station in Orlando</a>"." Orlando Sentinel. January 17, 2012. http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2012-01-17/news/os-church-street-train-move-20120117_1_church-street-station-sunrail-transport. Transcript ORANGE BLOSSOM SPECIAL 2749 CHURCH STREET STATION [illegible] Church Street Church Street Station Church Street Station Railroad Company Orange Blossom Special orlando railroad depots railroad stations railroads trains https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/dbd6251f21fa980946222c8532503b26.jpg 4a07fbc40e11a14a8baf477ed3e508f1 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/f5055441710f63cfc4214250f0ba4df0.jpg 0fa2966833d67706f427a171c6ba2293 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Winter Springs Collection Alternative Title Winter Springs Collection Subject Winter Springs (Fla). Description Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of Winter Springs, Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around. The first Euro-American individual own land in present-day Winter Springs was Moses Levy of New York, who acquired a land grant from the Spanish Crown prior to American acquisition of Florida in 1821. In 1843, Henry Gee and son John Henry Gee acquired part of Levy's grant via Governor Richard Call.However, the courts voided the land grant in 1852 and returned the grant back to Levy, Philip K. Yonge, and other settlers. The settlement of various wharves in in the area was centered mostly around Lake Jesup. With the establishment of the Lake Jesup Steamboat Company, the present-day Winter Springs area served as a major location for steamboat transportation. Winter Springs was not incorporated as a town until 1959, when it was originally called North Orlando. In 1962, the city was rechartered as Winter Springs. In 1972, it was incorporated as a city. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/44" target="_blank">Seminole County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Winter Springs, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="http://www.winterspringsfl.org/assets/General/Documents/HistoryofWinterSprings.pdf" target="_blank">The History of Winter Springs </a>." City of Winter Springs. http://www.winterspringsfl.org/assets/General/Documents/HistoryofWinterSprings.pdf. Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title St. Stephen's Catholic Church, 2005 Alternative Title St. Stephen's Catholic Church Subject Winter Springs (Fla.) Churches--Florida Catholic Church--Florida Description St. Stephen's Catholic Church, located at 575 Tuskawilla Road in Winter Springs, Florida, in 2005. On December 5, 1984, Bishop Thomas Joseph Grady (1914-2002) approved the establishment of a Catholic community to serve eastern Seminole County. Father John J. Bluett was assigned as the Founding Pastor of the church on February 5, 1984. While the church building was being constructed, the community celebrated its First Eucharistic liturgy with 800 congregants at Lake Howell High School on June 16, 1985. On February 22, 1986, Bishop Grady broke ground for the site and the church celebrated its first Eucharistic Celebration on April 16, 1987. In January of 2001, Father George Dunne began his ministry at the church, alongside Father Bluett. Type Still Image Source Original color photographs by Laura Lynn Cepero, December 1, 2005: Private Collection of Nancy Lynn Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/125" target="_blank">Winter Springs Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color photographs by Laura Lynn Cepero, December 1, 2005. Coverage St. Stephens Catholic Church, Winter Springs, Florida Creator Cepero, Laura Lynn Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Date Created ca. 1989-12-01 Format image/jpg Extent 104 KB 123 KB Medium 2 color photographs Language eng Mediator History Teacher Geography Teacher Provenance Originally created by Laura Lynn Cepero. Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Nancy Lynn Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="http://www.st-stephen.com/about-us/" target="_blank">About Us</a>." St. Stephen Catholic Community. http://www.st-stephen.com/about-us/. Fisher, James Terence. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/43391231" target="_blank">Catholics in America</a>. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000. Transcript ST. STEPHEN CATHOLIC CHURCH Catholic Church Catholicism Catholics church churches Laura Lynn Cepero St. Stephen's Catholic Church Tuskawilla Road Winter Springs https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/996da5e3979b154558eaf4b6276d37e8.jpg f4e3a2ec9836a151fada5926b47ba5ff https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/64f4da7e0eada42443d3310844d5b670.jpg edc4df85c76885a19bac2b1b040a4c50 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/7f0066f44dbe975d82f2fa8e1cf3877a.jpg cd2a45457ea82b69dd55110879be4617 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Winter Springs Collection Alternative Title Winter Springs Collection Subject Winter Springs (Fla). Description Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of Winter Springs, Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around. The first Euro-American individual own land in present-day Winter Springs was Moses Levy of New York, who acquired a land grant from the Spanish Crown prior to American acquisition of Florida in 1821. In 1843, Henry Gee and son John Henry Gee acquired part of Levy's grant via Governor Richard Call.However, the courts voided the land grant in 1852 and returned the grant back to Levy, Philip K. Yonge, and other settlers. The settlement of various wharves in in the area was centered mostly around Lake Jesup. With the establishment of the Lake Jesup Steamboat Company, the present-day Winter Springs area served as a major location for steamboat transportation. Winter Springs was not incorporated as a town until 1959, when it was originally called North Orlando. In 1962, the city was rechartered as Winter Springs. In 1972, it was incorporated as a city. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/44" target="_blank">Seminole County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Winter Springs, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="http://www.winterspringsfl.org/assets/General/Documents/HistoryofWinterSprings.pdf" target="_blank">The History of Winter Springs </a>." City of Winter Springs. http://www.winterspringsfl.org/assets/General/Documents/HistoryofWinterSprings.pdf. Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Christmas at St. Stephen's Catholic Church, 1989 Alternative Title St. Stephen's Catholic Church Subject Winter Springs (Fla.) Churches--Florida Catholic Church--Florida Christmas--Florida Holidays--United States Description Christmas ceremonies at St. Stephen's Catholic Church, located at 575 Tuskawilla Road in Winter Springs, Florida, in 1989. On December 5, 1984, Bishop Thomas Joseph Grady (1914-2002) approved the establishment of a Catholic community to serve eastern Seminole County. Father John J. Bluett was assigned as the Founding Pastor of the church on February 5, 1984. While the church building was being constructed, the community celebrated its First Eucharistic liturgy with 800 congregants at Lake Howell High School on June 16, 1985. On February 22, 1986, Bishop Grady broke ground for the site and the church celebrated its first Eucharistic Celebration on April 16, 1987. In January of 2001, Father George Dunne began his ministry at the church, alongside Father Bluett. Type Still Image Source Original color photographs, December 1989: Private Collection of Nancy Lynn Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/125" target="_blank">Winter Springs Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color photographs, December 1989. Coverage St. Stephens Catholic Church, Winter Springs, Florida Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Date Created ca. 1989-12 Format image/jpg Extent 119 KB 95.9 KB 123 KB Medium 3 color photographs Mediator History Teacher Geography Teacher Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Nancy Lynn Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="http://www.st-stephen.com/about-us/" target="_blank">About Us</a>." St. Stephen Catholic Community. http://www.st-stephen.com/about-us/. Fisher, James Terence. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/43391231" target="_blank">Catholics in America</a>. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000. Catholic Church Catholicism Catholics Christmas churches nativities nativity St. Stephen's Catholic Church Tuskawilla Road Winter Springs https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/8dd729a19445118259e5cfb37122fee8.jpg 11acf8070b937e0c576f31268b5a516e https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/4719f6bf1df513bb34fb36026a0c9e16.jpg 4561c3b3b458b5cd092ba1d307541be9 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/87bb846a87871713881903153c17059b.jpg 85855f8b487d5f076d8c841eb0573c4c https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/b10a268083921c71f4afefb08d92223c.jpg 7b7404f0ca4ef26ea94d3b3dae44ac79 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/2a0e759fb343fb9a4a851dc6c099237f.jpg 7dd6f57b45fef3e941473ef7bf4d0737 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/20b9439e46c8178191bf101d3c9d90ac.jpg 6e5f4ed4aa7d254800f860466a5d77a5 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/b8ae022053363f19e5322408a57406ba.jpg 7a189f38432ab679ff78b3b2d94e804d https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/5530020f2f7c321603dc15a288cd94e9.jpg 3343d963e41c0dca9567e5b96a46b53c https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/ae415ad1af126b5ace15d9f1afaf7fc7.jpg 8b39b41dd23ddf069b1cf72caedda0bb https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/354758dcbea91f1c7d2f511533416435.jpg a2feb2f95c9a0be91c70c4d86a7b7ea1 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/b1812ea25b4436c416ec63e8e815f8de.jpg 73cd1f562df171cc8272a3118ee4d96b https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/1c2319f516747d61e8b55c7d42557f3e.jpg 9a2c200704a71d9708f7090fe359165d https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/12605b5c4ec325f26662d8a865883338.jpg 50c090cb98cab8fdfb6c7c105fa41c48 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/a1b572002d795940359009b93062bee1.jpg be37a7a302c6112fc7a559e7f40a45de https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/9768e6acba212b44b6126f7b67f1c8fe.jpg 6e20144be9ef89d2d3ad35aa4522faa6 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/72d222595cf91c8658bf1bdb0fa20b49.jpg 2ee7f16498c650e03ce4bcfb8b329623 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/d83631f29fcf95a628bc344a1435ab57.jpg 8b03953a903cfedc456ca4cde1efa0d9 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/e764371414b31f00f4b4b3ad4fff4c26.jpg c49a33fdadc021de0ca02ae15868f578 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Winter Park Collection Description Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of Winter Park, Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around. The first known residents of the Winter Park area were the Seminole Indians, who were a creolized culture resulting from the intermingling of the Muscogee (also known as the Creek) people and the Chotaw people. In 1858, David Mizell, Hr. purchased a homestead between Lake Virginia, Lake Mizell, and Lake Berry. The settlement around his homestead was first called Lake View, until it was renamed Osceola in 1870. When a South Florida Railroad track was laid nearby, the area began to develop. Loring Chase and Oliver E. Chapman began planning the town of Winter Park around the late 1870s and early 1880s. Rollins College, Florida's first four-year college, was founded in 1885 and the Seminole Hotel opened the following year. Contributor <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> Cepero, Laura Lynn Alternative Title Winter Park Collection Subject Winter Park (Fla.) Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/46" target="_blank">Orange County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Winter Park, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="http://cityofwinterpark.org/" target="_blank">City of Winter Park</a>." City of Winter Park, Florida. http://cityofwinterpark.org/. "<a href="http://www.wphistory.org/explore-history/winter-park/" target="_blank">WINTER PARK HISTORY</a>." Winter Park History Museum, Winter Park Historical Society. http://www.wphistory.org/explore-history/winter-park/. Has Part <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/152" target="_blank">Albin Polasek Museum & Sculpture Gardens Collection</a>, Winter Park Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title 10th Annual Unity Heritage Festival Alternative Title Unity Heritage Festival Subject Winter Park (Fla.) Festivals--Florida Parks--Florida Martin Luther King, Jr., Day Holidays--United States Music--Florida Description The 10th Annual Unity Heritage Festival, held at Shady Park, on the corner of South Pennsylvania Avenue and West New England Avenue, in Hannibal Square in Winter Park, Florida, in 2012. The festival is held annual on Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, as well as the day before. The festival was hosted by the City of Winter Park in order to "promote family history and raise funds for the Educational Fulfillment Fund for local economically disadvantaged youth," according to the city website. These images show various performers dancing and singing to a variety of songs by Motown artists, such as the Supremes, Stevie Wonder, the Temptations, and the Four Tops. Type Still Image Source Original color photographs by Laura Lynn Cepero, January 16, 2012: Private Collection of Laura Lynn Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/34" target="_blank">Winter Park Collection</a>, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color photographs by Laura Lynn Cepero, January 16, 2012. Coverage Shady Park, Hannibal Square, Winter Park, Florida Creator Cepero, Laura Lynn Contributor Cepero, Laura Lynn Date Created 2012-01-16 Format image/jpg Extent 39.8 KB 33.1 KB 42.2 KB 25.5 KB 40.2 KB 31.3 KB 33.3 KB 43.1 KB 44.1 KB 34.4 KB 37.2 KB 44.1 KB 31.3 KB 38.2 KB 43.1 KB 34.4 KB 41.4 KB 35.9 KB 43.1 KB Medium 19 color photographs Language eng Mediator History Teacher Geography Teacher Provenance Originally created by Laura Lynn Cepero. Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Laura Lynn Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference McDonald, Lisa. "<a href="http://www.examiner.com/article/10th-annual-unity-heritage-festival" target="_blank">10th Annual Unity Heritage Festival!</a>." Examiner, January 13, 2012. http://www.examiner.com/article/10th-annual-unity-heritage-festival. Transcript NOW HERE! SAMSUNG GALAXY NEXUS 10th Annual Unity Heritage Festival dancers festivals Hannibal Square holidays Laura Lynn Cepero Martin Luther King, Jr. Day Motown music New England Avenue Pennsylvania Avenue Shady Park singers soul music Unity Heritage Festival vocalists Winter Park https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/87be7a313f730f088ef7a232da0b0665.jpg 692027a6827590a864140b895e7c899f https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/2067b5ebdfa86c856b121f367beff88f.jpg ee194f9ac29bae6d216e9009fe5bef78 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/7b7e34fde6022aef06bea500afbf1ea8.jpg 7481ac391b1965faf200ac8f85890e6e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Winter Haven Collection Alternative Title Winter Haven Collection Description Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of Winter Haven, Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around. The Timucua and the Calusa were the earliest known inhabitants of the Winter Haven area. When the Spanish, especially Hernando de Soto, arrived, the indigenous people of the area were decimated by war and disease. The Seminole Indians migrated to the area in the 19th century. Chipco, the Seminole leader, led several skirmishes during the Seminole Wars. After the United States acquired Florida, American and European settlers began to settle the area. However, significant growth did not occur until the expansion of railroads throughout Florida. In 1884, the area was platted and known as Harris Corners, referencing F. A. K. Harris, who opened the first mercantile store in the area. It was later named Winter Haven. The City of Winter Haven was incorporated in 1911. The first Florida land boom occurred in the 1920s, but was slowed down during the Great Depression. In 1930, George W. Jenkins opened the first Publix supermarket in Winter Haven. Citrus magnate John A. Snively operated one of the world's largest fruit packing plants in Winter Haven in the 1930s and 1940s. In 1936, Dick Pope, Sr. and his wife, Julia Pope, opened Cypress Gardens, considered to be America's first theme park. The park operated for decades until it closed in 2009. Subject Winter Haven (Fla.) Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/48" target="_blank">Polk County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Winter Haven, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference Hetherington, M. F. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/205244" target="_blank">History of Polk County, Florida, Narrative and Biographical</a>. Chuluota, Fla: Mickler House, 1971. Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Gazebo at Cypress Gardens, 1989 Alternative Title Cypress Gardens Subject Winter Haven (Fla.) Theme parks Description Nancy Lynn Cepero (b. 1954) and two of her children, Dennis Cepero (b. 1986) and Laura Lynn Cepero (b. 1987), at a gazebo at Cypress Gardens in June of 1989. Billed as Florida's first commercial tourist theme park, Cypress Gardens opened on January 2, 1936, as a botanical garden planted by Dick Pope, Sr. (1900-1988) and his wife, Julie Pope. Over the years, it became one of the biggest attractions in Florida, known for its water ski shows, lush gardens, and Southern Belles. It also became known as the "Water Ski Capital of the World," because many of the sport's landmark firsts and the over 50 world records broken there. Numerous motion pictures were filmed at the Cypress Gardens, including portions of This is Cinerama, the first feature filmed in the wide-screen format, as well as a string of Esther Williams films and television specials in the 1950s and 1960s. In the 1950s, young women dressed in the crinolines reminiscent of the Antebellum South. During the American Civil War Centennial, young men dressed in Confederate uniforms would be photographed with the Southern Belles. With the addition of a custom photography boat named Miss Cover Girl in the early 1960s, the park became a popular site for the filming of television commercials. However, Cypress Gardens closed in 2009 and Legoland occupies the former lot at 1 Legoland Way in Winter Haven, Florida. Type Still Image Source Original color photographs, June 1989: Private Collection of Nancy Lynn Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/35" target="_blank">Winter Haven Collection</a>, Polk County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color photographs, June 1989. Coverage Cypress Gardens, Winter Haven, Florida Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Date Created ca. 1989-06 Format image/jpg Extent 190 KB 133 KB 121 KB Medium 3 color photographs Mediator History Teacher Geography Teacher Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Nancy Lynn Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="http://www.floridaamusementparks.com/resources/Cypress-Gardens-Adventure-Park.html" target="_blank">Cypress Gardens Adventure Park</a>." Florida Amusement Parks .com. http://www.floridaamusementparks.com/resources/Cypress-Gardens-Adventure-Park.html. Flekke, Mary M., Sarah E. MacDonald, and Randall M. MacDonald. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/85451307" target="_blank">Cypress Gardens</a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 2006. Rajtar, Steve. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70911136" target="_blank">A Guide to Historic Orlando</a>. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2006. botanical gardens Cypress Gardens Dennis Cepero gazebos Laura Lynn Cepero Nancy Lynn Cepero Nancy Lynn Sabatino Sabatino, Nancy Lynn theme parks Winter Haven https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/717fae867fdb8bb546b31b0cc5c8d38d.jpg 39030add16ef092d8618dd460c39b06c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Winter Haven Collection Alternative Title Winter Haven Collection Description Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of Winter Haven, Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around. The Timucua and the Calusa were the earliest known inhabitants of the Winter Haven area. When the Spanish, especially Hernando de Soto, arrived, the indigenous people of the area were decimated by war and disease. The Seminole Indians migrated to the area in the 19th century. Chipco, the Seminole leader, led several skirmishes during the Seminole Wars. After the United States acquired Florida, American and European settlers began to settle the area. However, significant growth did not occur until the expansion of railroads throughout Florida. In 1884, the area was platted and known as Harris Corners, referencing F. A. K. Harris, who opened the first mercantile store in the area. It was later named Winter Haven. The City of Winter Haven was incorporated in 1911. The first Florida land boom occurred in the 1920s, but was slowed down during the Great Depression. In 1930, George W. Jenkins opened the first Publix supermarket in Winter Haven. Citrus magnate John A. Snively operated one of the world's largest fruit packing plants in Winter Haven in the 1930s and 1940s. In 1936, Dick Pope, Sr. and his wife, Julia Pope, opened Cypress Gardens, considered to be America's first theme park. The park operated for decades until it closed in 2009. Subject Winter Haven (Fla.) Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/48" target="_blank">Polk County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Winter Haven, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference Hetherington, M. F. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/205244" target="_blank">History of Polk County, Florida, Narrative and Biographical</a>. Chuluota, Fla: Mickler House, 1971. Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Exotic Bird Show at Cypress Gardens, 1989 Alternative Title Cypress Gardens Exotic Birds Subject Winter Haven (Fla.) Theme parks Birds--Florida Description The exotic bird show at Cypress Gardens in June of 1989. Billed as Florida's first commercial tourist theme park, Cypress Gardens opened on January 2, 1936, as a botanical garden planted by Dick Pope, Sr. (1900-1988) and his wife, Julie Pope. Over the years, it became one of the biggest attractions in Florida, known for its water ski shows, lush gardens, and Southern Belles. It also became known as the "Water Ski Capital of the World," because many of the sport's landmark firsts and the over 50 world records broken there. Numerous motion pictures were filmed at the Cypress Gardens, including portions of This is Cinerama, the first feature filmed in the wide-screen format, as well as a string of Esther Williams films and television specials in the 1950s and 1960s. In the 1950s, young women dressed in the crinolines reminiscent of the Antebellum South. During the American Civil War Centennial, young men dressed in Confederate uniforms would be photographed with the Southern Belles. With the addition of a custom photography boat named Miss Cover Girl in the early 1960s, the park became a popular site for the filming of television commercials. However, Cypress Gardens closed in 2009 and Legoland occupies the former lot at 1 Legoland Way in Winter Haven, Florida. Type Still Image Source Original color photograph, June 1989: Private Collection of Nancy Lynn Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/35" target="_blank">Winter Haven Collection</a>, Polk County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color photograph, June 1989. Coverage Cypress Gardens, Winter Haven, Florida Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Date Created ca. 1989-06 Format image/jpg Extent 125 KB Medium 1 color photograph Mediator History Teacher Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Nancy Lynn Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="http://www.floridaamusementparks.com/resources/Cypress-Gardens-Adventure-Park.html" target="_blank">Cypress Gardens Adventure Park</a>." Florida Amusement Parks .com. http://www.floridaamusementparks.com/resources/Cypress-Gardens-Adventure-Park.html. Flekke, Mary M., Sarah E. MacDonald, and Randall M. MacDonald. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/85451307" target="_blank">Cypress Gardens</a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 2006. Rajtar, Steve. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70911136" target="_blank">A Guide to Historic Orlando</a>. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2006. botanical gardens Cypress Gardens exotic birds theme parks Winter Haven https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/b514d8e41503cb3354696eb8af684dda.jpg 5bcdb0df57e96e29a2028614f39348a8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Winter Haven Collection Alternative Title Winter Haven Collection Description Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of Winter Haven, Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around. The Timucua and the Calusa were the earliest known inhabitants of the Winter Haven area. When the Spanish, especially Hernando de Soto, arrived, the indigenous people of the area were decimated by war and disease. The Seminole Indians migrated to the area in the 19th century. Chipco, the Seminole leader, led several skirmishes during the Seminole Wars. After the United States acquired Florida, American and European settlers began to settle the area. However, significant growth did not occur until the expansion of railroads throughout Florida. In 1884, the area was platted and known as Harris Corners, referencing F. A. K. Harris, who opened the first mercantile store in the area. It was later named Winter Haven. The City of Winter Haven was incorporated in 1911. The first Florida land boom occurred in the 1920s, but was slowed down during the Great Depression. In 1930, George W. Jenkins opened the first Publix supermarket in Winter Haven. Citrus magnate John A. Snively operated one of the world's largest fruit packing plants in Winter Haven in the 1930s and 1940s. In 1936, Dick Pope, Sr. and his wife, Julia Pope, opened Cypress Gardens, considered to be America's first theme park. The park operated for decades until it closed in 2009. Subject Winter Haven (Fla.) Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/48" target="_blank">Polk County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Winter Haven, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference Hetherington, M. F. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/205244" target="_blank">History of Polk County, Florida, Narrative and Biographical</a>. Chuluota, Fla: Mickler House, 1971. Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Alligator at Cypress Gardens, 1989 Alternative Title Cypress Gardens Alligator Subject Winter Haven (Fla.) Theme parks Alligators--Florida Description An alligator at Cypress Gardens in June of 1989. Billed as Florida's first commercial tourist theme park, Cypress Gardens opened on January 2, 1936, as a botanical garden planted by Dick Pope, Sr. (1900-1988) and his wife, Julie Pope. Over the years, it became one of the biggest attractions in Florida, known for its water ski shows, lush gardens, and Southern Belles. It also became known as the "Water Ski Capital of the World," because many of the sport's landmark firsts and the over 50 world records broken there. Numerous motion pictures were filmed at the Cypress Gardens, including portions of This is Cinerama, the first feature filmed in the wide-screen format, as well as a string of Esther Williams films and television specials in the 1950s and 1960s. In the 1950s, young women dressed in the crinolines reminiscent of the Antebellum South. During the American Civil War Centennial, young men dressed in Confederate uniforms would be photographed with the Southern Belles. With the addition of a custom photography boat named Miss Cover Girl in the early 1960s, the park became a popular site for the filming of television commercials. However, Cypress Gardens closed in 2009 and Legoland occupies the former lot at 1 Legoland Way in Winter Haven, Florida. Type Still Image Source Original color photograph, June 1989: Private Collection of Nancy Lynn Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/35" target="_blank">Winter Haven Collection</a>, Polk County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color photograph, June 1989. Coverage Cypress Gardens, Winter Haven, Florida Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Date Created ca. 1989-06 Format image/jpg Extent 174 KB Medium 1 color photograph Mediator History Teacher Geography Teacher Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Nancy Lynn Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="http://www.floridaamusementparks.com/resources/Cypress-Gardens-Adventure-Park.html" target="_blank">Cypress Gardens Adventure Park</a>." Florida Amusement Parks .com. http://www.floridaamusementparks.com/resources/Cypress-Gardens-Adventure-Park.html. Flekke, Mary M., Sarah E. MacDonald, and Randall M. MacDonald. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/85451307" target="_blank">Cypress Gardens</a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 2006. Rajtar, Steve. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70911136" target="_blank">A Guide to Historic Orlando</a>. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2006. alligators botanical gardens Cypress Gardens theme parks Winter Haven https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/c2089bdf0d089643b229dbbc61d8d97e.jpg aa514bdb3dbdf9b3d69ed545985e44b0 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/c39134f188f6d2fc8e02279b659a8cc5.jpg a8b49dbd28858ca3856a76b7acc9fad7 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/062fe79bde4637f62c78152792b0d5ca.jpg a1d1a4b5a07f499e0e80626225e08bd3 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/23a7600ab3aa5c7e02052499cb723f0e.jpg a93c59da6a524d9a1ab49c3b58fd3c43 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Winter Haven Collection Alternative Title Winter Haven Collection Description Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of Winter Haven, Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around. The Timucua and the Calusa were the earliest known inhabitants of the Winter Haven area. When the Spanish, especially Hernando de Soto, arrived, the indigenous people of the area were decimated by war and disease. The Seminole Indians migrated to the area in the 19th century. Chipco, the Seminole leader, led several skirmishes during the Seminole Wars. After the United States acquired Florida, American and European settlers began to settle the area. However, significant growth did not occur until the expansion of railroads throughout Florida. In 1884, the area was platted and known as Harris Corners, referencing F. A. K. Harris, who opened the first mercantile store in the area. It was later named Winter Haven. The City of Winter Haven was incorporated in 1911. The first Florida land boom occurred in the 1920s, but was slowed down during the Great Depression. In 1930, George W. Jenkins opened the first Publix supermarket in Winter Haven. Citrus magnate John A. Snively operated one of the world's largest fruit packing plants in Winter Haven in the 1930s and 1940s. In 1936, Dick Pope, Sr. and his wife, Julia Pope, opened Cypress Gardens, considered to be America's first theme park. The park operated for decades until it closed in 2009. Subject Winter Haven (Fla.) Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/48" target="_blank">Polk County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Winter Haven, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference Hetherington, M. F. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/205244" target="_blank">History of Polk County, Florida, Narrative and Biographical</a>. Chuluota, Fla: Mickler House, 1971. Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Water Ski Show at Cypress Gardens, 1989 Alternative Title Cypress Gardens Ski Show Subject Winter Haven (Fla.) Theme parks Water skiing Description The water ski show at Cypress Gardens in June of 1989. Billed as Florida's first commercial tourist theme park, Cypress Gardens opened on January 2, 1936, as a botanical garden planted by Dick Pope, Sr. (1900-1988) and his wife, Julie Pope. Over the years, it became one of the biggest attractions in Florida, known for its water ski shows, lush gardens, and Southern Belles. It also became known as the "Water Ski Capital of the World," because many of the sport's landmark firsts and the over 50 world records broken there. Numerous motion pictures were filmed at the Cypress Gardens, including portions of This is Cinerama, the first feature filmed in the wide-screen format, as well as a string of Esther Williams films and television specials in the 1950s and 1960s. In the 1950s, young women dressed in the crinolines reminiscent of the Antebellum South. During the American Civil War Centennial, young men dressed in Confederate uniforms would be photographed with the Southern Belles. With the addition of a custom photography boat named Miss Cover Girl in the early 1960s, the park became a popular site for the filming of television commercials. However, Cypress Gardens closed in 2009 and Legoland occupies the former lot at 1 Legoland Way in Winter Haven, Florida. Type Still Image Source Original color photographs, June 1989: Private Collection of Nancy Lynn Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/35" target="_blank">Winter Haven Collection</a>, Polk County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color photographs, June 1989. Coverage Cypress Gardens, Winter Haven, Florida Creator Cepero, Nancy Lynn Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Date Created ca. 1989-06 Format image/jpg Extent 159 KB 161 KB 150 KB 153 KB Medium 4 color photographs Mediator History Teacher Geography Teacher Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Nancy Lynn Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="http://www.floridaamusementparks.com/resources/Cypress-Gardens-Adventure-Park.html" target="_blank">Cypress Gardens Adventure Park</a>." Florida Amusement Parks .com. http://www.floridaamusementparks.com/resources/Cypress-Gardens-Adventure-Park.html. Flekke, Mary M., Sarah E. MacDonald, and Randall M. MacDonald. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/85451307" target="_blank">Cypress Gardens</a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 2006. Rajtar, Steve. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70911136" target="_blank">A Guide to Historic Orlando</a>. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2006. botanical gardens Cypress Gardens theme parks water ski show water ski shows water skiers water skiing Winter Haven https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/68f230ff793d92c7a580442c5a003bda.JPG 677ef74dc0d6ebfcbf11991b308edb02 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Tampa Collection Alternative Title Tampa Collection Subject Tampa (Fla.) Description Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of Tampa, Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around. Before European settlement, the present-day Tampa area was inhibited by the Tocobaga and Pohoy tribes, which were decimated by European diseases and warfare. In 1824, the U.S. Army established the area's first permanent settlement called Fort Brooke, located at the mouth of the Hillsborough River. Siding with the Confederacy during the American Civil War, Tampa served as the site of the Battle of Tampa, an inconclusive battle from June 30 to July 1, 1862; the Battle of Fort Brooke on October 16, 1862; and the Battle of Ballast Point on October 18, 1863. Incorporated as a town in 1949, Tampa experienced immense growth in the 1880s with the arrival of the railroad, the discovery of phosphate, and the development of the cigar industry. From the 1920s to the 1950s, Tampa became a major center for organized crime, Prohibition-era bootlegging, and illegal bolita, a Cuban-influenced lottery. Tampa grew considerably during World War II, as the city was chosen for the location of MacDill Field, now the MacDill Air Forced Base (AFB). The founding of Busch Gardens Tampa and the University of South Florida also spurred growth. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/133" target="_blank">Hillsborough County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Tampa, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Contributor Cepero, Ray External Reference "<a href="http://www.tampagov.net/city-clerk/info/archives/city-of-tampa-incorporation-history" target="_blank">Incorporation History</a>." City of Tampa, Florida. http://www.tampagov.net/city-clerk/info/archives/city-of-tampa-incorporation-history. Mulder, Kenneth W. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/22947009" target="_blank">Tampa Bay, Days of Long Ago</a>. Tampa, Fla: P & M Pub. Co, 1990. Brown, Canter. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42476956" target="_blank">Tampa Before the Civil War</a>. Tampa, Fla: University of Tampa Press, 1999. Kerstein, Robert J. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/45202019" target="_blank">Politics and Growth in Twentieth-Century Tampa</a>. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida, 2001. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title SheiKra at Busch Gardens Tampa, 2010 Alternative Title Busch Gardens SheiKra Subject Tampa (Fla.) Theme parks Roller coasters--United States Description SheiKra, a roller coaster at Busch Gardens Tampa, a theme park located in Tampa, Florida, in 2010. SheiKra is a roller coaster that was added to the Stanleyville area of the park. Mark Rose, vice-president of design and engineering, proposed the idea for the roller coaster. Peckham Guyton Albers & Viets, Inc. (PGAV) planned and designed the coaster, which opened on May 21, 2005. Less than two years later, Busch Gardens announced that it would remove the floors of SheiKra's trains. The ride shut down temporarily on May 28, 2007, and reopened on June 16, 2007. Busch Gardens opened as a hospitality facility for Anheuser-Busch Companies, Inc. on March 31, 1959. Busch Gardens originally hosted a brewery with beer tastings, but it was closed in 1995 and the roller coaster Gwazi was constructed in its place. In 1965, Serengeti Plains, inhabited by African wildlife, opened. In 1971, the Serengeti Express Railway, a two-mile railroad surrounding the park, was opened. The Stanleyville section opened, including the Stanley Falls Flume in 1973. In 1976, the Congo area opened, featuring Busch Gardens' first roller coaster, Python. Various theme areas and attractions have been added to the park over the years. From 1976 through the 1990s, the theme park was called Busch Gardens: The Dark Continent, but was renamed Busch Gardens Tampa Bay during that same decade. From 2006 to 2008, the park was renamed Busch Gardens Africa. In 2008, it returned to its original name. The park is currently owned by SeaWorld Entertainment and the Blackstone Groups. Busch Gardens includes several themed areas in addition to the Edge of Africa: Morocco, Stanleyville, Congo, Jungala, Pantopia, Nairobi, Crown Colony Plaza, and Egypt. Type Still Image Source Original color digital image by Ray Cepero, March 10, 2010: Private Collection of Ray Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/134" target="_blank">Tampa Collection</a>, Hillsborough County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color digital image by Ray Cepero, March 10, 2010. Coverage SheiKra, Stanleyville, Busch Gardens Tampa, Tampa, Florida Creator Cepero, Ray Contributor Cepero, Ray Date Created 2010-03-10 Format image/jpg Extent 187 KB Medium 1 color digital image Mediator History Teacher Geography Teacher Provenance Originally created by Ray Cepero. Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Ray Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="http://seaworldparks.com/en/buschgardens-tampa/park-info/?from=Top_Nav" target="_blank">PARK INFO</a>." Busch Gardens Tampa, SeaWorld Parks & Entertainment. http://seaworldparks.com/en/buschgardens-tampa/park-info/?from=Top_Nav. "<a href="http://www.bgtnation.net/p/history_12.html" target="_blank">Park History</a>." BGTNation. http://www.bgtnation.net/p/history_12.html. Busch Gardens Tampa Malcolm McKinley Drive Raúl Cepero Ray Cepero roller coasters SheiKra Stanleyville Tampa theme park theme parks https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/aeb5a971e0951a43c171fe3e129bcf73.JPG b878b80dfdc631f281ab85717051813b https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/0521349e1a07ab625fba40fe52ef473c.JPG 105bb5ddb211fd7e5f87fbeb4dbcba18 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Tampa Collection Alternative Title Tampa Collection Subject Tampa (Fla.) Description Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of Tampa, Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around. Before European settlement, the present-day Tampa area was inhibited by the Tocobaga and Pohoy tribes, which were decimated by European diseases and warfare. In 1824, the U.S. Army established the area's first permanent settlement called Fort Brooke, located at the mouth of the Hillsborough River. Siding with the Confederacy during the American Civil War, Tampa served as the site of the Battle of Tampa, an inconclusive battle from June 30 to July 1, 1862; the Battle of Fort Brooke on October 16, 1862; and the Battle of Ballast Point on October 18, 1863. Incorporated as a town in 1949, Tampa experienced immense growth in the 1880s with the arrival of the railroad, the discovery of phosphate, and the development of the cigar industry. From the 1920s to the 1950s, Tampa became a major center for organized crime, Prohibition-era bootlegging, and illegal bolita, a Cuban-influenced lottery. Tampa grew considerably during World War II, as the city was chosen for the location of MacDill Field, now the MacDill Air Forced Base (AFB). The founding of Busch Gardens Tampa and the University of South Florida also spurred growth. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/133" target="_blank">Hillsborough County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Tampa, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Contributor Cepero, Ray External Reference "<a href="http://www.tampagov.net/city-clerk/info/archives/city-of-tampa-incorporation-history" target="_blank">Incorporation History</a>." City of Tampa, Florida. http://www.tampagov.net/city-clerk/info/archives/city-of-tampa-incorporation-history. Mulder, Kenneth W. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/22947009" target="_blank">Tampa Bay, Days of Long Ago</a>. Tampa, Fla: P & M Pub. Co, 1990. Brown, Canter. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42476956" target="_blank">Tampa Before the Civil War</a>. Tampa, Fla: University of Tampa Press, 1999. Kerstein, Robert J. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/45202019" target="_blank">Politics and Growth in Twentieth-Century Tampa</a>. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida, 2001. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Nairobi Train Station of the Serengeti Express Railway at Busch Gardens Tampa, 2010 Alternative Title Busch Gardens Serengeti Express Railway Subject Tampa (Fla.) Theme parks Railroads--Florida Description The Nairobi Train Station of the Serengeti Express Railway of Busch Gardens Tampa, a theme park located in Tampa, Florida, in 2010. The park opened as a hospitality facility for Anheuser-Busch Companies, Inc. on March 31, 1959. Busch Gardens originally hosted a brewery with beer tastings, but it was closed in 1995 and the roller coaster Gwazi was constructed in its place. In 1965, Serengeti Plains, inhabited by African wildlife, opened. In 1971, the Serengeti Express Railway, a two-mile railroad surrounding the park, was opened. The Stanleyville section opened, including the Stanley Falls Flume in 1973. In 1976, the Congo area opened, featuring Busch Gardens' first roller coaster, Python. Various theme areas and attractions have been added to the park over the years. The Edge of Africa was opened in 1997. From 1976 through the 1990s, the theme park was called Busch Gardens: The Dark Continent, but was renamed Busch Gardens Tampa Bay during that same decade. From 2006 to 2008, the park was renamed Busch Gardens Africa. In 2008, it returned to its original name. The park is currently owned by SeaWorld Entertainment and the Blackstone Groups. Busch Gardens includes several themed areas in addition to the Edge of Africa: Morocco, Stanleyville, Congo, Jungala, Pantopia, Nairobi, Crown Colony Plaza, and Egypt. Type Still Image Source Original color digital images by Ray Cepero, March 10, 2010: Private Collection of Ray Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/134" target="_blank">Tampa Collection</a>, Hillsborough County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color digital images by Ray Cepero, March 10, 2010. Coverage Nairobi Train Station, Nairobi, Busch Gardens Tampa, Tampa, Florida Creator Cepero, Ray Contributor Cepero, Ray Date Created 2010-03-10 Format image/jpg Extent 286 KB 219 KB Medium 2 color digital images Language eng Mediator History Teacher Geography Teacher Provenance Originally created by Ray Cepero. Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Ray Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="http://seaworldparks.com/en/buschgardens-tampa/park-info/?from=Top_Nav" target="_blank">PARK INFO</a>." Busch Gardens Tampa, SeaWorld Parks & Entertainment. http://seaworldparks.com/en/buschgardens-tampa/park-info/?from=Top_Nav. "<a href="http://www.bgtnation.net/p/history_12.html" target="_blank">Park History</a>." BGTNation. http://www.bgtnation.net/p/history_12.html. Transcript WENDY'S FORD SERENGETI EXPRESS Busch Gardens Tampa Malcolm McKinley Drive Nairobi Train Station railroads Raúl Cepero Ray Cepero Serengeti Express Railway Tampa theme parks trains https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/5ed7f0fe4152468a0fa80e4cd6693a93.JPG 5c4768b08ed39b5c808eda20e5bb14d4 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/736a3a4ccbd0572370c45bd999d2d165.JPG 3f89b1ba00891c48570f6233426ecaab Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Tampa Collection Alternative Title Tampa Collection Subject Tampa (Fla.) Description Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of Tampa, Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around. Before European settlement, the present-day Tampa area was inhibited by the Tocobaga and Pohoy tribes, which were decimated by European diseases and warfare. In 1824, the U.S. Army established the area's first permanent settlement called Fort Brooke, located at the mouth of the Hillsborough River. Siding with the Confederacy during the American Civil War, Tampa served as the site of the Battle of Tampa, an inconclusive battle from June 30 to July 1, 1862; the Battle of Fort Brooke on October 16, 1862; and the Battle of Ballast Point on October 18, 1863. Incorporated as a town in 1949, Tampa experienced immense growth in the 1880s with the arrival of the railroad, the discovery of phosphate, and the development of the cigar industry. From the 1920s to the 1950s, Tampa became a major center for organized crime, Prohibition-era bootlegging, and illegal bolita, a Cuban-influenced lottery. Tampa grew considerably during World War II, as the city was chosen for the location of MacDill Field, now the MacDill Air Forced Base (AFB). The founding of Busch Gardens Tampa and the University of South Florida also spurred growth. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/133" target="_blank">Hillsborough County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Tampa, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Contributor Cepero, Ray External Reference "<a href="http://www.tampagov.net/city-clerk/info/archives/city-of-tampa-incorporation-history" target="_blank">Incorporation History</a>." City of Tampa, Florida. http://www.tampagov.net/city-clerk/info/archives/city-of-tampa-incorporation-history. Mulder, Kenneth W. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/22947009" target="_blank">Tampa Bay, Days of Long Ago</a>. Tampa, Fla: P & M Pub. Co, 1990. Brown, Canter. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42476956" target="_blank">Tampa Before the Civil War</a>. Tampa, Fla: University of Tampa Press, 1999. Kerstein, Robert J. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/45202019" target="_blank">Politics and Growth in Twentieth-Century Tampa</a>. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida, 2001. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Elephants at the Edge of Africa at Busch Gardens Tampa, 2010 Alternative Title Busch Gardens Edge of Africa Subject Tampa (Fla.) Theme parks Elephants--United States Description Elephants at the Edge of Africa of Busch Gardens Tampa, a theme park located in Tampa, Florida, in 2010. The park opened as a hospitality facility for Anheuser-Busch Companies, Inc. on March 31, 1959. Busch Gardens originally hosted a brewery with beer tastings, but it was closed in 1995 and the roller coaster Gwazi was constructed in its place. In 1965, Serengeti Plains, inhabited by African wildlife, opened. In 1971, the Serengeti Express Railway, a two-mile railroad surrounding the park, was opened. The Stanleyville section opened, including the Stanley Falls Flume in 1973. In 1976, the Congo area opened, featuring Busch Gardens' first roller coaster, Python. Various theme areas and attractions have been added to the park over the years. The Edge of Africa was opened in 1997. From 1976 through the 1990s, the theme park was called Busch Gardens: The Dark Continent, but was renamed Busch Gardens Tampa Bay during that same decade. From 2006 to 2008, the park was renamed Busch Gardens Africa. In 2008, it returned to its original name. The park is currently owned by SeaWorld Entertainment and the Blackstone Groups. Busch Gardens includes several themed areas in addition to the Edge of Africa: Morocco, Stanleyville, Congo, Jungala, Pantopia, Nairobi, Crown Colony Plaza, and Egypt. Type Still Image Source Original color digital images by Ray Cepero, March 10, 2010: Private Collection of Ray Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/134" target="_blank">Tampa Collection</a>, Hillsborough County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color digital images by Ray Cepero, March 10, 2010. Coverage Edge of Africa, Busch Gardens Tampa, Tampa, Florida Creator Cepero, Ray Contributor Cepero, Ray Date Created 2010-03-10 Format image/jpg Extent 301 KB 273 KB Medium 2 color digital images Mediator History Teacher Geography Teacher Provenance Originally created by Ray Cepero. Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Ray Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="http://seaworldparks.com/en/buschgardens-tampa/park-info/?from=Top_Nav" target="_blank">PARK INFO</a>." Busch Gardens Tampa, SeaWorld Parks & Entertainment. http://seaworldparks.com/en/buschgardens-tampa/park-info/?from=Top_Nav. "<a href="http://www.bgtnation.net/p/history_12.html" target="_blank">Park History</a>." BGTNation. http://www.bgtnation.net/p/history_12.html. Busch Gardens Tampa Edge of Africa elephants Malcolm McKinley Drive Raúl Cepero Ray Cepero Tampa theme parks https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/0da9d43d9d0853e12cbc84eeedac1c72.JPG d36f588572d08b698786de220eba77e0 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/94d151d119288042dda548c949f78897.JPG e1d366709eda76628258c5fc934cc519 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/9893c2542e1a65135291bf810bd4ac51.JPG 85e49a51efaec4741d45a15d9a6d4647 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Tampa Collection Alternative Title Tampa Collection Subject Tampa (Fla.) Description Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of Tampa, Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around. Before European settlement, the present-day Tampa area was inhibited by the Tocobaga and Pohoy tribes, which were decimated by European diseases and warfare. In 1824, the U.S. Army established the area's first permanent settlement called Fort Brooke, located at the mouth of the Hillsborough River. Siding with the Confederacy during the American Civil War, Tampa served as the site of the Battle of Tampa, an inconclusive battle from June 30 to July 1, 1862; the Battle of Fort Brooke on October 16, 1862; and the Battle of Ballast Point on October 18, 1863. Incorporated as a town in 1949, Tampa experienced immense growth in the 1880s with the arrival of the railroad, the discovery of phosphate, and the development of the cigar industry. From the 1920s to the 1950s, Tampa became a major center for organized crime, Prohibition-era bootlegging, and illegal bolita, a Cuban-influenced lottery. Tampa grew considerably during World War II, as the city was chosen for the location of MacDill Field, now the MacDill Air Forced Base (AFB). The founding of Busch Gardens Tampa and the University of South Florida also spurred growth. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/133" target="_blank">Hillsborough County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Tampa, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Contributor Cepero, Ray External Reference "<a href="http://www.tampagov.net/city-clerk/info/archives/city-of-tampa-incorporation-history" target="_blank">Incorporation History</a>." City of Tampa, Florida. http://www.tampagov.net/city-clerk/info/archives/city-of-tampa-incorporation-history. Mulder, Kenneth W. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/22947009" target="_blank">Tampa Bay, Days of Long Ago</a>. Tampa, Fla: P & M Pub. Co, 1990. Brown, Canter. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42476956" target="_blank">Tampa Before the Civil War</a>. Tampa, Fla: University of Tampa Press, 1999. Kerstein, Robert J. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/45202019" target="_blank">Politics and Growth in Twentieth-Century Tampa</a>. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida, 2001. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Zebras at the Edge of Africa at Busch Gardens Tampa, 2010 Alternative Title Busch Gardens Edge of Africa Subject Tampa (Fla.) Theme parks Zebras Description Zebras at the Edge of Africa of Busch Gardens Tampa, a theme park located in Tampa, Florida, in 2010. The park opened as a hospitality facility for Anheuser-Busch Companies, Inc. on March 31, 1959. Busch Gardens originally hosted a brewery with beer tastings, but it was closed in 1995 and the roller coaster Gwazi was constructed in its place. In 1965, Serengeti Plains, inhabited by African wildlife, opened. In 1971, the Serengeti Express Railway, a two-mile railroad surrounding the park, was opened. The Stanleyville section opened, including the Stanley Falls Flume in 1973. In 1976, the Congo area opened, featuring Busch Gardens' first roller coaster, Python. Various theme areas and attractions have been added to the park over the years. The Edge of Africa was opened in 1997. From 1976 through the 1990s, the theme park was called Busch Gardens: The Dark Continent, but was renamed Busch Gardens Tampa Bay during that same decade. From 2006 to 2008, the park was renamed Busch Gardens Africa. In 2008, it returned to its original name. The park is currently owned by SeaWorld Entertainment and the Blackstone Groups. Busch Gardens includes several themed areas in addition to the Edge of Africa: Morocco, Stanleyville, Congo, Jungala, Pantopia, Nairobi, Crown Colony Plaza, and Egypt. Type Still Image Source Original color digital images by Ray Cepero, March 10, 2010: Private Collection of Ray Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/134" target="_blank">Tampa Collection</a>, Hillsborough County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color digital images by Ray Cepero, March 10, 2010. Coverage Edge of Africa, Busch Gardens Tampa, Tampa, Florida Creator Cepero, Ray Contributor Cepero, Ray Date Created 2010-03-10 Format image/jpg Extent 272 KB 247 KB 286 KB Medium 3 color digital images Mediator History Teacher Geography Teacher Provenance Originally created by Ray Cepero. Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Ray Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="http://seaworldparks.com/en/buschgardens-tampa/park-info/?from=Top_Nav" target="_blank">PARK INFO</a>." Busch Gardens Tampa, SeaWorld Parks & Entertainment. http://seaworldparks.com/en/buschgardens-tampa/park-info/?from=Top_Nav. "<a href="http://www.bgtnation.net/p/history_12.html" target="_blank">Park History</a>." BGTNation. http://www.bgtnation.net/p/history_12.html. Busch Gardens Tampa Edge of Africa Malcolm McKinley Drive Raúl Cepero Ray Cepero Tampa theme parks zebras https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/54f1aeb8b86564ff42feeb928ff10aaf.JPG 56c65eea79a613056c3d7bd861dd56e1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Tampa Collection Alternative Title Tampa Collection Subject Tampa (Fla.) Description Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of Tampa, Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around. Before European settlement, the present-day Tampa area was inhibited by the Tocobaga and Pohoy tribes, which were decimated by European diseases and warfare. In 1824, the U.S. Army established the area's first permanent settlement called Fort Brooke, located at the mouth of the Hillsborough River. Siding with the Confederacy during the American Civil War, Tampa served as the site of the Battle of Tampa, an inconclusive battle from June 30 to July 1, 1862; the Battle of Fort Brooke on October 16, 1862; and the Battle of Ballast Point on October 18, 1863. Incorporated as a town in 1949, Tampa experienced immense growth in the 1880s with the arrival of the railroad, the discovery of phosphate, and the development of the cigar industry. From the 1920s to the 1950s, Tampa became a major center for organized crime, Prohibition-era bootlegging, and illegal bolita, a Cuban-influenced lottery. Tampa grew considerably during World War II, as the city was chosen for the location of MacDill Field, now the MacDill Air Forced Base (AFB). The founding of Busch Gardens Tampa and the University of South Florida also spurred growth. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/133" target="_blank">Hillsborough County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Tampa, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Contributor Cepero, Ray External Reference "<a href="http://www.tampagov.net/city-clerk/info/archives/city-of-tampa-incorporation-history" target="_blank">Incorporation History</a>." City of Tampa, Florida. http://www.tampagov.net/city-clerk/info/archives/city-of-tampa-incorporation-history. Mulder, Kenneth W. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/22947009" target="_blank">Tampa Bay, Days of Long Ago</a>. Tampa, Fla: P & M Pub. Co, 1990. Brown, Canter. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42476956" target="_blank">Tampa Before the Civil War</a>. Tampa, Fla: University of Tampa Press, 1999. Kerstein, Robert J. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/45202019" target="_blank">Politics and Growth in Twentieth-Century Tampa</a>. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida, 2001. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Bird Gardens at Busch Gardens Tampa, 2010 Alternative Title Busch Gardens Bird Gardens Subject Tampa (Fla.) Theme parks Restaurants--Florida Roller coasters--United States Description The Bird Gardens of Busch Gardens Tampa, a theme park located in Tampa, Florida, in 2010. Garden Gate Cafcan bee seen to the left of the photograph, and Gwazi, a roller coaster that opened in 1999, can be seen in the distance. Busch Gardens opened as a hospitality facility for Anheuser-Busch Companies, Inc. on March 31, 1959. The park originally hosted a brewery with beer tastings, but it was closed in 1995 and the roller coaster Gwazi was constructed in its place. In 1965, Serengeti Plains, inhabited by African wildlife, opened. In 1971, the Serengeti Express Railway, a two-mile railroad surrounding the park, was opened. The Stanleyville section opened, including the Stanley Falls Flume in 1973. In 1976, the Congo area opened, featuring Busch Gardens' first roller coaster, Python. Various theme areas and attractions have been added to the park over the years. From 1976 through the 1990s, the theme park was called Busch Gardens: The Dark Continent, but was renamed Busch Gardens Tampa Bay during that same decade. From 2006 to 2008, the park was renamed Busch Gardens Africa. In 2008, it returned to its original name. The park is currently owned by SeaWorld Entertainment and the Blackstone Groups. Busch Gardens includes several themed areas in addition to the Edge of Africa: Morocco, Stanleyville, Congo, Jungala, Pantopia, Nairobi, Crown Colony Plaza, and Egypt. Type Still Image Source Original color digital image by Ray Cepero, March 10, 2010: Private Collection of Ray Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/134" target="_blank">Tampa Collection</a>, Hillsborough County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color digital image by Ray Cepero, March 10, 2010. Coverage Bird Gardens, Busch Gardens Tampa, Tampa, Florida Garden Gate Café, Busch Gardens Tampa, Tampa, Florida Gwazi, Morocco, Busch Gardens Tampa, Tampa, Florida Creator Cepero, Ray Contributor Cepero, Ray Date Created 2010-03-10 Format image/jpg Extent 342 KB Medium 1 color digital image Mediator History Teacher Geography Teacher Provenance Originally created by Ray Cepero. Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Ray Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="http://seaworldparks.com/en/buschgardens-tampa/park-info/?from=Top_Nav" target="_blank">PARK INFO</a>." Busch Gardens Tampa, SeaWorld Parks & Entertainment. http://seaworldparks.com/en/buschgardens-tampa/park-info/?from=Top_Nav. "<a href="http://www.bgtnation.net/p/history_12.html" target="_blank">Park History</a>." BGTNation. http://www.bgtnation.net/p/history_12.html. Bird Gardens Busch Gardens Tampa Garden Gate Caf Gwazi Malcolm McKinley Drive Raúl Cepero Ray Cepero restaurant restaurants roller coaster roller coasters Tampa theme parks https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/9072ac5bf307c955fe0f764eabcce38a.JPG 7ba5a1294292613fa17cbf00a9242669 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/80ef11cb5aed7ec42997e27e9888943b.JPG dcf7f9f497e7fd11406d395abfd2841c https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/7c7232bc73b037b87a3bfbdfcc444baf.JPG f68251bd118e1004f61ed0cb7750b1f6 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/7c0355160d6bde333660fdaf8679266d.JPG cdb681d26ef0ae1a5bb4860797abae39 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/75e12b02f3289413870abfbe192fd748.JPG 8b9db66ebdc0ceff58652ba113fa1ff7 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/6ac5d9005b8eb93c68d6402e6f02d04b.JPG 69812d9149f9a591a816975a7c24cb03 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Tampa Collection Alternative Title Tampa Collection Subject Tampa (Fla.) Description Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of Tampa, Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around. Before European settlement, the present-day Tampa area was inhibited by the Tocobaga and Pohoy tribes, which were decimated by European diseases and warfare. In 1824, the U.S. Army established the area's first permanent settlement called Fort Brooke, located at the mouth of the Hillsborough River. Siding with the Confederacy during the American Civil War, Tampa served as the site of the Battle of Tampa, an inconclusive battle from June 30 to July 1, 1862; the Battle of Fort Brooke on October 16, 1862; and the Battle of Ballast Point on October 18, 1863. Incorporated as a town in 1949, Tampa experienced immense growth in the 1880s with the arrival of the railroad, the discovery of phosphate, and the development of the cigar industry. From the 1920s to the 1950s, Tampa became a major center for organized crime, Prohibition-era bootlegging, and illegal bolita, a Cuban-influenced lottery. Tampa grew considerably during World War II, as the city was chosen for the location of MacDill Field, now the MacDill Air Forced Base (AFB). The founding of Busch Gardens Tampa and the University of South Florida also spurred growth. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/133" target="_blank">Hillsborough County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Tampa, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Contributor Cepero, Ray External Reference "<a href="http://www.tampagov.net/city-clerk/info/archives/city-of-tampa-incorporation-history" target="_blank">Incorporation History</a>." City of Tampa, Florida. http://www.tampagov.net/city-clerk/info/archives/city-of-tampa-incorporation-history. Mulder, Kenneth W. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/22947009" target="_blank">Tampa Bay, Days of Long Ago</a>. Tampa, Fla: P & M Pub. Co, 1990. Brown, Canter. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42476956" target="_blank">Tampa Before the Civil War</a>. Tampa, Fla: University of Tampa Press, 1999. Kerstein, Robert J. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/45202019" target="_blank">Politics and Growth in Twentieth-Century Tampa</a>. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida, 2001. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Flamingos at Busch Gardens Tampa's Bird Gardens, 2010 Alternative Title Busch Gardens Bird Gardens Subject Tampa (Fla.) Tourism--Florida Busch Gardens (Tampa, Fla.) Theme parks Flamingos Description Flamingos at the Bird Gardens of Busch Gardens Tampa, a theme park located in Tampa, Florida, in 2010. The park opened as a hospitality facility for Anheuser-Busch Companies, Inc. on March 31, 1959. Busch Gardens originally hosted a brewery with beer tastings, but it was closed in 1995 and the roller coaster Gwazi was constructed in its place. In 1965, Serengeti Plains, inhabited by African wildlife, opened. In 1971, the Serengeti Express Railway, a two-mile railroad surrounding the park, was opened. The Stanleyville section opened, including the Stanley Falls Flume in 1973. In 1976, the Congo area opened, featuring Busch Gardens' first roller coaster, Python. Various theme areas and attractions have been added to the park over the years. From 1976 through the 1990s, the theme park was called Busch Gardens: The Dark Continent, but was renamed Busch Gardens Tampa Bay during that same decade. From 2006 to 2008, the park was renamed Busch Gardens Africa. In 2008, it returned to its original name. The park is currently owned by SeaWorld Entertainment and the Blackstone Groups. Busch Gardens includes several themed areas in addition to the Edge of Africa: Morocco, Stanleyville, Congo, Jungala, Pantopia, Nairobi, Crown Colony Plaza, and Egypt. Type Still Image Source Original color digital images by Ray Cepero, February 13, 2010: Private Collection of Ray Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/134" target="_blank">Tampa Collection</a>, Hillsborough County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color digital images by Ray Cepero, February 13, 2010. Coverage Bird Gardens, Busch Gardens Tampa, Tampa, Florida Creator Cepero, Ray Contributor Cepero, Ray Date Created 2010-02-13 Format image/jpg Extent 399 KB 394 KB 401 KB 379 KB 365 KB 385 KB Medium 6 color digital images Mediator History Teacher Geography Teacher Provenance Originally created by Ray Cepero. Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Ray Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="http://seaworldparks.com/en/buschgardens-tampa/park-info/?from=Top_Nav" target="_blank">PARK INFO</a>." Busch Gardens Tampa, SeaWorld Parks & Entertainment. http://seaworldparks.com/en/buschgardens-tampa/park-info/?from=Top_Nav. "<a href="http://www.bgtnation.net/p/history_12.html" target="_blank">Park History</a>." BGTNation. http://www.bgtnation.net/p/history_12.html. Bird Gardens Busch Gardens Tampa flamingos Malcolm McKinley Drive Raúl Cepero Ray Cepero Tampa theme park theme parks https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/94f82fd1208fdb49680f3c145a6d1b12.jpg 930ebb38dec6e74c1db4463236a936bd https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/fa516133e05f91e51de88a445a69c8e3.jpg a416cd59db02cb3a959d3171a34e8c75 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Silver Springs Collection Description Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of Silver Springs, Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around. Silver Springs was originally settled by the Timucuans in the early 1500s. Although they were able to reclaim their territory after Spanish invasion, the Timucuans were ultimately succeeded by other tribes, such as the Seminoles. In the 1860s, Samuel O. Howse purchased 242 acres of land in the area around Silver River. Silver Springs became known as Florida's first tourist attraction beginning with glass-bottom boat (invented by Hullam Jones and Phillip Morrell) tours in the late 1870s. W. Carl Ray and W.M. "Shorty" Davidson of Ocala further developed the land surround the springs into what is now know as Silver Springs Nature Theme Park. Alternative Title Silver Springs Collection Subject Silver Springs (Fla.) Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/50" target="_blank">Marion County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Silver Springs, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference Martin, Richard A. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/952964" target="_blank">Eternal Spring; Man's 10,000 Years of History at Florida's Silver Springs</a>. St. Petersburg, Fla: Great Outdoors Pub. Co, 1966. Rockwell, Lilly. "<a href="http://www.floridatrend.com/article/15745/spring-woes-in-florida" target="_blank">Spring woes in Florida</a>." Florida Trend, June 20, 2013. http://www.floridatrend.com/article/15745/spring-woes-in-florida. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Juniper Springs Recreation Area, 1997 Alternative Title Juniper Springs Subject Silver Springs (Fla.) Springs--Florida Parks--Florida Description The Juniper Springs Recreation Area, located at 26701 Florida State Road 40 in the Ocala National Forest in Silver Springs, Florida, in 1997. In the first photograph, Dennis Cepero (b. 1986) can be seen on the far right. In the second photograph, the siblings swimming in the center of the springs are, from left to right, Alicia Lynn Cepero (b. 1975), Dennis Cepero, and Laura Lynn Cepero (b. 1987). In the 1930s, the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) constructed the complex with picnic areas, a campground, and various trails. Type Still Image Source Original color photograph, 1997: Private Collection of Nancy Lynn Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/38" target="_blank">Silver Springs Collection</a>, Marion County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color photograph, 1997. Coverage Juniper Springs Recreation Area, Silver Springs, Florida Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Date Created ca. 1997-08 Format image/jpg Extent 202 KB 185 KB Medium 2 color photographs Mediator History Teacher Geography Teacher Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Nancy Lynn Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="http://www.juniper-springs.com/juniper-springs-recreation-area/" target="_blank">JUNIPER SPRINGS RECREATION AREA</a>." Juniper Springs Recreation Area. http://www.juniper-springs.com/juniper-springs-recreation-area/. "<a href="http://www.fs.usda.gov/recarea/ocala/recarea/?recid=34064" target="_blank">Juniper Springs</a>." Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture. http://www.fs.usda.gov/recarea/ocala/recarea/?recid=34064. "<a href="http://www.floridasprings.org/visit/map/juniper-spring/" target="_blank">Juniper Springs</a>." Florida's Springs. http://www.floridasprings.org/visit/map/juniper-spring/. Alicia Lynn Cepero Dennis Cepero Juniper Springs Juniper Springs Recreation Area Laura Lynn Cepero Marion County parks Silver Springs https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/c8c21c0c1d0fc2b7ffdb74391479c1c2.jpg d58da6be86d3611cfea6feb07ab074d3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Silver Springs Collection Description Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of Silver Springs, Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around. Silver Springs was originally settled by the Timucuans in the early 1500s. Although they were able to reclaim their territory after Spanish invasion, the Timucuans were ultimately succeeded by other tribes, such as the Seminoles. In the 1860s, Samuel O. Howse purchased 242 acres of land in the area around Silver River. Silver Springs became known as Florida's first tourist attraction beginning with glass-bottom boat (invented by Hullam Jones and Phillip Morrell) tours in the late 1870s. W. Carl Ray and W.M. "Shorty" Davidson of Ocala further developed the land surround the springs into what is now know as Silver Springs Nature Theme Park. Alternative Title Silver Springs Collection Subject Silver Springs (Fla.) Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/50" target="_blank">Marion County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Silver Springs, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference Martin, Richard A. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/952964" target="_blank">Eternal Spring; Man's 10,000 Years of History at Florida's Silver Springs</a>. St. Petersburg, Fla: Great Outdoors Pub. Co, 1966. Rockwell, Lilly. "<a href="http://www.floridatrend.com/article/15745/spring-woes-in-florida" target="_blank">Spring woes in Florida</a>." Florida Trend, June 20, 2013. http://www.floridatrend.com/article/15745/spring-woes-in-florida. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Alligator at Silver Springs State Park Alternative Title Alligator at Silver Springs Subject Silver Springs (Fla.) Springs--Florida Parks--Florida Alligators--Florida Description An alligator at the Silver Springs State Park, formerly located at 1425 Northeast 58th Avenue in Silver Springs, Florida, in 1999. Silver Springs was originally settled by the Timucuans in the early 1500s. Although they were able to reclaim their territory after Spanish invasion, the Timucuans were ultimately succeeded by other tribes, such as the Seminoles. In the 1850s, Silver Springs began to attract tourists for steamboat rides. The park's popularity skyrocketed when the glass-bottom boat was invented in 1878. Type Still Image Source Original color photographs, 1999: Private Collection of Nancy Lynn Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/38" target="_blank">Silver Springs Collection</a>, Marion County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color photographs, 1999. Coverage Silver Springs State Park, Silver Springs, Florida Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Date Created ca. 1999-02 Format image/jpg Extent 165 KB Medium 1 color photograph Mediator History Teacher Geography Teacher Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Nancy Lynn Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="http://www.juniper-springs.com/juniper-springs-recreation-area/" target="_blank">Silver Springs State Park</a>." Silver Springs State Park. http://www.juniper-springs.com/juniper-springs-recreation-area/. "<a href="http://www.fs.usda.gov/recarea/ocala/recarea/?recid=34064" target="_blank">Silver Springs</a>." Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture. http://www.fs.usda.gov/recarea/ocala/recarea/?recid=34064. "<a href="http://www.floridasprings.org/visit/map/juniper-spring/" target="_blank">Silver Springs</a>." Florida's Springs. http://www.floridasprings.org/visit/map/juniper-spring/. alligators gators parks Sabatino, Nancy Lynn Silver Springs Silver Springs State Park springs https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/6068099a9afe013d1033004b36f7de67.jpg 52361da50cc72eeeac9fdfbc95ca1d8a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Silver Springs Collection Description Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of Silver Springs, Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around. Silver Springs was originally settled by the Timucuans in the early 1500s. Although they were able to reclaim their territory after Spanish invasion, the Timucuans were ultimately succeeded by other tribes, such as the Seminoles. In the 1860s, Samuel O. Howse purchased 242 acres of land in the area around Silver River. Silver Springs became known as Florida's first tourist attraction beginning with glass-bottom boat (invented by Hullam Jones and Phillip Morrell) tours in the late 1870s. W. Carl Ray and W.M. "Shorty" Davidson of Ocala further developed the land surround the springs into what is now know as Silver Springs Nature Theme Park. Alternative Title Silver Springs Collection Subject Silver Springs (Fla.) Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/50" target="_blank">Marion County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Silver Springs, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference Martin, Richard A. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/952964" target="_blank">Eternal Spring; Man's 10,000 Years of History at Florida's Silver Springs</a>. St. Petersburg, Fla: Great Outdoors Pub. Co, 1966. Rockwell, Lilly. "<a href="http://www.floridatrend.com/article/15745/spring-woes-in-florida" target="_blank">Spring woes in Florida</a>." Florida Trend, June 20, 2013. http://www.floridatrend.com/article/15745/spring-woes-in-florida. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Silver Springs State Park, 1999 Alternative Title Silver Springs Subject Silver Springs (Fla.) Springs--Florida Parks--Florida Description Ray (née Raúl) Cepero (b. 1947) and his wife, Nancy Lynn Cepero (b. 1954), at the Silver Springs State Park, formerly located at 1425 Northeast 58th Avenue in Silver Springs, Florida, in 1999. Silver Springs was originally settled by the Timucuans in the early 1500s. Although they were able to reclaim their territory after Spanish invasion, the Timucuans were ultimately succeeded by other tribes, such as the Seminoles. In the 1850s, Silver Springs began to attract tourists for steamboat rides. The park's popularity skyrocketed when the glass-bottom boat was invented in 1878. Type Still Image Source Original color photograph, 1999: Private Collection of Nancy Lynn Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/38" target="_blank">Silver Springs Collection</a>, Marion County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color photograph, 1999. Coverage Silver Springs State Park, Silver Springs, Florida Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Date Created ca. 1999-02 Format image/jpg Extent 134 KB Medium 1 color photograph Language eng Mediator History Teacher Geography Teacher Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Nancy Lynn Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="http://www.juniper-springs.com/juniper-springs-recreation-area/" target="_blank">Silver Springs State Park</a>." Silver Springs State Park. http://www.juniper-springs.com/juniper-springs-recreation-area/. "<a href="http://www.fs.usda.gov/recarea/ocala/recarea/?recid=34064" target="_blank">Silver Springs</a>." Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture. http://www.fs.usda.gov/recarea/ocala/recarea/?recid=34064. "<a href="http://www.floridasprings.org/visit/map/juniper-spring/" target="_blank">Silver Springs</a>." Florida's Springs. http://www.floridasprings.org/visit/map/juniper-spring/. Transcript FLORIDA'S SILVER SPRINGS MAIN ENTRANCE Nancy Lynn Cepero Nancy Lynn Sabatino parks Raúl Cepero Ray Cepero Silver Springs Silver Springs State Park springs https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/797b3af96b0c1d859049e09bdf0f92d5.jpg f453a75f0ed1532fa27c86c9469df6b3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Laura Cepero Collection Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Weeki Wachee Springs State Park, 1991 Alternative Title Weeki Wachee Subject Weeki Wachee (Fla.) Spring Hill (Fla.) Springs--Florida Parks--Florida Description Members of the Cepero family at Weeki Wachee Springs State Park in 1991. Photographed from left to right are Dennis Cepero (b. 1986), Ray (née Raúl) Cepero (b. 1947), David Cepero (b. 1978), Laura Lynn Cepero (b. 1987), and Alicia Lynn Cepero (b. 1975). Weeki Wachee, located at 6131 Commercial Way in Spring Hill, Florida, is best known for its famous tourist attraction, Weeki Wachee Springs. Weeki Wachee Springs features performances by underwater mermaids, a glass-bottom boat ride, and other natural attractions. The springs are named after the Seminole words for "little spring" or "winding river." In 1946, former U.S. Navy member Newt Perry (1908-1987) began to develop a tourist attraction at Weeki Wachee. By the 1950s, Weeki Wachee was one of the top tourist stops in the United States. The American Broadcasting Company (ABC) purchased the site in 1959 and continued to expand. In 2008, Weeki Wachee was taken over by the state of Florida as a state park. Type Still Image Source Original color photograph by Nancy Lynn Cepero, 1991: Private Collection of Nancy Lynn Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/collections/show/213" target="_blank">Laura Cepero Collection</a>, RICHES. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color photograph by Nancy Lynn Cepero, 1991. Coverage Weeki Wachee Springs State Park, Spring Hill, Florida Creator Cepero, Nancy Lynn Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Date Created ca. 1991-06 Format image/jpg Extent 127 KB Medium 2 color photographs Language eng Mediator History Teacher Economics Teacher Geography Teacher Provenance Originally created by Nancy Lynn Cepero. Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Nancy Lynn Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="http://weekiwachee.com/about-us/history-of-weeki-wachee-springs.html" target="_blank">History of Weeki Wachee Springs</a>." Weeki Wachee Springs State Park. http://weekiwachee.com/about-us/history-of-weeki-wachee-springs.html. Pelland, Maryan, and Dan Pelland. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/67516850" target="_blank">Weeki Wachee Springs</a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 2005. Vickers, Lu, and Bonnie Georgiadis. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/780478262" target="_blank">Weeki Wachee Mermaids: Thirty Years of Underwater Photography</a>. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2012. Transcript Weeki Wachee Alicia Lynn Cepero Commercial Way Dave Cepero David Cepero Dennis Cepero Laura Lynn Cepero Nancy Lynn Cepero Nancy Lynn Sabatino parks Raúl Cepero Ray Cepero Spring Hill Weeki Wachee Weeki Wachee Springs State Park https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/ea0500cd2d6f8052ad890637f156a13b.jpg fc8f3d5a653389afaeb179110c0909ea https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/2c1d98c19ce90d9586dccdadb45a2c96.jpg a21f0796d063983c38b88e7fd5b75832 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/a3a36161445b388b03004fb8d720666f.jpg b9d3c473f65bd8d40ed76f2d8b9942dd Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Laura Cepero Collection Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Mermaids at Weeki Wachee Springs State Park, 1974 Alternative Title Weeki Wachee Mermaids Subject Weeki Wachee (Fla.) Mermaids--Florida Springs--Florida Parks--Florida Description Mermaids at Weeki Wachee Springs State Park in 1974. Weeki Wachee, located at 6131 Commercial Way in Spring Hill, Florida, is best known for its famous tourist attraction, Weeki Wachee Springs. Weeki Wachee Springs features performances by underwater mermaids, a glass-bottom boat ride, and other natural attractions. The springs are named after the Seminole words for "little spring" or "winding river." In 1946, former U.S. Navy member Newt Perry (1908-1987) began to develop a tourist attraction at Weeki Wachee. By the 1950s, Weeki Wachee was one of the top tourist stops in the United States. The American Broadcasting Company (ABC) purchased the site in 1959 and continued to expand. In 2008, Weeki Wachee was taken over by the state of Florida as a state park. Type Still Image Source Original color photographs, 1974: Private Collection of Nancy Lynn Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/collections/show/213" target="_blank">Laura Cepero Collection</a>, RICHES. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color photographs, 1974. Coverage Weeki Wachee Springs State Park, Spring Hill, Florida Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Date Created ca. 1974-09 Format image/jpg Extent 103 KB 107 KB 127 KB Medium 3 color photographs Mediator History Teacher Economics Teacher Geography Teacher Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Nancy Lynn Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="http://weekiwachee.com/about-us/history-of-weeki-wachee-springs.html" target="_blank">History of Weeki Wachee Springs</a>." Weeki Wachee Springs State Park. http://weekiwachee.com/about-us/history-of-weeki-wachee-springs.html. Pelland, Maryan, and Dan Pelland. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/67516850" target="_blank">Weeki Wachee Springs</a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 2005. Vickers, Lu, and Bonnie Georgiadis. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/780478262" target="_blank">Weeki Wachee Mermaids: Thirty Years of Underwater Photography</a>. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2012. Commercial Way mermaids parks Spring Hill tourist attractions Weeki Wachee Weeki Wachee Springs State Park https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/74cbfcbe4846200ef1b31da8a4c39a7b.jpg ba05892b0c64b46b57405476c4d2f883 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Seminole County Collection Alternative Title Seminole County Collection Subject Seminole County (Fla.) Altamonte Springs (Fla.) Casselberry (Fla.) Goldenrod (Fla.) Heathrow (Fla.) Lake Mary (Fla.) Longwood (Fla.) Oviedo (Fla.) Sanford (Fla.) Winter Springs (Fla.) Description Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of Seminole County, Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around. Mosquito County, a massive county south of St. Johns County that consisted of much of Central Florida was established in 1824. In 1845, Mosquito County was renamed Orange County when Florida earned statehood. This new county included present-day Osceola County, Seminole County, Lake County, and Volusia County. Orange County was named so for the area's major fruit crop: oranges. The area was devastated by a freeze during the winter of 1895-1896, which allowed for subsequent land speculators to initiate a land boom in Florida, with Orlando becoming a "boom town." Seminole County separated from Orange on April 25, 1913, and was named for the Seminole tribes that originally inhabited the area. In the early-1900s, Seminole County was known for its agricultural development and close proximity to shipping lanes. By the 1920s, citizens in Seminole County, particularly in Sanford, soon shifted their interests in making the area a tourist destination. Language eng Type Collection Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Contributor <a href="http://www.cfmemory.org/" target="_blank">Central Florida Memory</a> Cepero, Laura Lynn Cepero, Nancy Lynn <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> <a href="http://www.sanfordfl.gov/index.aspx?page=456" target="_blank">Sanford Museum</a> Has Part <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/118" target="_blank">Altamonte Springs Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/117" target="_blank">Casselberry Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/54" target="_blank">Geneva Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/55" target="_blank">Geneva Historical & Genealogical Society Collection</a>, Geneva Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/56" target="_blank">Goldenrod Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/57" target="_blank">Goldenrod Historical Society & Museum Collection</a>, Goldenrod Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/129" target="_blank">Heathrow Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/119" target="_blank">Lake Mary Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/43" target="_blank">Longwood Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/128" target="_blank">Oviedo Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/147" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society Collection</a>, Oviedo Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/16" target="_blank">Sanford Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/82" target="_blank">Celery Soup: Florida's Folk Life Play Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/65" target="_blank">Churches of Sanford Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/131" target="_blank">Creative Sanford, Inc. Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/41" target="_blank">Georgetown Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/78" target="_blank">Marie J. Francis Collection</a>, Georgetown Collection, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/101" target="_blank">Sanford Avenue Collection</a>, Georgetown Collection, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/79" target="_blank">Goldsboro Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/116" target="_blank">Henry L. DeForest Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/12" target="_blank">Hotel Forrest Lake Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/14" target="_blank">Ice Houses of Sanford Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/42" target="_blank">Milane Theatre Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/13" target="_blank">Naval Air Station Sanford Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/15" target="_blank">Sanford Baseball Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/61" target="_blank">Sanford Cigar Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/10" target="_blank">Sanford Riverfront Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/11" target="_blank">Sanford State Farmers' Market Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/30" target="_blank">Seminole County Centennial Celebration Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/31" target="_blank">Student Museum and UCF Public History Center Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/32" target="_blank">General Photographic Collection</a>, Student Museum and UCF Public History Center Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/73" target="_blank">Seminole County Public Schools Collection</a>, Student Museum and UCF Public History Center Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/125" target="_blank">Winter Springs Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>. Coverage Seminole County, Florida Altamonte Springs, Florida Casselberry, Florida Goldenrod, Florida Heathrow, Florida Lake Mary, Florida Longwood , Florida Oviedo, Florida Sanford, Florida Winter Springs, Florida Contributing Project <a href="http://www.cfmemory.org/" target="_blank">Central Florida Memory</a> Curator Cepero, Laura External Reference Bentley, Altermese Smith. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/45705201" target="_blank">Seminole County</a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 2000. "<a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/index.aspx" target="_blank">Seminole County Government </a>." Seminole County Government. http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/index.aspx. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/52607030" target="_blank">Early Days of Seminole County, Florida: Where Central Florida History Began</a>. [Sanford, Fla.]: Seminole County Historical Commission, 2002. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Lake Howell High School Senior Powderpuff Cheerleading Squad, 2005 Alternative Title Lake Howell High Powderpuff Subject Winter Springs (Fla.) Schools Cheerleading--United States Description Lake Howell High School senior Powderpuff cheerleading squad in 2005. Lake Howell High School is a public high school located at 4200 Dike Road in Winter Park, Florida. Although its mailing address is Winter Park, which is part of Orange County, the school is geographically located in Seminole County and serves students in Winter Springs and Oviedo. The school was established in 1975 and has over 2,000 students. The term "powderpuff" is used describe the participation of females in traditionally male sports, such as football, and the participation of males in traditionally female sports, such as cheerleading. Powderpuff football games are a tradition for many American high schools and universities. The first powderpuff football game was held on October 20, 1945, at Eastern State Teachers College in Madison, South Dakota. The idea for a female football team arose out of the lack of male football players due to the military draft during World War II. Powderpuff became popularized in 1972 when two high schools in Connecticut, Mark T. Sheehan High School and Lyman Hall High School, held a game between their female students. Type Still Image Source Original color photograph, 2005: Private Collection of Nancy Lynn Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/44" target="_blank">Seminole County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color photograph, 2005. Coverage Lake Howell High School, Winter Springs, Florida Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Date Created ca. 2005-09 Format image/jpg Extent 119 KB Medium 1 color photograph Language eng Mediator History Teacher Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Nancy Lynn Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="http://teachercenter.scps.k12.fl.us/education/school/school.php?sectionid=47" target="_blank">Tuskawilla Middle School</a>." Tuskawilla Middle School, Seminole County Public Schools. http://teachercenter.scps.k12.fl.us/education/school/school.php?sectionid=47. "<a href="http://www.lakehowell.scps.k12.fl.us/" target="_blank">Lake Howell High School</a>." Lake Howell High School, Seminole County Public Schools. http://www.lakehowell.scps.k12.fl.us/. Robison, Jim. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/796757419" target="_blank">Around Oviedo</a>. 2012. cheerleader cheerleaders cheerleading Dike Road flag football football footballs high schools Lake Howell High School Powderpuff seniors Winter Springs https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/f0eb204c75234f777214a053b61ce4b0.jpg 417d5f606aa6506b390c8f946b9ae5a0 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/5593d516fc6139f00b3a26ae465ef32f.jpg 27bdcd44ad668b4885488c1e89d0f9c2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Seminole County Collection Alternative Title Seminole County Collection Subject Seminole County (Fla.) Altamonte Springs (Fla.) Casselberry (Fla.) Goldenrod (Fla.) Heathrow (Fla.) Lake Mary (Fla.) Longwood (Fla.) Oviedo (Fla.) Sanford (Fla.) Winter Springs (Fla.) Description Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of Seminole County, Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around. Mosquito County, a massive county south of St. Johns County that consisted of much of Central Florida was established in 1824. In 1845, Mosquito County was renamed Orange County when Florida earned statehood. This new county included present-day Osceola County, Seminole County, Lake County, and Volusia County. Orange County was named so for the area's major fruit crop: oranges. The area was devastated by a freeze during the winter of 1895-1896, which allowed for subsequent land speculators to initiate a land boom in Florida, with Orlando becoming a "boom town." Seminole County separated from Orange on April 25, 1913, and was named for the Seminole tribes that originally inhabited the area. In the early-1900s, Seminole County was known for its agricultural development and close proximity to shipping lanes. By the 1920s, citizens in Seminole County, particularly in Sanford, soon shifted their interests in making the area a tourist destination. Language eng Type Collection Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Contributor <a href="http://www.cfmemory.org/" target="_blank">Central Florida Memory</a> Cepero, Laura Lynn Cepero, Nancy Lynn <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> <a href="http://www.sanfordfl.gov/index.aspx?page=456" target="_blank">Sanford Museum</a> Has Part <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/118" target="_blank">Altamonte Springs Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/117" target="_blank">Casselberry Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/54" target="_blank">Geneva Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/55" target="_blank">Geneva Historical & Genealogical Society Collection</a>, Geneva Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/56" target="_blank">Goldenrod Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/57" target="_blank">Goldenrod Historical Society & Museum Collection</a>, Goldenrod Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/129" target="_blank">Heathrow Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/119" target="_blank">Lake Mary Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/43" target="_blank">Longwood Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/128" target="_blank">Oviedo Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/147" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society Collection</a>, Oviedo Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/16" target="_blank">Sanford Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/82" target="_blank">Celery Soup: Florida's Folk Life Play Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/65" target="_blank">Churches of Sanford Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/131" target="_blank">Creative Sanford, Inc. Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/41" target="_blank">Georgetown Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/78" target="_blank">Marie J. Francis Collection</a>, Georgetown Collection, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/101" target="_blank">Sanford Avenue Collection</a>, Georgetown Collection, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/79" target="_blank">Goldsboro Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/116" target="_blank">Henry L. DeForest Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/12" target="_blank">Hotel Forrest Lake Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/14" target="_blank">Ice Houses of Sanford Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/42" target="_blank">Milane Theatre Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/13" target="_blank">Naval Air Station Sanford Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/15" target="_blank">Sanford Baseball Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/61" target="_blank">Sanford Cigar Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/10" target="_blank">Sanford Riverfront Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/11" target="_blank">Sanford State Farmers' Market Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/30" target="_blank">Seminole County Centennial Celebration Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/31" target="_blank">Student Museum and UCF Public History Center Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/32" target="_blank">General Photographic Collection</a>, Student Museum and UCF Public History Center Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/73" target="_blank">Seminole County Public Schools Collection</a>, Student Museum and UCF Public History Center Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/125" target="_blank">Winter Springs Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>. Coverage Seminole County, Florida Altamonte Springs, Florida Casselberry, Florida Goldenrod, Florida Heathrow, Florida Lake Mary, Florida Longwood , Florida Oviedo, Florida Sanford, Florida Winter Springs, Florida Contributing Project <a href="http://www.cfmemory.org/" target="_blank">Central Florida Memory</a> Curator Cepero, Laura External Reference Bentley, Altermese Smith. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/45705201" target="_blank">Seminole County</a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 2000. "<a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/index.aspx" target="_blank">Seminole County Government </a>." Seminole County Government. http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/index.aspx. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/52607030" target="_blank">Early Days of Seminole County, Florida: Where Central Florida History Began</a>. [Sanford, Fla.]: Seminole County Historical Commission, 2002. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Lake Howell High School Senior Powderpuff Team, 2005 Alternative Title Lake Howell High Powderpuff Subject Winter Springs (Fla.) Schools Football--Florida Sports--Florida Description Lake Howell High School senior Powderpuff flag football team in 2005. Lake Howell High School is a public high school located at 4200 Dike Road in Winter Park, Florida. Although its mailing address is Winter Park, which is part of Orange County, the school is geographically located in Seminole County and serves students in Winter Springs and Oviedo. The school was established in 1975 and has over 2,000 students. The term "powderpuff" is used describe the participation of females in traditionally male sports, such as football, and the participation of males in traditionally female sports, such as cheerleading. Powderpuff football games are a tradition for many American high schools and universities. The first powderpuff football game was held on October 20, 1945, at Eastern State Teachers College in Madison, South Dakota. The idea for a female football team arose out of the lack of male football players due to the military draft during World War II. Powderpuff became popularized in 1972 when two high schools in Connecticut, Mark T. Sheehan High School and Lyman Hall High School, held a game between their female students. Type Still Image Source Original color photographs, 2005: Private Collection of Nancy Lynn Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/44" target="_blank">Seminole County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color photographs, 2005. Coverage Lake Howell High School, Winter Springs, Florida Creator Cepero, Nancy Lynn Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Date Created ca. 2005-09 Format image/jpg Extent 123 KB 130 KB Medium 2 color photographs Mediator History Teacher Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Nancy Lynn Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="http://teachercenter.scps.k12.fl.us/education/school/school.php?sectionid=47" target="_blank">Tuskawilla Middle School</a>." Tuskawilla Middle School, Seminole County Public Schools. http://teachercenter.scps.k12.fl.us/education/school/school.php?sectionid=47. "<a href="http://www.lakehowell.scps.k12.fl.us/" target="_blank">Lake Howell High School</a>." Lake Howell High School, Seminole County Public Schools. http://www.lakehowell.scps.k12.fl.us/. Robison, Jim. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/796757419" target="_blank">Around Oviedo</a>. 2012. Dike Road flag football football footballs high schools Lake Howell High School Powderpuff seniors Winter Springs https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/4f2cdf4905421a2f4c7a2699a474ed9f.jpg fdb130362d8d086bc7dff648ed2756b4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Seminole County Collection Alternative Title Seminole County Collection Subject Seminole County (Fla.) Altamonte Springs (Fla.) Casselberry (Fla.) Goldenrod (Fla.) Heathrow (Fla.) Lake Mary (Fla.) Longwood (Fla.) Oviedo (Fla.) Sanford (Fla.) Winter Springs (Fla.) Description Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of Seminole County, Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around. Mosquito County, a massive county south of St. Johns County that consisted of much of Central Florida was established in 1824. In 1845, Mosquito County was renamed Orange County when Florida earned statehood. This new county included present-day Osceola County, Seminole County, Lake County, and Volusia County. Orange County was named so for the area's major fruit crop: oranges. The area was devastated by a freeze during the winter of 1895-1896, which allowed for subsequent land speculators to initiate a land boom in Florida, with Orlando becoming a "boom town." Seminole County separated from Orange on April 25, 1913, and was named for the Seminole tribes that originally inhabited the area. In the early-1900s, Seminole County was known for its agricultural development and close proximity to shipping lanes. By the 1920s, citizens in Seminole County, particularly in Sanford, soon shifted their interests in making the area a tourist destination. Language eng Type Collection Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Contributor <a href="http://www.cfmemory.org/" target="_blank">Central Florida Memory</a> Cepero, Laura Lynn Cepero, Nancy Lynn <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> <a href="http://www.sanfordfl.gov/index.aspx?page=456" target="_blank">Sanford Museum</a> Has Part <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/118" target="_blank">Altamonte Springs Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/117" target="_blank">Casselberry Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/54" target="_blank">Geneva Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/55" target="_blank">Geneva Historical & Genealogical Society Collection</a>, Geneva Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/56" target="_blank">Goldenrod Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/57" target="_blank">Goldenrod Historical Society & Museum Collection</a>, Goldenrod Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/129" target="_blank">Heathrow Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/119" target="_blank">Lake Mary Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/43" target="_blank">Longwood Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/128" target="_blank">Oviedo Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/147" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society Collection</a>, Oviedo Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/16" target="_blank">Sanford Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/82" target="_blank">Celery Soup: Florida's Folk Life Play Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/65" target="_blank">Churches of Sanford Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/131" target="_blank">Creative Sanford, Inc. Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/41" target="_blank">Georgetown Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/78" target="_blank">Marie J. Francis Collection</a>, Georgetown Collection, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/101" target="_blank">Sanford Avenue Collection</a>, Georgetown Collection, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/79" target="_blank">Goldsboro Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/116" target="_blank">Henry L. DeForest Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/12" target="_blank">Hotel Forrest Lake Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/14" target="_blank">Ice Houses of Sanford Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/42" target="_blank">Milane Theatre Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/13" target="_blank">Naval Air Station Sanford Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/15" target="_blank">Sanford Baseball Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/61" target="_blank">Sanford Cigar Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/10" target="_blank">Sanford Riverfront Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/11" target="_blank">Sanford State Farmers' Market Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/30" target="_blank">Seminole County Centennial Celebration Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/31" target="_blank">Student Museum and UCF Public History Center Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/32" target="_blank">General Photographic Collection</a>, Student Museum and UCF Public History Center Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/73" target="_blank">Seminole County Public Schools Collection</a>, Student Museum and UCF Public History Center Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/125" target="_blank">Winter Springs Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>. Coverage Seminole County, Florida Altamonte Springs, Florida Casselberry, Florida Goldenrod, Florida Heathrow, Florida Lake Mary, Florida Longwood , Florida Oviedo, Florida Sanford, Florida Winter Springs, Florida Contributing Project <a href="http://www.cfmemory.org/" target="_blank">Central Florida Memory</a> Curator Cepero, Laura External Reference Bentley, Altermese Smith. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/45705201" target="_blank">Seminole County</a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 2000. "<a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/index.aspx" target="_blank">Seminole County Government </a>." Seminole County Government. http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/index.aspx. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/52607030" target="_blank">Early Days of Seminole County, Florida: Where Central Florida History Began</a>. [Sanford, Fla.]: Seminole County Historical Commission, 2002. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Lake Howell High School Marching Band with Tuskawilla Middle School Band, 1998 Alternative Title Lake Howell High Band Subject Winter Springs (Fla.) Schools Music--Florida Description The Lake Howell High School marching band performing with the Tuskawilla Middle School band at a football game in 1998. Lake Howell High School is a public high school located at 4200 Dike Road in Winter Park, Florida. Although Lake Howell's mailing address is Winter Park, which is part of Orange County, the school is geographically located in Seminole County and serves students in Winter Springs and Oviedo. The school was established in 1975 and has over 2,000 students. Tuskawilla is located at 1801 Tuskawilla Road in Oviedo, Florida. The majority of Tuskawilla students go on to attend Lake Howell. Type Still Image Source Original color photograph, 1998: Private Collection of Nancy Lynn Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/44" target="_blank">Seminole County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color photograph, 1998. Coverage Lake Howell High School, Winter Springs, Florida Tuskawilla Middle School, Oviedo, Florida Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Date Created ca. 1998-06 Format image/jpg Extent 143 KB Medium 1 color photograph Language eng Mediator History Teacher Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Nancy Lynn Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="http://teachercenter.scps.k12.fl.us/education/school/school.php?sectionid=47" target="_blank">Tuskawilla Middle School</a>." Tuskawilla Middle School, Seminole County Public Schools. http://teachercenter.scps.k12.fl.us/education/school/school.php?sectionid=47. "<a href="http://www.lakehowell.scps.k12.fl.us/" target="_blank">Lake Howell High School</a>." Lake Howell High School, Seminole County Public Schools. http://www.lakehowell.scps.k12.fl.us/. Robison, Jim. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/796757419" target="_blank">Around Oviedo</a>. 2012. Transcript GREENE football footballs high school high schools Lake Howell High School marching bands middle schools Tuskawilla Middle School Winter Springs https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/4eaaf44a13174548cb7fc872c371fdff.jpg 5e2978215c4352bda98caab98794bc0d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Seminole County Collection Alternative Title Seminole County Collection Subject Seminole County (Fla.) Altamonte Springs (Fla.) Casselberry (Fla.) Goldenrod (Fla.) Heathrow (Fla.) Lake Mary (Fla.) Longwood (Fla.) Oviedo (Fla.) Sanford (Fla.) Winter Springs (Fla.) Description Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of Seminole County, Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around. Mosquito County, a massive county south of St. Johns County that consisted of much of Central Florida was established in 1824. In 1845, Mosquito County was renamed Orange County when Florida earned statehood. This new county included present-day Osceola County, Seminole County, Lake County, and Volusia County. Orange County was named so for the area's major fruit crop: oranges. The area was devastated by a freeze during the winter of 1895-1896, which allowed for subsequent land speculators to initiate a land boom in Florida, with Orlando becoming a "boom town." Seminole County separated from Orange on April 25, 1913, and was named for the Seminole tribes that originally inhabited the area. In the early-1900s, Seminole County was known for its agricultural development and close proximity to shipping lanes. By the 1920s, citizens in Seminole County, particularly in Sanford, soon shifted their interests in making the area a tourist destination. Language eng Type Collection Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Contributor <a href="http://www.cfmemory.org/" target="_blank">Central Florida Memory</a> Cepero, Laura Lynn Cepero, Nancy Lynn <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> <a href="http://www.sanfordfl.gov/index.aspx?page=456" target="_blank">Sanford Museum</a> Has Part <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/118" target="_blank">Altamonte Springs Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/117" target="_blank">Casselberry Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/54" target="_blank">Geneva Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/55" target="_blank">Geneva Historical & Genealogical Society Collection</a>, Geneva Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/56" target="_blank">Goldenrod Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/57" target="_blank">Goldenrod Historical Society & Museum Collection</a>, Goldenrod Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/129" target="_blank">Heathrow Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/119" target="_blank">Lake Mary Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/43" target="_blank">Longwood Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/128" target="_blank">Oviedo Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/147" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society Collection</a>, Oviedo Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/16" target="_blank">Sanford Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/82" target="_blank">Celery Soup: Florida's Folk Life Play Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/65" target="_blank">Churches of Sanford Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/131" target="_blank">Creative Sanford, Inc. Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/41" target="_blank">Georgetown Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/78" target="_blank">Marie J. Francis Collection</a>, Georgetown Collection, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/101" target="_blank">Sanford Avenue Collection</a>, Georgetown Collection, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/79" target="_blank">Goldsboro Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/116" target="_blank">Henry L. DeForest Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/12" target="_blank">Hotel Forrest Lake Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/14" target="_blank">Ice Houses of Sanford Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/42" target="_blank">Milane Theatre Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/13" target="_blank">Naval Air Station Sanford Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/15" target="_blank">Sanford Baseball Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/61" target="_blank">Sanford Cigar Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/10" target="_blank">Sanford Riverfront Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/11" target="_blank">Sanford State Farmers' Market Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/30" target="_blank">Seminole County Centennial Celebration Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/31" target="_blank">Student Museum and UCF Public History Center Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/32" target="_blank">General Photographic Collection</a>, Student Museum and UCF Public History Center Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/73" target="_blank">Seminole County Public Schools Collection</a>, Student Museum and UCF Public History Center Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/125" target="_blank">Winter Springs Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>. Coverage Seminole County, Florida Altamonte Springs, Florida Casselberry, Florida Goldenrod, Florida Heathrow, Florida Lake Mary, Florida Longwood , Florida Oviedo, Florida Sanford, Florida Winter Springs, Florida Contributing Project <a href="http://www.cfmemory.org/" target="_blank">Central Florida Memory</a> Curator Cepero, Laura External Reference Bentley, Altermese Smith. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/45705201" target="_blank">Seminole County</a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 2000. "<a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/index.aspx" target="_blank">Seminole County Government </a>." Seminole County Government. http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/index.aspx. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/52607030" target="_blank">Early Days of Seminole County, Florida: Where Central Florida History Began</a>. [Sanford, Fla.]: Seminole County Historical Commission, 2002. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Graduation at Lake Howell High School, 1995 Alternative Title Lake Howell High Graduation Subject Winter Springs (Fla.) Schools Graduation ceremonies--United States Education--Florida Description A graduation ceremony at Lake Howell High School, a public high school located at 4200 Dike Road in Winter Park, Florida. Although its mailing address is Winter Park, which is part of Orange County, the school is geographically located in Seminole County and serves students in Winter Springs and Oviedo. The school was established in 1975 and has over 2,000 students. Type Still Image Source Original color photograph, 1995: Private Collection of Nancy Lynn Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/44" target="_blank">Seminole County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color photograph, 1995. Coverage Lake Howell High School, Winter Springs, Florida Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Date Created ca. 1995-06 Format image/jpg Extent 128 KB Medium 1 color photograph Mediator History Teacher Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Nancy Lynn Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="http://www.lakehowell.scps.k12.fl.us/" target="_blank">Lake Howell High School</a>." Lake Howell High School, Seminole County Public Schools. http://www.lakehowell.scps.k12.fl.us/. Robison, Jim. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/796757419" target="_blank">Around Oviedo</a>. 2012. commencement graduation graduations high schools Lake Howell High School Winter Springs https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/265ab72af5f9921affbaea28e64ba43b.jpg 7ffb9890f84f939143b8eb4e37f414f1 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/c56010a066260f30c043cdc2a831c26d.jpg 056c6c4cb71fe6b03621e9321ec77c04 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/947093acf7eaff03ac2f9dd4fea1c368.jpg 34859eccba80102c6caad65938d4656f https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/387f9df1be460c30e219bcec563376fd.jpg acd7c18cd366c7f6492ac7445ea92f4d https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/acdeecba388e9e19edea6d5f65816f82.jpg eb2ecb8a1da8711bdfb462d24c4875c5 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/6a69ddc2802659457e0591ea2e1efd00.jpg 57ce215218c2f5a0911592204f7612c5 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/1249920735489d13b949f6163c074fab.jpg 079cd8a277285c488c1ad26fc22d9fb2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Oviedo Collection Alternative Title Oviedo Collection Subject Oviedo (Fla.) Description Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of Oviedo, Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around. Oviedo began on the south shore of Lake Jessup as a settlement called Solaria's Wharf. Some of its early settlers include Dr. Henry Foster, Joseph Watts, and Steen Nelson. Citrus and celery dominated the area's farmland, although Central Florida suffered a severe freeze in 1894. Oviedo suffered another disaster in 1914 when a fire wiped out much of the downtown section. Disaster hit again in 1929 with the Wall Street Crash and the beginning of the Great Depression. That same year, Oviedo's fruit crops were decimated by a fruit fly infestation. Another fire destroyed the Wheeler Fertilizer Plant in 1946. Nonetheless, Oviedo continued to grow, with new paved roads going to Geneva and Chuluota and the opening of the Citizens Bank of Oviedo in 1948. In 1949, Oviedo began receing once-a-day bus serviece to Orlando from Greyhound Lines. By 1950, Oviedo was the second largest town in Seminole County, following Sanford. The Oviedo City Hall was built that same year and in 1968, Florida Technological University (present-day University of Central Florida) opened, bringing new residents to the area. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/44" target="_blank">Seminole County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2494" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 41: Oviedo, with Dr. Richard Adicks</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2494. Robison, Jim. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/796757419" target="_blank">Around Oviedo</a>. 2012. Adicks, Richard, and Donna M. Neely. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5890131" target="_blank">Oviedo, Biography of a Town</a>. [Place of publication not identified]: [publisher not identified], 1979. "<a href="http://www.cityofoviedo.net/node/68" target="_blank">History</a>." City of Oviedo, Florida. http://www.cityofoviedo.net/node/68. "Oviedo Began as Solaria's Wharf." The Oviedo Heritage, June 30, 1977. Contributor Cepero, Laura Lynn Cepero, Nancy Lynn Cepero, Ray Coverage Oviedo, Florida Has Part <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/147" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society Collection</a>, Oviedo Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Oviedo Marketplace, 2005 Alternative Title Oviedo Marketplace Subject Oviedo (Fla.) Shopping malls--United States Restaurants--Florida Description The Oviedo Marketplace, located at 1700 Oviedo Marketplace Boulevard (present-day Oviedo Mall B oulevard) in Oviedo, Florida, in 2005. The first photograph shows Pizzeria Regina and Cajun Grill. The second photograph features Master Wok, Meditterranean Gourmet, and Subway. The third shows Gringo's, Sarku Japan, Chick-Fil-A, and Cajun Grill. Ben & Jerry's and Barnie's Coffee and Tea Company are featured in the fourth photograph. The fifth photograph again features Cajun Grill, Chick-Fil-A, Sarku Japan, and Gringo's. The sixth photograph shows Regal Cinemas and the last photograph features three retail stands in front of FYE. The Oviedo Marketplace opened in 1998 with General Growth Properties as its owner. The mall struggled financially following the economic recession in 2008, and in 2010, CW Capital purchased the mall. The mall's new manager, Urban Retail Properties, changed the name to the Oviedo Mall, installed a new play area for children, and began hosting various community events. In March of 2013, the Oviedo Mall was sold to 3D Investments. Type Still Image Source Original color photographs by Laura Lynn Cepero, 2005: Private Collection of Nancy Lynn Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/1283" target="_blank">Oviedo Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color photographs by Laura Lynn Cepero, 2005. Coverage Oviedo Marketplace, Oviedo, Florida Creator Cepero, Laura Lynn Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Date Created ca. 2005-09 Format image/jpg Extent 147 KB 140 KB 141 KB 146 KB 142 KB 185 KB 120 KB Medium 7 color photographs Language eng Mediator History Teacher Economics Teacher Provenance Originally created by Laura Lynn Cepero. Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Nancy Lynn Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="http://www.myoviedomall.com/" target="_blank">Oviedo Mall</a>." Oviedo Mall. http://www.myoviedomall.com/. Pedicini, Sandra. "<a href="http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2013-03-21/business/os-oviedo-mall-sold-20130321_1_oviedo-mall-new-owner-urban-retail-properties" target="_blank">Oviedo Mall has a new owner</a>." The Orlando Sentinel, March 21, 2013. http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2013-03-21/business/os-oviedo-mall-sold-20130321_1_oviedo-mall-new-owner-urban-retail-properties. Transcript Pizzeria Regina MONDAY-THURSDAY SUPER SPECIAL 2 Large Cheese Pizza $15.99 plus tax 4:00PM - Closing BOSTON'S BRICK OVER PIZZA [illegible] CAJUN GRILL SUBWAY Mediterranean Gourmet GYROS MASTER WOK CAJUN GRILL Chick-Fil-A Sarku JAPAN Gringo's TACOS BURGERS DOG[?] BEN & JERRY'S BARNIE'S COFFEE AND TEA COMPANY FRUIT FREEZE[sic] REGAL CINEMAS Silver Wear FYE Spa To Go [illegible] Barnie's Coffee and Tea Company Ben & Jerry's Cajun Grill Chick-Fil-A food courts Gringo's Laura Lynn Cepero Master Wok Mediterranean Gourmet movie theaters Oviedo Oviedo Mall Oviedo Marketplace Oviedo Marketplace Boulevard Pizzeria Regina Regal Cinemas restaurants Sarku Japan shopping malls Subway https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/a746ca123580a62685ede74ac1dac3d4.jpg c864fc697cbcc531e2ca69826dd51433 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/2a01cb8e61cf11846afbecf0e04d6880.jpg 95027cda806422b94825e670b4a3cdb1 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/0055da5554360823d477fa06146bea15.jpg e12f032cca875b870c39cd00185c0d82 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/4a8c505204ea7be9b3bd7174fe36be22.jpg 9b5db3232d0ea68a97d3a34bc596ac89 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/66b408fbabe7ed2a76c6fa687462018a.jpg 7a175e0ebe283aee23a08eb0bc48dd43 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/154bd3589e93a9753810d4f9fe6ffb3f.jpg bbb5690d2685bdb3415c53da654eb879 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/0b4c282d9eb4040d63b6104e94c52cbc.jpg 43dd35e95b0a344a84d113247352c781 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/c2d9cc108a0f67ee523952f4bd022179.jpg 5dc4da4d665c410d1f790fd1b7cbfe14 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/f7f2ad579961fc7ae5b2f00961496031.jpg 63622d09c6dac62ca907506905f25970 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/3093f58c963de47ec9563c551e825a01.jpg 226fde96cb3e512bd415a41e8eb229b6 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/023b7d027b873d2b1aae21be9fc9702f.jpg 4d0e258d3e6c98bfbabd6503ffde2627 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Oviedo Collection Alternative Title Oviedo Collection Subject Oviedo (Fla.) Description Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of Oviedo, Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around. Oviedo began on the south shore of Lake Jessup as a settlement called Solaria's Wharf. Some of its early settlers include Dr. Henry Foster, Joseph Watts, and Steen Nelson. Citrus and celery dominated the area's farmland, although Central Florida suffered a severe freeze in 1894. Oviedo suffered another disaster in 1914 when a fire wiped out much of the downtown section. Disaster hit again in 1929 with the Wall Street Crash and the beginning of the Great Depression. That same year, Oviedo's fruit crops were decimated by a fruit fly infestation. Another fire destroyed the Wheeler Fertilizer Plant in 1946. Nonetheless, Oviedo continued to grow, with new paved roads going to Geneva and Chuluota and the opening of the Citizens Bank of Oviedo in 1948. In 1949, Oviedo began receing once-a-day bus serviece to Orlando from Greyhound Lines. By 1950, Oviedo was the second largest town in Seminole County, following Sanford. The Oviedo City Hall was built that same year and in 1968, Florida Technological University (present-day University of Central Florida) opened, bringing new residents to the area. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/44" target="_blank">Seminole County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2494" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 41: Oviedo, with Dr. Richard Adicks</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2494. Robison, Jim. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/796757419" target="_blank">Around Oviedo</a>. 2012. Adicks, Richard, and Donna M. Neely. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5890131" target="_blank">Oviedo, Biography of a Town</a>. [Place of publication not identified]: [publisher not identified], 1979. "<a href="http://www.cityofoviedo.net/node/68" target="_blank">History</a>." City of Oviedo, Florida. http://www.cityofoviedo.net/node/68. "Oviedo Began as Solaria's Wharf." The Oviedo Heritage, June 30, 1977. Contributor Cepero, Laura Lynn Cepero, Nancy Lynn Cepero, Ray Coverage Oviedo, Florida Has Part <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/147" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society Collection</a>, Oviedo Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Hurricane Charley Aftermath in Oviedo Alternative Title Hurricane Charley Aftermath Subject Oviedo (Fla.) Hurricanes--Florida Description The aftermath of Hurricane Charley in Oviedo, Florida. Hurricane Charley formed on August 9, 2004, and dissipated on August 15. Charley was a Category 4 hurricane that made landfall in southwest Florida and was the strongest hurricane to hit the United States since Hurricane Andrew in 1992. Although Hurricane Charley weakened to 85 mph winds while passing over the Central Florida region, it still caused considerable damage, as seen in these photographs. Overall, the hurricane resulted in 8 direct fatalities in Florida and cost the state over $13 billion in damage. Type Still Image Source Original color photographs by Ray Cepero, August 2004: Private Collection of Ray Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/1283" target="_blank">Oviedo Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color photographs by Ray Cepero, August 2004. Coverage Oviedo, Florida Creator Cepero, Ray Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Date Created ca. 2004-08 Format image/jpg Extent 176 KB 176 KB 200 KB 173 KB 158 KB 103 KB 161 KB 139 KB 145 KB 154 KB 193 KB Medium 11 color photographs Mediator History Teacher Geography Teacher Provenance Originally created by Ray Cepero. Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Nancy Lynn Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference Shetty, Raksha. "<a href="http://www.cbsnews.com/news/2-million-urged-to-flee-charley/" target="_blank">2 Million Urged To Flee Charley</a>." CBS News, August 13, 2004. http://www.cbsnews.com/news/2-million-urged-to-flee-charley/. Shetty, Raksha. "<a href="http://www.cbsnews.com/news/hurricane-charley-comes-ashore/" target="_blank">Hurricane Charley Comes Ashore</a>." CBS News, August 14, 2004. http://www.cbsnews.com/news/hurricane-charley-comes-ashore/. Dewan, Sahila K. "<a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2004/08/14/us/hurricane-charley-the-overview-hurricane-rips-path-of-damage-across-florida.html" target="_blank">HURRICANE CHARLEY: THE OVERVIEW; Hurricane Rips Path of Damage Across Florida</a>." The New York Times, August 14, 2004. http://www.nytimes.com/2004/08/14/us/hurricane-charley-the-overview-hurricane-rips-path-of-damage-across-florida.html. Hurricane Charley hurricanes Oviedo Raúl Cepero Ray Cepero https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/bb330f81280fbefe8464eba1cbbbb971.jpg 2b2d03fb7f1c1f75ad41ca548d9a77ee https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/792098492c76bc2763cd0ecf7e860348.jpg 0626efc1dc0e5a48ebab8dc407a529ab https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/d2e078546a7fa4972cd32b178ba29dc5.jpg 5302cc6d66ee8b63214965315c055b9f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Oviedo Collection Alternative Title Oviedo Collection Subject Oviedo (Fla.) Description Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of Oviedo, Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around. Oviedo began on the south shore of Lake Jessup as a settlement called Solaria's Wharf. Some of its early settlers include Dr. Henry Foster, Joseph Watts, and Steen Nelson. Citrus and celery dominated the area's farmland, although Central Florida suffered a severe freeze in 1894. Oviedo suffered another disaster in 1914 when a fire wiped out much of the downtown section. Disaster hit again in 1929 with the Wall Street Crash and the beginning of the Great Depression. That same year, Oviedo's fruit crops were decimated by a fruit fly infestation. Another fire destroyed the Wheeler Fertilizer Plant in 1946. Nonetheless, Oviedo continued to grow, with new paved roads going to Geneva and Chuluota and the opening of the Citizens Bank of Oviedo in 1948. In 1949, Oviedo began receing once-a-day bus serviece to Orlando from Greyhound Lines. By 1950, Oviedo was the second largest town in Seminole County, following Sanford. The Oviedo City Hall was built that same year and in 1968, Florida Technological University (present-day University of Central Florida) opened, bringing new residents to the area. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/44" target="_blank">Seminole County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2494" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 41: Oviedo, with Dr. Richard Adicks</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2494. Robison, Jim. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/796757419" target="_blank">Around Oviedo</a>. 2012. Adicks, Richard, and Donna M. Neely. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5890131" target="_blank">Oviedo, Biography of a Town</a>. [Place of publication not identified]: [publisher not identified], 1979. "<a href="http://www.cityofoviedo.net/node/68" target="_blank">History</a>." City of Oviedo, Florida. http://www.cityofoviedo.net/node/68. "Oviedo Began as Solaria's Wharf." The Oviedo Heritage, June 30, 1977. Contributor Cepero, Laura Lynn Cepero, Nancy Lynn Cepero, Ray Coverage Oviedo, Florida Has Part <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/147" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society Collection</a>, Oviedo Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Black Hammock Trailhead Alternative Title Black Hammock Subject Oviedo (Fla.) Parks--Florida Trails--Florida Description The Black Hammock Trailhead around 2002. The Black Hammock Wilderness Area is a 700-acre property jointly owned by Seminole County and the St. Johns River Water Management District. The area is part of an effort to preserve the habitat along the shores of Lake Jesup in Seminole County, Florida. The trailhead is part of the Cross Seminole Trail, which was created from the former railroad line of the Sanford & Indian River Railroad, running between Sanford and Oviedo. In the early 1900s, a spur was added to the line, running north and east in order to allow farmers of Black Hammock a way to ship their produce to Sanford and Winter Park. The spur was later abandoned due to the advent of automobiles and the decline of the agricultural industry in Black Hammock. The tracks remained until they were purchased by the State of Florida for the Cross Seminole Trail. Type Still Image Source Original color photograph: Private Collection of Nancy Lynn Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/1283" target="_blank">Oviedo Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color photograph. Coverage Black Hammock Trailhead, Lake County, Florida Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Date Created ca. 2002 Format image/jpg Extent 130 KB 121 KB 162 KB Medium 1 color photograph Language eng Mediator History Teacher Geography Teacher Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Nancy Lynn Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/core/fileparse.php/3187/urlt/0023672-bhwatrail-20guide.pdf" target="_blank">Black Hammock Wilderness Area</a>." Parks and Preservation, Seminole County Government. http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/core/fileparse.php/3187/urlt/0023672-bhwatrail-20guide.pdf. Black Hammock Black Hammock Trailhead Black Hammock Wilderness Area Cindy Gennell City of Winter Springs Cross Seminole Trail Daryl McLain David McLeod Dick Van Der Weide Edward Martinez, Jr farmers farming Gary E. Kaiser Grant Maloy Michael S. Blake Oviedo Paul P. Partyka railroad spurs railroad tracks railroads Randall C. Morris Robert S. Miller Ronald W. McLemore Sanford Sanford & Indian Rive Railroad Seminole County State of Florida Win Adams Winter Park Winter Springs https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/046cdd0257b5bb7431d2a1f3f2e57703.jpg c90eec2dd8984a88ae1e9f0a120d5367 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/fc02a15551c0b841cde73de50dbb23f6.jpg 45bf061ae93f7618a110f23c02c09cf5 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/fe14a5207f3efe4e666308ce7ad2925f.jpg aa3bde284ec7bd486f6a64a11d9522e9 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/a7f12095e331a0c2ce7fd92986ab1707.jpg b2d3acb8114b19dcd1dfd86b42982546 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/4e6b439de19e17c6d2985fc29deda180.jpg d0b4affa9c8e296c0b3a67e86266fc53 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/33f76505a8d92ce8117e259c6dbde78f.jpg 6ed824e1a916e42041a4573107fce473 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/2f205fee7f323d334b5a9bde9280d05c.jpg e616ba67812f0e9dbee43b65bdb2967e https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/5c0d68ea954794210e869a14a089265e.jpg 15958141ed746d814241ad4320c7b4eb https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/6d60a637b3b3d0c7596fdae4af377cac.jpg f1d22f2a0a944aca07ff6774c8031b5d https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/58b3f0a420b3756495f9e8e1ca457964.jpg 2d869390752ab448df344fa1be4c00a6 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/6af930f04913112d1955e8a2843bbf55.jpg 9e2c7fbbf825b2582137ba1216cf72d3 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/278deff8b4271fe1cbd95d0830d58e16.jpg 6f34f6d0813c1e82654c7909f2c8d3b4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Orlando Collection Description The Orlando area was originally occupied by the Creek and Seminole tribes. In 1838, Fort Gatlin was erected on the shores of Lake Gatlin, just a few miles south of present-day Downtown Orlando. Centered around Church Street, Orlando became a city in 1884. Originally a cattle town, Orlando grew into a major citrus growing center by the 1920s. The city continued to grow during the Great Depression with aid from the Work Progress Administration (WPA). During World War II, Orlando became a major military center as well, with the development of the McCoy Air Force Base and Pinecastle Air Force Base, and with the addition of the Naval Training Center (NTC) Orlando in 1968. Downtown Orlando declined in the 1960s and 1970s. Redevelopment began in the 1970s and continued into the 1980s, with projects such as the Church Street Station entertainment complex. In 1998, a building boom began and continued through the 2000s. Contributor Cook, Thomas Cepero, Nancy Lynn Cepero, Laura Lynn Alternative Title Orlando Collection Subject Orlando (Fla.) Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/46" target="_blank">Orange County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Orlando, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference Antequino, Stephanie Gaub, and Tana Mosier Porter. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783150094" target="_blank">Lost Orlando</a>. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Pub, 2012. Rajtar, Steve. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70911136" target="_blank">A Guide to Historic Orlando</a>. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2006. "<a href="http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Historic District Walking Tour</a>." City of Orlando. http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf. Has Format <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/69" target="_blank">Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/106" target="_blank">Orlando Remembered Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/126" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Information Center Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/110" target="_blank">Orlando Public Library Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/111" target="_blank">Orlando Regions Bank Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Bill Clinton Speaking at the University of Central Florida, 2012 Alternative Title Bill Clinton at UCF Subject Orlando (Fla.) Colleges Universities Democratic Party Elections--United States Presidents--United States Description Former President Bill Clinton (b. 1946) speaking at a political rally at the University of Central Florida (UCF) in Orlando, Florida, on October 29, 2012. The rally was hosted by the UCF College Democrats and held on behalf of President Barack Obama (b. 1961), who was campaigning for his re-election bid in the Presidential Election of 2012. President Obama was originally scheduled to speak at the rally, but had to cancel due to emergency relief needs for Hurricane Sandy in the northeast. Former Florida Governor Charlie Crist (b. 1956) and Democratic Senator Bill Nelson (b. 1942) also spoke at the rally and can be seen on stage in several of these photographs. President Obama went on to win re-election, defeating his Republican opponent, former Governor of Massachusetts Mitt Romney (b. 1947). President Clinton served as the 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001. He is married to Hillary Clinton (b. 1847), who served as New York Senator from 2001 to 2009 and as U.S. Secretary of State from 2009 to 2013. Before his presidency, President Clinton served as the 50th Attorney General of Arkansas from 1977 to 1979 and as the 40th and 42nd Governor of Arkansas from 1979 to 1981 and from 1983 to 1992, respectively. As president, he presided over the longest period of peacetime economic expansion in American history. His presidency is also known for passing welfare reform, his sex scandal with White House intern Monica Lewinsky (b. 1973), his impeachment for perjury and obstruction of justice in regard to the Lewinsky affair, and his achievement of a budget surplus during the last three years of his administration. Following his presidency, he founded the William J. Clinton Foundation to address various international humanitarian causes. Type Still Image Source Original color digital images by Laura Lynn Cepero, October 29, 2012: Private Collection of Laura Lynn Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/20" target="_blank">Orlando Collection</a>, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Coverage Memory Mall, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida Creator Cepero, Laura Lynn Contributor Cepero, Laura Lynn Date Created 2012-10-29 Format image/jpg Extent 58.8 KB 72.4 KB 36.1 KB 37.1 KB 40.9 KB 41.5 KB 36.9 KB 35.1 KB 37.7 KB 39.1 KB 39.9 KB 32.2 KB Medium 12 color digital images Language eng Mediator History Teacher Civics/Government Teacher Provenance Originally created by Laura Lynn Cepero. Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Laura Lynn Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/williamjclinton/" target="_blank">William J. Clinton </a>." The White House. http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/williamjclinton/. "<a href="https://www.clintonfoundation.org/about/president-clinton" target="_blank">President Clinton</a>." Clinton Foundation. https://www.clintonfoundation.org/about/president-clinton. "<a href="http://www.clintonlibrary.gov/william-j.-clinton-bio.html" target="_blank">Biography -- William J. Clinton</a>." William J. Clinton Presidential Library & Museum. http://www.clintonlibrary.gov/william-j.-clinton-bio.html. Clinton, Bill. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/55667797" target="_blank">My Life</a>. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2004. Hamilton, Nigel. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/52178614/" target="_blank">Bill Clinton: An American Journey</a>. New York: Random House, 2003. Transcript FORWARD! Bill Clinton Bill Nelson Charles Joseph Crist, Jr. Charlie Crist Clarence William Nelson II Democratic Party Democrats election campaigns Laura Lynn Cepero Memory Mall orlando political rallies political rally president Presidential Election of 2012 UCF University of Central Florida William Jefferson Blythe III William Jefferson Clinton https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/01d96001064a40455d7599318cc121e6.jpg 7d7a1c28c12206bfd1a0e729569f6717 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/5e2df562583b969b5b024646b03207fe.jpg ed66ab40d274b4cd1e2325679f71af44 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/59446baadc00358708fab840c0b017db.jpg 6094fdfbc8076cb25c4edfb3ebe30647 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/ddb8c4a3ba5b6f44570a640377ff55d7.jpg 2f05217d2a039a978b6792344fb0cd76 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Orlando Collection Description The Orlando area was originally occupied by the Creek and Seminole tribes. In 1838, Fort Gatlin was erected on the shores of Lake Gatlin, just a few miles south of present-day Downtown Orlando. Centered around Church Street, Orlando became a city in 1884. Originally a cattle town, Orlando grew into a major citrus growing center by the 1920s. The city continued to grow during the Great Depression with aid from the Work Progress Administration (WPA). During World War II, Orlando became a major military center as well, with the development of the McCoy Air Force Base and Pinecastle Air Force Base, and with the addition of the Naval Training Center (NTC) Orlando in 1968. Downtown Orlando declined in the 1960s and 1970s. Redevelopment began in the 1970s and continued into the 1980s, with projects such as the Church Street Station entertainment complex. In 1998, a building boom began and continued through the 2000s. Contributor Cook, Thomas Cepero, Nancy Lynn Cepero, Laura Lynn Alternative Title Orlando Collection Subject Orlando (Fla.) Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/46" target="_blank">Orange County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Orlando, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference Antequino, Stephanie Gaub, and Tana Mosier Porter. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783150094" target="_blank">Lost Orlando</a>. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Pub, 2012. Rajtar, Steve. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70911136" target="_blank">A Guide to Historic Orlando</a>. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2006. "<a href="http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Historic District Walking Tour</a>." City of Orlando. http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf. Has Format <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/69" target="_blank">Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/106" target="_blank">Orlando Remembered Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/126" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Information Center Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/110" target="_blank">Orlando Public Library Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/111" target="_blank">Orlando Regions Bank Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Bill Nelson Speaking at the University of Central Florida, 2012 Alternative Title Bill Nelson at UCF Subject Orlando (Fla.) Colleges Universities Democratic Party Elections--United States Senators (United States) Description Bill Nelson (b. 1942) speaking at a political rally at the University of Central Florida (UCF) in Orlando, Florida, on October 29, 2012. The rally was hosted by the UCF College Democrats and held on behalf of President Barack Obama (b. 1961), who was campaigning for his re-election bid in the Presidential Election of 2012. President Obama was originally scheduled to speak at the rally, but had to cancel due to emergency relief needs for Hurricane Sandy in the northeast. Former President Bill Clinton (b. 1946) and former Florida Governor Charlie Crist (b. 1956) also spoke at the rally. President Obama went on to win re-election, defeating his Republican opponent, former Governor of Massachusetts Mitt Romney (b. 1947). At the time that this photograph was taken, Senator Nelson was a Democratic Senator in the U.S. Senate, representing the State of Florida since 2001. Nelson originally began his political career in the Florida House of Representatives, serving from 1973 to 1979. From 1979 to 1991, he served in the U.S. House of Representatives. In January of 1986, Nelson flew on the Space Shuttle Columbia, becoming the second sitting member of the U.S. Congress to fly in space. In 1990, he retired from Congress to run for Governor of Florida, but was defeated by Lawton Chiles (1930-1998). He then served as the Florida State Treasurer, Insurance Commissioner, and Fire Marshal from 1995 to 2001, when he was elected to the U.S. Senate. Type Still Image Source Original color digital images by Laura Lynn Cepero, October 29, 2012: Private Collection of Laura Lynn Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/20" target="_blank">Orlando Collection</a>, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Coverage Memory Mall, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida Creator Cepero, Laura Lynn Contributor Cepero, Laura Lynn Date Created 2012-10-29 Format image/jpg Extent 41.9 KB 40.1 KB 41.4 KB 39.9 KB Medium 4 color digital images Mediator History Teacher Civics/Government Teacher Geography Teacher Provenance Originally created by Laura Lynn Cepero. Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Laura Lynn Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=n000032" target="_blank">NELSON, Clarence William (Bill), (1942 - )</a>." Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=n000032. "<a href="http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/nelson-b.html" target="_blank">Biographical Data: BILL NELSON (SENATOR): PAYLOAD SPECIALIST</a>." Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration. http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/nelson-b.html. "<a href="http://www.billnelson.senate.gov/about-bill" target="_blank">Biography</a>." United States Senate. http://www.billnelson.senate.gov/about-bill. Bill Nelson Clarence William Nelson II Democratic Party Democrats election campaigns Laura Lynn Cepero Memory Mall orlando political rallies political rally Presidential Election of 2012 U.S. Senators UCF University of Central Florida https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/0bf0b7f50fee2daa4e3be6f16e23a15e.jpg 51a398ff94008715d8b18e2bb8758967 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/a6eba5b7c4d1bf6487ad99d3acd155bf.jpg 7994095028b1936c95d0e28010c1c25e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Orlando Collection Description The Orlando area was originally occupied by the Creek and Seminole tribes. In 1838, Fort Gatlin was erected on the shores of Lake Gatlin, just a few miles south of present-day Downtown Orlando. Centered around Church Street, Orlando became a city in 1884. Originally a cattle town, Orlando grew into a major citrus growing center by the 1920s. The city continued to grow during the Great Depression with aid from the Work Progress Administration (WPA). During World War II, Orlando became a major military center as well, with the development of the McCoy Air Force Base and Pinecastle Air Force Base, and with the addition of the Naval Training Center (NTC) Orlando in 1968. Downtown Orlando declined in the 1960s and 1970s. Redevelopment began in the 1970s and continued into the 1980s, with projects such as the Church Street Station entertainment complex. In 1998, a building boom began and continued through the 2000s. Contributor Cook, Thomas Cepero, Nancy Lynn Cepero, Laura Lynn Alternative Title Orlando Collection Subject Orlando (Fla.) Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/46" target="_blank">Orange County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Orlando, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference Antequino, Stephanie Gaub, and Tana Mosier Porter. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783150094" target="_blank">Lost Orlando</a>. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Pub, 2012. Rajtar, Steve. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70911136" target="_blank">A Guide to Historic Orlando</a>. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2006. "<a href="http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Historic District Walking Tour</a>." City of Orlando. http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf. Has Format <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/69" target="_blank">Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/106" target="_blank">Orlando Remembered Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/126" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Information Center Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/110" target="_blank">Orlando Public Library Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/111" target="_blank">Orlando Regions Bank Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Charlie Crist at the University of Central Florida, 2012 Alternative Title Charlie Crist at UCF Subject Orlando (Fla.) Colleges Universities Democratic Party Elections--United States Governors--Florida Description Former Governor Charlie Crist (b. 1956) speaking at a political rally at the University of Central Florida (UCF) in Orlando, Florida, on October 29, 2012. The rally was hosted by the UCF College Democrats and held on behalf of President Barack Obama (b. 1961), who was campaigning for his re-election bid in the Presidential Election of 2012. President Obama was originally scheduled to speak at the rally, but had to cancel due to emergency relief needs for Hurricane Sandy in the northeast. Former President Bill Clinton (b. 1946) and Democratic Senator Bill Nelson (b. 1942) also spoke at the rally. President Obama went on to win re-election, defeating his Republican opponent, former Governor of Massachusetts Mitt Romney (b. 1947). Governor Crist is best known as the 44th Governor of Florida from 2007 to 2011. After a career as an attorney, Crist entered politics as a Republican and served in the Florida Senate from 1993 to 1998. He also served as the Florida Education Commissioner from 2001 to 2003 and as the Florida Attorney General from 2003 to 2007. Following his governorship, Crist ran for the U.S. Senate. After being defeated by Marco Rubio (b. 1971) in the race for the Republican nomination, Crist left the Republican Party and ran as an independent, ultimately losing to Rubio. During the Presidential Election of 2012, Crist endorsed and campaigned for President Obama. On December 7, 2012, he officially joined the Democratic Party. He ran for Governor of Florida again in 2014, but was defeated by incumbent Republican Governor Rick Scott (b. 1952). Type Still Image Source Original color digital images by Laura Lynn Cepero, October 29, 2012: Private Collection of Laura Lynn Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/20" target="_blank">Orlando Collection</a>, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Coverage Memory Mall, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida Creator Cepero, Laura Lynn Contributor Cepero, Laura Lynn Date Created 2012-10-29 Format image/jpg Extent 41.2 KB 34.3 KB Medium 2 color digital images Mediator History Teacher Civics/Government Teacher Provenance Originally created by Laura Lynn Cepero. Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Laura Lynn Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference Wallsten, Peter and Valerie Bauerlein. "<a href="http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052748704423504575212320310724084" target="_blank">Crist Looks to Go It Alone: Florida Governor Will Exit Republican Senate Primary to Run as an Independent</a>." The Wall Street Journal, April 29, 2010. http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052748704423504575212320310724084. The Associated Press. "<a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/09/us/politics/charlie-crist-former-florida-governor-joins-democratic-party.html?_r=0" target="_blank">Changing Affiliation Again, Former Governor of Florida Becomes a Democrat</a>." The New York Timesl, December 2, 2012. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/09/us/politics/charlie-crist-former-florida-governor-joins-democratic-party.html?_r=0. Smith, Adam C., Steve Bousquet, and Katie Sanders. "<a href="http://www.tampabay.com/news/politics/stateroundup/gov-rick-scott-leads-charlie-crist-in-early-returns/2205127" target="_blank">Florida Gov. Rick Scott defeats Charlie Crist for re-election</a>." The Tampa Bay Times, November 3, 2014. http://www.tampabay.com/news/politics/stateroundup/gov-rick-scott-leads-charlie-crist-in-early-returns/2205127. Charles Joseph Crist, Jr. Charlie Crist Democratic Party Democrats election campaigns Governor of Florida governors Laura Lynn Cepero Memory Mall orlando political rallies political rally Presidential Election of 2012 UCF University of Central Florida https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/2e802ddaa4fd0795b6ed05acb6f4367b.jpg b6720ec2771d96a914f8ba4affb5dc65 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Orlando Collection Description The Orlando area was originally occupied by the Creek and Seminole tribes. In 1838, Fort Gatlin was erected on the shores of Lake Gatlin, just a few miles south of present-day Downtown Orlando. Centered around Church Street, Orlando became a city in 1884. Originally a cattle town, Orlando grew into a major citrus growing center by the 1920s. The city continued to grow during the Great Depression with aid from the Work Progress Administration (WPA). During World War II, Orlando became a major military center as well, with the development of the McCoy Air Force Base and Pinecastle Air Force Base, and with the addition of the Naval Training Center (NTC) Orlando in 1968. Downtown Orlando declined in the 1960s and 1970s. Redevelopment began in the 1970s and continued into the 1980s, with projects such as the Church Street Station entertainment complex. In 1998, a building boom began and continued through the 2000s. Contributor Cook, Thomas Cepero, Nancy Lynn Cepero, Laura Lynn Alternative Title Orlando Collection Subject Orlando (Fla.) Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/46" target="_blank">Orange County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Orlando, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference Antequino, Stephanie Gaub, and Tana Mosier Porter. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783150094" target="_blank">Lost Orlando</a>. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Pub, 2012. Rajtar, Steve. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70911136" target="_blank">A Guide to Historic Orlando</a>. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2006. "<a href="http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Historic District Walking Tour</a>." City of Orlando. http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf. Has Format <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/69" target="_blank">Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/106" target="_blank">Orlando Remembered Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/126" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Information Center Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/110" target="_blank">Orlando Public Library Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/111" target="_blank">Orlando Regions Bank Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Rosie O'Grady's Good Time Emporium, 1992 Alternative Title Rosie O'Grady's Subject Orlando (Fla.) Restaurants--Florida Description Rosie O'Grady's Good Time Emporium in 1992. The siblings pictured in the photograph are, from left to right: David Cepero (b. 1978), Dennis Cepero (b. 1986), Laura Lynn Cepero (b. 1987), and Alicia Lynn Cepero (b. 1975). Gertrude Welsh, the great-aunt of the children, is standing in the back. Rosie O'Grady's was a restaurant that was once part of the Church Street Station entertainment complex in Downtown Orlando, Florida. The original site was occupied by a railroad depot built around 1883 for the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad (ACL). The depot was designed by T. B. Cotter in the Queen Anne/Eclectic Victorian style and constructed by Henry B. Plant (1819-1899). The building was demolished around 1890 and the current Church Street Station Depot was constructed by the South Florida Railroad on the same lot. The site also served the Tavares, Orlando and Atlantic Railroad, and the Orlando and Winter Park Railway. In 1926, the Orlando Health/Amtrak station took over passenger operations, but Church Street Station continued to serve as a ticket outlet and freight station until 1972. In 1973, a Dixieland-theme entertainment complex was established between the railroad tracks and Garland Avenue in seven vacant buildings for $22 million. The depot itself houses retail shops. The depot was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 1976 and named an Orlando Historic Landmark in 1978. In 1988, the complex was expanded to include the Church Street Exchange and the Church Street Market. The development was led by Bob Snow and Steve Fuller and sold in 1989 for $61 million. The complex peaked in the 1980s, drawing approximately 1.7 million visitors a year. Due to failure to compete with major theme parks, visitor attendance dwindled and the complex was sold in 2001, only to close shortly after. Type Still Image Source Original color photograph by Nancy Lynn Cepero, 1992: Private Collection of Nancy Lynn Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/20" target="_blank">Orlando Collection</a>, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color photograph by Nancy Lynn Cepero, 1992. Coverage Rosie O'Grady's Good Time Emporium, Downtown Orlando, Florida Creator Cepero, Nancy Lynn Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Date Created ca. 1992-05 Format image/jpg Extent 140 KB Medium 1 color photograph Language eng Mediator History Teacher Economics Teacher Geography Teacher Provenance Originally created by Nancy Lynn Cepero. Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Nancy Lynn Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference Antequino, Stephanie Gaub, and Tana Mosier Porter. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783150094" target="_blank">Lost Orlando</a>. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Pub, 2012. "<a href="http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Historic District Walking Tour</a>." City of Orlando. http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf. Rajtar, Steve. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70911136" target="_blank">A Guide to Historic Orlando</a>. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2006. Mulligan, Michael. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/225874809" target="_blank">Railroad Depots of Central Florida</a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Pub, 2008. "<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/audio/Ep34-Attractions.mp3" target="_blank">Episode 34: Disney and Smaller Attractions</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/audio/Ep34-Attractions.mp3. Transcript ROSIE O'GRADY'S[?] GOOD TIME[?] EMPORIUM[?] Alicia Lynn Cepero Church Street Church Street Station David Cepero Dennis Cepero Gertrude Welsh Laura Lynn Cepero Nancy Lynn Cepero Nancy Lynn Sabatino orlando railroad depots railroad stations restaurants Rosie O'Grady's Good Time Jazz Emporium https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/cf57f18724f027bef0a1f0818d05acb8.jpg b1db5d58abdd280a9bee68c5b27cfde7 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/1cc98e9d28c7c8edbda34c398d4ae585.jpg 3eeaa20d82e627477e46bf7010af4162 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Orlando Collection Description The Orlando area was originally occupied by the Creek and Seminole tribes. In 1838, Fort Gatlin was erected on the shores of Lake Gatlin, just a few miles south of present-day Downtown Orlando. Centered around Church Street, Orlando became a city in 1884. Originally a cattle town, Orlando grew into a major citrus growing center by the 1920s. The city continued to grow during the Great Depression with aid from the Work Progress Administration (WPA). During World War II, Orlando became a major military center as well, with the development of the McCoy Air Force Base and Pinecastle Air Force Base, and with the addition of the Naval Training Center (NTC) Orlando in 1968. Downtown Orlando declined in the 1960s and 1970s. Redevelopment began in the 1970s and continued into the 1980s, with projects such as the Church Street Station entertainment complex. In 1998, a building boom began and continued through the 2000s. Contributor Cook, Thomas Cepero, Nancy Lynn Cepero, Laura Lynn Alternative Title Orlando Collection Subject Orlando (Fla.) Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/46" target="_blank">Orange County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Orlando, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference Antequino, Stephanie Gaub, and Tana Mosier Porter. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783150094" target="_blank">Lost Orlando</a>. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Pub, 2012. Rajtar, Steve. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70911136" target="_blank">A Guide to Historic Orlando</a>. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2006. "<a href="http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Historic District Walking Tour</a>." City of Orlando. http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf. Has Format <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/69" target="_blank">Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/106" target="_blank">Orlando Remembered Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/126" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Information Center Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/110" target="_blank">Orlando Public Library Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/111" target="_blank">Orlando Regions Bank Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Downtown Baldwin Park Alternative Title Baldwin Park Subject Orlando (Fla.) Housing--Florida Description Baldwin Park, a neighborhood located southwest of Lake Baldwin in Orlando, Florida, sometime betwen 2005 and 2006. The neighborhood is 1,000 acres, is home to 8,000 residents, and includes 125 businesses. Baldwin Park was built at the former site of the Naval Training Center Orlando (NTC Orlando). The community is an example of New Urbanism, a design movement which features walkable neighborhoods with a range of housing styles and job types. The movement began in the early 1980s and is influenced by the principles of traditional neighborhood design (TND) and transit-oriented development (TOD). Type Still Image Source Original color photographs by Laura Lynn Cepero: Private Collection of Nancy Lynn Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/20" target="_blank">Orlando Collection</a>, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color photographs by Laura Lynn Cepero. Coverage Baldwin Park, Orlando, Florida Creator Cepero, Laura Lynn Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Date Created ca. 2005-2006 Format image/jpg Extent 120 KB 129 KB Medium 2 color photographs Language eng Mediator History Teacher Economics Teacher Geography Teacher Provenance Originally created by Laura Lynn Cepero. Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Nancy Lynn Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="http://www.baldwinparkfl.com/" target="_blank">A TRADITIONAL ORLANDO NEIGHBORHOOD</a>." Baldwin Park .http://www.baldwinparkfl.com/. "<a href="http://www.cnu.org/charter" target="_blank">CHARTER OF THE NEW URBANISM</a>." Congress for the New Urbanism. http://www.cnu.org/charter. Transcript KARATE BIG taste! FRESH MOUTH[?] Baldwin Park Cepero, Nancy Lynn Downtown Baldwin Park Karate Laura Lynn Cepero neighborhoods orlando https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/ad300032042dd8d4e8bbb2c1b6f0f2f7.jpg 70e3aa9441dac65940a33832658685f9 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/581571b82f75b4cf9126fd91a94fd7fc.jpg 969aeed6b5e29395a3d9ac36e5dfa136 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Orlando Collection Description The Orlando area was originally occupied by the Creek and Seminole tribes. In 1838, Fort Gatlin was erected on the shores of Lake Gatlin, just a few miles south of present-day Downtown Orlando. Centered around Church Street, Orlando became a city in 1884. Originally a cattle town, Orlando grew into a major citrus growing center by the 1920s. The city continued to grow during the Great Depression with aid from the Work Progress Administration (WPA). During World War II, Orlando became a major military center as well, with the development of the McCoy Air Force Base and Pinecastle Air Force Base, and with the addition of the Naval Training Center (NTC) Orlando in 1968. Downtown Orlando declined in the 1960s and 1970s. Redevelopment began in the 1970s and continued into the 1980s, with projects such as the Church Street Station entertainment complex. In 1998, a building boom began and continued through the 2000s. Contributor Cook, Thomas Cepero, Nancy Lynn Cepero, Laura Lynn Alternative Title Orlando Collection Subject Orlando (Fla.) Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/46" target="_blank">Orange County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Orlando, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference Antequino, Stephanie Gaub, and Tana Mosier Porter. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783150094" target="_blank">Lost Orlando</a>. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Pub, 2012. Rajtar, Steve. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70911136" target="_blank">A Guide to Historic Orlando</a>. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2006. "<a href="http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Historic District Walking Tour</a>." City of Orlando. http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf. Has Format <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/69" target="_blank">Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/106" target="_blank">Orlando Remembered Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/126" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Information Center Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/110" target="_blank">Orlando Public Library Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/111" target="_blank">Orlando Regions Bank Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Houses at Baldwin Park Alternative Title Baldwin Park Subject Orlando (Fla.) Housing--Florida Description Baldwin Park, a neighborhood located southwest of Lake Baldwin in Orlando, Florida, sometime betwen 2005 and 2006. The neighborhood is 1,000 acres, is home to 8,000 residents, and includes 125 businesses. Baldwin Park was built at the former site of the Naval Training Center Orlando (NTC Orlando). The community is an example of New Urbanism, a design movement which features walkable neighborhoods with a range of housing styles and job types. The movement began in the early 1980s and is influenced by the principles of traditional neighborhood design (TND) and transit-oriented development (TOD). Type Still Image Source Original color photographs by Laura Lynn Cepero: Private Collection of Nancy Lynn Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/20" target="_blank">Orlando Collection</a>, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color photographs by Laura Lynn Cepero. Coverage Baldwin Park, Orlando, Florida Creator Cepero, Laura Lynn Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Date Created ca. 2005-2006 Format image/jpg Extent 131 KB 119 KB Medium 2 color photographs Mediator History Teacher Geography Teacher Provenance Originally created by Laura Lynn Cepero. Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Nancy Lynn Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="http://www.baldwinparkfl.com/" target="_blank">A TRADITIONAL ORLANDO NEIGHBORHOOD</a>." Baldwin Park .http://www.baldwinparkfl.com/. "<a href="http://www.cnu.org/charter" target="_blank">CHARTER OF THE NEW URBANISM</a>." Congress for the New Urbanism. http://www.cnu.org/charter. Baldwin Park homes houses housing Laura Lynn Cepero neighborhoods orlando https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/b7d88c3025c8c381594c68fcb764296f.jpg 55b2e66a80e043196b7c7158cf2c5659 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/0c84914869c9a0494413e31f7e49c597.jpg b6f66899c6fbc78c4566e7b2b7e0d5cb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Orlando Collection Description The Orlando area was originally occupied by the Creek and Seminole tribes. In 1838, Fort Gatlin was erected on the shores of Lake Gatlin, just a few miles south of present-day Downtown Orlando. Centered around Church Street, Orlando became a city in 1884. Originally a cattle town, Orlando grew into a major citrus growing center by the 1920s. The city continued to grow during the Great Depression with aid from the Work Progress Administration (WPA). During World War II, Orlando became a major military center as well, with the development of the McCoy Air Force Base and Pinecastle Air Force Base, and with the addition of the Naval Training Center (NTC) Orlando in 1968. Downtown Orlando declined in the 1960s and 1970s. Redevelopment began in the 1970s and continued into the 1980s, with projects such as the Church Street Station entertainment complex. In 1998, a building boom began and continued through the 2000s. Contributor Cook, Thomas Cepero, Nancy Lynn Cepero, Laura Lynn Alternative Title Orlando Collection Subject Orlando (Fla.) Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/46" target="_blank">Orange County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Orlando, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference Antequino, Stephanie Gaub, and Tana Mosier Porter. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783150094" target="_blank">Lost Orlando</a>. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Pub, 2012. Rajtar, Steve. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70911136" target="_blank">A Guide to Historic Orlando</a>. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2006. "<a href="http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Historic District Walking Tour</a>." City of Orlando. http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf. Has Format <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/69" target="_blank">Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/106" target="_blank">Orlando Remembered Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/126" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Information Center Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/110" target="_blank">Orlando Public Library Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/111" target="_blank">Orlando Regions Bank Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Orlando Magic at the Orlando Arena, 1991 Alternative Title Orlando Magic at the Orlando Arena Subject Orlando (Fla.) Basketball--United States Sports--Florida Cheerleading--United States Description The Orlando Magic playing the Milwaukee Bucks at the Orlando Arena, located at 1 West Amelia Street in Orlando, Florida, on December 19, 1991. The game ended with the Bucks defeating the Magic 95 to 87. Following the 1991-1992 season, the Magic would gain popularity as it acquired Shaquille O'Neal (b. 1972). Other notable Magic superstars over the years include Penny Hardaway (b. 1971), Tracy McGrady (b. 1979), and Dwight Howard (b. 1985). Planning for the Orlando Arena, colloquially nicknamed "The O-Rena", began in 1983, but the project was delayed for several years due to financial issues. A groundbreaking ceremony was held in January of 1987. Shortly thereafter, the National Basketball Association (NBA) approved the creation of a franchise in Orlando. Construction was completed in 1989 and cost $110 million. The Orlando Magic was founded that same year, becoming the first major-league professional sports franchise in the Orlando area. On September 19, 1991, the DeVos family, with Richard DeVos (b. 1926) as the head, bought the franchise for $85 million. Although the arena originally seated nearly 15,300 spectators, renovations between 1994 and 1995 increased the arena's capacity to approximately 17,500 guests. The name of the arena was changed to the TD Waterhouse Centre in 2000. In December of 2006, the venue was briefly named The Arena in Orlando and then the Amway Arena, after the City of Orlando and Orange County agreed to construct a new arena. The old Amway Arena closed on September 30, 2010, and operations moved to the new Amway Center, located at 400 West Church Street. Demolition of the old structure began on December 15, 2011. As of 2014, the City of Orlando has made plans to create a "Creative Village" on the site. This new complex would offer space for offices, residences, educational centers, hotels, retail stores, and entertainment venues. Type Still Image Source Original color photographs, December 19, 1991: Private Collection of Nancy Lynn Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/20" target="_blank">Orlando Collection</a>, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color photographs, December 19, 1991. Coverage Orlando Arena, Orlando, Florida Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Date Created 1991-12-19 Format image/jpg Extent 132 KB 131 KB Medium 2 color photographs Language eng Mediator History Teacher Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Nancy Lynn Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="http://www.nba.com/magic/history/magic_history.html" target="_blank">Magic History</a>." National Basketball Association. http://www.nba.com/magic/history/magic_history.html. Transcript DELTA PEPSI Pizza Hut [illegible] SPORTS Winston [illegible] MAGIC [illegible] BUCKS BUD ORLANDO ARENA Orlando Magic Amelia Street Amway Arena Amway Center arenas basketball players cheerleaders cheerleading Creative Village Milwaukee Bucks National Basketball Association NBA O-rena orlando Orlando Arena Orlando Magic Sabatino, Nancy Lynn TD Waterhouse Centre The Arena in Orlando https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/0560c4acb9184a6928d020c8b78e136a.jpg 2027c95d0a01d54392eb574d25249662 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Orlando Collection Description The Orlando area was originally occupied by the Creek and Seminole tribes. In 1838, Fort Gatlin was erected on the shores of Lake Gatlin, just a few miles south of present-day Downtown Orlando. Centered around Church Street, Orlando became a city in 1884. Originally a cattle town, Orlando grew into a major citrus growing center by the 1920s. The city continued to grow during the Great Depression with aid from the Work Progress Administration (WPA). During World War II, Orlando became a major military center as well, with the development of the McCoy Air Force Base and Pinecastle Air Force Base, and with the addition of the Naval Training Center (NTC) Orlando in 1968. Downtown Orlando declined in the 1960s and 1970s. Redevelopment began in the 1970s and continued into the 1980s, with projects such as the Church Street Station entertainment complex. In 1998, a building boom began and continued through the 2000s. Contributor Cook, Thomas Cepero, Nancy Lynn Cepero, Laura Lynn Alternative Title Orlando Collection Subject Orlando (Fla.) Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/46" target="_blank">Orange County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Orlando, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference Antequino, Stephanie Gaub, and Tana Mosier Porter. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783150094" target="_blank">Lost Orlando</a>. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Pub, 2012. Rajtar, Steve. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70911136" target="_blank">A Guide to Historic Orlando</a>. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2006. "<a href="http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Historic District Walking Tour</a>." City of Orlando. http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf. Has Format <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/69" target="_blank">Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/106" target="_blank">Orlando Remembered Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/126" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Information Center Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/110" target="_blank">Orlando Public Library Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/111" target="_blank">Orlando Regions Bank Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Universal's Islands of Adventure, 2001 Alternative Title Universal's Islands of Adventure Subject Orlando (Fla.) Theme parks Description Universal's Islands of Adventure, located at 6000 Universal Boulevard in Orlando, Florida, in 2001. The Incredible Hulk roller coaster can be seen to the right of the photograph. Part of Universal Studios Florida, the theme park opened on May 28, 1999. The idea for Islands of Adventure were first conceived in 1991. By 1993, plans were being announced. Construction began in 1997. Type Still Image Source Original color photograph, 2001: Private Collection of Nancy Lynn Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/20" target="_blank">Orlando Collection</a>, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color photograph, 2001. Coverage Universal's Islands Of Adventure, Orlando, Florida Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Date Created ca. 2001-12 Format image/jpg Extent 132 KB Medium 1 color photograph Mediator History Teacher Geography Teacher Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Nancy Lynn Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="https://www.universalorlando.com/Theme-Parks/Islands-of-Adventure.aspx" target="_blank">Universal's Islands of Adventure </a>." Universal Studios Florida. https://www.universalorlando.com/Theme-Parks/Islands-of-Adventure.aspx. "<a href="http://www.orlandovacation.com/universal-studios/articles/universal-theme-park-history/" target="_blank">History of Universal Orlando</a>." OrlandoVacation.com. http://www.orlandovacation.com/universal-studios/articles/universal-theme-park-history/. Islands of Adventure orlando roller coasters The Incredible Hulk theme parks Universal Boulevard Universal Studios Florida https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/5febb34392ee6992b1cc36bb5f2ed9c3.jpg 80945d79ee9af5038ad4efe4482ce9a9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Orlando Collection Description The Orlando area was originally occupied by the Creek and Seminole tribes. In 1838, Fort Gatlin was erected on the shores of Lake Gatlin, just a few miles south of present-day Downtown Orlando. Centered around Church Street, Orlando became a city in 1884. Originally a cattle town, Orlando grew into a major citrus growing center by the 1920s. The city continued to grow during the Great Depression with aid from the Work Progress Administration (WPA). During World War II, Orlando became a major military center as well, with the development of the McCoy Air Force Base and Pinecastle Air Force Base, and with the addition of the Naval Training Center (NTC) Orlando in 1968. Downtown Orlando declined in the 1960s and 1970s. Redevelopment began in the 1970s and continued into the 1980s, with projects such as the Church Street Station entertainment complex. In 1998, a building boom began and continued through the 2000s. Contributor Cook, Thomas Cepero, Nancy Lynn Cepero, Laura Lynn Alternative Title Orlando Collection Subject Orlando (Fla.) Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/46" target="_blank">Orange County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Orlando, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference Antequino, Stephanie Gaub, and Tana Mosier Porter. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783150094" target="_blank">Lost Orlando</a>. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Pub, 2012. Rajtar, Steve. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70911136" target="_blank">A Guide to Historic Orlando</a>. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2006. "<a href="http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Historic District Walking Tour</a>." City of Orlando. http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf. Has Format <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/69" target="_blank">Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/106" target="_blank">Orlando Remembered Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/126" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Information Center Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/110" target="_blank">Orlando Public Library Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/111" target="_blank">Orlando Regions Bank Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Mystery Fun House, 2001 Alternative Title Mystery Fun House Subject Orlando (Fla.) Description Laura Lynn Cepero (b. 1987), Alicia Lynn Cepero (b. 1975), and Samantha Ariel Pryor (b. 1990) in Mystery Fun House, an Orlando attraction, in 2001. The attraction was founded by David A. Siegel on March 28, 1976, and was located at 5767 Major Boulevard. The fun house was closed in 2001. Type Still Image Source Original color photograph by Nancy Lynn Cepero, 2001: Private Collection of Nancy Lynn Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/20" target="_blank">Orlando Collection</a>, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color photograph by Nancy Lynn Cepero, 2001. Coverage Mystery Fun House, Orlando, Florida Creator Cepero, Nancy Lynn Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Date Created ca. 2001-05 Format image/jpg Extent 123 KB Medium 1 color photograph Language eng Mediator History Teacher Geography Teacher Provenance Originally created by Nancy Lynn Cepero. Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Nancy Lynn Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="http://www.bigfloridacountry.com/mysteryfunhouse.htm" target="_blank">Mystery Fun House</a>." BigFloridaCountry.com. http://www.bigfloridacountry.com/mysteryfunhouse.htm. Transcript Mystery[?] Fun House Alicia Lynn Cepero Laura Lynn Cepero Major Boulevard Mystery Fun Houses Nancy Lynn Cepero Nancy Lynn Sabatino orlando Sam Pryor Sam Sargent Samantha Ariel Pryor Samantha Ariel Sargent https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/7a4812fde90ffb598f2de2afeb75c1ab.jpg cbf1914f73543c3f96cb99c31d72cc18 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Orlando Collection Description The Orlando area was originally occupied by the Creek and Seminole tribes. In 1838, Fort Gatlin was erected on the shores of Lake Gatlin, just a few miles south of present-day Downtown Orlando. Centered around Church Street, Orlando became a city in 1884. Originally a cattle town, Orlando grew into a major citrus growing center by the 1920s. The city continued to grow during the Great Depression with aid from the Work Progress Administration (WPA). During World War II, Orlando became a major military center as well, with the development of the McCoy Air Force Base and Pinecastle Air Force Base, and with the addition of the Naval Training Center (NTC) Orlando in 1968. Downtown Orlando declined in the 1960s and 1970s. Redevelopment began in the 1970s and continued into the 1980s, with projects such as the Church Street Station entertainment complex. In 1998, a building boom began and continued through the 2000s. Contributor Cook, Thomas Cepero, Nancy Lynn Cepero, Laura Lynn Alternative Title Orlando Collection Subject Orlando (Fla.) Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/46" target="_blank">Orange County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Orlando, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference Antequino, Stephanie Gaub, and Tana Mosier Porter. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783150094" target="_blank">Lost Orlando</a>. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Pub, 2012. Rajtar, Steve. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70911136" target="_blank">A Guide to Historic Orlando</a>. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2006. "<a href="http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Historic District Walking Tour</a>." City of Orlando. http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf. Has Format <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/69" target="_blank">Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/106" target="_blank">Orlando Remembered Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/126" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Information Center Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/110" target="_blank">Orlando Public Library Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/111" target="_blank">Orlando Regions Bank Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Twilight Zone Tower of Terror at Disney-MGM Studios, 2000 Alternative Title Disney-MGM Studios Twilight Zone Tower of Terror Subject Lake Buena Vista (Fla.) Theme parks Description The Twilight Zone Tower of Terror at Disney-MGM Studios (now called Disney's Hollywood Studios), located at 351 South Studio Drive in 2000. MGM Studios is a theme park at the Walt Disney World Resort in Lake Buena Vista, Florida. Disney and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer agreed to a licensing contract that would allowed Disney to use the MGM name and logo for Disney-MGM Studios. Despite several lawsuits and countersuits between the two partners, the theme park opened on May 1, 1989. Around this same time, the Tower of Terror was being designed for Euro Disney (now Disneyland Paris). Euro Disney abandoned the project, which was picked up by MGM Studios. The ride is based on the television program The Twilight Zone. Construction began in the beginning of 1992 and the attraction opened on July 22, 1994. Disney-MGM Studios was renamed Disney's Hollywood Studios on January 7, 2008. Type Still Image Source Original color photograph, 2000: Private Collection of Nancy Lynn Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/20" target="_blank">Orlando Collection</a>, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color photograph, 2000. Coverage Twilight Zone Tower of Terror, Disney-MGM Studios, Orlando, Florida Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Date Created ca. 2000-04 Format image/jpg Extent 147 KB Medium 1 color photograph Language eng Mediator History Teacher Geography Teacher Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Nancy Lynn Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="https://disneyworld.disney.go.com/destinations/hollywood-studios/" target="_blank">Disney's Hollywood Studios</a>." Walt Disney World. https://disneyworld.disney.go.com/destinations/hollywood-studios/. "<a href="https://disneyworld.disney.go.com/attractions/hollywood-studios/twilight-zone-tower-of-terror/" target="_blank">The Twilight Zone Tower of Terror</a>." Walt Disney World. https://disneyworld.disney.go.com/attractions/hollywood-studios/twilight-zone-tower-of-terror/. Transcript The HOLLYWOOD TOWER Hotel Disney-MGM Studios Hollywood Tower Hotel Lake Buena Vista orlando Studio Drive theme parks Twilight Zone Tower of Terror Walt Disney World https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/6df85f5416d99bb99e8bd6945538d041.jpg cac070c4cda8684dfa594cc385f41081 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Orlando Collection Description The Orlando area was originally occupied by the Creek and Seminole tribes. In 1838, Fort Gatlin was erected on the shores of Lake Gatlin, just a few miles south of present-day Downtown Orlando. Centered around Church Street, Orlando became a city in 1884. Originally a cattle town, Orlando grew into a major citrus growing center by the 1920s. The city continued to grow during the Great Depression with aid from the Work Progress Administration (WPA). During World War II, Orlando became a major military center as well, with the development of the McCoy Air Force Base and Pinecastle Air Force Base, and with the addition of the Naval Training Center (NTC) Orlando in 1968. Downtown Orlando declined in the 1960s and 1970s. Redevelopment began in the 1970s and continued into the 1980s, with projects such as the Church Street Station entertainment complex. In 1998, a building boom began and continued through the 2000s. Contributor Cook, Thomas Cepero, Nancy Lynn Cepero, Laura Lynn Alternative Title Orlando Collection Subject Orlando (Fla.) Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/46" target="_blank">Orange County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Orlando, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference Antequino, Stephanie Gaub, and Tana Mosier Porter. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783150094" target="_blank">Lost Orlando</a>. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Pub, 2012. Rajtar, Steve. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70911136" target="_blank">A Guide to Historic Orlando</a>. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2006. "<a href="http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Historic District Walking Tour</a>." City of Orlando. http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf. Has Format <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/69" target="_blank">Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/106" target="_blank">Orlando Remembered Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/126" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Information Center Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/110" target="_blank">Orlando Public Library Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/111" target="_blank">Orlando Regions Bank Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Adventureland at Magic Kingdom, 1974 Alternative Title Adventureland Subject Lake Buena Vista (Fla.) Theme parks Description Nancy Lynn Cepero (b. 1954), on the right, at Adventureland at Magic Kingdom in 1974. Magic Kingdom, located at 1180 Seven Seas Drive, is a theme park at the Walt Disney World Resort in Lake Buena Vista, Florida. Construction for the resort began in 1967, after the death of Walt Disney (1901-1966). Magic Kingdom was the first park of the Walt Disney Resort to open on October 1, 1971. The park included 33 attractions in six themed areas: Main Street U.S.A., Adventureland, Frontierland, Fantasyland, Tomorrowland, and Liberty Square. Adventureland features themes of jungles in Africa, Asia, and South America. Type Still Image Source Original color photograph by Ray Cepero, 1974: Private Collection of Nancy Lynn Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/20" target="_blank">Orlando Collection</a>, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color photograph by Ray Cepero, 1974. Coverage Adventureland, Magic Kingdom, Orlando, Florida Creator Cepero, Ray Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Date Created ca. 1974-09 Format image/jpg Extent 133 KB Medium 1 color photograph Mediator History Teacher Geography Teacher Provenance Originally created by Ray Cepero. Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Nancy Lynn Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="https://disneyworld.disney.go.com/destinations/magic-kingdom/" target="_blank">Magic Kingdom Park</a>." Walt Disney World. https://disneyworld.disney.go.com/destinations/magic-kingdom/. Watts, Steven. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/37331494" target="_blank">The Magic Kingdom: Walt Disney and the American Way of Life</a>. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1974. Adventureland Lake Buena Vista Magic Kingdom Nancy Lynn Cepero Nancy Lynn Sabatino orlando Raúl Cepero Ray Cepero theme parks Walt Disney World https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/3d31d18f8282bc29ed3198f727bcafd1.jpg fdc6fbe9b127856ed61b733e6eff233b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Orlando Collection Description The Orlando area was originally occupied by the Creek and Seminole tribes. In 1838, Fort Gatlin was erected on the shores of Lake Gatlin, just a few miles south of present-day Downtown Orlando. Centered around Church Street, Orlando became a city in 1884. Originally a cattle town, Orlando grew into a major citrus growing center by the 1920s. The city continued to grow during the Great Depression with aid from the Work Progress Administration (WPA). During World War II, Orlando became a major military center as well, with the development of the McCoy Air Force Base and Pinecastle Air Force Base, and with the addition of the Naval Training Center (NTC) Orlando in 1968. Downtown Orlando declined in the 1960s and 1970s. Redevelopment began in the 1970s and continued into the 1980s, with projects such as the Church Street Station entertainment complex. In 1998, a building boom began and continued through the 2000s. Contributor Cook, Thomas Cepero, Nancy Lynn Cepero, Laura Lynn Alternative Title Orlando Collection Subject Orlando (Fla.) Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/46" target="_blank">Orange County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Orlando, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference Antequino, Stephanie Gaub, and Tana Mosier Porter. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783150094" target="_blank">Lost Orlando</a>. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Pub, 2012. Rajtar, Steve. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70911136" target="_blank">A Guide to Historic Orlando</a>. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2006. "<a href="http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Historic District Walking Tour</a>." City of Orlando. http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf. Has Format <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/69" target="_blank">Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/106" target="_blank">Orlando Remembered Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/126" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Information Center Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/110" target="_blank">Orlando Public Library Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/111" target="_blank">Orlando Regions Bank Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Tom Sawyer Island at Magic Kingdom, 1974 Alternative Title Tom Sawyer Island Subject Lake Buena Vista (Fla.) Theme parks Description Nancy Lynn Cepero (b. 1954) walking across the bridge at Tom Sawyer Island at Magic Kingdom in 1974.Magic Kingdom, located at 1180 Seven Seas Drive, is a theme park at the Walt Disney World Resort in Lake Buena Vista, Florida. Construction for the resort began in 1967, after the death of Walt Disney (1901-1966). Magic Kingdom was the first park of the Walt Disney Resort to open on October 1, 1971. The park included 33 attractions in six themed areas: Main Street U.S.A., Adventureland, Frontierland, Fantasyland, Tomorrowland, and Liberty Square. Tom Sawyer Island is an island in Frontierland that opened on May 20, 1973. It features references to Mark Twain's (1835-1910) novel The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. Type Still Image Source Original color photograph by Ray Cepero, 1974: Private Collection of Nancy Lynn Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/20" target="_blank">Orlando Collection</a>, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color photograph by Ray Cepero, 1974. Coverage Tom Sawyer Island, Magic Kingdom, Orlando, Florida Creator Cepero, Ray Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Date Created ca. 1974-09 Format image/jpg Extent 144 KB Medium 1 color photograph Mediator History Teacher Geography Teacher Provenance Originally created by Ray Cepero. Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Nancy Lynn Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="https://disneyworld.disney.go.com/destinations/magic-kingdom/" target="_blank">Magic Kingdom Park</a>." Walt Disney World. https://disneyworld.disney.go.com/destinations/magic-kingdom/. Watts, Steven. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/37331494" target="_blank">The Magic Kingdom: Walt Disney and the American Way of Life</a>. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1974. Frontierland Lake Buena Vista Magic Kingdom Nancy Lynn Cepero Nancy Lynn Sabatino orlando Raúl Cepero Ray Cepero theme parks Tom Sawyer Island Walt Disney World https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/5f7fdc7ba4bba41000fdcc9baf668758.jpg 010f7842a7bd50cae6aafc4bb0c2d008 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Orlando Collection Description The Orlando area was originally occupied by the Creek and Seminole tribes. In 1838, Fort Gatlin was erected on the shores of Lake Gatlin, just a few miles south of present-day Downtown Orlando. Centered around Church Street, Orlando became a city in 1884. Originally a cattle town, Orlando grew into a major citrus growing center by the 1920s. The city continued to grow during the Great Depression with aid from the Work Progress Administration (WPA). During World War II, Orlando became a major military center as well, with the development of the McCoy Air Force Base and Pinecastle Air Force Base, and with the addition of the Naval Training Center (NTC) Orlando in 1968. Downtown Orlando declined in the 1960s and 1970s. Redevelopment began in the 1970s and continued into the 1980s, with projects such as the Church Street Station entertainment complex. In 1998, a building boom began and continued through the 2000s. Contributor Cook, Thomas Cepero, Nancy Lynn Cepero, Laura Lynn Alternative Title Orlando Collection Subject Orlando (Fla.) Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/46" target="_blank">Orange County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Orlando, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference Antequino, Stephanie Gaub, and Tana Mosier Porter. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783150094" target="_blank">Lost Orlando</a>. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Pub, 2012. Rajtar, Steve. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70911136" target="_blank">A Guide to Historic Orlando</a>. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2006. "<a href="http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Historic District Walking Tour</a>." City of Orlando. http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf. Has Format <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/69" target="_blank">Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/106" target="_blank">Orlando Remembered Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/126" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Information Center Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/110" target="_blank">Orlando Public Library Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/111" target="_blank">Orlando Regions Bank Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Main Street, U.S.A. at Magic Kingdom, 1974 Alternative Title Main Street, U.S.A. Subject Lake Buena Vista (Fla.) Theme parks Description Main Street, U.S.A. at Magic Kingdom in 1974. Magic Kingdom, located at 1180 Seven Seas Drive, is a theme park at the Walt Disney World Resort in Lake Buena Vista, Florida. Construction for the resort began in 1967, after the death of Walt Disney (1901-1966). Magic Kingdom was the first park of the Walt Disney Resort to open on October 1, 1971. The park included 33 attractions in six themed areas: Main Street U.S.A., Adventureland, Frontierland, Fantasyland, Tomorrowland, and Liberty Square. Main Street features architectural and decorative influences from various regions in the country. Type Still Image Source Original color photograph, 1974: Private Collection of Nancy Lynn Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/20" target="_blank">Orlando Collection</a>, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color photograph, 1974. Coverage Main Street, U.S.A., Magic Kingdom, Orlando, Florida Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Date Created ca. 1974-09 Format image/jpg Extent 111 KB Medium 1 color photograph Mediator History Teacher Geography Teacher Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Nancy Lynn Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="https://disneyworld.disney.go.com/destinations/magic-kingdom/" target="_blank">Magic Kingdom Park</a>." Walt Disney World. https://disneyworld.disney.go.com/destinations/magic-kingdom/. Watts, Steven. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/37331494" target="_blank">The Magic Kingdom: Walt Disney and the American Way of Life</a>. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1974. Lake Buena Vista Magic Kingdom Main Street, U.S.A. orlando theme park theme parks Walt Disney World https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/6e3a53956f8453309f3fa8e317eacfd6.jpg 228f4c33bf425c0c9f571f94b6cffb48 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Orlando Collection Description The Orlando area was originally occupied by the Creek and Seminole tribes. In 1838, Fort Gatlin was erected on the shores of Lake Gatlin, just a few miles south of present-day Downtown Orlando. Centered around Church Street, Orlando became a city in 1884. Originally a cattle town, Orlando grew into a major citrus growing center by the 1920s. The city continued to grow during the Great Depression with aid from the Work Progress Administration (WPA). During World War II, Orlando became a major military center as well, with the development of the McCoy Air Force Base and Pinecastle Air Force Base, and with the addition of the Naval Training Center (NTC) Orlando in 1968. Downtown Orlando declined in the 1960s and 1970s. Redevelopment began in the 1970s and continued into the 1980s, with projects such as the Church Street Station entertainment complex. In 1998, a building boom began and continued through the 2000s. Contributor Cook, Thomas Cepero, Nancy Lynn Cepero, Laura Lynn Alternative Title Orlando Collection Subject Orlando (Fla.) Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/46" target="_blank">Orange County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Orlando, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference Antequino, Stephanie Gaub, and Tana Mosier Porter. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783150094" target="_blank">Lost Orlando</a>. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Pub, 2012. Rajtar, Steve. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70911136" target="_blank">A Guide to Historic Orlando</a>. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2006. "<a href="http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Historic District Walking Tour</a>." City of Orlando. http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf. Has Format <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/69" target="_blank">Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/106" target="_blank">Orlando Remembered Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/126" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Information Center Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/110" target="_blank">Orlando Public Library Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/111" target="_blank">Orlando Regions Bank Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Rainbow Elementary School's Chorus at Downtown Disney, 1998 Alternative Title Rainbow Elementary Chorus at Downtown Disney Subject Orlando (Fla.) Lake Buena Vista (Fla.) Education--Florida Schools Music--Florida Description The chorus of Rainbow Elementary School, a school in Winter Springs, at Downtown Disney, an entertainment complex located at 1780 East Buena Vista Drive in Lake Buena Vista, Florida, in 1998. Originally called the Lake Buena Vista Shopping Village, the complex opened on March 22, 1975. In 1977, the complex was renamed Walt Disney World Village. Pleasure Island was added to the village on May 1, 1989, ad the complex was renamed the Disney Village Marketplace later that year. In 1995, Walt Disney World began to enhance and expand the complex, while also combing the Disney Village Marketplace and Pleasure Island into one district called Downtown Disney, which was introduced on September 7, 1998. On March 14, 2013, Disney announced that Downtown Disney would be revitalized as Disney Springs. Type Still Image Source Original color photograph by Nancy Lynn Cepero, 1998: Private Collection of Nancy Lynn Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/20" target="_blank">Orlando Collection</a>, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color photograph, 1998. Coverage Downtown Disney, Orlando, Florida Creator Cepero, Nancy Lynn Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Date Created ca. 1998-11 Format image/jpg Extent 115 KB Medium 1 color photograph Language eng Mediator History Teacher Economics Teacher Geography Teacher Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Nancy Lynn Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="https://disneyworld.disney.go.com/destinations/downtown-disney/" target="_blank">Downtown Disney Area</a>." Walt Disney World. https://disneyworld.disney.go.com/destinations/downtown-disney/. Barnes, Brooks. "<a href="http://mediadecoder.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/03/14/disney-announces-overhaul-to-its-retail-complex-in-orlando-again/?_php=true&amp_type=blogs&amppartner=yahoofinance&amp_r=0" target="_blank">Disney to Overhaul to Its Retail Complex in Orlando Again</a>." The New York Times, March 14, 2013. http://mediadecoder.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/03/14/disney-announces-overhaul-to-its-retail-complex-in-orlando-again/?_php=true&amp_type=blogs&amppartner=yahoofinance&amp_r=0. "<a href="http://www.rainbow.scps.k12.fl.us/" target="_blank">Rainbow Elementary</a>." Rainbow Elementary School. http://www.rainbow.scps.k12.fl.us/. choirs chorus Downtown Disney elementary schools Lake Buena Vista Nancy Lynn Cepero Nancy Lynn Sabatino orlando Rainbow Elementary School Walt Disney World https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/bca0fcfcc7c71f43aaa4d4f314eee1b9.jpg ba333784bff212921bb7894c6a9b5671 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Orlando Collection Description The Orlando area was originally occupied by the Creek and Seminole tribes. In 1838, Fort Gatlin was erected on the shores of Lake Gatlin, just a few miles south of present-day Downtown Orlando. Centered around Church Street, Orlando became a city in 1884. Originally a cattle town, Orlando grew into a major citrus growing center by the 1920s. The city continued to grow during the Great Depression with aid from the Work Progress Administration (WPA). During World War II, Orlando became a major military center as well, with the development of the McCoy Air Force Base and Pinecastle Air Force Base, and with the addition of the Naval Training Center (NTC) Orlando in 1968. Downtown Orlando declined in the 1960s and 1970s. Redevelopment began in the 1970s and continued into the 1980s, with projects such as the Church Street Station entertainment complex. In 1998, a building boom began and continued through the 2000s. Contributor Cook, Thomas Cepero, Nancy Lynn Cepero, Laura Lynn Alternative Title Orlando Collection Subject Orlando (Fla.) Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/46" target="_blank">Orange County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Orlando, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference Antequino, Stephanie Gaub, and Tana Mosier Porter. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783150094" target="_blank">Lost Orlando</a>. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Pub, 2012. Rajtar, Steve. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70911136" target="_blank">A Guide to Historic Orlando</a>. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2006. "<a href="http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Historic District Walking Tour</a>." City of Orlando. http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf. Has Format <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/69" target="_blank">Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/106" target="_blank">Orlando Remembered Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/126" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Information Center Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/110" target="_blank">Orlando Public Library Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/111" target="_blank">Orlando Regions Bank Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title LEGO Structure at Downtown Disney, 1998 Alternative Title LEGOs at Downtown Disney Subject Orlando (Fla.) Lake Buena Vista (Fla.) Toys--United States Description A LEGO structure at Downtown Disney, an entertainment complex located at 1780 East Buena Vista Drive in Lake Buena Vista, Florida, in 1998. Originally called the Lake Buena Vista Shopping Village, the complex opened on March 22, 1975. In 1977, the complex was renamed Walt Disney World Village. Pleasure Island was added to the village on May 1, 1989, and the complex was renamed the Disney Village Marketplace later that year. In 1995, Walt Disney World began to enhance and expand the complex, while also combining the Disney Village Marketplace and Pleasure Island into one district called Downtown Disney, which was introduced on September 7, 1998. On March 14, 2013, Disney announced that Downtown Disney would be revitalized as Disney Springs. Type Still Image Source Original color photograph, 1998: Private Collection of Nancy Lynn Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/20" target="_blank">Orlando Collection</a>, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color photograph, 1998. Coverage LEGO Imagination Center, Downtown Disney, Orlando, Florida Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Date Created ca. 1998-11 Format image/jpg Extent 127 KB Medium 1 color photograph Mediator History Teacher Geography Teacher Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Nancy Lynn Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="https://disneyworld.disney.go.com/destinations/downtown-disney/" target="_blank">Downtown Disney Area</a>." Walt Disney World. https://disneyworld.disney.go.com/destinations/downtown-disney/. Barnes, Brooks. "<a href="http://mediadecoder.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/03/14/disney-announces-overhaul-to-its-retail-complex-in-orlando-again/?_php=true&amp_type=blogs&amppartner=yahoofinance&amp_r=0" target="_blank">Disney to Overhaul to Its Retail Complex in Orlando Again</a>." The New York Times, March 14, 2013. http://mediadecoder.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/03/14/disney-announces-overhaul-to-its-retail-complex-in-orlando-again/?_php=true&amp_type=blogs&amppartner=yahoofinance&amp_r=0. Downtown Disney Lake Buena Vista LEGO LEGO Imagination Center orlando Walt Disney World https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/b67ecd9c90f71aaee68001a379acb740.jpg fba55f15e38add34a348a7411c700585 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Orlando Collection Description The Orlando area was originally occupied by the Creek and Seminole tribes. In 1838, Fort Gatlin was erected on the shores of Lake Gatlin, just a few miles south of present-day Downtown Orlando. Centered around Church Street, Orlando became a city in 1884. Originally a cattle town, Orlando grew into a major citrus growing center by the 1920s. The city continued to grow during the Great Depression with aid from the Work Progress Administration (WPA). During World War II, Orlando became a major military center as well, with the development of the McCoy Air Force Base and Pinecastle Air Force Base, and with the addition of the Naval Training Center (NTC) Orlando in 1968. Downtown Orlando declined in the 1960s and 1970s. Redevelopment began in the 1970s and continued into the 1980s, with projects such as the Church Street Station entertainment complex. In 1998, a building boom began and continued through the 2000s. Contributor Cook, Thomas Cepero, Nancy Lynn Cepero, Laura Lynn Alternative Title Orlando Collection Subject Orlando (Fla.) Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/46" target="_blank">Orange County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Orlando, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference Antequino, Stephanie Gaub, and Tana Mosier Porter. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783150094" target="_blank">Lost Orlando</a>. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Pub, 2012. Rajtar, Steve. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70911136" target="_blank">A Guide to Historic Orlando</a>. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2006. "<a href="http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Historic District Walking Tour</a>." City of Orlando. http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf. Has Format <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/69" target="_blank">Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/106" target="_blank">Orlando Remembered Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/126" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Information Center Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/110" target="_blank">Orlando Public Library Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/111" target="_blank">Orlando Regions Bank Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Special Olympics Track Practice at University High School, 1998 Alternative Title University High Track Subject Orlando (Fla.) Schools Special Olympics Track and field--United States People with disabilities--United States Description Special Olympics track practice at University High School, located at 2450 Cougar Way in Orlando, Florida, in 1998. The school was established in 1990 and is part of Orange County Public Schools (OCPS). University has both an International Baccalaureate (IB) program and a Global Technologies (GT) program. Special Olympics was founded by Eunice Kennedy Shriver (1921-2009), the sister of President John F. Kennedy (1917-1963), in 1968. The project began as a day camp for children with intellectual disabilities in June of 1962. The first International Special Olympics Summer Games were held in 1968 at Soldier Field in Chicago, Illinois. Type Still Image Source Original color photograph, 1998: Private Collection of Nancy Lynn Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/20" target="_blank">Orlando Collection</a>, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color photograph, 1998. Coverage University High School, Orlando, Florida Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Date Created ca. 1998-03 Format image/jpg Extent 122 KB Medium 1 color photograph Language eng Mediator History Teacher Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Nancy Lynn Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="https://www.ocps.net/lc/east/hun/Pages/default.aspx" target="_blank">University High School</a>." University High School, Orange County Public Schools. https://www.ocps.net/lc/east/hun/Pages/default.aspx. "<a href="http://www.specialolympics.org/history.aspx" target="_blank">History of Special Olympics</a>." Special Olympics. http://www.specialolympics.org/history.aspx. Transcript UNIVERSITY Cougar Drive high schools intellectual disabilities intellectual disability orlando people with disabilities Special Olympics track and field tracks University High School https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/736af2d5b2b70dbb6b73f10ba75d994f.jpg 46d38c928121fc9d441a3194b0c582e8 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/de31719d30484f786963cb1454205ef7.jpg 0d044c8da1eed441e882feb29a107683 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Orlando Collection Description The Orlando area was originally occupied by the Creek and Seminole tribes. In 1838, Fort Gatlin was erected on the shores of Lake Gatlin, just a few miles south of present-day Downtown Orlando. Centered around Church Street, Orlando became a city in 1884. Originally a cattle town, Orlando grew into a major citrus growing center by the 1920s. The city continued to grow during the Great Depression with aid from the Work Progress Administration (WPA). During World War II, Orlando became a major military center as well, with the development of the McCoy Air Force Base and Pinecastle Air Force Base, and with the addition of the Naval Training Center (NTC) Orlando in 1968. Downtown Orlando declined in the 1960s and 1970s. Redevelopment began in the 1970s and continued into the 1980s, with projects such as the Church Street Station entertainment complex. In 1998, a building boom began and continued through the 2000s. Contributor Cook, Thomas Cepero, Nancy Lynn Cepero, Laura Lynn Alternative Title Orlando Collection Subject Orlando (Fla.) Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/46" target="_blank">Orange County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Orlando, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference Antequino, Stephanie Gaub, and Tana Mosier Porter. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783150094" target="_blank">Lost Orlando</a>. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Pub, 2012. Rajtar, Steve. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70911136" target="_blank">A Guide to Historic Orlando</a>. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2006. "<a href="http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Historic District Walking Tour</a>." City of Orlando. http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf. Has Format <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/69" target="_blank">Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/106" target="_blank">Orlando Remembered Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/126" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Information Center Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/110" target="_blank">Orlando Public Library Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/111" target="_blank">Orlando Regions Bank Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Discovery Island, 1991 Alternative Title Discovery Island Subject Orlando (Fla.) Lake Buena Vista (Fla.) Theme parks Lakes--Florida Description Discovery Island, located at the Walt Disney World Resort Bay Lake near Orlando, Florida, in September of 1991. Before the arrival of Walt Disney World, the 11.5-acre island was called Raz Island, in honor of the family that inhabited it. In the late 1930s, Delmar "Radio Nick" S. Nicholson (1898-1978) purchased the property and renamed it Idle Bay Isle. Twenty years later, the island was sold and renamed Riles Island, which was used as retreat for hunting. Disney finally bought the island in 1965, prior to the construction of the Walt Disney World Resort. On April 8, 1974, the property opened to guests as Treasure Island. Some years later, it was designated as a zoological park and renamed Discovery Island. On April 8, 1999, the park was closed to the public and all animals were relocated to Disney's Animal Kingdom or other zoos. Despite talks of developing Myst Island in cooperation of the developers of the video game Myst, the park remains closed to the public. Type Still Image Source Original color photographs, September 1991: Private Collection of Nancy Lynn Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/20" target="_blank">Orlando Collection</a>, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color photographs, September 1991. Coverage Discovery Island, Orlando, Florida Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Date Created ca. 1991-09 Format image/jpg Extent 135 KB 197 KB Medium 2 color photographs Language eng Mediator History Teacher Geography Teacher Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Nancy Lynn Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="http://www.wdwinfo.com/wdwinfo/guides/river/river.htm" target="_blank">Discovery Island</a>." Walt Disney World. http://www.wdwinfo.com/wdwinfo/guides/river/river.htm. "<a href="http://www.yesterland.com/rivercountry.html" target="_blank">Discovery Island Closed by Brain-Eating Amoeba?</a>" Yesterland. http://www.yesterland.com/rivercountry.html. "<a href="http://www.moderndayruins.com/2008/01/disneys-river-country.html" target="_blank">Discovery Island Abandoned</a>." Modern Day Ruins. http://www.moderndayruins.com/2008/01/disneys-river-country.html. Bay Lake Discovery Island Idle Bay Isle lake lakes orlando Raz Island Riles Island theme parks Treasure Island Walt Disney World water parks https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/e3e3ce666bbc496c12c8e3dd1e0e35ee.jpg fa4f295b84da68969f1d1edfb33b25b4 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/18ece55f788a744aa403a280d98ca5dd.jpg b21a8370e1aa29a33f9e743712523e94 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Orlando Collection Description The Orlando area was originally occupied by the Creek and Seminole tribes. In 1838, Fort Gatlin was erected on the shores of Lake Gatlin, just a few miles south of present-day Downtown Orlando. Centered around Church Street, Orlando became a city in 1884. Originally a cattle town, Orlando grew into a major citrus growing center by the 1920s. The city continued to grow during the Great Depression with aid from the Work Progress Administration (WPA). During World War II, Orlando became a major military center as well, with the development of the McCoy Air Force Base and Pinecastle Air Force Base, and with the addition of the Naval Training Center (NTC) Orlando in 1968. Downtown Orlando declined in the 1960s and 1970s. Redevelopment began in the 1970s and continued into the 1980s, with projects such as the Church Street Station entertainment complex. In 1998, a building boom began and continued through the 2000s. Contributor Cook, Thomas Cepero, Nancy Lynn Cepero, Laura Lynn Alternative Title Orlando Collection Subject Orlando (Fla.) Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/46" target="_blank">Orange County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Orlando, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference Antequino, Stephanie Gaub, and Tana Mosier Porter. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783150094" target="_blank">Lost Orlando</a>. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Pub, 2012. Rajtar, Steve. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70911136" target="_blank">A Guide to Historic Orlando</a>. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2006. "<a href="http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Historic District Walking Tour</a>." City of Orlando. http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf. Has Format <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/69" target="_blank">Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/106" target="_blank">Orlando Remembered Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/126" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Information Center Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/110" target="_blank">Orlando Public Library Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/111" target="_blank">Orlando Regions Bank Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Disney's River Country, 1991 Alternative Title Disney's River Country Subject Orlando (Fla.) Lake Buena Vista (Fla.) Theme parks Description Disney's River Country, located at the Walt Disney World Resort Bay Lake near Orlando, Florida, in June of 1991. In the first photograph, Dennis Cepero (b. 1986) can be seen in the bottom left corner wearing a white t-shirt. In the second photograph, Ray Cepero (b. 1947) can be seen in a blue swimsuit, with his daughter, Laura Lynn Cepero (b. 1987) sitting to his right. Set on the shore of Bay Lake, Disney's first water park opened on June 20, 1976. The wilderness-theme water park utilized a water-filtering system that used water dammed from Bay Lake. Despite competition from Disney's more successful water parks—Typhoon Lagoon and Blizzard Beach—River Country continued to operate until September 1, 2001. Originally, the park had planned to re-open when the warm-weather season came around in the spring of 2002. However, business for all Disney attractions suffered as a result of the terrorist attacks on New York City and Washington, D.C. on September 11, 2001. River Country did not re-open due to lack of guest demand. Type Still Image Source Original color photographs, June 1991: Private Collection of Nancy Lynn Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/20" target="_blank">Orlando Collection</a>, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color photographs, June 1991. Coverage Disney's River Country, Orlando, Florida Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Date Created ca. 1991-06 Format image/jpg Extent 140 KB 164 KB Medium 2 color photographs Language eng Mediator History Teacher Geography Teacher Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Nancy Lynn Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="http://www.wdwinfo.com/wdwinfo/guides/river/river.htm" target="_blank">RIVER COUNTRY</a>." Walt Disney World. http://www.wdwinfo.com/wdwinfo/guides/river/river.htm. "<a href="http://www.yesterland.com/rivercountry.html" target="_blank">River Country Closed by Brain-Eating Amoeba?</a>" Yesterland. http://www.yesterland.com/rivercountry.html. "<a href="http://www.moderndayruins.com/2008/01/disneys-river-country.html" target="_blank">Disney's River Country Abandoned</a>." Modern Day Ruins. http://www.moderndayruins.com/2008/01/disneys-river-country.html. Dennis Cepero Disney's River Country Lake Buena Vista Laura Lynn Cepero orlando Raúl Cepero Ray Cepero River Country theme parks Walt Disney World water parks https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/e7beb695456a58bc1782bbe41d594861.jpg b291e215506cff34033eadfd3adc80e5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Orlando Collection Description The Orlando area was originally occupied by the Creek and Seminole tribes. In 1838, Fort Gatlin was erected on the shores of Lake Gatlin, just a few miles south of present-day Downtown Orlando. Centered around Church Street, Orlando became a city in 1884. Originally a cattle town, Orlando grew into a major citrus growing center by the 1920s. The city continued to grow during the Great Depression with aid from the Work Progress Administration (WPA). During World War II, Orlando became a major military center as well, with the development of the McCoy Air Force Base and Pinecastle Air Force Base, and with the addition of the Naval Training Center (NTC) Orlando in 1968. Downtown Orlando declined in the 1960s and 1970s. Redevelopment began in the 1970s and continued into the 1980s, with projects such as the Church Street Station entertainment complex. In 1998, a building boom began and continued through the 2000s. Contributor Cook, Thomas Cepero, Nancy Lynn Cepero, Laura Lynn Alternative Title Orlando Collection Subject Orlando (Fla.) Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/46" target="_blank">Orange County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Orlando, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference Antequino, Stephanie Gaub, and Tana Mosier Porter. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783150094" target="_blank">Lost Orlando</a>. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Pub, 2012. Rajtar, Steve. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70911136" target="_blank">A Guide to Historic Orlando</a>. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2006. "<a href="http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Historic District Walking Tour</a>." City of Orlando. http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf. Has Format <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/69" target="_blank">Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/106" target="_blank">Orlando Remembered Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/126" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Information Center Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/110" target="_blank">Orlando Public Library Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/111" target="_blank">Orlando Regions Bank Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Street Performer at Church Street Station, 1998 Alternative Title Church Street Station Subject Orlando (Fla.) Railroads--Florida Description A street performer at Church Street Station, located at 76-135 West Church Street in Downtown Orlando, Florida, in March of 1998. The original site was occupied by a railroad depot built around 1883 for the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad (ACL). The depot was designed by T. B. Cotter in the Queen Anne/Eclectic Victorian style and constructed by Henry B. Plant (1819-1899). The building was demolished around 1890 and the current Church Street Station Depot was constructed by the South Florida Railroad on the same lot. The site also served the Tavares, Orlando and Atlantic Railroad, and the Orlando and Winter Park Railway. In 1926, the Orlando Health/Amtrak station took over passenger operations, but Church Street Station continued to serve as a ticket outlet and freight station until 1972. In 1973, a Dixieland-theme entertainment complex was established between the railroad tracks and Garland Avenue in seven vacant buildings for $22 million. The depot itself houses retail shops. The depot was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 1976 and named an Orlando Historic Landmark in 1978. In 1988, the complex was expanded to include the Church Street Exchange and the Church Street Market. The development was led by Bob Snow and Steve Fuller and sold in 1989 for $61 million. The complex peaked in the 1980s, drawing approximately 1.7 million visitors a year. Due to failure to compete with major theme parks, visitor attendance dwindled and the complex was sold in 2001, only to close shortly after. Type Still Image Source Original color photograph, March 1998: Private Collection of Nancy Lynn Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/20" target="_blank">Orlando Collection</a>, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color photograph, March 1998. Coverage Church Street Station, Downtown Orlando, Florida Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Date Created ca. 1998-03 Format image/jpg Extent 157 KB Medium 1 color photograph Mediator History Teacher Economics Teacher Geography Teacher Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Nancy Lynn Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference Antequino, Stephanie Gaub, and Tana Mosier Porter. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783150094" target="_blank">Lost Orlando</a>. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Pub, 2012. "<a href="http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Historic District Walking Tour</a>." City of Orlando. http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf. Rajtar, Steve. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70911136" target="_blank">A Guide to Historic Orlando</a>. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2006. Mulligan, Michael. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/225874809" target="_blank">Railroad Depots of Central Florida</a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Pub, 2008. Church Street Church Street Station jugglers juggling orlando railroad depots railroad stations railroads street performers https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/ce15240433ff124e17326aa035148cbd.jpg 54646349b21470a3bd7db9832f4abab2 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/b3f224609f2c9128b3ff08ffd6b654de.jpg c747028ba080b104a853aaa789f9b886 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Orlando Collection Description The Orlando area was originally occupied by the Creek and Seminole tribes. In 1838, Fort Gatlin was erected on the shores of Lake Gatlin, just a few miles south of present-day Downtown Orlando. Centered around Church Street, Orlando became a city in 1884. Originally a cattle town, Orlando grew into a major citrus growing center by the 1920s. The city continued to grow during the Great Depression with aid from the Work Progress Administration (WPA). During World War II, Orlando became a major military center as well, with the development of the McCoy Air Force Base and Pinecastle Air Force Base, and with the addition of the Naval Training Center (NTC) Orlando in 1968. Downtown Orlando declined in the 1960s and 1970s. Redevelopment began in the 1970s and continued into the 1980s, with projects such as the Church Street Station entertainment complex. In 1998, a building boom began and continued through the 2000s. Contributor Cook, Thomas Cepero, Nancy Lynn Cepero, Laura Lynn Alternative Title Orlando Collection Subject Orlando (Fla.) Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/46" target="_blank">Orange County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Orlando, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference Antequino, Stephanie Gaub, and Tana Mosier Porter. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783150094" target="_blank">Lost Orlando</a>. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Pub, 2012. Rajtar, Steve. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70911136" target="_blank">A Guide to Historic Orlando</a>. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2006. "<a href="http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Historic District Walking Tour</a>." City of Orlando. http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf. Has Format <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/69" target="_blank">Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/106" target="_blank">Orlando Remembered Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/126" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Information Center Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/110" target="_blank">Orlando Public Library Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/111" target="_blank">Orlando Regions Bank Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Church Street Station, 1989 Alternative Title Church Street Station Subject Orlando (Fla.) Railroads--Florida Description Church Street Station, located at 76-135 West Church Street in Downtown Orlando, Florida, in January of 1989. The original site was occupied by a railroad depot built around 1883 for the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad (ACL). The depot was designed by T. B. Cotter in the Queen Anne/Eclectic Victorian style and constructed by Henry B. Plant (1819-1899). The building was demolished around 1890 and the current Church Street Station Depot was constructed by the South Florida Railroad on the same lot. The site also served the Tavares, Orlando and Atlantic Railroad, and the Orlando and Winter Park Railway. In 1926, the Orlando Health/Amtrak station took over passenger operations, but Church Street Station continued to serve as a ticket outlet and freight station until 1972. In 1973, a Dixieland-theme entertainment complex was established between the railroad tracks and Garland Avenue in seven vacant buildings for $22 million. The depot itself houses retail shops. The depot was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 1976 and named an Orlando Historic Landmark in 1978. In 1988, the complex was expanded to include the Church Street Exchange and the Church Street Market. The development was led by Bob Snow and Steve Fuller and sold in 1989 for $61 million. The complex peaked in the 1980s, drawing approximately 1.7 million visitors a year. Due to failure to compete with major theme parks, visitor attendance dwindled and the complex was sold in 2001, only to close shortly after. Type Still Image Source Original color photographs, 1989: Private Collection of Nancy Lynn Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/20" target="_blank">Orlando Collection</a>, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color photographs, 1989. Coverage Church Street Station, Downtown Orlando, Florida Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Date Created ca. 1989-01 Format image/jpg Extent 154 KB 150 KB Medium 2 color photographs Language eng Mediator History Teacher Economics Teacher Geography Teacher Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Nancy Lynn Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference Antequino, Stephanie Gaub, and Tana Mosier Porter. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783150094" target="_blank">Lost Orlando</a>. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Pub, 2012. "<a href="http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Historic District Walking Tour</a>." City of Orlando. http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf. Rajtar, Steve. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70911136" target="_blank">A Guide to Historic Orlando</a>. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2006. Mulligan, Michael. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/225874809" target="_blank">Railroad Depots of Central Florida</a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Pub, 2008. Transcript CHURCH STREET STATION BUMBY ARCADE Bumby Arcade Church Street Church Street Station orlando railroad depots railroad stations railroads https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/5fbde75e9dcce12b5e1e0bb148061a96.jpg d9fabdc412f6b559199d40dbcb568fd1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Orlando Collection Description The Orlando area was originally occupied by the Creek and Seminole tribes. In 1838, Fort Gatlin was erected on the shores of Lake Gatlin, just a few miles south of present-day Downtown Orlando. Centered around Church Street, Orlando became a city in 1884. Originally a cattle town, Orlando grew into a major citrus growing center by the 1920s. The city continued to grow during the Great Depression with aid from the Work Progress Administration (WPA). During World War II, Orlando became a major military center as well, with the development of the McCoy Air Force Base and Pinecastle Air Force Base, and with the addition of the Naval Training Center (NTC) Orlando in 1968. Downtown Orlando declined in the 1960s and 1970s. Redevelopment began in the 1970s and continued into the 1980s, with projects such as the Church Street Station entertainment complex. In 1998, a building boom began and continued through the 2000s. Contributor Cook, Thomas Cepero, Nancy Lynn Cepero, Laura Lynn Alternative Title Orlando Collection Subject Orlando (Fla.) Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/46" target="_blank">Orange County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Orlando, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference Antequino, Stephanie Gaub, and Tana Mosier Porter. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783150094" target="_blank">Lost Orlando</a>. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Pub, 2012. Rajtar, Steve. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70911136" target="_blank">A Guide to Historic Orlando</a>. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2006. "<a href="http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Historic District Walking Tour</a>." City of Orlando. http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf. Has Format <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/69" target="_blank">Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/106" target="_blank">Orlando Remembered Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/126" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Information Center Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/110" target="_blank">Orlando Public Library Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/111" target="_blank">Orlando Regions Bank Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Rosie O'Grady's Good Time Emporium, 1989 Alternative Title Rosie O'Grady's Subject Orlando (Fla.) Restaurants--Florida Description Gertrude Welsh at Rosie O'Grady's Good Time Emporium in 1989. Rosie O'Grady's was a restaurant that was once part of the Church Street Station entertainment complex in Downtown Orlando, Florida. The original site was occupied by a railroad depot built around 1883 for the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad (ACL). The depot was designed by T. B. Cotter in the Queen Anne/Eclectic Victorian style and constructed by Henry B. Plant (1819-1899). The building was demolished around 1890 and the current Church Street Station Depot was constructed by the South Florida Railroad on the same lot. The site also served the Tavares, Orlando and Atlantic Railroad, and the Orlando and Winter Park Railway. In 1926, the Orlando Health/Amtrak station took over passenger operations, but Church Street Station continued to serve as a ticket outlet and freight station until 1972. In 1973, a Dixieland-theme entertainment complex was established between the railroad tracks and Garland Avenue in seven vacant buildings for $22 million. The depot itself houses retail shops. The depot was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 1976 and named an Orlando Historic Landmark in 1978. In 1988, the complex was expanded to include the Church Street Exchange and the Church Street Market. The development was led by Bob Snow and Steve Fuller and sold in 1989 for $61 million. The complex peaked in the 1980s, drawing approximately 1.7 million visitors a year. Due to failure to compete with major theme parks, visitor attendance dwindled and the complex was sold in 2001, only to close shortly after. Type Still Image Source Original color photograph, 1989: Private Collection of Nancy Lynn Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/20" target="_blank">Orlando Collection</a>, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color photograph, 1989. Coverage Rosie O'Grady's Good Time Emporium, Downtown Orlando, Florida Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Date Created ca. 1989-01 Format image/jpg Extent 139 KB Medium 1 color photograph Language eng Mediator History Teacher Economics Teacher Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Nancy Lynn Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference Antequino, Stephanie Gaub, and Tana Mosier Porter. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783150094" target="_blank">Lost Orlando</a>. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Pub, 2012. "<a href="http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Historic District Walking Tour</a>." City of Orlando. http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf. Rajtar, Steve. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70911136" target="_blank">A Guide to Historic Orlando</a>. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2006. Mulligan, Michael. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/225874809" target="_blank">Railroad Depots of Central Florida</a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Pub, 2008. "<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/audio/Ep34-Attractions.mp3" target="_blank">Episode 34: Disney and Smaller Attractions</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/audio/Ep34-Attractions.mp3. Transcript ROSIE O'GRADY'S[sic] FLAMING HURRICANE WHISKEY Church Street Church Street Station flaming hurricanes Gertrude Welsh Orlando railroads railroad depots railroad stations restaurants Rosie O'Grady's Good Time Jazz Emporium https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/2d35cb1bfb2b45124a084f03170f7235.jpg 7ea52c74a2004a386f24a86258cbd8c8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Orlando Collection Description The Orlando area was originally occupied by the Creek and Seminole tribes. In 1838, Fort Gatlin was erected on the shores of Lake Gatlin, just a few miles south of present-day Downtown Orlando. Centered around Church Street, Orlando became a city in 1884. Originally a cattle town, Orlando grew into a major citrus growing center by the 1920s. The city continued to grow during the Great Depression with aid from the Work Progress Administration (WPA). During World War II, Orlando became a major military center as well, with the development of the McCoy Air Force Base and Pinecastle Air Force Base, and with the addition of the Naval Training Center (NTC) Orlando in 1968. Downtown Orlando declined in the 1960s and 1970s. Redevelopment began in the 1970s and continued into the 1980s, with projects such as the Church Street Station entertainment complex. In 1998, a building boom began and continued through the 2000s. Contributor Cook, Thomas Cepero, Nancy Lynn Cepero, Laura Lynn Alternative Title Orlando Collection Subject Orlando (Fla.) Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/46" target="_blank">Orange County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Orlando, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference Antequino, Stephanie Gaub, and Tana Mosier Porter. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783150094" target="_blank">Lost Orlando</a>. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Pub, 2012. Rajtar, Steve. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70911136" target="_blank">A Guide to Historic Orlando</a>. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2006. "<a href="http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Historic District Walking Tour</a>." City of Orlando. http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf. Has Format <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/69" target="_blank">Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/106" target="_blank">Orlando Remembered Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/126" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Information Center Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/110" target="_blank">Orlando Public Library Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/111" target="_blank">Orlando Regions Bank Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Interior of Church Street Station, 1989 Alternative Title Church Street Station Subject Orlando (Fla.) Railroads--Florida Description Gertrude Welsh and Lynn Lenahan at Church Street Station, located at 76-135 West Church Street in Downtown Orlando, Florida, in January of 1989. The original site was occupied by a railroad depot built around 1883 for the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad (ACL). The depot was designed by T. B. Cotter in the Queen Anne/Eclectic Victorian style and constructed by Henry B. Plant (1819-1899). The building was demolished around 1890 and the current Church Street Station Depot was constructed by the South Florida Railroad on the same lot. The site also served the Tavares, Orlando and Atlantic Railroad, and the Orlando and Winter Park Railway. In 1926, the Orlando Health/Amtrak station took over passenger operations, but Church Street Station continued to serve as a ticket outlet and freight station until 1972. In 1973, a Dixieland-theme entertainment complex was established between the railroad tracks and Garland Avenue in seven vacant buildings for $22 million. The depot itself houses retail shops. The depot was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 1976 and named an Orlando Historic Landmark in 1978. In 1988, the complex was expanded to include the Church Street Exchange and the Church Street Market. The development was led by Bob Snow and Steve Fuller and sold in 1989 for $61 million. The complex peaked in the 1980s, drawing approximately 1.7 million visitors a year. Due to failure to compete with major theme parks, visitor attendance dwindled and the complex was sold in 2001, only to close shortly after. Type Still Image Source Original color photograph by Nancy Lynn Cepero by Nancy Lynn Cepero, 1989: Private Collection of Nancy Lynn Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/20" target="_blank">Orlando Collection</a>, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color photograph by Nancy Lynn Cepero, 1989. Coverage Church Street Station, Downtown Orlando, Florida Creator Cepero, Nancy Lynn Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Date Created ca. 1989-01 Format image/jpg Extent 156 KB Medium 1 color photograph Language eng Mediator History Teacher Economics Teacher Provenance Originally created by Nancy Lynn Cepero. Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Nancy Lynn Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference Antequino, Stephanie Gaub, and Tana Mosier Porter. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783150094" target="_blank">Lost Orlando</a>. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Pub, 2012. "<a href="http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Historic District Walking Tour</a>." City of Orlando. http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf. Rajtar, Steve. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70911136" target="_blank">A Guide to Historic Orlando</a>. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2006. Mulligan, Michael. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/225874809" target="_blank">Railroad Depots of Central Florida</a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Pub, 2008. Transcript ROSIE O'GRADY'S GOOD TIME EMPORIUM LILI MARLENE'S APPLE ANNIE'S PHINEAS PHOGG'S LM PRIVATE PARLOUR ROOMS ROSIE O'GRADY'S FLYING CIRCUS WELCOME TO CHURCH STREET STATION LET THE GOOD TIMES ROLL! CHEYENNE SALOON ORCHID GARDEN BUMBY EMPORIUM THE MORNING GLORY CRACKERS THE WINE CELLAR CHURCH ST. DEPOT BUFFALO TRADING COMPANY Apple Annie's Phineas Phogg's Buffalo Trading Company Bumby Emporium Cheyenne Saloon Church Street Church Street Depot Church Street Station Cracker's Gertrude Welsh Lili Marlene's LM Private Parlour Rooms Lynn Lenahan Lynn Sabatino Nancy Lynn Cepero Nancy Lynn Sabatino Orchid Garden orlando railroad depots railroad stations railroads Rosie O'Grady's Flying Circus Rosie O'Grady's Good Time Jazz Emporium The Morning Glordy The Wine Cellar https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/af7baaa8953cd43133bff8c827988fcc.jpg dd67560bd5c9753859558c09d29613d0 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/cf1d318527af2aeb6ff7d61e5d020890.jpg 70fa8407528b0620e3768003d373aef4 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/00f9108585a5dd1ad4e9bd22e07e1d2d.jpg 0126ed53e5cdf27c39ef8d9b9b5e419d https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/7df479ba8db7bbcbeec9db9bb9ea1d4e.jpg 0c83fcf53503b2f1ed12f2486c3c8e56 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Ormond Beach Collection Alternative Title Ormond Collection Subject Ormond Beach (Fla.) Description Ormond Beach is a city located in Volusia County, just north of Daytona Beach. Timucuan Indians frequented the area, but it was not settled until 1643, when a group of Quakers arrived after being blown off course. Although relations were originally friendly, Timucuan chief Oseanoha led a raid of the Quaker encampment in 1704, obliterating the population. By 1708, the Spanish settled in the area, until the British took control. The city was named after James Ormond I, an Ango-Irish-Scottish sea captain responsible for transporting Franciscan settlers to Florida on behalf of King Ferdinand VII of Spain. In 1821, the U.S. acquired Florida from Spain, but settlement was delayed by the Second Seminole War. Following the American Civil War, the area became a popular tourist destinating for wealthy travelers. In 1875, settlers from New Britain, Connecticut, founded the city as New Britain, but the city was incorporated in 1880 as Ormond. The St. Johns & Halifax Railroad arrived in 1886 and the Ormond Hotel was constructe in 1888. Thefirst automobile races were held on a track of beach from Ormond south to Daytona Beach in 1902. As a result, Ormond Beach is nicknamed "The Birthplace of Speed." Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/75" target="_blank">Volusia County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Ormond Beach, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="http://fl-ormondbeach.civicplus.com/index.aspx?nid=95" target="_blank">History</a>." City of Ormond Beach, Florida. http://fl-ormondbeach.civicplus.com/index.aspx?nid=95/. Ormond Beach Historical Trust, Inc. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/43302009" target="_blank">Ormond Beach</a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 1999. Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Cepero, Ray Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Ormond Beach, 2014 Alternative Title Ormond Beach Subject Ormond Beach (Fla.) Beaches--Florida Description A variety of birds at Ormond Beach, Florida, in 2014. Some of the species of birds shown in the images include gulls, terns, sanderlings, dowitchers, and willets. Ormond Beach is a city located in Volusia County, just north of Daytona Beach. Timucuan Indians frequented the area, but it was not settled until 1643, when a group of Quakers arrived after being blown off course. Although relations were originally friendly, Timucuan chief Oseanoha led a raid of the Quaker encampment in 1704, obliterating the population. By 1708, the Spanish settled in the area, until the British took control. The city was named after James Ormond I, an Anglo-Irish-Scottish sea captain responsible for transporting Franciscan settlers to Florida on behalf of King Ferdinand VII of Spain. In 1821, the U.S. acquired Florida from Spain, but settlement was delayed by the Second Seminole War. Following the American Civil War, the area became a popular tourist destination for wealthy travelers. In 1875, settlers from New Britain, Connecticut, founded the city as New Britain, but the city was incorporated in 1880 as Ormond. The city was named after James Ormond I, an Anglo-Irish-Scottish sea captain responsible for transporting Franciscan settlers to Florida on behalf of King Ferdinand VII of Spain (1784-1833). The St. Johns & Halifax Railroad arrived in 1886 and the Ormond Hotel was constructed in 1888. The first automobile races were held on a track of beach from Ormond south to Daytona Beach in 1902. As a result, Ormond Beach is nicknamed "The Birthplace of Speed." Type Still Image Source Original color digital images by Ray Cepero, February 12, 2014: Private Collection of Ray Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/135" target="_blank">Ormond Beach Collection</a>, Volusia County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color digital images by Ray Cepero, February 12, 2014. Coverage Ormond Beach, Florida Creator Cepero, Ray Contributor Cepero, Ray Date Created 2014-02-12 Format image/jpg Extent 154 KB 152 KB 159 KB 209 KB Medium 4 color digital images Mediator History Teacher Geography Teacher Provenance Originally created by Ray Cepero. Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Ray Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="http://fl-ormondbeach.civicplus.com/index.aspx?nid=95" target="_blank">History</a>." City of Ormond Beach, Florida. http://fl-ormondbeach.civicplus.com/index.aspx?nid=95/. Ormond Beach Historical Trust, Inc. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/43302009" target="_blank">Ormond Beach</a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 1999. beach beaches dowitchers gulls Raúl Cepero Ray Cepero sanderlings terns willets https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/057e624cd27cee81819a97afa378fa8b.jpg 4952fdc36bd63454dce77a6be02f6539 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Ormond Beach Collection Alternative Title Ormond Collection Subject Ormond Beach (Fla.) Description Ormond Beach is a city located in Volusia County, just north of Daytona Beach. Timucuan Indians frequented the area, but it was not settled until 1643, when a group of Quakers arrived after being blown off course. Although relations were originally friendly, Timucuan chief Oseanoha led a raid of the Quaker encampment in 1704, obliterating the population. By 1708, the Spanish settled in the area, until the British took control. The city was named after James Ormond I, an Ango-Irish-Scottish sea captain responsible for transporting Franciscan settlers to Florida on behalf of King Ferdinand VII of Spain. In 1821, the U.S. acquired Florida from Spain, but settlement was delayed by the Second Seminole War. Following the American Civil War, the area became a popular tourist destinating for wealthy travelers. In 1875, settlers from New Britain, Connecticut, founded the city as New Britain, but the city was incorporated in 1880 as Ormond. The St. Johns & Halifax Railroad arrived in 1886 and the Ormond Hotel was constructe in 1888. Thefirst automobile races were held on a track of beach from Ormond south to Daytona Beach in 1902. As a result, Ormond Beach is nicknamed "The Birthplace of Speed." Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/75" target="_blank">Volusia County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Ormond Beach, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="http://fl-ormondbeach.civicplus.com/index.aspx?nid=95" target="_blank">History</a>." City of Ormond Beach, Florida. http://fl-ormondbeach.civicplus.com/index.aspx?nid=95/. Ormond Beach Historical Trust, Inc. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/43302009" target="_blank">Ormond Beach</a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 1999. Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Cepero, Ray Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Sunrise at Ormond Beach, 2012 Alternative Title Ormond Beach Subject Ormond Beach (Fla.) Tourism--Florida Beaches--Florida Sunrise Description Sunrise at Ormond Beach, Florida, in 2012. Ormond Beach is a city located in Volusia County, just north of Daytona Beach. Timucuan Indians frequented the area, but it was not settled until 1643, when a group of Quakers arrived after being blown off course. Although relations were originally friendly, Timucuan chief Oseanoha led a raid of the Quaker encampment in 1704, obliterating the population. By 1708, the Spanish settled in the area, until the British took control. In 1821, the U.S. acquired Florida from Spain, but settlement was delayed by the Second Seminole War. Following the American Civil War, the area became a popular tourist destination for wealthy travelers. In 1875, settlers from New Britain, Connecticut, founded the city as New Britain, but the city was incorporated in 1880 as Ormond. The city was named after James Ormond I, an Anglo-Irish-Scottish sea captain responsible for transporting Franciscan settlers to Florida on behalf of King Ferdinand VII of Spain (1784-1833). The St. Johns & Halifax Railroad arrived in 1886 and the Ormond Hotel was constructed in 1888. The first automobile races were held on a track of beach from Ormond south to Daytona Beach in 1902. As a result, Ormond Beach is nicknamed "The Birthplace of Speed." Type Still Image Source Original color digital image by Ray Cepero, September 15, 2012: Private Collection of Ray Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/135" target="_blank">Ormond Beach Collection</a>, Volusia County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color digital image by Ray Cepero, September 15, 2012. Coverage Ormond Beach, Florida Creator Cepero, Ray Contributor Cepero, Ray Date Created 2012-09-15 Format image/jpg Extent 132 KB Medium 1 color digital image Language eng Mediator History Teacher Geography Teacher Provenance Originally created by Ray Cepero. Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Ray Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="http://fl-ormondbeach.civicplus.com/index.aspx?nid=95" target="_blank">History</a>." City of Ormond Beach, Florida. http://fl-ormondbeach.civicplus.com/index.aspx?nid=95/. Ormond Beach Historical Trust, Inc. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/43302009" target="_blank">Ormond Beach</a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 1999. beach beaches Ormond Beach Raúl Cepero Ray Cepero https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/99e616873978f26e2f554262459553a7.jpg bb30517ad2414815c9a20e7a7a79a6c7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Ormond Beach Collection Alternative Title Ormond Collection Subject Ormond Beach (Fla.) Description Ormond Beach is a city located in Volusia County, just north of Daytona Beach. Timucuan Indians frequented the area, but it was not settled until 1643, when a group of Quakers arrived after being blown off course. Although relations were originally friendly, Timucuan chief Oseanoha led a raid of the Quaker encampment in 1704, obliterating the population. By 1708, the Spanish settled in the area, until the British took control. The city was named after James Ormond I, an Ango-Irish-Scottish sea captain responsible for transporting Franciscan settlers to Florida on behalf of King Ferdinand VII of Spain. In 1821, the U.S. acquired Florida from Spain, but settlement was delayed by the Second Seminole War. Following the American Civil War, the area became a popular tourist destinating for wealthy travelers. In 1875, settlers from New Britain, Connecticut, founded the city as New Britain, but the city was incorporated in 1880 as Ormond. The St. Johns & Halifax Railroad arrived in 1886 and the Ormond Hotel was constructe in 1888. Thefirst automobile races were held on a track of beach from Ormond south to Daytona Beach in 1902. As a result, Ormond Beach is nicknamed "The Birthplace of Speed." Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/75" target="_blank">Volusia County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Ormond Beach, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="http://fl-ormondbeach.civicplus.com/index.aspx?nid=95" target="_blank">History</a>." City of Ormond Beach, Florida. http://fl-ormondbeach.civicplus.com/index.aspx?nid=95/. Ormond Beach Historical Trust, Inc. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/43302009" target="_blank">Ormond Beach</a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 1999. Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Cepero, Ray Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Ormond Beach, 2012 Alternative Title Ormond Beach Subject Ormond Beach (Fla.) Beaches--Florida Description Ormond Beach, Florida, in 2012. Ormond Beach is a city located in Volusia County, just north of Daytona Beach. Timucuan Indians frequented the area, but it was not settled until 1643, when a group of Quakers arrived after being blown off course. Although relations were originally friendly, Timucuan chief Oseanoha led a raid of the Quaker encampment in 1704, obliterating the population. By 1708, the Spanish settled in the area, until the British took control. In 1821, the U.S. acquired Florida from Spain, but settlement was delayed by the Second Seminole War. Following the American Civil War, the area became a popular tourist destination for wealthy travelers. In 1875, settlers from New Britain, Connecticut, founded the city as New Britain, but the city was incorporated in 1880 as Ormond. The city was named after James Ormond I, an Anglo-Irish-Scottish sea captain responsible for transporting Franciscan settlers to Florida on behalf of King Ferdinand VII of Spain (1784-1833). The St. Johns & Halifax Railroad arrived in 1886 and the Ormond Hotel was constructed in 1888. The first automobile races were held on a track of beach from Ormond south to Daytona Beach in 1902. As a result, Ormond Beach is nicknamed "The Birthplace of Speed." Type Still Image Source Original color digital image by Ray Cepero, May 26, 2012: Private Collection of Ray Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/135" target="_blank">Ormond Beach Collection</a>, Volusia County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color digital image by Ray Cepero, May 26, 2012. Coverage Ormond Beach, Florida Creator Cepero, Ray Contributor Cepero, Ray Date Created 2012-05-26 Format image/jpg Extent 110 KB Medium 1 color digital image Language eng Mediator History Teacher Geography Teacher Provenance Originally created by Ray Cepero. Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Ray Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="http://fl-ormondbeach.civicplus.com/index.aspx?nid=95" target="_blank">History</a>." City of Ormond Beach, Florida. http://fl-ormondbeach.civicplus.com/index.aspx?nid=95/. Ormond Beach Historical Trust, Inc. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/43302009" target="_blank">Ormond Beach</a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 1999. beach Ormond Beach Raúl Cepero Ray Cepero https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/9e76b75fd397d632162d11f596f34019.jpg 3c3cde1fcce4a648776f4804751819c0 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/b49b7000db725c9f309ab53f39f09e6e.jpg 18ca1ebe1bbfa05b47dbc779721f74af https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/485bc76aa8e58727a2c3fbedbc398791.jpg 88fd1f65743f83371364bf18bf3ae914 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Ormond Beach Collection Alternative Title Ormond Collection Subject Ormond Beach (Fla.) Description Ormond Beach is a city located in Volusia County, just north of Daytona Beach. Timucuan Indians frequented the area, but it was not settled until 1643, when a group of Quakers arrived after being blown off course. Although relations were originally friendly, Timucuan chief Oseanoha led a raid of the Quaker encampment in 1704, obliterating the population. By 1708, the Spanish settled in the area, until the British took control. The city was named after James Ormond I, an Ango-Irish-Scottish sea captain responsible for transporting Franciscan settlers to Florida on behalf of King Ferdinand VII of Spain. In 1821, the U.S. acquired Florida from Spain, but settlement was delayed by the Second Seminole War. Following the American Civil War, the area became a popular tourist destinating for wealthy travelers. In 1875, settlers from New Britain, Connecticut, founded the city as New Britain, but the city was incorporated in 1880 as Ormond. The St. Johns & Halifax Railroad arrived in 1886 and the Ormond Hotel was constructe in 1888. Thefirst automobile races were held on a track of beach from Ormond south to Daytona Beach in 1902. As a result, Ormond Beach is nicknamed "The Birthplace of Speed." Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/75" target="_blank">Volusia County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Ormond Beach, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="http://fl-ormondbeach.civicplus.com/index.aspx?nid=95" target="_blank">History</a>." City of Ormond Beach, Florida. http://fl-ormondbeach.civicplus.com/index.aspx?nid=95/. Ormond Beach Historical Trust, Inc. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/43302009" target="_blank">Ormond Beach</a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 1999. Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Cepero, Ray Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Hurricane Charley Aftermath in Ormond Beach Alternative Title Hurricane Charley Aftermath Subject Ormond Beach (Fla.) Hurricanes--Florida Description The aftermath of Hurricane Charley in Ormond Beach, Florida. Hurricane Charley formed on August 9, 2004, and dissipated on August 15. Charley was a Category 4 hurricane that made landfall in southwest Florida and was the strongest hurricane to hit the United States since Hurricane Andrew in 1992. Although Hurricane Charley weakened to 85 mph winds while passing over the Central Florida region, it still caused considerable damage, as seen in these photographs. Overall, the hurricane resulted in eight direct fatalities in Florida and cost the state over $13 billion in damage. Type Still Image Source Original color photographs by Ray Cepero, August 2004: Private Collection of Nancy Lynn Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/135" target="_blank">Ormond Beach Collection</a>, Volusia County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color photographs by Ray Cepero, August 2004. Coverage Ormond Beach, Florida Creator Cepero, Ray Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Date Created ca. 2004-08 Format image/jpg Extent 164 KB 144 KB 152 KB Medium 3 color photographs Language eng Mediator History Teacher Geography Teacher Provenance Originally created by Ray Cepero. Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Ray Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference Shetty, Raksha. "<a href="http://www.cbsnews.com/news/2-million-urged-to-flee-charley/" target="_blank">2 Million Urged To Flee Charley</a>." CBS News, August 13, 2004. http://www.cbsnews.com/news/2-million-urged-to-flee-charley/. Shetty, Raksha. "<a href="http://www.cbsnews.com/news/hurricane-charley-comes-ashore/" target="_blank">Hurricane Charley Comes Ashore</a>." CBS News, August 14, 2004. http://www.cbsnews.com/news/hurricane-charley-comes-ashore/. Dewan, Sahila K. "<a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2004/08/14/us/hurricane-charley-the-overview-hurricane-rips-path-of-damage-across-florida.html" target="_blank">HURRICANE CHARLEY: THE OVERVIEW</a>; Hurricane Rips Path of Damage Across Florida." The New York Times, August 14, 2004. http://www.nytimes.com/2004/08/14/us/hurricane-charley-the-overview-hurricane-rips-path-of-damage-across-florida.html. Hurricane Charley hurricanes Ormond Beach Raúl Cepero Ray Cepero https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/c5463b9985ff63ad873de5670e39dfc2.jpg 67e641c354522eb8be8767b7830af740 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Ormond Beach Collection Alternative Title Ormond Collection Subject Ormond Beach (Fla.) Description Ormond Beach is a city located in Volusia County, just north of Daytona Beach. Timucuan Indians frequented the area, but it was not settled until 1643, when a group of Quakers arrived after being blown off course. Although relations were originally friendly, Timucuan chief Oseanoha led a raid of the Quaker encampment in 1704, obliterating the population. By 1708, the Spanish settled in the area, until the British took control. The city was named after James Ormond I, an Ango-Irish-Scottish sea captain responsible for transporting Franciscan settlers to Florida on behalf of King Ferdinand VII of Spain. In 1821, the U.S. acquired Florida from Spain, but settlement was delayed by the Second Seminole War. Following the American Civil War, the area became a popular tourist destinating for wealthy travelers. In 1875, settlers from New Britain, Connecticut, founded the city as New Britain, but the city was incorporated in 1880 as Ormond. The St. Johns & Halifax Railroad arrived in 1886 and the Ormond Hotel was constructe in 1888. Thefirst automobile races were held on a track of beach from Ormond south to Daytona Beach in 1902. As a result, Ormond Beach is nicknamed "The Birthplace of Speed." Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/75" target="_blank">Volusia County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Ormond Beach, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="http://fl-ormondbeach.civicplus.com/index.aspx?nid=95" target="_blank">History</a>." City of Ormond Beach, Florida. http://fl-ormondbeach.civicplus.com/index.aspx?nid=95/. Ormond Beach Historical Trust, Inc. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/43302009" target="_blank">Ormond Beach</a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 1999. Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Cepero, Ray Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Ormond Beach, 1993 Alternative Title Ormond Beach Subject Ormond Beach (Fla.) Beaches--Florida Description Ormond Beach, Florida, in 1993. Ormond Beach is a city located in Volusia County, just north of Daytona Beach. Timucuan Indians frequented the area, but it was not settled until 1643, when a group of Quakers arrived after being blown off course. Although relations were originally friendly, Timucuan chief Oseanoha led a raid of the Quaker encampment in 1704, obliterating the population. By 1708, the Spanish settled in the area, until the British took control. In 1821, the U.S. acquired Florida from Spain, but settlement was delayed by the Second Seminole War. Following the American Civil War, the area became a popular tourist destination for wealthy travelers. In 1875, settlers from New Britain, Connecticut, founded the city as New Britain, but the city was incorporated in 1880 as Ormond. The city was named after James Ormond I, an Anglo-Irish-Scottish sea captain responsible for transporting Franciscan settlers to Florida on behalf of King Ferdinand VII of Spain (1784-1833). The St. Johns & Halifax Railroad arrived in 1886 and the Ormond Hotel was constructed in 1888. The first automobile races were held on a track of beach from Ormond south to Daytona Beach in 1902. As a result, Ormond Beach is nicknamed "The Birthplace of Speed." Type Still Image Source Original color photographs, 1993: Private Collection of Nancy Lynn Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/135" target="_blank">Ormond Beach Collection</a>, Volusia County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color photographs, 1993. Coverage Ormond Beach, Florida Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Date Created ca. 1993-06 Format image/jpg Extent 115 KB Medium 1 color photograph Mediator History Teacher Geography Teacher Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Nancy Lynn Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="http://fl-ormondbeach.civicplus.com/index.aspx?nid=95" target="_blank">History</a>." City of Ormond Beach, Florida. http://fl-ormondbeach.civicplus.com/index.aspx?nid=95/. Ormond Beach Historical Trust, Inc. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/43302009" target="_blank">Ormond Beach</a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 1999. beach beaches Ormond Beach https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/a7d78747902325d6ff1f466e53bb127f.jpg 8ceafeced39687334dddfa2c951e115b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Melbourne Collection Alternative Title Melbourne Collection Subject Melbourne (Fla). Description Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of Melbourne, Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around. Paleo-Indians were the first known inhabitants of the present-day Melbourne area. After the American Civil War, non-native pioneers began settling the area. Melbourne, formerly called "Crane Creek," was founded by former slaves in 1867. In 1919, most of Downtown Melbourne was destroyed by a fire. The Naval Air Station (NAS) Melbourne was established in late 1942 to train Navy and Marine pilots during World War II. After closing in 1946, the property became the Melbourne International Airport. In 1969, Eau Gallie merged with Melbourne. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/47" target="_blank">Brevard County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Melbourne, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn External Reference "<a href="http://www.melbourneflorida.org/history/" target="_blank">The History of Melbourne</a>." Melbourne, Florida. http://www.melbourneflorida.org/history/. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Brevard Zoo, 2000 Alternative Title Brevard Zoo Subject Melbourne (Fla.) Zoos--Florida Description The Brevard Zoo, located at 8225 North Wickham Road in Melbourne, Florida, in 2000. Pictured in the photograph are, from left to right: an unidentified child, Alicia Lynn Cepero; Robert "Bobby" James Lenahan, Jr.; Laura Lynn Cepero; and Lynn Lenahan (née Sabatino). Construction for the zoo was spearheaded by the East Coast Zoological Society of Florida, Inc. (ECZS) and began in 1992. The zoo opened on March 26, 1994. Type Still Image Source Original color photograph by Nancy Lynn Cepero, 2000: Private Collection of Nancy Lynn Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/127" target="_blank">Melbourne Collection</a>, Brevard County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color photograph by Nancy Lynn Cepero, 2000. Coverage Brevard Zoo, Melbourne, Florida Creator Cepero, Nancy Lynn Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Date Created ca. 2000-04 Format image/jpg Extent 183 KB Medium 1 color photograph Language eng Mediator History Teacher Geography Teacher Provenance Originally created by Nancy Lynn Cepero. Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Nancy Lynn Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="https://brevardzoo.org/" target="_blank">Brevard Zoo</a>." Brevard Zoo. https://brevardzoo.org/. Transcript BREVARD ZOO Alicia Lynn Cepero Bobby Lenahan Brevard Zoo Laura Lynn Cepero Lynn Lenahan Melbourne Nancy Lynn Cepero Nancy Lynn Sabatino Robert James Lenahan, Jr. zoos https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/04231808c0ee78ba09853a9f3176fd8f.jpg e5752041f547f8e7f72b1b318ec7044e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Maitland Collection Alternative Title Maitland Collection Subject Maitland (Fla.) Description Present-day Maitland was originally inhabited by the Seminole tribe, which called the area "Fumecheliga," meaning "Musk Mellon Place." In 1838, Fort Maitland was established on the west coast of Lake Maitland by the U.S. Army and named after Captain William Seton Maitland, a casualty of the Seminole Wars. Settlement in Maitland expanded at the close of the American Civil War and the citrus industry grew. Around 1876, Dr. Haskell formed a syndicate and began constructing a railroad from Jacksonville to Maitland that was completed in 1880. In 1885, the area was incorporated as the Town of Lake Maitland. Many left Maitland following the Freeze of 1894-1895. Despite the freeze's devastation, the citrus industry was able to grow and expand, reaching its peak in 1926. More growth occurred in the 1950s and 1960s with the development of the space industry in nearby Orlando and Brevard County. In 1959, the city was renamed Maitland. Growth continued in the 1970s with the arrival of Walt Disney World in the Orlando area. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/46" target="_blank">Orange County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Maitland, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="http://www.itsmymaitland.com/maitland_history.asp" target="_blank">Maitland History</a>." City of Maitland. http://www.itsmymaitland.com/maitland_history.asp. Poole, Leslie Kemp. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/320803902" target="_blank">Maitland</a>. Mount Pleasant, SC: Arcadia Pub, 2009. Contributor <a href="http://artandhistory.org/maitland-history-museum/" target="_blank">Maitland Historical Museum, Art & History Museums - Maitland</a> Has Part <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/113" target="_blank">Maitland Historical Museum Collection</a>, Maitland Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/150" target="_blank">The Maitland News Collection</a>, Maitland Historical Museum Collection, Maitland Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Chabad of Greater Orlando, 2005 Alternative Title Chabad of Greater Orlando Subject Maitland (Fla.) Synagogues--United States Judaism--United States Description The Chabad of Greater Orlando, located at 708 Lake Howell Road in Maitland, Florida, in 2005. Chabad-Lubavitch is one of the largest Orthodox Jewish movements. "Chabad" is a Hebrew acronym for chochmah, binah, and da'at (wisdom, comprehension, and knowledge, respectively). "Lubavitch" is the name of the Russian town where the movement was founded by Shneur Zalman of Liadi (1745-1812) in 1755. Like other Orthodox Judaic denominations, Chabad Jews strictly follow the laws and ethics of the Torah, the Jewish religious text. The worldwide Chab movement numbers approximate 200,000 adherents. Type Still Image Source Original color photograph by Laura Lynn Cepero, 2005: Private Collection of Nancy Lynn Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/112" target="_blank">Maitland Collection</a>, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color photograph by Laura Lynn Cepero, 2005. Coverage Chabad of Greater Orlando, Maitland, Florida Creator Cepero, Laura Lynn Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Date Created 2005-12-01 Format image/jpg Extent 105 KB Medium 1 color photograph Language eng Mediator History Teacher Geography Teacher Provenance Originally created by Laura Lynn Cepero. Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Laura Lynn Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="http://www.chabadorlando.org/library/article_cdo/aid/36226/jewish/About-Chabad-Lubavitch.htm" target="_blank">About Chabad-Lubavitch</a>." Chabad of Greater Orlando. http://www.chabadorlando.org/library/article_cdo/aid/36226/jewish/About-Chabad-Lubavitch.htm/. "<a href="http://lubavitch.com/aboutus.html" target="_blank">About Chabad-Lubavitch</a>." Chabad-Lubavitch Headquarters. http://lubavitch.com/aboutus.html. Fishkoff, Sue. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/50004380" target="_blank">The Rebbe's Army: Inside the World of Chabad-Lubavitch</a>. New York: Schocken Books, 2003. Transcript [illegible] Chabad Lubavitch Chabad of Greater Orlando Hasidic Jews Hasidism Jews Judaism Lake Howell Road Laura Lynn Cepero Maitland Orthodox Jews Orthodox Judaism synagogue synagogues https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/1b1de9c8eef21cdd03fe3330928f703e.jpg d3686e7c955f86358a6743fad1cfd1c4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Lake Mary Collection Alternative Title Lake Mary Collection Subject Lake Mary (Fla.) Description Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of Lake Mary, Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around. The major lake in Lake Mary is named after J. F. Sundell's wife, Mary Sundell. The Sundells settled on the northern shore of Lake Mary and organized a Presbyterian church in 1894. As a citrus-producing village, Lake Mary consisted of two settlements, located along the railroad between Sanford and Orlando: Bent's Station and Belle Fontaine. In 1882, Frank Evans migrated to the present-day Lake Mary area as a young boy. After retiring from his career as a circus entertainer for the Bailey Circus (prior to merging with P. T. Barnum's circus), Evans became a chemist. With profits from his dyed goods and textiles company, Evans constructed various commercial buildings, residential homes, and Lake Mary Elementary School. In 1923, he founded the Lake Mary Chamber of Commerce and was elected to the Seminole County Commission in 1926. On August 7, 1973, Lake Mary incorporated as a city. Contributor <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> Is Part Of <div><a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/44" target="_blank">Seminole County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida.</div> Language eng Type Collection Coverage Lake Mary, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference Cochran, Oladel, Letha Fowler, and Arolyn True. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/15199699" target="_blank">A Bicentennial History of Lake Mary, Florida, 1976</a>. Lake Mary, Fl: Bicentennial Committee, 1976. Green, Margaret S, and Margaret G. Wesley. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/15152221" target="_blank">Lake Mary's Beginnings and the Roaring Twenties in Lake Mary and Sanford, Florida</a>. Chuluota [Fla.: Mickler House, 1986. "<a href="http://www.lakemaryhistory.org/History.htm" target="_blank">Lake Mary's History</a>." Lake Mary Museum, Lake Mary Historical Society. http://www.lakemaryhistory.org/History.htm. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Special Olympics Track Practice at Lake Mary High School, 1997 Alternative Title Lake Mary High Track Subject Lake Mary (Fla.) Schools Special Olympics Track and field--United States People with disabilities--United States Description A Special Olympics track practice at Lake Mary High School, located at 655 Longwood Lake Mary Road in Lake Mary, Florida, on April 12, 1997. Lake Mary High first opened in 1981. From 2002 to 2006, the school has underwent a $20 million construction and remodeling project. Special Olympics was founded by Eunice Kennedy Shriver (1921-2009), the sister of President John F. Kennedy (1917-1963), in 1968. The project began as a day camp for children with intellectual disabilities in June of 1962. The first International Special Olympics Summer Games were held in 1968 at Soldier Field in Chicago, Illinois. Type Still Image Source Original color photograph, 1997: Private Collection of Nancy Lynn Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/119" target="_blank">Lake Mary Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color photograph by Nancy Lynn Cepero, 1997. Coverage Lake Mary High School, Lake Mary, Florida Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Date Created ca. 1997-04-12 Format image/jpg Extent 135 KB Medium 1 color photograph Language eng Mediator History Teacher Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Nancy Lynn Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="http://www.lakemaryhs.scps.k12.fl.us/" target="_blank">Lake Mary High School</a>." Lake Mary High School, Seminole County Public Schools. http://www.lakemaryhs.scps.k12.fl.us/. "<a href="http://www.specialolympics.org/history.aspx" target="_blank">History of Special Olympics</a>." Special Olympics. http://www.specialolympics.org/history.aspx. Dike Road high schools ID intellectual disability Lake Mary Lake Mary High School Nancy Lynn Cepero Nancy Lynn Sabatino people with disabilities race tracks Special Olympics sports track and field https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/228665072cd03e3be9a6a586472bd8a6.jpg b90934b480bc83c83793557b7c44580a https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/e9adbc1fd75fdc1742b84c18f358610d.jpg 342b76192d8174ea12adc90b8819c8e4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Lake County Collection Alternative Title Lake County Collection Subject Lake County (Fla.) Description Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of Lake County, Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around. Before the arrival European settlers, the present-day Lake County area was inhabited bu the Timucua tribe. In 1562, a colony of French Huguenots was established at present-day Astor, only to be wiped out by the Spanish in 1566. In 1763, a trading post was established by James Spalding at Astor. The few remaining Seminoles in the area were forced to live on a reservation located in present-day Lake County due to the signing of the Treaty of Moultie Creek in 1823. Non-native settlement increased rapidly following the end of the Second Seminole War and the passage of the Armed Occupation Act. Lake County was formerly established in July of 1887 from portions of Sumter County and Orange County. The county was so named due to its approximately 1,400 lakes within its boundaries. The citrus industry developed during the Great Depression. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Lake County, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="https://www.lakecountyfl.gov/media/travel_writers/history.aspx" target="_blank">A Brief Discussion of the History of Lake County</a>." Lake County, Florida. https://www.lakecountyfl.gov/media/travel_writers/history.aspx. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Rock Springs Run State Reserve, 1996 Alternative Title Rock Springs Subject Springs--Florida Parks--Florida Description Three members of the Cepero family at Rock Springs Run State Reserve near Sorrento, Florida, in 1996. Photographed from left to right are Dennis Cepero (b. 1985), Laura Lynn Cepero (b. 1987), and Alicia Lynn Cepero (b. 1975). Rock Springs Run State Reserve is a state park that includes Indian mounds, pine flatwoods, swamps, and artesian springs. The site also includes Seminole Creek, Wekiwa Springs Run, Rock Springs Run, and Wekiwa River. Type Still Image Source Original color photograph, 1996: Private Collection of Nancy Lynn Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/136" target="_blank">Lake County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color photograph, 1996. Coverage Rock Springs Run State Reserve, Lake County, Florida Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Date Created ca. 1996-02 Format image/jpg Extent 175 KB 159 KB Medium 2 color photographs Language eng Mediator History Teacher Geography Teacher Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Nancy Lynn Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="https://www.floridastateparks.org/park-history/Rock-Springs-Run" target="_blank">About Rock Springs Run State Reserve</a>." Rock Springs Run State Reserve. https://www.floridastateparks.org/park-history/Rock-Springs-Run. "<a href="http://www.abfla.com/parks/RockSprings/rocksprings.html" target="_blank">ROCK SPRINGS RUN STATE RESERVE</a>." Absolutely Florida. http://www.abfla.com/parks/RockSprings/rocksprings.html. Alicia Lynn Cepero Dennis Cepero Laura Lynn Cepero Nancy Lynn Cepero Nancy Lynn Sabatino Rock Springs Run State Reserve springs state parks state reserves https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/02755cac2d8d7024adfdfb436404ba29.jpg 9f0f8517c06a3953671bb0167095a963 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Kissimmee Collection Description Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of Kissimmee, Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around. During the 1700s, the Kissimmee area was inhabited by the Creeks and by African runaway slaves. The original Euro-American name of Kissimmee was Allendale, named so in honor of Confederate Major J. H. Allen, the operator of the first cargo steamboat along the Kissimmee River. The town served as a small trading post on the banks of Lake Tohopekaliga. Following the Civil War, Hamilton Disston, the owner of Disston Saw Company of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, purchased four million acres of land in the area at a total cost of $1 million. In 1881, Disston began to drain the area and deepen the Kissimmee River, thus allowing goods to be shipped into the Gulf of Mexico. When the city was incorporated in 1883, it was renamed Kissimmee. During the 1920s, Kissimmee, as well as much of Florida, experienced a land boom. The citrus industry and the cattle industry flourished during the following decade. Kissimmee experienced later periods of growth in the 1950s and the 1970s, as a result of the opening of Walt Disney World. Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Alternative Title Kissimmee Collection Subject Kissimmee (Fla.) Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/49" target="_blank">Osceola County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Kissimmee, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="http://www.kissimmee.org/index.aspx?page=250" target="_blank">THE NAME: KISSIMMEE</a>." City of Kissimmee, Florida. http://www.kissimmee.org/index.aspx?page=250. "<a href="http://www.kissimmee.org/index.aspx?page=252" target="_blank">1700S</a>." City of Kissimmee, Florida. http://www.kissimmee.org/index.aspx?page=252. "<a href="http://www.kissimmee.org/index.aspx?page=253" target="_blank">1800S</a>." City of Kissimmee, Florida. http://www.kissimmee.org/index.aspx?page=253. "<a href="http://www.kissimmee.org/index.aspx?page=254" target="_blank">1900S</a>." City of Kissimmee, Florida. http://www.kissimmee.org/index.aspx?page=254. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Water Mania, 1989 Alternative Title Water Mania Subject Kissimmee (Fla.) Theme parks Description Alicia Lynn Cepero (b. 1975) on a water slide at Water Mania, a presently abandoned water park located at 4449 West U.S. Route 192 in Kissimmee, Florida. The 36-acre park was originally owned by brothers Gary Larson and Randy Larson and opened in 1986. In 2005, the park, along with Larson's Lodge and Country Hearth Hotel were sold. Water Mania closed on September 5, 2005. Type Still Image Source Original color photographs, September 1989: Private Collection of Nancy Lynn Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/37" target="_blank">Kissimmee Collection</a>, Osceola County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color photographs, September 1989. Coverage Water Mania, Kissimmee, Florida Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Date Created ca. 1989-09 Format image/jpg Extent 110 KB Medium 1 color photograph Language eng Mediator History Teacher Economics Teacher Geography Teacher Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Nancy Lynn Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="http://www.watermania-florida.com/index.htm" target="_blank">Orlando Area Water Parks</a>." Water Mania. http://www.watermania-florida.com/index.htm. De Pari, Danielle. "<a href="http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2005-08-26/news/WATERPARK26_1_water-mania-randy-larson-kissimmee" target="_blank">Kissimmee water park is sold, will close Sept. 5</a>" The Orlando Sentinel, August 26, 2005. http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2005-08-26/news/WATERPARK26_1_water-mania-randy-larson-kissimmee. Alicia Lynn Cepero amusement parks Kissimmee Nancy Lynn Cepero Nancy Lynn Sabatino theme parks Water Mania water parks water slides https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/918c35b8cd72f353b4dead3190ba445b.jpg c630ebadaacdae81ee0389fe52297aa0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Heathrow Collection Alternative Title Heathrow Collection Subject Heathrow (Fla.) Description Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of Heathrow, Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around Heathrow is an unincorporated community just west of Lake Mary, Florida. Heathrow was founded by Jeno F, Paulucci in 1985. As a food business entrepreneur, Paulucci used the area to grow celery for Chun King, which was his line of Chinese-style food.. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/44" target="_blank">Seminole County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Type Collection Coverage Heathrow, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="http://heathrowcommunity.com/index.php%20target=">Welcome to Heathrow Community Site</a>." Heathrow Community. http://heathrowcommunity.com/index.php. Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Language eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Heathrow, 1993 Alternative Title Heathrow Subject Heathrow (Fla.) Description Heathrow is an unincorporated community just west of Lake Mary, Florida. Heathrow was founded by Jeno F. Paulucci (1918-2011) in 1985. As a food business entrepreneur, Paulucci used the area to grow celery for Chun King, which was his line of Chinese-style food. Type Still Image Source Original color postcard: Private Collection of Nancy Lynn Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/129" target="_blank">Heathrow Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color postcard. Coverage Heathrow, Florida Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Date Created ca. 1993-02-27 Date Issued 1993-02-27 Date Copyrighted 1993-02-27 Format image/jpg Extent 194 KB Medium 1 color postcard Language eng Mediator History Teacher Geography Teacher Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Nancy Lynn Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="http://heathrowcommunity.com/index.php%20target=">Welcome to Heathrow Community Site</a>." Heathrow Community. http://heathrowcommunity.com/index.php. Heathrow Nancy Lynn Cepero Nancy Lynn Sabatino neighborhoods https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/8adcdb0d30652f871ac954fbf751e125.jpg e1094e7655d01267e3773c6ec91d1d49 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/5ed95e5033753d96d0f589e75e6314af.jpg 3b28c2c7b872d7f7a19966fce4caa4aa Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Hudson Collection Alternative Title Hudson Collection Subject Hudson (Fla.) Description Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of Hudson, Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around. Around 1868, the first Euro-American settlers, which included Isaac Hudson and his family, arrived in the present-day Hudson area, naming it Hudson's Landing. In the early 20th century, the lumber industry began to grow with the arrival of the Fivay Company. In the late 1950s, the Army Corps of Engineers constructed 25 miles of canals, which served as transportation for new waterfront lots for many new residents to Hudson. Language eng Type Collection Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference Miller, Jeff. "<a href="http://www.fivay.org/hudson.html" target="_blank">HISTORY OF PASCO COUNTY: Hudson</a>." History of Pasco County, Florida. http://www.fivay.org/hudson.html. Miller, Harry G. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/822381" target="_blank">The Story of Hudson, Florida</a>, From the Dim Past to a Bright Future. [Hudson, Fla.]: Greater Hudson Area Chamber of Commerce, 1973. Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/120" target="_blank">Pasco County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Coverage Hudson, Florida Hudson Beach, Florida Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Hudson Beach, 1991 Alternative Title Hudson Beach Subject Hudson (Fla.) Beaches--Florida Description Hudson Beach, Florida, in May of 1991. Hudson Beach is located west of U.S. Route 19 and north of Port Richey in Pasco County. Before Hudson Beach was developed as a public beach in 1960, there was a small island located near present-day Harbor Drive that was used for swimming and picnicking. Original plans to develop the beach were led by Bud Clark, joined by Tom Sawyer and the Hudson Community Club. Despite slow progress, the State of Florida announced plans to develop a state park on the site, along with U.S.-19. The project was completed in 1960. Type Still Image Source Original color photographs, May 1991: Private Collection of Nancy Lynn Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/121" target="_blank">Hudson Collection</a>, Pasco County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color photographs, May 1991. Coverage Hudson Beach, Florida Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Date Created ca. 1991-05 Format image/jpg Extent 117 KB 115 KB Medium 2 color photographs Language eng Mediator History Teacher Geography Teacher Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Nancy Lynn Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="http://www.floridaamusementparks.com/resources/Cypress-Gardens-Adventure-Park.html" target="_blank">Hudson Beach Adventure Park</a>." Florida Amusement Parks .com. http://www.floridaamusementparks.com/resources/Cypress-Gardens-Adventure-Park.html. Flekke, Mary M., Sarah E. MacDonald, and Randall M. MacDonald. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/85451307" target="_blank">Hudson Beach</a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 2006. Rajtar, Steve. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70911136" target="_blank">A Guide to Historic Orlando</a>. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2006. beach beaches Hudson Beach Nancy Lynn Cepero Nancy Lynn Sabatino https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/7f74498446f6c05e8fa032b6a85131c1.jpg 7f3b5009246535b9c2d417e37f518411 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/3fdb71f11f7919cd9356d746cb4abf12.jpg 622b8d4995f5b7192793c0f37a0fd040 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/adfbb3c1fdbbe92296de84908281a58a.jpg 20865a51010a04381d871d26ae897b22 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/a10e611155029a10ef388958075e2098.jpg 0caf7c7944fb531a651f81053dc408dd Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Daytona Beach Collection Alternative Title Daytona Collection Subject Daytona Beach (Fla.) Description Daytona Beach was originally inhabited by the Timucua before the arrival of Spaniards in 1513. After the Timucua were virtually exterminated following contact with Europeans, the area was frequented by Seminoles from Georgia and Alabama, up until the Second Seminole War. During British occupation of Florida (1763-1783), King's Road was built, extending from St. Augustine, passing through Daytona, and ending in New Smyrna Beach. After the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), Spain regained Florida, and, in 1804, Samuel Williams was granted 3,000 acres of land in Daytona from the Spanish Crown. Williams established a cotton, rice, and sugarcane plantation. During the Second Seminole War, Seminoles razed the plantation, while Williams' son, Samuel Hill Williams, fled. In 1871, Mathias Day, Jr., a migrant from Mansfield, Ohio, purchased a large tract of land along the west bank of the Halifax River, which included the former Williams Plantation. With the construction of Day's hotel, today's Daytona Beach Historic District was created. In 1876, residents named the city "Daytona," in honor of Day, when the area was incorporated as a town. Growth continued in 1886 when the St. Johns & Halifax River Railway extended to Daytona. In 1926, the towns of Daytona, Daytona Beach, Kingston, and Seabreeze merged together as Daytona Beach, in an effort led by J. B. Kahn. By this time, the beach had been nicknamed "The World's Most Famous Beach." Automobile and motorcycle races began in 1902, due to the smooth, compacted sand that covered the beach. Daytona Beach became the site of various land speed record attempts. On March 8, 1836, the first stock car race was held at the Daytona Beach Road Course, which is located in present-day Ponce Inlet. William France, Sr. and the National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing (NASCAR) established the Daytona International Speedway in 1958 to replace the beach course. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/75" target="_blank">Volusia County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Daytona Beach, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Cepero, Ray <a href="http://www.cookman.edu/about_BCU/history/index.html" target="_blank">Mary McLeod Bethune Foundation</a> Has Part <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/76" target="_blank">Mary McLeod Bethune Foundation Collection</a>, Daytona Beach Collection, Volusia County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. External Reference "<a href="http://www.daytonabeach.com/resources/history/" target="_blank">Local History</a>." Daytona Beach. http://www.daytonabeach.com/resources/history/. Cardwell, Harold D., and Priscilla D. Cardwell. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/57383041" target="_blank">Historic Daytona Beach</a>. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Pub, 2004. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Doobie Brothers and Santana Tribute Concert at the Daytona Beach Bandshell, 2014 Alternative Title Daytona Beach Bandshell Subject Daytona Beach (Fla.) Beaches--Florida Music--Florida Description A Doobie Brothers and Santana Tribute Concert at the Daytona Beach Bandshell on August 16, August 16, 2014. Two restaurants, My Pi Pizza! and Sloppy Joe's, and a movie theater, Paragon Theaters, can also be seen in the images. Located at 70 Boardwalk in Daytona Beach, Florida, this amphitheater was constructed between 1936 1937. The Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA) began constructed in September of 1936 and the first program was presented on July 4, 1937. The bandshell was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic places on March 5, 1999. Type Still Image Source Original color digital images by Ray Cepero, August 16, 2014: Private Collection of Ray Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/80" target="_blank">Daytona Beach Collection</a>, Volusia County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color digital images by Ray Cepero, August 16, 2014. Spatial Coverage Daytona Beach Bandshell, Daytona Beach, Florida Creator Cepero, Ray Contributor Cepero, Ray Date Created 2014-08-16 Format image/jpg Extent 249 KB 289 KB 293 KB 294 KB Medium 4 color digital images Language eng Mediator History Teacher Economics Teacher Geography Teacher Humanities Teacher Music Teacher Provenance Originally created by Ray Cepero. Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Ray Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="http://www.daytonabandshell.com/" target="_blank">Daytona Beach Bandshell</a>." Daytona Beach Bandshell. http://www.daytonabandshell.com/. "<a href="http://www.daytonabeach.com/resources/history/" target="_blank">Local History</a>." Daytona Beach. http://www.daytonabeach.com/resources/history/. "<a href="http://www.codb.us/" target="_blank">City of Daytona Beach</a>." City of Daytona Beach. http://www.codb.us/. Cardwell, Harold D., and Priscilla D. Cardwell. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/57383041" target="_blank">Historic Daytona Beach</a>. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Pub, 2004. Halifax Historical Society (Daytona Beach, Fla.). <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/46980986" target="_blank">Timeless Daytona Beach</a>. Daytona Beach, Fla: Halifax Historical Society, 2001. Transcript mypi NOW OPEN SLOPPY JOE'S PARAGON THEATERS mypi custom pizza draft beer bandshells beaches concerts Daytona Beach Daytona Beach Bandshell Doobie Brothers Latin rock movie theaters music My Pi Pizza! Nancy Lynn Cepero Nancy Lynn Sabatino Paragon Theaters pizzas Raúl Cepero Ray Cepero restaurants rock'n'roll Santana Sloppy Joe's https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/2dbad301e490c5661b3691fea572df7e.jpg 7c687d73be43555cac3fd7093ade5be4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Daytona Beach Collection Alternative Title Daytona Collection Subject Daytona Beach (Fla.) Description Daytona Beach was originally inhabited by the Timucua before the arrival of Spaniards in 1513. After the Timucua were virtually exterminated following contact with Europeans, the area was frequented by Seminoles from Georgia and Alabama, up until the Second Seminole War. During British occupation of Florida (1763-1783), King's Road was built, extending from St. Augustine, passing through Daytona, and ending in New Smyrna Beach. After the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), Spain regained Florida, and, in 1804, Samuel Williams was granted 3,000 acres of land in Daytona from the Spanish Crown. Williams established a cotton, rice, and sugarcane plantation. During the Second Seminole War, Seminoles razed the plantation, while Williams' son, Samuel Hill Williams, fled. In 1871, Mathias Day, Jr., a migrant from Mansfield, Ohio, purchased a large tract of land along the west bank of the Halifax River, which included the former Williams Plantation. With the construction of Day's hotel, today's Daytona Beach Historic District was created. In 1876, residents named the city "Daytona," in honor of Day, when the area was incorporated as a town. Growth continued in 1886 when the St. Johns & Halifax River Railway extended to Daytona. In 1926, the towns of Daytona, Daytona Beach, Kingston, and Seabreeze merged together as Daytona Beach, in an effort led by J. B. Kahn. By this time, the beach had been nicknamed "The World's Most Famous Beach." Automobile and motorcycle races began in 1902, due to the smooth, compacted sand that covered the beach. Daytona Beach became the site of various land speed record attempts. On March 8, 1836, the first stock car race was held at the Daytona Beach Road Course, which is located in present-day Ponce Inlet. William France, Sr. and the National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing (NASCAR) established the Daytona International Speedway in 1958 to replace the beach course. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/75" target="_blank">Volusia County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Daytona Beach, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Cepero, Ray <a href="http://www.cookman.edu/about_BCU/history/index.html" target="_blank">Mary McLeod Bethune Foundation</a> Has Part <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/76" target="_blank">Mary McLeod Bethune Foundation Collection</a>, Daytona Beach Collection, Volusia County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. External Reference "<a href="http://www.daytonabeach.com/resources/history/" target="_blank">Local History</a>." Daytona Beach. http://www.daytonabeach.com/resources/history/. Cardwell, Harold D., and Priscilla D. Cardwell. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/57383041" target="_blank">Historic Daytona Beach</a>. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Pub, 2004. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Daytona International Speedway, 1995 Alternative Title Daytona International Speedway Subject Daytona Beach (Fla.) Description The Daytona International Speedway, located at 1801 West International Speedway Boulevard in Daytona Beach, Florida, in 1995. Home of 500-mile-long National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing (NASCAR) Spring Cup Series motor race, this race track was opened in 1959. Automobile and motorcycle races began in 1902, due to the smooth, compacted sand that covered the beach. Daytona Beach became the site of various land speed record attempts in the first half of the 20th century. On March 8, 1936, the first stock car race was held on the Daytona Beach Road Course, which is located in present-day Ponce Inlet. Bill France, Sr. (1909-1992), the founder of NASCAR, began planning the track's construction in 1953 to replace the beach course. The track was engineered by Charles Moneypenney and construction was completed in 1958. The track has been renovated in 1978, 2004, and 2010. New renovations for Project Daytona Rising is scheduled for completion in January of 2016. The track also hosts events for the Auto Racing Club of America (ARCA), the American Motorcyclist Association (AMA), Tudor United Sport scar Championship (USCC), the Sports Car Club of America (SCCA), and Motocross. Type Still Image Source Original color photograph, 1995: Private Collection of Nancy Lynn Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/80" target="_blank">Daytona Beach Collection</a>, Volusia County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color photograph, 1995. Spatial Coverage Daytona International Speedway, Daytona Beach, Florida Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Date Created ca. 1995-12 Format image/jpg Extent 120 KB Medium 1 color photograph Language eng Mediator History Teacher Economics Teacher Geography Teacher Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Nancy Lynn Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="http://www.daytonainternationalspeedway.com/Track-Info/Track-Facts.aspx" target="_blank">ABOUT DAYTONA</a>." Daytona International Speedway. http://www.daytonainternationalspeedway.com/Track-Info/Track-Facts.aspx. "<a href="http://www.daytonabeach.com/resources/history/" target="_blank">Local History</a>." Daytona Beach. http://www.daytonabeach.com/resources/history/. "<a href="http://www.codb.us/" target="_blank">City of Daytona Beach</a>." City of Daytona Beach. http://www.codb.us/. Cardwell, Harold D., and Priscilla D. Cardwell. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/57383041" target="_blank">Historic Daytona Beach</a>. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Pub, 2004. Halifax Historical Society (Daytona Beach, Fla.). <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/46980986" target="_blank">Timeless Daytona Beach</a>. Daytona Beach, Fla: Halifax Historical Society, 2001. Cardwell, Harold D. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/50922259" target="_blank">Daytona Beach: 100 Years of Racing</a>. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia, 2002. Pierce, Daniel S. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/676699113" target="_blank">Real NASCAR White Lightning, Red Clay, and Big Bill France</a>. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2010. beach beaches Daytona Beach Daytona International Speedway International Speedway Boulevard Nancy Lynn Cepero Nancy Lynn Sabatino race tracks https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/d14d4d9f2bf7afec4ff818a52703f7c5.jpg 8ccb642d9208f3452a09dbfd085a94f3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Daytona Beach Collection Alternative Title Daytona Collection Subject Daytona Beach (Fla.) Description Daytona Beach was originally inhabited by the Timucua before the arrival of Spaniards in 1513. After the Timucua were virtually exterminated following contact with Europeans, the area was frequented by Seminoles from Georgia and Alabama, up until the Second Seminole War. During British occupation of Florida (1763-1783), King's Road was built, extending from St. Augustine, passing through Daytona, and ending in New Smyrna Beach. After the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), Spain regained Florida, and, in 1804, Samuel Williams was granted 3,000 acres of land in Daytona from the Spanish Crown. Williams established a cotton, rice, and sugarcane plantation. During the Second Seminole War, Seminoles razed the plantation, while Williams' son, Samuel Hill Williams, fled. In 1871, Mathias Day, Jr., a migrant from Mansfield, Ohio, purchased a large tract of land along the west bank of the Halifax River, which included the former Williams Plantation. With the construction of Day's hotel, today's Daytona Beach Historic District was created. In 1876, residents named the city "Daytona," in honor of Day, when the area was incorporated as a town. Growth continued in 1886 when the St. Johns & Halifax River Railway extended to Daytona. In 1926, the towns of Daytona, Daytona Beach, Kingston, and Seabreeze merged together as Daytona Beach, in an effort led by J. B. Kahn. By this time, the beach had been nicknamed "The World's Most Famous Beach." Automobile and motorcycle races began in 1902, due to the smooth, compacted sand that covered the beach. Daytona Beach became the site of various land speed record attempts. On March 8, 1836, the first stock car race was held at the Daytona Beach Road Course, which is located in present-day Ponce Inlet. William France, Sr. and the National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing (NASCAR) established the Daytona International Speedway in 1958 to replace the beach course. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/75" target="_blank">Volusia County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Daytona Beach, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Cepero, Ray <a href="http://www.cookman.edu/about_BCU/history/index.html" target="_blank">Mary McLeod Bethune Foundation</a> Has Part <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/76" target="_blank">Mary McLeod Bethune Foundation Collection</a>, Daytona Beach Collection, Volusia County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. External Reference "<a href="http://www.daytonabeach.com/resources/history/" target="_blank">Local History</a>." Daytona Beach. http://www.daytonabeach.com/resources/history/. Cardwell, Harold D., and Priscilla D. Cardwell. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/57383041" target="_blank">Historic Daytona Beach</a>. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Pub, 2004. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Daytona Beach Bandshell, 1995 Alternative Title Daytona Beach Bandshell Subject Daytona Beach (Fla.) Beaches--Florida Description The Daytona Beach Bandshell in Daytona Beach, Florida, in 1995. Located at 70 Boardwalk in Daytona Beach, Florida, this amphitheater was constructed between 1936 1937. The Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA) began constructed in September of 1936 and the first program was presented on July 4, 1937. The bandshell was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic places on March 5, 1999. Type Still Image Source Original color photograph, 1995: Private Collection of Nancy Lynn Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/80" target="_blank">Daytona Beach Collection</a>, Volusia County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color photograph, 1995. Spatial Coverage Daytona Beach Bandshell, Daytona Beach, Florida Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Date Created ca. 1995-09 Format image/jpg Extent 114 KB Medium 1 color photograph Language eng Mediator History Teacher Geography Teacher Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Nancy Lynn Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="http://www.daytonabandshell.com/" target="_blank">Daytona Beach Bandshell</a>." Daytona Beach Bandshell. http://www.daytonabandshell.com/. "<a href="http://www.daytonabeach.com/resources/history/" target="_blank">Local History</a>." Daytona Beach. http://www.daytonabeach.com/resources/history/. "<a href="http://www.codb.us/" target="_blank">City of Daytona Beach</a>." City of Daytona Beach. http://www.codb.us/. Cardwell, Harold D., and Priscilla D. Cardwell. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/57383041" target="_blank">Historic Daytona Beach</a>. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Pub, 2004. Halifax Historical Society (Daytona Beach, Fla.). <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/46980986" target="_blank">Timeless Daytona Beach</a>. Daytona Beach, Fla: Halifax Historical Society, 2001. amphitheaters Atlantic Avenue bandshells beach beaches boardwalks Daytona Beach Daytona Beach Bandshell Daytona Beach Boardwalk Main Street Nancy Lynn Cepero Nancy Lynn Sabatino Ocean Avenue https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/a7010335057750457663540c8936ec02.jpg b4225080e01dc781a0e189b4618be248 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/312b0ddd2a838bb3dc27aff566ce2655.jpg acba7b4e1f9ee360ab5b7f56a92e4c7e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Cocoa Beach Collection Alternative Title Cocoa Collection Subject Cocoa Beach (Fla.) Description The first non-Amerindian settlement of the present-day Cocoa Beach area, then known as Oceanus, was a group of emancipated slaves following the end of the American Civil War. A group of citizens of neighboring Cocoa purchased the property in 1888, but left it undeveloped for several decades. In 1923, one of the groups members, Gus C. Edwards, purchased the land from his fellow co-owners. Cocoa Beach was incorporated as town on June 5, 1925. Edwards was elected the first mayor. The Florida Department of Transportation constructed State Road 140 (present-day State Road A1A) in 1935, allowing for increased development. In 1944, a Florida Legislature bill that would have dissolved the city government was defeated. The town was incorporated as a city on June 29, 1957. With the construction of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)'s John F. Kennedy Space Center (KCS), the city of Cocoa Beach experienced a major growth in population and economic development. However, the city experienced layoffs and economic decline during the period between the conclusion of the Apollo Program and the introduction of the Space Shuttle Program. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/47" target="_blank">Brevard County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="http://www.cityofcocoabeach.com/144/The-Years-1920---1980" target="_blank">The History of Cocoa Beach, Florida</a>." City of Cocoa Beach. http://www.cityofcocoabeach.com/citylife/city_history1920-1980.htm. Arnold, Wade. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/276818544" target="_blank">Cocoa Beach</a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Pub, 2008. Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Coverage Cocoa Beach, Florida Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Cocoa Beach, 1991 Alternative Title Cocoa Beach Subject Cocoa Beach (Fla.) Beaches--Florida Description Cocoa Beach, Florida, in September of 1991. The first non-Amerindian settlement of the area, known as Oceanus, was a group of emancipated slaves following the end of the American Civil War. A group of citizens of neighboring Cocoa purchased the property in 1888, but left it undeveloped for several decades. In 1923, one of the groups members, Gus C. Edwards, purchased the land from his fellow co-owners. Cocoa Beach was incorporated as town on June 5, 1925. Edwards was elected the first mayor. The Florida Department of Transportation constructed State Road 140 (present-day State Road A1A) in 1935, allowing for increased development. In 1944, a Florida Legislature bill that would have dissolved the city government was defeated. The town was incorporated as a city on June 29, 1957. With the construction of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)'s John F. Kennedy Space Center (KCS), the city of Cocoa Beach experienced major growth in population and economic development. However, the city experienced layoffs and economic decline during the period between the conclusion of the Apollo Program and the introduction of the Space Shuttle Program. Type Still Image Source Original color photographs, September 1991: Private Collection of Nancy Lynn Cepero. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/122" target="_blank">Cocoa Beach Collection</a>, Brevard County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original color photographs, September 1991. Spatial Coverage Cocoa Beach, Florida Contributor Cepero, Nancy Lynn Date Created ca. 1991-09 Format image/jpg Extent 120 KB 114 KB Medium 2 color photographs Language eng Mediator History Teacher Geography Teacher Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Nancy Lynn Cepero and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="http://www.cityofcocoabeach.com/144/The-Years-1920---1980" target="_blank">The History of Cocoa Beach, Florida</a>." City of Cocoa Beach. http://www.cityofcocoabeach.com/144/The-Years-1920---1980. Arnold, Wade. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/276818544" target="_blank">Cocoa Beach</a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Pub, 2008. Parrish, Ada Edmiston, Alma Clyde Field, and George Leland Harrell. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/47669471" target="_blank">Merritt Island and Cocoa Beach</a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 2001. Marcum, Dianne. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/767960892" target="_blank">Cape Canaveral, Cocoa Beach &amp</a> beach beaches Cocoa Beach Nancy Lynn Cepero Nancy Lynn Sabatino Oceanus https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/23288d20d38c0f7e671f6412e62d4b87.mp3 55a3af9e40b4b44c9a4a0ad9c247159b https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/663dc00c96defba98cdc99ec779a8f3e.pdf 42d0c3d670181b55b0a681f04154e110 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Altamonte Springs Collection Alternative Title Altamonte Collection Subject Altamonte Springs (Fla.) Description Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of Altamonte Springs, Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around. In 1870, Dr. Washington Kilmer of Cincinnati, Ohio, became the first Euro-American to settle in Altamont. In 1882, the area was renamed Altamonte Springs. The Altamonte Land, Hotel and Navigation Company was one of the major developers of the area. On November 11, 1920, residents voted in favor of incorporation. Contributor <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/44" target="_blank">Seminole County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Altamonte Springs, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="http://www.altamonte.org/" target="_blank">Altamonte Springs, Florida</a>." Altamonte Springs, Florida. http://www.altamonte.org/. Robison, Jim. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/49963391" target="_blank">Altamonte Springs</a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 1999. Shofner, Jerrell H. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/32274737" target="_blank">A History of Altamonte Springs, Florida</a>. Altamonte Springs, Fla: City of Altamonte Springs in association with Tabby House Charlotte Harbor, Florida, 1995. Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer Motta, Daniel Interviewee Hattaway, Bob Location <a href="http://www.adulttoystorage.com/" target="_blank">Adult Toy Storage</a>, Altamonte Springs, Florida. Bit Rate/Frequency 14111kbps Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Oral History of Bob Hattaway Alternative Title Oral History, Hattaway Subject Altamonte Springs (Fla.) Ferns--Florida Casselberry (Fla.) Sanford (Fla.) Zellwood (Fla.) Oviedo (Fla.) Airports--Florida Description An oral history of Bob Hattaway, conducted by Daniel Motta on June 14, 2012. Hattaway was born and raised in Altamonte Springs, Florida. In the interview, Hattaway discusses growing up in Altamonte Springs, working in the fern industry, his real estate and agricultural endeavors, his family's influence in Altamonte Springs and Casselberry, the greenhouse business, local politics, and the air travel industry. Table Of Contents 0:00:00 Introduction 0:00:46 Altamonte Springs during Hattaway’s childhood 0:04:26 Hattaway’s father 0:05:36 Childhood memories working in the fields 0:08:27 Education 0:09:58 Life after high school 0:13:16 Rivalry between Seminole County and Volusia County 0:15:24 Decline of the fern industry 0:19:20 Fern industry in Zellwood and shift to the tropical plant business 0:23:24 Interest in agriculture 0:24:11 Influence of the Hattaway family on Altamonte Springs and Casselberry 0:25:51 The Casselberry family 0:29:14 Greenhouse business 0:34:25 Local politics and involvement in the air travel industry 0:42:30 Evolution of the fern industry 0:45:28 How Altamonte Springs has changed over time Abstract Oral history interview of Bob Hattaway. Interview conducted by Daniel Motta at the <a href="http://www.adulttoystorage.com/" target="_blank">Adult Toy Storage</a> in Altamonte Springs, Florida. Type Sound Source Original 49-minute and 20-second oral history:Hattaway, Bob. Interviewed by Daniel Motta. June 14, 2012. Audio record available. <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a>, Sanford, Florida. Requires Multimedia software, such as <a href="http://www.apple.com/quicktime/download/" target="_blank">QuickTime</a>. <a href="https://get.adobe.com/reader/" target="_blank">Adobe Acrobat Reader</a> Is Part Of <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a>, Sanford, Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/118" target="_blank">Altamonte Springs Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Coverage Altamonte Springs, Florida Lyman High School, Longwood, Florida Winter Park High School, Winter Park, Florida Winter Garden, Florida Oviedo, Florida Zellwood, Florida Casselberry, Florida Orlando International Airport, Orlando, Florida Orlando-Sanford International Airport, Sanford, Florida Opp, Alabama Adult Toy Storage, Altamonte Springs, Florida Creator Motta, Daniel Hattaway, Bob Contributor Vickers, Savannah Date Created 2012-06-14 Date Modified 2014-12-10 Date Copyrighted 2012-06-14 Format audio/mp3 application/pdf Extent 498 MB 175 KB Medium 49-minute and 20-second audio recording 22-page typed transcript Language eng Mediator History Teacher Civics/Government Teacher Economics Teacher Provenance Originally created by Daniel Motta and Bob Hattaway, and transcribed by Savannah Vickers. Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by the <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> External Reference "<a href="http://www.myfloridahouse.gov/Sections/Representatives/details.aspx?MemberId=2876&SessionId=50/" target="_blank">Representative Bob Hattaway</a>." Florida House of Representatives. http://www.myfloridahouse.gov/Sections/Representatives/details.aspx?MemberId=2876&SessionId=50. "<a href="http://www.altamonte.org/" target="_blank">Altamonte Springs, Florida</a>." Altamonte Springs, Florida. http://www.altamonte.org/. Robison, Jim. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/49963391" target="_blank">Altamonte Springs</a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 1999. Shofner, Jerrell H. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/32274737" target="_blank">A History of Altamonte Springs, Florida</a>. Altamonte Springs, Fla: City of Altamonte Springs in association with Tabby House Charlotte Harbor, Florida, 1995. Transcript Motta This is Daniel Motta.I am interviewing Mr. Bob Hattaway at his business, Adult Toy Storage, in Altamonte Springs.To start, Mr. Hattaway, could you tell me where you were born? Hattaway I was born in the city of Altamonte Springs in 1936, which today, the location is on Lake Orienta, which at one time was called Orienta Ferneries, later in years.And the Hattaway family lived on that property for a number of years, probably 30 years, or something. Motta So you were born on the property? Hattaway I was born on the property, yeah.At that time, when I was born, 1936, a lot of people did not go to hospitals.They couldn’t afford it.So I was born at home. Motta And could you tell me a little about the neighborhood, the house, property? Hattaway The property, basically—it was 150 acres of property.Thirty acres of the property was into a fernery slat shed growing tropical foliage and plants, mostly asparagus plumosus fern, and then another fern called leatherleaf fern, which came on in a later date, which became very popular in the flower industry.But we were growing plants and flowers and a lot of different products back at that time, to sell.So it was a very rural area.Altamonte Springs had one road leading in and one road leading out, and it was Highway 436 [Florida State Road 436].If you wanted to go shopping, you would get on 436 and travel [US Route] 17-92 to Downtown Orlando, because there were no stores in Altamonte Springs, or Casselberry.You had to go to Orlando to shop. Motta And I imagine 436 looked a lot different then. Hattaway Yeah, 436 was probably a two-lane road, and going through the middle of Altamonte Springs was a four-lane road divided in the middle by two very large rows of oak trees, from about where the Altamonte Mall is today, all the way to the railroad track in Altamonte Springs.That’s going from west to the east. Motta Were any of these paved roads? Hattaway It was paved, yeah.Sometimes.But Maitland Avenue also was there, which was a two-lane road itself.But very rural.I mean, there was really nothing out here. Motta And you said, on the property, only part of it was ferns? Hattaway Yeah.Of the hundred acres, a lot of it, 30-something acres of it was slat shed fern itself, and the other was open fields, and we were growing plumosus or podocarpus, and were using that.We’d grow the podocarpus and cut that as cuttings and ship that to the northern market, to flower shops as well.So, and everything at that time, back when the fern business back in the [19]50s, and [19]60s, most of the freight was moved by rail, and not by truck.So there was a big depot in Altamonte Springs, and the depot itself, the major portion of it, was people like us—Hattaways, Casselberrys, Vaughns, etc.—shipping boxes and boxes and boxes of cut fern to the northern market, to flower shops. Motta And that would all take place here, or would it go to Sanford first, and go from there? Hattaway No. Motta Just directly? Hattaway There was a direct stop in Altamonte Springs and a direct stop in Casselberry, and also a direct stop in Longwood and Maitland.So they were little whistle stops, but most of the time they were stopping to pick up a product, like the fern product, and then some passengers.But there were no 7-Elevens, and there was absolutely nothing out here at that particular point in time.Not any tourists as well. Motta About how many families lived in this area, you think? Hattaway Well, you know, on the Orienta Fernery side, which was known as the Royal Ferneries at one time, there were probably—it was a housing development there, row houses for the migrant workers, or the workers, to live on the premise and work there, and [inaudible] 40-something houses with a church, [inaudible] on Hattaway Drive today, this long, long, long, then gone?.But they provided housing for people, and they were not great to live in and to be able to work. Motta And did your father build the houses and the church? Hattaway No, those were built back in the—golly.My father went in, they bought from Hibbard Casselberry, 1951.They bought what at that time they called the Royal Ferneries, and they bought that from Hibbard, and Hibbard bought it, I think, in 1946—‘45.And then my father worked for Mr. Casselberry, and my grandfather worked for Mr. Casselberry, and my two uncles, also, worked for Mr. Casselberry. All of them in stooped labor, cutting ferns by hand and taking it to the packinghouses, and then being able to ship the product to the northern market.And there were no Kmarts, and there were no big Walmarts, and those kind of things.Flower shops were flourishing.That was the mainstay of the fern business at that time, corsages and bouquets and things of that nature. Motta So what year did you say your father procured the property? Hattaway He bought the property from Hibbard in 1951. Motta Okay. So, when you were born, he was working in the industry?He just didn’t… Hattaway He was working with Mr. Casselberry.Yeah. Motta Okay. And what were your experiences like as a child? Did you also have any contact with—did you work in fields at all? Hattaway Yes, yes.Oh, yeah[laughs]. Those were wonderful moments.[laughs] Motta Could you tell me a little about them? Hattaway Out there with stooped labor, working in the—I would work in the summer months when I was out of school, high school and grammar school.I would pull weeds in the fernery.And they would hire a lot of young people like myself at that time—ten, twelve years old.And our job was—the fernery was full of weeds of various kinds, and so we’d line up ten, fifteen, or twenty of us in rows.We’d go down through and pull the weeds out of each row.That was a terrible job.I knew when that was happening I didn’t want to stay in the nursery business, or fern business.I darn sure didn’t want to be a stooped laborer in the field.But that’s where my family came from.I mean, they worked for every Casselberry.And Hibbard brought my grandfather and my father both out of the fernery, out of the field, and put my grandfather in charge of the fernery over[?]—which was the Royal Fernery at that time, Casselberry Ferneries as well—and put my grandfather in charge of that side of the fernery, and then my father went over to the main plant over in the middle of Casselberry, and he became the main foreman over there, in an office, working for Mr. Casselberry.And so Mr. Casselberry brought him out of the field, very little education, and put him in charge of a number of people.At that time, you know, back in the ‘40s and ‘50s, the fern business, it was a big business, and they were employing probably two, three hundred people.So it was a lot of people depending on the Casselberrys and the Foleys[?] in the fern business at that time as well. Motta So when you were in the fields doing that work that you loved so much, were you paid for that, or was that just something expected of you? Hattaway Oh, yeah.Yeah, we got paid for it. Motta Do you remember… Hattaway Twenty-five cent an hour.And I was, you know—I’ve always loved to work.That’s been my mainstay, and I’ve got great work habits.And I think most people back then did.I’m not sure what they have today.I know it’s not as good as it was back then.But Mr. Casselberry provided a lot of employment for young people when school was out, that they could work during the summer.And pulling those weeds was part of what you did.And I would get out, and we’d help with the repair of the slat sheds, repairing the irrigation systems, just to keep the fernery back in good repair, so we could grow the fern itself.But it’s hard work. Motta I’d imagine. Hattaway But, you know, I did that every summer.When I got out of school, the following week I’d be working in the field. Motta Could you tell me a little about where you went to school?Did you—high school, or did you go to college after? Hattaway Sure.I went to Lyman High School, grades one through twelve.I went to Winter Park High School the 10th grade to the 11th grade, and then came back to Lyman for the 12th grade itself.So I was actually grade one through ten at Lyman High School, the old school. Motta It wasn’t called Lyman High School then? Hattaway It was called Lyman High School, yeah. Motta But it was one through twelve? Hattaway One through twelve, yeah.There were, when I graduated, in 1954—’55 there were twelve boys and one girl in my class.Thirteen class.And the class behind us, I think, had 25.So it was a very small school back then, and grade one was, you know—all the way through.And I think they stopped that just before—no, it was still going on in 1955.It was still grade one through twelve, I think, at that time.But Lyman today is probably graduating one thousand kids at one whack.And you got Oviedo, and etc., etc.Great changes, but, you know, we had small classes.Probably the max in a class was 20, 25.Teachers were very personal.Teachers knew us all, and it turned out, had a good education.When I graduated from Lyman, I think there was only two people in our class went to college, and the rest of us went into the work field.And I immediately, when I graduated, I started buying real estate, starting my own fernery. Motta Graduated from high school? Hattaway Yeah, high school.I didn’t go to college. Didn’t go to college.And I was working—I got a job in Winter Garden with Continental Can Company, and they were making small cans to put orange juice into, frozen orange juice, and that was a—you’d put three cups of water with it… Motta The concentrate? Hattaway Concentrate, and do all those.I worked there at night, the night shift from 3:30 ‘til 12:00 or something of that nature.And then during the day, I bought a piece of property in Oviedo on Chapman Avenue[sic], and built my first nursery under oak trees.And I started my own business back in 1956—I guess ’57, ’58, something like that. Motta Where did you say the canning company was? Hattaway Continental Can Company. Motta Where was that? Hattaway In Winter Garden. Motta Oh, okay.So those… Hattaway It was a big canning company. Motta Pretty far from each other, the two? Hattaway I’m sorry? Motta The two jobs you had were pretty far from each other. Hattaway Yeah.Yeah.One was working in the can company, the other was working in the field, in a nursery.And started my own place.I bought an oak tree hammock.And we’d found by that time, in the nursery business, in the fern business, that slat sheds were very expensive, and you couldn’t keep them up because of cost, wood rot, and it became—they were falling down.So, we started… Motta How often do you have to replace those? Hattaway Oh, you were constantly working on the building, on the fields themselves, and you’re talking about 30 acres of slat shed.Just slats are, you know, four inches wide.And sometimes they would kind of fall down.If you’re tall like I am, you’d run into a slat and hit your head and etc.So we went from the slat sheds into buying oak tree hammocks, and putting fern under the oak tree hammocks.And we also started planting in the ferneries—the old ferneries, oak trees inside of the fernery itself—to grow up through the slat sheds for shade.You were looking for a certain amount of shade.And so we started that, and that’s where the slat sheds kind of disappeared, and everybody, especially Mr. Casselberry, his whole side was nothing but oak trees. Motta Oh, really? Hattaway The side we had, and my father and grandfather had, over on Orienta Fernery side, they planted orange trees, which was a really, really smart move, because they always had orange trees—they also had the product of fern under that.The problem was, when they planted the orange trees, they budded the orange tree to Valencia, navels, or whatever it’s going to be.When they sprayed the orange tree spray on the fern, to kill worms, etc., it killed the buds on all the orange trees.Ended up with 25 acres of sour orange trees, and there’s not a lot of market for sour orange trees.So it was just a good concept, but it didn’t work. Motta So, by that time, there was pretty much the natural solution of replacing the slats with the trees?Like, is that what all the fern owners pretty much moved to? Hattaway Yeah.Yeah.Everybody was doing that.Everybody was doing that. Motta Okay. Hattaway Fern business was big not only here in Central Florida, in the Orlando area, Altamonte Springs, Casselberry, Fern Park, but it was big up in Crescent City and Pierson, which it still is today. Motta Yeah. Hattaway It’s the mainstay up there as well. Motta Was there any kind of rivalry between, like, here and Volusia County? Hattaway Oh, yeah.Oh my god.Yeah.Yeah.They would—and I’ve heard my father talk about the stories that the price of the ferns had become very cheap—and so the industry got together and met someplace up in DeLand or something, some little community, with the main growers all meeting at one concept. Woman Excuse me, do you need anything before I go to lunch? Hattaway No, I’m good. Unidentified Okay. Hattaway I’m good.They all went back to discuss the pricing, and I guess they were trying to do what you’d call the price fixing.But the typical agriculture business, they all got together, they all decided, shook hands, and this is what we’re gonna charge to the fern.All of them couldn’t wait to run back to the phone and call their customers in Chicago[, Illinois] or New York or where it is, and say, “Hattaway’s going up on the price of his fern by three cent.I’m gonna stay the same price” or “I’m gonna drop the price.”It never worked.And so they cut their throat time and time again.But there was great rivalry, especially, that I’m familiar with, between the Barnetts, the Casselberrys, the Vaughns.And there was a rivalry there because Mr. Casselberry started the tax-free town of Casselberry, and the Barnetts were a big, very wealthy family, had a lot of ferneries in the Fern Park, Casselberry area, and they didn’t like Mr. Casselberry, because he was so aggressive, and he was a new guy in town.And they got into a hell of a rivalry.So it was always a shootout. Motta And the Vaughns, you said? Hattaway Vaughns. Motta They were also in Seminole County already. Hattaway That’s right.Yeah.They were up in Casselberry—which you would never say “Casselberry,” you would say “Fern Park”—which today is the location of the Home Depot. Motta Near Lake Concord? Hattaway On 17-92 and Concord.That area.So yeah, there was a real rivalry going on between the small families with the Casselberrys.And those three, those were the three players.So. Motta And this was like the ‘50s, early ‘60s? Hattaway Yeah, ‘40s and ‘50s. Motta So when did the fern industry kind of start slowing down, in the area? Hattaway Oh, god.My father—I read this this morning—and it had so many ups and downs that I wasn’t even aware of—when I read his notes.And the, you know, just the price of fuel became so high, and labor became so expensive, that we really saw it when my father bought the place in 1951 from Hibbard, like 130 acres, Orienta Ferneries.He, within five years, was subdividing the fernery.And he became involved in real estate, which was a really smart move. Motta And these, the plots, were they designed for the houses and also, like, partially for ferns?Like, if somebody wanted to grow, like, a little on the side… Hattaway No. That was way before that ever happened. Motta Oh, okay. Hattaway That was a lot of little nurseries that were back in the ‘20s and ‘30s. Motta So this was purely real estate? Hattaway Yeah. purely real estate.Yeah.He started taking the fernery, which had a hundred and some odd acres, and started selling the land off itself to people that wanted to move.By this time, Altamonte Springs and Casselberry and the community started growing, and so people were starting to migrate, if you want to say that, from Orlando out into the country.And we were selling real estate lots on Lake Orienta—that was a fernery—and we took some of the slat sheds down and were selling real estate lots 100 feet wide, anywhere from 250 to 300 feet deep, for $2,000, for a lot, on paved road. Motta Around what year was this? Hattaway In the ‘50s—’58, somewhere along there, ’57, ’58.That area where Hattaway Drive is today, that drive that was all Orienta Ferneries, all the property that my father bought from Mr. Casselberry.But he went in like Hibbard.Hibbard went into the real estate business big time.He had a lot of land.And he saw the handwriting on the wall itself.The fern business was just not thriving.There was—and, a lot of artificial stuff coming down the line.People were using podocarpus.People were using [?], using a lot of fillers instead of using the fern.It was cheaper to buy a filler and put inside, in that corsage, for the price. Motta Oh.I was about to ask what were some of the reasons it kind of went down.That was pretty much just the artificial—were other parts of the country… Hattaway It wasn’t artificial, then.It was just shrubs and things they were cutting that they could stick into a bouquet of flowers.Bouquet of flowers won’t last, you know, a week, four or five days.So they could take sphagnum moss, or they could take a ligustrum, or something that’s leafy and green, and put it in a corsage at a cheaper rate than they could a sprig of fern, or a sprig of leatherleaf fern. Motta But if people did want those kind of ferns, were they still dependent on this area, or were there other parts of the country, do you know of? Hattaway Not from what I remember.It was mainly this area, plus the Pierson-Crescent City area, that was the mainstays.Later on, it became, everybody started to go off—not everybody.Several of the nurserymen started going off to Costa Rica and islands, and growing fern down there.In fact, one of the largest growers, probably still today, moved from Zellwood.Name was John Marcell.He moved to Costa Rica, and the last I heard, and I haven’t seen John in a long time, he had over 1,000 acres of saran shade cloth, growing leatherleaf fern, and ferns shipping all over the world.Actually, I’ve been told he controls the fern market in Costa Rica.This[?] big.[laughs] Motta Was Zellwood into the fern industry, or were they in other agriculture? Hattaway And actually Zellwood was—it was a small little town, still today.Marcell was the main grower at that time of leatherleaf fern.Went over to Lockhart, there was another grower over there, name of Joe Wofford, and he had a small fernery, probably ten or fifteen acres.He was growing leatherleaf fern.And Apopka itself had started transitioning over from the fern business—the Ustlers, Mahaffeys—golly, some other families there.But they were more into the tropical foliage business, and growing—building—greenhouses, taking slat sheds and growing tropical plants, which were now becoming very popular.So they shifted from the fern business over to the tropical plant business.And I shifted, also.I saw the handwriting on the wall.The one I built over in Oviedo, myself, it was only small as ten acres.But I sold that to another fernery guy out of Crescent City, took the money of that and started buying property in Altamonte Springs, off Hattaway Drive, and built my first greenhouses.And I went in the greenhouse business.So I shifted from the fern business over to the tropical foliage business. Motta More broad[sic]. Hattaway Yeah. broader opportunity of selling to a greater amount of people.And my first greenhouse I built was out of used lumber, and I took a saw mill myself, and cut the two-by-fours and four-by-fours out of used lumber, and built my first building, which was 30 feet wide and a hundred feet long, which I have pictures of it there.And, gosh, over the years, became a pretty good size.[laughs] Motta And where did you say this first one was? Hattaway It was over just off of Hattaway Drive there in Altamonte Springs.Small place. Motta Okay.So how long were you—your property in Chapman, you said it was on Chapman Road? Hattaway Yeah.I was over there—I was in Chapman, probably, I had that nursery probably ten years.A good while, long enough that I’d made enough money working at night.At the Continental Can Company, they were paying me union wages, and I never joined the union.But I was making big bucks, and I was able to buy the land and do the things I’d need to do to get a business going.And it was pretty successful, but when I had the opportunity of selling that property to another person, then take that money and come back over into Altamonte, and go into a different business—although I was still in the agriculture business, it was a good shift.I ended up—well, the fernery there had 20 acres there on Hattaway Drive, and greenhouses—had probably ten acres of greenhouses there.And grew there for a number of years.To build the buildings, [?], build the buildings, I was—to get the lumber for that place—I was going, also to get the used lumber, I was going up and down the railroad tracks.They were taking down power poles and telephone poles, and I would cut the telephone poles and take the arms.At that time, they had arms going out with wires on them, and those were like three-by-fours, and they were like eight feet long, and I would use those for posts, as I gathered used stuff to build my whole nursery. Motta Were they just, like, the ones that they left there? Hattaway Yeah. Motta Was it okay that you took those?[laughs] Hattaway Yeah. definitely.They knew I was doing it.They were taking them down. Motta And, so, you pretty much built all those house, the original houses, yourself?It sounds like you’re a jack of all trades. HattawayI am. [laughs] Motta Did you enjoy the growing aspect?Like, did you have a green thumb, or was it like… Hattaway Oh, yeah. Motta Did you enjoy the business? Hattaway I enjoyed the business, and I definitely did not have a green thumb.But I enjoyed the business, and I didn’t know anything else.What else could a guy do?There wasno—there was nothing out here.You either worked for the Hattaways, you worked for the Vaughns, you worked for the Casselberrys, or you worked for the Bradshaws in the grove business.This was agriculture community.There was nothing to do.Or, work at the dog track, something like that.So it was, you know—happy as a pig in slop.[laughs] What else can you do?This is what it is. Motta This might be going back a little bit, but did your family have any influence on early Altamonte Springs, like developing and like with the government? Hattaway No, my father did.He was elected a constable.He worked for Hibbard.And when Hibbard incorporated the City of Casselberry—I’ve heard my mother and father talk about that the night that they did the incorporation, they had a town hall meeting before it was ever incorporated in Mr. Casselberry’s office.There was a—had to have a certain amount of people in the meeting to have a quorum and to be able to appeal to the legislature for incorporation. Motta And this—as a town? Hattaway As a town.As a town.And they didn’t have four[?] people… Motta This was around 1940? Hattaway In the room, so my father left the meeting, went home—we lived on Concord Drive—and brought my mother to the meeting, and she voted, and that’s how, that was part of the process of incorporating the City of Casselberry.My father was elected in 1941 as the first constable of the City of Casselberry.And it was a, I guess, kind of a window-dressing job, but he was constable for eleven years in the City of Casselberry. Motta And that’s kind of like the police chief of the town? Hattaway That’s right.Yeah.He was the police chief.[laughs] I don’t think he even had a badge.[laughs] But that’s old time there. Yeah.But you know, again, you know, this was small town, U.S.A.Hibbard would have—and I can remember this so well—he would, at Christmas time, he would have a big Christmas party on the front lawn of the offices, and for all the employees that worked for Mr. Casselberry, his entire operation.And he would get every kid a gift at Christmas time.And this was black, white, whatever it was be.He would always throw this big Christmas party.Big deal.You’d either get a knife or get a yo-yo or something like that.[laughs] But, and he was quite a—he was a good man.A lot of people, you know, just—vision, had great vision.And smart, wasn’t hard to talk to.He was a young man at that time.He was just good to us.He was very good for the community.Barnetts won’t tell you that.And the Vaughns won’t tell you that.But the Hattaways damn sure will tell you that real quick. Motta Did you know Mr. Casselberry personally, as a young man? Hattaway Mm-hm.Yeah.I knew him.He, and especially Leonard [Casselberry]. I don’t know if you’ve interviewed Leonard, Jane [Casselberry]? Motta Yeah. about a week or two ago. Hattaway Leonard used to come to my mother and father’s house, and Leonard would love to read comic books.[laughs] He—he wasn’t too energetic.[laughs] But he would come in and read the comic books, and Jane—they lived over off of the old race track road [Dog Track Road], at the horse track.He probably told you that’s what they built there, as well. Motta Yeah.Was knowing the founder and, I guess, owner at that time of Casselberry, was that like a—in this year, that seems kind of, like, strange, or maybe not strange, but—was it, did it seem like a big deal, or was he just like any normal citizen? Hattaway No. It was—to the normal person, it was probably a big deal.But because my father worked for him, and with him, I would go into my father’s office, and Mr. Casselberry’s office was right there.And he had a big picture window that he could look out into my father’s office, and then be able to look out into the grading there.They graded fern—longs, shorts, mediums, whatever you were looking for in the size of fern to ship.And, you know, he was just there all the time.He had a—I can remember so well—he had a big, big tarpon fish mounted in his office in back there.He would go to—my father, in fact, I’ve seen some pictures of him—he would go to the flower shows in Chicago or New York, where they might be, and Martha [Casselberry], his wife at that time—he married three times—Martha would wear, he would wear white riding pants—horses, cows? Motta Mm-hm. Hattaway And boots, real knee boots up there.With a big coat on.All in white.And a fern spray on this thing.Promoter. Motta Yeah. representing his… Hattaway Yeah.He was a promoter, as well.Promoted, and he had a knack about doing that, much better than the Vaughns and the Barnetts, as well.But, yeah, he was a good man.I can’t tell you that enough times. Motta So you started getting into the nursery, would it be considered nursery business or the greenhouse… Hattaway Greenhouses.Yeah. Motta How long were you involved with that before you looked more towards retail? Hattaway I started in the fern business when I got out of high school, 1954-55.I was in the fern business by 1960, with the fernery over in Chapman Avenue in Oviedo.And then started the first greenhouses and then grew that business.And I went out of the business in 1988, of the foliage business.So I graduated, basically, from the fern business over to the foliage, from the foliage into the foliage business itself.Ended up with this place, which is 500,000 square feet of what was greenhouses.But I built steel structure buildings, I told you.And today it’s now the steel structure buildings that are storing boats, cars, and recreational vehicles.1974-75, I bought a farm in Puerto Rico, and I started out with thirty, three thousand, building 3,000 square feet—300—yeah, 3,000, 30-feet wide and 100-feet long.And I bought a farm in Puerto Rico that was 80 hectares of greenhouses.And I was shipping fern or foliage plants from Puerto Rico, by sea freight, to Europe.So I moved from 33,000 square feet, to a farm here, and a farm in Puerto Rico.And I farmed in Puerto Rico, foliage plants, for twenty years, twenty-two years. Motta Did you sell that land, or still… Hattaway Yeah, I did.I sold it.I sold it.I wanted to go out of the nursery business.My brother, and then, by then graduated from University of Florida, had a degree in horticulture, and he wanted the nursery in Puerto Rico, so I sold the nursery to him in Puerto Rico.And he farmed in Puerto Rico for, I don’t know, another eight,-nine years.And we had three major hurricanes hitting back to back.First time we had insurance.We rebuilt.Second time, had insurance.Insurance company went belly up, and we rebuilt.And the third time, we said, “That’s it.”And we sold it.And then I was here all the time, and I just started converting all the buildings over to what you see today. Motta So about what time did you decide you wanted to get out of that business? Hattaway 1988. Motta Okay. Hattaway Yeah.I already had another vision, what you see today. Motta Works out for you. Hattaway Yeah, it worked out.Yes.Yeah.It really—what was my whole plan at that time, was—I had roughly 30 acres here—was to add on a trailer park in front of me, which today is a public shopping center.And I was trying to buy their property, and I wanted to build a big industrial park, 40-45-acre industrial park.And I couldn’t buy that trailer park, and made them some ridiculous offers.I’m glad they didn’t take it, ‘cause the market went to hell in a handbag.I ended up, you know, basically looking at what they were doing, and I said, “If they will pay $35.00 a month to park a boat outside in an open field, with grass and grasshoppers, what will they pay to put it inside the building?”And from there, you know, it grew from there.So, in 1988, I was in the foliage business.In 2012, I’m now in the storage business.And the place is doing fairly well. Motta That sounds like a pretty brilliant idea, just converting the fields to this.Do you know if any other growers have took that... Hattaway No, no.They can’t.They all built buildings that were not convertible.They couldn’t do what I did.In fact, I saw Earl Vaughn two weeks ago. Had a funeral up in Apopka, and went over and we were talking—and I know Earl.Great guy.I like Earl.I don’t know if you’ve met him or not. Motta No. Hattaway You need to meet him.You need to meet Earl Vaughn. Motta I would love to. Hattaway Vaughn Greenhouses.They’re in the book.He’s no longer in the foliage business, but he has a farm, a foliage place up on [Florida State Road] Highway 46 up in Sanford.And saw him, and I said something, and he said, “Hattaway, what you did is brilliant.”He said, “I’ve been trying to do the same thing, except I can’t get my zoning.I’m in the Wekiva [River] Protection Area.”And so, he can do nothing other than what he’s doing.So, you know, fortunately, when I started building the buildings, I then started working politically to change the zoning on this place.And so I did it back early.If I tried to do it today, I’d probably never get it done. Motta Are you still involved in local politics? Hattaway I just write checks.[laughs] Motta [laughs] Well… Hattaway No, I’m still involved.I have a lot of friends in the political scene.I help them.You know, I served eight years in the [Florida] Legislature.Loved it, and had fun with it.Eight years at Orlando International Airport.That’s a full-time, non-paid political job, and did that for eight years. Motta And what was your—for the airport, what was your… Hattaway I was the—actually, I was chairman for four years, and vice chairman for two years, and on the board for eight.And the governor appointed me.Lawton Chiles appointed me.And so, I served there, and when I went on the board, there was $10 million worth of construction going at the Orlando International Airport.When I left, eight years later—yeah, eight years later it was—it was $500 million worth of construction going.And they had another $500 million committed to build the south terminal, and the new board decided that they didn’t want to do that, and so the new board today is trying to figure out how they can get the money to build the south terminal for international rivals.And, you know, that was a group of Democrats—John Rich, Bill Miller, Howard McNelty, myself—four really strong Democrats.We got in and got aggressive, said, “This place is gonna grow.”And we went from 22 million passengers—eight years later, it was like 31 million passengers.That’s growth.And all we did, we went out and started marketing the Orlando International Airport, as a board, as a group of people, with the mayor of Orlando, Linda Hood, and the county chairman, Linda Chapin.And we were a hell of a team, and we moved around this country, all around this world, basically.And brought airlines in, British Airlines[sic], Southwest [Airlines], Virgin [Atlantic].Those were all new carriers that came in that eight-year period of time. Motta Were you involved in the [Orlando-] Sanford [International] Airport or the… Hattaway That was my first venture.Back when we did that one, Kay Shoemaker was the chairman, and John—what was the name—Steve, he was the executive director.I can’t think of his last name now.But he came to me, I was a new board member, and he said, “You know, we need to go after international passengers for the Sanford airport.”So we went to Kay Shoemaker and talked Kay into letting us fly, I think it was, Toronto, Canada.And the concept that Steve had—and I was just the baggage, went along with him—that we need to go to Holiday Travel, and talk to them about direct flights from Toronto to Sanford, and not from Toronto to Orlando.And we met with the Holiday Travel, they thought it was a good idea, and he was very much in favor of it, but the issue was that the travel time coming from the Sanford Airport to [Walt] Disney [World], you didn’t have the 414, I think it is, or 4… Motta Oh,[State Road] 408, [State Road] 417? Hattaway 417, yeah, coming across the lake.You didn’t have that segment built, and, so, that was a stopping point.When that segment was built, Holiday Travel and a lot of those guys started flying into Sanford, and bypassing Orlando.Well, in the meantime, I moved from the Sanford Airport board, over to the Orlando Airport.[laughs] So, it was quite a conflict there for a while.[laughs] And Larry Dale—and I don’t know if you know Larry—but Larry Dale and I had some real knockdowns and drag-outs about the airports.He’s the executive director of the Sanford Airport. Motta Oh, yeah? Hattaway Yeah.Yeah. Motta I’m curious how you, how did you even get involved with the airport, like the industry? Hattaway The governor. Motta Okay. Hattaway The governor.Yeah, I—when Lawton was elected—Lawton Chiles—I’d been in the Legislature.I knew him very well, and I worked with him for his election.And he was elected.He appointed me to the lottery commission.I didn’t believe in the lottery.I didn’t like the lottery.When it was approved, I was in the Legislature.I voted against it.And was opposed against it then, and Lawton told me, said, “I want you to be on that board.You’re the first Democrat to be appointed, and I want to get rid of the executive director.”I forget her name.She was really good, too.But he wanted to get rid of her and he wanted to change the entire board.He wanted to make changes.And so, I did that for a couple of years.And I was tired of it, and finally we just got enough Democrats on the board that I went to the governor, said, “I’m out of here.I don’t want to do this anymore.”In the meantime, when that happened, the [Greater Orlando] Aviation Authority thing came up available in Orlando, and I was supporting a Republican, Sue [inaudible] was her name, and Sue wanted to be appointed to the board.And I went to the governor to appoint her from Seminole County, and the governor says, “No, I’m not going to appoint a Republican.But I will appoint you if you want to take the job.”So I said, “Well, okay. I’ll do it.” Motta Did you have an interest in air travel? Hattaway Yeah, I did, because of Sanford.And I knew that it was a very, very important job.The Orlando International Airport is the economic engine that really runs this community today.And the things they’ve accomplished, and the size of the airport.This is number one around the state of Florida, certainly, that I enjoyed that.But I did, I was able to go into that segment having eight years in Tallahassee being a legislator, that I knew a little bit about politics, and I knew that a lot of my newfound friends that I found in Tallahassee, of eight years, when I was no longer elected, they didn’t know my first name or my last name.And when I was appointed to the Aviation Authority in Orlando, I told my wife, Charlotte, I said, “This is altogether different.We’re going to have a lot of brand new friends, and they’re going to love us for eight years.And when we’re gone, they won’t know our name.So we’re gonna do this different.We’re gonna do what the hell we want to do, and we’re gonna do the things that we think are right, and eight years from now, we’ll be good.”And that’s how we prefaced that.So it was fun.It was, like I said, it was a full-time—as a chairman—non-paid, political job.But would I do that again?Probably not.It was the right time.You know, I’ve been very fortunate that I’ve lived at the right time, when things were just starting to peak or things were really going smoothly, and everybody was getting along. Motta It seems like you’ve always been able to do what makes you happy. Hattaway I’ve been lucky.You’ll never sit across the table from a more blessed, lucky guy than me.Life has been good.With high school education, I’ve competed with all of them. Motta Work ethic.Whistling[?] away[?]. Hattaway It’s worked out, worked out fine.[laughs] So, and I laugh about. In fact, I’ve brought my report cards in today for some reason, and I looked at those report cards, looking through stuff, and I said, “Man, I was a straight-F student.”[laughs] So, but, it’s been fun.Life’s been good, been good. Motta I wanted to ask you, for the Sanford Airport, when did that start becoming—when was it under construction? Hattaway It was, you know, it was a naval base [Naval Air Station Sanford], and then they converted over into a commercial airport, and I don’t remember the years.But I was on that board—phew.It wasn’t in the—must have been in the late ‘70s when they started converting it over.Yeah, I can’t remember the dates on that one. Motta So, did—it might have been the fern industry—I mean, it might have been kind of already low at that time, but was there any kind of transition?‘Cause you said the railroads, in the early days, that was like the artery.Was there, like, did the airports start to be more of a central thing with transportation? Hattaway With ferns, no.No.With the fern business, it became trucks. Motta Okay. Hattaway Everybody moved from the—we did some air freight, not a lot.Most of it was done by—the whole industry changed from trains and rail over to the trucking industry.So there was a—trucking lines were moving strictly either foliage plants or ferns by truck itself to the destination.The fern business itself—the labor, cost of labor, the cost of materials, the cost of land—all those things just became cost-prohibited to be able to do anything with it.You asked a question earlier about, you know, do I miss it?I loved the plant business.I really enjoyed it, and still today would like to be in the business, except I know I can’t make any money at it.And I’m not gonna fool around with something I can’t make money at as well.But, you know, the guys in Apopka and the guys that been in the fern business, and growing something, you know, a plant or product, I think they all will tell you, you know, it’s just a great place to—it’s a fun thing to do.And it’s really rewarding to put a little plant on a stem into a piece of sphagnum moss, and grow it to a finished product, and ship it.If I had a nickel for every plant that I’ve grown, I’d be a very wealthy man.Rick [Hattaway] enjoyed it.My brother enjoyed it very much.And I kept telling him, “You don’t want to go into the greenhouse business.You want to stay out of it.”My mother told me that as well.But, you know, he followed the family trade and did that as well.But, it’s a good life.It’s a good opportunity. Motta That whole watching something grow, that seems almost kind of like a good metaphor for your, all your business [inaudible]. Hattaway [laughs ] Yeah.Yeah.I read an article today, an old one, gosh, about when I developed that orange grove over there, and it was—Phil [inaudible] was the city manager.It was quoting him about what I was doing over there, and how I environmentally was taking care of Lake Lotus, and all the things I did back then.But, you know, to see the growth, or where we were back in the ‘40s and ‘50s, and where we are today, people have opportunities.There were no opportunities when I was growing up.Either you worked in a fernery or you worked in an orange grove.There wasn’t high school education.People weren’t going to college. Motta You had to find your own… Hattaway You had to find your own, you had to make your own way at that particular point in time. Motta Since you brought that up, I’m curious what you think about how this area—I probably can’t imagine what it was like when you were a kid.What do you think?How do you think it’s progressed?Are you… Hattaway I’m for growth.I’m growth.Opportunities.I mean, I had a farm, sold it a couple years ago up in Alabama, little town called Opp, Alabama.And it was heavy agriculture, farming area.And today—Opp, Alabama—you can take a shotgun down the main street and not hit a soul.There’s just nothing to do there.And that’s the way it was here.The growth has been really, really, to me, healthy.It’s been giving good opportunities to people having good jobs.Our way of life—there are no poor people in this community today.You see some not as well off as others, but everybody either has a television, or everybody has food on the table.Everybody has an opportunity to make something of themselves, you see, if they want to take that opportunity.And back then, there was no opportunities.You had to make it yourself.And today there’s many doors open for employment, and it’s not all agriculture.At that time, it was.But am I in favor of growth?Absolutely.Has it been good for this community?Absolutely.Has it been good for this state?Absolutely. Motta Is there anything that you see in this community, that you don’t find good about—like, obviously, there’s a lot of good growth brings, but is there anything you lament that has changed, or any nostalgia? Hattaway I think the one problem that we have in our community is that we have not been able to keep up with the road—the growth with our road network—and mainly because of the lack of proper leadership from the Legislature.We’ve never had the political voting power to be able to build a road network they have on the south coast, South Florida—they have on the west coast.And our group has been splintered—Democrat, Republican— and many times have not worked together to have the power base in Tallahassee to get the state dollars to build—FDOT [Florida Department of Transportation]—to build our community.So we’ve not done a good job on our roads.And you have one major road going through this entire community, from Daytona Beach into Tampa, and that’s I-4.Other than that, you have very limited roads.If it wasn’t for the East-West Expressway [SR 408], the [Central Florida] Expressway Authority, we wouldn’t have any roads.So that’s been a blessing to us, but I think that’s our biggest problem.Our growth has been handled with zoning—comprehensive land plan—where the commercial’s going to be built, where the residential’s going to be built—all those things, I think, have been handled very well.We have a great water system, sewer system in Central Florida.We have all the things conducive to solid development, except the roads.And you get on these roads, and you know what it’s like. Motta Yeah. Hattaway Gridlock. Motta But I’m kind of surprised to hear that—weren’t a lot of the old, like ‘70s, ‘80s, ‘90s, Florida Republicans, weren’t they kind of pro-growth and infrastructure?Wouldn’t they… Hattaway Well, when I was in the Legislature back in the ‘70s, the [Florida] House [of Representatives] and the [Florida] Senate was controlled by the Democrats, and the Republicans were along for the ride.And then, when power shifted chains, we didn’t see a lot of growth coming here.I mean, we’ve had—I don’t want you to write this. Motta What’s that? Hattaway [laughs] I don’t want you to write this.This is off the record on this one.Yeah. Click to View (Movie, Podcast, or Website) <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/23288d20d38c0f7e671f6412e62d4b87.mp3" target="_blank">Oral History of Bob Hattaway</a> 7-Eleven Adult Toy Storage agriculture airports Altamonte Mall Altamonte Springs Apopka asparagus plumosus Barnett Bill Miller Bob Hattaway Bradshaw British Airways Casselberry Central Florida Expressway Authority Chapman Avenue Chapman Road Charlotte Hattaway Chicago, Illinois Christmas citrus Concord Avenue Continental Can Company Costa Rica Crescent City Daniel Motta Daytona Beach DeLand Democratic Party Democrats Dog Track Road Downtown Orlando Earl Vaughn East-West Expressway economic growth farming farms FDOT Fern Park ferneries fernery ferns Florida Department of Transportation Florida House of Representatives Florida Senate flower shops flowers Foley Greater Orlando Aviation Authority greenhouses Hattaway Hattaway Drive Hibbard Casselberry Holiday Travel Home Depot horticulture Howard McNelty infrastructure Jane Casselberry John Marcell John Rich Kay Kmart Lake Concord Lake Lotus Lake Orienta Larry Dale Lawton Chiles Lawton Mainor Chiles, Jr. leatherleaf fern Leonard Casselberry LHS Linda Chapin Linda Hook Lockhart Longwood Lyman High School Mahaffey Maitland Maitland Avenue Martha Casselberry moss mosses NAS Sanford Naval Air Station Sanford navel oranges New York nurseries nursery oak tree hammocks oak trees Opp, Alabama orange tees oranges Orienta Ferneries orlando Orlando International Airport Orlando-Sanford International Airport Pierson podocarpus price fixing Puerto Rico real estate Republican Parties Republicans Rick Hattaway Royal Ferneries Sanford saran shade cloth Seminole County Semoran Boulevard Shoemaker slat sheds Southwest Airlines sphagnum SR 408 SR 417 SR 436 SR 46 Tallahassee Tampa Toronto, Canada tropical plants UF University of Florida US 19-92 Ustler Valencia oranges Vaughn Greenhouses Virgin Atlantic Volusia County Walmart Walt Disney World weeding weeds Wekiva River Winter Garden Winter Park High School Wofford, Joe WPHS Zellwood zoning https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/1e3d6a8903fd876f397fb8e874e95303.mp3 fcc6d527a46d56948c35456b7a21f329 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/d3db22861b20e15022993b037d91af11.pdf 7fa2aef6d827b83921203af64caa1714 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Linda McKnight Batman Oral History Project Collection Alternative Title Linda McKnight Batman Collection Subject Ocala (Fla.) Orlando (Fla.) Oviedo (Fla.) Port Tampa (Fla.) Sanford (Fla.) Silver Springs (Fla.) Titusville (Fla.) Zellwood (Fla.) Description Collection of oral histories depicting the history of Seminole County, Florida. The project was funded by Linda McKnight Batman, a former teacher, historian, and Vice President of the State of Florida Commission on Ethics. Language eng Type Collection Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> External Reference Museum of Seminole County History, and University of Central Florida. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/744676869" target="_blank">Researcher's Guide to Seminole County Oral Histories: Linda McKnight Batman Oral History Project</a>. [Sanford, Fla.]: Museum of Seminole County History, 2010. Contributor <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> Coverage Seminole County, Florida Ocala, Florida Oviedo, Florida Port Tampa, Florida Sanford, Florida Silver Springs, Florida Titusville, Florida Zellwood, Florida Contributing Project Linda McKnight Batman Oral History Project Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer Morris, Joseph Interviewee Whittington, Charles Location <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a>, Sanford, Florida Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Oral History of Charles Whittington Alternative Title Oral History, Whittington Subject Sanford (Fla.) Celery Agriculture--Florida National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.) Army Air Force Description An oral history of Charles Whittington b. 1938), conducted by Joseph Morris on November 18, 2011. Whittington was born in Sanford, Florida, in March of 1938. In the interview, he discusses his childhood in Sanford and Charleston, celery and gladiola farming, his father's service in the U.S. Navy, his mother and sister, how Sanford has changed over time, his employment history, his world travel experiences, his activities after retirement, his work with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA),his wife and children, his service in the U.S. Army and in the U.S. Air Force, and the Apollo 8. Table Of Contents 0:00:00 Introduction 0:00:56 Growing up in Sanford and Charleston 0:04:33 Father’s gas station 0:05:13 Celery and gladiola farming 0:09:55 Working on a farm 0:14:07 Father’s service in the Navy 0:19:29 Parents and sister 0:23:04 How Sanford has changed over time 0:25:44 Employment history 0:29:05 World travel experiences 0:34:06 Retirement 0:37:15 Working with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 0:40:11 Wife and children 0:45:25 Serving in the Army and the Air Force 0:55:04 Apollo 8 0:57:01 Closing remarks Abstract Oral history interview of Charles Whittington. Interview conducted by Joseph Morris at the <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> in Sanford, Florida. Type Sound Source Original 58-minute and 16-second oral history: Whittington, Charles Interviewed. by Joseph Morris. November 18, 2011. Audio record available. <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a>, Sanford, Florida. Requires Multimedia software, such as <a href="http://www.apple.com/quicktime/download/" target="_blank"> QuickTime</a>. <a href="https://get.adobe.com/reader/" target="_blank">Adobe Acrobat Reader</a> Is Part Of <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a>, Sanford, Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/123" target="_blank">Linda McKnight Batman Oral History Project Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Coverage Sinclair Oil Corporation Gas Station, Sanford, Florida Charleston Naval Shipyard, Charleston, South Carolina Sanford, Florida Anchorage, Alaska Creator Morris, Joseph Whittington, Charles Contributor Vickers, Savannah Date Created 2011-11-18 Date Modified 2014-10-10 Date Copyrighted 2011-11-18 Format audio/mp3 application/pdf Extent 451 MB 197 KB Medium 58-minute and 16-second audio recording 22-page typed transcript Language eng Mediator History Teacher Civics/Government Teacher Economics Teacher Provenance Originally created by Joseph Morris and Charles Whittington, and trasncribed by Savannah Vickers. Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by the <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> External Reference Sanford Historical Society (Fla.). <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/53015288" target="_blank">Sanford</a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 2003. Mills, Jerry W., and F. Blair Reeves. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/11338196" target="_blank">A Chronology of the Development of the City of Sanford, Florida: With Major Emphasis on Early Growth</a>, 1975. Transcript Morris This is an interview with Charles Whittington. This interview is being conducted on the 18th of November, 2011, at the Museum of Seminole County History. The interviewer is Joseph Morris, representing the Linda McKnight Batman Oral History Project for the Historical Society of Central Florida. Sir, could you tell us about where and when you were born? Whittington Yes, I was born in Seminole County, in Sanford, at the old Fernald-Laughton Sanford Hospital, and that was in March of 1938. The building is still standing, and the last time I was by there, it was used as a—I believe it was a halfway house of sorts. I’m not really sure, and I’m not well-informed on that, but that was my understanding. But it is still there. It’s across from the old Sanford library. Morris Okay, sir, and can you describe the place where you grew up? Whittington Yes, my dad owned a Sinclair [Oil Corporation] gas station on the corner of [South] Park Avenue and [East] Second [Street], and we had a little home on Oak Avenue. When World War II broke out in 1942, my dad was offered a job as a machinist in the Navy shipyard<a title="">[1]</a> in Charleston, South Carolina. And we moved up there, and my dad worked in the division of the shipyard that later became the test bed for our first nuclear research into nuclear-powered ships. And it was highly classified and very structured, and he didn’t understand why at the time. and I didn’t either, until later, realized that no wonder was it top secret—I mean, because this was our first involvement in nuclear research for, you know, powering anything. And then, in the latter part of 1943, my dad had saved enough money to come back here and buy a farm. We bought a little 13-acre farm on Richmond Avenue, and moved down there. And my dad—it was sort of a lifelong dream for him—went into farming. And at that time, primarily we grew celery, and corn and cabbage, other crops that could be shipped up north. But the days of the small farmer in Seminole County, toward the end of that decade—the end of the ‘40s—was starting pretty rapidly to come to an end. The soil was worn out, and much of the farming had moved to the Everglades, to the area around Lake Okeechobee. And my dad hung on, and tried to make it, and he finally realized that we were going under, and this just wasn’t going to do it for us. And we sold the farm, and moved to Pasco County, down near Tampa, and he got back into the poultry industry there and did, you know, quite well. But I hated to leave. I loved Sanford. I loved being raised on a small farm, and it was a big disappointment for me to leave Sanford, especially in my sophomore year in high school. The two schools were just as, you know, much different as night and day—the high school here and the high school down there. The one down there wouldn’t come anywhere near the quality of what we had here in Sanford, and I missed that very much. And I come back to Seminole County as often as I can, and that’s why I’m here today, for this interview and also to meet with some former classmates. And I still feel like this is my hometown, but it’s also, if anyone asks me where I’m from it’s always Sanford, not Zephyrhills. Morris Okay, sir. And you said your dad, prior to World War II, he ran or owned a... Whittington A Sinclair gas station. Morris A gas station. What happened to that when he moved to South Carolina for the machinist job? Whittington Okay. He sold it to someone else, and the station now is the office of Edward Jones Investment Agency, and Bill Kirchhoff had that, and I believe he has been here and talked to you folks. And he and I are good friends. Matter of fact, I’ve got a tractor radiator cap for him. I’ve got to get to him after our interview. Morris Okay, sir. Whittington But his dad was involved in the overall agricultural structure of Seminole County during the time that we had the farm on Richmond Avenue. He raised gladiolas in Florida and also in New York, and I think he even had some farms on the West Coast, and he would, you know, follow seasons. And also there was a problem with a little microbe in the soil here called a “nematode” that was not present in the soil of New York, because, you know, the soil freezes up there in the winter and kills these things. And here it doesn’t freeze, and these little guys do pretty well, and they really wreak havoc on both celery plants and gladiola bulbs. Morris These were nematodes, you said? Whittington Nematodes. Right. It’s a little microbe, and they attack the roots of the young plants. Morris How did you counter those when you were farming? Whittington You would flood the area. You would dam in a little area of the farm that would be the area for the seed beds, where the young celery plants were growing, and flood it for about two and a half weeks. And just keep, you know, a couple inches of water on it, with the well running in there, you know, all the time, and keep the water in there for about two and a half weeks. And that would kill the nematodes in this area, and you would raise your young celery plants in seed beds in this area. And once the plants caught up to, you know, a height of like three or four inches, they could deal with these little bugs. But it was the little bitty plants that they would go after. Morris And when they were the little bitty plants, that’s when you flooded, or did you flood and then plant? Whittington No. You flooded, then planted. Morris Okay. Whittington You would flood, drain it, and form the seed beds, and plant those. And I’ve got pictures I’ll send you too. You had to put muslin covers over the seed beds, because when the plants first came up, they were very sensitive to sun. So you had to keep them covered during the hot part of the day, and in the afternoon you would open the side of the cover, along all the way, halfway through the field, and let air, fresh air and sunlight in, with the sun over here, and in the morning, you would open, you know, the back side, other side, west side, and get air and sunlight in there. But not direct sunlight, because they were very, very—a celery plant is a very tender little guy when it’s, you know, when it’s an inch high. Morris Okay. And the sun would just be too strong for it early on? Whittington If you just opened it up, they couldn’t handle it. Morris Did you have to do that when they, when the little celery grew up, or... Whittington No. Once the celery got to a height of maybe two or three inches, then you could take the cover off, and it was okay then. But it was just when they were first starting, first coming up, that they were so sensitive to the sun. Morris Okay. What other kinds of problems did you have while raising celery, other than the sunlight, and other than the microbes? Was there any other kind of difficulty that you found out about? Whittington Well, the main difficulty would be weather during the, you know, winter months, when you planted celery—typically wasn’t an issue. But the real issue was the market price of the celery when you harvested it. You know, if it was good, why, you did okay. And if it was bad, you know, it was just another bad year. Morris What affected these—what would change from year to year that would make it a good year or a bad year for selling celery? Whittington Well, just the market price in New York. That was where we shipped. We shipped from the Sanford [State] Farmers’ Market, usually to New York and that—you know, the New England area. And it was just the price of celery up there that, you know, was whether you made it that year or not. And we had too many of the had-not years. Morris Oh, really? Whittington Yeah. Morris Okay. And what was your involvement? Like how old were you when you moved to the farm? And what was your involvement while you lived there? Whittington Well, I was five years old when we moved there, and we started farming. We started farming with a pair of mules. [laughs] Now this is how far back it goes. We used mules for plowing and discing and so forth. And after this, we bought a Model F Fordson tractor. I’ve got a picture of this, and there are several online now. And my dad would let me drive it, but it was so hard to steer, until I was about 12 years old, I could not turn it around at the end of the row. It took that much power to turn the steering wheel. And also, I didn’t weigh enough to push the clutch in. The clutch was the lever that stuck out of the transfer case, and you had to press down on it, and I could stand on it, and it wouldn’t go anywhere. [laughs] So, obviously, I couldn’t operate the Fordson by myself. Morris Right. Whittington We later got rid of that and got a Model 8N Ford, and that’s the radiator cap for the one I have in my car, and it was, you know, had power steering and the hydraulic lift in the back, and so forth. And so, I did a lot of plowing, and discing, and running the tractor. That was, you know—10 years on, I did a lot of it. That was my part of helping. Morris No planting or harvesting necessarily? Whittington No. We—for harvesting the celery crops, we usually used crews of labor that we would hire locally. And they would plant the celery, and also cabbage or couple other plants that required—you know, physical planting—and then they would also do the harvesting and packing. And you contacted a crew leader, a team leader, and contracted with him to do the harvesting in your field. And we were just responsible really for, you know, making certain that the celery—if it was celery, or whatever the crop—was sprayed, in case there was any kind of a blight or a fungus, or some sort of an insect problem, that we sprayed it with the proper spray, and that we fertilized it, and also cultivated the rows to keep the weeds down, and it was a very labor-intensive occupation. And I was very upset with my dad, especially in the later years, because he could’ve stayed on forever. He already had his foot in the door in the nuclear—the government nuclear involvement in the Military, and he didn’t even know it. I mean, he knew he was under a very tight security environment, but he didn’t know why. But he was an excellent machinist. He was moved up shop chief in no time at all, making good money, but his dream was always to come back to Sanford and own a farm. And, I mean, it was quite obvious by the end of, you know, the ‘40s, that the farming here was in trouble. And, you know, in later years, I thought, “Why couldn’t you have just stayed in Charleston with the Navy?” And, you know, gotten a civil service retirement. And we wouldn’t have, you know, been in the situation that we found ourselves in here. Although, like I say, I do really love Sanford, and loved growing up here. Morris Okay. A little bit of a catch-22. Whittington Yeah. That’s a very good comparison there. Morris Now, you said you moved here—you moved to Sanford when you were five. Whittington Uh huh. Morris How long was your dad a machinist for the Navy? Because I know when he moved up to South Carolina, you must have been only a couple years old. Whittington Right. Well, I was born in ’38, and we moved up there in ’42. Morris Okay. Whittington And he worked for about 18 months, and put everything aside. And that was enough to buy that farm, and so we came back. And that—and plus he had sold the gas station by this time, and he had some income from that, and so he put it all in that farm and getting some equipment, and… Morris Mules. Whittington Yeah. Mules. He had mules, and then the Fordson and then the Model 8N Ford, which I’m trying to find—got a couple leads on it—but I’d like to learn how to get some pictures of it. Morris Okay. So I’m kind of surprised, because when you moved to Sanford, World War II was still going on. Whittington Right. Morris And they didn’t have a problem, coming from a very heavily secured area, and during World War II, an able-bodied man—I’m surprised they just—that he was able to leave his job and become a farmer. Whittington That’s an excellent point, and I would be surprised at it except that farming was a fairly high-priority occupation, as far as the government was concerned, because you were feeding, you know, you were feeding the population, and providing some foods that could be used in preparation of foods for the—you know, our military. So that was effective. We came back here, and we’re going into farming wasn’t a problem. And he had—my dad had served in World War I in France. Morris Oh, okay. Whittington And he was past the draft age. So that was something else too. I mean, he was too old for, you know, for required military service. Morris Okay. And what was the cap at this time for age? The age cap before you could no longer be drafted? Whittington Joe, I don’t remember exactly. I think somewhere in the 30s—like 35? Morris Oh, okay. Whittington I believe that was it. I’ll do some checking, get back to you on that. Morris All right. Thank you, sir. Whittington I believe that was in, you know, mid-30s. Morris I was a little surprised they’d let such an excellent machinist, you know, leave so easily. Whittington Well… Morris Unless they put up a fight trying to entice him and keep him to stay. But it just seemed, during World War II, to let him go to farming—I mean, maybe they didn’t have any say in the matter, as well. That’s just where my question was going. Whittington Right. And I really wish that, of the many things you want to go back and ask your parents, something I’d really like to talk to my dad about is why you left. I mean, was farming that important to you, that you would leave, you know, a high-tech, high-paying, secure job like that, and go back into something that, you know, almost going in it was a known gamble, because there was problems with weather, insects, and, you know, always the market fluctuations? Morris Did he like his career as a machinist? Whittington Yes. He did. I mean, he liked that very much, but it didn’t have the pull that, you know, being his own boss in farming did. Morris I guess maybe it could have been just his own culture growing up, attached significance to farming and independence. Whittington Right. Well, he was raised on a farm in North Carolina. Morris Oh, okay. Whittington So, you know, that was his—where his roots were. He wanted to get back into it down here. And, of course, you know, in the ‘30s, Sanford couldn’t produce enough celery. I mean, it was the celery capital of the world. Morris Right. Whittington And some of that aura sort of hung over for quite some time, that, you know— “Oh, get a farm and get celery growing. You’ll get rich.” Well, that didn’t always work out that way. Morris Shoot. Whittington But, anyway, that was… Morris How long did your family own the farm? Whittington We sold the farm in 1950, and he leased another farm, and we stayed on ‘til 1953, and at Christmas that year, my sophomore year in high school, we left and went to Zephyrhills. Morris So how long did you live, then, in Sanford, from the first farm up until that, 1953? Whittington Okay. I was born here, and we lived here until we left in 1942, and then—the early part of 1942—and then toward the latter part of 1943, we came back. So I was only gone, like 18 months. Morris Okay. Whittington And then we stayed here until 1953, and I was a sophomore in high school at that time. Morris Okay, sir. Then, I know we talked a little bit about your father. Could you tell me more about your parents and any kind of siblings? Whittington I had one sister that was 17 years older than I was, and she graduated from Florida State [University], which was Florida [State] College for Women back then, with a degree in education. And she went to Melbourne and got a teaching job there, and when World War II started, the City of Melbourne offered her the directorship of the USO that they’d built in Melbourne for the, mainly the sailors, because there’s a lot of Navy and Coast Guard. You know, all these war activities at that time in that area. And so, Melbourne built a USO and offered my sister a job to run that, and she took it and did that until the war ended. And my dad had a couple years of mechanical engineering at NC [North Carolina] State [University], and that’s why he did well at Charleston, because he had that—already had some college training in, you know, the math end of mechanical engineering. Well, it’s primarily math. But, the, you know, his roots in North Carolina—being raised on a small farm—just were too strong, and he wanted to go back to it. Plus, he just—he had the problem that a lot of folks have of not wanting to work for somebody else. That’s why he ran the gas station is because, you know, he was his own boss there, and, you know, he could hire somebody else to help him, but he didn’t report to anybody else. He was his own station, and he ran it the way he wanted to. Morris Okay. And what about your mother, sir? Whittington My mother helped my dad a lot. I mean, farming was sort of a family thing that you got into, because, I mean, there was just so much work to be done, that my mother frequently would help, not only, you know, taking care of running the home, but she would actually physically help with some of the labor on the farm itself. And I didn’t like that. It just seemed wrong that a woman should be, you know, having to make ends meet, to have to work, you know, on the farm. Even though it was not really heavy labor work. It was the fact that she still had to chip in and help us to make it. That bothered me. But she did, and never complained about it. But it was, you know—it was something that many families here did. The whole family was involved in farming. And I didn’t mind, you know, running the tractor at all. I liked it. I mean, that was [laughs]—especially the Ford that I could handle, not the big Ford, but the little one that was newer. Morris Well, sir, how has Sanford changed over the years, from… Whittington Sorry? Morris How has Sanford changed over the years? Whittington How’s it changed? Morris From when you grew up to how it is now, sir. Whittington Oh, okay. Well, the change that I noticed when I first came back was the decline of the downtown area, which is so typical of many small towns. The shopping moves out to shopping centers in the suburbs, and that has happened to me—that Downtown Sanford’s the perfect example of it. Because we had, downtown, we had a Firestone store and a JCPenney, and Lerner Clothing Store, and a McCrory’s Five and Dime [Store]—I can’t think of—two hardware stores, some regional area chain department stores, and two banks. And it was just, you know, it was a very functional little downtown area. And you could see that starting to go. You know, stores would close and be empty, and then somebody else would try something else in it. It wouldn’t make it. Now, it’s a lot of antique shops down there, and that’s about it. I mean, that’s that whole main street, is antique shops. And I didn’t like to see that. The old telephone company was over the JCPenney store. There was an old manual switchboard with operators on the second floor of the JCPenney building, and then there was the Thudson[?] Drugstore on one corner, and the Roman Anderson[?] Drugstore on the other. There were no Target or pharmacy or CVS, any of those. You know, there were none of the chain stores. The Eckerd chain was the first one down here—Eckerd and Walgreens. But, you know, during my growing up years, those two were places that you hung out, and you could get a hamburger and a malt, or, you know, whatever. And, also, there was a pharmacy there. And I hated to see those go, because that was, you know, that was just a very active part of Sanford. Morris Okay, sir. And where have you lived over the course of your life? Whittington Well, after I got discharged from the hospital following that jet accident in the Air Force, I immediately went right back to the Cape [Canaveral] and applied to NASA [National Aeronautics and Space Administration] and got on. This was during the Gemini program.<a title="">[2]</a> I got on at the flight simulator over at the Cape. And I worked the NASA contracts. I was at Houston[, Texas] twice. I was in Ecuador for one time, and then a tracking station in the Smokey Mountains, and was there through, well, after the end of the Skylab program. When that ended, and the shuttle program wasn’t yet, you know—we’d gone to the Moon and done that thing with the Apollo series, and the shuttles weren’t flying it, so there was a massive layoff. I got caught in that. And I got into the telecom industry, and followed that all over the country as a contractor. And I found that I could—of course, you weren’t building any pension or retirement—but I found that I could make more money than a company employee. I could make more money as a contractor if I was willing to move around. And you just had to discipline yourself, and put aside what otherwise would have been your retirement from the company. And I did that and did all right. And I liked to travel. But I ended up in an ISP [Internet service provider] Internet hosting outfit in Seattle[, Washington], and was doing that when I retired in 2001. You know, the travel and, you know, the change, the challenges of new jobs, and being able to go to a new area and move into the new company and a new job—that part of moving around was attractive to me. Morris What kind of places did you move, sir? For example? Whittington Okay. I was in San Francisco[, California], and was there during the earthquake, and was in Los Angeles[, California], and then in the Seattle area for about 10 years. and then, prior to that, I had moved around just for, like, a few months at a time, in various places all over the U.S.—Indianapolis[, Indiana] and Chicago, Illinois]—you know, for like maybe six weeks or two months at a time on just a contract job. And, it was interesting, but I was single then, and just pull up and move without any real concern. It was okay. Morris You said you liked to travel, sir. Have you ever traveled outside of the country? Or—vacation travel? Whittington Yes. Yes. I have. I’ve traveled to, well, the South America travel was mainly as a function of the Military and NASA time. But I’ve traveled to England, and done the Hawaiian Islands, was in Israel in Tel Aviv for five weeks for a company school. And that was an eye-opener. That really was. I mean, I got a good look at the Holy Land. It was [laughs]—it was a lot different than I expected. It really was. Morris How so, sir? Whittington Well, those people have got an unreal—I’m talking about the Israelis—have got an unreal work ethic. I mean, if they are asked to work 24 hours a day, and there’s a need for it, they’ll do it, and no griping. You don’t find that very much in the U.S. I mean, they are very, very much—uh, I can’t really express myself here—loyal to Israel, and to their faith, and to the country. I mean, just, you know, they’ve got a country, and they’re going to hang onto it now. And the [laughs], the guys around them had better not mess with them. I can say that from being there, and being in the technology. I know what they’ve got. And they can—the guys around them can end up a big smoking hole in the ground over there, if, you know, they push Israel too hard. Morris All right, sir. WhittingtonThey might hurt Israel too, but they’ll come out the losers. Morris And have you travelled anywhere else, sir, for work or vacation? You said South America. What countries in South America? Whittington Okay. I’ve been over a good bit of England, and I was in Alaska, and was in the Army up there. I liked that, but I’ve been back just as a tourist with my wife, and took my in-laws up there. And the Hawaiian Islands several times. I’ve not done China. I’d like to see China. I really would. And that’s kind of the feeling I got, because there was a contract. The Chinese were going to completely replace their aging landline system with a… Morris Towers? Whittington With a tower network. Morris Okay. Whittington Yeah. With towers, and cell phones. And several different companies had some pretty good contracts over there, if you’d go and stay for as long as you could take it. But, some of the places I heard about, you know, they were all right, and some were pretty Spartan—I mean, food and accommodations. And you having been there, you probably would validate some of that. I don’t know. Morris Some of it, sir. When was this going on? When were these contracts for landlines or... Whittington Okay. The contracts for China were, like, in the mid-‘90s. Morris Okay, sir. Whittington There was some openings there, and that kind of moved around. It would change a lot, and I never could get somebody to, you know, sit down with me and say, “Okay,” you know, “here’s what we can offer you, and here’s when you leave.” And I never was able to find it at that point. Perhaps it’s a good thing. But anyway, I’ve not been there. I’ve met a good friend my wife worked with in San Francisco and Seattle that is from Ethiopia—not Ethiopia. [sighs] Can’t say it. Starts with “E,” and it’s part of the Soviet Union. Oh, fiddle. Morris Is this in Africa or Asia? Whittington No, it’s in… Morris Oh, is it Estonia? Whittington Yeah. Estonia. [laughs] Morris Oh, okay. Whittington I couldn’t say it. And he’s gone back to Russia several times, and the pictures and so forth. And the stories I got from when I would talk to him afterwards, I don’t really have any desire to travel in Russia. And that’s not one of the things I want to do. I want to do Europe first, and really work it over really good, and Hong Kong and Japan. Those are ones that I really wanna [laughs]… Morris They’re both very nice. Sir, are you still working right now? Whittington No. I’m retired now. Morris Okay. How long have you been retired, sir? Whittington I retired in 2001. Morris Okay. And what have you been doing to, you know, kill your time since then, sir? Whittington Okay. I’m very much into researching my ancestry—into genealogy. I’ve got a solid trace back to, now, I don’t if you’ve ever heard of this, the story of Dick Woodington and his cat. Morris No, sir. Whittington But this was a guy who was Lord Mayor of London four different times. And anyway, he was a far-distant cousin, and I’ve gone 200 years past him, with a solid trace back, and that was a lot of fun. And I think I’ve got my own family tree built now. I’m working my wife’s, and just anybody else that pops up. I thought, “Well, let’s just see what,” you know, “theirs looks like.” That’s a lot of fun. I’ve been in ham radio for, since, well, it was 11 years old, and that technology keeps advancing. I mean, we were digital before digital phones were, you know, the thing. We were bouncing, you know, signals off the Moon, communicating that way. We’ve got a whole bunch of satellites up. Not our satellites, but we’ve got ham radio, we would piggyback on a lot of satellites that are up there. So you can send up with a little handheld and talk to somebody on the other side of the earth. And that, to me, is fascinating. So that’s been something that’s kept me really busy with my time—is ham radio. And my wife and I like to travel, and, you know, if we get a few days that we can see we can get away to do something, we get in the car and go. And that’s, you know—we had a great big map when we were in California, a huge, plasticized, ceiling-to-floor map of the whole state. And when I was there, I was able to take off, you know, and be gone for a week at a time, with no charge against any vacation time, because I was on-duty 7 by 24 out there. They didn’t require that much support, but I had to be there. So if I wanted to leave, they’d fly one of the managers out there to watch my equipment, because it was a little vacation for him to San Francisco, and we’d take off. And we went to little towns that we’d just find this map and say, “Let’s go there this weekend.” And we’d go to little towns in California that the average Californian had never heard of, and go spend the night, or sometimes not spend the night. Just go, come back. The travel was a big thing out there, especially in the mountains. Of course, California’s got a lot of them, and that was an interesting thing. Morris Okay, sir. Whittington I was involved in the Voyager aircraft project that flew around the world, non-refueled, nonstop. It was the bird [Burt] Rutan designed. Canard, weird-looking airplane. And I worked on that for about two and a half months, or two and a half years, as a volunteer on the staff for the world-record flight, and they wanted me for my NASA background, because I knew how to solder without putting a lot of weight in the airplane and solder. Because they proved that if you improperly—if the crews that built the big Saturn [inaudible] spacecraft that we used to go to the Moon—they used too much solder—you could end up with five tons of solder in the spacecraft, that it would never get off the pad. And, so there’s a very finite point in soldering where you can, you have just barely enough but not too much solder, and I had instructors for hand-soldering for, you know, air space flight hardware. And the Voyager crew wanted me for that reason, because I could keep the weight down. We put something in the plane in the wiring—in the way it’s hooked up. Morris And when’s this again, sir? Like, can you give me a time frame? Whittington This was from, like, ’84 through, the plane flew in ’87. It was those years. Morris Okay, sir. Whittington And they were up for just under 10 days, but they flew all the way around, you know, nonstop, from Edwards Air Force Base, back to Edwards Air Force Base, in California, nonstop and non-refueled. Morris Did you enjoy working for NASA and with NASA projects? Whittington Oh, yeah. Yeah. I was very much into that, and I also enjoyed the work when I was assigned to Patrick [Air Force Base] over at the Cape, because we were supporting the NASA effort, and we were right on the cutting-edge of everything there. And that was extremely, extremely fascinating and challenging. And it was the kind of a job you’d go into early, not to be on overtime—‘cause you couldn’t just go clock in arbitrarily—but just to be part of it. And I worked the midnight shift, and a lot of times I’d still be over there at noon just hanging around, watching stuff. You know, just to be part of it, and, you know, you’d realize, “Hey, I’ve got to go home and get some sleep.” And sometimes they’d run you out, when there were too many of us hanging around, but it was extremely fascinating. Morris And, sir, you mentioned your wife. How long have you been married, and who is she? Where did you meet her? Whittington Okay. My first wife I met here locally. She was from Plant City, and we were married 16 years, and got a divorce. I was divorced 12 years, and I met my second wife in Zephyrhills, and she was with a company in California that provided mortgage insurance—was part of this thing. It kept the housing bubble sort of going, because it allowed you to buy a home with mortgage insurance instead of a much larger down payment. And it was a good concept. There was nothing under-handed about it. But anyway, she had 20 years with them, and she was in charge of a team that would go to the various offices around the country and underwrite, you know, maybe 500 loans at one time. They’d be there a week, and as such, you know, they flew constantly, and we always had a whole stack of frequent flyer tickets on the dresser. And we flew to England, to Ecuador, to Hawaii, to Alaska twice, on frequent flyer passes [laughs]. And took her folks to Alaska. And she enjoyed her work and enjoyed the travel, and I enjoyed being able to grab those tickets and say, “Let’s go to jolly old England.” [laughs] Morris That must have been very convenient. Whittington It was. Morris And do you have any children, sir? Whittington Yes. I do. I have a daughter and two boys. And my daughter lives in Brooksville, and the boys are in the Atlanta[, Georgia] area. Morris What are their names and ages, sir? Whittington Okay. My daughter is 46 now, and the oldest boy is 44, and the youngest one is 37. So they’re getting up there. Morris Are they all from the first marriage? Whittington All from the first marriage. Right. Morris Okay, sir. And, okay. Are they doing anything similar to what you did? Whittington No. My daughter worked as a—she did hematology studies for Smith Klein Beacham in veterinary medicine. And I thought she was going to stay with it, because it was, you know, an excellent field, and she got out, and got into, of all things, running a business, and she’s got a fairly large one. But have you noticed on the freeways, you’ll see a large load being hauled on the freeway, and there’s a truck ahead of it with a flashing light? Morris Mm-hm. Whittington Called a pilot car? Morris Yes, sir. Whittington Well, she has a pilot car operation in Brooksville, and she’s the biggest company east of the Mississippi. And she covers the whole country, because she’s got contract drivers for her all over the country. That one driver can take the load from here to there, and then somebody else picks it up and goes on. And she even had a contract with NASA to escort those solid rocket boosters from the West Coast to the Cape. [laughs] And, you know, this was—she said, “Well, Dad will be proud of this.” And I was. And she asked—they would always—when they would ship these boosters back, they would send two engineers from the plant with them, because they were very critical insofar as temperature and pressures and so forth went, even though they were solid fuel. And one of the engineers told her one time, he said, “If you see smoke coming out of the casing for one of those boosters, run.” And she said, “Right, sir! But let me ask a question: which way?” [laughs] And I thought her sarcastic humor was a little bit funny, because, really, which way is it gonna go if it pops, you know? But, anyway, she does that. And the oldest boy, regrettably, had a stroke a couple years ago, and his, you know—he won’t be working anymore. And the young one works for a granite quarry in Atlanta—the north side of Atlanta—and is driving a truck, a dump truck. [laughs] So… Morris Very eclectic. Whittington Yeah. But he’s still—even in this economy, he’s still staying employed. So, you know, more power to him. [laughs] Morris Definitely, sir. Could you tell us a little about your military experience? Whittington Military experience. The first one—I was in the Army, and they sent me to Indianapolis for court reporter training, and I thought, “Wow,” you know, “A court reporter!” And after four months there, learning to transcribe, you know, court proceedings, they sent three of us to Alaska, and we got up there, and they had civil service court reporters and no need for us. So they assigned me to the Army dock in Downtown Anchorage[, Alaska], and it was one of those dream tours that you get one of in the service. There were seven of us assigned there. There was a captain, and two NCOs [non-commissioner officer], and the rest of us were enlisted. And during the summer months, when the port was open and—you know, real busy, you’d work sometimes 36 hours straight, and during the winter months, when it was froze up and closed, you’d pull secure watch for 24 hours and, you know, you were off 48. Well, it wasn’t missile science for us to get together and say, “Hey guys, let’s pull it for a week straight and take two weeks off.” [laughs] So I lived to ski though. I did. I loved skiing, and during winter months, you know, I’d work my week and then that was it. They wouldn’t see me again until two weeks’ time went by. Morris You would have to be awake for a week straight, sir? Whittington Oh, you wouldn’t have to be awake. You’d just have to be on-duty there. The place was closed up and frozen over really. And you just had to be there and answer the phone. That’s all. Morris Okay, sir. Whittington And also pull fire watch, and whatever. Morris No. I understand. Whittington But you didn’t do anything. There were only two TV stations in Anchorage at that time. [laughs] Morris Got a lot of reading done, sir? Whittington Yeah. You did a lot of reading. Morris Caught up on world events? Whittington [laughs] But anyway, I should have stayed in. I mean, I was—I made E[nlisted Rank]-4 after 18 months. and I had my private license at that time, and if you had any college at all—I had one year at Southern—Florida Southern [College]—you could apply for the warrant officer program, go to Fort Rucker, Alabama, and get helicopter training. And I always wanted a rotary wing rating. I mean, I wanted a chopper rating. But some little voice said, “Don’t do it.” Because if I had, I’d have been one of the first Huey pilots in [the] Vietnam [War]. Morris Yeah. Whittington One of the first, ‘cause this was in 1959, and I would have gotten through warrant officer school and flight training by about 1961, and Vietnam was just starting to stir about then. And a good friend from high school here was the first commissioned officer killed in Vietnam, Terry Cordell. First one killed over there. And I knew Terry. He was our football captain, and he was a senior, and I was a freshman. Just a real nice guy. But flying an observation plane, got shot down. That was the end of Terry. Morris And then you got out of the Army. What after that, sir? Whittington Went out of the Army in 1959, and enlisted in the Air Force in ’62, and was in there until July ’64, when I got the medical discharge. And I was actually [laughs] —I don’t even like to tell people about it, but in—when I saw the end of the NASA thing coming, the Army had a program at that time called “Stripes for Skills,” and they offered me an E-5 and choice of assignment, which I took Denver, Colorado—but based on my NASA background. They wanted somebody that had some satellite experience, and so the deal was that I go through a little three-week refresher basic, and then would be assigned to Denver, Colorado, as an E-5. And they enlisted my wife at the same time. This was my first wife. She had court reporter experience, and they would put her through the same program, and she would have to go through the full wide basic, but they would assign us to both to go to the same base, and as much as they could, you know, in the military, would keep us together. But at that time, I’d had a medical discharge, I had three kids, I was overage, I had all kind of disqualifiers. And a retired general and old-timer [inaudible] there where I was working for NASA, said, “Go to the Pentagon.” And, like a dummy, I climbed in the car, and we headed off to the Pentagon, and got there at eight o’clock in the morning, and got in with the crowd that, you know, was going into work, and I fell in with this bird colonel, and he said, “Where are you going?” And I said, “Well, I need to see the Army G2.” And he says, “Oh, yeah?” [laughs] He couldn’t believe this—me and my wife and three kids. I mean, it blew him away so badly, that he took us and signed us in, and he says, “Stay right here.” And finally, somebody from that office came down, and saw all of us kind of sitting there, and he said, “What do you want?” I said, “I want a waiver for the disqualifiers that are keeping me out of the Minuteman program.” And I talked to the guy for about an hour, and I’ve got the letter that waives my disqualifications to go back in the Army. [laughs] You know, this was after a medical discharge, three kids, and overage. But anyway, I went to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, went through this little basic training, which was kind of fun—learning the new weapons and new techniques and stuff. And then, everybody else left, and no assignment. Another guy and I were by ourselves in the outfit, and just the cadre people were still there, and finally, they came through and they said, “We hate to admit it, but the Army has enlisted about 10 people in that career field for every slot we have.” And he said—this was the [inaudible]—said, “We can’t offer you Denver, Colorado.” Or Fort—can’t think of the base there now—but he said, “We can offer you Fort Monmouth, New Jersey, and E-3, and no concurrent assignment with your wife.” And I said, “Or what else?” And he said, “Or a discharge.” And I said, “Let’s go with plan B.” [laughs] So, I mean, I had a very short second enlistment in the Army. Morris After all that trouble. Whittington After all that trouble, you know. Morris Shoot. Whittington But I didn’t really like the changes I’d seen in the Army either, at that time. I just don’t know. It just—there was a change in discipline, and attitudes, and stuff, that I would have had trouble with, because of coming from the Army of the late ‘50s to the Army of the mid-‘70s. And, I mean, there were guys, even in the training barracks, sitting in the dark smoking pot, and it was—I mean, I’m not that much against pot, but it was against Army regulations and against common sense. And to think like that, I was just this lad, and it didn’t work out, because I’m sure that would have gotten me in trouble, complaining about it—those kind of issues later on. So it’s just as well that I didn’t end up in that. Morris Okay, sir. And was that the end of your military experience then? Whittington That was the end of it. Morris Okay. Are there any historical events that come to mind, over the course of your entire life, sir? Like anything in your life that you felt like stands out or was, you know—that just changed your world, I guess I could say? Whittington Well, being on the biomed[ical] council at Houston for the flight of the Apollo 8, the slingshot flight around the Moon, that to me was, it was just sort of a highlight in my life, because I was part of something that it was a first for us, for the U.S., that we were going to the Moon, and I’ll be in a small part. I was part of it. And I was just so impressed with the guys in the spacecraft. I was watching all their, you know—their biomedical functions, and I had no medical training at all. I was there being able to feed the biomed data that was being stripped out of the calorimetry to anyone in mission control that needed it for any reason. All they did was call me and say, “Give me biomed.” And I could patch that data to them, and I had to keep the equipment that stripped it out of the calorimetry downstream, had to keep that up and running, and it was real fussy stuff, because it was built very hurriedly. But, I was watching all of their, you know, their vital signs, and Frank Borman—Colonel Frank Borman—the mission commander’s pulse at T-2 was 80, and mine was way over 100. I mean, I was wound up. We’re going to the Moon! And, here he’s up there, “Okay, let’s—gonna go?” You know. And I was—I thought, Wow. The ultimate test pilot. You know, the thing could blast into a million pieces. You know, he was ready to take a chance on it. Morris Okay, sir. That’s interesting. Whittington That was, that’s sort of a highlight, and the time in Israel was, that too was a definite attitude-adjuster for me because, you know, seeing the way those people live, the way they felt about their country, and their faith and everything, it just—and I felt that every American Jew, really—they can’t now, because of the mess over there—but I felt that back then, they should spend some time in the Holy Land and see, you know, where they came from, and get an experience with the people who still lived there. The attitudes over here are a lot more lax and whatever than they are in Israel. Morris Definitely, sir. Is there anything you’d like to discuss that we haven’t covered? Whittington That’s about it. It’s been a real pleasure discussing this with you. Morris Thank you, sir. It’s been a pleasure. Whittington And, you know, if you can send me a CD or something, I’d love to have it for the record. Morris I will definitely do that, sir. Whittington Okay. <div> <div> <a title="">[1]</a> Charleston Naval Shipyard. </div> <div> <a title="">[2]</a> Project Gemini. </div> </div> Click to View (Movie, Podcast, or Website) <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/1e3d6a8903fd876f397fb8e874e95303.mp3" target="_blank">Oral History of Charles Whittington</a> 2nd Street agriculture Apollo 8 Army Bill Kirchhoff celery Charles Whittington Charleston Naval Shipyard Charleston, South Carolina court reports Dick Woodington Downtown Sanford E-4 E-5 Enlisted Rank 4 Enlisted Rank 5 farmers farming farms Frank Borman gas stations genealogy gladiolas ham radios Historical Society of Central Florida Israel Israelis Jewish Americans Jews Joseph Morris laborers Linda McKnight Batman Oral History Project machinists Model 8N Ford Model F Fordson Museum of Seminole County History NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration nematodes New York nuclear power Oak Avenue Park Avenue Project Gemini Richmond Avenue Sanford Saturn Second Street Seminole County Sinclair Oil Corporation Skylab Stripes for Skills Tel Aviv, Israel Telecommunications Terry Cordell tractors U.S. Air Force U.S. Army U.S. Navy Voyager Program World War II WWII Zephyrhills https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/6c68b571824b887b9f2df7c457c02a47.pdf 090447092bd33c0cfb42a046a7fc67bf Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Belair Grove Collection Alternative Title Belair Collection Subject Lake Mary (Fla.) Sanford (Fla.) Citrus fruit industry--Florida Agriculture--Florida Sanford, Henry Shelton, 1823-1891 Description in 1870, Henry Shelton Sanford purchased 12,547.15 square acres of land known as the Sanford Grant. The acreage included an experiment station called Belair Grove, located just three miles southwest of the city named after Sanford. By 1889, Sanford extended his land purchase to 145 acres and contained mainly orange and lemon trees. In Belair alone, Sanford introduced over 140 varieties of citrus plants. All were tested to determine if Florida citrus growers could introduce new varieties into the growing citrus market. Sanford also grew exotic plants acquired from Central and South America, many of which survived the 1886 freeze. Sanford mainly used Belair as his own experiment station, but ultimately the findings and reports would be used by other citrus growers throughout Florida. Eventually, following Sanford's death in 1891, his wife, Gertrude Sanford, sold Belair to Sydney Octavius Chase and Joshua Coffin Chase. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/83" target="_blank">Henry Shelton Sanford Papers Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Belair Grove, Lake Mary, Florida Sanford, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Fedorka, Drew M. Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository General Henry S. Sanford Memorial Library, <a href="http://www.sanfordfl.gov/index.aspx?page=456" target="_blank">Sanford Museum</a> External Reference Fry, Joseph A. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/8475473" target="_blank">Henry S. Sanford: Diplomacy and Business in Nineteenth-Century America</a>. Reno, NV: University of Nevada Press, 1982. Molloy, Leo T. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1729498">Henry Shelton Sanford 1823-1891. A Biography</a>. Derby, CT: Valley Historical Research Committee, 2009. Sanford Historical Society, Inc. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/53015288">Sanford</a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing, 2003. Westgate, Philip J., and R. Bruce Ledin. "<a href="http://www.fshs.org/Proceedings/Password%20Protected/1953%20Vol.%2066/184-187%20(WESTGATE).pdf" target="_blank">Belair Groves, Sanford, Pioneer in Sub-Tropical Horticultural Introductions</a>." Florida State Horticultural Society 66 (1953): 184-187. Some Account of Belair, Also of the City of Sanford Florida, With a Brief Sketch of Their Founder. Sanford, Florida: 1889. Contributor <a href="http://www.sanfordfl.gov/index.aspx?page=456" target="_blank">Sanford Museum</a> Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title List of Recipients of Oranges from Belair Grove Alternative Title Belair Orange Recipients Subject Citrus--Florida Sanford (Fla.) Sanford, Henry Shelton, 1823-1891 Description An undated memorandum listing recipients of oranges sent from Belair Grove in Sanford, Florida. Recipients included the President Chester A. Arthur (1829-1886), ; William B. Allison (1829-1908), Republican Senator from Iowa; Senator Henry B. Anthony, Republican Senator from Rhode Island; Eugene Hale (1836-1918), Republican Senator from Maine; abolitionist Amos Adams Lawrence (1814-1886); U.S. Court of Claims Judge Bancroft Davis (1822-1907), who also was the president of the Newburgh and New York Railway Company; former Republican Governor of Connecticut Marshall Jewell (1825-1883); and Union General William Tecumseh Sherman (1820-1891). During that period, Henry Shelton Sanford (1823-1891), the owner of Belair Grove, actively courted President Arthur and high-ranking Republicans in the U.S Congress as part of his bid to win recognition in the country, and with it, international legitimacy, for King Leopold II (1835-1909) of Belgium's colonial enterprise in the Congo, what would become known as the Congo Free State. In 1883, acting on behalf of the King Leopold, Sanford mounted a lobbying campaign in Washington, D.C. Preceding these efforts, Sanford regularly corresponded with the President and influential legislators about the Belgian Congo. As part of his lobbying efforts, Sanford regularly sent boxes of Florida oranges to high-ranking officials. This list of recipients reflects the efforts of Sanford to sway public figures in positions of power. Type Text Source Original memorandum by James Edmundson Ingraham: box 52, folder 5, subfolder 52.5.3, Henry Shelton Sanford Papers, General Henry S. Sanford Memorial Library, <a href="http://www.sanfordfl.gov/index.aspx?page=456" target="_blank">Sanford Museum</a>, Sanford, Florida. Requires <a href="https://get.adobe.com/reader/" target="_blank">Adobe Acrobat Reader</a> Is Part Of Box 52, folder 5, Henry Shelton Sanford Papers, General Henry S. Sanford Memorial Library, <a href="http://www.sanfordfl.gov/index.aspx?page=456" target="_blank">Sanford Museum</a>, Sanford, Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/132" target="_blank">Belair Grove Collection</a>, Henry Shelton Sanford Papers Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original memorandum by James Edmundson Ingraham. Coverage Belair Grove, Lake Mary, Florida Washington, D.C. Creator Ingraham, James Edmundson Date Created ca. 1882 Format application/pdf Extent 509 KB Medium 4-page handwritten memorandum Language eng Mediator History Teacher Provenance Originally created by James Edmundson Ingraham. Donated to the <a href="http://www.chs.org/" target="_blank">Connecticut Historical Society</a> after 1901. Loaned to the <a href="http://www.tn.gov/tsla/" target="_blank">Tennessee State Library and Archives</a> for processing until June 1, 1960. Donated to the General Henry S. Sanford Memorial Library, <a href="http://www.sanfordfl.gov/index.aspx?page=456" target="_blank">Sanford Museum</a> in 1960. Rights Holder The displayed collection item is housed at the General Henry S. Sanford Memorial Library, <a href="http://www.sanfordfl.gov/index.aspx?page=456" target="_blank">Sanford Museum</a> in Sanford, Florida. Rights to this item belong to the said institution, and therefore inquiries about the item should be directed there. <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> has obtained permission from the <a href="http://www.sanfordfl.gov/index.aspx?page=456" target="_blank">Sanford Museum</a> to display this item for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Fedorka, Drew M. Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository <a href="http://www.sanfordfl.gov/index.aspx?page=456" target="_blank">Sanford Museum</a> External Reference Hochschild, Adam. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/39042794" target="_blank">King Leopoldís Ghost</a>. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1998. Amos Adams Lawrence Bancroft Davis Belair Grove Chester A. Arthur Chester Alan Arthur citrus Eugene Hale Henry B. Anthony Henry Bowen Anthony Henry Shelton Sanford James Edmundson Ingraham Jewell, Marshall John Chandler Bancroft Davis Marshall Marshall Jewell oranges Sanford William B. Allison William Boyd Allison William Tecumseh Sherman https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/64879bec5eb1746d39ae1b3a2f8bef43.jpg 8c1896735ee532b8488920fb4e5b5b41 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Belair Grove Collection Alternative Title Belair Collection Subject Lake Mary (Fla.) Sanford (Fla.) Citrus fruit industry--Florida Agriculture--Florida Sanford, Henry Shelton, 1823-1891 Description in 1870, Henry Shelton Sanford purchased 12,547.15 square acres of land known as the Sanford Grant. The acreage included an experiment station called Belair Grove, located just three miles southwest of the city named after Sanford. By 1889, Sanford extended his land purchase to 145 acres and contained mainly orange and lemon trees. In Belair alone, Sanford introduced over 140 varieties of citrus plants. All were tested to determine if Florida citrus growers could introduce new varieties into the growing citrus market. Sanford also grew exotic plants acquired from Central and South America, many of which survived the 1886 freeze. Sanford mainly used Belair as his own experiment station, but ultimately the findings and reports would be used by other citrus growers throughout Florida. Eventually, following Sanford's death in 1891, his wife, Gertrude Sanford, sold Belair to Sydney Octavius Chase and Joshua Coffin Chase. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/83" target="_blank">Henry Shelton Sanford Papers Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Belair Grove, Lake Mary, Florida Sanford, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Fedorka, Drew M. Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository General Henry S. Sanford Memorial Library, <a href="http://www.sanfordfl.gov/index.aspx?page=456" target="_blank">Sanford Museum</a> External Reference Fry, Joseph A. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/8475473" target="_blank">Henry S. Sanford: Diplomacy and Business in Nineteenth-Century America</a>. Reno, NV: University of Nevada Press, 1982. Molloy, Leo T. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1729498">Henry Shelton Sanford 1823-1891. A Biography</a>. Derby, CT: Valley Historical Research Committee, 2009. Sanford Historical Society, Inc. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/53015288">Sanford</a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing, 2003. Westgate, Philip J., and R. Bruce Ledin. "<a href="http://www.fshs.org/Proceedings/Password%20Protected/1953%20Vol.%2066/184-187%20(WESTGATE).pdf" target="_blank">Belair Groves, Sanford, Pioneer in Sub-Tropical Horticultural Introductions</a>." Florida State Horticultural Society 66 (1953): 184-187. Some Account of Belair, Also of the City of Sanford Florida, With a Brief Sketch of Their Founder. Sanford, Florida: 1889. Contributor <a href="http://www.sanfordfl.gov/index.aspx?page=456" target="_blank">Sanford Museum</a> Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title List of Recipients of Oranges from Belair Grove (January 18, 1883) Alternative Title Belair Orange Recipients Subject Citrus--Florida Sanford (Fla.) Sanford, Henry Shelton, 1823-1891 Description A memorandum listing recipients of oranges sent from Belair Grove in Sanford, Florida, dated January 18, 1883. The list denoted recipients of full boxes and half boxes of oranges. Recipients included J. S. Mack, Major W. D. Buckham, the wife of Lieutenant Aulick Palmer, J. H. Hammersley, H. O. Conner, and W. A. H. Wright. The boxes of oranges were presumably sent at the request of Henry Shelton Sanford (1823-1891), the owner of Belair Grove, though it is not clear how he knew the recipients. During that period, Henry Sanford, the owner of Belair Grove, actively courted President Arthur and high-ranking Republicans in the U.S Congress as part of his bid to win recognition in the country, and with it, international legitimacy, for King Leopold II (1835-1909) of Belgium's colonial enterprise in the Congo, what would become known as the Congo Free State. In 1883, acting on behalf of the King Leopold, Sanford mounted a lobbying campaign in Washington, D.C. Preceding these efforts, Sanford regularly corresponded with the President and influential legislators about the Belgian Congo. As part of his lobbying efforts, Sanford regularly sent boxes of Florida oranges to high-ranking officials. This list of recipients reflects the efforts of Sanford to sway public figures in positions of power. Type Text Source Original memorandum, January 18, 1883: box 52, folder 5, subfolder 52.5.2, Henry Shelton Sanford Papers, General Henry S. Sanford Memorial Library, <a href="http://www.sanfordfl.gov/index.aspx?page=456" target="_blank">Sanford Museum</a>, Sanford, Florida. Is Part Of Box 52, folder 5, Henry Shelton Sanford Papers, General Henry S. Sanford Memorial Library, <a href="http://www.sanfordfl.gov/index.aspx?page=456" target="_blank">Sanford Museum</a>, Sanford, Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/132" target="_blank">Belair Grove Collection</a>, Henry Shelton Sanford Papers Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original memorandum, January 18, 1883. Coverage Belair Grove, Lake Mary, Florida Washington, D.C. Date Created 1883-01-18 Format image/jpg Extent 88.1 KB Medium 1-page handwritten memorandum Language eng Mediator History Teacher Provenance Donated to the <a href="http://www.chs.org/" target="_blank">Connecticut Historical Society</a> after 1901. Loaned to the <a href="http://www.tn.gov/tsla/" target="_blank">Tennessee State Library and Archives</a> for processing until June 1, 1960. Donated to the General Henry S. Sanford Memorial Library, <a href="http://www.sanfordfl.gov/index.aspx?page=456" target="_blank">Sanford Museum</a> in 1960. Rights Holder The displayed collection item is housed at the General Henry S. Sanford Memorial Library, <a href="http://www.sanfordfl.gov/index.aspx?page=456" target="_blank">Sanford Museum</a> in Sanford, Florida. Rights to this item belong to the said institution, and therefore inquiries about the item should be directed there. <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> has obtained permission from the <a href="http://www.sanfordfl.gov/index.aspx?page=456" target="_blank">Sanford Museum</a> to display this item for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Fedorka, Drew M. Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository <a href="http://www.sanfordfl.gov/index.aspx?page=456" target="_blank">Sanford Museum</a> External Reference Hochschild, Adam. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/39042794" target="_blank">King Leopoldís Ghost</a>. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1998. Aulick Palmer Belair Grove citrus H. O. Conner Henry Shelton Sanford J. H. Hammersley J. S. Mack Sanford W. A. H. Wright W. D. Buckham https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/a7637a5c69116dc92d3ce612946b72c9.pdf 03badb31839e70fb14bdc1139e2bd58d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Belair Grove Collection Alternative Title Belair Collection Subject Lake Mary (Fla.) Sanford (Fla.) Citrus fruit industry--Florida Agriculture--Florida Sanford, Henry Shelton, 1823-1891 Description in 1870, Henry Shelton Sanford purchased 12,547.15 square acres of land known as the Sanford Grant. The acreage included an experiment station called Belair Grove, located just three miles southwest of the city named after Sanford. By 1889, Sanford extended his land purchase to 145 acres and contained mainly orange and lemon trees. In Belair alone, Sanford introduced over 140 varieties of citrus plants. All were tested to determine if Florida citrus growers could introduce new varieties into the growing citrus market. Sanford also grew exotic plants acquired from Central and South America, many of which survived the 1886 freeze. Sanford mainly used Belair as his own experiment station, but ultimately the findings and reports would be used by other citrus growers throughout Florida. Eventually, following Sanford's death in 1891, his wife, Gertrude Sanford, sold Belair to Sydney Octavius Chase and Joshua Coffin Chase. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/83" target="_blank">Henry Shelton Sanford Papers Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Belair Grove, Lake Mary, Florida Sanford, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Fedorka, Drew M. Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository General Henry S. Sanford Memorial Library, <a href="http://www.sanfordfl.gov/index.aspx?page=456" target="_blank">Sanford Museum</a> External Reference Fry, Joseph A. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/8475473" target="_blank">Henry S. Sanford: Diplomacy and Business in Nineteenth-Century America</a>. Reno, NV: University of Nevada Press, 1982. Molloy, Leo T. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1729498">Henry Shelton Sanford 1823-1891. A Biography</a>. Derby, CT: Valley Historical Research Committee, 2009. Sanford Historical Society, Inc. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/53015288">Sanford</a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing, 2003. Westgate, Philip J., and R. Bruce Ledin. "<a href="http://www.fshs.org/Proceedings/Password%20Protected/1953%20Vol.%2066/184-187%20(WESTGATE).pdf" target="_blank">Belair Groves, Sanford, Pioneer in Sub-Tropical Horticultural Introductions</a>." Florida State Horticultural Society 66 (1953): 184-187. Some Account of Belair, Also of the City of Sanford Florida, With a Brief Sketch of Their Founder. Sanford, Florida: 1889. Contributor <a href="http://www.sanfordfl.gov/index.aspx?page=456" target="_blank">Sanford Museum</a> Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title List of Recipients of Oranges from Belair Grove (December 24, 1882) Alternative Title Belair Orange Recipients Subject Citrus--Florida Sanford (Fla.) Sanford, Henry Shelton, 1823-1891 Description A memorandum listing recipients of oranges sent from Belair Grove in Sanford, Florida, dated December 24, 1882. The list denoted recipients of full boxes and half boxes of oranges. Notable recipients included Republican President Chester A. Arthur (1829-1886); William B. Allison (1829-1908), Republican Senator from Iowa; Senator Henry B. Anthony, Republican Senator from Rhode Island; Eugene Hale (1836-1918), Republican Senator from Maine; abolitionist Amos Adams Lawrence (1814-1886); U.S. Court of Claims Judge Bancroft Davis (1822-1907), who also was the president of the Newburgh and New York Railway Company; and Union General William Tecumseh Sherman (1820-1891). During that period, Henry Shelton Sanford (1823-1891), the owner of Belair Grove, actively courted President Arthur and high-ranking Republicans in the U.S Congress as part of his bid to win recognition in the country, and with it, international legitimacy, for King Leopold II (1835-1909) of Belgium's colonial enterprise in the Congo, what would become known as the Congo Free State. In 1883, acting on behalf of the King Leopold, Sanford mounted a lobbying campaign in Washington, D.C. Preceding these efforts, Sanford regularly corresponded with the President and influential legislators about the Belgian Congo. As part of his lobbying efforts, Sanford regularly sent boxes of Florida oranges to high-ranking officials. This list of recipients reflects the efforts of Sanford to sway public figures in positions of power. Type Text Source Original memorandum by James Edmundson Ingraham, December 24, 1882: box 52, folder 5, subfolder 52.5.1, Henry Shelton Sanford Papers, General Henry S. Sanford Memorial Library, <a href="http://www.sanfordfl.gov/index.aspx?page=456" target="_blank">Sanford Museum</a>, Sanford, Florida. Requires <a href="https://get.adobe.com/reader/" target="_blank">Adobe Acrobat Reader</a> Is Part Of Box 52, folder 5, Henry Shelton Sanford Papers, General Henry S. Sanford Memorial Library, <a href="http://www.sanfordfl.gov/index.aspx?page=456" target="_blank">Sanford Museum</a>, Sanford, Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/132" target="_blank">Belair Grove Collection</a>, Henry Shelton Sanford Papers Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original memorandum by James Edmundson Ingraham, December 24, 1882. Coverage Belair Grove, Lake Mary, Florida Washington, D.C. Creator Ingraham, James Edmundson Date Created 1882-12-24 Format application/pdf Extent 555 KB Medium 2-page handwritten memorandum Language eng Mediator History Teacher Provenance Originally created by James Edmundson Ingraham. Donated to the <a href="http://www.chs.org/" target="_blank">Connecticut Historical Society</a> after 1901. Loaned to the <a href="http://www.tn.gov/tsla/" target="_blank">Tennessee State Library and Archives</a> for processing until June 1, 1960. Donated to the General Henry S. Sanford Memorial Library, <a href="http://www.sanfordfl.gov/index.aspx?page=456" target="_blank">Sanford Museum</a> in 1960. Rights Holder The displayed collection item is housed at the General Henry S. Sanford Memorial Library, <a href="http://www.sanfordfl.gov/index.aspx?page=456" target="_blank">Sanford Museum</a> in Sanford, Florida. Rights to this item belong to the said institution, and therefore inquiries about the item should be directed there. <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> has obtained permission from the <a href="http://www.sanfordfl.gov/index.aspx?page=456" target="_blank">Sanford Museum</a> to display this item for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Fedorka, Drew M. Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository <a href="http://www.sanfordfl.gov/index.aspx?page=456" target="_blank">Sanford Museum</a> External Reference Hochschild, Adam. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/39042794" target="_blank">King Leopoldís Ghost</a>. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1998. Amos Adams Lawrence Bancroft Davis Belair Grove Chester A. Arthur Chester Alan Arthur citrus Congress Eugene Hale Henry B. Anthony Henry Bowen Anthony Henry Shelton Sanford James Edmundson Ingraham John Chandler Bancroft Davis oranges Sanford William B. Allison William Boyd Allison William Tecumseh Sherman Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Daytona State College Collection Alternative Title DSC Collection Subject New Smyrna Beach (Fla.) Daytona State College (Fla.) Contributor <a href="http://www.daytonastate.edu/CampusDirectory/DeptInfo.aspx?dept=BHS" target="_blank">Daytona State College, New Smyrna Beach-Edgewater Campus, School of Behavioral and Cultural Sciences</a> Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/75" target="_blank">Volusia County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/84" target="_blank">New Smyrna Beach Collection</a>, Volusia County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Contributing Project History Skill Building Project 2013, <a href="http://www.daytonastate.edu/CampusDirectory/DeptInfo.aspx?dept=BHS" target="_blank">School for Behavior and Social Sciences</a>, Daytona State College Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository <a href="http://www.daytonastate.edu/CampusDirectory/DeptInfo.aspx?dept=BHS" target="_blank">Daytona State College, New Smyrna Beach-Edgewater Campus, School of Behavioral and Cultural Sciences</a> External Reference "<a href="http://www.daytonastate.edu/catalog/facts/history.html" target="_blank">History of Daytona State College</a>." Daytona State College. http://www.daytonastate.edu/catalog/facts/history.html. Sweett, Lawrence J. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/77551284" target="_blank">New Smyrna Beach</a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Pub, 2006. "<a href="http://www.cityofnsb.com/index.aspx?nid=198" target="_blank">History</a>." City of New Smyrna Beach, Florida. http://www.cityofnsb.com/index.aspx?nid=198. Cumiskey, Kate. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/491915106" target="_blank">Surfing in New Smyrna Beach</a>. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Publishing, 2010. Coverage Daytona State College-New Smyrna Beach-Edgewater, New Smyrna Beach, Florida New Smyrna Beach, Florida Description Collection of digital images, documents, and other records contributed by the New Smyrna Beach-Edgewater campus of Daytona State College. Items in the collection focus on the history of New Smyrna Beach, Florida. In 1758, the first European settlers arrived in present-day New Smyrna Beach and Dr. Andrew Turnbull established the colony of New Smyrna. Most of the colony's settlers were from Greece, Italy, and Minorca, Spain. Turnbull planned for the town to produce hemp, sugarcane, indigo, and rum, but the colony quickly collapsed due to insect-born diseases and raids by nearby Native American tribes. Most of the survivors resettled in St. Augustine. In 1887, New Smyrna was incorporated. In 1892, Henry Morrison Flagler expanded his Florida East Coast Railway to the area, sparking growth in the city. During the Prohibition of the 1920s, New Smyrna served as a site for moonshine stills and hideouts for rum-runners. In 1947, the city was renamed New Smyrna Beach when it annexed Coronado Beach. Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer McCormick, Zachary Interviewee Yeaton, Diane Location <a href="http://www.daytonastate.edu/" target="_blank">Daytona State College</a>, New Smyrna Beach-Edgewater Campus in New Smyrna Beach, Florida Bit Rate/Frequency 138kbps Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Oral History of Diane Yeaton Alternative Title Oral History, Yeaton Subject New Smyrna Beach (Fla.) Restoration ecology--Florida Description An oral history with Diane Yeaton, President of the Board of Trustees of the Marine Discovery Center, located at 520 Barracuda Boulevard in New Smyrna Beach, Florida. Yeaton migrated to New Smyrna Beach from Rhode Island in 2002. The Marine Discovery Center, Inc. (MDC) was founded in 1998 for the purpose of protecting the Indian River Lagoon. Founders include New Smyrna Beach Mayor, James Vandergrifft, as well as various civic leaders, biologists, and other members of the community. Table Of Contents 00:00 Opening credits 00:17 Introduction 00:32 Memories of Central Florida 01:15 Involvement at the Marine Discovery Center 01:51 Education at MDC 02:18 Restoration of the Indian River Lagoon 02:45 Yeaton's role at the MDC 03:20 Fundraising and grants 04:12 Environmental group partnerships 04:56 Marine wildlife rescue 05:57 How students can get involved 06:38 Favorite marine animals 07:07 Benefits of being a MDC employee 07:47 MDC's plans for 2014 08:25 Purpose of oyster bed restoration 09:57 Experience in education 10:32 Relationship with the Marine Science Center 11:04 How to help an injured animal Abstract Oral history interview of Diane Yeaton. Interview conducted by Zachary McCormick at <a href="http://www.daytonastate.edu/" target="_blank">Daytona State College</a>, New Smyrna Beach-Edgewater Campus in New Smyrna Beach, Florida. Type Moving Image Source Original 12-minute and 12-second oral history: Yeaton, Diane. Interview by Zachary McCormick. <a href="http://www.daytonastate.edu/" target="_blank">Daytona State College</a>, New Smyrna Beach-Edgewater Campus. October 29, 2013. Audio/video record available. Requires <a href="http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer/" target="_blank">Adobe Flash Player</a> <a href="http://java.com/en/download/index.jsp" target="_blank">Java</a> Is Part Of <a href="http://www.daytonastate.edu/" target="_blank">Daytona State College</a> History Skill Building Project 2013. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/85" target="_blank">Daytona State College Collection</a>, New Smyrna Beach Collection, Volusia County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Coverage Marine Discovery Center, New Smyrna Beach, Florida Marine Science Center, Ponce Inlet, Florida Mosquito Lagoon, Florida Indian River Lagoon, Florida Creator McCormick, Zachary Yeaton, Diane Publisher <a href="http://www.daytonastate.edu/" target="_blank">Daytona State College </a> Contributor Grigas, Carol S. Ritten, Cody Haley, Shannon Grooms, John Robert, Jr. Jones, Ian Botta, Karen Date Created 2013-10-29 Format video/mp4 Extent 66.3 MB Medium 12-minute and 12-second audio/video recording Language eng Mediator History Teacher Science Teacher Provenance Originally created and published by the Daytona State College <a href="http://www.daytonastate.edu/CampusDirectory/DeptInfo.aspx?dept=BHS" target="_blank">School for Behavior and Social Sciences</a>. Rights Holder Copyright to the resource is held by <a href="http://www.daytonastate.edu/" target="_blank">Daytona State College</a> and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Contributing Project History Skill Building Project 2013, <a href="http://www.daytonastate.edu/CampusDirectory/DeptInfo.aspx?dept=BHS" target="_blank">School for Behavior and Social Sciences</a>, Daytona State College Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository <a href="https://www.daytonastate.edu/maps/nsbmap.html" target="_blank">Daytona State College New Smyrna-Edgewater Campus</a> External Reference "<a href="http://www.marinediscoverycenter.org/about-us/" target="_blank">ABOUT MARINE DISCOVERY CENTER</a>." Marine Discovery Center. http://www.marinediscoverycenter.org/about-us/. Sweett, Lawrence J. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/77551284" target="_blank">New Smyrna Beach</a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Pub, 2006. Click to View (Movie, Podcast, or Website) <a href="http://youtu.be/AoRy8RNzcyk" target="_blank">Oral History of Diane Yeaton</a> animals bird rescues birds Board of Trustees Carol S. Grigas clams Cody Ritten conservation Daytona State College Diane Yeaton dolphins DSC education Florida Wildlife Commission fundraising grants History Skill Building Project horseshoe crab monitoring horseshoe crabs Hubbs-Sea World Research Institute Ian Jones Indian River Lagoon internships John Robert Grooms, Jr. Karen Botta lagoons Manatees mangrove restoration mangroves marine biology Marine Discovery Center marine life Marine Science Center MDC Mosquito Lagoon Mosquito Lagoon Enhancement Center New Smyrna Beach oyster beds oyster recycling oyster restoration oysters pelicans Ponce Inlet Port Orange restoration restoration ecology Rhode Island Rose Bay salt marsh salt marshes School of Behavioral and Social Sciences seagrass seagrass monitoring seagrasses Shannon Haley Southeast Aquatic Resource Partnership St. Johns River Management volunteers Volusia County Eco Rangers Volusia County Environmental Management Volusia County Mammal Stranding Team water quality water taxis Yeaton, Diane Zachary McCormick Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Daytona State College Collection Alternative Title DSC Collection Subject New Smyrna Beach (Fla.) Daytona State College (Fla.) Contributor <a href="http://www.daytonastate.edu/CampusDirectory/DeptInfo.aspx?dept=BHS" target="_blank">Daytona State College, New Smyrna Beach-Edgewater Campus, School of Behavioral and Cultural Sciences</a> Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/75" target="_blank">Volusia County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/84" target="_blank">New Smyrna Beach Collection</a>, Volusia County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Contributing Project History Skill Building Project 2013, <a href="http://www.daytonastate.edu/CampusDirectory/DeptInfo.aspx?dept=BHS" target="_blank">School for Behavior and Social Sciences</a>, Daytona State College Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository <a href="http://www.daytonastate.edu/CampusDirectory/DeptInfo.aspx?dept=BHS" target="_blank">Daytona State College, New Smyrna Beach-Edgewater Campus, School of Behavioral and Cultural Sciences</a> External Reference "<a href="http://www.daytonastate.edu/catalog/facts/history.html" target="_blank">History of Daytona State College</a>." Daytona State College. http://www.daytonastate.edu/catalog/facts/history.html. Sweett, Lawrence J. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/77551284" target="_blank">New Smyrna Beach</a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Pub, 2006. "<a href="http://www.cityofnsb.com/index.aspx?nid=198" target="_blank">History</a>." City of New Smyrna Beach, Florida. http://www.cityofnsb.com/index.aspx?nid=198. Cumiskey, Kate. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/491915106" target="_blank">Surfing in New Smyrna Beach</a>. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Publishing, 2010. Coverage Daytona State College-New Smyrna Beach-Edgewater, New Smyrna Beach, Florida New Smyrna Beach, Florida Description Collection of digital images, documents, and other records contributed by the New Smyrna Beach-Edgewater campus of Daytona State College. Items in the collection focus on the history of New Smyrna Beach, Florida. In 1758, the first European settlers arrived in present-day New Smyrna Beach and Dr. Andrew Turnbull established the colony of New Smyrna. Most of the colony's settlers were from Greece, Italy, and Minorca, Spain. Turnbull planned for the town to produce hemp, sugarcane, indigo, and rum, but the colony quickly collapsed due to insect-born diseases and raids by nearby Native American tribes. Most of the survivors resettled in St. Augustine. In 1887, New Smyrna was incorporated. In 1892, Henry Morrison Flagler expanded his Florida East Coast Railway to the area, sparking growth in the city. During the Prohibition of the 1920s, New Smyrna served as a site for moonshine stills and hideouts for rum-runners. In 1947, the city was renamed New Smyrna Beach when it annexed Coronado Beach. Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer Botta, Karen Jones, Ian Haley, Shannon McCormick, Zachary Broadway, Brenna Grooms, John Robert, Jr. Interviewee Mackay, Sally Location <a href="http://www.daytonastate.edu/" target="_blank">Daytona State College</a>, New Smyrna Beach-Edgewater Campus in New Smyrna Beach, Florida Bit Rate/Frequency 136kbps Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Oral History of Sally Mackay Alternative Title Oral History, Mackay Subject New Smyrna Beach (Fla.) Mayors--United States Art--Florida Description An oral history with Sally Mackay, former mayor of New Smyrna Beach, Florida, and founder of the Hub on Canal, located at 132 Canal Street. Mackay migrated to Central Florida from Great Britain in 1973. In November of 2007, she was elected Mayor of New Smyrna Beach. She also served on the Volusia Council of Governments Executive Board, the Volusia League of Cities, and Florida League of Cities. Table Of Contents 00:00 Opening credits 00:15 Introduction 00:38 Memories of Central Florida 01:17 Migrating to the United States 03:44 Childhood household and expectations for success 05:38 Identity as a Brit and as an American 06:25 Ambitions as a youth 06:45 Anecdote about grandmother 08:20 Inspiration to join political life 09:25 Campaign for mayor 13:20 Founding The Hub on Central 17:00 Difficulties in being mayor and in opening an art studio 17:56 Feelings from opening her art studio 19:44 Experiences as mayor 20:47 Comparing immigration between now and then 21:42 Challenges of the immigration process 23:00 How life has changed 24:35 Mackay's personal message 25:17 Satisfaction with life and roles 27:45 Mackay's children 31:20 How society has changed during her lifetime 33:17 Conditions for the elderly 37:23 The Hub 38:06 How students can get involved with The Hub 42:52 Canal Street 43:06 General comments Abstract Oral history interview of Sally Mackay. Interview conducted by Karen Botta, Ian Jones, Shannon Haley, Zachary McCormick, Brenna Broadway, and John Robert Grooms, Jr. at Daytona State College, New Smyrna Beach-Edgewater Campus in New Smyrna Beach, Florida. Type Moving Image Source Original 49-minute and 18-second oral history: Mackay, Sally. Interview by Karen Botta, Ian Jones, Shannon Haley, Zachary McCormick, Brenna Broadway, and John Robert Grooms, Jr. <a href="http://www.daytonastate.edu/" target="_blank">Daytona State College</a>, New Smyrna Beach-Edgewater Campus. November 12, 2013. Audio/video record available. Requires <a href="http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer/" target="_blank">Adobe Flash Player</a> <a href="http://java.com/en/download/index.jsp" target="_blank">Java</a> Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/85" target="_blank">Daytona State College Collection</a>, New Smyrna Beach Collection, Volusia County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Coverage Surrey, England Croydon High School, London, England, United Kingdom The Hub on Canal, New Smyrna Beach, Florida Creator Botta, Karen Jones, Ian Haley, Shannon McCormick, Zachary Broadway, Brenna Grooms, John Robert, Jr. Mackay, Sally Publisher <a href="http://www.daytonastate.edu/" target="_blank">Daytona State College </a> Contributor Grigas, Carol S. Date Created 2013-11-12 Date Modified 2014-12-10 Format video/mp4 Extent 288 MB Medium 49-minute and 18-second audio/video recording Language eng Mediator History Teacher Civics/Government Teacher Economics Teacher Provenance Originally created and published by the Daytona State College <a href="http://www.daytonastate.edu/CampusDirectory/DeptInfo.aspx?dept=BHS" target="_blank">School for Behavior and Social Sciences</a>. Rights Holder Copyright to the resource is held by <a href="http://www.daytonastate.edu/" target="_blank">Daytona State College</a> and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Contributing Project History Skill Building Project 2013, <a href="http://www.daytonastate.edu/CampusDirectory/DeptInfo.aspx?dept=BHS" target="_blank">School for Behavior and Social Sciences</a>, Daytona State College Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository <a href="https://www.daytonastate.edu/maps/nsbmap.html" target="_blank">Daytona State College New Smyrna-Edgewater Campus</a> External Reference Sweett, Lawrence J. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/77551284" target="_blank">New Smyrna Beach</a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Pub, 2006. "<a href="http://thehuboncanal.org/history/" target="_blank">About</a>." The Hub on Central. http://thehuboncanal.org/history/. "<a href="http://www.cityofnsb.com/DocumentCenter/Home/View/407" target="_blank">Mayor Sally Mackay</a>." City of New Smyrna Beach. http://www.cityofnsb.com/DocumentCenter/Home/View/407. Click to View (Movie, Podcast, or Website) <a href="http://youtu.be/c7Y1WHJjaCY" target="_blank">Oral History of Sally Mackay</a> ACA Affordable Care Act art studios Bath, England Bones Mackay Brenna Broadway British Parliament Buckingham Palace Carol S. Grigas Central Florida classical guitars Croydon High School Daytona State College Democrats Doug Peterson DSC educators elderly Eli Young Band Exeter College Flagler County Florida Georgia Line Florida League of Cities healthcare History Skill Building Project Ian Jones immigrants immigration Jim Mackay John Hopkins University John Robert Grooms, Jr. Karen Botta Lesley Mackay Lesley Mackay Heiser Los Angeles, California Magnolia Street Margaret Hilda Roberts Margaret Hilda Thatcher Margaret Thatcher Mayor of New Smyrna Beach mayors McCormick, Zachary Mickelson, Phil New Smyrna Beach Ormond Beach Phoenix, Arizona planning boards politicians Portland, Maine Richard Spangler Roger Levinson Sally Mackay Sally Mackay Spangler Sally Spangler School of Behavioral and Social Sciences SCORE senior citizens Shannon Haley Surrey, England teachers The Hub on Canal The Hunger Games The Voice Thomas Mackay ukuleles VGMC Volusia Council of Governments Executive Board Volusia County Volusia County Growth Management Commission Volusia League of Cities Zachary McCormick https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/be2a921939a6fc10f5709a6c62cf1322.mp3 0a44b29d11ce0eaf6d1a55db0bf28268 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/edb34fabc03ff5a313f705e7a4da9d03.pdf acef6c4a8c12c1e61939a776ad0a7ad4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Seminole County Collection Alternative Title Seminole County Collection Subject Seminole County (Fla.) Altamonte Springs (Fla.) Casselberry (Fla.) Goldenrod (Fla.) Heathrow (Fla.) Lake Mary (Fla.) Longwood (Fla.) Oviedo (Fla.) Sanford (Fla.) Winter Springs (Fla.) Description Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of Seminole County, Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around. Mosquito County, a massive county south of St. Johns County that consisted of much of Central Florida was established in 1824. In 1845, Mosquito County was renamed Orange County when Florida earned statehood. This new county included present-day Osceola County, Seminole County, Lake County, and Volusia County. Orange County was named so for the area's major fruit crop: oranges. The area was devastated by a freeze during the winter of 1895-1896, which allowed for subsequent land speculators to initiate a land boom in Florida, with Orlando becoming a "boom town." Seminole County separated from Orange on April 25, 1913, and was named for the Seminole tribes that originally inhabited the area. In the early-1900s, Seminole County was known for its agricultural development and close proximity to shipping lanes. By the 1920s, citizens in Seminole County, particularly in Sanford, soon shifted their interests in making the area a tourist destination. Language eng Type Collection Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Contributor <a href="http://www.cfmemory.org/" target="_blank">Central Florida Memory</a> Cepero, Laura Lynn Cepero, Nancy Lynn <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> <a href="http://www.sanfordfl.gov/index.aspx?page=456" target="_blank">Sanford Museum</a> Has Part <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/118" target="_blank">Altamonte Springs Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/117" target="_blank">Casselberry Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/54" target="_blank">Geneva Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/55" target="_blank">Geneva Historical & Genealogical Society Collection</a>, Geneva Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/56" target="_blank">Goldenrod Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/57" target="_blank">Goldenrod Historical Society & Museum Collection</a>, Goldenrod Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/129" target="_blank">Heathrow Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/119" target="_blank">Lake Mary Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/43" target="_blank">Longwood Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/128" target="_blank">Oviedo Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/147" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society Collection</a>, Oviedo Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/16" target="_blank">Sanford Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/82" target="_blank">Celery Soup: Florida's Folk Life Play Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/65" target="_blank">Churches of Sanford Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/131" target="_blank">Creative Sanford, Inc. Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/41" target="_blank">Georgetown Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/78" target="_blank">Marie J. Francis Collection</a>, Georgetown Collection, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/101" target="_blank">Sanford Avenue Collection</a>, Georgetown Collection, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/79" target="_blank">Goldsboro Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/116" target="_blank">Henry L. DeForest Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/12" target="_blank">Hotel Forrest Lake Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/14" target="_blank">Ice Houses of Sanford Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/42" target="_blank">Milane Theatre Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/13" target="_blank">Naval Air Station Sanford Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/15" target="_blank">Sanford Baseball Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/61" target="_blank">Sanford Cigar Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/10" target="_blank">Sanford Riverfront Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/11" target="_blank">Sanford State Farmers' Market Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/30" target="_blank">Seminole County Centennial Celebration Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/31" target="_blank">Student Museum and UCF Public History Center Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/32" target="_blank">General Photographic Collection</a>, Student Museum and UCF Public History Center Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/73" target="_blank">Seminole County Public Schools Collection</a>, Student Museum and UCF Public History Center Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/125" target="_blank">Winter Springs Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>. Coverage Seminole County, Florida Altamonte Springs, Florida Casselberry, Florida Goldenrod, Florida Heathrow, Florida Lake Mary, Florida Longwood , Florida Oviedo, Florida Sanford, Florida Winter Springs, Florida Contributing Project <a href="http://www.cfmemory.org/" target="_blank">Central Florida Memory</a> Curator Cepero, Laura External Reference Bentley, Altermese Smith. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/45705201" target="_blank">Seminole County</a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 2000. "<a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/index.aspx" target="_blank">Seminole County Government </a>." Seminole County Government. http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/index.aspx. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/52607030" target="_blank">Early Days of Seminole County, Florida: Where Central Florida History Began</a>. [Sanford, Fla.]: Seminole County Historical Commission, 2002. Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer Motta, Daniel Interviewee Martin, Bobby Location <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a>, Sanford, Florida. Bit Rate/Frequency 1441kbps Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Oral History of Bobby Martin Alternative Title Oral History, Martin Subject Longwood (Fla.) Fishing--Florida Sanford (Fla.) Lake Jesup (Fla.) Lake Monroe (Seminole County and Volusia County, Fla.) Description An oral history of Bobby Martin (b. 1944), conducted by Daniel Motta on June 13, 2012. Martin was born in Tampa, Florida, in 1944, but spent much of his life as a commercial fisherman on Lake Jesup and Lake Monroe. In the interview, Martin discusses growing up in Longwood, serving in the military during the Vietnam War, the commercial fishing industry, the relationship between fishermen, fishing methods, catfish farming and the decline of the wild commercial fishing industry, leaving the fishing industry, and the dangers of fishing. Table Of Contents 0:00:00 Introduction 0:00:48 Growing up in Longwood 0:02:23 Serving in the Vietnam War 0:03:15 Commercial fishing industry 0:08:05 Relationship between fishermen 0:11:48 Typical day fishing 0:15:19 Fishing methods 0:32:51 Catfish farming and the decline of the wild commercial fishing industry 0:34:26 Fishing territory 0:35:30 Leaving the fishing industry and pollution 0:40:31 Dangers of fishing 0:46:46 RECORDING CUTS OFF 0:46:46 Fishing injuries 0:53:11 Stingrays and eels in Lake Jesup and Lake Monroe 0:56:41 Favorite aspect of fishing 0:58:51 Closing remarks Abstract Oral history interview of Bobby Martin. Interview conducted by Daniel Motta at the <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a>, Sanford, Florida. Type Sound Source Original 59-minute and 36-second oral history: Martin, Bobby. Interviewed by Daniel Motta. June 13, 2012. <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a>, Sanford, Florida. Requires Multimedia software, such as <a href="http://www.apple.com/quicktime/download/" target="_blank"> QuickTime</a>. <a href="https://get.adobe.com/reader/" target="_blank">Adobe Acrobat Reader</a> Is Part Of <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a>, Sanford, Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/44" target="_blank">Seminole County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Creator Motta, Daniel Martin, Bobby Date Created 2012-06-13 Date Modified 2012-06-22 Date Copyrighted 2012-06-13 Format audio/wav application/pdf Extent 601 MB 195 KB Medium 59-minute and 36-second audio recording 28-page typed digital transcript Language eng Mediator History Teacher Civcs/Government Teacher Economics Teacher Provenance Originally created by Daniel Motta and Bobby Martin. Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by the <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> External Reference Belleville, Bill. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/41503194" target="_blank">River of Lakes: A Journey on Florida's St. Johns River</a>. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2000. Sanford Historical Society (Fla.). <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/53015288" target="_blank">Sanford</a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 2003. "<a href="http://www.monroeharbour.com/" target="_blank">Monroe Harbour Marina</a>." Monroe Harbour Marina. http://www.monroeharbour.com/. Transcript Motta This is Daniel Motta. It is June 13, 2012. I am at the Museum of Seminole County History, interviewing Bobby Martin. If we could just start—could you just tell me where you were born? Martin Yes, sir. I was born in Tampa, Florida, Hillsborough County. Motta And what year was that? Martin 1944. Motta So what brought you over to Central Florida? Martin My dad’s employment, basically. Motta And, what was he in? Martin Well, at that time, I believe he was working for the Imperial Oil Company. I believe he was. And I was about three, four years old when we moved up here from Tampa. Motta And you said, a little earlier, that you fished with him. Did he have experience fishing in the fishing industry as well? Martin Yeah, absolutely. Well, to get to that, we’ll have to fast forward to 1960 or ’61. Motta Oh, okay. Well, we’ll take it a little slower then. When you got here—could you describe your house. Your… Martin Absolutely. Motta Your—just your house, neighborhood. How it was then? Martin Sure. We moved up here—I’ll tell you this. My dad bought a house in Tampa when I was a baby. My mother told me this. They borrowed money from my grandmother. For $600, they bought a house. They paid the house off. And from that day forward, my dad never had a house mortgage. He was able to—to wheel and deal, and he never had a mortgage. But the story is that we moved up here, and our first house was down by the Dog Track Road in Longwood, at the intersection of [Florida State Road] 17-92. It had a hand pump, for water, and it’s what they call a “shotgun house.” That means you can look in the front door and look right out the back door. That’s how they were built then—bedrooms on one side. And then, from there, we moved on up into Longwood, rented a house. And in 1948--about 1950, I guess—my dad built a house physically himself. Built us a house and raised four kids in that house for 21 years. And then after that—wasn’t long after that time period—I went to Vietnam, and while I was gone, Mom and Dad moved to another house, and then to another house. And, make a long story short, my dad has passed now, and my mother lives in assisted living here in Sanford at Renaissance Retirement [Center]. Motta So you, did you go to Vietnam right after high school, or... Martin No, I was—no. I was—went to Vietnam in ’67, and ’68. Motta Were you drafted, then? Martin I was drafted. Yeah. And I obtained the rank of sergeant, did the best I could, and came home. And in the military I was a wheeled-vehicle mechanic. And, other than that, I was involved in the commercial fishing industry before I went to Vietnam, but not very much before. About—we went into the commercial fishing in about 1961. And I can tell you how that happened, if you want to hear it. Motta Well, you said you were a mechanic in the.. Martin Military. Motta Was that—have you always had an interest in that? Is that why you... Martin Yeah. Mm-hm. Motta All right. And, would you like to continue? Were you about to... Martin Yeah, I was gonna tell you—did you want me to tell you how we started in the fishing industry, or did you want to go somewhere else? Motta Well, what was the impact of the fishing industry like when you were younger, before you got into—before you went to Vietnam? Martin Yeah. Okay. Exactly. Well, the way it happened was, I had never heard of a commercial fisherman on the river prior to 1961 or thereabouts. My dad had a gas station at the corner of Airport Boulevard, which at that time was Anora Road and 17-92. The building still stands today. We were in the gas station one day, and two men pulled in in an old car, and they looked bad. And the old car was a 1937 four-door DeSoto sedan—had no backseat. It was a huge. It was as big as a barn. It was a huge car. And they came in for gas, and my daddy walked out to that car and looked in the back of that car, and there were two garbage cans in the back, and they were full of catfish. Well, Clarence Coir and Cecil Dile were in that car, and they got to talking about those catfish. Well, our family’s always loved to fish, but we never did commercial fishing. And, when my dad found out that you could actually earn a living catching fish, it wasn’t very long before the gas station was history, and we obtained ourselves a little boat, and we began to commercial fish. Motta So he sold the gas station to get a boat? Martin That’s right. Right. Motta All right. Well, so, that was when you were in your teens, or earlier than that? Martin Early twenties. That was about 1961, ’62, I guess. Right along in there. Motta So, when you came back from Vietnam, did you get back into that industry, or were you, like, looking for other jobs before then? Martin Well, as a matter of fact, before I went to Vietnam—before I was drafted—I was involved in commercial fishing with my dad. He had his boat, and I had my boat. Now, these weren’t big boats like you see in the ocean. These were just river skiffs, basically, is what we fished out of. Motta Do you remember about how long they were? Martin Yep. They were around 14 to 16 feet, and some of them were flat-bottomed, and some of them were what they call a “skip jack.” A skip jack is just a small boat, usually with a big engine on it, and it has a very sharp bow, so that when you carry a load in it, it’ll break the waves on the rough lake, and it’s stable. The flat-bottomed boats were better for calm water. So we got our two boats, we went to commercial fishing. The kind of commercial fishing we did from 19—approximately ’61, ‘til the time I went in the service—we used a trot line. Do you know what a trot line is? Motta No. Martin Trot line is a very, very, very long piece of string, with a lot of hooks on it. You see that in the Deadliest... Motta Oh, Deadliest… Martin [The] Perfect Storm! Motta Oh, okay. Martin [The] Perfect Storm, they’re catching big fish. But it’s the same theory. It’s a long line about… Motta And you just drag it along the… Martin No, they’re put out. Motta Oh. Martin They’re a quarter-mile long. And you go down the line on your little boat, and you knock the fish in the boat, bait the hook back, and go to the next hook, and so on, ‘til you progress down the line. Motta This was in Lake Monroe or Lake Jesup? Martin At that time, that was Lake Jesup, only. Motta Okay. Martin There were other fishermen doing the same thing, but my dad and I, at that time, fished out of Lake Jesup. We put our boats in Tuskawilla Road—used to run right down to the lake. It was a dirt road. And there was a bunch of wino commercial fishermen that lived there in the woods. Now, in that camp where they lived, they had a wooden nail keg—a wooden barrel—buried in the ground, and the groundwater seeped in through the cracks. And they would drink that water, and I saw maggots in that water. And they would live in this old camp. Well, at that time, we left our boats right there at the boat, along the bank, ‘cause people didn’t steal your stuff then. We’d just drive down there, get in our boats, and go fishing, and come back, and beach the boat, and go sell our fish down at the fish house. Right across the road from Lowe’s, yeah, there was an establishment called Waits’—I don’t know how you spell “Waits”—their last name was Waits—Fish House. And they were a commercial fish outlet—inlet, whatever, distributor. And we would sell our fish at that fish house. Motta And where was this? What Lowe’s? What location? Martin Across the road from Lowe’s in Sanford. Motta Okay. So… Martin Right where the Walmart is. Motta Okay. So pretty much all the commercial fishing was done in the lake. It wasn’t on the rivers usually? Martin Well, see, at that time, we were fishing in the lake. There was commercial fishing in both lakes and the river, and all up in North Florida. It was all statewide. But I’m just referring to what my dad and I did. Motta Okay. So how many fishermen usually were in the—well, commercial fishermen—in Lake Jesup? Martin Okay. Well Lake Jesup—I’ll say at any given time—people were running trot line. There might have been a dozen, I guess. But, see, when you’re running trot lines that are a quarter of a mile long, you run three or four of them. It takes up quite a large area. Motta It seems like there might be a risk of them getting tangled. Was that ever a possibility? Martin Yeah. What would happen when one trot line—when one man would put his trot line unbeknownst to the other, across his, there was a common courtesy that when you ran your trot line, it would pick his up, and you would tie them together. And then when he saw that his line was on top of yours—so he would take his up, you see. Common courtesy. Motta So there was like an unspoken code, pretty much? Martin Yeah. Motta All right. Martin And sometimes it ended up in not so pleasant situations, but most of the time it worked pretty well. Motta Well, were there any… Martin Physical altercations? Motta Or just any feuds or anything between… Martin Yeah. There were always territorial wars on the lake. “I’m fishing this end of the lake.” “Well, you don’t own this lake. You don’t have a deed to it.” Back and forth, and so on, you know. “You go fish in that section,” and “I was here first,” and that kind of childish bickering went on constantly. Motta Did it ever escalate above just shouting or... Martin Mm-hm. Yeah. In some cases, it got physical. There were some boats sunk at different times. Hostility. But that was a rare occasion. Motta You say boats sunk? How exactly did that… Martin Well, there are stories. And, you know, I have to confess. I’m gonna relay a story or two to you that were stories that were relayed to me, and I don’t know how much foundation there was to them. Motta Okay. Martin But I would—from that industry, I would say they’re probably pretty well true. One of the stories is that one gentleman had his trot lines out—now, these lines, you leave them—at that time, you would leave them in the water, and you would take the fish off and re-bait the hook, and go on down the line. So the lines stayed in the water, at that time. And this gentleman had his line out, and when he went out to his line, there were some people—sports fishermen—fishing out there, and they had his trot line on up out of the water. Well, now, this gentleman had a skip jack with a great big stack of motor on the back of it, and he was probably running 100 horse[power] or better. Boat probably run 70 miles an hour. So he pulled up to them. He said, “What you all doing?” And they said, “We’re taking some catfish off this trot line.” He said, “Well, isn’t that something?” Then he fired that motor up, and he made a big circle out there on the lake ‘til he got her up running good and fast, and he cut that boat in half, and he put both of them in the water. So, that kind of stuff would go on, you know, occasionally. But I gotta tell you, my friend, that’s a rare occasion. That didn’t happen every day. Motta Did all the commercial fishermen kind of stick together if there was some kind of… Martin Confrontation? Motta Water sports? Martin Sports fishermen. Motta Is that what you refer to them? Martin Yeah. You had commercial fishermen, then you had your sports fishermen. That was always a conflict there. Motta And you pretty much stuck together if there was any kind of… Martin Yeah, but we didn’t gang up on people. Motta All right. Martin We weren’t that type. Motta You weren’t looking to… Martin It was—looking at it from the sportsmen’s objective[sic] is that they were right in their complaint that we had these lines all over the lake, and they’re out there drifting for speckled perch. Some people call them “crappie.” They’re drifting, deep, then their line’d get hung on it, and they’re [inaudible]. They’d wind it all in. Well, it’s a trot line. And they’d get their motors caught in them, so it was probably a nuisance. At the same time, we’d go out to our trot lines and find them cut in two, and they’re all tangled up, and the fish all make big balls out of the trot lines. So there was always some kind of a war going on out there, but it was usually verbal. Motta So how long did you have the lines out at a time? Like, when you went out on the lake? How long was that? Martin What we would do—we’d go out about daylight. Motta Okay. Martin We’d walk along the shoreline with a little net and we’d catch shrimp. There were brine shrimp that lived in the river, if you didn’t know that. They look like any other shrimp, but they’re just smaller. And we would bait our trot lines with them. So, we would put our lines out, bait them up, and we would actually— we’d get probably—maybe a couple weeks before we had to pull them back up and then re-hook them, you see. Put new hooks on the lines, ‘cause the hooks, after a while, they’ll deteriorate, rust, begin to break, get dull. So you had to put new hooks on your trot lines. So you would bring it in, put it in a big tub, bring it in, cut the old hooks off, put new hooks on, put it on a special rack that I’ll tell you about later, and we’d go put the line back out in the water. Now, later on, this type of fishing—when I got back from Vietnam, I met a family that had come up here from Clewiston, and they were deep into commercial fishing all their lives. And they knew a technique that I did not know, and they would put the lines out at dusk, and pick the line up in the morning, and just knock the fish off of it. They would call it “boating the line.” They’d put the line in a tub, and they’d take the line home, and put it on this rack I’m telling you about, and repair any damage to it, jump it out at dusk, and the same process. They called that “jump lining.” Well, they taught me how to do that. This family kind of just took me in. They just liked me, I guess. And, so they taught me how to jump line. So from that point, my dad and I kind of separated in that he remained in Lake Jesup doing what we call “stay lining” or leaving them overboard, and I migrated up into the river and Lake Monroe, because now I started fishing at night. I started using different kind of equipment, different kind of light. My dad didn’t use lights. He’d fish in the daytime. I started using lights, and I started jumping the lines out in the evening, picking them up in the morning, and playing all day. I was single and running crazy. Motta So about how old were you when you and your dad split up the boat? Martin That would have been about 1970, I guess. Something like that. We didn’t part enemies. I just took on a different kind of fishing. And for 10 years—after I got back from Vietnam—for 10 years, I lived on various kinds of boats on the river. I actually lived on the river. And Archie Smith at Sanford Boat Works [& Marina]—finally I moved one of my boats into his marina. And after he talked to me for a while, he asked me if I would like to run his little store there on the weekends. And I said, “Sure!” Motta It’s like a bait shop, or... Martin Well, what it was—no bait—it was what is called a “ship store.” They’d sell screws and hardware and bilge pumps. Of course, they had their yachts in the marina. So, I went to work one weekend, and my next day off was a year later. I ended up working seven days a week! [laughs] But I still fished at night. Archie’s a great guy. This guy—you know Archie? Motta I’m trying to get an interview with him, actually. Martin You’ve got to. You’d better have some time, though, ‘cause he’s got a lot to tell you. He’s a wonderful man. And anyway, I lived in the marina and worked at the marina for five years, but I was still commercial fishing and still living on my boat. But I bought and sold, back and forth, different boats to live on, always making a profit. And I lived on boats for 10 years, on the river, and that was a cool thing to do. Motta Sounds kind of nice, actually. Martin Yeah. Motta So the lines, that was pretty much—the trot lines, that was the way to catch fish? You didn’t use—you only used the nets for the shrimp and... Martin Okay. That’s a good question. Now we’re gonna get in the part where we’re gonna talk about some poaching. Motta Okay. Martin With a trot line, basically, you can’t poach, ‘cause it’s all legal. But now, when I moved up into the river, and I fell in with some friends up here. We began to do what they call “monkey fishing.” And most people, they don’t know what monkey fishing is. It’s just—I don’t guess it’s a local name been given to it—but it’s using electric generator. And these generators generally come in the old field phone or an old crank telephone. It’s an armature with a series of bar magnets stacked over the armature, and when it spins, it generates an electrical current. Well, my daddy had one of those monkeys—we’d call it—in his old shop, when I was a little boy. You running out of time? And I saw that thing laying in the shop for years. I didn’t know what it was. Well then, when I fell in with these guys and I found out what a monkey was, I said, “I’ve got one of those.” And I went home and I got that monkey and I fastened it to a board, and I hooked an electric motor to it. And brother, we went fishing. Now when you turn that monkey on, if you turn it too fast, it doesn’t work. If you turn it too slow, it doesn’t work. There’s a certain rhythmic impulse for that machine, which is relatively slow, the catfish can’t stand. It doesn’t affect any scale fish. It doesn’t affect eels, gar, brim, stingrays—nothing but catfish. And so, we would go out at night with very powerful headlights. My light was a landing light off of an aircraft. It was about a half a million candlepower. And we would run that monkey, we’d put a wire over each side of the boat, and the fish would literally try to get out of the water. They’d come up to the top, and they’re running around, and we’ve got long poles with nets on them. When that started, we’d dip them up and put them in the boat. Motta So they’d be jumping out of the water? Martin Yeah, they’d jump up on the banks. Some of them would jump in the boat. It was crazy. We’d be laughing. It was funny. But it was illegal. I gotta tell you, it was illegal. But we made a lot of money doing that. And, so, I’ll say this—and I want this to go on the record—because that monkey machine, as we’d call it, will not work in any water at all times. There are several conditions that have to be favorable for its function. The water has to be low, basically a drought situation—wintertime low. Water has to be hot, disgusting, nasty. Usually it’s green with algae. But what happens in that process—and a lot of commercial fishermen don’t understand this the alkalinity in that water is magnified, because the water volume is reduced, thus condensing the amount of alkalinity in that water. Now the river’s a battery. It’s a conductor. You put the two wires over it, now you’ve got a current flowing, as well as radiating, and it drives the fish crazy. If it rains a lot and dilutes that water, or the water’s high—still diluted—you lose that connection, and it doesn’t work at all. So we knew that it would only work in the summertime. But that’s why. It has to do with the alkalinity and acidity in the water. Motta This sounds like a kind of complicated process. Is this something that most fishermen knew, or was it something like you guys just figured out after a while? Martin I think we all knew it, but I don’t think a lot of the commercial fishermen—and I was one. So I guess, I wasn’t of the same mind as most commercial fishermen, I gotta tell you. I’m not better than them, I just came from a different spoke of the wheel. I would investigate things. I take things apart now. I have an inquisitive mind. So I delved into why this thing worked. They don’t give a hoot. All they care is if it works or it don’t[sic] work. But anyway, that’s why I was able to share with you why it works, and why sometimes it doesn’t. Now, I don’t wanna get long-winded, but I could tell you something else phenomenal about commercial fishing. There is a time of year that you will catch more fish on a trot line with no bait than you will with bait. And they call it “fishing empty hooks.” And you ask a commercial fisherman, “Why is that?” “I don’t know! Just this time of year. They bite empty hooks.” Well, I did some investigating. When acidic water is acidic water, as opposed to pure water, it’s a good conductor. It’s also corrosive. When you drop a metallic object into corrosive water, on whatever scale, it will begin to deteriorate. It’s called “electrolysis action.” It rusts. It corrodes. When it does that, it puts out a minute electrical aura around that which is deteriorating. You understand that. Iron deteriorating in air, when it gets wet, is called “oxidation.” Metal deteriorating in water, going through the same process, I guess it’s oxidation. It’s a mixing of a metal with oxygen. But it occurs under the water, and it generates a small electrical charge. A catfish’s whiskers are so ultra-sensitive, he doesn’t even need eyes. And I’ve got a book on this—I’ve read this, so I’m not just spinning you a yarn. They are so ultra-sensitive, that in itself is why the monkey affects only catfish. And it won’t affect any other kind of fish. Now the state uses a generator to bring up scale fish to do a count. They’re using an AC [alternating current] voltage. Well, the monkey’s putting out a DC [direct current] voltage. And they use 110 volts—a different kind of electricity to affect the scale fish. But anyway, that’s why a certain time of the year, you can catch more fish on a trot line on empty hooks than you can with bait, because the fish goes for that electrical aura. That’s how catfish can find food. They can actually find food by that. Any living thing has a small—you have electricity in your body. Well, I don’t care how small the organism is, it has an aura, and the catfish can find their food with that. So when they swim by that hook, and they go, “Oh, this is lunch,” and they grab it. And there will be fish on almost every hook. But the water condition has to be right. When that water’s diluted, all of a sudden that doesn’t work. We’ve caught thousands of pounds of fish on pink Camay soap. And you could always tell when the fish were biting on the pink Camay soap, because you’d go into the store, and all the soap displays were all crumbled, because the commercial fisherman would pick up the bar of soap and shove his thumbnail in it. If he could push his thumbnail in it, the bar of soap was a nice, fresh bar, and you could cut it up. If you couldn’t push your thumbnail in it, he didn’t want that one. So they’d destroy all the pink Camay. And they would only bite on pink Camay. So we’ve caught catfish in a commercial way on pink Camay soap. Shrimp—local shrimp here in the river—there’s brine or grass shrimp, snails. The bottoms of these lakes and the river are just literally covered with millions of snails. There’s a certain way you get the snail out of his shell to put it on the hook. Watermelon produces large channel catfish. But not many of them, but the thing of it is, would you rather clean five great big fish, or two hundred little bitty fish? So we would use watermelon sometimes. Watermelon. Cantaloupe was a good producer of large channel cats. I think that somehow the large channel cats, believe it or not, they must favor something sweet. I have a friend right now that’s running trot line right now, today, he’s baiting with corn, canned corn, and he’s just cleaning house. Motta [laughs] I would never imagine that would… Martin Well, see. That’s another reason I’m glad we’re having this interview. And this stuff could—that’s why I asked you on the phone, “Could this be a long interview?” This could go on—I could tell you stuff like this for days. And you don’t have that kind of time, let alone that amount of stuff on that machine. So anyway. Therein lies that. And in Lake Monroe, we would do the trot line. Now if you want, I’ll get into other methods we caught fish. Motta Well, let me just ask you this quickly. The device—monkey? What’d you call it, the monkey? Martin A monkey. Motta Okay. You said that wasn’t really legal, technically. Martin Not legal at all! No way. Motta Was there, at that time—what kind of presence did the fish and wildlife have? Like, were they patrolling the rivers and the lakes a lot? Martin Yeah. Yeah. Motta Like, did you have to watch out for them? Martin Very much so. That’s a good question, Daniel. Matter of fact, what we would do, occasionally—sometimes we just went monkey fishing, but occasionally, we would go down to, we would drive down to Mullet Lake Park, or we’d go down to [Lake] Harney, or we’d park right here across the river at 17-92. We’d go to that park at night. Well, it’s closed. We’d drive around behind the park, and come up the back way, and come under the fence. And we’d go down to the boat ramp, make sure the game warden wasn’t in. Now, if his truck was sitting there, we knew he was in the area. So if his truck wasn’t there, now we drove down to Mullet Park and it wasn’t there, we had a full, pretty fair shot that he wasn’t in our area, and we’d go monkey fishing. So, but, the game warden… Motta So it was kind of a risk, a little bit, or... Martin I’m sorry? Motta Was it kind of a risk, or... Martin Absolutely. Every time we went monkey fishing, it was a risk. But the game warden and the average commercial fisherman didn’t have a real good rapport. I happened to have had a good rapport with the game warden. I respected him. He was a good man. A lot of guys didn’t. And he almost caught me doing some illegal things, but he never caught me. He never caught me, brother. [laughs] But anyway, the game wardens were always—it was like the old movies—cowboys and Indians. The cowboys chase the Indians, or the Indians chase the cowboys. And it was that kind of a thing, you know. But he’d catch—occasionally catch somebody and write them up, and then there was always a dispute. If he caught somebody doing something illegal in Lake Monroe, when they went to court, the commercial fisherman would say, “Well, where did you catch me?” And he’d say, “I caught you in Lake Monroe.” And he would say, “Well, where in Lake Monroe did you catch me?” Because the county line runs right through the middle of the lake. So, and a lot of times, it was thrown out of court. [laughs] Motta So what were these other methods of fishing you were... Martin Now there’s a—fish traps, at that time, when I was doing that, were illegal. Now, I didn’t get into the trapping much. Motta What kind of traps were they? Martin Good question. A trap was made, basically, with chicken wire. Now, picture in your mind a round tube made of chicken wire, approximately 18 inches to 2 feet in diameter, 3 feet high—maybe 4. Now pinch one end of that tube shut. So it’s seamed at the bottom, now it’s open at the top, in which there is an inverted funnel laid on its side on the bottom of the lake with food in it. Catfish would go in the funnel, and they’re too stupid to find their way out. They turn around, now they’re against—between the trap and the funnel, and they can’t get out. And they just continue to fill up, fill up with catfish. And when the person—you would tie that to a long line, like a trot line—when you would run your trap string, as they called it, you’d pull the trap up, you unzip the bottom of it, drop your fish out, close it back up, threw some more bait in there, you threw her back overboard. Motta And this was illegal, as well? Martin At that time, it was. It isn’t now. At that time, trapping was not legal. Motta Is there a reason why—do you know why that became illegal? It doesn’t seem very harmful. Martin Well, I don’t know the particulars as to why it would be illegal, unless it would be because of the amount of fish harvested. Other than that, I don’t know why. I just know it was illegal, and if they would catch you, they would confiscate your traps, stomp them all down, and then put you in jail. Motta Oh, really? Martin Yeah. Motta They’d jail you? Martin If they caught you with the stuff, yeah. But a lot of people were doing it. But I never did the trap. I don’t know why. I was always content to do the trot line. I was a trot liner. And then I got into monkey fishing. Now there’s another method of fishing that we—oh, this was fun, brother. Out off the coast of Florida, they do a lot of shrimping. Behind those boats, they pull what’s called a “shrimp trawl.” Do you know what that is? Motta No. Martin Have you seen a shrimp boat? Motta Yes. Martin It’s got the two things sticking up here. When they’re out in the ocean, they’re called “outriggers.” They’ll drop them down. And from those—back behind the boat are two long ropes tied to a very wide-mouth net, and it comes down to what they call a “sock.” This is wide at the beginning. It comes down to a long tube. They drag that along the ocean bottom, and that’s how they catch the shrimp that you put on your dinner table. We had a shrimp net—a trawl, as it was called. Well, we would pull the trawl on Lake Monroe, with 100 horse Mercury. Now, you couldn’t pull it very fast, ‘cause it was 35 feet wide and dragging the bottom. Had a cork line on top to hold the top up, and it had a lead line on the bottom to hold the bottom down. So it was bagged out, and you would drag that along the bottom of the lake, and you would catch your catfish that way. And that was easy pickings there. It’d take a long time, but see, you could get caught doing that, too. You had to always be on the lookout for the game warden out there in the lake. This was done at nighttime, with no lights. Motta And you said you did participate in that kind of… Martin I’m sorry? Motta You did use that kind of a method sometimes? Martin Yeah. Yep. Pulled a trawl in Lake Monroe, right down the channel, catch all kinds of catfish. But once again, that was illegal. Very illegal. Motta You keep saying “catfish.” Is that pretty much all—the catfish—that was pretty much the prize fish you… Martin Yeah. Now, catfish was a legal fish. Now, once you caught that catfish, and took it to market, nobody cared. I mean, it was just a fish on the market. So if you trapped it, if you monkeyed it up, if you dug it with a trawl, or however, once you took it to market, it was fair game. How you got the fish was a different story. Now, there were a lot of brim captured with trawl, traps, and sold on black market. The brim, you didn’t have to clean them. You ice them down, and they run them across the state line or wherever they went, and you could sell brim. Motta But they weren’t legal to sell or to catch? Martin Not at all. That’s right. No game fish. Commercial fishermen were not allowed to have a game fish in his boat. Motta So what were the fish that were—aside from catfish—I mean, did you even bother with any other fish, or where there’s like—was it like smaller… Martin Oh, no. We just focused on catfish. And if you really got desperate and wanted to make some money on black market, you would catch brim and speckle perch, which is crappie. And I didn’t get into that much. I stayed—basically, catfish. Motta Okay. Martin And, did a lot of things illegally to catch the catfish. It was a lot of fun, made a lot of money. But, you understand, commercial fishing industry, it’s either feast or famine. You’re making a lot of money in a very short period of time. But when you’re not doing it, and that money’s gone, you’ve got to do it again to produce that kind of money, or you just gotta get by the best way you can. So if your trot line’s only producing a small amount of money, basically whatever that figure might be, and the monkey—or the trawl, the traps—are producing a lot, and you’re not doing that fashion, that method anymore, now you’ve gotta revert back to your trot line, which takes hours and hours to run. A lot of effort, you see. Then you’re gonna gravitate towards the easy pickings. Now the trot lines, they were on average about a quarter of a mile long—about 1,300 feet long each. And we would run anywhere from two to four, five of those a day. Motta Okay. Were there any other methods of catching a fish that you haven’t gone over? Martin Yeah, one more. It’s called a “hoop net.” It’s a long net, much like the trawl in the—what I called the “sock” or the “tube area.” It has no large, wide mouth, like a trawl. It just has a round mouth with a funnel. This is all made out of string. It’s netting. Has multiple hoops in it. Looks like a big caterpillar laying on the bottom. Like a big sausage. And one end of it is tied off. Pinched shut. The other end is wide open with the funnel, and the catfish will go in that. Just like a large trap, only instead of being made of chicken wire, it’s—I don’t know—four, five feet wide and it has fiberglass round hoops that are attached as ribs every couple of feet. Motta And this was being pulled? Martin No. That’s just anchored in the river, like a trap, and the fish would just go in it. And you’d go out there and pick it up and drag the fish out of it. That’s illegal. I don’t know that hoop nets are illegal now. That might not be. You see, what has happened, Daniel, is the farm-raised catfish. You’re familiar with that? Motta Mm-hm. Martin Farm-raised catfishing industry has accelerated to the effect that it has shut down the wild commercial fishermen. Because people prefer restaurants, big dealers are buying up farm-raised catfish. However, I will say this: farm-raised catfish on the plate are distinctively different than those that came out of the wild. The flesh is relatively flabby and tasteless. And the reason for that, Daniel, is that the farm-raised catfish lays on the bottom of that pond where he’s raised, and he is fed. He doesn’t have to move. He just eats, goes back, and lays on the bottom. The wild catfish has to work for his food, and his muscle tone is good, the flesh is firm, and he has a better taste when you want to eat some catfish. Motta So catfish quality has pretty much declined over the years, as a result of restaurants preferring raised fish? Martin Yeah. If you buy catfish filet at a restaurant, you’ll find it’s—it’s edible. It’s good. It is. I’m not mocking them. I’m just telling you that a wild catfish is better on the plate than a farm-raised catfish. It really is. So if you go to a restaurant that has wild catfish—which I think Black Hammock Fish Camp on the bottom end of Jesup there has—they’re a lot better, and that’s the reason why. It’s not that I’m down on the farm-raised fish. It’s just a matter of fact. Motta Well. You mentioned going to Lake Harney, right? What was like, the—like your territory? Like how far did you go out on the lakes and the rivers? Martin My territory was basically Lake Jesup and the [St. Johns] River connecting Lake Jesup and Lake Monroe, and Lake Monroe. That was my territory that I fished. Well, other people did too, but just personally, that’s just the area that I fished. A local area. No commercial fisherman fishes the entire length of 128 miles of St. John River, so we all—you live in this town, you fish this section, and that guy lives in that town, he fishes that section, ‘cause it’s not practical to do that. But I just fished Lake Jesup and the river between Jesup and Monroe, and mostly Lake Monroe. Motta So never outside of Lake Monroe, like north on the river? No? Martin No. ‘Bout the I[nterstate Highway]-4 bridge, from there north up. I been up there, but not in a commercial fashion. Motta Okay. And, I’m curious, so what were the year—when did you stop commercial fishing? What year? Martin It’s a gray area, Daniel, because an industry like that—to where you see all the beautiful sunsets and the sunrises, and you’re out there in nature at night, it’s so inviting to the typical guy. You get out of it, and you’re back in it. And you’re back out of it, and you’re back in it. You meander. Nobody just quits commercial fishing one day, ‘cause it gets in your blood, so to speak. It becomes in your fiber. But I’ll say that I finally relinquished all commercial fishing, on a commercial basis, probably about 1971, something like that. Motta Oh, okay. So did you notice any—it might have been a little early in ’71, but did you notice any effective—like pollution, with more people moving to Central Florida? Was there any, like, effect on the water and the fish? Martin Yeah. Now, the answer to that, basically, is no, as far as the fish are concerned. But I, of course, through the years, been on a river as many years as I have, there’s a lot more pollution—people camping on the riverbank and leaving old grills and beer cans and bottles up in the woods. It’s disgusting, the way people actually treat the river. Now, although I was a commercial fisherman, don’t exclude me to the fact that where you think I don’t have good sense, because I like to think that I do, and I’m an advocate for the river. And it offends me greatly when the river’s abused. I see the erosion of the boat wake. Now, nobody can help that. Boat wakes will erode the bank and the trees fall. That—okay. That’s okay. But the debris that people leave behind when they go out. They have a good time on the river, and they leave their trash on the riverbank. I’ve got a real, real problem with that. There’s just no call for that. But anyway, to answer your question, as far as the fish are concerned, haven’t seen anything negative reflect from the fish at all. Motta Did you know any other fisher—like, I don’t know how—how far out you got, but did you know any fishermen from Lake—I read Lake Apopka, for instance, there was a pretty—it was pretty—with the pesticides used from the surrounding farmlands, it got pretty bad for a while there. Was there not really much of that around here? Martin No, not here. It was bad in Lake Apopka. It really was. No, haven’t seen that here. Personally, I can’t say that I have. Motta Okay. Martin The water quality comes and goes with the seasons. In the summertime, before the rainy season, water’s low. Not all that inviting sometimes. It gets a lot of algae. And algae’s a natural process. But now I’ll tell you this: away from the commercial fishing, and just looking at the river itself, most of the time that I was commercial fishing, the hyacinths were a nuisance. Because the hyacinths would move, and the hyacinth produces a new plant, I think, every 72 hours. So they’re prolific beyond compare, I guess, but there would be literal acres—a half-acre of hyacinths floating in the water. And you try to run a trot line up off the bottom, you pick that trot line up, and there’s this a half a[sic] acre of hyacinths you can’t even get through. It’s impassable. That’s a problem. So they were a problem. Hyacinths were a problem to small boat navigation. They were a problem to the commercial fishermen. However, when the state began to spray the hyacinths, they would die and settle to the bottom. Now you try to run a trot line in that. When you pick it up off the bottom, all those hyacinths that were floating on top are now rotting on the bottom, and they’re all over your trot line. There’s another problem. And they turn to silt, and it just gets worse and worse. But I’ve got to say in defense of the hyacinths, I think water quality was better, because their, the way they feed, as they float to the water—have you ever seen the root of a hyacinth? Motta It’s pretty long, right? Martin Yeah, and it was like a feather. It was like a feather duster. It hangs in the water. And as it moves along, it collects nutrients out of the water, and thus it cleans the water. So, they have sprayed so many hyacinths—the state has—that I feel like that the water quality is not what it could be with the hyacinths. In other words, I don’t have a problem with them spraying the hyacinths, but I think they’ve overdone it. They’ve virtually almost wiped them out. Motta Yeah. You don’t really see them that much anymore, do you? Martin No. No. You don’t. And the habitat—the shrimp and a lot of small fish would live up under the hyacinths in the roots, and the game fish were up there all the time. You could find a hole in the hyacinths, and fish through that hole, and catch all kinds of fish. Well, there are no hyacinths. It’s good to look at, nice pretty water, but it’s not as good as it could be. And that hyacinth is not a natural plant for Florida, you know. It came here, I think, from the Orient. Motta You mentioned earlier some altercations with other fishermen. Aside from the human aspect, were there any major, like, dangers with—I’d imagine there’s some kinds of dangers with commercial fishing? Natural dangers or just, like, the boat. Like, what did you have to look out for, pretty much? Martin Yeah. Okay. I’m glad you brought that up. One of the most agonizing injuries a commercial fisherman can get is to get horned by a catfish. A catfish has three horns—or spikes, fins—two out the side of each side of the head, and one up on the dorsal fin in the back. Now these fins are—they’re designed in a way that they’re serrated. They go in slick, but coming out is a different story, because it has, like, teeth on the backside of it, all in one direction, allowing it smooth penetration, but a very painful extraction. And to get stuck by one and bleed a little bit, it hurts a little bit and that’s it. But if you get one jammed in all the way in halfway through your hand, and you gotta pull that thing out, that’s a bad deal, brother. So anyway, that’s a bad deal. And I’ll tell you something a lot of people don’t know about catfish. One of the things that creates the intense pain when one is stuck by a catfish is the slime on the fish. And the way I found that out is, I had a cut on my hand one day when I picked up a catfish, and it just stung beyond belief, and I realized that that had something to do with it. I don’t think the catfish injects you with anything. I can’t say yes or no. I don’t think so. Motta Maybe like the bacteria or something? Martin Yeah. And infection is rampant. You need to get attention for a deep puncture wound from a catfish. But catfish will hurt you. A stingray will hurt you. I didn’t mess around with the alligators. I’m not of the mindset that I like to kill things. I kill the catfish to survive, but I’m not a hunter. Motta Well, yeah, you were on Lake Jesup a lot. Was the alligator population pretty big then, too? Martin Tremendous. Motta Did they pretty much just leave you alone? Martin Yeah. An alligator’s a misunderstood animal. He’s docile in his realm. He’s shy. He’ll stay away from you. Sometimes he’s kind of curious, but he won’t come up to you. He’ll stay off some distance and watch you, and that’s about it. Motta Even—you started in the early morning, right? They’re pretty active then. They still just kind of ignored you? Martin Yeah. You’d see them out there, see their heads up out on the lake, and they’re just trying to catch a garfish or a turtle or something, you know. They’re not the aggressive animal the media has made them out to be. You corner an alligator, he’s gonna try to hurt you. Motta Mess with its nest or something? Martin Yeah. That’s right. But if you leave the gator alone, he wants to get away from you. He don’t wanna be around a human being. On the other hand, people that feed the gators, they’re asking for trouble. That’s a different scenario. But in the wild, an alligator—he’s not gonna come charging up and jump in your boat, and all that stuff, whatever you might have heard. They’re docile. I should say—I can’t say “docile.” They’re hostile when they are challenged. But other than that, they don’t. Motta So, you worked for your father. Was there more crew than you and your father, I’m assuming? Martin Just my dad and I. Motta Oh, really? Martin Yeah. And he had his little boat, and I had mine, and he ran his trot lines, and I ran my trot lines, and I lived with my dad. Motta So even when you went off into Lake Monroe, it was just you? Martin Well, about that time’s when I started living on the boat, and so I had left on a different path. Motta Okay. But you didn’t have, like, deck hands or anything? Martin No. No, ‘cause the boats were too small. It’s only big enough for one boat, ‘cause you put a lot of fish and that commercial fishing equipment in the boat, and you—there is no room for anybody else. ‘Cause you’ve got a trot line what you call “wrapped,” and long hooks, and buoys, and all this fishing equipment. Lights and batteries and all kinds of stuff in the boat. So the boat’s only 14 feet long, there’s not a whole lot of room in there. So you gotta walk over all your stuff to get from one end of the boat to the other. And the trot line, by the way, is run from the bow. You sit right up in the bow, if you didn’t know that, to run the trot line, and the boat just kind of follows along as you go down that trot line. Motta Okay. So, since it was just you in the boat, did you have to kind of—I guess you knew what you were doing—but did you have to take care that you didn’t hurt yourself, or fall out or something? I mean, there’s nobody watching your back, pretty much? Martin Well, that’s right. You’re out there by yourself a lot. Yeah, you know—and that is good. You didn’t want an explosion or fire in your boat, which I never heard of that happening, but you wouldn’t want that out there by yourself. But I think the main thing you had to watch out for was—every commercial fisherman had a knife. It was a tool, and you could get cut, which I had done. You could get a pretty bad cut. Or, at times, when you’re baiting a trot line, when you grab this hook to bait it, you let go out this side of the boat, as you’re going down the line. You follow me? So you grab this hook, you bait, you let it go, and you grab this hook. Now, now you’re spread eagle. When you come together the length of the next pull, when you let that hook go, it’s a crucial moment, because if the wind is blowing—and this has happened to me and my dad—you pull that hand back, and that hook will bury itself right there in the palm of your hand, ‘cause it’s flopping in the wind, and you pull your hand back—it’s got you. So then you cut that little—it’s called a “brailing.” You have a trot line, you have a little string hanging down with a hook on it. You would cut that little string off, leave the hook embedded in your hand, finish your work, and come home and go to the doctor and have him cut it out. But what I would do, I’d just get a pair of pliers, jerk it out, and it’d pull out a hunk of meat. I wasn’t gonna go to the doctor. I’m not big and bad. I was cheap. [laughs] I wasn’t going to the doctor. Uh-uh. But we’d pull it out. Motta Oh, man. [laughs] Well, do you have any other stories you’d like to share, or I mean… Martin A lot. A lot, but I can’t take up your whole day, brother. Motta We’ve got a little time left. Martin All right. One time when I was married, I came home from the lake and I had exactly that scenario. Motta All right, sorry about that. You were about to start a story? Martin Yeah. That’s fine. We were talking about injuries or potential injuries. And, only because you asked me, I’ll tell you this story. But I came home that one day, and I had a hook buried in the palm of my hand. That little—what they call a “brailing” —that little piece of string on it. And as I said, at that time I was married. Well, outside we had a clothesline, and a T-fashion pole at each end. So, I knew she wasn’t gonna pull that out of my hand. So, I took a concrete block and I tied a string to it, and I set it right up on the top of the center of that T on that clothesline, and right beside the clothesline was my truck. So I laid my hand on the truck, and I tied a loop around that hook, and I held the shank down on this side, where it would pull that hook out reverse, and I called her out in the yard. And I said, “Push that concrete block off the clothesline.” And she looked at that scenario and saw that line coming down to my hand, and saw that hook, and she wouldn’t do it. And I insisted, so she finally tipped that concrete block off, and it went over the side of that clothesline pole. And when that line tightened up, brother, that hook come out of that hand and it pulled a hunk of meat about the size of an English pea. It put a hole in the middle of my hand. [laughs] Motta It seems you would have a lot of scars from this industry. Martin But you know, there’s probably so many scars, they just all run together. Now, I’ll tell you—you wanna hear this scar? That scar runs from that middle finger down around here, and comes around here, and it goes right through here. Well, my friend had a skip jack—fiberglass skip jack. That’s a boat I told you about earlier. And it was brand new. It didn’t have the bow cap on it. Boat comes to a point at the bow, and you have a little cap that goes on it right there. It’s a decorative cap over the bow. It’s usually aluminum or something like that. Well, now you’ve got this boat with bare fiberglass bow sticking out like this, and it’s sharp. I was right there in front of the Sanford Boat Works, and my friend was running the boat, and because he just got it, he wanted me to stand on the bank and watch the boat run by, to watch how she was running in the water. So he ran by a couple of times, and then he wanted me to run it, so he could stand on the bank and watch it run. So I ran the boat, and when I came back, he wanted to do it one more time, so he ran the boat, and the wind was blowing that day, and I was standing right at the water’s edge. Water was low. There was a bluff bank about four feet high right to my rear. So the bank came at one level, dropped 90 degrees down to a very short four-foot beach to the water. You follow me? Motta Yeah. Martin So now I’m standing on this little beach in front of this big bluff bank behind me. My friend makes a circle and comes back with this boat with a[sic] 80-horse Mercury on it, and he slows it down. He’s just gonna let it come right down to the beach there. Well, he came in a little bit hot. So I reached out to get a hold of the bow of the boat to slow it down as it come in, and it just shoved that hand right into that bank, and it almost took those two fingers off. And that’s what those scars are right there. It just about amputated that half of my hand, when that boat pinched my hand between the bow and that dry muck bank back there. [laughs] Motta It seems like you had a lot of injuries with your hands. Didn’t that, like, prevent you from doing basic boating… Martin Sure. Yeah. It’d cripple you up for a while. It sure would, boy. Motta Did you ever have to, like, stop fishing for a while? Martin Yeah. I was skinning fish one time. The way we’d clean the fish, you would take the fish, you’d cut him right behind the head here on both sides. And you would have a reverse hook on a ramp. So you got a little ramp with a reverse hook on it. You would hook that fish on that hook, take a pair of skinners, and pull that hide off the catfish and throw him in the stack, and then you would take his head off and gut him and he goes into the last process, you see. Well, I was skinning fish one night at the Sanford Boat Works. I had a little hook set up out there, and right under my hand right here is what we called a “red cat.” Now, a red cat is what they call—some people call them “brown bullheads,” “spotted catfish” —and they have red meat. The meat’s red, but it’s good. And that red cat was right there, and I was skinning that fish. Well, the skinner slipped off the hide, and my hand went right down the back of that fish, and that fin was sticking up I just told you about. And it went almost through my hand. When I got that taken care of—and like usual not going to a doctor—I rubbed some stuff on it, bandaged it up, and I was crippled up where I couldn’t hardly use that hand. Well, in about three days, it got all swelled up. My fingers got real tight like they were gonna split open. And it got red, boy. I mean, it was hot. And finally, I went to the doctor, and the doctor got all over my case. He said, “Twenty-four more hours, we’d have taken that hand off.” He said, “You’ve got blood poisoning in that hand.” He was not nice to me. He seemed like he was offended. They pumped me full of antibiotics, and got that taken care of. And I’ll tell you another time, a stingray—I had a stingray on a hook, and I was trying to take him off, ‘cause I didn’t want to hurt him, and that was not a smart thing to do. So, I rolled my hand under his back and turned him belly up, thinking he couldn’t get me with that tail. It’d be hanging out here in the air. And I’m over here trying to take that hook out of his mouth, and he run that spike right in that knuckle right there, and buried it in that knuckle, and gave me a good shot of his poison. Well, I was bleeding pretty good[sic], and I got rid of that scenario. Cut the string and threw him over. And about that time, I had a girlfriend. She was out there with me. And she said, “You better go ‘n’ have that taken care of.” And I’m like, “No. It’s all right. I’m okay.” Well, we kept fishing, and after a while, my wrist got to hurting, and then my elbow got to hurting, and I started rocking. You know, I didn’t want her to see it. She said, “You’re hurting. We’d better go right now.” So by the time we got to the boat ramp, I couldn’t hardly get the boat up on the boat trailer, ‘cause now it’s hurting up here under my shoulder. And we went right straight down, right to my house, and parked the boat, got in her car, and took me to the hospital. They gave me an IV of Benadryl, morphine, and some other stuff, because of the infectious poison that the stingray had. So that’s another thing a commercial fisherman doesn’t want to do is a stingray. Motta And there’s—I didn’t know there were freshwater stingrays in. This was in the lake? Martin Yeah. Lake Jesup, Lake Monroe are just thick with stingrays. Motta Oh. I never knew that. Martin Yeah. If you fish with worms or a protein-type bait—worms, shrimp, snail, meat of anything—throw that on the bottom, you’ve got a good chance of catching a stingray. Now, I know you’re running out of time, but I’ll tell you how the stingrays got here, because a lot of people don’t know, and I’m a reader. I read. I try—I’m not very educated, but I try to educate myself. And I read a book by Bill Belleville, and he wrote this book on nothing but the St. John’s River and the history thereof. Motta Do you remember the title of it? Martin Yeah, River of Lakes[: A Journey on Florida's St. Johns River]. And the St. John’s River originates over there just west of Melbourne. And at one time, the St. John’s River used to run directly into the Atlantic Ocean in an easterly fashion. The whole east coast of Florida literally rose up—this is probably millions of years ago, but they’ve done studies and they know this—thus forming the St. John’s River basin. And the river had to go somewhere, so it meandered, and it found its way out at Jacksonville. Now, when it did that, it encapsulated a lot of salt water. It was a saltwater marsh. Well, those stingrays were there. There were stingrays, there were mullet, and there were seahorses, and there were all kind of saltwater animals living in this saltwater marsh that eventually turned into the St. John’s River. So these stingrays that are here, most people think they come up from Jacksonville. They didn’t come up from anywhere. They’ve always been here. So that’s how the stingrays, the American eel, small seahorses—a few, not many—-mullet, stripers, croakers, are saltwater fish. There have been sightings of tarpon in Lake Harney. Motta Man, and a lot of these, they stay in—pretty low to the, like the lake bed? So they’re pretty much out of sight a lot, right? Like the stingrays and the eels. Martin Yeah, they’re bottom-dwellers. Motta Yeah. So, a lot of people wouldn’t know that they’re there. Martin That’s right. I mean, a stingray can swim clear to the surface. There are stingrays in the ocean, where they jump clear of the water. But these stingrays, if you’re not looking for them, you basically don’t know they’re there. But you don’t want to step on one of them, brother, ‘cause he’ll put that spike in your ankle. And these aren’t large stingrays, like in the ocean. They’re only about—a big one might be a foot to 14 inches wide—would be a big one. Motta [laughs] Learned something new. Martin They’re a nuisance on a trot liner, ‘cause if you don’t float that trot line up off the bottom, where they’ll swim under it. If you put that bait on the bottom, my gosh, you’ll have a whole string, trot. Motta Do they ever get caught in the traps, or like eels ever get in those traps? Martin That’s a good question. There are actually—some of the commercial fishermen, which I never did, they have what they call “eel pots.” They have designed traps to actually catch the eels here, and they send them to England. They eat a lot of eels in England. They do some kind of jelly with our eels or something crazy. I don’t know. But he’s called the American eel. He’s harmless. And a big one would be probably two and a half feet, I guess. But they actually—it seems like they have actually shut down the eeling in Lake Monroe, for some reason. Probably population’s down. I don’t know what it is, but for a long time, the commercial fisherman was putting out eel pots, or eel traps, and trapping the American eel as well. Motta Wow. Well, to—let me just ask you one last question, then. Kind of on a personal note. Do you have any—well, could you just tell me—it seems like you have a lot of experience on the lakes and the water. Personally, what was your favorite aspect of it? Like nature aspect or just your personal opinion. I would love to know. Martin Yeah. I’m glad you asked me that, because I have an answer. This is gonna be different than probably any commercial fisherman that you interview. Only because it’s different, not because my opinion is better. I’m a humble guy. I’m not in this for the heroes. But, many a night, when I would get through running my trot line, baiting it, sometimes I’d put the trot line out, and then bait it out there and go home. Well sometimes, it might be a full moon or thereabouts—beautiful out there—when I got through working out there. I’d take my boat and I’d go all up in the nooks and crannies with my big light, and watch the wildlife. And I could tell you some alligator stories. An alligator attacked my boat one night, but it was my fault. I provoked him. But it’s too long. I’ll tell you later. But anyway, I would appreciate nature. I saw a rabbit one night, on the bank in a place called Woodruff Creek. And the rabbit was on the riverbank eating a piece of grass—just one long piece of grass. He was just sitting there. And you know, a rabbit can eat a piece of grass and never move his hands. He’ll just kind of ingest the whole thing. He was doing that, and the grass was getting shorter and shorter, but the unique thing about this particular rabbit was when I shined the light on him—I wish I had had a camera, photography, the ability to take a picture—there was a halo of mosquitoes around this rabbit that were illuminated by the light. He didn’t pay them any mind at all. They can’t get to his fur, you see. So he was just—they didn’t matter. But the mosquitoes sensed that he was there, but they couldn’t get to him. So the rabbit was eating his grass in the nighttime, and this big giant halo of mosquitoes—not blind mosquitoes, these were bloodsuckers—trying to get to this rabbit. And I just—that picture in my mind will never go away. Motta Stuck with you? Martin He just was having dinner. [laughs] Motta Oh, well thank you for talking with us, coming in. Definitely taped a lot of this, so again, thank you for coming in and talking. Martin Well, you know, it’s been a pleasure. But the downside is—I just regret the history that is gonna be missed, because we only had an allotted time to do this. And I’ll still try to put some things together on paper, and you can drop by and give them to Ms. Kim [Nelson] up there or something. I wanna draw you some illustrations as to how the trot lines were made. Motta Oh, that would be great. Martin Now I’ve thought about donating that monkey to you guys. I guess I mentioned that earlier. Are you interested in having that machine? Motta Oh, yeah. Martin It’s about that long. Coverage Lake Jesup, Florida Lake Monroe, Florida Longwood, Florida Sanford Boat Works & Marina, Sanford, Florida Waits' Fish House, Lake Mary, Florida alligators American eels Archie Smith Bill Belleville Black Hammock Fish Camp boating the line Bobby Martin Camay soaps catfish catfish farming catfish farms catfishing Cecil Dile Clarence Coir commercial fishermen commercial fishing Daniel Motta Dog Track Road eel pots eeling electrolysis action fish fish traps fishers fishing fishing empty hooks game wardens gators hoop nets hyacinths jump lining Lake Harney Lake Jesup Lake Monroe Longwood monkey fishing monkey machines Mullet Lake Park Museum of Seminole County History oxidation pesticides poaching pollution Sanford Sanford Boat Works & Marina ship stores shotgun houses shrimp shrimp trawls shrimping skip jacks snails SR 17-92 St. Johns River State Road 17-92 stay lining stingrays Tampa trot lines Tuskawilla Road Vietnam War Waits' Fish House Woodruff Creek https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/f43dd3ead248d73260c9417e22932733.mp3 07bf000d5fafe5f140599ce88250f2ce https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/12f11ded7ba8c6c0fcf667e14d16e0c8.pdf 9e250f1acd140110b28c5b4238fbc920 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Longwood Collection Alternative Title Longwood Collection Subject Longwood (Fla.) Description Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of Longwood, Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around. The first European and Euro-American settlers arrived in present-day Longwood in the early 1870s. Its town founding settlers were John Neill Searcy of Tennessee and Edward Warren Henck of Boston, Massachusetts, both of which arrived in 1873. Henck was a railroad businessman, hotel owner, and real estate promoter, and he was later elected the first Mayor of Longwood in 1885. Henck was instrumental in bringing the South Florida Railroad to Longwood. Although Longwood enjoyed growth from the railroad, the Great Freeze of 1894-1895 caused many citizens to leave Central Florida. However, the area experience growth again during the 1910s and 1920s. In 1923, the Town of Longwood was incorporated as a city. Longwood experienced decline during the Great Depression, and the city failed to dis-incorporate after its bank failed in 1932. Growth returned to Longwood during World War II, thanks to the development of the Naval Air Station (NAS) Sanford and the Orlando Air Army Base, which was later renamed the Naval Training Center (NTC) Orlando. Prosperity increased again the 1960s and 1970s, due to the expansion of the military industry, the establishment of the space industry in nearby Brevard County, and the opening of Walt Disney World. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Longwood, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Contributor <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/44" target="_blank">Seminole County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. External Reference "<a href="http://www.longwoodfl.org/content/1115/151/147/default.aspx" target="_blank">A Brief History of Longwood</a>." City of Longwood, Florida. http://www.longwoodfl.org/content/1115/151/147/default.aspx. Central Florida Society for Historical Preservation. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/48909279" target="_blank">Longwood</a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 2001. Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer Youngers, Stephanie Interviewee Bistline, Mary Carolyn Location <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a>, Sanford, Florida. Bit Rate/Frequency 1411kbps Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Oral History of Mary Carolyn Bistline Alternative Title Oral History, Bistline Subject Longwood (Fla.) Miami (Fla.) Lakeland (Fla.) Teachers--Florida Historic preservation--Florida Educators--Florida Description An oral history of Mary Carolyn Bistline (b. 1928), conducted by Stephanie Youngers on December 10, 2010. Bistline was born on December 22, 1928, in Memphis, Tennessee, but has spent most of her life in Florida. In this interview, Bistline discusses growing up in Miami, the economic and social development of Miami, going to college and getting married, migrating to Longwood, her career in education, the history of her family and her husband's family, the Central Florida Society for Historic Preservation, her husband and children, opening Oak Tree Preschool, and her children and grandchildren. Table Of Contents 0:00:00 Introduction and biographical information 0:01:46 Growing up in Miami 0:04:53 Development of Miami 0:05:48 Brother in Coral Gables 0:06:49 College, marriage, and migrating to Longwood 0:08:02 Career in education 0:10:22 Raising her children 0:11:02 Family history 0:17:50 Parents and siblings 0:21:52 Going to college and working in the library 0:22:56 Meeting her husband, Fred 0:25:19 Community involvement 0:27:03 Central Florida Society for Historic Preservation 0:29:26 Husband’s employment history 0:31:42 Woman’s Club and the City League Building 0:36:02 History in Longwood 0:37:19 Opening Oak Tree Preschool 0:40:44 Children and grandchildren 0:46:37 Closing remarks Abstract Oral history interview of Mary Carolyn Bistline. Interview conducted by Stephanie Youngers at the <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a>, Sanford, Florida. Type Text Source Original 48-minute and 15-second oral history: Bistline, Mary Carolyn. Interviewed by Stephanie Youngers. December 10, 2010. <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a>, Sanford, Florida. Requires Multimedia software, such as <a href="http://www.apple.com/quicktime/download/" target="_blank"> QuickTime</a>. <a href="https://get.adobe.com/reader/" target="_blank">Adobe Acrobat Reader</a> Is Part Of <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a>, Sanford, Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/43" target="_blank">Longwood Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Creator Youngers, Stephanie Bistline, Mary Carolyn Date Created 2010-12-10 Date Modified 2014-09-17 Date Copyrighted 2010-12-10 Format audio/mp3 application/pdf Extent 487 KB 187 KB Medium 48-minute and 15-second audio recording 19-page typed digital transcript Language eng Mediator History Teacher Provenance Originally created by Stephanie Youngers and Mary Caroline Bistline. Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by the <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> External Reference Central Florida Society for Historical Preservation. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/48909279" target="_blank">Longwood</a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 2001. "<a href="http://www.longwoodfl.org/content/1115/151/147/default.aspx" target="_blank">A Brief History of Longwood</a>." City of Longwood, Florida. http://www.longwoodfl.org/content/1115/151/147/default.aspx. Transcript Youngers Today is December 10, 2010. My name is Stephanie Youngers and we’re here at the Museum of Seminole County History doing an interview with Mrs. [Mary] Carolyn Bistline. How are you, Mrs. Bistline? Bistline I’m fine. Thank you. Youngers And if you’d like to start with where and when you were born? Bistline Oh. It asks my name—I have your little paper here, and I’m seeing that it says your name, and I usually mention to some people when it’s important and necessary for the record that my first name is Mary, but I’ve never gone by that name. My middle name’s Carolyn and that is how I’ve always been recognized. My birthday is three days before Christmas, and so there were carolers outside when I was born, and that’s why my mother decided on Carolyn. Youngers Very nice. Bistline And that was in 1928. In the Dark Ages. I was born in Memphis, Tennessee. My dad had little desire for farm life, and they were living in the Carolinas. But he was good at mechanics, and so he took a chance to move from South Carolina—before I was born to Memphis—with an offer for a job where he got on a newspaper. However, the job didn’t last all that long, and so we moved back to the farm when I was about four, I think. And my little brother came along. That was in Clemson, which is formally called Central[, South Carolina]. I don’t think they call it that anymore, but that was the little town on the side of the road. And then we moved to Miami when he was about a year old, which I think was 1936. I’m not sure of my brother’s age precisely. Bistline So, I essentially grew up in Miami, which was just starting to boom. We thought it was a big city. We went there, but it wasn’t as big then as it came to be as I grew up. In our little neighborhood—or our community—we were happy and knew all our neighbors. No worries about crime. I went to Santa Clare[sic]<a title="">[1]</a> Elementary and Robert E. Lee Junior High School and rode my bike and we loved going to the beach and the skating rink, etcetera. But in starting high school, I decided to attend Miami Senior High [School], which was not the nearest school to our home. This meant I had to ride the bus downtown, and then take another bus across town. And the bus stop was several blocks from my home. So, I had to go early every day to make it there, but I loved the school. I was in the chorus and several clubs, and very active at Miami Senior High School. Now they have several Miami high schools, among others. I don’t know if you’ve ever been to Miami… Youngers I have. Bistline You have. Well, there’s more than one. This is the northeast section of Miami where I went. And I lived in northwest. Youngers Oh, goodness. Bistline But the Andrew Jackson [High School] was nearest to me, and I didn’t want to go there. As it turns out, my brother ended up going to [Miami] Edison [Senior High School], which was not too far away, and we were bitter rivals. So we played football, we were both on each side, even in the band. I visited, when I was in high school, a military high school in Atlanta[, Georgia], because I was dating a young student there—a young man that I had gotten acquainted with at church. And I really enjoyed going there, because I got to see a real military-type formation. They did all the things. They did first—and then the dress parade, and the graduation and the dance afterwards. Of course, there were stipulations how I had to dress. I had to wear a picture hat, which was the big straw hat, you know—it’s called a “picture hat” at that time—with flowers on the crown. And the long gown. I remember again, I was having been raised in Miami, that I was inclined not to wear hosiery, unless I was wearing… Youngers That’s because it’s too warm. Bistline Well, I had them. But I hadn’t put them on, because I thought that with the long dress, I wouldn’t need them. And so his sister came in to see and check on me, and I was getting dressed, because this was very formal, and she said, you’re not wearing your stockings. And I said, “Do I need them?” She said, “Absolutely, yes.” [laughs] So I really learned that this was military life, and that was the way they were. They were very formal. But I did enjoy it, and I dated him for really several years. Youngers And this was when you were in high school? Bistline Yes. But everything really began to develop land-wise and population-wise in Miami when World War II started. So there were a lot of servicemen in our church in Downtown Miami. So I dated mostly servicemen. And so it went to where I had been dating steadily with this boyfriend, I went to dating others. Miami became a [inaudible] city. Too big. Too much traffic. And there was an influx of Cubans, and later Haitians. And Miami Beach—having been made of Jewish folks mostly from New York, and etcetera—was taken over, you might say, by servicemen. Navy, Army, Air Force. And South of Miami—Homestead—also became service-occupied. Did you say you had been to Miami, or you had been… Youngers Yes. Bistline You know something about it? Youngers I’ve been to Biscayne Bay. I’ve been to Coconut Grove. Been to various places down there. Bistline My brother lives in Coral Gables. He’s an attorney, and now in the process of semi-retirement. A liaison, you might say, or mediator, in the circuit courts and so on. Just something to do. He’s really not handling, but he used to handle civil cases and had to learn Spanish while he was along the way. He drove downtown from the Gables every day, and then when he got to Flagler, he would drive up into the parking garage and park it and then go upstairs and cross Flagler to his office in the federal building. And when he was through with his day at work, he’d come back across—three or four stories up over Flagler—the walkway, and then get in the car and in the garage and drive back to Coral Gables. Youngers Right. Wow. Bistline Because he avoided downtown anymore. But when we were little, we went downtown to church, we’d get our shopping downtown and everything. We weren’t cautious or worried about it. But in 1946, I graduated, and then I went to Florida Southern College in Lakeland, Florida. And it’s a lovely, quiet, small town, which I liked. And I met Fred [Bistline] and dated him for a year. We married in 1949, after he graduated. We lived off-campus for a year since I had one more year of college. And I graduated in 1950, in the spring, already expecting. And in September of 1950, our first child was born in Lakeland. In December of 1950, we moved to Longwood, because Fred had a chance to get on with Minute Maid Corporation, and he was into citrus. He was one of the first ones to go into citrus school there on campus. And so we’ve lived there ever since—here, in other words, where we live now—for 59 years in the same house, ever since. We actually stayed in a little guest cottage before we could build on their property, the Bistlines. I started teaching in the old Lyman School, which is[sic] of course been torn down, and that was the school that Fred attended all 12 years. He played football there. He grew up in that school, because that was first [grade] through 12th [grade] at that time. And I taught second grade. And during my high school year, I had worked as a clerk in a 10-cent store, as we used to call it—Woolworth’s in Downtown Miami, as a file clerk in a furniture store—my uncle’s—and I also worked one summer in the office at the church in Downtown Miami. And I also did a lot of babysitting. But when I went to college, I decided to be a teacher. I had always thought I wanted to do that. So I received a degree in Elementary Education and Early Childhood [Education], and that was a very, very hard year—my first year of teaching. And it was a very extremely hard time for me. But I’m glad I stayed with it, because I became a teacher and have been for all these years. Youngers And you stayed at Lyman for the whole time? Bistline No, I taught one year at Lyman and I had a downstairs basement room, really, with stairs to climb to come and go. And I had a young boy who was paralyzed from the waist down, and I had to get him up under his armpits and lift him and drag him up those stairs to get him to the top level and put him in a little chair with casters on it—because he was paralyzed—and take him to the bathroom down the hall. And of course, I would always not quite make it in time, and then all high school boys would be in there between classes, and they’d say, “Mrs. Bistline, get out of the boy’s bathroom.” And I’d say, “I’m sorry, but I’m here because I have to get this little guy in and out. “And I’d try to go between classes, but I couldn’t always make it, so—but I remember how Chucky was so dearly loved by all of our other students, because they could take him in the wagon, and they could pull him—we had an outside door to the playground, and he would bring his cowboy hat and guns, and pretend he was a cowboy. And they would pull him around, and take turns. Just loved to be able to be the one to take Chucky for a ride. We really adored him. Youngers Where did you go after Lyman? Bistline After I left Lyman—I’ll get into that a little bit later. I went to stay at home for a while and had another child, a little girl. And at that time, it was really—I felt—in my best interest not to put my children in a school, or in a place where, anyway… Youngers Childcare. Bistline Mm-hmm. Childcare. I didn’t think they were really well set-up. I didn’t really like them an awful lot, so I stayed home as much as I could with them—my children—when they were born to when they were about of age to go to preschool. Bistline Now you asked, there’s a question here about your family history. And I don’t know how I got onto that, because I wanted to try to go by your questions. And I see it there—number three—on the page… Youngers Oh, it’s fine. Bistline Oh, I’m trying to keep my head on by writing this all down, because I’m not good at remembering things. Anyway, number 10 says—my family history. And so I wrote down some things, which I’ve just told you and Kim [Nelson] about a few minutes ago before we started officially here. I’m trying to have it researched now, and a lady and I—a local historic society is doing genealogies. But when she did mine, she traced names and birth dates only, back to the 1700s, which was interesting, but I’m curious about the occupations they had, and the birthplaces, some of which she did find. So I’m going to have to find someone who will delve further back, maybe, and find out what the people did, their jobs. And then one of the next questions on your list—“Do you know any stories about how your family first came to Seminole County?” Well, that would be my husband—and I’ll tell a little bit about him—my husband Fred and his mother Adeline Alvina Niemeyer, were born in Longwood. So my husband’s brother John [Bistline, Jr.] —whom you’ve met, I’m sure—was born in Longwood. And he has studied the Bistline side of our family background with a lot of help from several cousins—Bistlines in Pennsylvania—who really came up with a lot of information. Fred’s father, Mr. John Aaron Bistline, from Pennsylvania, came to Longwood in answer to an ad from the founding father of Longwood to get a job. He started working with Mr. Niemeyer, who had a general store, and eventually married his daughter, Adeline. That was Fred’s mother. Mr. Frederick Niemeyer had married as Ms. Clouser, who was related to the master carpenter, Clouser, who was hired by Mr. Hink to build the hotel, and most of the houses in Longwood, the chapel in Altamonte [Springs], among others. We now own the Clouser cottage [Josiah Clouser House], and hope to keep it in the family in Longwood. Mr. Bistline, Fred’s father, grew orange trees, had quite a large acreage, and raised squabs, which were specialty birds for eating in hotels. Have you ever heard of squabs? Youngers I haven’t ever heard of a squab. Bistline Okay. It’s a baby pigeon, is what it really is. That’s what it’s called—a squab. I don’t really know how it’s derived. But they would take care of them by wringing their necks—I guess it was—like we do chickens sometimes, and they would pack them in ice, and ship them north each week by train from Winter Park. Youngers Oh! Bistline So my husband would get up early hours in the morning and help his father, because they had to pick them and ship them as soon as they did to keep them fresh, and they had to be a certain age, and a certain size. If they got too big, they became very tough, and so people don’t usually eat pigeon. But squabs are different. They’re very tender if you get them at a young age. And it was—that day also would have them in the hotels here that he raised and started his business. Then he got started and shipping them north, and so they would take them in a wagon, pack them in ice box, crates, and take them in the wagon to Winter Park and have them shipped out once a week. So, another thing about Mr. Bistline—J. A. Bistline, Sr. —is that he started raising prize poultry as a hobby. And he became immersed in communicating with other men doing the same thing all over the world. And he won all sorts of awards, trophies, and prizes. Raised excellent expertise in raising silver-laced Wyandottes. <a title="">[2]</a> And these are beautiful, big, very regal-looking birds. Usually the roosters—the cocks, as they call them—with the large red cockade on their heads, and stripes along the sides. Feathers which might look lacey. They were in little rows, like on their feathers. I have pictures. And a lot of trophies. And some of these awards and letters from different countries—men soliciting information about Mr. Bistline about how he raised this beautiful poultry, because he won so many prizes and so many trophies and awards. And that’s a funny kind of an occupation to have, but it was a hobby, really, because he had the orange trees and the squab farm. We had over two thousand birds in that squab farm at one time. And so that was quite a job for Mr. Bistline and for Fred. John didn’t help very much there, John was always helping his mother. So, anyway, Mr. Bistline was also very community-oriented, and he was on the town council in Longwood for at least, I think, 20 years. I’m not sure. He was active in church choir—an elder, a Sunday school teacher. He played trombone in a band. Now, I have a picture of him on the stage at our building—the City League Building, we called it—in Longwood. And he was on the Seminole County School Board for 19 years. Mrs. Bisltine—or Addy, as she was called—went to Rollins [College], and she played piano. I have a picture of her doing a concert. And she played piano and sang in the choir, and she was a charter member of the Woman’s Club [of Longwood] and officer most every year—some sort of officer. And her mother was the same way, Frances Niemeyer. So it was accepted that when I married Fred and came there with him to live that I become a member of the Woman’s Club immediately, and be active in the church. Now, it mentions on your list my background and my parents. My father was the newspaperman. And he inspired—he was probably inspired—I mean, possibly by his rich Uncle Vernon. We have a book on him. He was in the Midwest as an editor of a newspaper. But my dad’s mother had died when my dad was born, as was his twin brother. He died also. And since he had another older brother and four sisters, his father sent him as a tiny infant to live with Aunt Fannie. Doesn’t everybody always have an Aunt Fannie? In Pelzer, South Carolina. And so he told me some stories about how she carried him around on a pillow, because he was so tiny, and she nursed him to health and kept him there till he was almost nine. By the age of nine, he was on his own, I was told. Youngers Wow. Bistline Somehow, he worked on farms and moved about, and received minimum education. But then he met my mother, Hettie Catherine Hollis, in Central—or Clemson—South Carolina. And they married, and he went back to the farm business again, and they lived there on the farm. My mother went to Furman University, and studied business. And when my brother was born, I was ecstatic, because I hadn’t been told before. So when the doctor drove in under his [Ford] Model T, and saw my playing under the giant walnut tree, and he told me he brought me something in a little black bag, and I would get to see it later. Youngers That’s a good story. Bistline I loved my little brother. And I tried to help my mother to look after him. I remember when we built a house in Miami, after renting for a while, there were beds of scorpions in the palmettos when my dad started the dig the foundation—the coral rock, which is solid down there. He, being from South Carolina—or actually, he was born in Georgia—was not familiar with the conditions, and he was stung many times by the red ants and insects, scorpions and all, and finally decided that the rock was the foundation, because he couldn’t remove it with a pickaxe. When we got the walls up and the roof on, we moved in with the spiders and the snakes as well, and one night, my little brother stepped on a scorpion and it stung him, and being about a year old maybe, he didn’t know what was happening, and he just kept stepping up and down on that scorpion. These bugs—the scorpions—were very large, not tiny. Sometimes, we see them around here in Central Florida, but they’re very small, and very seldom do we see them. But these are large, large ones. Many two to three inches long, and had a lot of venom. His feet were swollen for weeks and we kept putting ice on them and carrying him around for long time, but he finally got well—survived. So, as we developed a neighborhood there, we were fortunate ultimately in having a very nice home. Improved on our home a great deal, and my dad built additions on, and it became a nice building. We had great childhoods—my brother and I. Sometimes we did have a slight problem, because my father’s brother divorced and brought his four children to live with us at once time. And that was pretty hard. His youngest daughter was three months older than I was and she and I got along pretty well most of the time. But we were more like sisters I think in that we would fight occasionally. We love each other now to death. We have a lot memories, and nice memories. And he finally moved out and took one of the children with him. Anyway, we basically grew up together there for several years down home. And then I went to summer camp at Florida Southern and that’s when I decided I wanted to go to college. So I’m backtracking a little bit here, because I mentioned it earlier. Youngers That’s okay. Bistline I entered as a freshman and joined a sorority right away—Alpha Delta Pi—and I enjoyed campus life and dated a lot. But because my uncle divorced and went to Miami with three children to live with my parents, I just decided to work part-time in the college library to help with my college tuition, and I learned a lot with that. Youngers Oh, okay. Bistline Learned a lot about library books and how to catalog them. I had a little old lady who was probably 90 [years old], who was very, very strict. And she would make me look at those numbers until I was blue in the face, and so tired of trying to type them and keep the numbers straight. And I wasn’t a good typist. I would almost cry. I would get so tired of it. Finally, I got to be on the floor and handle books and see people, because I like people. Okay. Next question. “How has it changed over the years?” Well, I don’t know where that goes. I have number six there. I’ll just go with what I have in my notes here. One day, while standing in line at the campus cafeteria, I was chatting with friends, one of whom was talking to her boyfriend—she was the campus homecoming queen. And she introduced us. And he in turn introduced us to his roommate, and that was Fred. He and the roommate lived off-campus working part-time in a science lab, located on the grounds there, while attending school on the GI Bill [Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944]. They both were from Longwood. Charlie Stum was his roommate, famously know in Longwood for Stum’s Corner, where they used to live. She was not a very nice woman—his mother. Charlie’s now in Polk County and on the staff at the university there—the college there. So, I had never heard of Longwood. And we chatted a while, and when my friend and I left, I felt something pulling me on my ribbon sash from behind. And I guess it was tied in the back. Anyway, he was trying to catch up with us, so he pulled on that, and I realized—I looked around and caught him trying to catch up, and looked at him kind of funny, and he thought that was funny. So anyway, we laughed and we stopped to talk and then he asked me out. Our first date was to attend a play in town called Everyman, and dinner later at the town cafeteria. That was a big deal in Lakeland, because that was all they had then. Now, trying to get to the family here. Your question is, “Does your family have any heirlooms or keepsakes?” When Fred’s mother passed away, I was given permission, along with John’s wife [Mary Bistline], to share some of her jewelry—his mother’s—and porcelain figurines and dishes, photo albums, which I really treasure. And silverware and other stuff. So I was very glad to share and still have most of that. That was some time ago when she died. Now, number 19—question is, “What kind of local events and gatherings were there?” Youngers In Longwood. Bistline We were active in the Central Florida Society for Historic Preservation. We were charter members. And Fred was the very first treasurer, and then a trustee. And I was a docent, as well as a secretary and head of several different committees. We were active in our church, also. He was Superintendent of Sunday Schools, and I was a Sunday school teacher. Eventually, we were both ordained as elders. We were active in [Boy] Scouts [of America]. Fred had been a scout as a boy. I was a Cub Scout mother and leader of the Cub pack, also leader of the Brownie Scouts and Cadets, which I think now are called “Intermediates.” I think that’s what they’re called, anyway. Fred was a member of the Indian Guides. He was one of the dads, and he was a timekeeper at swim meets. Our second son got a scholarship from swimming. He followed through. He was very good at swimming. So we were both workers with the booster club at Lyman High School, where Fred went. And I was—for a short time, I was a helper with A[lpha] D[elta] Pi at UCF[University of Central Florida], which at that time was called FTU—Florida Technological University. I was always active in educator’s associations. President one year of Seminole County for Children Under Six—now, that’s not quite right. I’m sure it’s Seminole County Association for Children Under Six, which ultimately became part of the 4C [Community Coordinated Care for Children, Inc.] program now in existence, and I helped start that. I enjoyed that. Youngers When did you all start the Central Florida Society for Historic Preservation? Bistline In ‘73, I think it was. And the reason for that being that we wanted to move this house that was up for grabs for the fire department to use… Youngers The Bradlee-McIntyre House? Bistline And so, it was either ‘73, ‘75? No, I think it was ‘73 that we moved the house. I’m not really sure. It was right in there, that we moved the Bradlee-Mac house from Altamonte Springs to Longwood, and we also got the inside house while we were at it. We had to chip in, of course, a lot of our own money, and the move was quite large. Can’t remember his name—the man who did it—but it was quite an effort because, of course, because the Bradlee-Mac being three stories—Queen Anne. It was in terrible, terrible shape. I didn’t think to bring any pictures to show you today, but I do have pictures of how it looked before we moved it. Youngers I think I’ve seen some pictures of it. Bistline Okay. Youngers And it was in very bad shape. Bistline There was a man who lived in there, Bill Orr—he’s an artist. And I have pictures here where he had his—I don’t know if it’s a kerosene stove or not—but he had a pot sitting on it. Anyway, there were some pictures on the wall of the Beatles, or something like that. And you don’t really recognize or realize that’s the Bradlee-Mac house the way it looks now. You don’t realize until you find a few doorways and windows and things that you recognize. It comes to you that that’s the way it looked when it was going down. And after the move, we had to have power lines removed, or taken down. And a lot of trees had to be cut back, and a lot of hours spent on the road trying to move it. And there was just a small group of us, but we got it done. Of course, we were in the red for a lot of years afterwards, but we finally got ourselves in black. Fred was a member of the Board of the [Florida] Farm Bureau for over 40 years, because he’s into citrus. And he was with Minute Maid, and they later became connected to Coca-Cola—part of Coca-Cola. And he had been, more recently, traveling a lot and helping out Coca-Cola to look for properties suitable for orange trees. We went to China twice. We went to Africa a couple of times. And I got to go with him to some countries, because Coca-Cola was interested not only the cocoa part of it, but they were also at that time selling coffee. And so I went to Jamaica with him a time or two, and Mexico several times. So I got to travel too some in between raising children. Youngers Now was Minute Maid—was it located in Longwood? Bistline No. It was actually Orlando. It was a place called Fairvilla, which is still there. And he had an office there for a while, and then they moved to Plymouth—oh, I think they really were Plymouth first. I think that’s backwards. I think they were Plymouth first, and they had a packing plant over there and everything. And that was a little drive, but it was only 20 minutes then. Youngers Right. Bistline Now it takes at least half hour or more. Youngers So it’s really a commute. Bistline Yeah. And he worked over there for a lot of years, and then they moved to Fairvilla and then opened more plants and opened more, not necessarily more packing houses, but more plants. Concentrate was coming in then. That was real important then. And he helped to start that, had to help get the vats in and all that that they required for that. Youngers Mm-hmm. Bistline So, he was instrumental in the beginning of orange juice as we see it now, and concentrate, and then since then, fresh orange juice. It was almost, at that time, impossible to find. Then he became a kind of troubleshooter and consultant. Then I was president of the Woman’s Club for a couple of years, and instrumental in setting up the old-timer’s reunion once a year. This was a get-together of all the old-timers in Longwood, which we all loved. That was discontinued when the Woman’s Club disbanded. It was no feather in my cap that we had to give up, but we had dwindling numbers—membership—and most of the ladies were not able to drive or get out without help. And we’re getting up in years. We were just to the point where we couldn’t seem to get younger people in. They were busy working. We finally disbanded and we gave the building to the historic group in Longwood—Central Florida Society for Historic Preservation—with the provision that the building would eventually become a museum. It hasn’t happened yet. Youngers And is that the Bradlee-Mac House? Bistline No. It’s the City League Building. And it was the former Woman’s Club building, and we gave it away. Kind of regret that, sort of. But if we had tried to sell it, we didn’t know how we would divide the money, or what we would do. Where it would go. And there were so few members left that we didn’t seem to think that seemed fair. So I suggested we give it to the historic society, which we did, but it was with the provision that it become a museum. Now, we’re putting some things in there. We have a museum committee, of which I am a member and John is the president—my brother-in-law. We’re trying to get a museum set up and started. We’ve got some bulletin boards up and things, but they’re renting the building out now to society, because they did a whole lot of renovations. It was in pretty bad shape. So they spent a lot of money on it. So now they’re trying to make up that money that they spent by having people come in for weddings, and such as that. Bar-mitzvahs, other things. They do raise money, anyway. So right now, we’re not having much luck on getting—we don’t want to really put anything in there of any value, museum-wise, anyway. So we’re collecting a few things, but we’re basically just trying to do the bookwork that goes with it, and collect some information on people who helped start Longwood. And we’re putting together a little book, we’re calling it Footprints. And we’re trying to get some information together. And some, you might say—the basics, just right now, and hopefully we’ll someday have a museum in Longwood. I don’t know if it’ll happen before I’m gone, but we’re trying. Fred and I have also been active in the Seminole County Historic[al] Society—charter members there also. And I’ve been Recording Secretary at one time as well as Chairman of the Student Tours. Now, that goes with the society—the local group, the tours. CFSHP, which is Central Florida Society for Historic Preservation. I initiated tours—student tours—by visiting approximately 55 schools in the county, one by one, and introducing the history of the Longwood area for them, and setting up field trips by bus, through a grant. We had to work hard to get the grant. We’ve had as many as four days a week sometimes touring students through the town and/or the Bradlee-McIntyre House museum. It was I who introduced John and Mary [Bistline]—Fred’s brother—to the local group after he retired from New York, and they moved back to Florida and they became very active. I was raising four kids and teaching school, so I became less active for a while, and I’m again more active now since I retired from teachers. This getting too long? Youngers Nope. Bistline I’m proud to say that—now, number 21, you asked how historical events affected your family—community. Proud to say that we in Longwood were included in the Bicentennial Parade. The governors came through Florida in 1976. And I have some snapshots of a similar celebration in—I’m not sure if it was 1880—but Ulysses [S.] Grant came to visit, just for a day, in Longwood. His name is on the book at the hotel. We’re also proud of the Clouser heritage, hence the Niemeyers, and then the Bistlines, and pioneering the oldest city in Seminole County. The Clouser House has been acknowledged with a small plaque, and we had a little celebration at the City Hall, then Mayor Paul Lovestrand and other dignitaries—and our now-grown children, our four children have greater respect than when they were young, and appreciate the history of Longwood now. We put out a book, so we have some recognition, when we have our book on. And that’s our family on the front cover, the Niemeyers. Number 23 is, “Is there anything you’d like to discuss?” I just going to say—I’ve always wanted to have my own private kindergarten, so my husband agreed after some rentals we had were vacated, and he was tired of being a landlord anyway. So with some renovations to three small homes, we opened a school. We connected them all together, three little houses in a row, and we called it Oak Tree [Pre]School, because we have what is probably the largest tree, the live oak, anyway, in Seminole County. Youngers Oh! Bistline It’s supposed to be between 400 and 500 years old, according to a forester who came out in ‘88, and I’m trying to have that checked out now, because it’s been so long, I think it may have grown a little, and there was an article in the newspaper in The Orlando Sentinel, fairly recently, about a large live oak in Lake County, and according to the writer, there’s nobody in Seminole County who pushed through like they did there in the town council who worked on getting this tree recognized with some kind, you know… Youngers Oh, to protect it. Yes, mm-hmm. Bistline I called the writer—The Sentinel writer—to ask him and he talked with me and suggested names, one of which is a lady who works for the forestry service. And she’ll come out and measure for me which is the other one did, when I had this—but I had gotten the children out there and talked about the tree, and then they helped him measure. And they enjoyed that and they had a little—they gave me a plaque. And around that time—it must have been already. So I want to bring this back to attention in our little town of Longwood, and because it’s in our backyard. It’s not something you just invite the whole town to, but I do want them to know that they can come and see it, and be ready to mention it to anybody who’s interested in trees. And so I’m going to look forward to her coming. She’s coming after Christmas sometime to measure, and she said, by the way it sounds—with my measurements that I gave her—it sounds like it is one of the largest oak trees in the state. Youngers Wow. Bistline At least in the county, anyway. So we hope to have that recognized soon. And anyway, since I’ve been teaching in Seminole County for about eight or 10 years in public school at that time, I was disenchanted with all the paperwork, so I enjoyed revising the joining of these houses into one building, and making up the playground, etcetera. And I had that school for 11 years, we call it the Oak Tree Preschool. Well, actually, it came to be kindergarten. That’s my love, that’s my Early Childhood degree. But I had it for 11 years, but I gave it up after that, because even though I loved it very much, nobody wanted to pay tuition. They wanted to bring the children, but they didn’t want to pay. So it was just like—they thought it should be free, and I just let it go too long. I am a dedicated teacher, but I’m not a businessperson. So, I really let it go, and there were a lot of disappointed parents that we put a lot of money into, and we finally had to give up on that. Now, I was just wondering—when you ask if there’s anything else I would like to discuss, I realize I must not forget to mention our children, of which I am very proud. Walter Bistline, Jr. was born September 30, 1950, in Lakeland, and he’s now an attorney with several large law firms. But he’s been semi-retired and he was in New York City, where he got his law degree, and he went with White & Case. Then he moved to Dallas[,Texas], and opened and branch there, and later he went to Houston[,Texas], and opened a branch there, and now they live in Richmond, Indiana, and that’s because he found it on the computer—they have a photography studio there like, that he can go to there, because that’s his hobby. And so he’s on the faculty teaching photography and he judges shows, and they just came back from Turkey. Brought me this back from Turkey. Youngers Oh, very nice, yes. Bistline Did you know that tulips were grown originally in Turkey? Youngers I did not know that. Bistline All of us all think of Amsterdam[, the Netherlands] as the base for tulips. Youngers Very pretty. Bistline He and his wife bought that for me—a pendant with the tulip on it. And they’ve travelled, not only just to Turkey. They took a group of students there, and they stayed in England this time three months, but they were only in Turkey for a couple of weeks. But they do take students, say, a group like 25 students and sponsor them included. Well, they get sponsors, but they get help. This time, they got a flat to stay in in England—that was last summer. He’s travelled a lot. He’s been to China, he’s been around quite a lot in different places. Travels a lot. She’s also a lawyer. And then Frances [Bistline], our daughter, was born June 23, ‘53 in Sanford. And she has become an environmentalist and a magazine writer, and lately she’s been teaching school. She met Paul—her husband, Paul Stephen—at a church summer trip and went to Florida State University, lived in a co-op dorm, and then they married after graduation and moved to Naples[, Florida]. They lived there about 20 years. He’s a Clearwater guy, and he loves the water, so they did a lot of surfing, fishing, boating. You name it. And now they have moved to California, which I’m very sorry that they’ve done, but he’s looking for a new job, so they went out there. Youngers Oh, wow. That’s far away. Bistline Our next one was John Leland [Bistline], named after my husband’s brother and my brother. He’s a doctor of psychology, and he’s now working with insurance company. His wife is very, very sickly, so he has to stay home. Has his office there. He wrote a book. He met Kathy [Bistline] at Richmond University, at which time she was very, very into sports, and very strong. But she’s become ill with arthritis really bad now. They’re married in Virginia. Living there now. He’s really looking after Kathy himself. He’s her caregiver. Youngers And when was he born? Bistline He was born in 1955 in Sanford. And at that time—I have a picture of that old house that was the hospital in Sanford where they were born, he and Francie, and of course, it’s terrible, in bad shape. And when he was born, I had apparently just come out of a sleep afterwards, and they were going to bring him in, and they said they’d bring the babies in a few minutes. And all of a sudden, this rumble-rumble-rumble sound. And I said, “What in the world happened? My bed’s shaking.” And she said, “Oh, that’s just the elevator.” Youngers Oh, my goodness. [laughs] Bistline And it turned out my bed was near the elevator shaft. Whenever anybody went up or down on the elevator, it made my bed shake. Youngers Oh, I bet you couldn’t wait to get home. Bistline That’s exactly right. And then they brought him in and he was nine pounds and a half ounce and since you have a football player, I said, “That’s not mine.” Because Walter was only seven pounds and four and three quarters ounces, but they said, “Yes, this is yours.” So he’s a handsome young man and a big guy. He played football at Lyman, and as I say, they’re living there now. He’s in Richmond, Virginia, and Walter’s in Richmond, Indiana. Strange consequence. Jane [Bistline], our baby, was born in ‘65, December 4, 1965. And she went to Florida Southern College, where we went. And she was homecoming queen in high school. She’s a fitness instructor at the YMCA [Young Men’s Christian Association] now, and she does personal fitness in the home. She married Keith Reardon and they have three children. Two are twin boys—Keegan and Kamden. They’re now six, and Khloe is age nine. They all start with K’s. All of my four children attended Lyman High School, just as their dad had. And I have five grandchildren altogether. I lost Fred about a year ago, but I stayed busy and I have an active life. I meant to mention my granddaughters, Katie and Addie, now in their twenties. They don’t have any children yet. And one other little addition, I forgot to explain my teaching job sort of. I didn’t really go into that very much. But I did mention the old Lyman, when I had the base… Youngers Basement classroom? Bistline Yes. Thank you. [laughs] That was first through 12th grades, but then they started building new schools, so I went home and waited. I was inclined—I kept taking leaves to have family, and I taught one year at the old Lake Mary Elementary, which is also now gone. It was about 1957, I think it was. Then I taught at Altamonte Elementary for a lot of years—I figured, around 1966, but I’m not going to be able to remember it for sure—until I opened my private school in 1985. And had that for 11 years, and then I decided to retire. I don’t think I taught after that. I may have gone back to public school. I don’t remember. But anyway, I now serve on the Seminole County Historic Commission, and the Board of the Seminole County Historic Society, which I enjoy. And I’m interested in history, even though I hated it when I was in high school. That’s it. Youngers Is that all you have? Bistline That’s all I have. Youngers Alright, well thank you so much, Mrs. Bistline. Bistline Thank you for being patient with me. Youngers Absolutely. Bistline I was writing things and realizing how long I was writing and how much I was writing. And I thought, This is terrible. [laughs] Youngers Oh, it’s fine. <div> <div> <a title="">[1]</a> Santa Clara Elementary School. </div> <div> <a title="">[2]</a> Wyandotte chickens. </div> </div> Coverage Bradlee-McIntyre House, Longwood, Florida Florida Southern College, Lakeland, Florida Longwood, Florida Lyman School, Longwood, Florida Addy Niemeyer Adeline Alvina Niemeyer Alpha Delta Pi Altamonte Elementary School Bicentennial Parade Boy Scouts of America Carolyn Bistline Central, South Carolina Charlie Stum chickens City League Building Clouser Coca-Cola Coral Gables Downtown Miami Early Childhood Education elementary schools Fairvilla Florida Farm Bureau Florida Southern College Footprints Frances Neiemeyer Francis Bistline Francis Bistline Stephen Fred Bistline Hettie Catherine Hollis high schools Hink Hiram Ulysses Grant Jane Bistline Jane Bistline Reardon Jane Reardon John Aaron Bistline, Sr. John Bistline, Jr. John Leland Bistline Josiah Clouser House Kamden Reardon Keegan Reardon Keith Reardon Khloe Reardon Lake Mary Elementary School Lakeland Longwood Lyman High School Lyman School Mary Bistline Mary Carolyn Bistline Memphis, Tennessee Miami Miami Senior High School Minute Maid Corporation Museum of Seminole County History Oak Tree Preschool oak trees oaks Orr, Bill Paul Lovestrand Paul Stephen Pelzer, South Carolina pigeons Plymouth poultry preschools Robert E. Lee Junior High School Santa Clara Elementary School Seminole County Seminole County Historic Commission Seminole County Historical Society squabs Stephanie Youngers Stum’s Corner Ulysses S. Grant Walter Bistline, Jr. Women’s Club of Longwood World War II WWII Wyandotte chickens https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/fec9b77921e0994cce5dab2f6ab481bc.mp3 79c9c935661a1087d3454d4d4b43b337 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/44775ef5866d17ab7d73a7196eb445c7.pdf dfd59d2b2064be8b457d5917c8fff8b3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Linda McKnight Batman Oral History Project Collection Alternative Title Linda McKnight Batman Collection Subject Ocala (Fla.) Orlando (Fla.) Oviedo (Fla.) Port Tampa (Fla.) Sanford (Fla.) Silver Springs (Fla.) Titusville (Fla.) Zellwood (Fla.) Description Collection of oral histories depicting the history of Seminole County, Florida. The project was funded by Linda McKnight Batman, a former teacher, historian, and Vice President of the State of Florida Commission on Ethics. Language eng Type Collection Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> External Reference Museum of Seminole County History, and University of Central Florida. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/744676869" target="_blank">Researcher's Guide to Seminole County Oral Histories: Linda McKnight Batman Oral History Project</a>. [Sanford, Fla.]: Museum of Seminole County History, 2010. Contributor <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> Coverage Seminole County, Florida Ocala, Florida Oviedo, Florida Port Tampa, Florida Sanford, Florida Silver Springs, Florida Titusville, Florida Zellwood, Florida Contributing Project Linda McKnight Batman Oral History Project Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer Morris, Joseph Interviewee Cook, Arthurene Wilson Location <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a>, Sanford, Florida Bit Rate/Frequency 1411kbps Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Oral History of Arthurene Wilson Cook Alternative Title Oral History, Cook Subject Sanford (Fla.) World War II--United States Great Depression, 1929 Railroads--Florida Description An oral history of Arthurene Wilson Cook (b. 1930), conducted by Joseph Morris on October 4, 2011. Cook was born in Orlando, Florida, in 1930, but migrated to Sanford around 1942. In the interview, Cook discusses life in Sanford, her employment experiences, her husbands and children, growing up during the Great Depression, prosperity in the post-World War II era, her husband's career in the railroad industry, her children and grandchildren, and her battle with cancer. Table Of Contents 0:00:00 Introduction 0:04:15 Working at the Wilson-Maier Furniture Company 0:07:21 RECORDING CUTS OFF 0:07:22 Working at the Wilson-Maier Furniture Company 0:07:48 Working at Florida Fashions and the Family Loan Company 0:07:48 Getting married, divorced, and remarried 0:12:32 Life in Sanford 0:14:11 Growing up during the Great Depression 0:14:11 Post-World War II prosperity 0:16:31 Greater Orlando area 0:17:59 Working for the tax collector 0:21:54 Walt Disney World 0:26:50 Working at the Sanford Civic Center 0:28:28 Husband's career in the railroad industry 0:35:19 RECORDING CUTS OFF 0:35:19 Husband, children, and grandchildren 0:38:49 Battle with cancer 0:43:54 Closing remarks Abstract Oral history interview of Arthurene Wilson Cook. Interview conducted by Joseph Morris at the <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> in Sanford, Florida. Type Sound Source Original 44-minute and 42-second oral history: Cook, Arthurene Wilson. Interviewed by Joseph Morris. October 4, 2011. Audio record available. <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a>, Sanford, Florida. Requires Multimedia software, such as <a href="http://www.apple.com/quicktime/download/" target="_blank"> QuickTime</a>. <a href="https://get.adobe.com/reader/" target="_blank">Adobe Acrobat Reader</a> Is Part Of <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a>, Sanford, Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/123" target="_blank">Linda McKnight Batman Oral History Project Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Coverage Orlando, Florida Sanford, Florida Columbus, Georgia Wynwood, Sanford, Florida Magic Kingdom Park, Lake Buena Vista, Florida Sanford Civic Center, Sanford, Florida Creator Morris, Joseph Cook, Arthurene Wilson Contributor Vickers, Savannah Date Created 2011-10-04 Date Modified 2014-09-14 Date Copyrighted 2011-10-04 Format audio/mp3 application/pdf Extent 451 MB 146 KB Medium 44-minute and 42-second audio recording 15-page typed digital transcript Language eng Mediator History Teacher Civics/Government Teacher Economics Teacher Provenance Originally created by Joseph Morris and Arthurene Wilson Cook. Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by the <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> External Reference Sanford Historical Society (Fla.). <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/53015288" target="_blank">Sanford</a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 2003. Transcript Morris It is October 4th, 2011, and I am talking to Arthurene Wilson Cook at the Museum of Seminole County History. I am Joseph Morris, representing the Linda McKnight Batman Oral History Project for the Historical Society of Central Florida. Could you tell us about yourself? Cook Well, I was born in Orlando in 1930, and we lived there until I was about eleven years-old, right after Pearl Harbor, so I would say, we moved into Sanford about 1942. And, um, I have a very clear remembrance of Pearl Harbor, because I remember being out in the yard. And my parents had company, and I went in, and they were all listening to the radio. And they were talking about the Japanese were attacking Pearl Harbor. And the next day when we went to school, they called us into the chapel, and we listened to FDR [Franklin D. Roosevelt] declare war on Japan. So I can remember that very clearly. We moved to Sanford, and we lived on Celery Avenue. And across the street from us was the Department of Agriculture. Had their, their farm, where they raised the various types of vegetables and things, and they tested them and all that kind of stuff. And my brother and I were absolutely enthused, because right up the road about two blocks—and after our house the blocks became long—they[sic] were farms, and they had all this tilled land where the artesian wells flooded the fields and watered them from beneath, rather than on top. And you could reach down there and the artesian wells flowed all the time. Well, we thought all that sulfur water was wonderful. Then we had to live in a house that had sulfur water, and it was not wonderful. Smelled awful. [laughs] But we thought that this was new. We had never lived in the country. We had lived in town—in Orlando—so we were not used to being out, but we went all up and down the fields and cut onions out of the agriculture people’s farm, and made onion sandwiches, and were just carefree, barefooted kids having a good time. And, then when we moved to Sanford, I was I think in the fifth grade, and we were here for several years. And then, this is the middle of World War II. And my dad had been in the Army before, and had gotten out when he married my mother in 1927. So, he was drafted. And they were not drafting fathers, but they drafted him. And we did not own a home at that time. We were renting. And so we went back to Georgia, to Columbus, Georgia, and lived with my grandparents during World War II while he was gone. And, Georgia was—at that time, had graduated in eleven grades. So when the war was over, I was a senior in high school, and my mother and dad and my brother moved back to Daytona [Beach], and I stayed in Georgia and finished high school. So, I came back, and I didn’t want to go to school another year, so I had already finished. So, and at that point, I went—I had gone to a commercial high school, so I had typing, shorthand, bookkeeping, and how to behave like a young lady in an office and all that kind of stuff. Cook So I went to work. And Mom and Daddy, at that time, they had moved over to Sanford. My dad was running a furniture store for another man, called Ted Davis Furniture Company. It was right on East First Street, and part of the downtown area now. And as time went on, the man that owned it offered my dad a partnership, which he took, and this took care of—as time went on, and after we were grown and married, my brother and I bought into that, and we owned the Wilson-Maier Furniture Company. Morris Okay. Cook But, um, I can remember we lived out on the lakefront, which—there’s still a bar out there, but it was down. It was the home of the people that owned the bar, and it was a real nice home, right on the lakefront, going toward DeLand. And when the hurricane came, they were advising people to get out of places that were, you know, dangerous to stay in, because it was coming right that way. So we went down to the store and I can remember, I got up on a stack of mattresses and put something down and went to sleep. So the hurricane went right over me. I had no problem. [laughs] But I remember out West First Street, which is now that main road [State Road] 46, that goes out to the mall. And all the businesses are out there—that was all agriculture, completely, I mean fields and fields and fields of it. And, um… Morris What were they growing? Cook A lot of celery, and cabbage, and broccoli, and onions, and all that kind of stuff. And a lot of oranges, grapefruit, tangerines. I remember, I was sort of full of myself, riding with my dad one day out West First Street, and I said, you know, “This is a highly agricultural area.” He says, “Yeah, they do a bit of farming, too.” [laughs] So, but, uh, it was just a neat place to grow up in. The class that I would have graduated from—with—in Seminole High School, when I came back, since I had been here for several years with them, they sort of just wrapped me into that class, so that I had to go to all, everything, just like I had gone to school here. So it was a nice place to grow up. And—stop for a minute. Morris Sure thing. Please go on, ma’am. Cook All right, well after high school, I went to work for my dad in the furniture store, and, um, I was not very businesslike nor did I feel like it was—I just did not do well, so he fired me. [laughs] Morris Your father fired you? Cook My father fired me. And I went to the employment agency and they sent me to Florida Fashions, which was right there on First Street in the 300 block. And it was a mail-order company for all kinds of clothes, and it was something to where everybody and anybody that could type had a job there. You just sat down and you typed out all—the order and who you will send it to. And it wasn’t much of a job, but anyway, you typed all day and it was downtown, and you know you could—at lunch, you could go downtown and have lunch, and all that kind of stuff. Anyway, I finally went to work for, um, it was the sporting goods people. That was downstairs from Florida Fashions and I was their bookkeeper, and this was right across the street from our store. So, um, I was working and waiting on people when I wasn’t busy doing keeping books, and the owner came in one day and he told me, he said, “Arthurene, I’m going to have to let you go.” And I said, you know—my first thought was, “What have I done?” He said, “There is no fault of yours. I will give you a very good recommendation.” Well, he said, “My brother-in-law has moved down here and I have to give him a job, and I can’t keep both of you.” So at that, I went back to the employment agency, and I got, they sent me to Family Loan Company. Well, I went up there and they wanted to know if I could take shorthand, and I could, and type and books and wait on the customers there. And I worked there until my first child was born. And that was about three years later. And, um, I married in 1950, and I had two little boys, David and Dan. And, in the process my husband came home one day and said he wanted a divorce. And, um, so, as time went on—didn’t take very long. Back then if you agreed and he agreed and they were going to do whatever, you could have a divorce in nothing flat. So I had my two little boys, and I had moved home with my mom and daddy. And I got a job at the courthouse with the tax collector’s office, and I worked there for a number of years. And I always said when I got out of high school that it didn’t matter what kind of job I would get, but just something that didn’t have anything to do with money. So every job I ever had had something to do with money. [laughs] And, then, a friend of mine whose husband worked for the railroad, I had been best friends with her ever since she had come to town. And I went over and a guy that I knew from high school, just very briefly—matter of fact, I was dating his best friend, and I really didn’t know anything about him, and he asked me out. And I said, “Well, you”—he said, well, you know, like going to the beach or going to the movies, or something. We went out to dinner and all, and I said, “Well yes, I would like to go, but,” I said, “I can’t always get a babysitter. There will be times that I would have to take my two boys with me.” He said, “Well, that’s not a problem. I like children.” So we started going together, and we went to the beach, and he reached over and put his hand on my leg, and I said, “Move your hand.” And he said, “Well, somebody thinks that I was their daddy.” I said, “I don’t care what they think. Move it.” [laughs] Anyway, we went together for a year, and we married in 1955, and we have been married a little more than 56 years. So I think it’s going to take. I think it’s going to. [laughs] Morris Crossed fingers? Cook Yeah. [laughs] So, but, to go back to our, um, what it was like around here. There was a division of the black and white communities. And there were only three really big companies that people could go to work for, and feel like, that they could probably retire from that. And that was Chase & Company, who—they raised all sorts of things, and vegetables of all kinds, celery being the main crop. And—but they did fruits and all sorts of vegetables, and cabbage, and carrots. You name it. The fields were everywhere. Matter of fact, when we lived out on the lakefront, the field behind us was—well, as far as you could see back toward First Street. Whatever they had was growing there, the man would always—there was some man that he rented the fields out to other people that actually didn’t own a farm. But they would—this was big, you know, large farming, a lot of it. And they would always say to my mother, “Whatever you need out of here, take it.” So if it was green beans, we had green beans. And if it was cabbage, you know, whatever, we had. And to go back just a little ways, but—probably never get this transcribed. When I was growing up during the [Great] Depression, I was never aware of being poor, or not having anything, because nobody had anything to speak of. People didn’t own—very few people owned their own homes. Everybody worked. And, I mean, like my parents when the Depression came along—they had a thousand dollars in the bank. They got a penny. And, I mean, you know, but, I remember I got a bike, and I knew my daddy had redone a bike, you know, a secondhand bike, but it never bothered me. I got a bike. I didn’t care. But, it was, after the war, there was a lot of boom going on and building houses and things, so there was lots of work for people. And I know when Walter [Cook] and I got married, we actually bought a house. The Navy was leaving here at that point, or they had gotten—they had built houses in the Wynwood section off 25th street, between there and 46 going toward the east coast. And in that area there, they had two lots of houses that they had built to rent to Navy people. And they quit renting them, redid them, and we bought one of them, where we lived for 31 and a half years. And we built onto it in every direction, but we lived there for a long time. But, you know, the downtown was just about all there was. When you got off as far as French Avenue—that was almost getting in the country. And like I said about coming from Orlando, you would run into Maitland, and see a sign that said, “Ye Town of Maitland, County of Orange.” And I always thought at—so quaint. I just looked for it every time. And then when you got to Longwood, it was just a crossroads with filling station. I mean, there was nothing out there, absolutely nothing. Morris Not even agriculture? Cook I don’t remember much in that area, and of course, I didn’t do a whole lot in Longwood at that point. Never did. And you know, whatever shopping we ever did, you went to Orlando to buy it. When I first got out of high school, this friend and I—both of us worked, and we worked Saturday morning, and then the office closed at noon. And we would get on the Greyhound bus and go to Orlando, and do our shopping right there on Orange Avenue, have lunch, and then we’d get on the bus and come back home that night. And didn’t think a thing about it. We even went to Jacksonville one day and visited a friend that had gotten married, and went early on a Saturday morning and came back Saturday night. You know, the bus was the way to go. But, uh, I was still working at the courthouse when Walter and I got married. And he was working for the railroad, and he worked at night. And back then I worked in the tax collector’s office, because they hired me because I was a fast typist. And I did all the—typed up all the tag numbers and who they belonged to. So then, when all the tax bills were written out—handwritten—the legal descriptions, the whole nine yards was handwritten. So up when it was time to do like tags for Chase & Company—which they would have hundreds, because those little trucks that go back and forth across the highway, they have to have a special tag that they cross the highway. And we would have boxes full of Chase & Company things, and we did them at night. So we’d go back and we’d type all those and wait ‘til about 10 o’clock, and then I’d go home. And we had to write out all the tax bills. And for the big companies—when I went to work in the courthouse in 1953, I was, uh—the big books, that had all the tax rolls in them, had Sanlando Springs. They were valued on the tax roll, I will say that. You could—on a tax roll, they were valued at $10 a lot. Why I didn’t buy out there for those lots, or well, uh—Sanlando Springs was a beautiful place to swim when we were growing up and going there. You could go in and they had this wonderful place to swim and you had picnics, and everything for years. And then when it started growing up, the whole place is businesses, and restaurants, and mortgage companies, you know, it’s just solid. And if you get there under I[nterstate]-4 now, prepare to tear out your hair, because traffic is horrendous. [laughs] But back then, that was just uh, right up the road. But I worked until we paid my daddy off for the furniture we bought for our house, because we bought a house before we got married, and then we came back home and signed the papers on it that we, you know—so it would be in both our names. So it was all furnished and all before we got married, and I worked at the courthouse until about the late part of ’56. And my husband said, “One of us has got to raise the boys, and the other one has got to make a living, and I think I can do better than you.” Well, I knew that he could make better money than I was, because I wasn’t making but $25 a week. [laughs] Morris Okay. Cook So I went home and stayed home, and in about 18 months, or two years, we had a daughter. So I was very busy being a mother and a wife, and doing a lot of church work. I’ve been a member of First Baptist Church of Sanford since 1947. I’m still there, and I’ve done a little bit of everything there. But, um, you know, back before [Walt] Disney [World], it was just a whole different thing. When my daughter was in high school, somebody told her that she could—if she was cute she could get a job at Walt Disney World, on the main gate of the Magic Kingdom. So she went down there and applied with a bunch of girls, and she worked there all through high school, and all through college, on every, uh—summers, Christmas, anytime they were off for any period of time, she worked down there. So we got in free, which was wonderful. And we got to see, you know, the Main Street Parade, when the fireworks went off for the Fourth of July, all of that stuff. And, you know, they drove back and forth. I know very few people that work at Disney World anymore, because of the traffic between the two places. It’s just not happening. [laughs] But, um, I worked at the, um—I went back and forth to the courthouse. Shortly after—before, I had my daughter, they called me in and said they were going to go to—I can’t remember what it was—but what they said we had to do was type the entire tax roll into a metal plate, that they were going to print off this metal plate. And they were going to print tax rolls. So we had to do the legal, the name of who owned it, and all this, on, uh—and we were in the—this was the old courthouse. We were in the basement, and this thing, I mean—you know what metal cutting into metal would be. “Whoom whoom whoom.” Morris Yes. Cook [laughs] It was really crazy. But, um, I remember Dottie Anthony—who was Dottie von Turbulis[sp] at that time. And she and I spent several—about a month or two working down there. Every time they had something that they needed, they’d call me in. And for years a friend of mine, Louise Austin, and I would go back and we would work when, um—there were twin sisters in one office, and when they left, they had to have somebody cover for them in the clerk’s office. And I worked down there many, many summers until they went to computers. And then I knew nothing about computers, and it was fast. And the [Seminole] County, by then, was growing so fast, they had, uh, you know—two people being out, it was nothing. Morris Oh, I understand. Cook You know, they, uh—but back when you do it all by hand, it was, it really was something. But, um… Morris So these were all jobs after you were married? And you would stay home with the children, but they would call you in occasionally for help? Cook Right. Right. Morris Okay. Cook Yeah, I’ve even—they’ve called and said, “Will you come in and do the docket for us?” I would, you know, go in at one o’clock, sit down and type for four hours, and get up and leave. And they offered me a job and said I could come when I wanted to and leave when I wanted to, if I would just do it. So I told my husband about it, and he didn’t say much. So the first day I left him at home, I told him, “Now, the boys have homework. They need to do the homework. And they need to do it.” Well, he didn’t do anything. And I said, “I don’t know how you could expect me to work if you’re not going to help me.” He said, “I did not ask you to go to work.” He didn’t want me to go to work. [laughs] But, uh, and then I did many, many years of, uh, when the voting—I was clerk of one of the precincts, the court, the [Sanford] Civic Center. I was down there first as just a helper, and then I was the clerk for a number of years. And that was, it was always a lot of fun, because you got to see everybody in that whole precinct. But by the time I was in my seventies, getting up at 4:30 and working until seven o’clock that night lost a lot of its luster. [laughs] Morris Oh, I can imagine. Cook But the last election, we did early voting out at the office there on the airport. And I said to the gal—she was, you know, telling—complaining about it. And I said, “I used to work the elections.” “Would you like to work now?” And I said, “No, thank you.” [laughs] But, um, let’s see now who we—well, I’ve covered my job, and my family, and, uh… Morris Well, how about your husband’s job? What kind of work did he do? Cook Railroad. We didn’t cover the railroad. Uh, he was working for the railroad when I started dating him. And he had—they would call me and say—he’d be off on a run and they would call me and say, “He’s going to have to go straight through to Tampa. Will you have a set of clean clothes and something for him to eat when he comes through?” So you go out, and the train comes in, and you hand him this, and hand him that, and off he goes. And then we had been on train trips where the railroad would do a lot for their employees. And one time they took us all the way on the train to Rainbow Springs, over in—up around the Gainesville area. A day trip. And out to, uh, there was another springs that we went to one time. But, um, it worked a lot better that, you know, that I was at home and him working at night. Because in the beginning, you know, if you’re starting at the bottom, you work whatever. But like he says, they always were on time paying you, and you never had to worry about the check not being any good. It was a busy thing. And not everybody can live railroading. That is a whole different lifestyle, because they are gone probably 75 percent of the time. And you never know day, or if they work the extra board, you don’t know day or night, where they’re going. When the telephone rings, that’s when you go to work. And I know, I guess about the worst thing that ever happened to him on the railroad, was, um, he came home one morning, and he was pretty shook up. And we were eating breakfast, and he told the kids that he had ran over a little girl that ran in front of the train. Morris Oh, no. Cook And, uh, he had about three different people, that, uh—he was coming out of Tampa one time, and a lady looked up at him and walked right in front of the train. And then, of course they put on emergency brake, you know, you can’t stop a train on a dime. Morris No. Cook I mean, if you get stopped in a mile, you’re doing good[sic], and that’s with air brakes and the whole business. And he said the woman came up and asked, he said, “What happened?” And he said, “Well, there was a young lady stepped in front of me just as I got to her.” And he said she said, “What was she wearing?” And Walter told her, and she said, “That was my daughter.” And, uh, he had about three of those, and they always—I mean, it’s hard. It happened to my son, too. When my oldest son, David, became old enough, he worked at the store for my daddy and all of us. And he went out to SCC [Seminole Community College], but he was not a student at all. He wouldn’t even let us pay for his books or anything, he said because, “If I don’t do good[sic], then you won’t say, ‘Well, I paid for all this.’” He said, “I paid for it myself.” [laughs] So every Wednesday when he got off, he would go to the railroad and ask them about a job, and this went on for quite some time, but he got a job and went to Jacksonville. So that happened to him. But when you work on the railroad, that it was one of the things. People, cars, things run out in front of you and there’s no way to stop. And you just never know. But it’s a well-paying job, and the benefits were great, and we just adjusted. Morris Okay. Cook We just adjusted to the whole thing, and didn’t have any problem. And then when, right before he retired, we, on our 40th wedding anniversary, we took a train from Sanford to Los Angeles[, California], and then we rented a car and went up to Portland, Oregon. And we went space available, which is like half-price if you’re on another railroad. And we stayed there a couple or three days. Portland is a wonderful city to visit. And he got up about three o’clock in the morning, and he said, “I’m going to call and see what they can do about getting us going home.” And he came back in a few minutes, and he said there’s a young lady, she says, “I can get you home, not the way want to go, but I can get you back home.” And he says, “All right, we’ll take it.” And she said, “It’ll take five days.” [laughs] And we had to go back to L.A., and up to Chicago[, Illinois], and over to Philadelphia[, Pennsylvania], to Richmond[, Virginia] to Sanford. [laughs] But we had bedrooms all the way, so that was not too bad. Morris Oh, okay. Cook But the clothes that I wore on that trip—I don’t think I ever had on again. I was so tired of them. Oh, let’s stop a minute. Morris Sure thing, ma’am. Ma’am, would you tell us a little more about your family? I know you mentioned your son in the railroad business briefly. Cook Uh, well, there was my husband Walter, and we had the three children. David was born in ’51, and Dan in ’53, and Sherry [Cook] in ’58. And now we have 10 grandchildren, and we have seven great-grandchildren. And just this past spring, in less than two months, we had three little girls born. Morris Triplets? Cook No. It seems that all of these children had finished college, gotten married, and they were all fairly close between the families, so all of them started having babies all at one time. [laughs] Morris Okay. Cook So we had four, and then all of a sudden three more. So we don’t have anything to even think about right now. [laughs] Morris Rushed up [inaudible] a horde of great-grandchildren. Cook Yes. So that has kept us very, very busy. My husband has been retired 16 years. And up until a few years ago, we spent part of every summer in North Carolina. And then we thought, after a while, that we had—well, when we first started going up, you know, there were a lot of people from Sanford, and we had our own little Sanford in North Carolina. And we would spend the summer up there and do all sorts of things, and then, you know, they had to move back home. They might have died, went somewhere else, and all of a sudden none of those people are up there anymore. So it has made a difference. But my oldest son David lives in The Villages, and that’s a very busy lifestyle and a whole lot of different way of living. Everybody travels in their golf cart, and if you want to be busy, there are a gillion[sic] things you can do. My son Dan died nine years ago, and my daughter Sherry lives in Carey, North Carolina. She works for the State of North Carolina. She spent nine years in the Marine Corps, and in that time married a Marine. Morris Oh, okay. She was in the Marines, then. Cook Yep. And she says, “Once a Marine, always a Marine.” So she and her husband have four children, and David and his wife had four children, and Dan and his wife had two. So that was our 10 grandchildren, and trying to keep up with all of them wasn’t a problem when I was younger, and the older I get, the harder that is to do. And back in 2001, I—well, let me go back. Back in ’96, I had a total knee replacement. When I woke up, they told me I had a blip in my blood protein that had to be investigated. Well, I had no idea what a blip in my blood protein could mean to me. So finally, I said, “Well, what do I have to do?” “Well, we’re going to X-ray every bone in your body, and if you have holes in them, we will start treatment today.” I thought, “Wow.” Well, I had the X-ray, and there were no holes in my bones, so they said, “Now you have to have a bone marrow transplant.” No, not—bone marrow biopsy. And if it is clear, you just need to have your blood checked every six months.” Well, I had the biopsy, and I had my bones checked every six months. And they did the blood work, and every time, they said, “If you don’t hear from us, we’ll see you in six months.” This went on for five years. At the end of the fifth year in 2001, they called me back, and they said that they needed to do some testing. And after about the third test, I said, “Is it cancer?” And he said, “Without a doubt.” Morris What type of cancer was it, ma’am? Cook Multiple myeloma, which is a blood-borne cancer. But if it is let go, it causes the bones to crumble. And so they told me that if you did not treat it, or if it was not diagnosed and, you know, nothing—you had no symptoms or you didn’t go to the doctor for years, you could be walking along and you could break your arm, your leg, your neck, back, whatever. So they told me that I was very fortunate that I had been checked for five years, and so mine had just become to the point where I had to have, uh—take care of it. So I started on the chemo[therapy]. And I lost all my hair, which is always a big shock to women. But, uh, anyway—and then some of the medicines they gave me, years down the road, after you’d been taking them a while—four years—I discovered that one of the medicines had destroyed my jawbone. So I had went to a doctor in Miami. He was the only one in the world—he found out about it, he worked on it. He went in the lab and did the pharmacology and all. And last October, I have a titanium jawbone from my ear to the middle of my chin. Morris Titanium? Cook Titanium. Morris Chewing will never be a problem for you, ma’am. Cook [laughs] No. So, I’ve been in remission now about four years. Morris Okay. Cook And, uh, there’s no cure for multiple myeloma, but I’ll take remission. [laughs] And that’s where my energy went. [laughs] Morris Oh. Dealing with all the grandchildren got a little hard after that? Cook It got really difficult. So I wrote them a real sweet letter last year, and told them that I loved them all, that I would love to have them visit and all that, but I was going to, uh, I said, at Christmastime, I’ll always do the same thing. But all these birthdays and all, when you’re married, you know—we went from 10 to almost 20 real quick. And then they started having children. So I said, “I’m doing the great-grand[kid]s.” I will do those. And so far, none of them have complained. But, yeah, I kept asking the nurses when I was first diagnosed, oncology nurses, I said, “When will I get my energy back?” They said, “Some time you never do.” But I have been very blessed, because when I got on the computer and looked at what multiple myeloma was in 2001, I did not expect to be here. So I am very blessed. Morris Congratulations, ma’am. Cook And, so our family has grown. And Sanford has grown like you wouldn’t believe. And in every community—all the places where the mall is—was all agriculture. And, used to, you would go for miles and miles between Orlando and Sanford and see nothing. And now there’s not as bare space between the two. [laughs] So there has been a lot of change, not all of it for the better, but there’s a lot of blessings too. And I thank you. That was it. Morris All right. Thank you very much, ma’am. 1st Street Anthony, Dottie Von Turbulis artesian wells Austin, Louise bookkeepers cancers Carey, North Carolina Celery Avenue Chase & Company Columbus, Georgia Cook, Arthurene Wilson Cook, Sherry Cook, Walter courthouses divorces Downtown Sanford drafts elections Family Loan Company First Baptist Church of Sanford First Street Florida Fashions French Avenue Great Depression Historical Society of Central Florida hurricanes Linda McKnight Batman Oral History Project Longwood Magic Kingdom Maitland Morris, Joseph multiple myeloma Museum of Seminole County History Orange Avenue orlando Pearl Harbor, Hawaii railroads railways Sanford Sanford Civic Center Sanford, North Carolina Sanlando Springs Seminole High School SR 46 tax collectors Ted Davis Furniture Company The Villages trains Von Turbulis, Dottie voting Walt Disney World Wilson-Maier Furniture Company Wilson, Arthurene World War II WWII Wynwood, 25th Street https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/728e65523012d71068a9e389e9b7eddf.mp3 bf9cd47354a8b83b6a6107c6d59ec522 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/dfd1142290a11b6982aee5ee6fe60a5e.pdf d0527f01a610d68ad14544a29105a1c5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Linda McKnight Batman Oral History Project Collection Alternative Title Linda McKnight Batman Collection Subject Ocala (Fla.) Orlando (Fla.) Oviedo (Fla.) Port Tampa (Fla.) Sanford (Fla.) Silver Springs (Fla.) Titusville (Fla.) Zellwood (Fla.) Description Collection of oral histories depicting the history of Seminole County, Florida. The project was funded by Linda McKnight Batman, a former teacher, historian, and Vice President of the State of Florida Commission on Ethics. Language eng Type Collection Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> External Reference Museum of Seminole County History, and University of Central Florida. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/744676869" target="_blank">Researcher's Guide to Seminole County Oral Histories: Linda McKnight Batman Oral History Project</a>. [Sanford, Fla.]: Museum of Seminole County History, 2010. Contributor <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> Coverage Seminole County, Florida Ocala, Florida Oviedo, Florida Port Tampa, Florida Sanford, Florida Silver Springs, Florida Titusville, Florida Zellwood, Florida Contributing Project Linda McKnight Batman Oral History Project Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Oral History of John Louis Salsbury Alternative Title Oral History, Salsbury Subject Sanford (Fla.) Tampa (Fla.) Air Force Photography--Florida Space Shuttle Program (U.S.) Titusville (Fla.) Astronauts--United States Baseball--Florida Description An oral history of John Louis Salsbury, conducted by Joseph Morris on September 9, 2011. Salsbury was born in Tampa, Florida, but he has spent much of his life in Sanford. In the interview, Salsbury discusses his family's history, Port Tampa during the Spanish-American War, his service in the U.S. Air Force, photographing Space Shuttle launches and astronauts, how Sanford has changed over time, and the Florida Aviation Historical Society. Table Of Contents 0:00:00 Introduction 0:00:21 Family history 0:01:52 Port Tampa and the Spanish-American War 0:04:15 Family history 0:08:17 Serving in the Air Force 0:11:31 RECORDING CUTS OFF 0:11:32 President Richard M. Nixon 0:13:28 Moving to Sanford and photographing shuttle launches 0:17:17 Moonshiner’s shoe 0:20:22 Moving to Sanford 0:20:46 Photographing space shuttles and astronauts 0:32:49 Family history 0:45:10 How Sanford has changed over time 0:45:54 Grandparents and great-grandparents 0:58:02 Closing remarks 0:58:37 RECORDING CUTS OFF 0:58:38 Florida Aviation Historical Society Abstract Oral history interview of John Louis Salsbury Interview conducted by Joseph Morris at Salsbury' home in Florida. Type Sound/Podcast Source Original 1-hour, 4-minute, and 54-second oral history: Salsbury, John Louis. Interviewed by Joseph Morris. September 9, 2011. Audio record available. <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a>, Sanford, Florida. Requires Multimedia software, such as <a href="http://www.apple.com/quicktime/download/" target="_blank"> QuickTime</a>. <a href="https://get.adobe.com/reader/" target="_blank">Adobe Acrobat Reader</a> Is Part Of <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a>, Sanford, Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/123" target="_blank">Linda McKnight Batman Oral History Project Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Coverage South Park Avenue and West 9th Street, Sanford, Florida Port Tampa Dock, Port Tampa, Tampa, Florida Norton Air Force Base, San Bernardino, California Naval Air Station KeflavÃk, KeflavÃk, Iceland Homestead Air Reserve Base, Homestead, Florida John F. Kennedy Space Center, Titusville, Florida Disney-MGM Studios, Lake Buena Vista, Florida Creator Morris, Joseph Salsbury, John Louis Contributor Vickers, Savannah Date Created 2011-09-09 Date Modified 2014-09-10 Date Copyrighted 2011-09-09 Format audio/wav application/pdf Extent 665 MB 194 KB Medium 1-hour, 4-minute, and 54-second audio recording 19-page typed transcript Language eng Mediator History Teacher Civics/Government Teacher Geography Teacher Provenance Originally created by Joseph Morris and John Louis Salsbury, and transcribed by Savannah Vickers. Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by the <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> External Reference "<a href="http://www.floridaahs.org/" target="_blank">Welcome!</a>" Florida Aviation Historical Society. http://www.floridaahs.org/. Sanford Historical Society (Fla.). <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/53015288" target="_blank">Sanford</a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 2003. Norman, Robert, and Lisa Coleman. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/47770675" target="_blank">Tampa</a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 2001. Duggins, Pat. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/122701571" target="_blank">Final Countdown: NASA and the End of the Space Shuttle Program</a>. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida, 2007. Transcript Morris This is an interview with John [Louis] Salsbury. This interview is being conducted on the 9th of September, 2011, at the Museum of Seminole County History. The interviewer is Joseph Morris, representing the Linda McKnight Batman Oral History Project for the Historical Society of Central Florida. Mr. Salsbury, could you tell us your name? Salsbury Yes. I would like to do this as a means of preservation of my family history, and I hope I can do a good job. Anyway, I’d like to start with the year of 1893, when my great-grandparents and my grandfather moved here from Portsmouth, Ohio, by train. My great-grandfather was a master carpenter, and he lived here—the family lived here—on the corner of [West] Ninth Street and [South] Park Avenue—the southwest corner—for about two years. My grandfather [Louis Salsbury] was 19 years old, and he was employed as a railroad telegrapher at the Sanford Railroad Station on the west end of Ninth Street. In 1895, which was the year they moved away, my grandfather participated in a professional bicycle race—a 25-mile race that began in Downtown Orlando, when Orange Avenue was a dirt road, and ended there. My grandfather won the race. And after that they moved to Port Tampa, where my great-grandfather became a building contractor and was commissioned by Henry [B.] Plant to build a passenger terminal at the end of the railroad line there in Port Tampa, near Tampa. And steamships—the Mascotte and the Olivette—transported passengers from South America and Cuba to the United States. And they ported—they landed there at the docks. And the terminal building that my great-grandfather built was in use up until that passenger line ceased to operate, but the building remained to 1955. Also, just a year or two before the building was commenced, that terminal, Teddy [Theodore] Roosevelt, his Rough Riders [1st U.S. Volunteer Calvary] and officers, were among the soldiers and troops that were encamped in the Port Tampa area en route to the Spanish-American War. Teddy Roosevelt and his officers were hosted and remained in my doctor’s—in the Salsbury family doctor’s—home, which was located about a block from my grandparents’ home, and where my great-grandfather built. My grandfather joined the Army and participated in the Spanish-American War, and following that war, my great-grandfather was commissioned to also build a very famous wooden hotel in Bartow-Clearwater area, over near Clearwater. It’s still in use. It’s the Belleview Biltmore Resort. It’s a large wooden hotel, and it’s still in use today. Okay, after that, my grandfather married—and he was a telegrapher—and on the west coast at Palm Harbor, Florida, near the Gulf [of Mexico], and between Clearwater and Tarpon Springs, he married Rose Tinny—Rosalind Tinny. And my father [John Wright Salsbury, Jr.] was born in Port Tampa. My great-grandfather had built three homes there, and after my father graduated from high school in the year 1926, he found this moonshiner’s shoe. It was uncovered by a fire that had burnt some palmettos. My father found that—and they determined it belonged to the moonshiner. His name was Herndon, who was killed by the troops when he tried to steal corn from the soldiers encamped there for the Spanish-American War. Well, anyway, the left shoe that I have in my possession is in the Smithsonian Institution, and this right shoe I still retain.<a title="">[1]</a> Okay, in 1914, just before this—at the age of 12—my father and his sister, Mary, at age of five, flew on the world’s first passenger, scheduled passenger airline from St. Petersburg to Tampa. As a member of the Florida Aviation Historical Society, I’ve been through a lot of this and photographed a lot. I’m their photographer. Well, anyway, in 1914, my father and my aunt flew with Tony Janus, or the line pilot, from St. Petersburg to Tampa. This airline was in operation for three months and flew 1,205 passengers, and is actually on record as being the world’s first scheduled airline. My dad moved to—my dad and my mother—I was born in 1931 in Tampa, and my father and mother separated in ’41, and in 1941 we moved to Sanford and have resided in Sanford since. At least I have. My father was a railroad engineer with the Atlantic Coast Line [Railroad]. He had roomed with Cara Stenstrom, the mother of Douglas and Julian and Frank and Herb and Ruth Stenstrom—my stepbrothers and sister. Well, that year, or year around that time, the early 1940s, I recall having met Red Barber, the famous sports announcer’s father, there on the front porch. Okay, Red Barber, who actually went to school in Sanford and graduated from Sanford High School, went on to become the most famous sports announcer in baseball, football. All right. I went into the Air Force in 1949, upon graduating from the Seminole High School. I was a radar operator, and while in the service, I served in Alaska, Newfoundland, Iceland, and West Germany. But some of the highlights of my service, while I was—after I returned from Alaska in 1951, I was able—stationed in Norton Air Force Base in the Air Defense Control Center there. I was able to see many movie stars: Marilyn Monroe, Lucille Ball, Lana Turner, Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis, Gregory Peck. I really enjoyed my time there at Norton, because I met all these people, and not only that, I made sure that I worked within the Air Control Center—gave me a ride, or I flew as the co-pilot in a twin-engine bomber trainer called a T-11. And while we were in operations, he was filing his flight plan—I was standing next to a tall gentleman at the counter, where he was filing a flight plan, and on this parachute he had draped over his shoulder was the word “Yeager. So I actually got a chance to see the famous Chuck Yeager, who broke the speed, the sound barrier. And outside was an experimental jet bomber, XB-43,—I remember they called it—and he was probably flying that at the time. Anyway, after we took off in this T-11, the major took control of the aircraft ‘til we went over Edward’s restricted area, or Edwards Air Force Base. And then he showed me how to use the radio compass, and I honed it in on Palmdale, where the space shuttles were built. Well, anyway, I took control, and he let me fly the T-11 up over L.A.—Los Angeles—Laguna Beach, Long Beach, all along the coast. And then, when he said we had to go back, he asked me if I thought I could find my way back, and I said, “I believe so.” So I honed in on the mountains there—San Bernardino right there at Norton—and headed back to Norton. And that was one of the most memorable flights I’ve ever taken. I really enjoyed that. All right, uh, upon—you may pause it just for a second. Morris Good to go, sir. Salsbury Okie doke. Another thing I’d like to comment on about an experience I had while in the Air Force, stationed in Iceland, President [Richard M.] Nixon stopped over there on the way to Russia, in Keflavík Air Field [Naval Air Station (NAS) Keflavík] in Iceland, and being in radar, I knew about it. So I was down there with my camera—my movie camera—and was able to get some shots of Admiral [Hyman G.] Rickover as he walked out of the plane—walked by. Nixon didn’t get out of the plane, nor did his wife [Pat Nixon]. Okay, then, when stationed—before my retirement in 1969, I was stationed at Homestead Air [Reserve] Base in South Florida, in radar again. I was electronic warfare NCOIC [Non-Commissioned Officer in Charge], and President Nixon was inaugurated and flew right into Homestead AFB [Homestead ARB] the next day, and I took my son and my daughter over to see him. Well, lo and behold, we were only, right at the front of the fence there at the tarmac there at Homestead, and the President walked directly to us and shook our hands, and it appeared on the front page of The Miami Herald the next morning. So I had a—we had a wonderful experience of meeting Richard Nixon and shaking hands with him. And then I retired shortly after Neil Armstrong put foot on the moon. Salsbury And I came—we moved back to Sanford, and bought a new home here in Sanford, and I became employed as a postal clerk over in Orlando for one year in the sectional center, and then transferred to Sanford, where for 16 years I was a letter-carrier. Riding a bicycle and a jeep, carrying mail in Sanford. Well, while in Sanford as a letter-carrier, I had been taking pictures of the first space shuttle launch from Titusville and the ones following that, and I was taking my film to Eckerd’s drugstore to have it processed. Through a questionnaire that I filled out, the Eckerd’s marketing management and headquarters in Clearwater called me one day. They asked if I would appear in a TV—television commercial for them. And from that, I was titled “The Shuttle Photographer,” and Eckerd’s produced and ran for a year and a half a commercial introducing their one-hour photo service. That helped me, in a way, get my foot in the door as becoming a press photographer at [John F.] Kennedy Space Center, to shoot the space shuttle launches up close. So from the end of ’91, I was credited as a press photographer with The Sanford Herald editor sponsoring me. And throughout the shuttle program, I served as a press photographer at the Space Center, covering the 30-year shuttle program. Just recently, in July—in July the 21st—the [Space] Shuttle Atlantis landed, and I was there on the end of the runway, and I captured the landing and the tow back of the space shuttle for the last time of Atlantis. Atlantis just happens to be a particular launch vehicle that I took in 1994, November the 3rd, that turned out to be my most successful space shuttle photograph. It hangs in the NASA [National Aeronautics and Space Administration] Media [Resource] Center. A 30 x 40. It hangs in the Viera VA [Veterans Affairs] Hospital entrance. It hangs in museums, and it’s been purchased by a number of people over the years. So the STS-66 launch turned out to be my most successful space shuttle picture. And now that the shuttle program has ended, I devote my future photography Endeavors towards shooting wildlife. And here in Lake Mary—close to Sanford—I have some blinds set up, and I have wood duck nesting boxes, and I have been very successful in photographing Florida birds here, and will continue doing so. Thank you, Joe. Morris Oh, thank you very much, Mr. Salsbury. I have a few more questions if that is okay. Salsbury Fire away. Morris Okay, Mr. Salsbury. Earlier you mentioned about the shoe that your family member had found previously? Salsbury Right. That was my father. Morris Could you describe that? Yes, your father, sir. Could you tell—could you describe that for us? And then tell us what purpose that shoe was being used for? Salsbury Well, sure. I’d be glad to. Morris Thank you, sir. Salsbury Joe, this shoe that I’m showing you has a tin foundation, or a base, to it, and nailed to the bottom of this piece of tin are two wooden replicas of cows’ hooves, out of wood, carved by this moonshiner. And what the moonshiner would do—he—he was able to attach this to his shoes and conceal his tracks as he went to and from his still, which was located near my family home in Port Tampa, Florida, Hillsborough County. And a fire had really exposed this to my father. It was wrapped—the shoes, the pair of shoes—were wrapped up in a newspaper and was charred, but was exposed when the fire burnt these palmettos along the roadway, which is now in Trask Avenue in Tampa, Florida. T-R-A-S-K. Anyway, when my father opened the package up, here was this pair of overshoes used by moonshiner by the name of Herndon in Port Tampa, to go to and from his still. This moonshiner was later shot to death when he attempted to steal grain—sacks of grain—from the soldiers camped in the area, or en route to the Spanish-American War from Port Tampa to Cuba, where they embarked from Port Tampa. They determined—they found out they were having sacks of grain stolen from them, or missing, so they set up a trap. And actually they caught the guy, and they shot him. But apparently he wasn’t wearing these shoes, and he had these hidden just to go to and from his still. And that’s how come I ended up—the right shoe I have, and I’m showing you at this time. The left shoe, in 1926, was given to the Smithsonian Institution and appeared in The St. Louis [Post-]Dispatch with a picture of it telling that it’s in the museum. I have been unable to locate that copy of The St. Louis Dispatch that I had. I don’t know what happened to it. But anyway, I do know that one shoe was in the Smithsonian Institution. Morris Well, thank you. That’s a very interesting piece you have there, sir. Salsbury Thank you. Morris Another question I have is—you said 1941<a title="">[2]</a> you moved to Sanford? Salsbury 1941.<a title="">[3]</a> Morris Who did you move with, sir? Salsbury My father, my sister, Rosemary [Salsbury], and I. The three of us. Morris Okay, sir. And your sister, is she currently living in Sanford, or... Salsbury No, she lives on the west coast, over near Tarpon Springs. Morris Okay, sir. And you said, you were describing earlier your experiences working as a press photographer for The Sanford Herald. Salsbury Right. Morris Do you have any more experiences that you’d like to share about that, any kind of experiences working at the—as opposed to just taking photographs… Salsbury The only experiences I have—and one is very interesting ‘cause it deals with Seminole County. As a press photographer, I was given quite a lot of extra photo possibilities. There was a launch of [Space Shuttle] Endeavor—and I don’t recall just what mission it was at the time—but when I boarded the bus to go with an escort to go there to photograph it with my telescope, she handed out a sheet of paper that listed the dignitaries—the important events that was gonna be there at this event site that I had wanted to shoot from. One of them was Alan Shepard, who was the first American astronaut to go into space. All right. She told—I asked her if she’d point him out to me or help me find him. I wanted to get a picture of him. She said, “I could do better than that. I could have your picture taken with him.” So she did that, and they used my camera. And I sent the photo to Houston[, Texas]—to him—and he autographed it and returned it to me, and in turn I gave—I left one with him. But I told him in the letter something very interesting that I found out. My classmate in 1949, Bettye Ball [Deadman] from Lake Mary, lived a short distance from Alan Shepard’s grandparents. Alan Shepard used to spend his summer vacations from Connecticut or New Hampshire in Lake Mary. He spent him out there, in his vacations, and his grandparents. One day he was missing, and they couldn’t find him. He was found on the Ball—Bettye, my classmate’s family’s—dining room table eating a banana. And so I told him about this in the letter, and he got a charge out of it. But anyway, my stepbrother, Doug Strenstrom—Douglas Stenstrom—is the one that told me first that Alan Shepard had a connection with Lake Mary and Seminole County. And then, when I found that out, I was talking to Bettye Ball and she told me about the banana incident. And so, it so happens that Alan Shepard enjoyed a lot of his school summers, if not most of them, right here in Lake Mary, Seminole County. So, anyway, I got a chance to meet him. Not only that—another thing I want to tell you, an interesting thing happened. I wasn’t a press photographer at the time but I had an eight-inch telescope, and I took this with me to shoot from Titusville the first launch of the space shuttle—STS-1 [Space Shuttle] Columbia. And the picture I took, turned out I shot into the sun, but I got a fairly good picture. For a color picture, it turned out black and white. But anyway, I got a good picture. Well, The Orlando Sentinel team saw me, and they took a picture of me with my nephew, Troy Hickson, from Lake Mary, as we were photographing with my telescope. And this was published and in The Sentinel. Well, there was a time when I wasn’t—later on, when I wasn’t a press photographer, but I was shooting from the NASA Causeway with my telescope, and the gentleman told me I needed press credentials to get up close and get better pictures. So little wheels started turning in my head as to how I could bring this about. First thing I thought about doing was calling this photographer that had photographed me at the first launch over in Titusville at The Sentinel in Orlando. So I called, and they couldn’t use me in Orlando on the team, but he suggested something that really did it for me. And he suggested that I get a hold of the public affairs people at NASA, at Kennedy, and request a freelance pass—a pass as a freelance photographer. Well, I did this, and that allowed me to start getting passes to put my camera up remotely. I’d put my camera out right next to the shuttle, and using another man’s trigger at first—and finally I knew how to do it and I finally bought the equipment and did it on my own. But anyway, the sound after the solid rockets are fired triggers your camera, and you’re nowhere near it. You’re sitting there anchored down, but it’s up close to it. So that’s how I got my best pictures was in that manner. Okay, after that first launch on the 12th of April of 1981, there was an air show. It went to Sanford Airport. And I took my son out there, and I had my camera along to shoot the show. And a friend of mine who had a shoe store in Sanford, Donald Knight—well known in Sanford—and he was a flight instructor and a pilot, and he was at front of operations prepping a Cessna for flight. And I walked up and commenced talking to him this day. This is after the launch of the shuttle. And he said, “Do you know whose plane that is next to me?” And I said, “No.” He said, “That’s Neil Armstrong.” I waited until Neil Armstrong came out and his family came out of the operations and got in their plane, and took pictures of this, and got some good pictures of Neil Armstrong. He left there and nobody, of all these people there—the thousands of people at the air show—knew he was there, I think. He taxied out and took off before the air show. So I got pictures of Neil Armstrong. Another incident, having been with press credentials and having put my remote cameras out for the launch of John Glenn—STS-95—I was able to get a picture and he posed for me. And this was Buzz Aldrin, who stepped on the moon. And I also got pictures of several of the other astronauts, the one in STS-13—I mean not STS-13—the Apollo 13. And Gordon Cooper. Now, not only that, over the years, I was able to meet and become friends with different astronauts, but one of the highlights of my time over there too took place when I was working part-time at [Walt] Disney World, [Disney-]MGM Studios.<a title="">[4]</a> I purchased a little lapel pin of Buzz Lightyear. Well, I had a taken a nice shot of the STS-61 launch of [Space Shuttle] Endeavor, that Story Musgrave was mission specialist of, and did a spacewalk to repair the Hubble [Space] Telescope. Well, my pictures came out so good. I made Christmas cards out of them, put “Merry Christmas,” “Happy New Year,” and all that on them, and I sent them to each one of the crew members in Houston, so when they landed, they would get Christmas card greetings at their launch. Well, I got responses from Kathy Thornton and different ones with autographed pictures of all of them and all that. But six months later, I get a telephone call from Story Musgrave—Dr. Story Musgrave—who did the spacewalk repair on the Hubble telescope and was on the mission. He commented to me, he said, “That’s the best night launch picture I’ve seen. Would you make transparencies for me so I can use them in my lectures?” And he called me back later and asked me how much it was and all that. He wanted to pay for it. I didn’t want him to pay for it, but he sent me a check and paid for it. I asked him, I said, “Story, would you take a little Buzz Lightyear pin in space for me in your next mission coming up in September?” Or November. And that was STS-80. He called me back later and said, “Send it on.” He had room. He could take it. So Story Musgrave took a little Buzz Lightyear pin for me on the STS-80 mission of Columbia that ended up being the longest space shuttle mission flown, 17 days. When they returned, it took me two years to get it back. But I got it back, and it was still packaged and in the plastic, and it was accompanied by a certificate of authentication signed by Story Musgrave, telling that “this space,”—oh, “this lapel pin of Buzz Lightyear,”—or something to this effect—“was carried aboard Columbia for John Salsbury,” and so on. So I got this wonderful document to see that by. So that kind of sums up some of the most important things that I remember as highlights doing my space shuttle photography over 30 years. I was able to meet a lot of the good ones, and one of them was Tom Jones, and I’m still in touch with him. Most, many of these pictures I have, like the one of STS-96—it shows shooting into the rising sun and everything, Rick Husband, who was killed when the Columbia exploded, he was the pilot of that one. And I’ve got a beautiful picture of that, autographed by the pilot, Kent Romminger. So, a lot of my pictures, even the one with John Glenn’s launch, turned out. I sent it to him. He autographed it for me. I’ve got the picture of John Glenn going up autographed. I’ve got all these autographs on my pictures over there. And my room looks like a museum itself. Morris Sir, that’s impressive. Salsbury Thank you. But that’s about it, in a nutshell, I think. Morris Well, sir, could you tell me a little bit about your family? Salsbury Well, I think I told you, let me, my great-grandfather’s name was John Wright Salsbury I. He was married to Addie—A-D-D-I-E—Burke Salsbury, and they moved here with their son, my grandfather—later grandfather—Louis Salsbury, to Sanford in 1893, as I mentioned earlier. My dad moved up here upon my mother and father’s separation in 1941. We moved to Sanford from Port Tampa, and that’s when I joined the Stenstrom-Salsbury family, or we were joined, and of course, Douglas and Julian are well-documented in their contributions here in Seminole County. And Frank, he married Henry Took—Harry [Patricia] Took—excuse me, who was a millionaire that owned a lot of groves. And he took care of the groves, my stepbrother did, Frankie. And then Herb was a realtor. He was the other stepbrother, and Herb passed away a young man due to lung cancer. But he married Carolyn Patrick, and the Patricks own a packing—a fruit business of citrus and citrus-packing groves and so forth. And my stepsister, Ruth, she married a young man that was—became a—he was an umpire in baseball—professional games, but then later became a—they moved to Cocoa Beach and he was on the City Council and he was a postmaster over there at Cocoa Beach, about the time when the Apollo program was going on. And Ruth—no, Julian, was a sports announcer and writer for [The Sanford Herald], he announced for Red WTRR Sanford, a radio station, and he wrote for the columns for The Sanford Herald. And he wrote a lot of them about “Way Back Then”—they titled it—and I have copies of those. He had a wonderful memory and recall of sports. He mentioned—he brought a light that Buddy Lake from Lake Monroe, in Sanford—and Lake Mary, in the Sanford area—a ball player, ended up in the hall of fame from Julian’s efforts. He found out that Buddy had led hitting and pitching at one time, and this was something that hadn’t been done before. This was back when he played for Florida State League. And Julian also brought out the fact that Jackie Robinson broke the color barrier here in Sanford at the Sanford ballpark when he was playing for the [Brooklyn] Dodgers. Julian and I—well, Julian became an official in the Southern Baptist brotherhood out in California, in Bakersfield, and I was stationed at Norton Air Force Base in the ‘50s. He and I attended a professional spring training ballgame between the Cincinnati Reds and another team I don’t recall. And Julian and I were sitting on the third base bleacher line there in the stands, and I was sitting maybe ten feet away from a gentleman with a cigar in his mouth. And Julian asked me if I knew who that was. He said, “That’s Branch Rickey.” So Branch Rickey is one of the two people that Red Barber dedicated his book, Walking in the Spirit, to. A great book. It’s in the museum in Sanford. It was given to Julian by Douglas. Anyway, Red Barber mentions—no, Julian wrote an article about Red Barber that I have as well too, and it was published in the Sanford paper, telling about Red Barber’s ball playing and his living here in Sanford. So, I can’t think right offhand of a lot of the highlights that Julian brought out. But anyway, they’re well-documented and covered in articles he wrote for the paper while he was there. Oh, another thing, myself and my younger stepbrother, Frank, and my classmates, John Keeling and Richard McNab—Keeling just passed away and he was a retired colonel in the Army. Worked in the Pentagon. And Richard McNab—retired colonel—Lieutenant Colonel in the Air Force, who flew B-47 reconnaissance aircraft. He’s living in Ocean Springs right now. And we all were on the American Legion baseball team in 1948. On March the 16th of 1948, Babe Ruth came to Sanford. Julian was the announcer, the master of ceremonies. Carl Hubble was there, John Krider, and Julian, and the mayor, Mayor Williams. Julian introduce a number of the people there, but the mayor actually introduced Babe Ruth. And I was there, and my other members played on the American Legion we had at the time. Babe Ruth signed baseballs for all of us, and we were given these baseballs signed by Babe Ruth. Well, anyway, the wonderful thing happened was that Julian and all of the commentary and all the narration or the talking that was done, even Babe Ruth’s voice, was recorded on a recorder—on a platter, a record, by someone. Well, Julian, my stepbrother, ended up having a copy of that, and he found it before passing away. And we transferred that over to an audio tape, from there to a VHS tape, and now I have it on DVD. We have Babe Ruth’s actual voice, which was eight months to the day before he died, when he was here in Sanford and honored in Sanford. So that about covers everything, Joe. Morris How about your immediate family? Salsbury Oh, I’m sorry. I have two children. My wife was from Lake Mary. Her name was Yvonne Eubanks, and she passed away five years ago today, on September 9, 2006, here in Sanford Hospital. She had diabetes and her kidneys gave out on her. We have two children. My son is a lieutenant in the fire department, Lake Mary, and my daughter has moved to Tennessee. She was married to Bill Von Herbulis and had a daughter then. And her daughter, Jessica [Frana], well, anyway, later married. But before that my daughter remarried Steve Frana. His father’s friend owned Tube Tech. It’s a stainless steel plant here in Sanford. And there’s a connection. My son-in-law, Steve, actually made all the space shuttle hinges for their payload doors right here in Sanford. So it goes back to the space program. But anyway, Steve’s father’s passed on now, but my daughter and Jessica—her daughter by her first husband—they all moved to Tennessee, and have a 45-acre farm up in Tennessee, real nice farm. And Steve had already had four children, two boys and two girls. So then—well, anyway, the total grandchildren I have now are nine, seven by my daughter and two by my son, and I have four great-grandchildren up in Tennessee. And, well, I’m living alone now. And in my latter years, I’m trying to get my family history together, and what we’re doing today, Joe, will help out very much. Morris Well, we definitely appreciate it, sir. Salsbury Thank you. Morris Just one final question, just ‘cause we’re greedy for history. Salsbury Did I mention my daughter’s name? Morris Ah, just in case, repeat, sir. Salsbury I don’t think I did. My son’s name was Terrence Wade Salsbury. He’s the Lieutenant in the Lake Mary fire department. My daughter’s name is Gale—G-A-L-E, not G-A-I-L, but G-A-L-E—Salsbury Frana—F-R-A-N-A. And, oh, one thing I failed to mention is very important. My daughter’ s first child, Jessica, she’s graduated from Wake Forest [University] and from University of Tennessee. She married a Pete Exline, who was a captain in the U.S. Army. Pete was a graduate of [The United States Military Academy at] West Point. His home was Jacksonville. Pete was sent to Iraq for a year, and upon returning from Iraq, he was put in the university, or Georgia Tech [Georgia Institute of Technology], for nuclear physics training, schooling. And from there and today, he has already started. He is an instructor at West Point, instructing nuclear physics. So my grandson-in-law, whatever, my grandson is teaching nuclear physics at West Point right now. So now you got my end of it. [laughs] Morris I do, sir. Can you describe the differences from Sanford and the local area now, than it was when you saw it in your earlier days, sir? Salsbury Well, from what I remember mostly, you couldn’t go to a restaurant or practically anywhere without running into people you knew. It was a tight area here, and we knew so many people. And I enjoyed growing up here in Sanford. Throughout my life, oh—there is something I want to mention. Morris Okay. Salsbury My grandmother—her great-great-grandfather—now because she married, her father was a Tinny in Clearwater, and they were very wealthy, and the family had owned most of what is Downtown Clearwater right now, at the time. Well anyway, her mother was a daughter of a Anna Frank Bellamy. Now, her grandfather was a William Bellamy, the son of Abraham Bellamy, who was one of the first legislators of the state of Florida when it became a state. He was on the committee that wrote the first Florida constitution, and is a signatory of the first Florida constitution, which was, hell. And my grandmother’s uncle, who was a Bellamy—John Bellamy—he paved a road between Tallahassee and St. Augustine, and parts of it is still there with his name on it. And one of the Bellamys also had paved the way for the first railroad line between Port St. Joe in Tallahassee before the other railroad lines in Florida. And the Bellamys owned a plantation. Plantations were among the wealthiest people in the state of Florida at the time, and Madison County, up near Tallahassee, is where they’re buried. But the Bellamys are distant ancestors of mine through my grandmother. Morris Wow, sir. Salsbury I didn’t want to miss that because I wanted to get that in there somewhere. But my grandmother’s—one of my grandmother’s sisters—well, I’ll go a little further. One of my grandmother’s sisters, she was blind in her old age, but she married a Leslie Evie. Her name was Ebie Evie, and she was a Ebie Tinny Evie. Anyway, she and her husband owned what ended up to be a sort of a hotel later, but it was a boarding house and a post office and a waiver point for ships going down the west coast of Florida. And they stopped in there for provisions and so forth—before Tampa was a Tampa, before St. Petersburg was a St. Petersburg. Back in those days, it was one of the big stops along the way. So my aunt—my great-aunt, Ebie—she even hosted a Russian hierarchy woman that was in the hierarchy of the Russian—in the Russians. Anyway—but when she was a little girl. They were born—my aunt, grandmother, and her sisters, my great-aunts—they were born in a log cabin at Curlew, on Curlew Creek right there next to Dunedin, between Clearwater and Tarpon Springs in a little town called Dunedin. Curlew’s where they were born in a log cabin. Well, as a young girl, my grandmother’s sister was farmed out to live with a surgeon at Fort Brook in Tampa—before there was a Tampa—the fort there. So this surgeon and his wife raised Ebie as a little girl there, before she got married, anyway, for a number of years. So Fort Brook, in now-Tampa, was involved in all this. And then, another sister of my grandmother’s, who was a Tinny—born over there at that log cabin, Ira Wood. Ira Wood was her name, after her married name—Ira Tinny Wood. She and Ebie are two people that are very dear to my memory, because I would spend my school years in Sanford, all my summers over there swimming and scalloping and fishing at my grandparents’ there in Ozona, where they lived. And I spent an awful lot of time at their house. My Aunt Ira, her kitchen always smelled like a bakery, or had smell of those cookies, or something baked in there. I’ll never forget it. And then Ebie, she always sat on the front porch at 1981 High Alder, right by their house, and she’d sit on the porch since she was blind. But so many people, and I’m one of them, enjoyed just sitting there talking to her on that screened porch over the years. And, now, Aunt Ira, who was one of the sisters I was telling you about, of my grandmother, she had a son named Duane—William Duane Wood. That was the name of her husband, but this was William Duane II, and we called him Duane. He and my father were very close, and they grew up together, and he was a naval pilot in World War II. And after he got out of the Navy, he wasn’t a fighter pilot, but he was in the Navy, and he gave me a ride in a Piper Cub he had with floats, there in Ozona. Gave me my first sea plane ride. But anyway, he was hired by the Department of Interior—United States Department of Interior—to oversee Sanibel, the island down there. He lived by the lighthouse, and they provided him an airplane and a launch, and he protected the island from the turtles that, you know, nested there, and different things. He flew up and down the coast and provided samples of water. Anyway, before he died—and I was with him when he passed away over in Tarpon Springs, with my aunt—now that was my aunt that flew in the first airline. But anyway, my uncle<a title="">[5]</a>, Duane Wood, he contributed and helped build the flying model, the Benoist model XIV, which was the air boat that Tony Janus flew in 1914. And then our president—remember I’m in the Florida Aviation Historical Society—and our president’s gone now, but he flew in 1984, he flew over the same route—this re-model, flying model of the original airplane that flew back in 1914. He flew it over that route, and it’s all documented. And afterwards, it ended up in a museum near Clearwater, and Russell [St.] Arnold, who was a director in the Florida Aviation Historical Society and the primary person responsible for building this flying replica, is the one that gave me my membership and introduced me. I happened to be over showing some videotapes of air shows at Daytona and around to my uncle, Duane, while he was bedridden in Tarpon Springs before he died. Russell [St.] Arnold was there, called him over, and I was able to meet him. And I found out that Duane was instrumental in helping build, or contributing money, contributing something, I don’t what he contributed to the building of this air boat. Now, in 1991—I think it was, ’90 or ’91—before he died, Russell [St.] Arnold invited myself and my aunt to go see this flying model in the museum. And it was sitting on the floor at the time, and Russ said, “John, get in.” I said, “I can’t do that. That’s a museum piece.” He said, “Well, it’s mine. I guess you can!” I got in there, and he took a photograph of me standing next to it with my aunt standing beside it, and I have a good picture of that. So now, today, the model—that flying model of the Benoist model XIV flying boat—hangs in the museum in St. Petersburg, at the million dollar pier right there at their historical museum, and they’ve got mannequins in the cockpit up there. But not long ago, a Nicole Stott, who was from Clearwater, flew on the space shuttle as a mission specialist. She carried the banner that flew on the first Benoist model XIV, or on that flight—first flight—with Tony Janus in 1914. She took that aboard the space shuttle, and it’s been returned, and now, if you looked at the airplane hanging in the museum, you’ll see that banner up there that she flew in the space shuttle. Not only that, there’s another connection if you want to hear it, about that. Morris Of course, sir. Salsbury Okay. I didn’t know it, but being a member of the Florida Aviation Historical Society, I knew Ed Hoffman[, Sr.], who was a man that started our society, and was instrumental in building this too, and all that with our president. He passed on here a while back, the day before he was supposed to be inducted into Florida Aviation’s hall of fame. And, anyway, his son, Eddie [Hoffman]—Ed was an architect in San—uh, Tarpon Springs. And he did the interior decoration for the famous—world-famous—Pappas [Riverside] Restaurant. It was over at Tarpon Springs. But anyway, his son, Eddie, is a pilot and he has his own plane, and he’s an architect, and he and I are in communication with each other. And he sent me an e-mail a while back. And it so happened that Nicole Stott and her father—or at least the family—were friends of the Hoffmans—my friends. And Nicole Stott’s father was an aerobatic pilot. He liked flying aerobatics. Well, he took up one of the Hoffman’s flying boots[?], and somehow it crashed into a seawall and he drowned sometime back. And so, uh, that was a tragic ending there. But Nicole Stott, his daughter, ended up being a, uh, shuttle mission specialist, and flying a mission—a few missions back. So I just wanted to mention that. Morris Ah. Thank you very much, sir. Do you have anything else you’d like to discuss before we wrap things up? Salsbury You know, things were out of context and not chronologically spoken. But I’m glad I remembered the things that I did, and I only want to close by saying that photography has meant so much to me now, and I’m enjoying my days now using a digital Nikon camera that I use for the shuttle and getting wonderful wildlife pictures here in Seminole County. Morris Thank you so much for coming today, sir. Salsbury Okay. Morris Really appreciate that. Salsbury Thank you. Morris Okay, go ahead. Salsbury Okay. Something I want to add. In early 1994, Florida Aviation Historical Society’s president, Ed Hoffman, Sr., asked me to get together photographs of the Cape [Canaveral] area—Kennedy, Cape Kennedy—to go in Florida Aviation History in Pictures. It’s going to be made into an exhibit for the Florida Aviation Museum [Florida Air Museum] in Lakeland. And he gave me the assignment of handling the Cape. So, I had contacted Washington[, D.C.] and Houston and obtained the transparencies I needed to have prints made. And I—well, later—and this was on April the 11th of ’94—the SUN ‘n FUN air show was going on, and they closed the museum there at Lakeland [Linder Regional] Airport to have a dedication ceremony for our exhibit that the Florida Aviation Historical Society put on—Florida Aviation in Pictures. And so, I attended that, and I had my camera, and I was photographing our president, Hoffman, as he was at the podium, and the director of the SUN ‘n FUN started identifying celebrities or people in the crowd. And he mentioned Curtis Brown, and I lit up and knew immediately who it was. I turned, and I went straight, I left the podium and went straight to him, and I asked him if he would pose for me in front of the exhibit I put together on the Cape, there in the museum. And he did. He posed with me and the president in there, and I didn’t know at the time, but Curt Brown also carried aloft on his mission, STS-66, later. A few months later, he carried aloft a decal and a document from the museum, the SUN ‘n FUN museum. Now it’s the Florida Aviation Museum. So, as it turned out, I got a chance to meet him and talk with him, and he recalled getting a picture from me of one of the launches when he was at CAPCON, one of the controllers of a mission at Houston. Okay. I told Astronaut Brown that if I got good a picture at his launch, I would send it to him and ask him to autograph it, and so forth. As it turned out, November the 3rd of that year, it was the best picture I’ve ever taken. And I set up two cameras, same location, just to be—to try to get a good picture, and it turned out that way. It’s done very well for me. In fact, a 30 x 40 is hanging in that Florida Aviation Museum now, in Lakeland, as well as in the Viera Hospital, Viera Hospital over here on the coast, near Kennedy. And then the Kennedy Space Center Media Center, and different places. Anyway, Curt Brown later was the commander of the mission that flew John Glenn back into space. And, well, I want to back up just a few days, because that dedication ceremony took place on the 11th of April of 1984. On the 8th of April of, just a few days earlier, STS-59 Endeavor was to launch on the 8th. And I was out at the fire training tower in the boonies, which was actually about four miles from the pad where the shuttle was. I was out there getting ready to photograph the launch, and up these metal stairs came Ronald Howard, Opie [Taylor] of The Andy Griffith Show, and now a director, producer—anyway, a movie star. His wife and daughter, along with Tom Hanks and his wife. And NASA escorts had brought them up there right beside me, to where I was shooting from. Well, I had a very powerful pair of binoculars—ten power—and they only weighed about nine ounces—Pentax—and I decided to let them use them to look at the shuttle from where we were. And that was the 8th of April, and that day, the shuttle was scrubbed and didn’t go up. But the next day, Tom Hanks couldn’t come with his wife. They had to go back or they couldn’t make it, but Ron Howard walked up to the stairs with his wife and daughter, came straight to me, and said, “Your binoculars are on the front page of The Orlando Sentinel this morning.” Here Tom Hanks is with my binoculars, looking at the shuttle. Well anyway, I let Ron Howard have my binoculars so they could use them to look at the launch. Well, I photographed it, and he let his daughter use them, and they stood right next to me as the shuttle actually launched on the 9th of April. Well, I told Ron Howard—in fact, I brought the picture of him next to me, I brought that up and he autographed it right on the spot. But I told him that I knew the pilot, Curt Brown—no, Kevin Chilton, I want to back up there. The pilot then was Kevin Chilton. I knew the pilot and I would have an autographed picture sent to him for his daughter, and I did that later. I got a NASA photo, 8 x 10, and had Chilton autograph it, and I sent it to Ron Howard. But, having a chance to meet Ron Howard and Tom Hanks and everything there, for a launch, was a highlight that I don’t want to forget. You can pause if you want to. <div> <div> <a title="">[1]</a> Note: These are “over shoes.” Two wooden shaped cow hooves attached to a metal base that would appear to leave cow hoof prints. </div> <div> <a title="">[2]</a> Correction: 1942. </div> <div> <a title="">[3]</a> [3] Correction: 1942. </div> <div> <a title="">[4]</a> Salsbury worked at Disney-MGM Studios from 1995 to 2000. </div> <div> <a title="">[5]</a> Correction: cousin. </div> </div> Click to View (Movie, Podcast, or Website) <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/files/original/728e65523012d71068a9e389e9b7eddf.mp3" target="_blank">Oral History of John Louis Salsbury</a> 1st U.S. Volunteer Calvary 9th Street Abraham Bellamy Addie Burke Addie Burke Salsbury Addie Salsbury Air Defense Control Center Al Shepard Alan Bartlett Shepard, Jr. Alan Shepard American Legion Anna Frank Bellamy Apollo 13 astronauts Babe Ruth Ball, Bettye baseballs Belleview Biltmore Resort Bettye Ball Bettye Ball Deadman Bettye Deadman Bill Von Herbulis Brown, Curtis Buddy Lake Burke, Addie Buzz Aldrin Buzz Lightyear Cape Canaveral Cara Stenstrom Carolyn Patrick Carolyn Patrick Stenstrom Chilton, Kevin Chuck Yeager Clearwater Curlew Curlew Creek Curtis Broke Disney-MGM Studios Donald Knight Douglas Stenstrom Dunedin Ebie Tinny Ebie Tinny Evie Eckerd Ed Hoffman, Sr. Eddie Hoffman Edwin Eugene Aldrin, Jr. Florida Air Museum Florida Aviation Historical Society Florida Aviation in Pictures Fort Brook Frank Stenstrom Gale Frana Gale Salsbury George Herman Ruth, Jr. Harry Took Henry B. Plant Henry Bradley Plant Herb Stenstrom Hillsborough County Homestead Homestead Air Reserve Base Homestead ARB Hubble Space Telescope Hyman G. Rickover Hyman George Rickover Ira Tinny Ira Tinny Wood Ira Wood Jessica Frana Jessica Frana Exline John Bellamy John F. Kennedy Space Center John Glenn John Herschel Glenn, Jr. John Keeling John Louis Salsbury John Wright Salsbury, Jr. John Wright Salsbury, Sr. Joseph Morris Julian Stenstrom Kathy Thornton Keflavík, Iceland Kent Rominger Kent Vernon Rominger Kevin Chilton Lake Mary Lakeland Lesie Evie Linda McKnight Batman Oral History Project Louis Salsbury Mary Salsbury Mascotte moonshiner’s shoes moonshiners Museum of Seminole County History NAS Keflavík NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration Naval Air Station Keflavík Neil Alden Armstrong Neil Armstrong Nicole Stott Ninth Street Norton AFB Norton Air Force Base Olivette Opie Taylor Ozona Palm Harbor Park Avenue Patricia Stenstrom Patricia Took Patricia Took Stenstrom Pete Exline photographers photography Port Tampa Portsmouth, Ohio press photographers Red Barber Richard McNab Richard Milhous Nixon Richard Nixon Rick Husband Ricky Branch Rommel Rominger Ron Howard Ronald William Howard Rosalind Tinny Rosalind Tinny Salsbury Rough Riders Russell St. Arnold Ruth Stenstrom San Bernardino, California Sanford Sanford Airport Sanford High School Sanford Railroad Station Seminole County Seminole High School Space Shuttle Atlantis Space Shuttle Columbia Space Shuttle Endeavor Space Shuttle Program Spanish-American War Steve Frana Story Musgrave STS-1 STS-59 STS-61 STS-66 STS-80 STS-95 SUN 'n FUN Tarpon Springs Teddy Roosevelt telegraphers Terrence Wade Salsbury The Andy Griffith Show The Orlando Sentinel The Sanford Herald The St. Louis Post-Dispatch Theodore Roosevelt Thomas Jeffrey Hanks Titusville Tom Hanks Tom Jones Tony Janus Trask Avenue Troy Hickson U. S. Air Force Walt Disney World Walter Lanier Barber William Bellamy William Duane Wood, Jr. William Duane Wood, Sr. Wood, Ira Tinny WTRR Sanford Yvonne Eubanks Yvonne Eubanks Salsbury Yvonne Salsbury https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/3c62ab5226c0162840778fca22563c72.mp3 8b8bac30d1abdbc765005669668d9dcf https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/523e8a6a70e534b3685c4e331f44e28a.pdf 2224edda291f25627abc520209bde702 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Linda McKnight Batman Oral History Project Collection Alternative Title Linda McKnight Batman Collection Subject Ocala (Fla.) Orlando (Fla.) Oviedo (Fla.) Port Tampa (Fla.) Sanford (Fla.) Silver Springs (Fla.) Titusville (Fla.) Zellwood (Fla.) Description Collection of oral histories depicting the history of Seminole County, Florida. The project was funded by Linda McKnight Batman, a former teacher, historian, and Vice President of the State of Florida Commission on Ethics. Language eng Type Collection Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> External Reference Museum of Seminole County History, and University of Central Florida. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/744676869" target="_blank">Researcher's Guide to Seminole County Oral Histories: Linda McKnight Batman Oral History Project</a>. [Sanford, Fla.]: Museum of Seminole County History, 2010. Contributor <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> Coverage Seminole County, Florida Ocala, Florida Oviedo, Florida Port Tampa, Florida Sanford, Florida Silver Springs, Florida Titusville, Florida Zellwood, Florida Contributing Project Linda McKnight Batman Oral History Project Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer Morris, Joseph Interviewee Morgan, Charlie Location <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a>, Sanford, Florida Bit Rate/Frequency 1411kbps Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Oral History of Charlie Morgan Alternative Title Oral History, Morgan Subject Sanford (Fla.) African Americans--Florida Oranges--Florida Citrus--Florida Agriculture--Florida Segregation--Florida Construction Race relations--United States Vietnam War, 1961-1975 Celery Civil rights movements--United States Description An oral history of Charlie Morgan, conducted by Joseph Morris on September 21, 2011. Morgan was born in Atlanta, Georgia, in 1940, but migrated to Bookertown, an African-American community in Sanford, Florida. In the interview, Morgan discusses life in Bookertown, working in the agriculture and construction industries, segregation and race relations in Sanford, moonshine, civil rights, serving in the military during the Vietnam War, how Bookertown and Sanford have changed over time, and Mary McLeod Bethune (1875-1955). Table Of Contents 0:00:00 Introduction and Bookertown 0:02:26 Working on farms 0:05:24 Segregation in education and sports 0:08:03 Farmers in Georgia 0:11:11 Picking oranges 0:15:08 Working in construction 0:16:12 Parents and sister 0:16:49 Bolita and moonshine 0:18:07 Race relations in Sanford 0:22:49 Personal hygiene 0:24:51 Potbellied stoves 0:27:42 Television 0:29:46 Civil rights 0:33:34 Spirituality in the African-American community 0:34:48 Race and socio-economics 0:36:22 Picking apples and cherries 0:39:40 Military service and the draft 0:55:12 Life after military service 0:56:20 Wife and children 0:56:20 Community involvement and civil rights 1:01:56 Charlie Carson 1:03:41 Plans for the future 1:04:15 How Bookertown and Sanford have changed over time 1:11:15 Mary McLeod Bethune 1:13:48 Closing remarks Abstract Oral history interview of Charlie Morgan Interview conducted by Joseph Morris at the <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a>, Sanford, Florida. Type Sound/Podcast Source Original 1-hour, 14-minute, and 22-second oral history: Morgan, Charlie Interviewed by Joseph Morris. September 21, 2011. Audio record available. <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a>, Sanford, Florida. Requires Multimedia software, such as <a href="http://www.apple.com/quicktime/download/" target="_blank"> QuickTime</a>. <a href="https://get.adobe.com/reader/" target="_blank">Adobe Acrobat Reader</a> Is Part Of <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a>, Sanford, Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/123" target="_blank">Linda McKnight Batman Oral History Project Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Coverage Albany, Georgia Bookertown, Sanford, Florida Ace Theatre, Sanford, Florida Ritz Theatre, Sanford, Florida Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Vietnam Creator Morris, Joseph Morgan, Charlie Date Created 2011-09-21 Date Modified 2014-09-14 Date Copyrighted 2011-09-21 Format audio/wav application/pdf Extent 750 MB 212 KB Medium 1-hour, 14-minute, and 22-second audio recording 23-page typed transcript Language eng Mediator History Teacher Civics/Government Teacher Economics Teacher Geography Teacher Provenance Originally created by Joseph Morris and Charlie Morgan. Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by the <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> External Reference Sanford Historical Society (Fla.). <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/53015288" target="_blank">Sanford</a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 2003. Flewellyn, Valada S. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/320804616" target="_blank">African Americans of Sanford</a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Pub, 2009. Transcript Morris This is an interview with Charlie Morgan. This interview is being conducted on the 21st of September, 2011, at the Museum of Seminole County History. The interviewer is Joseph Morris, representing Linda McKnight Batman Oral History Project for the Historical Society of Central Florida. Would you care to tell us about yourself, Charlie Morgan? Morgan Well, I was raised in the Lake Monroe area—a little community called Bookertown. It was established in 1926 by three white men and one black preacher. At that time, we couldn’t live among white people. We lived on the back side of the farms, in the little shanties. We didn’t have doorknobs. We had just a wooden latch to close the door. We were so poor that we didn’t have anything to steal. You had a little one room shack, and you took a sheet and made two rooms out of it. You had a wooden stove. You had to chop wood daily to cook our foods with. We had a little oven in the wood stove, and we had lamplight. We had wooden windows to the little shanty. We had to walk maybe a thousand meters to get water to heat up on the stove so we can take a bath. And we had to carry water for to drink, and water in—we had it in a bucket to keep. And we didn’t have a refrigerator. We had what they called an icebox, where you get about 25, 50 pounds and put it in there. It’ll last about a day and a half, two days, to put our foods on, our perishable foods. So those days we would have to hunt wood. The bottom—the roots of a pine tree, we called it lighter knots. And it’s the sap coming out of the bottom of the wood, and it would burn fast. And that’s what we’d start the fire with. And had oak wood to keep it going. So—and then, our parents would work on the farms, and we thought it was just farms all over the world. It’s just all we knew—farms. You know, we’d need us a cabbage, we’d go out in the backyard and get a cabbage. There’s a field right out there. Corn. And this one white guy was—he was trying to, you know, live a little bit better. He had him a cantaloupe farm. He got me to work with him, and so I worked with him. And he had to go somewhere while I picked the cantaloupes, and when he got back, I gave him the time I had worked. And he didn’t—I knew he didn’t have much money before, from the way he told me. He said, “Oh, no. That’s too much time. Too much time.” I said, “You told me to keep the time.” “Too much money. Too much money.” And I knew that he was trying to make it, like a, you know—but I couldn’t tell him that, because I wanted to make the little money. We wasn’t making that much money. We’d work on the farm, and the kids would get 40 cents an hour, and the ladies would get 50 cents an hour, working on the farm. And the men, if they were driving the tractors and stuff, they’d get 60 cents an hour. So, I wasn’t much of a farm boy. You know, they had okra and cabbage and stuff to cut out. I mean, I could—after they packed the bags, I could throw them on the trucks, something like that. But cutting the okra, you know, I tried to cut it with one hand. That’s the way they used to do it. And I was cutting the tops out the okra. [laughs] He told my mom—said, “Send him home. I won’t have no more okra if he’s cutting all the tops off.” [laughs] So those are some of the things that we went through. And there was a gentleman who we rented the house for $6 month—the standard little shanties. And we’d go up to their house. He had a big, nice house. He had lights in it and all this, and said to myself [?], “They’re rich,” you know. He had—he was a tall, slim, lean white guy, had a big brim hat, and he was—well, we said, “Mr. Buchanan.” We called him “buck-cannon.” “Mr. Buchanan, can we get some of those tangerines?” He said, “Yes. Get you a couple and go.” [laughs] We said, “Okay, thank you!” [laughs] I’d get a—they gettin’ more [inaudible], I got more than a couple. He was looking. He said, “Get along, now! Get along!” [laughs] I guess he didn’t want me to get them all at one time. So those were the days, and then we had—going to school—across the farm was a white school. Well, you know, it was segregation at that time. We had passed the white school walking, and we’d come going over to Bookertown from in the area of the post office. We had walked through there and go through the woods. And they had cows out there, and some time the cows was running, and you had to run through there and through a pass. But they tore down all the woods to build I[nterstate]-4, and so there’s no more evidence of that now. So a black man had probably about 21 or 22 acres. The Briar construction [Briar Team] bought that, and tore down all of those woods, and his intent was to build a complex, but it never materialed[sic] yet. But those were the woods we used to go through, and this black guy had a black baseball park there. People would come from Orlando and Daytona, Apopka. You know, all the black players, you know—we’d get out there. It really wasn’t that good, but, you know, those guys could throw that ball. Some of those guys were Puckwood[?] guys, you know. You know what Puckwood[?] guys are? Morris No, sir. Morgan Well, they cut trees down, and had a certain method. They’d load them onto a truck. Those guys had muscles almost big as my head. You’d get some of those guys to pitching—that ball looking like an asteroid [inaudible] coming. [laughs] I didn’t never want to be a catcher. And I was a young guy, I was about 16 back in 19—was I 16 or 17? Somewhere in there. Morris What year were you born, sir? Morgan 1940. Morris Okay. Morgan Yeah. I was born in Albany, Georgia. My mother brought me down here when I was one year old, you know. That’s when they—most the people would come and they’d tell the other people, ‘cause they wasn’t getting that much money in Georgia. So the white farmers down here were recruiting some of the peoples out there, but not telling the white farmers in Georgia. And what they would do—get their big truck, and they’d be communicating, and they’d come in two or three o’clock in the morning and load up these black people. And the thing was, they said, they’d steal one of the white man[sic] pigs. [laughs] And when they’d get by the white man’s house, said seemed like the old truck put to cranking more than ever, and said they’d hold the pigs off, until he—so he wouldn’t make any noise, and they hit the road. The next morning, white man get up, he don’t have no more help. [laughs] They’re on their way to Florida. They were making more money. Morris Farmers stealing other farmers’ workers? Morgan Help. Yeah. [laughs] Morris Oh, man. Morgan And some of the older guys said, “Well, we can’t go back to Georgia. We stole that white man’s pig.” [laughs] He said, “Now, that many years—the man probably dead now.” [laughs] So they’d get down here, you know—and in Lake Monroe, that’s where a lot of celery, cabbage, and everything, done out there. Sanford was called “Celery City,” because of all the celery. Seventy percent of the celery was grown out there in the Lake Monroe area, and they had the, you know, black workers from Bookertown, Goldsboro, Midway, and Oviedo. They would get big trucks and haul them in, and they’d do the work. And they had pride in their work, you know. When they were planting the celery plants—cabbage plants, anything like that, you know—they would brag about how many thousand they set. You know, that was a big thing. And now, if the white farmer would have a tractor, and they drove that tractor, oh, man, it was like they were riding in a Cadillac. They loved it. They’d go down to the end of the row. I don’t know how they did that. You know, I never was—I never did learn how to drive a tractor. And those guys would get to the end of the row of a field and they would spin that thing around on one wheel and be ready to go down. I just looked at it. It was amazing to me. I never knew how to drive a tractor. [laughs] And then, uh, you know, in the ‘60s, there was a lot of orange picking. Around in this area, there was a lot of oranges. And I tried to pick some oranges, but those thorns was hitting me so hard, and I tried to put it out of my mind, but by the time 11 o’clock, I couldn’t put it out of my mind no longer. Those thorns, they didn’t just tear your shirt all up. You know, it’d be this fight trying to pick those oranges. Morris You’re talking about 11 A.M., sir? Morgan Yeah, 11 A.M. I mean, I’m just trying to pick those oranges. Trying to, you know, get a lot of boxes, you know. Just going, man, but those thorns was hitting me from everywhere. I couldn’t take it no more. I had to rest a little bit. Suck me a few oranges. Morris Did they pay you by the day when you were doing oranges, sir? Or did they pay you by the box? Because you said you were trying to… Morgan Pay you by the box. Morris I see. You were trying to… Morgan Yeah, you were trying to, you know, get a lot of boxes. Morris Gotcha, sir. Morgan And so, I got by my dad one day, and he went out early. He was gonna really make him some money. We had to finish up a grove, and he was there about six o’clock that morning. And he had him a bunch of boxes, a few of them when we got there about nine o’clock. And I said, “I’m gonna get him to work today.” So I got beside him and then went to working, and when we got through with that grove, he didn’t have but one box more than me. He looked—well, he loved the competition. He didn’t want nobody to beat him, especially me, not his son. So, next we went to another grove. So, I said, “I’m gonna have me some fun today.” I put my ladder in the orange time we’d got there, and he throwed[sic] his up there too, and I ran up that ladder—I mean, just literally run up it with my orange sack. And just—I mean, I was just throwing them on through them orange limbs and leaves, with this flying. And he was going at it too. So I got a half a sack, and I went down and dumped them into my little bin. And he looked around. He thought I had a whole sack. He said, “Lord, Jesus!” [laughs] “Lord, Jesus!” There he was. He was picking and picking and I went, I ran up the ladder again, and come down with a half a sack again, enough to—oh, he was really—he was really fighting then. He thought I was really beating him. He said, “Lord, Jesus!” He was picking real fast, and he caught a cramp in his right hand. And he took his left hand, and tried to, you know, unfold it, and the left hand caught a cramp. [laughs] Both of them. Both his hands was all cramped up, and he couldn’t pick. He said, “Well, I’m not gonna kill myself,” and he went down. He had to be careful about holding the rungs of the ladder. And he got 90 cent down there without coming down with a half a sack again. [laughs] He went up that ladder with the cramps. [laughs] Oh, man. He beat me by one box. He beat me. He was not gonna be denied. He wasn’t gonna let his son beat him. Morris How old were you at the time, sir? Morgan I was probably in my twenties, at that time. Morris How long did you pick oranges for? Morgan Just between construction jobs. I worked construction jobs. I started them when I was in high school, because I wanted to make more money. I worked for a guy called B. Edwards[?]. He was on Third Street in Sanford, and he had a stucco crew. And we was doing a lot of stucco out in Sunniland. And I was learning how—starting, you know—some of the guys would teach me how to help those guys they called “plasters.” They would be stuccoing the inside of the house and the outside. And you had to mix the mud with the concrete with a hoe. You didn’t have a mixer then. Morris Oh, okay. Morgan Oh man, my back would be so tired, but I had to survive. It was just me and my mom, then. Morris Your father had passed away, sir? Morgan No. They just weren’t together. Just me and my mom. My sister—she couldn’t take it any longer. She got married and left. She said she wasn’t working on those farms. [laughs] So she went to Jacksonville. She met her husband there, and he was one of these guys—I mean, he was thrifty. I mean, he didn’t mind a little chasin’. He’d sell those numbers, what they called “bolita” I don’t know whether you ever heard about that. Morris No, sir. Morgan They just didn’t do that in Cuba, and they would—you could hear it—Cuba [inaudible]. They knew they was doing that stuff. But it was supposed to be illegal here, but you had the police department, everything, you know. You didn’t give them a tip, then they’d carry you to jail. But so, they’d come by, and you’d give them their tip, they’d go head on. The same as they would with moonshine. They’d make moonshine in the woods out there, Bookertown. And you didn’t get the police. The chief, you know, he would come in and get you. And then the Feds come around. They didn’t want the Feds to know that they was getting money on nothing. They’d let you know when the Feds comin’. And they would let you have a little bit of moonshine, there, then they’d come in and confiscate with the Feds and, you know, make the Feds think they’re doing their jobs. When the Feds leave, they’d bring you up there, they’d take you and your moonshine back out there. [laughs] Oh, man, it was a lot of things and all[?]. And we loved it. We’d go to town maybe once or twice a week. And we’d walk to town. It was fun for us. We didn’t mind walking it. From Lake Monroe, we’d walk down [State Road] 46 all the way into Sanford. And we walkin’ and talkin’. And there was a movie called the Ace Theatre. It’s a vacant lot there on Third [Street] in Sanford Avenue. I don’t know have you been by there. But anyway, that vacant lot was where that Ace Theatre was. That was for black people. And the Ritz Theatre was for white people. The white people sat downstairs, but they wouldn’t let the black people go upstairs. You know how kids is[sic]. They’d go, you know—white kids would yell something, and black folks would throw some popcorn on them or else our drink. [laughs] And then, they had a—one of these—had a black guy that was supposed to be in control of the black kids and so, if he’d catch you doing that, then he’d put you out the movie. So, you know, I guess they was kinda integrating a little bit. [laughs] And then we, you know—if we’d be uptown on Saturday, oh man, we’d come up and see the streets and everything, I mean, oh, it was—we was glad to see uptown, you know. We’d go up and go to the ice cream parlor, and get some ice cream. But if you want a hamburger or something, you have to go to a window with a hole cut in it, and you couldn’t go inside there, you know. Only the white people could go inside. And we’d get a hamburger. They just seemed like they was some good-tasting hamburgers. [laughs] But that’s the way it was. And the later years, you know—I think it was 1959 or ‘60, somewhere in there, the black kids said, “We want to integrate this[?].” And they’d go out down to the [Sanford] Civic Center. They didn’t like the black people going to Sanford Civic Center there. And so, they went in anyway. They called the police, and they go in and run the black people out of there. And they—one of my friends—he’s a professor now in Atlanta—he said, “I will return!” He sounded like General [Douglas] MacArthur. “I will return!” And they did return, and there the police was[sic] too. You know, they didn’t—as far as I know, they didn’t beat them up or nothin’. But they tried to keep them out, and they kept protesting ‘til they built a little center over in Goldsboro called the Boys & Girls Club. I don’t know whether you know where that is or not. But they got that for the black people, but the black people still wanted to go downtown, too. [laughs] They originally wasn’t letting the black people go downtown. And you couldn’t drink out of a fountain that a white person drank out of. You know, you drank out that fountain, if that fountain said “white only”—oh man. Once on Park Avenue, a black guy—he was gonna drink out that white fountain anyway. He drank that, and it was something like a little service station. They had a drink box with the water on the side. He came out with his rifle and hit that black guy—the little young—probably about 17, 18—hit him in the mouth with that rifle and knocked a few teeth out, and he said that fountain was contaminated. Morris Ugh. Morgan “That’s contaminated! You contaminated it—that fountain!” So, same way it was with the outhouse. You couldn’t go in there if it had “white only.” Morris You can “contaminate” an outhouse? It’s contaminated anyway. Morgan Yeah, you contaminate that outhouse if a black person go in there. White man wouldn’t wanna go back in there no more. He probably scrub it and scrub it. He probably get a black person in there. Scrub it with some bleach. Morgan Well—and then they had what they called “octagon soap.” You would—you’d kill a hog and get the grease, and put lye in there, and you would cook this grease. And I don’t know what all they put in there, but they had it on a big, round, black pot. And it cooks a long time, maybe putting wood up under there, cooking it. And when it’d get cold, be in big cakes, and you’d cut out chunks for soap. Some of us bathed with this. Oh man, you’d be—with that lye in it, it wasn’t too good. [laughs] Morris You’ve had better soap, sir? Morgan Oh, yes, I’ve had far better soap than that. But back then, you just didn’t know. And then, you know, we used to bathe in a big tub, you know, tin tub. You didn’t have bathrooms. You’d get in this bath, in this thing, put some wood in the stove and heat up some water. And I was a little boy. My sister used to bathe me. And it was cold, man, and I was in that tub and I just kept moving, you know, ‘cause it was cold, and she was bathing me, and the warm water’s all right, but the house was cold. Didn’t have a—you could see the studs in the wall holding the house up. And then they’d get cardboard from the railroad, where that old icehouse used to be. That’s where everything was shipped out from. They’d throw the cardboard out, and we’d get it, put it in there for drywall. You know, like they do for drywall. Until the rats eat it up, then we had to get some more. So, then, sometimes we had these potbellied stoves to keep warm with in the wintertime. This root of the pine tree was full of sap, and it was easy to get started—to put the oak wood on there. And we’d put it in there—it was cold. I got up and we’d have about five or six quilts on there trying to stay warm, and I put too much of that fat lighter in there. And man, we had a stove pipe, you know, that comes up and then goes out the wall of the house. And man, that’s— the pressure couldn’t get out quick enough of that old stove. It was really red. You could see—was glowing, man. And when it got too much for the old stove, it was coming up off the floor, you know. It was, “woof, woof, woof.” The feet was actually leaving the floor. And then the stove pipes come off. Oh man, we had to scuffle to try to get some rags and put the stove pipe back on there. The whole house was about to catch a-fire. It would have burned down about two minutes if we hadn’t a got it started. And so, we got them put back on there. So, we didn’t put that much in there before. That taught us a lesson. So, in 1960, I was tired of cutting wood. I told my mom, I said, “Mom, I’m not cutting wood no more.” Because the stove—the wood stove—had went bad. After cooking on it so long, where you put the wood in—in the wood stove had been—well, maybe, I don’t know what you call it—rotted away, something. And it fell back on some bread we had in the oven. Ashes all over itself. Said, “Throw that away,” and then we cooked some bread on top of the stove. And I said, “Mom, I’m not cutting any more wood.” I was working a little bit then. I said, “We gonna get a gas stove.” She said, “Oh, no! Oh, no! That food won’t taste right with no gas stove.” [laughs] I said, “Mama, I ain’t choppin’ no more wood.” [laughs] I finally got her to get a gas stove. We got the gas stove. We didn’t have a TV. So we finally got a TV in 1953. And we was the last people living in the little quarters. They ran some poles down there, and brought electric down there too. And we got a TV. Oh, man. I felt we had something when we had that TV. That was something. We said, “Oh, yeah. We got a TV now.” Yeah. We loved to watch The Lone Ranger and Tonto. That’s—oh, man. We’d get brooms and, you know, we’d be Lone Ranger, we’d be riding those brooms. [laughs] But we didn’t know how poor we was, and it didn’t bother us. We just adapted to the situation. Made the best of it, and kept moving. Not that we didn’t try to prepare for a better future, but we didn’t have time to worry about how poor we are. Our mind was on the future. And a lot of us did live a little bit better. And I lived a little better. I worked hard. And it wasn’t a problem—working hard—because you knew where you wanted to go, what you wanted to do. And that’s what stayed on our mind. Not that we wasn’t getting that much. But we punished this body. It was the mind that we were thinking about. We didn’t worry about maybe our children can do better. This is what we were concerned about. Then, we were taught, not—I know the people I knew—not to hate nobody[sic]. So we in charge of ourselves. Even though we’d been oppressed, we’re not gonna worry about the people oppressing us. We gonna do what we know to do, and keep going. Somebody will see our problem. And just like, back in the Northern states, it was more people, you know, integrated than it was in the South. So, they was having problems, and this white lady named Mary [White] Overton—she got with the black people in the NAACP [National Association for the Advancement of Colored People], ‘cause they had a movement called the Niagara Movement with the other blacks, so they can be treated better, you know. Because a lot of black people were being hung lately, in 1909. So, they named after Mary Overton, got it in folk [inaudible] form for the blacks and they called it the NAACP, National Advancement[sic] for the Advancement of Colored People. And so, all those, that’s what started the civil rights advocates came in, Martin Luther King[, Jr.] Ralph Abernathy, Jesse Jackson—a lot of those guys, you know, fighting for freedom in a lot of places. And most people resisted change. And so the white people didn’t like—clearly, said, “It’s not time to change.” And black people coming out there. And the police, they didn’t like that either. They’d get the dogs, sic the dogs on you. They’d be biting you. They’d run the fire hose on you, and slide you down the street—that fire hose. [laughs] And so, you know, sometimes you have to suffer through things to get better. So, if you didn’t accept things just the way they are, and don’t fight for it, sometimes you gonna—some people gonna die, and some gonna get hurt, but you got to resist being treated bad. And don’t think of hating nobody. You think of giving them all the love you can. That’s loving them so they can’t do you no wrong. [laughs] And so, with that attitude, there was a change in heart and a lot of white people, they were seeing what was wrong. It’s a lot of white people didn’t like the way blacks was treated. It’s a lot of them. But they couldn’t do it, because the government had this thing set up. So the people in high echelons could get rich, and they kept all the black and white people fighting while they got all the money. And we knew that, because a lot of white people helped black people back then. But they had to be careful how they did it. They had to do it undercover, because it’s some white people didn’t like it either. They would come beat them up, because they would call you a n—well, a[sic] “N”-lover. [laughs] Morris Gotcha, sir. Morgan So these are some of the things that people have to think, and mostly where we come through was the spiritual thing. We believed in Him—God—and we trusted Him, what the Bible say, and stuck with it. And, just like they said—they always tell you—prayer changes things. And it does. I had experiences. Prayer changes things. You don’t do evil for evil. Some people, you know—some people don’t know that they’re doing wrong until they’re proven that they’re doing wrong. Only thing people was[sic], you know, having a hard time. They was looking out for number one—their family. Said, “The heck with you! My family got to be all right.” [laughs] But then some people looked at that better. Said, “Well, I can be better.” And they can, too. But then, the way the world is, and the way the governments do it all over the world, they want somebody to be on the little—on the totem pole below them, so they can take care of those that greedy after that money. So somebody have to work, and go through these things. Well, the blacks was the low on the totem pole at that time. They’d bring some Puerto Ricans, and some people from Bahamas, different islands and stuff, and they’d work and they’d get them together some crops. But then when so many minorities start coming in, then the blacks started getting moved up a little bit, and so they had to be the one that worked, just like the Mexicans and the Puerto Ricans now, you know. They mostly be picking our oranges and picking their apples in New York. ‘Cause those apple and cherry farmers would have black people a long time ago picking their apples. You go up there and, oh man, well, you making a lot of money up there, more than they was up here. That was big money, you know. I’ve picked some apples and cherries, and [inaudible]. We’d be going after ‘til I went to a private place. They paid a little bit more. It was hard too—picking them. You had to be careful how you handled those apples. If you squeezed them too hard, you could bruise one of them. So, you learn all of that. But when they brought the people up on old school bus from down here, you couldn’t stop eating at the restaurant and eat. You had to go in a—maybe a convenience store or something—back then, and get you a little of some bologna, and moon pies or something, and a soda. And they wouldn’t let but so many blacks come into the store. They wouldn’t be able to watch you. Said, “They might steal something.” And then you didn’t have no bathroom to go to. You had to stop by a wooded area and go out there in the woods somewhere. This is rough. When you get up there, I remember one place. You seen a chicken coop? Those big chicken coops? Where you can stand up and walk in them? Well, they partitioned that off and made rooms for the people to stay in that time that they was up there. And you would work by what they called the “piece.” You’d get so much a box for certain things, you know, like apples, or cherries, or onions. And they had one guy would be over the rest of them. They called him the “crew leader.” And once they took us up there and the work wasn’t ready, you know, for us to go to work. And so they went around into this Italian restaurant, and got this old hard bread. This stuff that the people didn’t eat and stuff. Gathered it up, and they put it in a[sic] old pot, and one man brought a bunch of bullfrogs over there. And they skinned those bullfrogs up. And, man, I didn’t want no bullfrogs. [laughs] They said, “Come on,” and the man said, “Come on! Come on! Come on, and let’s eat this. Eat some of this.” They called it the son of a—son of a “B.” “Come on, get some of this son of a ‘B’!” And he was just boiling and bubbling in there. Had all some of everything—little steak, little, some all kind of little meats, and it was cooking in there. It was bubbling. Man, I don’t want none of that. That’s, I gotta leave here. [laughs] Morris Well, sir, I know you also mentioned earlier, before the interview, that you worked in the military. What time did you, uh—why did you join the military? When did you do that? Because I know you said you were working these other odd jobs—construction, a lot of agriculture. What prompted the move? Morgan Well, I didn’t join. I was drafted. Morris Oh, okay. Morgan They was drafting people at that time. I had went to Philadelphia[, Pennsylvania] to live with my sister, because I wanted to make more money. And my mother was here, so I had to send her money home to her—to help her. I was making about $80 a day up there doing that construction there. Oh man, that was big money. And I was 23 years old. I thought the draft people had forgot about me. I said, “They have forgot about me.” And I was working, and I wanted to get me a trade. I said, “Well, I wanna do automatic transmissions.” I said, “That’ll be a good trade for me.” So I went up in there, they had this sort of thing for free. And they got—when I approached them about it—about the application— he said, “Well, by the time we get you trained, Uncle Sam will be calling you.” And he wasn’t lying, ‘bout two weeks later I got a letter. “Greetings from Uncle Sam!” [laughs] So I didn’t want to go from up there. I wanted to see my mom before I go, and so I came home. And we went downtown there to the bus station, and they—you know, the guy—was calling the names off and everything, and we got on the bus and went to Jacksonville, you know. They’d check you out. You know, sees[sic] you, in case [inaudible], you know, you’re physically ready. And so by the time they get through with us, the bus had gone that was gonna take us to Fort Jackson[, South Carolina]. So they told us to wait ‘til October the 17th. And I was here, I walked down to the Cape with the construction, where they were shooting those rockets off of pad thirty-nine, and the VAB building. I seen all of that. And then October 17th, got ready to catch the bus, and we caught that bus. That bus driver was late, and he was driving. I had dozed off to sleep, and he had waken me when he drove off the road. Was trying to—he was driving. I said, “This man gonna kill us before he get us there.” [laughs] I got—we got—there to Fort Jackson, and we got off with our duffel bags. Well, we didn’t have the duffel bags at that time. We just was in civilian clothes. And then those guys had been there for a while—we was getting off the bus—said, “You’ll be sorry! You’ll be sorry!” Oh, and there was bald head sergeant running upside the bus before it even stopped. I mean, time you’d get to the door, he’d snatch you off. [laughs] Man, it was scaring me, ‘cause he had a bald head and everything. And then—“Get off, you ‘D’-heads! You will hate me before you leave here!” Oh man, they was really—and so, we went through the reception center, went there, and we went to Fort Benning[, Georgia,] they had our duffel bags there. And time we got there, it was worse then. Those drill sergeants and all, they just run up to that bus. He was looking wild and crazy. The guy was in front of me, he had on his hat, like this one—like that—he had on this hat, you know. And coming in there, the hat was too big for his head. They always give you clothes too big for you. Morris Yeah. Morgan And he grabbed that guy, snatched him off the bus, and snatched his hat from him. He snatched him from under his hat, and his hat fell on the ground. That guy had a heart attack. [laughs] I don’t know did he die or not. So, I had the chance to get on off. He didn’t get a chance to grab me. And them[sic] boys was saying the same thing. “You’ll be sorry!” And, you know, we—some of the guys—would be talking and everything, and later that night, we wasn’t used to having bed check, you know. Ten o’clock, you gotta be in bed. He’d come in, you’d be in there and have them lights on. They’d come in there, man, and get you out, two or 2:30 in the morning, drilling you. “You gonna hate me before you leave here!” [laughs] And so that was a good experience, you meet guys that you had never met before. And you meet, you get to mingle with the white guys, the Puerto Ricans, all different races of people. Of course, I had had experiences. In 1953 and 1954 I went to school with white people in New York—in Port Byron, New York—and Lyons, New York. You know, it wasn’t a big thing. People was just people, far as I was concerned. I had enjoyed it, you know, because they really treated me nice. Man, we’d go out there every night having a good time, you know, playing and everything—the kids, you know. And they—when I got ready to come home, they didn’t want me to come home. I said, “I gotta go with my parents.” [laughs] Morris “You’ll be sorry.” Morgan Yeah. “You’ll be sorry!” Then we got to AIT [Advanced Individual Training]. And they was training. They was—these people said basic training, but basic training wasn’t nothing to AIT. Oh man, we had to do 144 exercise. And you started off running two miles, then we got ready to go to Vietnam, we was running eight miles. And do 144 exercise, run eight miles, come back do 10 pull-ups, then you go to breakfast. After you come from breakfast, you go in there and shine those floors, and buff it. Then you get out for your daily training, a 20-mile road march, and after you do that, you do squad tactics. It’s a way to fight. We was in 2nd or 23rd infantry at that time. We was mechanized. And they had, you know, big deuce and a quarter, stuff like that. So, as the Vietnam War was going on, they had a few advisors in Vietnam. And they was taking some of them. And as the war got worse, they sent the colors from Korea to be exchanged there because the KF couldn’t come back to the station until they were winning colors. So, I was honor guard there for a minute at that time. They do shiny helmets and all, and they exchanged the colors and they got us ready for Vietnam. Became a chopper outfit. Used to fly choppers just about every day, repelling from those choppers on ropes, just like those Navy Seals did. We started that. And they had thousands and thousands of choppers. A lot of them was falling because the blades would spit. They didn’t know anything about why those blades were spitting, so they sent us a vehicle mechanic up, and he found out what was going on, and radioed back to the ground and told them that the blades was spitting, but that chopper crashed and he got killed. So, they modified the blades and we did a lot of flying, and we had operation in the Carolinas called Hawk Tower 3. We were 17,000 strong. And Colonel Moore—he was a colonel at that time, who was in charge of the KO [Contracting Officer]. He was a guy—he wouldn’t keel to the devil in hell. Oh man, he didn’t play. And we was men [inaudible] to Carolina, they had the [Lockheed] C-130 [Hercule]s. That plane would—at ankle-deep it would take off in mud. It’s a troop-carrier. It would carry a little over 41 men. The same as that helicopter that looked like a hot dog. It’d carry 41 men. Morris I know what you’re talking about, sir. Morgan Yeah. And we was all over the Carolinas—North and South Carolina. And we had called us—we was training. We’d call in a jet from Jacksonville, and they’d be there in five minutes. Boom. Dropping bags. It sounded like they were bombing down there. And then sometimes the guys would get so aggravated, they’d be wanting to fight war. They’d be angry. Tired, tired of doing this. They’d wanna— “Let’s go to it!” And I said, “Oh, I don’t wanna go to it.” [laughs] And when they got ready to go to Vietnam, it was—we’d get out every morning running eight miles, singing this song: “Watch out, VC [Việt Cộng]. Here we come. Watch out, VC. Here we come.” And I always liked to start something. I said, “Goin’ home. Too much. Here it come.” And it was sergeant, he didn’t know who had said it. “Returning home? Who is the damn wise guy?” Nobody would tell on me. [laughs] Morris If you wanted to keep friends… Morgan [laughs] And so, it started us off again. “Watch out, VC. Here we come.” I said, “Going home, VC. Here I come.” “Who is that damn wise guy?” And then no one would tell on me. I said, “I better stop, before somebody have to tell.” [laughs] Morris Wise decision, sir. Morgan Oh, yeah. And so, I didn’t have that, you know. October the 15th was my ETS [Expiration of Time and Services]. And so, I was with a bunch of the guys, they had a month to go longer than me. And those were the guys that was in that big battle, and I was with them when we got ready to go. I felt so bad, because we was[sic] more—we was training better than they was[sic]. But they put up one hell of a fight. I mean, they killed over 2,000 VC. That was an area that you didn’t supposed to come out of, and they fought good[sic]. I learned how to fire everything. I fired a 3.5 rocket launcher, a 5DM 60 machine gun. I fired the M16 [rifle]. I was expert on everything I fired, ‘cause I wanted to know how to do everything. I didn’t know what I’d have to use. Of course, they train you that way anyway, but I wanted to be good. And I had metals with expert levels for sniper. I fired in there. I was a door gunner in the choppers at times, but that’s when they’d be trying to get that door gunner. They’d be able to shoot that door gunner. [laughs] I didn’t realize that was a dangerous place to be. Morris Sir, door gunner? Come on, you’re sticking your head out there! Morgan Man, see, you got that M16 machine gun—550 rounds per minute. Man, you—they gonna want to get that man out of there, ‘cause he can kill up a lot of people, that door gunner. ‘Cause you firing that thing, you don’t know what you’re gonna hit. When that chopper is, you know, shaking, you just hope you hitting something. Somebody said I was good at it. You don’t know what you’re gonna hit. And I could be sitting close to, you know, a foot away from you in that chopper. I couldn’t hear a word you saying, it made so much noise. And we a-flew a lot of those choppers, man. Sometimes they killed—it was so many—it was 17,000. They could not keep up with us. Sometimes we’d be a day and a half trying to get food. And we had [Type] C-rations sometimes. We had some that were back in 1945. You know, it was vacuum-packed. It was good, man. [laughs] Morris Well, “good” is not the word I would use. Morgan So some of the guys— “I can’t eat that junk!” I said, “Give it here.” [laughs] They called me the “eatin’-est man” in the battalion. Man, I never did get sick out there. And so, if we training, and it’s going to raining, you’re not gonna stop training. Used to be a saying, “It don’t rain on them. It rain in them.” [laughs] You keep—after we get soakin’ wet, and it still rainin’, they said, “Find the driest place and go to sleep.” And man, you’d be so tired, I just fell over the puddle of water, went to sleep. Morris I can imagine, sir. How long did you stay in the service? Morgan Two years. Morris And then what’d you do afterwards? Morgan I came out and I started back doing construction work, getting a dollar and a half an hour in Deltona. We were building—Michael Brothers was building those houses. And that was all we could do. And you know, after I left there, I went down to the Cape. There again, working down there, so I was getting three dollars and 90 cents an hour. Oh man, that was big money then. So, we’d ride down, which was all about 70 miles riding one way. But to get three dollars and 70 cent compared to a dollar and a half—oh, we took the trip. [laughs] And I stayed in construction, and I joined the union and all them, Labor Local 517. And they was, they had insurance and everything. And by that time, my oldest kid was born. And, uh… Morris When did you get married, sir? Morgan I got married to Josephine. She was Josephine Morgan at that time. And then we separated, and she got married again. So, I still stayed in touch with my daughter, and me and her are still friends today. And my daughter’s grown, she got me some grand[kid]s, and I got some great-grand[kid]s. [laughs] Morris What’s your daughter’s name, sir? Morgan Pamela. Name Pamela [Morgan] Brown. It was Pamela Morgan. And then I got another one was born 10 years later. Morris Another daughter, sir? Morgan Yeah. The one when I was 10 years married out there working in Lake Mary. Morris Oh, okay, sir. With a new, a second wife? Morgan Yes. Morris And your second wife’s name? Morgan Name Jeanette [Morgan]. Morris Okay, sir. Morgan And the last daughter was named Belinda—was Belinda Morgan. She’s married, and her husband’s an insurance adjuster. She— =they are both very aggressive, and they try to live better. And they all checks[sic] on me. Checks[sic] on old man. You know, gotta make sure he’s all right. I said, “Papa ain’t what he used to be. Come see about him.” [laughs] So, I just worked all the time. I said, “I’m happy to punish this body to help my kids, so they won’t have to go through what I went through.” I want them to be a[sic] good citizen[s]. America is a good place to be. I never been out of the [United] States, but I see it on the movie. All those different places. And I know I wouldn’t—even when we was oppressed, we were living better than them people over in those other countries. They didn’t hardly have food to eat. We wasn’t never hungry. We had clothes and shoes. So, we were better off than most people was in different countries. We didn’t complain. We knew what we had to do, and we did it, and we was rewarded for it by being a good citizen. Now I just, I—after I got hurt, in construction scaffolding fell on me. And then I’d already hurt in the military too, playing football. And so I just, I said, “I gotta do something for mankind.” I joined the, I joined the NAACP, and I fight for justice. And then I joined the historical society uptown there. That’s where I met Charlie Carlson. And, you know, a lot of the people felt the NAACP was against white people. And it’s not that. A lot of white people join the NAACP. And they did this fight for injustice, you know. And you know, you’d be surprised, the companies that are in the NAACP. [Walt] Disney [World], they give money, 10, 20 thousand dollars a year. Florida Power & Light [Company], a lot of these banks. Because it’s nothing, you know. You don’t treat people wrong. This is what they’re fighting for. They see what they’re doing, and a lot of people see that just like, you know, you got the Ku Klux Klan and Black Panthers, and all that. They don’t go for no wrongdoing, whether it’s the Black Panthers or not. They’re not gonna do that. They’re for justice. And then I got to be a representative for all Seminole County for helping people in need. Then I worked with the police department. They was having festivals out there in Bookertown. They brought the honor guard out. And I was in the paper just about every week. Oh, man. Everywhere. And I wrote these books, and man, the people got jealous, and said I was out there [inaudible]. They got jealous. They thought I was going to get rich, man. I said, “How can I get rich? I ain’t get but $6 for a book. I had to pay almost $3 to get it done.” [laughs] And you know, they wanna say, “Well, this didn’t happen, and this didn’t.” I said, “Oh, yes, it did. You told me that. I can’t do anything unless you tell me, and I wrote it down.” Oh, they got jealous, and they got jealous about the festival, about me being in the paper every week. Charlie Carlson was helping me, you know, with the—he told me about his [inaudible]. He was doing some books, too. He did a lot of books for the society, and he did some out here too. And right now Charlie Carlson is big. Well, he been all over the state, everywhere. Barnes & Noble got him. And he got agents, and I haven’t been able to see him that much. [laughs] Occasionally. I said, “He’s big time now.” Morris Doing what, sir? Morgan Writing books. Morris Okay. And what does he write about? Morgan Some of everything. He wrote about strange Florida. He told me one time, said he like to got ate up by a panther out there in the woods. [laughs] But he didn’t mind going all over in the woods. Can’t eat you out there. And I was raised out there in the—those woods. He said, “Charlie, there’s[sic] snakes out there, man.” [laughs] He walked up. But I went on out there. We got some history and everything. So some of the writers from The Orlando Sentinel come over to the house. I guess like you and me are doing. And it’s a lot of people they interviewed. They went out there, as I told you, to the UCF [University of Central Florida]. And I spoke out there, and I sold about 30 of these books. You know, just giving them away, just getting my history out there. I wasn’t making no big time money. Morris Okay, sir. Morgan What I want to do, though, at some point, is get some videos and talk about it, what happened at different areas on the farms where we used to live at, and all that kind of stuff. And I think that would be good for people that like to sit back and look at that on a CD, you know. So, I haven’t got to that point yet. So, I’m planning on do it. Morris I hope for you will, sir. Morgan Yeah, so.... Morris So where do you live now? In, uh… Morgan Yeah. I live in the same little place out there where we went to school, that historical little old black community. And I got two houses out there. This little place—at the beginning, most of the streets were dirt streets. You couldn’t—two cars couldn’t hardly pass. And you had little saw palmettos was[sic] out there. You know, you had to walk through little paths to go to another house. And it was snake-infested out there. And people worked hard, and you know, get these grubbin’ hoes and dig up those palmettos at the elephant place out there now. And the old school that I went to—the elementary school—is still out there, but it, you know. Nobody’s going to that school. They use it for the Civic Center. And they would, you know—the county would bring us—at Christmastime, they would bring us some candy, and some apples, and some oranges, and stuff, you know. And oh, we’d be happy about that stuff, man. But man, we’d do some things that we shouldn’t, and teacher would come and get us, and bring us in and tell us to bend over the seat. Said, “We gonna put you on the hot seat. Put your hands in your pockets and pull your pants tight, and bend over.” And they’d take some of those long palmettos, you know, with the stickers on them. They’d trim the stickers off. And get that red, man. They said, “If you get up, that’s gonna be some more licks added!” [laughs] And so we didn’t have any lunchroom. We just had, you’d bring your little greasy bag. You know, peanut butter and jelly. And had an icebox, but didn’t have any ice in it. You put it in there. You had a little bench on the outside. When you get ready to eat at lunchtime, and you go and sit outside and eat. And we just—it was just—we had an old cowbell out there. You rang that thing, “boing, boing, boing,” for, you know, recess. You go out there in a few minutes exercise, play a little ball, and then they rang it again, “boing, boing, boing.” You go back in. And it’s a two-room building. They had a divider. First, second, and third in one room and fourth, fifth, and sixth in the other. So, they had—our principal—he was the teacher, and they another teacher on the other side. That’s the way we learned. And then when we would get to the seventh and eighth grade, we’d go to Crooms [High School]. That’s where everybody would meet up, from—all the black people from Oviedo, Goldsboro, Midway, Bookertown, Altamonte [Springs], they’d all meet up at Crooms and go to high school. That’s the way they did it. And a lot of the kids were very smart, because those teachers didn’t play. You was[sic] gonna learn. And you was[sic] gonna learn. They said, “You gotta be twice as smart as the white man.” Said, “You got to learn.” And that’s what motivated, you know. If you get the same job that white man got, said you gotta be twice as smart. And one black girl won The $64,000 Question, and oh, that motivated the black people, ‘cause it was on TV. Morris Oh, yeah? Morgan Yeah, oh, man, she—black people start studying, man. They was really studying. And a lot of those kids come along and some of them are professors, some of them work at the White House, are mathematicians. I mean, this was a lot of smart people coming out of the area. Where we was. ‘Cause they had something to motivate them that looked. They tried—they had a goal. They tried to do better in life. Morris Right. Morgan And see, the white people were competition. [laughs] Competition is good. And, you know, they, you know, some of them now seem like they done lost their motivation. Maybe they need to pick someone out to have competition with. [laughs] ‘Cause a lot of our black kids is[sic] dropping out of school. Maybe they don’t got[sic]—they say they get things so much, they’re not motivated. So I’m trying now to get the [Seminole] County, along with the other guys out there, to redo that school and try to educate some of those kids who said that we can’t [inaudible], and try to pull some of those kids out the street and show them there’s a better life than drugs, you know. Morris Right, sir. Morgan I mean, it’s just a lot of white guys be comin’ out there too. They be buying the drugs. And white girls, I mean, you know—it used to not be no white people living out there in Bookertown. Man, there be a lot of white people out there in Bookertown. [laughs] They all be[sic]—a lot of them be[sic] on them drugs. And it’s a—my cousin was married to a German woman. And it’s another black guy, he was married to a white woman. And she was real smart. She, you know—he knowed[sic] how to do automatic transmission. He taught her, and she’d do it. But he passed away. Me and him grew up together. We, you know—a lot of black and white people be out there. Hispanics—they get babies and stuff. [laughs] Morris Well, sir, we’re about to—we have to start wrapping up. Morgan Yeah. Morris Is there anything else you want to make sure you mentioned before we conclude? Anything—like anything you remember, any circle of events, or any kind of memories from your childhood, or any kind of—something you just forgot about earlier? Morgan Oh, yeah. I remember our teacher was very influential, lady called Miss Hogan. And her friend, I mean, yeah—well, her friend that taught her in college was Miss Bethune, and she came out to our school one time when I was little, but I didn’t think that’s somebody, you know. This, you know, you remember Mary McLeod Bethune? They got the [Bethune-Cookman] University over there in Daytona [Beach]? Morris Okay, sir. Morga Yeah. She came to Crooms out there and talked to us one time. And, you know, that’s a lot of history. Did you read her history? Morris No, sir. Morgan Oh, man. She came there from [South] Carolina. It was a dollar and a half. And they had United Methodist Church. They helped her. And she started a learning place in a little old broke-down shed. She started helping a lot of people, and then you heard some white people started helping her too. And the United Methodist, some other companies. And they dealt—they had her speak at the—what the name of that college? Oh, Rollins [College]. At first, they didn’t want her to speak there, because she was a black woman, but they find out how smart she was, and they let her come back the day she had spoke. [laughs] And she was a president advisor. And see, she scold the president one time, [Franklin D.] Roosevelt. [laughs] Morris Oh, okay. Morgan It’s a lot of history. It’s good to read about her. Morris Sir, she came to your school and talked to you? Morgan Yeah. Well, I was a little boy. I can vaguely remember. I was a little fella, but when she came to Crooms, I remember her then. I remember her. But I just figured she was just educated, that’s all. I didn’t, you know—little country boy, didn’t know nothin’. You know, only thing I knew about was cabbage, corn, and celery. [laughs] Morris And okra. Not to cut the top. Morgan [laughs] Yeah, okra. And killing squirrels and rabbits, you know. And turtles. We ate those, ate those turtles, man. We ate so many turtles out there. Morris Well, it’s because they’re not gonna get away from you very fast. Morgan Oh, man, no. Morris You see a turtle, he’s toast. Morgan Yeah. You know, we had—we could have had and used him [inaudible], with the shells. [laughs] Morris Well, thank you, sir for coming out today and sharing all this with us. Morgan Okay. Anytime you need me. I’m glad to come in and be of service. Morris Appreciate that, sir. Thank you. Click to View (Movie, Podcast, or Website) <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/3c62ab5226c0162840778fca22563c72.mp3" target="_blank">Oral History of Charlie Morgan</a> 3rd Street African Americans African-American community agriculture apples B. Edwards Belinda Morgan Bookertown Briar Team Buchanan cabbage cantaloupe celery Celery City Charlie Carlson Charlie Morgan cherries cherry citrus Civil Rights Movement construction Crooms Academy Crooms High School Downtown Sanford farming farms Hawk Tower 3 Hogan honor guards Jeanette Morgan Joseph Morris Josephine Morgan Labor Local 517 Linda McKnight Batman Oral History Project Mary Jane McLeod Mary Jane McLeod Bethune Mary McLeod Bethune Mary White Overton Michael Brothers Moore Museum of Seminole County History NAACP National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Niagara Movement octagon soaps okra oranges Pamela Brown Pamela Morgan Pamela Morgan Brown potbellied stoves race relations Sanford Sanford Avenue Sanford Civic Center segregation spirituality Sunniland televisions Third Street TV Viet Cong Vietnam Vietnam War https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/cd78f4769e8e45b85bf170fe15b385fe.mp3 036b6fb8889d3948ab83bbc221626ffd https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/fb392c0b83df25923e43be9519172c45.pdf 5309e3142adec2c181f0860cfedd036d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Linda McKnight Batman Oral History Project Collection Alternative Title Linda McKnight Batman Collection Subject Ocala (Fla.) Orlando (Fla.) Oviedo (Fla.) Port Tampa (Fla.) Sanford (Fla.) Silver Springs (Fla.) Titusville (Fla.) Zellwood (Fla.) Description Collection of oral histories depicting the history of Seminole County, Florida. The project was funded by Linda McKnight Batman, a former teacher, historian, and Vice President of the State of Florida Commission on Ethics. Language eng Type Collection Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> External Reference Museum of Seminole County History, and University of Central Florida. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/744676869" target="_blank">Researcher's Guide to Seminole County Oral Histories: Linda McKnight Batman Oral History Project</a>. [Sanford, Fla.]: Museum of Seminole County History, 2010. Contributor <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> Coverage Seminole County, Florida Ocala, Florida Oviedo, Florida Port Tampa, Florida Sanford, Florida Silver Springs, Florida Titusville, Florida Zellwood, Florida Contributing Project Linda McKnight Batman Oral History Project Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer Morris, Joseph Interviewee Clonts, Rex, Jr. Location Rex Clonts, Jr.'s home in Florida Bit Rate/Frequency 1411kpbs Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Oral History of Rex Clonts, Jr. Alternative Title Oral History, Clonts Subject Oviedo (Fla.) Celery Agriculture--Florida Zellwood (Fla.) Citrus--Florida Cattle--Florida Ants--United States Description An oral history of Rex Clonts, Jr., conducted by Joseph Morris on November 2, 2011. Clonts was born in Orlando, Florida, but he was raised in Oviedo. In the interview, Clonts discusses his family's work in agriculture, celery farming, how Oviedo has changed over time, the effect of Walt Disney World and the University of Central Florida (UCF) on the region, the citrus and cattle industries, the relationship between the Oviedo community and the Naval Air Station Sanford (NAS Sanford), and fire ants in Florida. Table Of Contents 0:00:00 Introduction 0:00:40 Family background in agriculture 0:11:32 Celery farming 0:12:06 RECORDING CUTS OFF 0:12:07 Celery farming 0:20:23 Bleaching celery 0:25:34 Childhood memories of mules 0:29:13 Working in the fields 0:31:01 How Oviedo has changed over time 0:33:13 Arrival of Walt Disney World and the University of Central Florida 0:38:11 Evolution of the citrus industry 0:42:27 Central Florida weather 0:43:28 Cattle industry 0:45:19 College education 0:45:46 Plane crash near Oviedo High School 0:48:58 Relationship between the Oviedo community and the Sanford Naval Training Center 0:50:40 Fire ants in Florida 0:55:06 Closing remarks Abstract Oral history interview of Rex Clonts, Jr. Interview conducted by Joseph Morris at Clonts' home in Florida. Type Sound Source Original 55-minute and 16-second oral history: Clonts, Rex, Jr. Interviewed by Joseph Morris. November 2, 2011. Audio record available. <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a>, Sanford, Florida. Requires Multimedia software, such as <a href="http://www.apple.com/quicktime/download/" target="_blank"> QuickTime</a>. <a href="http://www.adobe.com/reader.html" target="_blank">Adobe Acrobat Reader</a> Is Part Of <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a>, Sanford, Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/123" target="_blank">Linda McKnight Batman Oral History Project Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Coverage Oviedo, Florida Zellwood, Florida Black Hammock, Oviedo, Florida Mitchell Hammock, Oviedo, Florida Oviedo High School, Oviedo, Florida Naval Air Station Sanford, Sanford, Florida Creator Morris, Joseph Clonts, Rex, Jr. Date Created 2011-11-02 Date Modified 2014-09-09 Date Copyrighted 2011-11-02 Format audio/wav application/pdf Extent 557 MB 151 KB Medium 55-minute and 16-second audio recording 18-page typed transcript Language eng Mediator History Teacher Economics Teacher Geography Teacher Provenance Originally created by Joseph Morris. Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by the <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> External Reference "<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/audio/Ep41-Oviedo.mp3" target="_blank">Episode 41: Oviedo, with Dr. Richard Adicks</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/audio/Ep41-Oviedo.mp3. Adicks, Richard, and Donna M. Neely. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5890131" target="_blank">Oviedo, Biography of a Town</a>. S.l: s.n.], 1979. Robison, Jim. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/796757419" target="_blank">Around Oviedo</a>. 2012. "<a href="http://www.cityofoviedo.net/node/68" target="_blank">History</a>." City of Oviedo, Florida. http://www.cityofoviedo.net/node/68. Transcript Morris It is November 2, 2011, and I'm talking to Rex Clonts[, Jr.] at his residence. I am Joseph Morris, representing the Linda McKnight Batman Oral History Project for the Historical Society of Central Florida. Mr. Clonts, could you tell us a little about your life? Clonts Well, I was born in 1949 in the hospital, in Orange Memorial Hospital in Orlando, to Rex Clonts, Sr., my dad, and my mother, Thelma Lee Clonts. I'm gonna talk a little bit about their life, if that's okay. Morris Perfect, sir. Clonts My dad came to Oviedo riding in the lap of his mother—he was one year old, age of one—in a Model A Ford, from north Georgia in 1937, I believe. And my mother was born here on Lake Charm in Oviedo. They both passed on rather recently. They—so, basically, both lifelong residents of Oviedo. And after the war [World War II] they married, and I'm the oldest of their five children. Four of us still live right here in Seminole County, and have one sister who lives in Cartersville, Georgia. Morris What kind of jobs did your parents do while they lived in Oviedo, sir? Clonts Their families were in agriculture. Oh, let me start over. Let me start back just a little bit. My mother's family had—her grandfather had moved down here in the 1880s, and her father—my grandfather—C. S. Lee, was born here on Lake Charm in Oviedo. And his dad was in agriculture, taking care of citrus trees. And so my grandfather was always in the citrus, vegetable, and cattle business. And so my mother was familiar with all those endeavors coming up, and it was natural that she married a farmer—my father. His father also had begun farming shortly after arriving in Oviedo. Morris Same type of farming, sir? Clonts Both of them were vegetable farmers growing celery. Morris Okay, sir. Clonts They grew some other crops from time to time, but specialized in celery farming. And so—growing up here—that's what my family did. We had some orange groves, but the majority of the family focus was on the vegetable farming operation. C. R. Clonts Associated Growers was the company that my grandfather started in the early 1940s, and at one time we farmed over 200 acres of celery right here in eastern Seminole County-Oviedo area. You got a mosquito on your cheek. Got him. Morris Thank you, sir. Clonts Celery farming was extremely profitable, lucrative during the early '30s and '40s. Sort of the heyday of the Oviedo celery industry. So their timing was good. But over—after the war, when all the boys came home from the war, and a lot more celery was being grown in the United States, markets went down. Prices went down. The small farms here in Oviedo weren't as easy to operate—weren't as efficient. And so my father and grandfather purchased land in Zellwood—in the Zellwood muck area on Lake Apopka. And they did that in anticipation of needing to be having a more modern, large, contiguous farm. So they purchased that in the year I was born, in 1949. So when I grew up, we were farming both places. My father was farming both—multiple small farms here around Oviedo—Black Hammock, Mitchell Hammock, the Slavia area—and we were raising vegetables at our Zellwood farm. And that was 650 acres. And as a child, I remember going over, and every year they would clear up another portion of that farm. So they started by farming just 40 acres, and then over about another 10 or 12 years, they cleared the rest of it so that they could farm all 650 acres over there. When I went off to college, I specifically—I went to school so that I wouldn't be a farmer. I could have stayed home and been a farmer. So I was planning on working in the business world, and just before I graduated realized the one business I could control was coming back here, taking over the family farm. And so I came back and joined actively working full-time in 1971, when I got out of college. And I moved over to Apopka and ran that Zellwood farm. We grew celery, lettuce, carrots, sweet corn, occasionally onions and parsley—several crops over the years, but the staple was always celery, sweet corn, and carrots. And in about 1978, we closed down our last Oviedo farm. Up until that time, we'd been farming both places, but we closed that down, and the last farm land that we were actively farming is now—is in Mitchell Hammock—is now a sod farm along Mitchell Hammock in between Mitchell Hammock and Chapman Roads. So, no longer used for vegetables. Family still owns the land, but we don't farm vegetables anymore. Morris Okay, sir. So your family's no longer in the farming business, but they were in the farming business up until 1978? Clonts Well, we still were in business here in several ways. We always had orange groves here. Morris Okay, sir. Clonts And we have cattle ranches. Morris Those were my follow-up questions. Clonts Yeah. You know, you'd find most people that had been multi-generational in the vegetable business in Central Florida also have had orange groves and cattle, because the three just naturally go together here. And you can, if you're successful in one, you're able to be successful in the other, usually. Morris How come they go together like that, sir? Clonts Well, vegetables are very seasonal, so, you know, you've got a fall crop and a spring crop, but you got time on your hands during the other portions of the year. So orange grove tends to be more year-round work, but is not as intensive as vegetable farming, so you can sort of work the two together. And then if you've been successful in the vegetable business, usually you reinvest in land, and very often the best use for that land is cattle. Only certain types of land are good vegetable land, but cattle you can graze just about anywhere in Central Florida. Morris Okay, sir. Could you give us a little insight into how you grow vegetables—celery in particular, citrus in particular—like the methods of how you would go about it? Clonts Celery's, in nature, celery grows, um—stop it. Morris Sure thing, sir. Morris Okay, sir. Would you like to continue? Clonts Yeah. Celery in Central Florida is—the seed is planted in the fall, and it’s planted in seed beds so that you can grow a large number of plants in a small, controlled area. You can herbicide them. You can control the irrigation. And as those seeds—because celery seeds are a very difficult seed to sprout. It’s not much larger than a large fleck of pepper, and takes a long time to germinate to get any substantial size, and so we would start planting seed in August. But because that seed is so tender, we would oftentimes cover those plants. First of all, laid burlap out as soon as you rolled the seed down out on the ground, and let the seed actually germinate under the burlap where it would be cooler and moister. You kept the ground moist with subsurface irrigation, and actually surface irrigation between the beds to keep that environment just right for those little seeds to germinate. And then you would remove the sacks after the green—after the seeds germinated and started to show the first leaves. And we would grow them in the seed bed for about four months, and then we would transplant those plants, pull them up by the root, knock the majority of the dirt off the root, and pack them in boxes, take them to the production field. And we used a New Holland transplanter, which is a fairly simple machine that, as it’s pulled through the field, opens up a furrow, and it has a wheel with a set of fingers on it, and you can put the plants one at a time in the notches in the wheel, and as it goes around and puts the root in that furrow, it releases that plant. And we would have a bank of six of these wheels on the back of a tractor-drawn machine, and go through the field and transplant—we called it “setting”—the celery plants in the field. And from that point, they got immediately irrigated with overhead irrigation so that the ground got packed good[sic] around the roots, and they got a good start. Then it took anywhere from 75 to 90—and if the weather was cold, maybe 100—days to produce that crop. So growing celery’s four months in the seed bed, and three months in the field. It’s a long cycle, especially when you consider that in the off-time you’re having. Someone usually would gather seed from an arid region like Utah or California. Had our seed grown. So between the production of seed and the planting of seed and the growing of the crop, was just about a year-round endeavor. And we did all our harvesting in March, April, May, and June. Morris Why did you transplant it from the seed bed to the production area? What was the difference between—is it soil? Clonts No. Well, yes. It did happen to be different soil, but you could take ten acres of seed beds and grow enough plants for 200 acres of field production, and so was much less expensive to take care of that—to do the fungicide, and the weeding, and keeping the insects off of it on ten acres. And then you—when you pull those plants and spread them out where they would get to a large stalk, planted them at the right distance apart, you could have 200 acres of celery out of that. You only had three months to take care of that 200 acres. Morris Oh, okay, sir. So it was easier to guard and protect them when they were younger that way? Clonts Yeah, much easier, much less expensive to protect them. The transplanting operation was expensive, but it was not nearly as expensive as it would have been trying to put those plants—to put those seeds directly in the field and take care of them the whole seven months it took to grow that. And you could, also when that—the seed beds—that ten acres that that seed bed was on… Morris Mosquito’s trying to—he’s gone. He’s just scouting you out, sir. Clonts The ten acres that seed beds are on is very—you intensely farm that, and one of the preparations of doing that intense farming—this will keep the mosquitoes out—is that you level that land meticulously. You tried to—you ran a very intricate irrigation system all tile-drained, and you used—your seed bed land was your most prized possession in the celery business. That seed bed—a good seed bed—plot that was the right consistency of soil and the right ability to not only hold moisture, but to get rid of moisture when you had too much rain—to get rid of excessive rainfall—was very important. So celery farmers did a lot of work to try to get their seed bed just perfect and have the right plot of land to do that with. Morris So that was pretty common then, between celery farmers? Clonts Yeah. Every celery farmer in the state had their own seed beds. And now seed—most celery seed or a good portion of it—is grown in greenhouses. It’s grown in plant trays—in the trays of plants in greenhouses. So it’s got much more of a controlled environment to grow in now, than when we were growing them outside. But still the best plants are the ones grown outdoors. It’s just a lot tougher, a lot more work. Morris Okay, sir. Did you ever bleach the plants—whiten them? Clonts That was a practice that kind of came to an end in the mid-1940s. Until then, yes. They took the boards and put down the sides of celery, at least a portion of it, and they would bleach it. I remember them doing that as a child—I shouldn’t say that. I remember them talking about it, but I don’t actually remember seeing it. Morris Okay, sir. But why did they do that? I personally don’t understand. Clonts It was a practice that—I don’t know this for sure—but I think that it allowed celery to be harvested, and stored in root cellars, and carried much longer through the year, than if celery were left green and packed away and stored. You know, a lot of the original celery growers were Upstate New York and Michigan. In the North, when they grew celery, they grew it in the late summer, harvested it, and stored it, and shipped it out little by little during the wintertime. And so people would traditionally take celery, put it in a root cellar back in the—back before refrigeration. And it was very important to try to preserve that as long as you could before so that you had vegetables, and if you stored potatoes, and everything that you harvested in the fall, you stored and ate on it as long as you could. We’re not used to that nowadays. Nowadays you go to a supermarket and they got, you know, just about every vegetable year-round, but that’s just happened in my lifetime. Prior to that and prior to refrigeration in the early part of the 1900s, vegetables were very seasonal. And so you had an excess—you had an abundance at harvest time—you tried to store that as long as you could. And bleached celery would store better than green celery. Morris Okay, sir. Clonts That’s the reason. That’s the long-winded explanation for bleaching. And because it traditionally had been bleached, even after refrigeration came along in the early part of the 1900s, celery was—had always—people were used to eating bleached celery, so that’s the way it was done. That was phased out, and my understanding is that the military, right before World War II, came out with a report that said green celery was better for you than bleached celery—was more nutritious. And that one report was sort of the tipping point. They had been up until then, for the few years before that, they had been growing bleached and unbleached celery, and after that, bleached celery became a thing of the past. Morris Okay. Well, thank you, sir. Clonts All right. That’s the long-winded explanation. It’s kind of like, you know, why did all citrus juice come from a frozen concentrate can a few years ago, and now it’s available in a not-from-concentrate carton in the refrigerated section of the store? It’s sort of the same thing. It’s an evolution of technology and what people are used to. And you can’t—people don’t change their habits overnight. It takes a while. Morris All right. Gotcha, sir. Clonts But all the celery starting in the late ‘40s then, was not bleached celery. Morris Did your—so I’m understanding—well, you didn’t grow it that way, but your father and grandfather each did? Clonts Grandfathers definitely did. Yes. Morris Okay. Well, how, you said earlier that one of the stories you remember—hearing them talk about bleaching the celery. Do you remember any other childhood memories popped into your mind? You know, whether’s[sic] it in agriculture or just at school? Clonts Well, when I was—I do remember my father’s—excuse me—my grandfather’s mules. He had obviously started—mules were used a lot, exclusively in the 1800s, and quite a bit in the early 1900s, because in Oviedo most of this celery farming was grown on muck, and that soft, organic land, the heavy tractors of the day wouldn’t stand up. They’d do fine out here on the sand land, or where they were mostly used in the Midwest, but that muck soil was, you had to have good flotation. And they would even take the mules’ hooves and wrap them in sacks, and tie around the hooves to increase the footprint of the mule so that he wouldn’t bog up as much when he went through the field. And at the end of the day, untied those sacks off the bottom of the mules’ feet. And the next day, if it was still soft and wet out there, they’d retie them. That would keep him from bogging up. He’d only sink three inches instead of sinking eight inches. Morris And the mule accepted this. Clonts The mules accepted it. And you know, back then, if you were going to be a farmer, you had to be able to have a good—you had to know your mules, and be able to train them, and be able to work them. And it was an art to have a good team of mules. So I remember as a kid, the conversation between my dad and my grandfather, where my dad was saying, “What in the world are you doing keeping those mules? You haven’t plowed a field with them in five years now, and we’re not gonna ever use mules again. I don’t know why you’re fooling with them.” And my grandfather saying, “They’re my mules. I can’t just get rid of them.” So until those mules died, which was probably—I was probably six or seven years old—he still had a barn right on the end of Lake Charm at Florida Avenue. Along Florida Avenue there, he had a barn with two mules in it. But I’ve never seen them work the field. I’ve seen pictures. I’ve got pictures of it. In fact, I’ve got pictures of my grandfather with his mule team and his first tractor in the field, and he’s smiling. I think he’s more proud of the mules than he is the tractor. Morris He had two mules? Is that like a normal amount, or... Clonts Oh, well, they generally used a mule team. They generally used two mule teams farming here. Now, I have no idea how many total teams he had, but probably, you know, two or three teams of two. Morris You said your grandfather had worked the fields. Did your father also work as a farmer? Clonts Yeah. Yes. Morris And growing up, did you do the same? Clonts Well, I worked summers, you know, but—so when school got out in the summer, I’d go work with Dad, and work all summer long at the farm. But my dad always told me that, you know, he wanted me to be whatever I wanted to be. You know, don’t—he didn’t expect me to come back to the farm. If I did, it was going to be my decision. He wanted me to make that decision on my own. Morris Okay. Clonts So as I said, when I went off to college, I went so that I wouldn’t be a farmer, but ended up coming back. Morris When you came back, sir, did you work mostly the administrative? Or did you also go back and work the fields as well? Clonts No, I worked the fields. I mean, you know, times had changed, but we had a crew of tractor drivers and—but I was the farm manager. I oversaw not only decisions on what we were gonna plant and where we were gonna plant it, but when the planting times were gonna be, and how we were gonna try to space the crop out, what personnel we needed for packing, and shipping, and selling. Morris Okay, sir. Can you tell us how it’s changed over the years, like Oviedo and the areas you’ve lived in? Since you were growing up, I’m assuming there’s been a lot of changes between then and now. Clonts Well, Oviedo in the 1950s was an agricultural economy. Between the citrus and the vegetables that were grown, the basis for all the economy and all the services here was built around agriculture. That started changing in the late ‘50s, as some of the new equipment that was available had opened up new farming areas in the United States, and competition. For instance, in South Florida, the Belle Glade area opened up, and it was more economical in a lot of ways to grow products down there than it was up here. So, these farms tended to fall on harder times, and the more marginal farms and marginal farmers dropped out, sometimes bought up by other farmers, and sometimes that land was just taken out of production, never to be put in. There was lots of small pockets here in Oviedo that I remember having vegetables in them, that have not have been farmed in thirty years now. Morris Now, that started occurring the ‘50s, you said, sir? Clonts Well, late ‘50s. And with the, you know, two things things happened about the time I started to go to—I graduated from high school and left to go to college. One is [Walt] Disney [World] opened up, and the other is that UCF [University of Central Florida] was established in our backyard here. And Disney really was the beginning of Orlando being a tourist destination. It had been a wintertime destination for a hundred years, almost, but it had not been a year-round tourist destination until [Walt] Disney established Disney World here. UCF, being so close to Oviedo, changed Oviedo in that it brought in not only the teachers, professors, but all of the services that a large university requires, and, of course, the students. And so, it makes Oviedo a little bit more of a bedroom community to that college—doesn’t make it—Oviedo’s not the classic college town, but it is definitely a bedroom community to UCF. My perspective, because I left for college and didn’t come back to Oviedo—I lived in Apopka after that to run that farm, and just moved back fairly recently. I lived in Apopka for 35 years, but had lots of interests here. My family was here so I was, you know, monthly I was in Oviedo. And so I could see Oviedo change without being part of that change, you know, sort of being distanced from that change. Morris Okay. Clonts And really, not easily described, but a very constant growing and getting less and less dependent on agriculture, more and more dependent on the high-tech industries and moderate. You know, medium manufacturing, light manufacturing, and of course, tourism. Morris As a farmer, did you see UCF and Disney World as problematic for your business or for your community in Orlando? Clonts No, no. You know, you don’t try to rail against progress. It is—and you adapt to it. So, our family’s operation adapted as needed to those, and one reason why we closed the Oviedo farms down and just concentrated on our Zellwood operation was because that was the more modern farm of the last part of the 20th century, and the Oviedo farm was the farm of the first half of the 20th century. Morris Okay, sir. And since then both have farms have been closed down, correct, sir? Clonts Yes. We sold our Zellwood farm to the State of Florida as part of a restoration project to clean up Lake Apopka. Morris Okay. And that was 1979? Clonts No. No, we shut that down, sold that in 1998. Morris Oh, okay, sir. And have you been working elsewhere since then, or traveling, or… Clonts Yeah. We had citrus groves, and we expanded those after selling out the vegetable operation, but basically downsized. I said I retired when I sold the vegetable operation, because I work so much less now than I did back then. But I still stay busy and enjoy growing oranges. You know, even the citrus business has evolved. When I was on the outside, I didn’t think the citrus business changed very much in, you know, my whole lifetime. And then once I got involved in it, I realized it is evolving. So it’s an interesting business to be in. I really enjoy it. Morris How has it evolved? Clonts Well, we were, once again, especially around Oviedo, there were lots of small orange groves. You could send a man on a tractor down the road. If your farm was right here, you could send a man out on over to Casselberry or up to Lake Mary on a tractor pulling an implement, have him do work that day, and drive back in the evening to do work on a ten-acre grove. Now, the liability exposure of putting a tractor on the road, you wouldn’t do—you know, you couldn’t make enough money on a ten-acre grove to just cover the liability exposure. So, groves now tend to be large blocks of a hundred acres, 75 to 500 acres. Anything less than that is pretty hard to caretake. Irrigation systems—groves weren’t irrigated except by portable aluminum pipe. In real dry times in the spring, you would hook portable irrigation pipe to a pump and irrigate down that row—and for two or three hours—and you would shut the pump down, move that pipe through the grove, and reassemble it, and water another strip. Now everything is micro-jet, where there’s a sprinkler under every row, under every tree, year-round, a permanent micro-sprinkler. The irrigation’s mostly done by a timer and moisture sensors in the ground so that you don’t—nothing’s ever touched once it’s installed out there. Morris Oh, okay. Because all I ever see of the orange trees, sir, I don’t get to see underneath the ground. I didn’t know what changes had occurred. Clonts They’ve all got a sprinkler underneath them now. Morris Okay. Clonts And we’re planting much closer than we used to. Trees used to be planted on a 25’ x 25’ spacing. Now, generally, you plant on a 12’ x 24’ spacing, so there’s a lot more trees to the acre, and everything’s worked one way down a row instead of two ways, like they used to do it in a grove. Used to be able to drive down two ways. It’s starting to rain. Do you believe that? Morris No. Clonts Did you leave your windows down? Morris No, sir. Clonts Okay. Morris No. It must be that one random cloud, right there. That’s the one catch about Florida. You never know when it’s gonna rain, even with the sunny skies. Clonts Wow. I’m so surprised at that. I can’t—I wouldn’t have thought it’s gonna rain today, as cool as it was this morning. Morris On the plus side, it doesn’t snow randomly. Clonts Nah. Well, not very often. Morris I think I’ve seen it snow in Florida one time. Clonts Yeah. Morris But the snow disappeared before it hit the ground, and that was in the late ‘80s. Clonts Yeah. Morris Have you ever seen it snow in Florida, sir? Clonts Yeah. Yeah, about three different times I’ve seen where snow stayed around. Morris Really? Clonts Yeah, but not—the Christmas freeze of 1983. Snow stayed in shady spots for two days. Morris Wow. Would not have expected that from Florida. Clonts Yeah. Morris You said you still have the citrus industry as the business. Do you still do cattle, or ... Clonts Well, the Clonts family never was in the cattle business, but we owned pasture land. Morris Oh, okay. Clonts And so, we’ve never been involved directly in the cattle business, but we know it well because we’ve always had land that we leased to my cousins and to other cattlemen who ran the cows, kept up the fences, and paid their lease for all that. Morris Okay. Clonts So, was a way of having a ranch that was active cow ranch without having to be hands-on day-to-day in the business. Morris Okay, sir. And I’m assuming that made it a lot easier, then? Clonts Oh, yeah. Basically, you’re just a landowner. In the cow business, we’ve just been a landowner and landlord to the cattlemen. Morris Okay, sir. Clonts And it’s my mother’s brother, Robert Lee, was very involved in the cattle business all his life, so they leased most of our land. Morris Okay, sir. Jumping off subject, you mentioned when you went to college. You were old enough to go to UCF, were you not? Or was UCF ... Clonts I could’ve gone to UCF, and instead I chose to go to University of South Florida down in Tampa. Morris Oh, really? I didn’t even realize that university was as old. Clonts Yep. Morris So you’re a Bulls fan, then? Clonts That’s right. Morris My best friends would love to hear that. I, however, went to Florida State [University]. Clonts Oh, yeah. Well, that’s another good school. Morris It’s a good school. Are there any particular historical events that come to mind, when you think over the course of your life, sir, that stick out? Clonts Hm. You know, thinking back into my childhood, I remember one that was—and I don’t remember what the year was, probably was about 1961 or ’62—a jet aircraft flying a training mission out at what was then Sanford Naval Training Center [Naval Air Station Sanford], crashed just a few hundred feet from the edge of what is now Lawton Elementary School, but it was the Oviedo High School, which had all twelve grades at that time. And being in class, and hearing that crash, and all the flames and all the confusion afterwards. The pilot died in that crash. You know, one of those things you never forget. But I have forgotten the year. [laughs] So I guess I do forget it. Morris Oh, okay. But you remember the event though, right, sir? Clonts I remember the event. Morris What grade were you in at that time? Clonts It seems like I was in about seventh or eighth grade, something like that. Maybe I was younger than that, because my memory’s still pretty fuzzy. But still it was—I remember the confusion. Morris And was it over by the next day? Did you return to classes normally? Clonts Oh, yeah. And, you know, it was the talk of the town for months and months, but things got back to normal fairly quickly—not, you know. Military jets were still, at that time, you know—it was the new technology. Morris Right. Clonts So it wasn’t—we heard jets flying, but, you know, you didn’t see that many jets back then. Morris Unless they crashed right outside your school. Clonts Unless they crashed next to your school. Morris Then it’s hard to miss them. What kind of relationship did the community have with the military—the base—right there? Especially the farmers. Clonts Oh, I think it was a good relationship. You know, Florida was—a lot of people who were in the military during World War II, when they got out, ended up coming back to Florida, because Florida had been such a good place for military bases in the ‘40s. Got the climate where you can train year-round, you know. It’s a whole lot better being stationed on a base in Pensacola than it is in upstate Michigan in the wintertime. So Florida had lots and lots of bases that trained soldiers of all types in the 1940s. As I said, a lot of those people got a taste of Florida, and once they were out of the military, and maybe got married, and—you know, said, “I know where I want to go.” And they moved back to Florida. Morris Can’t blame them. Clonts Nope. It’s been happening ever since. Morris It has, sir. It has. It’s still, I think—it’s still known for its military bases being more preferable to work—train—here. Because you have some of them in Jacksonville, some still down in Tampa. Clonts Sure. Morris Yeah. Is there anything we haven’t covered, discussed today sir, that you wanted to make sure we got to? Clonts No, I didn’t have any agenda, and I don’t think I’ve done a very good interview. I think I’ve done a pretty average job at this. I remember when fire ants had first gotten into Texas—because fire ants are not native to Florida—and, so fire ants in the mid-‘60s were getting into the state from the coastal states, but they had originally come in in Texas and then spread from there, and the [Douglas] DC-3 airplanes would fly on ant bait over the whole state. They would take a grid of eight miles by eight miles, and they would systematically fly at about three or four hundred feet high, dropping ant bait on a hundred percent of the ground surface. Morris Ant bait was ... Clonts Well, the ant bait was to try to kill fire ants that were coming into the state. Obviously was not successful. Morris Obviously. I didn’t even know they weren’t native to Florida. I just kind of figured they were native everywhere. Clonts No. [laughs] They seem like it now. Morris Yeah. Clonts You know, that’s something that I don’t think you’d see happen today. I mean, there’s new pests now coming into the state of Florida, but at the rate of two or three a year. And you know, we’ve got pythons in the Everglades—that the idea of trying to eradicate an insect like that once it’s got established in the state is probably never going to happen again. Morris Probably not, sir. Did that cause any kind of panic or worry with the farmers? If they took it seriously enough to be spraying the entire state to try to get out fire ants? Clonts Well, fire ants had been—fire ants are a pest, but you just learn to live with them. I mean, fire ants can kill a newborn calf if that calf gets born in the field, and the mother cow drops that calf in an ant pile. I mean, fire ants cause damage to livestock right now. They can kill a newborn calf, but that’s not a high rate of mortality, because it doesn’t happen too often, so it’s not something we try to eradicate anymore. But there was a time when there was a very organized war on fire ants. Morris Who organized this war? Clonts Well, it was at the request of citizens, but it was the government and Ag departments [Department of Agriculture], and so on. Morris Okay. When you say fire ants, you’re talking about the red ones? The black ones had already been here, correct? Or did they both come at the same time? Clonts There’s lots of species of native ants here, some of which bite and some which don’t. Morris Okay. Clonts But the fire ant is the one that, you know, when you step in the mound, you just get swarms of them. Morris Right. There’s one in my front yard. Clonts Yeah. I take those out every time I see one. I get the ant bait out and kill it. But I don’t try to eradicate them all over the state. Morris That would be a little extreme, wouldn’t it? But, is there anything else, sir? Clonts No. Morris All right, sir, this has been invaluable. I really appreciate it. Thank you for letting me come over and talk to you today. Clonts You bet. Click to View (Movie, Podcast, or Website) <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/cd78f4769e8e45b85bf170fe15b385fe.mp3" target="_blank">Oral History of Rex Clonts, Jr.</a> agriculture ants Apopka Black Hammock C. R. Clonts C. R. Clonts Associated Growers C. S. Lee cattle cattle ranch cattle ranches celery Central Florida Charles Simeon Lee citrus Clonts, Thelma Lee farmers farming fire ants Florida Avenue Historical Society of Central Florida irrigation Joseph Morris Lake Apopka Lake Charm Lawton Elementary School Linda McKnight Batman Oral History Project Mitchell Hammock mules Museum of Seminole County History NAS Sanford Naval Air Station Sanford OHS orange groves Orange Memorial Hospital oranges orlando Oviedo Oviedo High School Rex Clonts, Jr. Rex Clonts, Sr. Robert Lee Sanford seed bed seed beds Seminole County Slavia Tampa Thelma Lee Thelma Lee Clonts tourism UCF University of Central Florida University of South Florida USF Walt Disney Walt Disney World Walter Elias Disney Zellwood https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/fac38774dbfc97499b915c3517fa38c1.pdf 21b102ec50535c8d68155feeb2422bb8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Geneva Collection Subject Museums--Florida Description Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of Geneva, Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around. Geneva is a community in Seminole County. The area was originally inhabited by the Timucuan tribe as early as 2000 B.C.E. Between 1765 and 1766, John and William Bartram explored the St. John's River including the area that would become Geneva, which was inhabited at the time by the Seminole tribe formed in the 1760s. New settlers arrived and settled in Harney Cove during the 1843-1845 period. Harney Cove was renamed Geneva in 1880. Contributor <a href="http://www.usgennet.org/usa/fl/county/seminole/Geneva/" target="_blank">Geneva Historical & Genealogical Society</a> Language eng Type Collection Coverage Geneva, Florida Contributing Project <a href="http://www.usgennet.org/usa/fl/county/seminole/Geneva/" target="_blank">Geneva Historical & Genealogical Society</a> Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository <a href="http://www.usgennet.org/usa/fl/county/seminole/Geneva/" target="_blank">Geneva Historical & Genealogical Society</a> External Reference "<a href="http://www.usgennet.org/usa/fl/county/seminole/Geneva/geneva_history.htm" target="_blank">Geneva History</a>." Geneva Historical & Genealogical Society, Inc. http://www.usgennet.org/usa/fl/county/seminole/Geneva/geneva_history.htm. Has Part <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/52" target="_blank">Apopka Historical Society and Museum of the Apopkans Collection</a>, Apopka Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/46" target="_blank">Orange County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer Motta, Daniel Interviewee Haldeman, Harold Location <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a>, Sanford, Florida Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Oral History of Harold Haldeman Alternative Title Oral History, Haldeman Subject Sawmills--United States Maitland (Fla.) Lumber industry Cypress Great Depression, 1929-1939 Description An oral history of Harold Haldeman, conducted by Daniel Motta on July 11, 2012. Haldeman was born on November 12, 1924, in Tampa, Florida, but spent much of his life in Osceola. In the interview, Haldeman discusses his childhood, migration to Osceola, the differences between Maitland and Osceola, the sawmill in Osceola, the lumber industry, race relations in Central Florida, the effect of the Great Depression and World War II on industry, the Geneva airfield, and education in Geneva during the Depression. Abstract Oral history interview of Harold Haldeman. Interview conducted by Daniel Motta at the <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a>, Sanford, Florida. Type Text Source Original oral history: Haldeman, Harold. Interviewed by Daniel Motta. July 11, 2012. <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a>, Sanford, Florida. Requires <a href="http://www.adobe.com/reader.html" target="_blank">Adobe Acrobat Reader</a> Is Part Of <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a>, Sanford, Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/54" target="_blank">Geneva Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Coverage Tampa, Florida Maitland, Florida Osceola, Florida University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida Seminole County Landfill, Geneva, Florida Creator Motta, Daniel Haldeman, Harold Contributor Vickers, Savannah Date Created 2012-07-11 Date Copyrighted 2012-07-11 Format application/pdf Extent 168 KB Medium 21-page typed transcript Language eng Mediator History Teacher Economics Teacher Geography Teacher Provenance Originally created by Daniel Motta and Harold Haldeman and transcribed by Savannah Vickers. Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by the <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> Transcript Motta This is Daniel Motta. I’m here at the Museum of Seminole County History. It is July 11th, 2012. I’m talking with Mr. [Harold] Haldeman. Mr. Haldeman, if you could peek in—could you just tell me where and when you were born? Haldeman I was born in Tampa, Florida, November 12, 1924. Motta All right. And what brought you to Central Florida? Haldeman Well, we initially, when I was about six months old, we moved to Maitland, Florida, where I was baptized in the First Presbyterian Church of Maitland. And we were there until 1928, when my father got a job at the Osceola Cypress Company, which was in Osceola, Florida—not to be confused with Osceola County, you know, where Kissimmee is. Okay? Motta Yeah. Haldeman So we switched to Seminole County. Motta So you were brought to Osceola because of your father, you said? Haldeman That’s right. And I was about four years old at the time. Motta So some of your earlier memories were from the sawmill? Haldeman Yes. In other words, generally speaking, you start remembering things when you’re three and a half or four years old, so I have very good memories of, you know, of the actual move. You know, the physical move, and a little bit about some of the people at the time. But most of it would come, like with most people, five or six years old on up. Motta Okay. Haldeman I wasn’t, naturally, [laughs] I wasn’t out running around much when I was four years old, naturally. Motta Yeah. Well, could you describe a little bit about when you actually arrived in Osceola—the memories as being a child? Could you describe just, like, the day-to-day life of the town? Haldeman Well, of course. I think the first impression was it was different than Maitland, ‘cause in the case of Maitland, even though the house was literally right on [U.S. Route] 17-92—you know, going through the area—there were just houses around without any other infrastructure. Whereas in this case, as you came into town, you’d see some houses on the left-hand side, and the school, and then the boarding house and the post office. And then on the right-hand side, there might be a train of logs there, you know, fifteen cars long, you know, with a train engine, and then in the distance, a sawmill literally at the end of the street. So the infrastructure was naturally quite different than what I was used to. Motta So Osceola actually seemed like more of a bustling town than Maitland, at the time? Haldeman Yes, mainly because you were seeing the whole town kind of at one swoop. Motta Yeah, kind of condensed. Haldeman Whereas the case in Maitland, they had to either go into Winter Park, or inside[?] Maitland itself—as you probably know today [laughs] —still doesn’t have much in the way of business. It’s mostly Winter Park and Orlando. Motta Could you describe the house you moved into, and like the street and neighborhood, a little? Haldeman Well, the first five houses as you came in, on the left-hand side—and you always could remember that you were into the little town, because there was a cattle guard, because the area was fenced off. So from an early age, I remember going across the cattle guard, ‘cause if you were asleep, as a little kid, you’d wake up going over the cattle guard, and you knew you were home. So the first five houses on the left-hand side, which kind of called it executive[?] row. That might be a misterm today. But the first house had the bookkeeper. The second house the general superintendent. The third house the person in charge of the mill—not the president, but the operational manager. And my father was the sales manager. He was the fourth house. The company doctor was in the fifth house. So the house itself was—for a company house—was a pretty nice, you know, relatively, to speak of, of course today, a pretty nice house. And of course they [inaudible] electricity during the [Great] Depression. They didn’t—but, so the facilities were pretty good. The water, of course, the water was free, but it came strictly out of the St. Johns River, so [laughs], you naturally didn’t drink it, but it was okay to take a bath in. So those were the things that I probably would have noticed that—because in Maitland, you know, you have the normal city water and all that sort of thing. But so the house was larger than the one in Maitland, so that was probably noticeable, you know, from a kid’s standpoint. Motta So where did the water that you drank and cooked with—where did that come from? Haldeman The water we drank—that was—unfortunately for the area, if you put down a well, you got quite a bit of salt in the waters. So, had they known—had the company known they were gonna be there that long—they would have even gone deeper to get water, or they would have piped it from Geneva, which was five miles away, but they had good water there. So we used bottled water in some cases. We also supplemented it every time we went into Sanford. We’d always have a couple of five-gallon jugs. In those days, the space between the back seat and the front seat was big enough for five-gallon jugs. And we’d fill it in a filling station, so that was part of it. Now, some of the people, particularly coming from the black quarters, would walk down to the depot on [inaudible] railroad, and there was a pump down there—that the water was drinkable. It had a little strange taste. I mean, it wasn’t, you know, natural spring water, but it was suitable, you know, for that type of thing. But you just had to get used to the taste of it. Motta Well, you mentioned these utilities there. How self-sufficient, like in itself, was Osceola? Did you have to take frequent trips to Orlando or Sanford or anywhere else, to get things? Haldeman Well, the company, they had a company town and they had their company store, which I worked in at a later date, which we’ll cover later. But it was 18 miles into Sanford on the nine-foot road. And so, we generally went into Sanford on Saturdays. That was kind of the custom in those days, particularly people from out of town. And then we got relatively few items from the company store, because [inaudible] was small and didn’t have a lot of buying power. Even though they were pretty honest, the prices were higher there than they would have been at a bigger store in Sanford. And, now, when you get into special holidays or Christmas, we were more apt to go to Orlando, where there was more retail establishments, [inaudible] otherwise. But that was generally the way we got things. Of course, [inaudible], with a catalog, that’s where almost everybody that lived in the countryside got their clothes and a lot of things, ‘cause that was generally cheaper than buying it in most any town. Motta You mentioned that your father was the sales manager. What were his duties? Like how were they different from the other managers’? Haldeman Well, he was sales manager, but he also handled all the administrative things. Like he was in charge of buying the insurance and making sure they had insurance coverage. He bought all the supplies for the mill, and things of that nature that you might call operational manager duties, from that standpoint, because there was relatively few key people, as you can see, you know, from the houses that I mentioned, ‘cause the rest of them were either in the supervisory level or below that. Motta Did… Haldeman Actually, in the sales manager part, he didn’t necessarily handle the salespeople in sales. It would be more like a marketing manager, because they sold through their own representative in Florida to the retail lumber industry, and they sold through wholesale lumber companies in the Midwest and the Northeast. And of course, there wasn’t any reason to go over towards Louisiana or other places in the South, because they already had cypress mills, you know, closer to them. So it was kind of a duke’s mixture of a lot of duties, really. Motta Okay. And there were two higher level managers, your father and the other. What did you say… Haldeman Only one, actually, above him, what would be the president of the company. So you had a very, you know, limited chain of command. Motta So the foreman was just—he had… Haldeman The foreman would actually be under either the sawmill foreman or the planing mill foreman, or something of that nature. And they generally were lumber inspectors or someone that handled the crew. Or, in the case of the sawmill or the planing mill, you had an engineer around the steam engines, where you used the power plant and that sort of thing. Motta Were there any—as you were a child, when you had first got there, do you remember any of the children having any roles in the sawmill business itself, like in any just odd jobs they would do here and there, or like chores they were expected to do by their parents? Was there anything… Haldeman You mean for the mill itself, or for outside of the mill? Motta Really anything, but were they involved in—really anything. Haldeman No, but really not, because there weren’t that many opportunities. There was—it’s not like, you know, going down and working for McDonald’s or something. They would have—including myself—would have loved to have had some opportunities, but there wasn’t even a paper route, you know, to have. So that was very limited, so they generally did things for their folks and, you know, mowed the lawn and all that sort of thing. And in some cases, like in our yard—the yards were fairly large. The yard was a hundred by three hundred, which would be the size of a football field. So you had a lot of grass to cut, and then in the back part you had chickens and a little garden and so forth. So kids in general, like in the country or particularly farm area, have got plenty to do without working at McDonald’s, if you know what I mean. Motta You just mentioned chickens. Was there much livestock there, that the families took care of, or was it a… Haldeman Well, it depends. It depends on the family. The general superintendent at the time, particularly prior to—well, most of the time—he had a cow, you know, that produced milk for the family. And I don’t remember a garden in this case, but we had a garden in the back. It grew, you know, naturally not all of our needs, but certainly it, you know, helped. And that type of thing. And [inaudible] chickens—I raised chickens not only for the family, but I sold them to the workers and so forth around the mill. I generally had about 75 hens, you know, for laying eggs, and then I had about 300 fryers. Fryers, rather than [inaudible] beyond that. In other words, fryer is good to sell when they’re about six to eight weeks old. And you get about 25 cents a pound live weight. Remarkably, eggs and chickens were—adjusted for the dollar—were a lot more expensive back then than they are today. Motta So you were doing this business with your chickens when you were still a child? Haldeman Yeah. Yeah, from the time I was about ten years old ‘til about 15 years old. Motta Okay. Haldeman So, really, ‘til the time we moved away. Motta Did you also say that you had a job in the store—the company store—eventually? Haldeman Yeah, when I got out of high school—Seminole High School—in 1941. I was barely 16 when I got out of high school. So, I didn’t have money to go to college, so I worked in the company store from, you know, May or early June of ’41 until September of ’42, when I went to the University of Florida one year before I went into the Navy. So that would have been 15 months, and I saved enough money to go to Florida. ‘Cause my year at Florida—at University of Florida—in ’42, ’43, my total expenses, including bus fare to Gainesville, was $490. So it was much cheaper to go [laughs] to college back then, because the tuition—if you want to call it tuition—they were on a semester system at the time. So the two semesters, and each one was $64 a semester, which would be $128 for the whole year, and that included your yearbook, your football tickets, and concerts, and, you know, soup to nuts. So, I wouldn’t exactly call that tuition [laughs]. So the cost, most of the cost of going to school was room and board. Motta So… Haldeman Compared to today, it’s quite a contrast. Motta Yeah. Yes. So you said you went to college in 1942 and ’43? Haldeman Yeah. I went ’42 to ’43. Just the one year. And I was supposed to be called to go into the service. I had signed up for a certain thing, but you had to wait ‘til you were called, but for some reason each county is a little different. You could be in one county and be called much earlier than other counties, or much later than other counties, see. And Seminole County just happened to be one that seemed to have not a surplus, but an adequate number. So you might not be called for a while. So actually, when I got out of college that year, I worked at—I went back to work for the company. I worked in the office in the afternoon, and then I ran the light plant. They had their own light plant, and I ran the light plant at night, ‘til 11 o’clock. We didn’t have lights after 11 o’clock. So then I went in the Navy, about the same time that my folks moved down to Port Everglades, or Fort Lauderdale. Motta And that was about—that was the time they moved down there because of the sawmill operation closedown? Haldeman Oh, yeah. It was the closing down thing. My father was there the longest of anybody, because they liquidated the [inaudible] of the company. Actually, the company that continued was a different ownership, but some of the same people. Not all the same people, but some of them. And it became a wholesale lumber distribution of the West Coast lumber, rather than cypress. And, so, they took over the liquidation of the town, which most of it—where they just didn’t—where it’s nothing, you know. A steel rail that would have been junk, you know, scratch steel and so forth. But as the war progressed—World War II—those items that were junk. They started having value. So that was one thing that got them shortage. So my father was in charge of getting rid of the things. So the houses that normally would have just kind of deteriorated were actually moved to Sanford and other places, as full houses. And the things were too big, people would come out and tear them down piece by piece, take them back to other places in Seminole County and build another house, ‘cause you couldn’t get lumber any other way, because the government took all the production, you know, that was available. So you had to use something that was already there in order to build anything. And so some of the trains were—they generally were sold for scrap, but the steel rail was suitable to use in the mines and other places, either in the U.S. or South America. So they brought a lot more money than they would have as scrap—scrap metal. The rails—they were used in the logging woods, and so they were quite a few miles of rail, and they just had it stacked up, you know, ready to be sold as scrap or something. But most of that was sold as rail. Now, it’s what you call “light rail.” You couldn’t use it on the main railroad. So there might be—a regular railroad has at least 100- to 150-pound rail, which is three feet is 150 pounds, where this might be a 60-pound rail or something like that. So it was limited use, but still had a lot of value, when you couldn’t use it any other way. Motta So, why exactly did the sawmill operation move to South Florida? Haldeman Well, the mill didn’t move. They just formed a different type of company. In other words, they no longer sold out of Florida, because they wouldn’t have had enough market, because there’s other people doing the same thing, [inaudible]. In other words, cypress was replaced with lumber from Oregon and Washington and British Columbia and places like that. And what you were shooting for wasn’t [inaudible] in the East very much, because they didn’t—perhaps in the Northwest—not the Northwest—but the Midwest, might have used some. But generally the freight part was too great to compete with things in the Eastern part of the U.S. So the complexion changed considerably, from manufacturing completely to wholesale distribution. In other words, buying lumber on the West Coast of the country. And it either came by ship or by rail over to the Southeast, and then it was distributed all over Florida by truck. So you can see it’s a different type. See, the timber ran out. The last timber they had—well, the first timber when we moved in there—it came from an area between Osteen and New Smyrna, a little town called Maytown, which I guess is still there. And Maytown was kind of a distribution point on the [inaudible] Railroad that went down to Okeechobee. And now—prior to that, it came from the section from Holopaw down to Okeechobee, in the Kissimmee Valley and places like that. But then the latter part of the time, they logged back of Holly Hill and Ormond Beach and that area, which is Tomoka River section and so forth. But that ran out in 1938, so the sawmill shut down for good in ’38, but they still ran the planing mill, and they brought in lumber from the [inaudible] mill. They had a little mill up in Otter Creek, which is west of Gainesville. And then they had their own little [inaudible] mill near Kissimmee. Actually, I guess it would be where [Walt] Disney [World] is now. There used to be some cypress in that area. And, so, but that was a limited amount, and they did that up until about 1943. And then they closed down the planing mill and everything by that time. So, ‘cause even after 1938, they had 25 million [inaudible] of cypress. It was on the drying yard, ‘cause cypress has to be air-dried, compared to chill-dried. So it takes a long time. It takes a year to the inch. If you got a one-inch board, then technically[?] it takes a year to dry it. If it’s two inches, it takes two years. So if you get into bigger stuff, like a tank, it’s four inches, so it can take four years, you know, to dry it. So you got a lot of stock there that takes a number of years to heat it up. In fact, the only thing that speeded it up was—in World War II—was to get into blossom, and the defense part started picking up after 1940. So, that had an effect to pick up the business, and they were able to move it out at a faster rate. That’s the reason that otherwise it might have—the planing mill—might have run for another couple years, had it not been for World War II. Motta Now, I know the company was called the Osceola Cypress Company, but did you deal with any other kinds of woods, or was it just cypress exclusively? Or did you… Haldeman It was just cypress, cypress exclusively, ‘cause it’s pretty hard, in the first place, with yellow pine, which is all over the state, particularly the northern part of the state, at the time, it can be a fairly large mill, or it can be a small mill. And actually, today, a pine mill, you’ve seen the trucks running around with the logs on them. They look like telephone poles, you know, whereas cypress was a much bigger log. It took them a much bigger mill, much like California redwood requires. Motta Yeah. Haldeman Well, so in cypress—the difference is you cut for quality, not for quantity. Now, most mills cut for quantity, and not for quality, because the logger doesn’t want a sawyer looking at it ten different times and treating it all kinds of ways to get it the best cut. They just shoot it through and it’s done with a computer. They do it in such a manner, they get the most [inaudible] rather than the most quality, because the quality’s gonna be pretty general anyhow, pretty much on the low end of the spectrum. Motta So did most sawmills in the Florida area—did they deal with cypress, or was it like a mixed bag? Haldeman No, no, most of them were yellow pine, but the reason there weren’t many cypress was because firstly, there wasn’t that much cypress, but also, you had to have a big mill. Everything about it is big. Then the logging part is very expensive, ‘cause you’re going down in swamps. You build a railroad every mile, and then you have big skinners pulling the log as much as a half-mile in each direction. So that takes a lot of equipment. But on the other hand, the lumber that comes out of it brings a much bigger price. Otherwise, you couldn’t afford anything, ‘cause cypress is not a commercial tree. You can grow a good—pretty good—yellow pine for lumber in 30 years, particularly in Mississippi, where they get a lot of rain. Whereas I don’t think you can even classify cypress, ‘cause usually most of those logs were six or eight hundred years old. Most, to begin with. So 60 years—you get a fencepost, you know. Also, cypress—when you look at cypress around Florida, most of that is what they call “pond cypress,” and it never gets very big. It’s really used for a fencepost and that sort of thing. And for log cabins or something. And it has a lot of sap in it. It has very little heart, so it’ll rot away pretty fast, whereas the bigger logs were heavier heart. Only the last outer inch was sap. So, there’s a big, big difference between the two. Cypress in general was the epitome of the finest in what you call softwoods. Now, and there weren’t too many hardwoods to cut in Florida. They might cut some. I’m sure they would cut some gum and a few things like that, but they did it mainly for their own use, for doing trams[?] going out through the drying yards and that sort of thing. They never did sell it or anything. So 99 percent of the cut was cypress. Motta In the pictures you sent us, I noticed that most everything in the town is made out of wood. Was the building material cypress for the homes, or was that… Haldeman Yeah. Yeah. And the original mill—I’m not sure what the tree was, but the first mill burned down at some point, and evidently the ownership—the deal was different or more money was poured in—I’m not sure what—but the things that were built after about 1921 seemed to be built much better than the ones prior to that time. And you can tell this by—if you look at the one—the company store, that was a sufficient building, but it was a fairly crude building. And some of the early houses weren’t that great. But then, after that, they were built in a much better way. For example, the boarding house, which was the only two-story building you’ll see in the pictures there, the vertical beams on that—when they tore it down, nobody could believe that they were so far apart [laughs]. In other words, that in fact—the guys that tore it down—they finally had to push it over, ‘cause they were scared to go up on top and take the roofing off, because it’s amazing it stays under that long. But of course, when you build something for a temporary basis, you never expect it could be there that long. In fact, one interesting thing between the white people that came out and tore things down—and that had to be white people in this case—they didn’t do nearly as good as the blacks did. The blacks would come out with 15 or 20 of their cousins, you know, and they would do it piece by piece, and they could retrieve much more of the house than the white people that did it, because they weren’t quite in as much a rush, and they had the personnel to be more meticulous on tearing it down. And of course, two stories, in all fairness, was a little different ‘cause of the mere fact it was two stories. And the white group that did that did a very stupid thing. They took all the siding off the bottom before they started taking the roof off. Well, once you take the siding off, you’ve lost all the strength of the building. Then nobody would go up on the top to take the roofing part off. And by “roofing,” I don’t mean the shingles. I’m talking about the boards, ‘cause the roof is—what you put over the roof—the roof is the boards themselves. But at any rate, that’s kind of an interesting sidelight of the differences in the people, you know. Motta I read that many of the workers at the sawmill were black. Was Osceola pretty much as segregated as any other town in the South at that time, or… Haldeman Oh, yeah. The only thing that was probably more democratic, we had two or three black people. In fact, one that—he was kind of a mentor to me, ‘cause I was kind of a little kid following him around. And he—I was always amazed at what he could do with his education and so forth. I will always wonder where he got it from, you know. His wife was a midwife across the river from Sanford, in Enterprise, and she used to bring him out every Monday morning and then pick him up Friday night. And, but he kept up the electrical system, which was the city lights, a 2500-volt system—[inaudible] lighting system—and the light—the engine itself and the generator was in the sawmill and earlier in the planing mill. And they would run only at certain times, because there was no need to run them 24 hours a day. And then there was another black fellow, I think they worked down in the shop, because they built the lumber cars. They kept up the steam engines and all that sort of thing. It was all in-house help. And so, there really—religion or race didn’t seem to have too much to do with it. But now, by nature of the beast, some of the blacks didn’t have opportunity at an earlier age, and that’s understandable. But they had several that had fairly good jobs. And, as far as religion—you didn’t know who was Jewish and who wasn’t Jewish, you know. Not many paid much attention. So that was pretty much, you know—I’d say a full democratic system, except for the housing. Housing was separate, and that was the one part that probably could have been better, but of course, the turnover was a little greater than in the [inaudible]. But most of the blacks were in there, if they were fairly long-term, they would tend to fix things up, and of course the company would furnish lumber for them and so forth. And so a lot of things were done in that way, even in the case of my folks’ house. My father did a lot to it to improve it, and of course the company furnished the lumber part, so there wasn’t a great expense to, you know, to make improvements. Like I built all the chicken houses and all that sort of thing, and there was no shortage of lumber, particularly in the depths of the Depression [laughs]. Motta Since you mentioned the Depression, was there any kind of significant impact on the town at the time? Like in the ‘30s? Haldeman Oh, yeah, because the sawmill—the sawmill shut down in 1932 and didn’t start back up until 1936. 1936 was the first start to pull out of the Depression. Unfortunately, by 1937, it was kind of [laughs], like some of our [inaudible] right now, things kind of went backwards for a while in ’37. So it wasn’t until ’39 or ’40 that it started picking back up again. So, but they managed to get through 1937 okay, because some parts of the country were still doing all right. But Florida—Florida really didn’t pick up until, well, really the first part of World War II. The first preparations were done early starting in 1940, but particularly in ’41, when [Franklin D.] Roosevelt figured we were gonna see this thing, you know, whether we like it or not. So, whereas some parts of the country held up better— ‘cause, as I said, they sold through the wholesalers in the Northeast and the Midwest. But it was affected ‘cause naturally all the sawmill workers, I don’t know where they went [?]. Of course, some of them were from Georgia. They went back to their folks’ farm or whatever, you know. Fortunately, in the Depression, so many people went back to the farms, where their parents were or relatives were, and today we don’t have those farms to go back to. It was a little different. But, and then of course, the logging camp naturally shut down, because there was nobody to, you know, get the logs. So there was[sic] four years—and that was probably the worst—also the worst part of Seminole County or anywhere near there, as far as the Depression was concerned, because the banks closed. The [inaudible] Bank closed there for a while, and not too many banks survived it—the Depression— ‘cause you didn’t have the FDIC [Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation] guarantee any deposits or anything. So, so that was a rough period. So I’m sure Sanford, you know, was affected by it just as much as any other part. I think the only—I must say that Orlando, and perhaps Lakeland, and Miami Beach, probably did the best during the Depression. Orlando seemed to go along. They weren’t booming, but they kept building a few houses during the Depression. Motta When people started leaving the town, to your knowledge—do you know if anybody stayed or stuck around, or didn’t pretty much… Haldeman Well, some of the blacks stayed in Sanford. I know the black that kept the boiler room going, and that was probably one of the more important jobs, ‘cause he was the night boiler man, and so they had to keep it up, keep the steam up—you had to keep the steam up not only to be ready the next day, but also in case of fire. You had to have steam for the steam pumps, for water and so forth. And so you kept it up just enough to keep steam, but not enough, you know, to waste the fuel with excess steam that would blow off if it got to be more than needed. Now, he had quite a family, and a lot of those were either from Sanford or from the back end of Sanford. And as you probably well know, the Sanford[?] district was out east in Sanford, on either Celery Avenue, particularly Geneva Avenue. And then of course the black shopping district was on Sanford Avenue, which was where Gatlin Grocery Store was. In fact, I have an ad in that, 1940 ad of one of their sales in their weekly newspaper thing, kind of interesting to see the price of different things [laughs]. Motta Yeah, I’d imagine. Haldeman So, at any rate, the economic growth—I would suspect that Seminole County was hurt a lot more than Orange County—but maybe not as much as some of the counties in the northern part of Florida. But Jacksonville probably did a little better than some of the others, because that was quite a distribution point for a lot of things, like more so, at that time, relatively speaking, than it is today. Motta So you don’t know of anybody that actually stayed around in Osceola after everybody left? Haldeman No, there wasn’t any place to stay, really, ‘cause the company owned all the houses and they sold them all. But… Motta And they owned the land as well? Haldeman And they owned the land. And in fact, we had to, the land stayed with the [inaudible] company at Port Everglades until 1982. And it was leased out for years to Cameron[?] for cattle. In fact, they had their own cattle for a while, which was never very profitable. Then they sold it to—no, beg your pardon—they leased it to Cameron, which was a cattleman there. In fact, I think there’s a Cameron Boulevard off of around State Route 436, somewhere along in there. But anyway, that’s the Cameron family. And the thousand acres, about 400 of that was prairie off of Lake Harney, so that used to flood every year, almost every year. In recent years, I don’t think it has. But [inaudible], ‘cause when the water went down, of course you had tremendous grazing[?] for cows[?]. The rest of it was kind of a scrub pine area. Ironically, there were no cypress trees in the Oviedo area. They were all pine trees, but none of any size, ‘cause a lot of the land had been cleared for the lumber piles around, and so forth. And the only people that lived beyond that, if you go west, then you get to the end of paved road, there’s a dirt road that goes west and then it trails north. And about five miles north of the St. Johns, there was a place called Days[?]Camp, and that was a man and a woman that lived there—gosh, I don’t know how long they’d been there. But they were there even before the mill came there, and then he died and she married the caretaker. They must have been there—well, they were there through, you know, ’44, ’45. I don’t know what ever happened to them. And then later on, a Southern belle out of Orlando had a little camp on the St. Johns, just beyond where the sawmill was. But for the most part, that area, north until you get to Lemon Bluff, which was near a road going from Orlando—Celery Avenue—and going to Osteen, that part of the river literally was never, never developed, partly because it was low. As you probably know, very little of the St. Johns, from—well, from Palatka to anywhere—almost all of it was low land. Even Sanford would flood when Osceola wouldn’t. They built a sawmill there ‘cause it was one of the few places where they had fairly high land. Motta I understand in the area where the current Seminole County landfill is, there was an airfield around World War II? Haldeman That’s right, ‘cause that was actually some of the company’s property. It really was more than a thousand acres, maybe 1,200 acres. And that was a satellite deal to the naval air station in Jacksonville, because—I mean, in Sanford. See, every field that had a naval setup, those planes were almost all carrier-type planes, you know, for landing in an aircraft carrier. So it took a lot of trading[?] of land[?] and taking off on short distance. They’d mark off the field as if it were an aircraft carrier. And so, so you had, there was one satellite field over at New Smyrna, which was part of the one at Daytona. So almost every one had at least one satellite field. And, in fact, the one in Fort Lauderdale—the big airport we have here was a naval air station, and it had three satellite fields, and they had the bomber planes that were on the aircraft carriers which trained in this area and up there. So, at any rate, that sat there for years, and people would fly in, and they finally had to put sand dunes on it because the drug people were flying in, ‘cause, you know, you could cut in discreetly, come in there without anybody knowing. Motta Yeah. Haldeman Now, we had some real trouble with Seminole County, and they were gonna put a full, just plain old dump out there. And I guess they thought we wouldn’t know anything about it. And I was involved with that, because by that time I was the manager. And so we had to, our lawyer had to fight with City Hall—not City Hall—but their County Hall. And at any rate, we won out on it, so they put a full-fledged, you know, bona fide dump that has all the environmental stuff and so forth. We keep [inaudible] on it because then—in order to take the garbage trucks out there—because that’s where most of the garbage for Sanford goes. They redid the road to a 16-foot road, so we [inaudible] the road. Motta And when was that? Haldeman That would have been about 1970. Motta Okay. Haldeman And, ‘cause, by that time, the company down here had been sold to a division of [inaudible] Corporation, and they didn’t want the non-operational assets, and so the land up there was something they had no desire to own. So that was spun off as a separate thing, and for years it was on the market. But 18 miles east of Sanford was no-man’s land, you know, at the time. Nobody in particular wanted it. The only value in it was the part that was high land on the St. Johns. And so anyway, at any rate, we finally sold it in 1982, and they broke it up into five-acre plots. The reason for that is to make a lot no smaller than five acres, you can put a septic tank on it. Otherwise, you gotta build a plant. So at any rate, they sold several of the lots right on the St. Johns, and there’s a couple houses down there now—two or three. You can’t see them now, because the trees have grown up so much. And then, I thought they would build some of the land where the lumber even sat, ‘cause that was all cleared and drained pretty well, but they never did, to my knowledge. But they built some right along the, it’d be just east of the [inaudible] right-of-way, ‘cause the railroad’s not there, but the right-of-way’s there. And you can see some along in there, ‘cause the trees have grown up and you can’t[?] see it. But I guess they built them there, because if you look east, and look over 400 acres of prairie toward Lake Harney, and if you went very far east you’d be down in lower land, and I don’t think they would have let you build there because it’s subject to flooding. Motta The flood plain. Haldeman So it never was developed as much as I think they thought, but I think the guy that bought it did okay, because he got a pretty good price for the stuff on the water and probably got most of his money back on that, and then hoped that the rest would sell at some point. But since that time, there’s been some houses and things between Osceola and Geneva that you can see along the highway there. Motta I meant to ask you about Geneva, actually. You said at that time Osceola was about five miles away from the central part of Geneva? Haldeman Well, in fact, I think it almost connected five miles to what they call [inaudible] corner. It used to be—and then you’d turn south to go to the end of—until you went about a mile and a half. But those were all Chase & Company orange groves around that whole corner. Later on they built a shortcut that went straight from the Geneva Bridge straight into Geneva. In fact, actually south of Geneva, which is now [State Road] 46. Before 46 used to come toward Osceola and then turn south to get into Geneva. So it was actually about seven and a half miles into where the school was in Geneva. Geneva never was very large. It was strictly a citrus county. It had a lot of orange groves, and they had one packinghouse, and they had, at one time, a little mill to make the orange crates. Almost every packinghouse had some kind of a mill to make the orange crates, ‘cause the orange crates were all wood at that time, but the ones used in the—to bring in the fruit, and also the ones for shipping. And of course, the orange crates used for bringing in fruit were more permanent, and naturally the others were strictly temporary. But it was, as you may well know, even today it’s a very scattered area. Motta Yes. Haldeman But if you drive through, you’ll think there’s 50 people living there. But if you go back off the road, there’s quite a bit of houses, you know, here and there. But it never has grown like they—I would have thought it would have grown a lot more, because it has, you know, quite a bit going. It’s good high ground. It’s 75 feet higher than Osceola was. And it’s nice. That’s the reason the orange trees were there, ‘cause it was nice sandy soil, whereas Osceola was more of a wet soil. Motta You mentioned earlier that between 1932 and ’36, the production at the sawmill stopped? Haldeman Yeah, it was shut down completely. Yeah. Motta What happened to the residents? Did they, did people move away? Haldeman Well, and some probably went back to Georgia. The population there was at least 80 percent black, and so some went to Sanford now[?]. They were beginning to—the celery industry was [inaudible] to get them to move down to Okeechobee, so maybe some of them went down there. You know, it’s amazing, they never really seemed to survive. They just survived very well. Motta Yeah. Haldeman But there were, you know, we didn’t have Social Security. We didn’t have this, that, and the other then, but people seemed to make out one way or the other. A lot of them went back to their folks or their relatives and so forth. You know, you had a lot more people doing things for each other than you would have today. If we had the same kind of depression that we had in the ‘30s, [laughs] I’m not sure that the country would hold together. Probably blow up ‘cause people just aren’t used to taking care of themselves one way or the other. I don’t mean it’s quite that bad, but you know what I mean. Motta Yeah. It would be interesting to see. Haldeman Although it’s interesting what people will do if push comes to shove. Motta Yeah. I’d like to switch to a little more personal topic, if I could. Do you have a, like a favorite memory that you can share with us, of the town or your time there? Something that most people that didn’t live in the town wouldn’t know of, or… Haldeman Well, I think the informality of it. I guess the fact the first four years of school, it was only half a block to the school, so [laughs] you didn’t have very far to walk, you know, to go to school. And then the teacher, you know—as I mentioned one time, I think—when I talked to you, from 1930 to ’32, it was a four—no, I guess it was not until ’34—at any rate, it was a two-room school with two teachers and four grades. And then, as the Depression set in, the school board cut it back to one room, but six grades instead of four. So one teacher taught six grades. So that was an interesting period because you were going to school—I guess people would think that’s a real handicap today, but in the first place, you had top-flight teachers in those days. I mean, you know, really dedicated teachers. Secondly, with only thirteen students, and then they kind of taught each other the [inaudible]. So it’s amazing the education was that good, considering. And then of course the discipline was tight, so I guess what I’m trying to say is—even with that kind of limitation, the education was probably better than it is today, because now, not only is the school class so big, in general the teachers aren’t quite as competent. At least, a lot of people claim they’re not. I don’t mean there’s not hundreds of exceptions. And then they had discipline in those days that they don’t have today. So [laughs], a little off-story on this thing, when I was on a cruise recently on the Columbia River. There was a couple from Georgia. He’d been a schoolteacher and a principal and later in school administration, and then in his later years, he worked for the prison department. And the first day he was shown around the prison, the warden said to him, “Don’t you feel a little uneasy here, in this prison?” He said, “Oh, no. This is a lot better than being in a high school with a change[?] of classes[?].” [laughs] Motta [laughs] Uh-oh. Haldeman Yeah, so it kind of reminded me of the differences in the time, you know. Motta Yeah. Haldeman But anyway, I think of the school system, and then of course, education in Geneva. That was a three-room school, so I went there for the seventh and eighth grade. And actually Geneva was much worse off in the Depression than Osceola, at least those of us that were still in Osceola, and by the time I went there, the sawmill had cranked back up. But Geneva was pretty well-hit right on through. And to make matters worse, of course, as you know, later on, you didn’t need a packinghouse every ten miles away. They consolidated that as trucks came in and so forth, so Geneva was hit quite hard during that period, ‘cause I can remember that not too many kids had shoes, you know. Motta Oh yeah? Haldeman I’ve got a picture of the school there, and I was just looking at it the other day. I was amazed how many ones there were barefoot, you know. Motta Yeah. Haldeman So, whereas at least, in Osceola, they had some kind of income. Also, they stopped collecting rent. Of course, electricity, water was free, so even though the salaries and so forth were cut, you didn’t have a lot of extra other expenses that you might have had somewhere else. Motta Did you enjoy growing up in that area? Like the geography of the area, more than the town itself, I mean? Like, do you have any memories of going down to the river or Lake Harney? Haldeman Oh, yeah, because, and not only, you know, having my own chickens and own things of that nature, because I made little money. I never, you know, got rich on the thing, because—even though I didn’t have too much overhead. And, but I—I built a small boat first, then got one larger. The black person that I mentioned that was kind of a mentor to me, he and I built a really nice boat, and I had a big Johnson motor on it and so forth. I tell you we built it. He was 99 percent and I was one percent, and one of the houses was [inaudible], and we worked at night. He kind of took me as a son, so to speak, because he didn’t have any children, and I mentioned his wife went back to Enterprise during the week, so he didn’t have anything to do at night. So, but I used to follow him around, and I learned a lot from him, not only practical things, but plain old wisdom type of things. But then, later on, you know, I’d think nothing of going down there, getting in the boat, going up to Lemon Bluff or wherever—even Geneva Bridge—without thinking anything about it. If I’d ever broken down, I’d probably still be there, you know, ‘cause [laughs] there were no phones, there were no CB [citizens band] radios, there was no sheriff patrol, you know. There was nothing, you know. In fact, most of the time, nobody even knew I left, you know. They wouldn’t even know where I was. So… Motta That sounds a lot different from today. Haldeman That’s right. That’s right. Far different, yeah. Motta Yeah. Well, we… Haldeman Growing up in any country area has a lot of advantages, and a lot of disadvantages, but a lot of advantages. Motta We have a little bit of time left. Do you have anything you could share that you think I missed that you think is interesting? Haldeman Well, I may have mentioned this either to you or Kim [Nelson], but the, some of the economics is interesting. The houses were—I guess you’d call it executive[?] row—a little unfair to use that term, but that’s about what it amounted to—were $23 a month, and then if you went down to where then you had the schoolhouse and the post office. The post office had the doctor’s office and a little library—at the post office. And that postmistress, of course—that was—I don’t think it was a contract job. I don’t know how it was in those days, but she sold candy and newspapers and other things, because there was only, at the most, 200 people in the town, and half of those didn’t get any mail, so you can see [laughs] it wasn’t that big a post office. Then you had the boardinghouse and then the company store, and then the office, or between the boardinghouse and the company store, one of the pictures I showed you there, it’s called Pine Street. And that was an extension of the white quarters, and on the left side the houses rented for $15 a month. On the right side they were a little smaller and they were $10 dollars a month. And then the ones down at the end crosswise were $6 dollars a month. Now, even those were—had a little two-bedroom houses. I mean, I don’t know, but maybe eight hundred, nine hundred feet, so they weren’t baby. And then the black quarters was west of that, and they varied all over the place, and usually they could be—they weren’t, you know, anything to write home about, but I can say a lot of times people added onto it or fixed it up or this, that, and the other with it. So I was never down there too much. I could go down there as a kid. In fact, that was the only place you could get a Coca-Cola at night—was to go down there, ‘cause they had their own little juke joint down there, you know. And there’s no place wilder than a black section on Saturday night [laughs]. Motta Did you play a lot with the black children? Was that—did you guys mingle? Haldeman No, no. That was—I guess it was strictly because of the location. I don’t think it had too much to do with race. Young kids, no matter how far back you go, never pay much attention to race. Only older people pay attention to race. Motta Yeah. Haldeman But I think this had to do with location. But as far as the workers, you know—in fact, the company had some kind of agreement with the sheriff’s department, because they didn’t have any kind of police force at all, but I guess they did have something [inaudible] whatever kind of sheriff department he had. I’m sure it wasn’t that big a deal in Seminole County back then. But they had some kind of agreement with the sheriff at the jail in Sanford. They always kept on the payroll about two people that were on probation and everything had been in jail or whatever. And I remember one that used to—when I didn’t mow the yard—he sometimes would help mowing the yard. And he killed his wife or something or other. They were all, you know, most of the black things[?] in those days had to do with domestic squabbles or something, you know. You know, [laughs] I didn’t think about the fact that he murdered somebody. In those days, you just didn’t give it a second thought. So those were some of the differences. So there was a little more camaraderie among the adult part than there was the kids’ part. Personally, you know, you rarely saw the kids, to be honest with you, because they pretty well did their own thing. They had their own school. The only thing they didn’t have is a high school, but of course, not every white person went to high school in those days either, for that matter. So. They had the opportunity. I think they—if they went to high school, they stayed with somebody in Sanford or something. I don’t remember. And I really don’t remember that we had hardly any people of that age that I can remember. They were always younger than that. I don’t know what happened to them when they grew up. They probably went to work somewhere else, I guess. Motta Well, Mr. Haldeman. Thank you very much for talking with me today. Haldeman Okay, and if there’s anything that we missed or there’s, you know, something to expand on or some other part of an outline that got missed, you know, call me anytime. Now, if I don’t answer when you call from the museum, it shows up here as unavailable. Sometimes we don’t catch that right off. If we ever answered unavailable, call… African Americans Cameron Cameron Boulevard Celery Avenue chickens cypress cypresses First Presbyterian Church of Maitland Gainesville Gatlin Grocery Store Geneva Geneva Avenue Geneva Bridge Great Depression Haldeman, Harold hardwood hens Lake Harney Lemon Bluff logging lumber lumber industry Maitland Maytown Motta, Daniel Osceola pine mill Pine Street planing mill pond cypress Port Everglades Sanford Sanford Avenue sawmill segregation Seminole County softwood SR 436 St. Johns River timber U.S. 17-92 UF University of Florida World War II WWII yellow pine https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/07e6bec83a190e1b586ee004f7edcbdd.mp3 187a4a9be507784ce65c432f6a6b8526 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/be86d7afae2d764311c85f1823f0025c.pdf 119f341379fca234c9f13ef52d2434db Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Casselberry Collection Alternative Title Casselberry Collection Subject Casselberry (Fla.) Description Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of Casselberry, Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around. Fort Concord was constructed near Lake Concord in 1849 to protect settlers during the Seminole Wars. Settlement increased following the passage of the Homestead Act in 1862. Stephen J. L. Hooker, the nephew of Florida cattleman William B. Hooker, migrated to the present-day Casselberry area in the 1850s. Gordon J. Barnett migrated to Altamonte Springs from New York and opened a fernery in the area. He also began a housing development called Fern Park Estates. Soon, the area became one of the world's largest fern producers. In 1926, Hibbard Casselberry migrated to Fern Park from Winnetka, Illinois, and began his own subdivision called Winter Park Ferneries. In 1937, Barnett was elected to the Florida House of Representative and failed passed a bill to incorporate the Town of Fern Park. On October 10, 1940, the Casselberry, which included parts of Fern Park, was incorporated as a tax-free town. The fern industry declined during World War II and Hibbard Casselberry began manufacturing bandoliers, bomb parachutes, and hospital tent liners. The City of Casselberry was incorporated on July 25, 1965. Contributor <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/44" target="_blank">Seminole County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Casselberry, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="http://www.casselberry.org/index.aspx?nid=33" target="_blank">History</a>." City of Casselberry. http://www.casselberry.org/index.aspx?nid=33. Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer Motta, Daniel Interviewee Casselberry, Leonard Casselberry, Janes Location <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a>, Sanford, Florida. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Oral History of Leonard Casselberry and Jane Casselberry Alternative Title Oral History, Casselberry Subject Casselberry (Fla.) Winter Park (Fla.) Ferns--Florida Azaleas--United States Description An oral history of Leonard and Jane Casselberry, conducted by Daniel Motta on May 30, 2012. In the interview, the Casselberrys discuss life in Casselberry, Florida, which was founded by Leonard's father, Hibbard Casselberry. Other topics discussed include the founding of Casselberry, working in the fern industry, the effect of World War II on the home front, how Leonard and Jane met, how Casselberry has changed over time, Hibbard Casselberry's involvement in growing azaleas and oak trees, and the Casselberrys' occupations after Leonard left the U.S. Navy. Table Of Contents 0:00:00 Introduction 0:00:38 Education and childhood 0:02:00 Founding of Casselberry 0:04:28 How Leonard and Jane met 0:04:37 Working with ferns 0:13:04 Shipping ferns 0:15:59 Fern industry during the war 0:18:41 Leonard's father 0:19:48 How the city has progressed over time 0:21:50 Leonard's father and azaleas 0:24:08 Orange groves, oak trees, and local competition 0:26:20 After leaving the Navy 0:36:20 Opinion of Casselberry today 0:37:29 Leonard's occupations 0:38:53 Closing remarks Abstract Oral history interview of Leonard Casselberry and Jane Casselberry. Interview conducted by Daniel Motta at the <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> in Sanford, Florida. Type Moving Image Source Original 39-minute and 14-second oral history: Casselberry, Leonard and Jane Casselberry. Interviewed by Daniel Motta. UCF Community Veterans History Project. May 30, 2012. Audio record available. <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a>, Sanford, Florida. Requires Multimedia software, such as <a href="http://www.apple.com/quicktime/download/" target="_blank"> QuickTime</a>. <a href="http://www.adobe.com/reader.html" target="_blank">Adobe Acrobat Reader</a> Is Part Of <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a>, Sanford, Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/117" target="_blank">Casselberry Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Creator Motta, Daniel Contributor Casselberry, Leonard Casselberry, Jane Vickers, Savannah Date Created 2012-05-30 Date Modified 2014-09-30 Date Copyrighted 2012-05-30 Format video/wav application/pdf Extent 396 MB 172 KB Medium 39-minute and 14-second audio recording 19-page typed transcript Language eng Mediator History Teacher Economics Teacher Geography Teacher Provenance Originally created by Daniel Motta, Leonard Casselberry, and Janes Casselberry, and transcribed by Savannah Vickers. Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by the <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> External Reference "<a href="http://www.casselberry.org/index.aspx?nid=33" target="_blank">History</a>." City of Casselberry. http://www.casselberry.org/. Robison, Jim. "<a href="http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2003-05-25/news/0305230547_1_casselberry-fern-hibbard" target="_blank">Casselberry Family Sheds New Light On Life Of City Founder</a>." The Orlando Sentinel, May 25, 2003. http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2003-05-25/news/0305230547_1_casselberry-fern-hibbard. Click to View (Movie, Podcast, or Website) <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/files/original/07e6bec83a190e1b586ee004f7edcbdd.mp3" target="_blank">Oral History of Leonard Casselberry and Jane Casselberry</a> Transcript Motta All right. It is May 30, 2012, and I am speaking to Mr. Leonard Casselberry and Mrs. Jane Casselberry at the Museum of Seminole County History. To start off, Mr. Casselberry, can you tell me a little about where you were born and your childhood? Leonard Well, I was born in Chicago[, Illinois]. I fit in a shoebox when I came down here, and I grew up and went to school in Winter Park. Motta So you just moved down here when you were one or two? Leonard Yes, yes. Motta So you went through high school in Winter Park High School? Leonard I went to military school two years. Jane Bolles Leonard Bolles Military School in Jacksonville. Motta Jacksonville. Leonard And went in the Navy. Motta So did you not spend much of your childhood in the Central Florida area, or… Leonard Oh, yes. Yes, went to school in Winter Park, and back out in Casselberry, when I was working out there, following my dad around a little bit. It’s what you usually do [laughs]. Motta So how long did you stay? You went through high school here, or just—when did you go to military school? Leonard Junior, senior year. Motta Okay. Was there any particular reason you went there, or... Leonard Well, it was just coming up on the war [World War II], and dad sent us for a little military training or something. Motta So how old were you when the war broke out? Leonard Eighteen or something. Jane Seventeen, I think. Leonard Seventeen. Motta Seventeen? So you didn’t serve? You were a little too young then? Leonard Couldn’t get in, then. Motta Yeah. No, no problem there. Leonard [laughs]. Motta So do you have any memories of—I mean, how was it, being the son of somebody who was starting his own town? Leonard Of course, we—Dad<a title="">[1]</a> was in the fern business out here, and occasionally I could ride from Winter Park, where I went to school at. We lived on Lake Maitland in Winter Park, and I’d ride with Dad coming out here. From Via Tuscany, and then come out on… Jane Lake Howell Road. Leonard Lake Howell Road, and turn left and come back out this way. Motta I imagine that trip was different then, much different-looking. Leonard Yes, came by the turkey farm, and came on out through the orange groves, on out to Casselberry. Jane It wasn’t Casselberry in charter until 1940. His dad came in 1926, to work with—what’d they call it, Fern Park Estates? Where they would try to have like an artist colony, and people to come down, and they would have a little piece of fernery, and some orange, piece of orange groves. Maybe they’d have a little income with their house, and they could retire here or come in the winter, and… Motta And that was with Mr. Burnett? Jane Yes, he was hired to sell real estate, and to—and Mr. Burnett had a fernery, and Mr. Casselberry started his own fernery, and of course there was a lot of tension between the two. Motta Yeah, I’d imagine. Yeah. Jane Yeah. Motta And you went to Winter Park High School, correct—s well? Jane I did. I graduated from Winter Park High. Motta And that’s where you two met? Jane Yes. Motta So did either of you do any work with the ferns or azaleas or anything? Like, were you actually… Jane He did as a kid, in the winter, when they called everybody in due to the danger of freezing. Motta Any stories there? Leonard Well, you know, are you familiar with a fern shed, and you see the pots and so on? But what’s the temperature on there? And the temperature indicates it’s going to be down close to freezing. We’d call the hands in, so to speak, and watch the temperature, and then Dad had thermometers stuck in the different areas around the fernery, so we could check the different areas, and when the temperature goes down in one part of it, they notify, send somebody out to get the hands, ‘cause most of them didn’t live in Casselberry. They lived over in Altamonte [Springs], and they’d send the truck around, get the fellows to come in that were gonna be there, and one of the ladies would come in, do a little cooking for us. We’d watch, read the thermometers, and when the temperature goes down close to 30-something, we’d pass the word along. The men would come on in, and they’d get their—some of them would have—Dad used to issue boots, and… Jane How did they light the smudge pots? Leonard They’d go around with—light the flare or a little torchlight that they could light, and they’d tip them down and spill some of the diesel and gas mixture into the pot to get it started. Motta Into the soil? Leonard In the pot. Light up, take a little while, ‘cause it was fuel oil and not gasoline. It’d explode or something. So. Motta So that’s how they kept the ferns warm? Leonard Yes—well, they’d light it. And, I was reading—Paul Bates was one of those foremen there, and he’d go in and light the north, and the west, or sometimes the east side, first. A row along the fence. Well, the heat inside slat roofs like that, keeps some of the heat underneath. But it’d let the sunlight in the daytime, but when it got cold, it’d keep some of the heat in it. When the temperature got down to 32 [degrees Fahrenheit], they’d light up the side that the breeze was blowing on, and that would go through the fernery and would still keep it above freezing, until it got lower at other parts and they’d light other pots. Sometimes they’d have to light them all—before morning, ‘cause the cold temperature here about seven o’clock or after. It was quite interesting, and we’d get around the heaters, and of course we’d have to continue reading, and if the temperature drops down, or comes back up, we’d put some of them out, or didn’t light them all. When the time comes to shut them down, they’d go by and snuff them out. Then we’d have to fuel them, and Dad got the Atlantic Coast Line Railway[sic] to put a side track on up there where Casselberry’s siding, inside where our railroad station is, and how it got started. Got a siding there. They’d come in, drop a tanker there, and we’d pump it out of there, and some of it would be there, then we’d pump it from there, part of it, out to a tank out by one part of the fernery, and another part to another part. Then they also had another pump. It would feed the line. We had line running from the tank on out the fernery. I don’t know if it shows it in this photograph or not, of a—run about a two-inch line, and then drops down to smaller, and then we had the faucet to fill at the end of each row where the pots were going down through, like in a row, and fasten the oil hose there, close the valve, of course, and then, move to the next one and fill the next row of pots that way. Motta Well, there’s a lot—there’s a lot you don’t think about, that goes into that. Leonard Yeah, they dragged in the oil, you know, like a sprinkler line or hose line down there, and it has a valve on the hose, so you’ll stick it inside the pot and watch until it gets full, turn it off and go to the next pot, does the same thing, in a row, and then as far as they can reach, and then go over to the next one and go back down, to fill them so they’d be ready for the next day. Jane Well, tell him about how they’d cut the fern asparagus plumosus and how they sorted it and everything. Leonard Well, asparagus plumosus used to—you’d refer to it as that ferns you’d see in the front of the banquet or someplace like that. Jane The center of the table. Leonard The center of the table. Sometime you get a flake of it in your butter or something—like that, butter patty? Jane [laughs]. Leonard It’s a lacy fern, and it usually lays flat. When it grows, as you call it asparagus plumosus, it comes up just like a shoot of asparagus, and comes on out and sticks way up in a room like this and finally feathers out up there like that, and turned—of course, it’s not always green. It’s yellow and gets green when—it gets dark green—when you grip it off to bring in the packinghouse, and in the packinghouse, they’ll cut them and bring them in in bunches, big bunches like this—field hands— ‘cause they’ll catch all different kinds when they’re clipping them, just trying to clip ripe ones, or good ones, so to speak, and then we they come in—and then the girls will grade them, and they’ll grade them, and some of them are long, and some of them are medium, and some will be shorts. Motta And get rid of the… Leonard The rest of them. Motta The rejects. Leonard Well, yeah. Go out, and then, they will be more or less laid flat on each other, like this, with a ball, bag of moss, like, on the end of it, with a—they’re tied together. Jane And it would have been in a tank of water. Leonard Ball of paper around it, and then they would be put in a tank to preserve them, like when you put flowers in a jar to keep them. Motta Were they shipped out like that? Leonard They would just sit down on slats in shallow tanks, like this, in rows, and then they would go in, pick them out, and go to pack them. Well, they were taken out of there, and dipped in icy water, and break up ice, put it in a tank, about so square and that deep. They’d dip them in so they’d get wet all the way through. Then they’d throw them on the rack and let them drain out, and then they’d put them in thin wood pack… Jane Crates. Leonard Crates, like food crates, like… Motta Like fruit crates? Leonard Similar to that, and they would line the box with newspapers. We used to open up newspapers, get them flat like this, and then we’d roll them and take them and sell them to Barnett or Casselberry who needs them, buys them, pays them so much a pound for them. So many cents a pound for them. The newspapers all flat, and they’d take four, five, six of them to line the box, put down the end, the side, and the side like this, and some in the bottom. They’d put a few bunches of fern in there like this, and then they’d have a chunk ice, and wrap it in newspaper, several layers, depending upon the size of the box for shipping, and you’d be put it in the middle. They’d put some more fern around it like that, close newspapers around it like that, and close the crate like that. Then you gotta—like an ice box, ice in the middle, wrapped up in paper, and the fern’s the insulation, and outside’s the insulation’s newspapers, and they’d take it to the railway express, and they’d load it on the train. Motta I never realized how much ice was involved with ferns. Leonard Yes. Jane And the—these ferns were shipped directly to the florist, and they could be packed to order if they wanted so many shorts or longs. Motta And did you ship just to around the Florida area, or nationally? Leonard Nationally. Jane All the states and Canada. Motta Oh, yeah? Jane At one time, it was the largest fern business in the world. Motta And that kind of tapered off after the [World] War [II]? Jane Well, during the war, of course, that was not a priority, to ship ferns. There were war materials. Also, a lot of the men were called to war, and didn’t have people to work. Motta So the women were mostly working in the… Jane So that’s when Mr. Casselberry was looking for something to help the war effort that would involve something that the women would be good at, and they said women can sew, you know. So that’s when they started making the bandoliers for the Army. Leonard And parachutes for fragmentation bombs? Jane That came later. Motta And your father—did he own the factories that made those, or... Jane Yes. Leonard Yes, he converted some of the buildings where the fertilizer mixing—where we mixed the fertilizer for a while, and we quit doing that and used that building on the railroad… Jane To make bandoliers. Leonard To make bandoliers on it. Jane But for the parachutes, we had to have a special building, and of course getting any priority to build anything was frankly impossible back then. Leonard Couldn’t build, even with the parts that you couldn’t buy building material, to build houses or anything like that, ‘cause everything was going to the war. Jane But he got the permission ‘cause they needed this product, and it went up in, what, how many days? A month or two months, and they said it was like a miracle building, you know. So that’s where they were making the bomb chutes to be used… Motta Do you… Jane Do you wanna tell what they—how they—why they needed them? Leonard Well, they needed them for fragmentation bombs. The ones they dropped bombs on, they had to fly low to drop down. But when you drop a bomb, it follows along underneath your plane. So they wanted a parachute for the backup to slow the—so the pilot could get out, you know? Jane Lost a lot of planes that way! Leonard [laughs]. Jane So they came up with the idea of putting a parachute on the bomb so it would slow it down and let the crew get away. Motta I’ve always seen the parachutes on the bomb, and I never thought of that. Yeah, that’s—could I—I’d like to back up a little bit. When you two met in high school, did you know who he was? I mean, did you know, like, who his father was? Jane Well, we were probably in tenth grade, and we would have shared some classes, study hall. Motta So everybody knew who his father was and everything at that time? Jane Well, not really much. But he had a nice convertible—owned by his dad—that he could come to school in. [laughs] Motta What kind of convertible? Jane Ford. Leonard This was a Ford Club Coupe convertible, with the top down. Motta Oh [laughs]. That’s a nice Florida car. Leonard Yeah, she wanted a ride home, but she didn’t tell me that ‘til later. Motta [laughs] Well, looks like things worked out well. Leonard Yes, very well. Jane Yes, and he lived on one side of Lake Maitland, and I lived on the other, and he would come see me in his mother’s sailboat. Motta So that was in Winter Park, not Maitland, you lived in? Jane That was Winter Park, Lake Maitland. Motta Okay. So, I mean, [laughs] what do you—I’d love to get your opinion on what you think of how the city’s [Casselberry] progressed. When you look at it today, what do you think? I mean, what comes to your mind? Leonard Well, we remember when we were incorporated, but also remember when we didn’t have so many families there. Jane Back to about the paper that they wrapped the ice in, that was a good way—later, after the war, when we had children, that’s how they made their money to go to the movies or whatever. We’d take newspapers, and roll them, and sell them to the fernery. Motta Oh, yeah? So people would just collect newspapers and sell them? Leonard Yeah, you’d collect your newspapers, leftover newspapers. Jane Stack them up and roll them. Leonard Recycling, so to speak. Motta Do you remember how much you got for like a bundle, or—like, how much… Jane Not much, but it was a lot then. Motta Yeah, few cents here and there. Yeah. Leonard Well, get a couple of rolls, and you made a movie ticket. Motta That’s not bad. Jane And the ferns were shipped on railway express, back then, ‘cause they didn’t have the airplanes and things, and one of the first times we ever sent a shipment out on air, we went up to Ocala, and there was just like a cargo plane, maybe like a [Douglas] DC-3. Motta So there wasn’t an airport near Sanford, then? Jane Well, I don’t know. Maybe that was the nearest one that was shipping agricultural things. Motta So do you remember—I read that your father got into azaleas—like starting to grow azaleas. Is that correct? Jane Yeah. Leonard Yes, back… Jane Earlier he was into gladiolas. Motta Oh, yeah. Jane They grew out gladiolas from the bulbs. And—I gave Kim [Nelson] a picture, and the Belgian azaleas were beautiful. Up ‘til then, you know, just had the plain azaleas. But we had—with the Belgian azaleas, there were so many different varieties, and they were ruffled, [inaudible], different colors and combination of colors, and he was in business with a man called Jules Cole… Leonard Jules Cole. Jane That knew about azaleas. That’s how they got introduced. Motta But it was mostly just ferns. That was the main product? Jane Yeah. Leonard The Belgian azaleas, they set up as a couple acres or something like that for him, and developed them. Dad sold them out on the highway, and would scatter them around through town. Jane There was an area that had, like the bay trees and oak trees and things. It was like north of where the [Casselberry] City Hall is now. It’s this plain, but back then it was just thick woods. Motta Near Lake Concord, or... Jane And he had, like… Leonard South of Lake Concord. Motta Okay. Jane Like a faux Cypress Gardens. He had girls in antebellum skirts and outfits, showing people around the azaleas. Motta Oh, yeah? Were there like refreshments and things there? Leonard No, it wasn’t that. But it was just a… Motta Just a… Leonard Something that slows traffic down. Jane [laughs]. Motta So you mentioned going by orange groves. Your father wasn’t in that business at all? Orange… Leonard No, we had a couple places where we started some going. Tally Hattaway and I got a bunch of seedlings up, but we didn’t follow through with much of them. Jane They were, like, sour, and they had this idea of planting them in the ferneries to add a shade. I guess it was expensive to replace the slats, and they planted these trees—orange trees—that got big, to provide shade, and that was the area where you find Target now. Motta By the Evergreen Cemetery? Jane It was all ferneries, and it had those orange trees growing in there. The sour oranges. Motta So the orange trees were pretty much abandoned then, ‘cause of the sour? Jane Yeah. Leonard Yeah, well, they liked the oak trees, and the competition we had… Jane Oak trees, yeah. Leonard Was from DeLand ferneries, and they’d grow theirs out in the woods, under the oak trees. Jane Out in Volusia [County]. Motta So that was your father’s competition, the DeLand growers? Leonard Some of it was there. Jane We had local competition. Leonard Yeah, and then, so, we started buying oak trees. Dad put some of them on every lot that he was developing, and then we had planted some of them in ferneries, and so we had quite a few that were trees, but we didn’t replace the slats much again, and just let them grow under the trees. We could get them that way. Jane Well, we moved to Casselberry after he got out of the Navy, after World War II, and he had a piece of fernery that he’d inherited, from an aunt or something? Leonard Aunt May had left it to my brother and I, a couple acres of fernery, were on these development deals where they could have a house on it and so on, and Dad just leased those, so I said, “Well, can I lease those?” And Dad said, “Yeah, let me lease them.” So I’d be responsible for them, and I’d see about getting the fertilizer, mowing them, taking care of them. Had a crew working, just like big crews too. Yeah. Of course, in most cases they’re cutting fern or something like that, but they also had crews that they’d weed when they weren’t cutting. They’d go back to weeding or something else. Motta So that looks like a pretty big fernery. Was that about average size, or was this... Leonard No, that’s just one acre or so. There’d be several of those put together. Jane And he got, worked up all these florist customers, and we went through the Midwest, visiting and trying to get business. Motta So was that your primary business after you got out of the Navy? Leonard Probably for a little while. But Dad wanted us to go to the conventions, and we’d have to wear white. Jane Yeah, he always wore a white Palm Beach suit, or white with white jodhpurs or something, with a spray of fern on his lapel, and so when we were going with him to Chicago, to the convention, we had to have the white suits, too. With the fern. Motta And you didn’t care for those? Jane Oh, they were fine, except I got one and he said, “No, that wouldn’t do it.” It had to be like the Palm Beach kind of suit. Motta Wrong kind of fern? Jane So—went back and got some more—another outfit. Motta So you’ve lived in Casselberry since then? You haven’t lived anywhere else, moved anywhere? Jane Not since then. Leonard Well, we lived at the horse track for several years. Motta At the horse track? Leonard Yes. Jane Yes, see, soon after we moved to Casselberry, Mr. Casselberry acquired the Seminole Driving Park, and that was what, at the time, a winter training track for harness horses, and it was built about 1925, something like that, and then at time there was thoroughbred racing and different things. So here we were. We had no experience in this at all, and they’re a very closed community—the horsemen. But, so then he had to get the property ready, the barns fixed up and tack rooms, and came with it like a grandstand and a clubhouse. Well, his dad wanted him to run the clubhouse like an American plan hotel. So, as well as maintaining the track and everything, we had to go in the hotel business. Motta And that was... Jane And he was his early twenties, with—had to learn, like, experience… Motta As you’re going along? Jane Yeah, and he had to go up north to the horse sales to placate the horsemen that might have been upset about something that happened before we got it, and talk them into coming back, and then he would fix up the barns and do this and that. So. Leonard Of course, we didn’t know that when Dad—it’s adjacent to his property, and Dad bought it and he’d acquired some additional property to be able to develop part of. Says, “You can take care of the horses or I can.” So we were in there and trying to take care of it. When they sold it is when the horsemen had agreed with Ben White Raceway, which hadn’t started yet. They said Orlando told them, “We’ll build this half-mile track in Orlando if you’ll come down here, leave Seminole [County].” So they agreed to do that. Jane Well, we figured, at least we’ve got this guy Frank that’s a track man that would know what to do and knows the horsemen, and then he announces that he’s been hired to go to Ben White [laughs]. Motta So they just stole it all away from... Jane Yeah [laughs]. Leonard Well, they stayed just a little bit. We had some help getting up until they had to move to over there, on how to handle—we bought a jeep to drag the track with. Had a water wagon. Jane A clay track. Dirt track. Motta And was this all—were all these jobs—you were writing at the time? Jane I was not writing—well, I had been writing just local news for the area newspapers. Motta Like the Sanford newspaper? Jane But not full-time. So, his dad advertised it with an organization called “Ask Mr. Foster”, where you could—they send people to you, a travel service, you know, and so we were getting—here we were, and we had people, ninety-year-old women and eighty-year-old men, and then we had young families looking for excitement, and women looking for men. Whatever, you know [laughs]. Had all this variety, plus we had the horsemen to feed, and the grooms you’d have to feed like at five in the morning, before they went out to work the horses, and we’d have—they would be kind of rough, and would come and get drunk or something, and then we’d have these nice people [laughs] Oh, it was interesting. Motta Sounds interesting. So did you have any other jobs after that, or... Jane Well, in the summertime, we didn’t have the horses. About May, they would go up to the races, and sometimes you would have car races back then, before they had the Daytona… Motta [Daytona] 500? Jane They would have stock car races on that track. Motta And where was this located, the track located? In the… Jane You know where Seminola Boulevard is? Motta The same, where the… Jane Where they’re building apartments there now. Motta Oh, the big… Jane At the end of Seminola Boulevard. Motta Oh, yeah, the big field area. Leonard Yeah. Jane Yeah, all of that was our track property. Motta When did that go away, the track? Jane We had a one-mile track. After Mr. Casselberry sold his white elephant. He—it was various kinds of horse races with pari-mutuel betting, and then it was dog races. I mean, we had like a dog track on each end of Seminola. Motta So the track went away in the ‘70s or so, or, around then? Jane Well, a few years back, they closed down the dog track, and then they sold it to this developer. Well, actually, they sold it to Northland Church, and then Northland decided to expand on their present property on Dog Track [Road], and they sold it to the developer, and they’re still building and building, building. Motta Oh, wow. Well, learn something new every day. Leonard Yes. Motta So, your opinion on today’s Casselberry? Leonard Is it what? Motta Do you like it? Do you enjoy what the city is like now? Leonard Oh, yes. Of course, Dad had a lot of fun while it was happening. Motta Yeah. I know it was a lot different. Leonard He was working and sweating on a lot of it, some of it. Motta You think he would be proud of what it has become? Leonard Oh, yes. Jane I think so. Right now, it’s in kind of flux in major areas, business areas, because of those fly-overs. Motta Yeah, I actually live just about a half-mile from one of those—the construction site. So, yeah. Jane Yeah, they built—you know, they bought up property. But it’s just sitting there, and the business had to move, or close, or something. But we like the parks, what they’re doing with the parks. They’re beautiful, and people are using them. Motta Well, let’s see if we have any… Jane You asked what he did. He’s done a little bit of everything, but he worked for Casselberry Utilities many years. His father developed the sewer system that built the sewer plant and everything. That was the first sewer plant in Seminole County that really treated the sewage. Leonard Sanford had one. They just chewed it a little bit and dumped it in a lake. Jane Dumped it in Lake Monroe. Leonard [laughs]. Motta Did your father own the utility company, or was that city by then? Leonard He owned it. Jane He owned it, and eventually it was sold to the city, and he continued to work for the city. Leonard For a short time. Jane For a time. Leonard Seven years. Not enough to get a retirement out of it. Jane And then after he retired, he went to work for the City of Winter Park Utilities, ‘til he was up in mid-seventies. Motta Oh, impressive. Leonard That’s a while back. Jane Yes, 87 now. Motta Oh, wow. Congratulations. Working into your mid-seventies, that’s admirable. Jane A lot of people can be doing that now [laughs]. Motta Yeah, it’s admirable, though. Was there anything else you would like to discuss that we haven’t already? Any anecdotes or anything? Leonard Any more questions you have? Motta I think we covered a lot there. Leonard Yes, more than you want, probably. Motta Oh, no, this is great for me. All right. Well, thank you very much. <div> <div> <a title="">[1]</a> Hibbard Casselberry. </div> </div> Altamonte Springs Ask Mr. Foster asparagus plumosus azaleas bandoliers Belgian azaleas Ben White Raceway Bolles School bomb chutes Burnett car racing Casselberry Casselberry Utilities Chicago, Illinois City of Winter Park Utilities Cole, Julius Cypress Gardens Daniel Motta Daytona 500 DeLand dog racing Dog Track Road Douglas DC-3 Evergreen Cemetery Fern Park Estates ferneries fernery ferns fertilizer mixing fertilizers Ford Club Coupe convertible fragmentation bombs gladiolas Hattaway, Tally Hibbard Casselberry horse racing horse tracks horses hotels Jacksonville Jane Casselberry Julius Cole Kim Nelson Lake Concord Lake Howell Road Lake Maitland Lake Monroe Leonard Casselberry Longwood military schools Northland Church oak trees Ocala orange groves orange trees oranges orlando packinghouses Palm Beach parachutes railway express Sanford Savannah Vickers schools Seminola Boulevard Seminole County Seminole Parking Drive sewage Target U.S. Army U.S. Navy Via Tuscany Volusia County Winter Park Winter Park High School World War II WWII https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/86033523f981064a0922ad0e246b8783.mp3 26845587f8da7187a0919d6c05f52dd6 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/039b8944840a95bb0f9dc82e9b951544.pdf ed15271af023f637e575c4d90777c13a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Linda McKnight Batman Oral History Project Collection Alternative Title Linda McKnight Batman Collection Subject Ocala (Fla.) Orlando (Fla.) Oviedo (Fla.) Port Tampa (Fla.) Sanford (Fla.) Silver Springs (Fla.) Titusville (Fla.) Zellwood (Fla.) Description Collection of oral histories depicting the history of Seminole County, Florida. The project was funded by Linda McKnight Batman, a former teacher, historian, and Vice President of the State of Florida Commission on Ethics. Language eng Type Collection Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> External Reference Museum of Seminole County History, and University of Central Florida. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/744676869" target="_blank">Researcher's Guide to Seminole County Oral Histories: Linda McKnight Batman Oral History Project</a>. [Sanford, Fla.]: Museum of Seminole County History, 2010. Contributor <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> Coverage Seminole County, Florida Ocala, Florida Oviedo, Florida Port Tampa, Florida Sanford, Florida Silver Springs, Florida Titusville, Florida Zellwood, Florida Contributing Project Linda McKnight Batman Oral History Project Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer Morris, Joseph Interviewee Yarborough, Ima Jean Bostick Location <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a>, Sanford, Florida. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Oral History of Ima Jean Bostick Yarborough Alternative Title Oral History, Yarborough Subject Ocala (Fla.) Silver Springs (Fla.) Cattle--Florida Horses--Florida Agriculture--Florida Description An oral history interview of Ima Jean Bostick Yarborough, conducted by Joseph Morris on November 10, 2011. Yarborough was born on August 2, 1935 in Ocala, Florida, but spent much of her adult life working in the cattle industry in Geneva. In the interview, she discusses her childhood in Ocala, how Ocala has changed over time, living in Oxford, the cattle industry, life in Geneva, the 4-H program, and her husband's military service. Table Of Contents 0:00:00 Introduction 0:00:26 Growing up in Ocala 0:03:34 How Ocala has changed over time 0:06:09 Living in Oxford 0:06:29 RECORDING CUTS OFF 0:06:30 Living in Oxford 0:08:24 Family and occupational history 0:11:34 Meeting her husband, Edward, and moving to Geneva 0:14:10 Husband, children, and grandchildren 0:20:44 4-H 0:22:49 Cattle industry 0:36:58 Markets and butcher houses 0:40:31 Relationship between ranches 0:41:53 Improvements in the cattle industry 0:42:29 Tracking cattle 0:42:29 Family involvement in the cattle industry 0:48:49 Husband’s service in the military 0:50:15 Female figures in Yarborough’s childhood 0:54:29 Declaration of World War II 0:59:45 Closing remarks Abstract Oral history interview of Ima Jean Bostick Yarborough. Interview conducted by Joseph Morris at the <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> in Sanford, Florida. Type Sound Source Original 1-hour and 56-second oral history: Yarborough, Ima Jean Bostick. Interviewed by Joseph Morris. November 10, 2011. Audio record available. <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a>, Sanford, Florida. Requires Multimedia software, such as <a href="http://www.apple.com/quicktime/download/" target="_blank"> QuickTime</a>. <a href="http://www.adobe.com/reader.html" target="_blank">Adobe Acrobat Reader</a> Is Part Of <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a>, Sanford, Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/123" target="_blank">Linda McKnight Batman Oral History Project Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Creator Morris, Joseph Yarborough, Ima Jean Bostick Date Created 2010-06-30 2010-07-06 Date Copyrighted 2010-06-30 2010-07-06 Format video/wav application/pdf Extent 649 MB 168 KB Medium 1-hour and 56-second audio recording 24-page typed transcript Language eng Mediator History Teacher Economics Teacher Geography Teacher Provenance Originally created by Joseph Morris and Ima Jean Bostick Yarborough and transcribed by Savannah Vickers. Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by the <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> External Reference Cochran, Oladel, Letha Fowler, and Arolyn True. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/15199699" target="_blank">A Bicentennial History of Geneva, Florida, 1976</a>. Geneva, Fl: Bicentennial Committee, 1976. "<a href="http://www.lakemaryhistory.org/History.htm" target="_blank">Geneva's History</a>." Geneva Museum, Geneva Historical Society. http://www.lakemaryhistory.org/History.htm. Transcript Morris This is an interview with Ima Jean [Bostick] Yarborough, and this interview is being conducted on November 10, 2011, at the Museum of Seminole County History. The interviewer is Joseph Morris, representing the Linda McKnight Batman Oral History Project for the Historical Society of Central Florida. Ma’am, could you tell us about where you were born, and when? Yarborough I was born in Ocala, Florida, on Sanchez Street, August the 2nd, 1935. Morris Okay. And could you tell us a little bit more about where, what kind of environment you grew up in, house, and... Yarborough Yes, this is a two-story home that my mother was living in at the time with her in-laws, and we went back later and purchased the home, but I was around ten years old at that time. So she lived there for about a year and a half with me. This home is still standing. When I go to Ocala on business or pleasure, I go by and look at it, and have wonderful memories there, because it was across the street from a city park called Tuscawilla Park. That was very close to a logging company that was in Ocala at that time, and they used the ponds to float the logs in. So it was a wonderful place for a child to grow up and play. We could fish the pond. We could wade the pond. And there was tennis courts all around that one particular pond, so we just had a wonderful playground right there as we were growing up. That was way before television, and not many radios. Morris Okay, ma’am. The community—was it a very sparse community, or very condensed? Yarborough It’s a large, it was a large community, because that’s very close to Silver Springs, which is a beautiful, a natural spring, and the Seminole Indians were there for quite a while. And there was a big reptile collection [Ross Allen’s Reptile Institute] out there that people could pay to go and visit. That was originally started by a gentleman by the name of Ross Allen, and he played with alligators and milked rattlesnakes for the venom, for medical purposes. So people could go out there and pay to watch all that. It was an entertainment place. But as children we, the city took a bus out each year during the summer, each day, and you could have swimming classes out there. So we were very fortunate to learn to swim early, and enjoyed that particular area. Now it has grown into a home place for horses, especially racehorses and quarter horses. Morris At Silver Springs, ma’am? Yarborough No, Ocala. Morris Okay. Yarborough Yeah, I’m sorry. I didn’t switch right. But Ocala has continually grown out, and it’s quite a large city. Morris Can you tell me more changes that might have occurred from when you were growing up in Ocala and now how it is today? Like what kind—when you go there, what differences stand out to you the most, ma’am? Yarborough More people, [laughs] more people. Of course, everything was centrally located uptown at that time. There was a town square in the center of town, which is still there with a bandshell. At that time, it had a bandshell on it, and a bandshell is used to—for a band to play music while people sit around and enjoy it, like a park atmosphere. There’s a lot of shopping centers, of course. Most towns have those now. But everything was built around that square, and just evolved out from it like a star. Yarborough There’s a lot of horse enthusiasts, and horse breeders and racers up in that country, as I said earlier, now. So they have large statues of horses all around the square at this point. Morris Okay. Yarborough So it’s grown, typically, like every other city in the state of Florida. MorrisAny particular reason the horse training took off in Ocala? Yarborough They’ve got a lot of lime rock up in that area, and that helps to grow very strong grass, and you need good grass for cows and horses. And it was—some people were already growing horses in the area, and they had a race horse that had won one of the very important races, that was raised from that area. So it just, after he won the race, they just started coming to that area to raise their animals and winter their animals. Morris Oh, better climate? Yarborough Better climate. Morris Gotcha, ma’am. How do you feel about the changes that have occurred from when you were growing up to now? Do you—positive, negative changes, anything? How do you feel? Yarborough Oh, I guess most of it’s positive. I want to feel that way. I try to find something positive in everything I encounter. Sometimes it’s harder than others. Morris And any examples of that, ma’am? You knew I was gonna ask. Yarborough [laughs] Oh, goodness. I’ll think on that one and come back. Okay, Joseph? Morris Okay. I’ll keep that in mind. Yarborough We’ll put that at the end. Okay. Morris And so, after that, where have you lived? Have you always lived in Ocala, ma’am? Yarborough My mother went to work, and I lived with my grandmother in Oxford. Morris Okay, we’re back, and we were discussing where you’ve lived over the years, ma’am. Yarborough Yes, Oxford is a little town in Sumter County on the west side of the state, south of Ocala, and that’s where my mother was raised. And I lived the first year before school and the first grade. I lived with my grandmother. And I had a sister, Nadine, who was about three years younger than myself. And back then, we carried our lunch to school in little brown bags or maybe like a little syrup can, whichever you had. But our grandmother always made sure that I had an apple in my lunch every day, and there wasn’t always an apple left for my sister, Nadine, to have when she wanted it, under those particular circumstances. So one morning, Grandmother—we called her Granny, Granny Olberry—was packing my lunch, and my sister, Nadine, asked for an apple, and Granny said, “Nadine, you know that Ima Jean’s got to take that apple for recess.” And Nadine got very disturbed and started crying, and she says, “When I get big and go to school, I’m going to slap recess’s face for taking Ima Jean’s apple.” So that has always been a laugh, a laughing situation in our family. Recess, of course, was time out in school to play outside. Not every kid even knows what recess is, ‘cause now it’s usually called break or gym… Morris P.E. Yarborough Something of that nature. Morris Right, ma’am. What kind of jobs did your family have, and that you had, also, ‘cause I’m... Yarborough Okay, my mother’s people were in the cow business. Her brothers and her dad were. And my mother’s mother passed away at her birth, so she was adopted by the Olberry family and moved to Oxford. And the couple that adopted her were just good old salt-of-the-earth people. Granddaddy was a[sic] what we would call jack-of-all-trades. He was a repairman. He repaired people’s cars. He repaired their equipment that broke down. He repaired their shoes. He just was a good fixer-upper. And of course, Granny stayed at home and canned, and took care of the garden and the family. Morris And what about your... Yarborough My mother worked as—she was in charge of the waiters and waitresses at a big hotel in Ocala. That was her night job. Her day job was cashier for a Piggly Wiggly, which was a strand of grocery stores at that time, that later became Winn Dixie, that we know today. She worked Winn-Dixie for 20-something years. Morris Okay, ma’am, and how come—your grandparents, you said, worked in cattle? Yarborough Yes. Morris But your mother did not? Yarborough No. Morris Did she not have an interest, ma’am, or... Yarborough No, by being adopted out, she wasn’t where the cattle were, so she went straight from school to getting married, and then working at Winn-Dixie and the hotel. Morris Okay, and when did you start working, ma’am? Yarborough I started working as a freshman in high school, and I worked for the Winn-Dixie meat—in the meat department—making hamburger, cutting up chickens, weighing out the meat and wrapping it to go into the case to be sold. And I would work on weekends and at holidays. Morris And how long did you have that job for, ma’am? Yarborough Four years of high school, and about a year afterwards. Morris Okay, and what did you do after high school, ma’am? Yarborough My husband and I got married. Morris Okay. Yarborough And he went into the service, and I went back and worked at Winn-Dixie for a while, ‘til I could go to Oklahoma whenever he was transferred to Oklahoma after basic training. Yarborough But let me go back into when I, how I met Edward [Yarborough]. Morris Okay. Yarborough In October—in fact, October the 26th, 1949, my mother moved to Geneva. She had remarried, and my stepfather was coming down to help his brother work his orange grove and cattle over in the Chuluota area. So we moved to Geneva, because there was a good school there. And Mother went to work at the Piggly Wiggly, which is now the Goodwill store here in Sanford on Palmetto [Avenue]. And at that time we moved into a lovely home, and that afternoon, we had some heavy furniture to be moved. And Miss Pearl Yarborough was the lady who owned the home, and she said that when her son came in, he would help move the furniture for us that afternoon, along with my stepdad. So later on we heard him—what we know now was a cow whip—making a noise coming up the road, and it was my—it was Edward and his uncle coming in from work. And their habit was to crack the cow whip all the way up the lane, and that was just to give them practice, as well as let them—Mr. [W. G.] Kilby’s wife and Edward’s mother know to put dinner on the table. “We’re coming home.” So anyway, that’s how I met Edward. And he had graduated from high school in June of that year, and we were moving in October. So we didn’t begin dating, because I wasn’t old enough to date for another year, year and a half. Morris How old were you at this time, ma’am? Yarborough I was 13. Morris Okay. Yarborough So, he had to wait on me to grow up. [laughs] That’s what he had to do. And he did. But that’s the way I met him. Morris Okay, ma’am. Can you tell us a little more about him, and then the rest of your family? Yarborough Mmmhm. Morris Because I know you mentioned that he was in the service, and that’s why you moved to Oklahoma for a while, ma’am? Yarborough Right, the draft was still very active in 1954. Morris Okay. Yarborough That’s whenever a young man turned 21, he could be drafted into the service for two years. So we had been dating probably three years by that time, and we knew that Edward was going to be drafted in January or February. He wanted to get married so that I could go with him after basic training to wherever he went. So that’s what we did. We got married December the 26th, 1954, and he went to the service in February. And after he had boot training, he was transferred to Little Rock, Arkansas, where I joined him for a couple of weeks, and then we moved everything out to Oklahoma. And we finished his two years out in Lawton, Oklahoma, at Fort Sill, and then came home, and he went back to work for his uncle, W. G. Kilby, on the cattle farm, cattle ranch. And we’ve been there ever since. We raised four children, two girls and two boys, and the two boys have stayed on the ranch. They’ve got side jobs. Bo—or W. E. [Yarborough]—is the oldest boy, and he has a trucking business where he hauls cattle from one market to another out in Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Florida base. He doesn’t do that all year. There’s just certain times of the year that that goes on. Otherwise, he works on the ranch, and he’s got a little place in Alabama, a ranch up there. So he’s back and forth. J. W. [Yarborough]’s stayed here and stayed on the farm all the time, and he’s got a fertilizer business where he puts fertilizer out on large areas, large pastures and groves. So that’s his side job. Otherwise, he’s on the ranch at all times and manages it. Our oldest was Lynn [Yarborough]. She became a learning disability teacher, and has worked in—we’ve had the pleasure of starting three different private schools for learning disability children, through our years. J. W. had quite a learning disability problem whenever he was first started school, and there was none in Seminole County to take care of those problems, so we finally found a wonderful teacher, Mary Dunn, who helped us start PACE School. And the problem J. W. had was seeing upside-down and backwards, and glasses could not help that. You just had to retrain the mind, somehow or another, and it takes a lot of training to get that done. So in the process, as I said earlier, we had started three schools, and we got three wonderful schools. And Lynn has been a teacher. In fact, she retired this past summer. She’s taught 33 years in learning disability. Our youngest daughter, Reba [Yarborough], lives in Sumter County, and her family has cattle over there. So, in Lynn’s retirement, she’s helping the boys on the ranch now. She works with them whenever we mark and brand. And both of the boys’ wives help give shots and some of them, and they ride a little bit too. Yarborough And I’ve got three grandsons: Robert [Yarborough], J. K. [James Kilby Yarborough], and C. W. Yarborough. Morris Are they all from the, have the same parents, or... Yarborough No [laughs]. Morris Which grandkids go with which kids? Yarborough Okay, Bo has a son named Robert. Morris Okay. Yarborough He’s probably 26 now, and he works for the forestry service on Snow Hill Road, and he has a little girl, six years old, Gracie [Yarborough]. And they’re expecting a second child around December the 21st. It’ll be a little boy. Morris Oh, do they have a name picked out already, ma’am? Yarborough They do, but I can’t tell you right now. [laughs] Morris Okay. Yarborough Anyway, they have, then J. W. has two sons, James Kilby, which, who we call J. K. And right now he’s doing his junior year at Gainesville, in college, and a double-A student all the way across, I’m proud to say. Then C. W., who was born with a slight problem similar to his dad’s, and he’s in Bridges Academy now. That’s one of the schools that we started and is doing real well. He’s 15 years old and about 6’2”. He’s a big fellow. Morris Playing football? Yarborough He’s not playing football right now, but he does ranch rodeos. Morris Okay. Yarborough Yeah, he has played football, but prefers the rodeos. Morris I gotcha. Yarborough They’re all interested in 4-H. J. W.’s wife is Francis Yarborough, and she is a teacher, and she is our 4-H leader, also. So we’ve got a wonderful 4-H group out our way, about 43 kids in the group. They show animals at Central Florida Fair every year. Morris And what does the 4-H stand for, ma’am? Yarborough 4-H is to teach the children about agricultural. Head, heart, health, and hands is[sic] the 4 H’s. Morris Ah. Yarborough And they raise steers, pigs, chickens, rabbits, sheep, goats. They also plant gardens. You can do just about anything that you’re interested in through the 4-H program. Morris And how long has the program? Is it like a summer program they do for a certain amount of time? Yarborough No, it’s round-year, year-round. Morris Okay. Yarborough Well, if you’re doing an animal, you don’t have to feed that animal all year, but you do about six months—six to eight months of it—of feeding the animal. Then it goes to the fair, and it’s shown and auctioned off to the highest bidder. And they buy the animals. Some people butcher the animal and eat—has it for food. Some people give it to, like the Methodist Children’s Home, for them to eat, or to the Russell House. We’ve got quite a bit of food like that donated down through the years. Morris Oh, okay. Yarborough Then they get money back to pay for the feed that they put in the animal. Morris And—oh, by the way, thank you very much for the—I got everybody in your family here written down. But the, um—you worked in the cattle industry, correct, ma’am? Yarborough I’m sorry? Morris You worked with the cattle as well, right? Did you start working when you came back from Oklahoma with your husband? Yarborough Oh, yes. Morris Did you go back to Piggly Wiggly for any amount of time, or did you go straight into the cattle industry, and have you stayed there the entire time? Yarborough No, no. I stayed home at that time, because there was[sic] quite a few older people in Ed’s family that needed to be looked after, and the only place to buy groceries back then was Sanford, which was twelve miles from Geneva, so I did the little chauffeuring back and forth of about five different older people in his family, and just helped—helped where I was needed. If we had a garden planted, I always picked the vegetables—helped pick the vegetables and can them. Back then we didn’t have too much running water, so Mondays were wash day. I’d fix a fire under the big old wash pot and heat the water, put it in the washing machine for Edward’s mother to wash clothes. Tuesdays was days to iron. You used your wash water to mop the floors with, being as conservative as we could be with the water. And Wednesdays we did other things around the house, but Mondays was always wash days, and Tuesdays was always iron day. Morris Did you not have indoor plumbing in your house at that time, ma’am? Yarborough We had both. Both. Morris Okay. Yarborough The outdoor was there because that’s what had been there to begin with, but they had put indoor plumbing at Edward’s home about five years before. Morris Okay. Yarborough Before we got married. Morris And when did you get involved with the cattle industry, ma’am? Yarborough With the cattle? Morris Yes, ma’am. Yarborough That was started in our area and in Ed’s family by his grandfather, E. H. Kilby, who came here from Pensacola as a young man, way back in the late 1800s. He stayed with a man by the name of C. S. Lee from Oviedo, lived in his barn and worked orange groves ‘til he got enough money to buy a little piece of land. And then after he got married and had a family of his own, the boys grew up and W. G. [Kilby], his second child, stayed with him, and they hunted hogs, wild hogs, on the St. John’s River area, and would butcher—would feed them out, and butcher them, and take them to the Piggly Wiggly and sell them. And they accumulated enough money to buy some land and buy some cows, by hunting the wild hogs. Then in 1949, Florida passed a law that all the animals had to be fenced in. So up until then, they roamed free, anywhere on the land that was in the area, and of course you wanted to keep them close to the river, because that was where they could get their water, and good grass too. So Mr. Kilby focused on purchasing land adjacent to the St. John’s River, where—so he could have water, as well as grass. And that’s what they did. They had land in Volusia County, and then he came over and bought some from Mr. C. S. Lee, along highway [Florida State Road] 46 and the St. John’s River, bordered by Snow Hill on the west side. And altogether, at one point, we had about 12,000 acres that was under fence. So, a lot of fences to keep up, ‘cause you did them different pastures for the cows to live in, and you’d circulate your cows. You don’t leave them on the same pasture all the time. Morris Okay. Yarborough So that’s just part of the, part of the way you work cattle. Morris And why would you rotate the cattle to different fenced areas, ma’am? Yarborough Well, they eat the grass down, and you have to give it time to grow back. And you leave them on that same place too long, they just pull it up by the roots, and then you don’t have any grass at all. Morris Okay. Yarborough So you rotate them about every 28 days. Morris Oh, that frequently? Yarborough Mmhmm. You can leave them a little longer, but just really depends on the weather. [laughs] Everything with farming and ranching depends on the weather. Morris So if it was rainier weather you’d keep them there longer, and drier weather you’d have to move them faster, because the grass wouldn’t grow as much, ma’am? Yarborough That would be safe to say, pretty well. Yeah. But warm nights is really when grass grows. That’s why grass grows so good down here in Florida. But the dirt—the sand is very porous, so you have to really fertilize it, and back then, they didn’t fertilize much. They didn’t know that back then. It was always native grass, but now we’ve got what’s called “improved grass.” So you fertilize the improved grass. The native grass, like on the river, grows on its own, because the river and the high water fertilizes the native grass. Morris And what is improved grass? Yarborough Argentina[sic] Bahia is one, and there’s a Pensacola Bahia, and that’s the two grasses that we use the most in our cattle ranch. Morris Okay, ma’am. Yarborough There’s a lot of different grasses, though, Joe. Morris Right, I just didn’t know if there was native grass in other areas… Yarborough Yes, there is. Morris Or if they had been, like, tinkered with. Yarborough No, we’ve cleaned—down through the years, we’ve cleaned up a lot of land, and made what’s referred to as “improved pastures.” That’s on the higher land. And so, you fertilize these places. We’ve made them into hayfields. Some of them are hayfields, and some of them are just regular pastures. But you always have to fertilize the improved pasture. Morris Okay. Could you tell me a little more about cattle raising, as is? Yarborough All right. We have what’s referred to as cow-calf operation. Morris Okay. Yarborough That means you raise the calf to about between six- and eight-hundred pounds, and then take it to market. Several years ago, we had cattle markets in Ocala, Webster, Kissimmee, Lakeland, and Okeechobee. We also had butcher houses at different parts of the state, but we no longer have but one butcher house, and that’s Center Hill over in Sumter County, close to Bushnell. The Ocala market is still open, and Webster is still open, and Lakeland and Okeechobee are still open. But the market that we would go to every week with our cattle was Kissimmee. That was the closest one to us. That closed about 20 years ago, now. So now we use mostly Lakeland, but we also—let me back up just a little bit. We lost Edward in the year 2000. Morris Okay, ma’am. Yarborough And there was a little bit of changing in the way that we do our cattle. As I said earlier, W. E. has two trucks that he hauls cattle out west with, so we would take our calves in his semi[-truck]s to markets out in Texas and sell them. And we continue to do that today. We had done that a little bit before Edward passed away, but not on the big scale, like the boys have changed the operation a little bit. But the cow-calf operation means that you raise a calf and sell it, and breed the cow back. So you buy registered bulls, and put them—and we have a mixed herd. Our main stock are the Brahmas[sic], because they get along so well here in Florida. They’re very tolerable of the mosquitoes and the hot weather and the rain, and such. But we have brought the English breeds in through the years, the Black Angus, and the White-Faced Hereford, and the Charolais, which is a cream-colored cow. And you cross that with the Brahmas[sic], and that makes for a good, good mama cow. Morris Okay. Yarborough So a good breeding cow is pretty good to raise calf for about 12 to 13 years, with good grass and good feed. A bull is probably good for maybe three to—they start breeding at three years, and they’re good for three to five years, so you have to keep bringing in new bulls. Each year, you bring in a certain amount of bulls. One bull can service about 35 cows, so you have to go according to your largest herds, to see how many, to see how large your herd is, to see how many bulls you need. A good bull would cost you between two- and three-thousand dollars. If you buy a bred heifer, which is a young cow, that will cost you between five- and seven-hundred dollars. But, if she has a calf in the next six months or so, then it’ll take six months to get that calf up to—which will put you into a year—that calf will bring back what that mother cost. Meanwhile she’s gotten bred again. Ready to have another calf. And that’s the cycle that you work through. Morris Okay, ma’am. And what would be the size of your herd? You said there’s one bull for every 35 cows, correct? Yarborough Yeah, you want it something pretty close to that. Morris Okay. Yarborough We’ve got about 1,000 head. Morris Okay, ma’am. Are you still using—do you still have the 12,000 acres? Yarborough No. Morris Yes, ma’am. Yarborough Down through the years, for inheritance tax purposes, we’ve had to sell land. We sold everything that we had in Volusia County. And we’ve sold—we sold 9,000 acres to the State of Florida, which has been turned into a game refuge and parks. It’s overflow land that’s not really a buildable property for homes. It’s real low. But an old cow can get along real well on it, so we’ve got 1,400 acres left in the family now. Morris Okay. Yarborough We have leased the 9,000 acres back from the state to use for the cows. We have to pay for that lease, so much an acre, and also keep up the fences and keep up the roads, and there’s a lot of responsibility there. Morris Oh, okay, ma’am. I noticed you mentioned, before that, at one point in time you had this many markets and this many butcher houses. How come that number has decreased over time? Were they personally yours, or were they... Yarborough No. No, no, no. They were, those were the ones that we could take our animals to. They were not ours personally. Kissimmee closed because of the management, and so many people started moving into the area around Kissimmee, and Orlando, and up our way, and the cattle, the little cattle ranches, were just not existent anymore. They were building homes. We could, a farmer could make more—and a rancher could make more selling his land than he could make with the cows on the land. Does that make sense to you, Jeffrey[sic]? Morris It does, ma’am. Yarborough All right. He could sell his land, and at that time put it at interest, which was 12 percent, 8 and 12 percent interest for a number of years, years ago, and could live—could live on that, and not have to work as hard. And the real estate was paying five and six and a whole lot more for land, an acre, see. So they could have that a lot easier. So, numbers were down. Numbers were down, and that’s why markets have to close. Same with the butcher houses. Same, same thing. Morris Okay, ma’am. That makes perfect sense to me, sounds like supply and demand. People kind of got squeezed out with the increase in population. Yarborough That’s right. That’s right. Morris Gotcha, ma’am. Yarborough Now, going back into the ‘50s here in Seminole County, there was about six families that made their living on cattle, all around in Seminole County. Right now—and for the last ten years—there’s three families that make, that make their living on cows. There’s a lot of people that’s got 20 head, or 10 or 20 or 40 or 60, or 150 head of cows, but they do something on the side to make a living. They work in a grocery store, or they’re a mechanic, or something else to help them make a living. But there’s only three families that’s just made their living on the ranch, and that’s the Robert Lee family of Oviedo, Betty [Yarborough] Schlusemeyer, who is Edward’s sister in Geneva, and our ranch, Ed Yarborough Ranches, in Geneva. But they all kind of congregate around the St. John’s River. Remember I said we needed the water? Morris Yes, ma’am, I do. Yarborough So the land adjacent and joins the Econ[fina] Creek and the St. John’s River. All of these three ranches go around into that area. Morris And do the ranches ever, do you communicate with the other ranches often? Yarborough Oh, yes, definitely. Morris In what ways, ma’am? Yarborough Right now, by phone [laughs]. Morris Well, I asked for that. I should have known that was coming, ma’am. Yarborough That’s okay. Morris I meant in what capacity? Is it like a very positive relationship? Do you help each other? Yarborough Yes, yes, definitely. If one group might be marking and branding, and need a little help, or they might be cutting hay, and their tractor’s breaking down, they come over and get our tractor. Or one of our boys will take the tractor and go over and bale for them. And they do the same for us. Morris Okay, so... Yarborough Yeah, it’s a very congenial atmosphere. We have a very active cattlemen’s association [Seminole County Cattlemen’s Association] in the county, and you don’t have to be a cattleman to join it, because everybody wants to—every young boy wants to be a cowboy. [laughs] But nevertheless, this is a group that is also a state group, and we get information from the University of Florida about feed, fertilizer, medicines, and all, that help us raise the cattle to the better level that it is today. Morris So the business has improved over time? Yarborough Very much. Very much. Yes. See, the cows were brought here back in the 1500s by the Spanish people. Morris Mmmhm. Yarborough And they were what we refer to now as “scrub cattle,” because they lived in the scrubs, the woods, and they were all horns and bones. They weren’t very fat. But now we have to put meat on their bones, so the steaks will turn out good. So the taste is there. Morris Yes, ma’am, and I do love a good steak. Do you know where your cattle end up eventually? Do you know if it’s sold in Florida, or... Yarborough We do have that possibility of tracing every cow where it goes to, now. That is fairly new in our particular business world, I’d say five years or so back that all of this started. That is a health precaution, because if you have some tainted meat for some reason or another, it could go back to the owners, to find out if the meat was tainted at the ground level, so to speak, before it was butchered, or at the butcher house, or in transit to the grocery store. Morris Right. You gotta find it. Yarborough So you got to find that, that situation, and so we do have that facility to do now. Morris Do you keep track of where your cattle go? Yarborough Yes. Morris Do you know, do they usually end up—because I know you said they transfer a lot to Texas. Do... Yarborough They do, and they feed them out, out there. Then they get sold again to stores and such. Morris Do they end up all over the place, ma’am? Yarborough All over. All over. Morris Oh, okay. I didn’t know if there was a concentration. Okay. Yarborough No. Morris The Yarborough more cows tend to be in Massachusetts, where they end up in. Yarborough Yep. Morris Okay. Yarborough But we do have buyers. They buy ours sight unseen, because they know from experience that we use the good bulls, and we use the right feed and medicines and everything to keep them well. So they, they even, there’s a group that bids on ours, sight unseen. Morris Is that a good feeling, ma’am? Yarborough That’s a very comfortable feeling. Morris And how long has the family been in this business? How far back does that go? Yarborough Okay. My children—Ed’s and my children—are one, two, three, are fourth, fifth generation. Morris Okay. Yarborough Fifth generation. And the grandchildren, C. W., J. K., and Robert, are next generation. And Gracie and her little brother will be the sixth generation. So, that’s the way it goes. Morris So you’re covered for now? Yarborough Right now. Morris Okay, ma’am. Yarborough It’s like a baseball team, almost, but you got to have help. [laughs] That’s one of the things that I take great pride in, is Edward coming through and working the kids, and working the ranch with the children, and one other man, all the years that they were growing up and all. They had to work hard, and they still do. It’s not an easy life. Morris It doesn’t sound easy, ma’am. Yarborough You don’t get just—close the gate and go on vacation. You have to, you have to stay close by. Morris There’s work involved? Yarborough There’s a lot of work involved. Have you ever dug a fence hole? Morris Yes, ma’am. Yarborough Fence post hole? Morris Yes, ma’am. Yarborough You ever strung barbwire? Morris Barbwire? Yes, ma’am. Yarborough You know what barbwire is? Morris Yes, ma’am. Yarborough Okay. Morris I’m in the military. We have our fair share of sharp pieces of metal that we set up. Yarborough Okay. Well, see, we have to grow our grass for the cows to eat. You got to provide them with water. You got to keep an eye on them, because they get sick just like we do. Morris Yes, okay. So it’s a very family-oriented business. Yarborough Very. Morris Not a lot of outside help, a lot of... Yarborough No, but we got people that we know, that if we need help, we can usually call on them. We have one hired man that works five days a week, so. Morris Okay. Yarborough Of course our boys, C. W.—no, J. W., and Bo—ride through all the time. They’re out there, pretty much. Morris Yeah, it definitely sounds like it can be a tough job. Yarborough It is, but it’s an interesting job. It’s rewarding. It’s rewarding in many ways, Jeff[sic]. You see that when there where the grass starts greening up after you’ve had a hard winter, and the frost has killed it and everything’s brown, and you’re feeding hay every day, and you’re feeding corn, and the ingredients that it takes to make the different types of feed we use, by the bagfuls, and spring starts coming, and the grass starts turning greener. The rains start to come. And you can smile again. But you always know it’s God’s country to begin with. You’re just the caregiver. That’s the attitude that I’ve tried to teach, and firmly believe in. Morris It sounds like it’s done a great job. Yarborough We’ve done well. We’ve been blessed. Morris And, I know you said one of your grandkids is 26, I think—one of the older ones? Yarborough Yes. Morris Will he be working in the cattle industry as well? Yarborough Oh, he helps. Yes. On his days off, it’s, and fortunately, his office is right across the street from our largest set of cow pens where we go in, off of Snow Hill Road. So, he can come over every now and then, and check on things. But on his days off, he can help us. Morris I thought he was a student at... Yarborough No, that’s the second, second one. This is the oldest one. Morris Gotcha. Oh okay, ma’am. Yarborough This is Robert, the oldest one, that works for the forestry unit. Morris Oh, okay. Yarborough And usually Mondays are his days off, because he’ll work weekends. And so, we plan to do a lot of pen work or have him riding on Mondays, when we got Robert a lot of times, ‘cause he’s a, he’s a good, big, strapping boy. Morris I have a question from a while ago. I just didn’t want to interrupt at the time. It was a—actually it goes even farther back, way back quite a ways, actually. You said earlier on that your husband had drafted into the service, correct? Yarborough Correct. Morris And this is in the early ‘50s—1954, I believe. Yarborough Yes, actually, it was ’55. Morris Oh, ’55, okay. Is that, was that a common occurrence at that time? Yarborough It was. Yes, you had the general, the boys, when they turned 21, they had to register. Or might have to register at 18, but they had to go about 21. Morris Definitely you get your draft card at 18, ma’am. That has not changed. Yarborough Oh, it hasn’t? Okay [laughs]. Morris No, I have my draft card. Yarborough Okay, hut he—he had to go. Morris Okay. So most, almost all males at that time... Yarborough Back then, yes. Morris Oh, okay. I didn’t realize that that was still occurring after the end of World War II. Yarborough Yes. Morris Okay, I just wanted to make that clear. I didn’t know if there was an exception for him, if it was a... Yarborough No, no. In fact, they did make exceptions. It’s called hardship [exemption]. If a family did not, did—a lot of agriculture families did get excused, because they needed the boys on the farms. Morris Couldn’t afford it. Oh, okay, ma’am. But that family could, or he chose to do it regardless of... Yarborough Well, no, he, they didn’t give him a choice. [laughs] Morris Oh. Oh, the military. Okay, ma’am. I’d like to do some more general questions about your life. Yarborough lease. Morris Do you have any, any stories or childhood memories that come to mind, that you’d like to share—have recorded, ma’am? Anything that you find hilarious, or that was really important during your life as you were growing up, or even past that? Yarborough I was very—I have always felt I was very blessed having people in my life that would take the patience to teach me many of the things they had learned in life—older people. And my mother working, as I said earlier, I stayed with my grandmother in Oxford. I also had the opportunity to stay with a great-aunt on my mother’s side, Grace Bevel, in Bushnell. She never had children, but she accepted me as hers, and Mother let me stay with her quite a bit in my younger years. And she was a very—she was a learned person, and most willing to teach me how to crochet, how to cook, how to be good to others, and a lot of Bible verses, and rhymes. Because in her day, a lot of the teaching was done by voice, from one to the other, and singing it or either telling the stories is where doing it like the history and such. But she taught by repeating rhymes and songs and things. And states and capitals, multiplication tables. There was a railroad track right next to her house, and we had to—for me to get to play on the railroad track, between trains, I had to learn to spell certain words, big hard words, and then I could go over and walk the railroad tracks. Morris Okay. Yarborough And that was—like I said, we didn’t have TVs or radios, back then. We invented our own playtime and playthings. But I had Aunt Grace, and I had Granny Olberry, and my mom. Those were the close ladies in my life until we moved to Geneva, and then Edward had an aunt, Catherine Kilby, who was his Uncle W. G.’s wife. They had no children, neither. But she took a liking to me, and was just like a mother in teaching me, because she too was a schoolteacher. And then Edward’s mother, Pearl Yarborough, was like a mother to me. We called her Mama Pearl, especially whenever the children started coming. Ed and I were married four years before we had any children, because we didn’t want to live in the house with his folks and raise children. So we waited ‘til we accumulated enough money to build a house, and we were given the piece of property by Mr. Kilby to build right there between his mother and him. They put the young couple there to help the older people, is what I was told. [laughs] And we did. We worked together beautifully as a family. But go ahead. Morris Oh, I was going to say, are there any historical events, even international or domestic? Yarborough I remember the day that that Second World War was declared. I had broken my arm. I was in the third grade, doing something very foolish—the seesaws. The seesaws at school were built up about three feet high, and the boards were about twelve foot long. And I was acting like Tarzan. I was standing up on one end, and there was five girls on the other, and they would bounce me up. They would hit the ground hard with their end, bounce me up, and I’d come down, and supposed to hit the board. And I was pretty good at it, ‘til I fell one morning and broke my arm, my shoulder, right in the shoulder. And the doctors wanted to remove my arm because gangrene set in. They could not set it. At that time, Second World War was going on. Morris Okay. Yarborough And all the good doctors had been taken to war, so it was just a group of older doctors in Ocala. No surgeons, and my mother was pregnant with my third sister. And she just begged the doctor not to, not to take my arm off. Girls couldn’t get along without an arm. And this is—this will show you how God works. God sent up a surgeon home to Ocala, Dr. Davis, and he was home for two weeks, because they were going to ship him overseas. And Mother’s Dr. Ferguson heard that he was home, and he called him up and told him about my arm, and he said that, told him that we’re going to have to cut it off, unless he thought he could do something. He said that he didn’t have any idea what to do, but he would try. So they fashioned some type of plate to fit around the bone, because it was broken in the joint, so to speak, where the arm joints the shoulder. And it had four screws in this plate, and the operation took six hours. And that was a long operation, back then, especially. And they said I could use that plate for about a year, but then they’d have to go in there and take it out, because my bone would still be growing, and they, it wouldn’t stay properly. But it would probably never be a working arm. But, during all of this, Mother had had the baby, and she stayed home with me, and they didn’t have physical therapy that much back then, but Mother would rub this arm and exercise it, and I wasn’t let ride a bicycle, or skate, and I was a very active sports person. But today I have use of my arm. Morris That’s fantastic, ma’am. Yarborough Because of the doctors. And they did the surgery the next year, took the plate out, and I’ve got about a 14 inch scar on the arm that doesn’t bother me a bit to show. I’m proud to have the arm. But that’s, two of them—oh, and to getting back. I’m regressing. During this time, I said I remember the day that they... Morris World War II. Yarborough World War [II] was declared. I remember reading in the Bible, as a youngster, that God said He would destroy the earth the next time by fire. The first time He destroyed the earth by water. Morris Yes, ma’am. Yarborough And they talked about the atomic bomb. Maybe it wasn’t war declared. It was when they did the, dropped the atomic bomb. Morris At the end of the war. Yarborough Yes, whenever they did that, I said, “Well, that’s what’s going to have a part in God’s next coming, is the atomic bomb.” That was just my mental perception. Morris That stuck out to you? Yarborough Yes, yes. Morris Okay. Yarborough But that could have changed my whole life, too. I could have lost my arm on that deal, had Dr. Davis not come home. Morris That’s definitely a memory that would have stuck with me too, ma’am. Do you—we’re about to wrap up. Do you have anything you’d like to share before we go, ma’am? Anything that you feel that we overlooked or bypassed? Yarborough I think you’ve done a marvelous job, Jeff[sic]. I just feel it a great privilege to have had the opportunity to grow up in the little community of Geneva. Geneva is made up of a lot of older people that have retired from businesses, but they are willing to work with youngsters down through the years, through the school systems and the different community groups that we have out there, through the homemakers and the 4-H, and through the [Rural] Heritage Center and churches. I just feel very fortunate to have been put there for a reason, and I’ve tried to repay it in every way that I could by working with the youth as much as I can, all through the years. So I feel very blessed to have been there. Morris Thank you very much, ma’am, for coming in today. Yarborough Thank you. Coverage Geneva, Florida Oxford, Florida Silver Springs, Florida Tuscawilla Park, Ocala, Florida Click to View (Movie, Podcast, or Website) <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/show/3671" target="_blank">Oral History of Ima Jean Bostick Yarborough</a> 4-H agriculture Argentine Bahia atomic bombs Betty Schlusemeyer Betty Yarborough Bevel, Grace Black Angus Bo Yarborough Brahman Bridges Academy bulls Bushnell butcher house butcher houses C. S. Lee C. W. Yarborough Catherine Kilby cattle cattle breeding cattle ranch cattle ranches Center Hill Central Florida Fair Charles Simeon Lee Charolais Chuluota conscription cow-calf operations cows Davis E. H. Kilby Econfina Creek Edward Yarborough Ferguson fertilizers Florida State Road 46 Fort Sill Francis Yarborough Geneva Goodwill Grace Bevel Grace Yarborough Gracie Yarborough Historical Society of Central Florida horses Ima Jean Bostick Ima Jean Yarborough improved grass improved grasses improved pastures J. K. Kilby J. W. Yarborough James Kilby Joe Morris Joseph Morris Kissimmee learning disabilities learning disability Lee, Robert Linda McKnight Batman Oral History Project Little Rock, Arkansas Lynn Yarborough Mary Dunn Methodist's Children's Home military drafts Morris, Joseph Museum of Seminole County History native grass native grasses Ocala Oklahoma Lawton Olberry Oviedo Oxford PACE School Palmetto Avenue pastures Pearl Yarborough Pensacola Pensacola Bahia Piggly Wiggly Reba Yarborough Robert Lee Robert Yarborough Ross Allen Ross Allen's Reptile Institute Rural Heritage Center Russell House Sanchez Avenue Sanchez Street Sanford Seminole County Seminole County Cattlemen's Association Silver Springs Snow Hill snow Hill Road special education SR 46 St. Johns River Sumter County Tuscawilla Park University of Florida Vickers, Savannah Volusia County W. E. Yarborough W. G. Kilby White-Faced Heifer Winn-Dixie World War II WWII https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/e0925df2f817076cfa68167fdaae4154.mp3 8e1cbd93d7fd002c1f25b20904601bd6 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/40fe75a4bd3f3d22520d0d3201d0b7e7.pdf a04627bc46fd2c35f2e4d4afb75215fd Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Winter Park Collection Description Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of Winter Park, Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around. The first known residents of the Winter Park area were the Seminole Indians, who were a creolized culture resulting from the intermingling of the Muscogee (also known as the Creek) people and the Chotaw people. In 1858, David Mizell, Hr. purchased a homestead between Lake Virginia, Lake Mizell, and Lake Berry. The settlement around his homestead was first called Lake View, until it was renamed Osceola in 1870. When a South Florida Railroad track was laid nearby, the area began to develop. Loring Chase and Oliver E. Chapman began planning the town of Winter Park around the late 1870s and early 1880s. Rollins College, Florida's first four-year college, was founded in 1885 and the Seminole Hotel opened the following year. Contributor <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> Cepero, Laura Lynn Alternative Title Winter Park Collection Subject Winter Park (Fla.) Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/46" target="_blank">Orange County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Winter Park, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="http://cityofwinterpark.org/" target="_blank">City of Winter Park</a>." City of Winter Park, Florida. http://cityofwinterpark.org/. "<a href="http://www.wphistory.org/explore-history/winter-park/" target="_blank">WINTER PARK HISTORY</a>." Winter Park History Museum, Winter Park Historical Society. http://www.wphistory.org/explore-history/winter-park/. Has Part <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/152" target="_blank">Albin Polasek Museum & Sculpture Gardens Collection</a>, Winter Park Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer Youngers, Stephanie Interviewee L'Heureux, Ed Location <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a>, Sanford, Florida. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Oral History of Ed L'Heureux Alternative Title Oral History, L'Heureux Subject Winter Park (Fla.) Rollins College (Winter Park, Fla.) DeLand (Fla.) Insurance--Florida Authors--United States Historians--Florida Race relations--United States Segregation--Florida Hurricanes--Florida Orlando (Fla.) Tourism--Florida Description An oral history intervied of Ed L'Heureux, conducted by Stephanie Youngers on November 12, 2010. L'Heureux was born in Gloversville, New York, in May of 1939, but migrated to Winter Park, Florida, at the age of five. In the interview, L'Heureux discusses growing up in Winter Park, fish fry events, his wife and family, his careers as an insurance agent and as an author, Rollins College, The Yearling, race relations in Winter Park, hurricanes, his father's trucking business, his service in the military, and the effects of the development of Walt Disney World on Central Florida. Table Of Contents 0:00:00 Introduction 0:00:11 Migrating to Florida 0:01:16 Memories of Winter Park 0:02:15 Fish fry events 0:03:06 Educational history 0:04:49 Careers as an insurance agent and as an author 0:07:39 Wife and children 0:10:49 Rollins College 0:12:35 The Yearling 0:14:05 Race relations in Winter Park 0:18:36 Hurricanes in Central Florida 0:21:13 Father’s trucking business 0:27:24 Military service and college education 0:30:43 Walt Disney World 0:38:54 Closing remarks Abstract Oral history interview of Ed L'Heureux. Interview conducted by Stephanie Youngers at the <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a>, Sanford, Florida. Type Text Source Original 39-minute and 25-second oral history: L'Heureux, Ed. Interviewed by Stephanie Youngers. November 12, 2010. <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a>, Sanford, Florida. Requires Multimedia software, such as <a href="http://www.apple.com/quicktime/download/" target="_blank"> QuickTime</a>. <a href="http://www.adobe.com/reader.html" target="_blank">Adobe Acrobat Reader</a> Is Part Of <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a>, Sanford, Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/34" target="_blank">Winter Park Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Creator Youngers, Stephanie Contributor L'Heureux, Ed Dombrowski, Diana Date Created 2010-11-12 Date Modified 2014-09-16 Date Copyrighted 2010-11-12 Format audio/mp3 application/pdf Extent 397 KB 1601 KB Medium 39-minute and 25-second audio recording 19-page typed transcript Language eng Mediator History Teacher Economics Teacher Geography Teacher Provenance Originally created by Stephanie Youngers and Ed L'Heureux, and transcribed by Diana Dombrowski. Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by the <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> External Reference "<a href="http://cityofwinterpark.org/" target="_blank">City of Winter Park</a>." City of Winter Park, Florida. http://cityofwinterpark.org/. Transcript Youngers Hello, my name is Stephanie Youngers. Today is November 12, 2010. And I am interviewing Mr. Ed L’Heureux here at the Museum of Seminole County History. How are you today? L’Heureux I’m fine today. Youngers Good. We would like to begin by asking where and when you were born. L’Heureux I was born in Gloversville, New York. Upstate New York. In May of 1939. Youngers And how did you make your way into the Florida area? L’Heureux My dad and mother moved from New York to New Jersey during World War II. He was in the Coast Guard and my mother inherited some property in Central Florida at the end of the war when her uncle died. And we came down to seek it out. We sold a little farm in New Jersey, and loaded things on a truck like the Okies going to California, and came to Florida with no turning back. And we didn’t like the property. My mother didn’t like it. It was rattlesnake-infested. But we decided to stay, because we liked Florida. Youngers Oh, well good. And about how old were you when you… L’Heureux I was five. Five years old. Youngers You’ve been here a long time, then. L’Heureux Since I was five. Youngers You might as well be a native. L’Heureux I wish I could claim the other five years. Youngers Whereabouts did you live when you moved here? L’Heureux We moved to Winter Park. Winter Park. Youngers So, wow. When, I mean, do you have memories of Winter Park, as far as the way it looked, and…? L’Heureux Oh, absolutely. There were wooden sidewalks on two blocks in Winter Park, just like Little House on the Prairie. You know, out west in that TV show. Wooden sidewalks. You’d clop along, and then they were torn down about two years later to make way for a bank, but it was a frontier town. Youngers Really. L’Heureux All the old cars were still around. People came in the winters and went back up north in the summers. A couple of garages close to Park Avenue in Winter Park, you would see the old Pierce Arrows and Cadillacs and Packards that were there. They’d take the train back up north and leave the car here for next winter. So it was a sleepy, beautiful little town in those days. Youngers Oh, wow. Well …it’s still a pretty little town. L’Heureux It still is. It still is. Youngers It definitely has gotten much larger. L’Heureux Yes. Regrettably. Youngers Did they have any kind of local gathering or events or anything in Winter Park that you attended? L’Heureux One of the first things I remember were fish fries. They had mullet fish fries. The Lion’s Club put them on and brought concrete blocks to the grammar school playground. Put wooden planks on top for tables, and concrete blocks and wooden planks for benches, and they’d cook this mullet and they’d deep-fry this mullet, you could smell it a block away. And it was delicious. Youngers And it was a whole town event that everybody attended? L’Heureux Well, it could have been a town event. Anybody could come and pay maybe for a dollar for the dinner. And the Lion’s Club put it on about three or four times a year, and everybody came and they strung lights on the playground. Those naked yellow lights—the little bulbs—and a little music in the background. And it was tremendous. Youngers Oh, very neat. L’Heureux The whole fish fry. Yeah. I remember it. Youngers So, the schools you attended? L’Heureux Winter Park Elementary, which is part of Rollins College today. It has been torn down now. But old Winter Park Elementary and Winter Park High School was built in 1923. Went to all three public schools there and loved it dearly. It was a great town. Great town. Nobody locked their houses or their cars. Literally. Youngers Wow. You can’t do that now. L’Heureux No. You can’t do that now. Youngers So, did you go to college from here? L’Heureux I went into the Army right after high school, and got out fairly soon, had a little period of time. Went to Stetson University up in DeLand about 40 miles away. I went to DeLand and graduated with a history degree there, went on to law school, and moved back to Orlando and Winter Park and have been in that area ever since. Youngers And you still live there now? L’Heureux I live in Winter Springs, which is close. It’s north. But that whole area has been my home for the longest time. When I give speeches, they say I’m a native when I’m introduced, but I can’t claim that first five years. Youngers Sure you can. L’Heureux Wish I could, but… Youngers Did you work as an attorney when you came back? L’Heureux No, no, no. I never practiced law at all. I dropped out before I was through. There was a lady there—I fell in love with her and we both didn’t like the law that much, for some strange reason. We both dropped out and we were married just under 40 years. Youngers Oh, wow. That’s good. L’Heureux She passed away in ‘03 of cancer, but we had a long life together. Youngers Good. What did you do, as far as a career and things? L’Heureux I was in the insurance business. I had an insurance agency. I had a Nationwide Insurance agency. I never liked business particularly, because I was trained a[sic] historian and I always wished that I’d been closer to that. And now, late in life, in my sixties and seventies, I’m a public lecturer on a myriad of Florida topics. And I write books. I’ve written 15 books, and I’m doing what I should have done as a younger man. And late in life, I’m able to do what I wish I had done earlier. So it’s kind of nice. Youngers So, you’re writing books. Is that just a passion you always had? L’Heureux Yes. I had a joint major in Stetson—History and English. And I always wanted to write books. And I always wanted to write books about Florida—novels. And in my insurance career, which was somewhat boring—I hate to say that, but it wasn’t really a stimulating thing for me. I had a family to raise, kids to raise, and I went through it and did it and was able to accomplish it, but the fire was not in the furnace. And my dad saw that melancholic hue when I was in my early forties, and he said, why don’t you dust off your pencil and pen and write again like you did in college? Because in college, I wrote for the paper. Wrote feature articles for The DeLand Sun News, up in Stetson at DeLand. And one day, I was out walking in a field and I saw a story. It just came to me. And I wrote it, and I wrote a second and third and fourth, and took it down to Rollins College, to a friend of my dad’s who was in the English department, and he thought they were very good. And my career was launched. Youngers So you’ve been doing this now since you were in your forties? L’Heureux Yes, yes, over 20 years. Youngers Oh, very nice. And when you do public lectures and things, what do you talk about? L’Heureux I have a slate of, oh, about 35 topics. All aspects of Florida history. Current, old history. Civil War. Seminole Indian Wars. Many of the industries—citrus, cattle, timber. The early founders. The early explorers. The treasure coast. Over 30 lectures I’ve crafted and researched and I deliver all around to all manner of places. Youngers And you do them at the local colleges? L’Heureux Yes, I do college level. Civic clubs, retirement centers, private organizations—business enrichment for companies that want to enrich their employees with a lecture. All kinds of ways and things. And I’m doing that now, currently in retirement, and I love it. Youngers Well, you said you were married, and you mentioned you had children. Do you have a special courtship story? L’Heureux Yes, I do, as a matter of fact. Funny you’d ask that. It’s not staged. I’ll never forget it. We were in law school together. And I had noticed her, because there were three women in the law school, and the rest were men. And she cut a pretty nice figure and I noticed her early on. And we had never spoken. We had seen each other and she had noticed me and I had noticed her. We were both freshmen. She had come in a semester before me. I had come in on the off-semester. And oh, maybe two or three weeks had gone by, and I had heard that everyone was dating her, and I found out that nobody was. It was just a rumor. We sat next to each other on a bench before class. The first words she said to me were, “I wonder what colors eyes our children will have.” Youngers Oh my. L’Heureux Just like that. Just like that. And for once in my life, I was speechless. She said it just like that. And the answer was blue and brown, but not on the same child. So we had a son and a daughter, and they were brown-eyed and blue-eyed. The first thing she ever said to me. So I guess that’s a courtship story. Youngers That was very forward. And that’s right. L’Heureux That’s exactly what she said. Youngers That’s awesome. L’Heureux It just—I wonder what color eyes our children will have. Youngers That’s very good. L’Heureux Isn’t that amazing? Youngers Yes, that’s awesome. And do you have any special family heirlooms or keepsakes that your kids share? Do your kids share your passion for history? L’Heureux Not particularly. That’s strange. They don’t. My wife was trained as a journalist. And I had the English major, and History, and I had been writing. We both were writers. She wrote in industry. My son is a[sic] entrepreneur of sorts. He’s a very successful businessmen. He went to Georgia State [University] on a tennis scholarship and was an excellent student all the way along. And he operates and owns a company. And he’s a businessman and a coach. He coaches his daughters—my granddaughters—in lacrosse. And he’s steeped in the business world, but also with his church and philanthropic things. He likes history, but not with the same passion I have. My daughter is in the insurance business. Similar to what I did for a long, long time. I think mine was 27 years—something like that. And she’s got two children. My son has two children. She’s too busy to read much about history. So I don’t think—even though they’re smart children, they were exceptional in school, and I don’t think they have that historic bent. That happens a lot. But they’re both successful in their own right, and I’m happy about that. Youngers You all lived in Winter Park for a long time. Do you remember any historical events that happened? L’Heureux Yes. I do. A couple I could mention. Rollins College had a very close union with Winter Park. They were joined at the hip, and they loved each other, and they just cooperated all the way through. It was wonderful to see. Rollins had something called The Animated Magazine” where people would come and speak and tell their life story, or a portion thereof. Some of the greatest notables of the age came. And I was selling newspapers there as a young boy, in my teens and even younger—10, 11, 12, 13. And I saw some great people. James Cagney, Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings—the writer—Mary [McLeod] Bethune—the educator—all kinds of people from all walks of endeavor. And that made a great impression on me, because I knew some of these people. I knew their plaudits, I knew their successes, and yet I could see them speak from a stage. And here I was scurrying around trying to sell newspapers there. They held it every winter, in one of the months without a lot of rain. They held it outdoors in February. It’s usually cool. And I remember in the early days, when I was just a little boy, the women and men would come all decked out. Women would wear hats, you know, all women wore hats until somewhere in the ‘40s—‘50s, I guess it was. And they’d wear their fox stoles with little beaded eyes, you know—and foxes, all heavy coats in the winter time. And men would dress up with hats. I remember that. And I think I got a lot of history from that. One thing from my youth that I recall, when Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings wrote The Yearling, the famous book which won the Pulitzer Prize in 1939. The movie came out in the late ‘40s. With Gregory Peck and Jane Wyman. And the theaters thought so much about it that they decked the theaters—the lobbies—in a Florida motif. Hanging moss, they had a possum in a cage, they had a raccoon in a cage, they had palmetto bushes in there, just like the big scrub that she wrote about. And it was—everybody was decked out in old frontier days, and you walk in the lobby, you thought you were at Cross Creek, where she lived. And you can’t get that today. Youngers Oh my. And that’s the theater in Winter Park? L’Heureux Well, the theater in Winter Park, the Colony [Theatre], and the theater in Orlando, the Beacham [Theatre]. Today, you’ve got a multiplex. You know, you’ve got 20 little theaters. Nobody talks to anybody, you just go in, and there you go. And you can never get that today. But they thought so much of her movie, after she won the Pulitzer Prize. They decked the lobby of the theaters in Winter Park and Orlando in a Florida backcountry theme. Literally. You know, you could see a possum in a cage, and a raccoon, and moss dripping down, you know. Palmetto bushes, which were cut up and put in there as props. So I remember those things. Youngers Wow. Were there—when you were attending school and things, during the times of segregation and things, do you recall anything as far as when those differences came in? Were there any notable things in the Winter Park area or even Seminole County area that you remember as far as that? L’Heureux Well, I remember never playing ball against any black boys or African-Americans. Never. You know. They had their own schools. And it was a shame, because they were great athletes. I never interacted with them in high school in any manner. We knew where they were, they knew where we were, and we were friendly to them, you know. But I look back and remember the colored restrooms, where they were marked “colored,” where the African-Americans had to go to separate restrooms. I remember my dad’s business. He was in the trucking business. And he would hire casual labor every day down in Winter Park in Hannibal Square. And we’d go down there and they’d come up to the door of his car and ask whatever he was paying, and they’d negotiate the pay, and then they’d get in the back seat and go for a day’s labor. When I was out on the trucks with him—because I worked on my dad’s truck from the time I was 12 years old—hauling freight, hauling furniture. We’d go to a diner, and get something to eat sometimes at lunch, and if we didn’t bring our lunch. And the black laborers would have to sit out back. Sit down on the ground out back. And my dad would order a sandwich for them. They would go through the kitchen, go out the back door, and they’d sit and eat it out back. They weren’t allowed in to sit. Youngers And they didn’t even really have a dining area? L’Heureux No. There was no dining area, even. And we took the bus a lot in those days, from Winter Park to Orlando. I used to go down to Orlando to a bookstore—McVicker’s—go down to the theaters there when I was a small boy—10, 11, 12. On the bus, by myself. If I use “colored,” “blacks,” “African-Americans” —it’s interchangeable, because they called themselves those things at various times. But they would come on the bus, and they’d march right to the back of the bus. And sit, and there’d be no question about it. And if one was sitting and a white woman came on and there was no place for her to sit, they were expected to give up their seat. Youngers Wow. L’Heureux So I was in the terrible segregation days. Grew up in it. It was terrible. I loathe the fact that it took place. I would like to have interacted with them. I played baseball—sports—in high school. We never played against blacks ever, that I can ever remember. Youngers Once they made that change, how did the community react? L’Heureux Well, some fought it for a long time, because they always wanted something to lord over people. You know how people are. A lot of people embraced it, were happy about it, and glad it came along. But it was a very begrudging thing. It didn’t happen overnight. We had Brown v. the Board of Education—the lawsuit and the legal argument at the Supreme Court—but it wasn’t like turning a light on or off, you know, all of a sudden. There was a transition period of several years. Several years. I remember when I was at Stetson—my senior year, I was in charge of homecoming. And we had a black entertainer come from New York for a homecoming dance and a concert. His name was Roy Hamilton, and he was excellent. He wasn’t quite as famous as Johnny Mathis in those days, but this is in the late ‘50s—‘59 or ‘60—and I was in charge of getting him lodging, for he and his wife, and his bass player, and his piano player. And no motel would take him. No motel would take him. And I had to put him up in a couple of houses in the black section of DeLand. And this—this guy was a New York entertainer, he was an RCA Victor recording artist. He was big. Roy Hamilton, back in the ‘50s and ‘60s. And I couldn’t find lodging for him. He drove—drove down from New York and I was so embarrassed. No hotel would take them. So, to answer your question, it was a long process. It didn’t happen overnight. Youngers Wow. L’Heureux It’s hard to believe, isn’t it? Youngers It is. It is. Is there any other things, like those type of events, that you can recall? I mean, I know the history of just this area—they had the freeze, and they had hailstorms, and the fires, and hurricanes, and things. L’Heureux Well, hurricanes, yes. I can tell you stories about the hurricanes. The Weather Bureau [National Weather Service] was so embryonic in its stage, and so much in its infancy. We didn’t have good rapport with the Weather Bureau, because they didn’t have good rapport with the storms. And we had our radios in the early days before TV. We had our little Philco radios. And they’d scratch and you could barely hear them sometimes. And the indicator of hurricanes was not somebody coming on the TV or the radio to tell you, it was the Australian pines. Australian pines were brought to Florida as a windbreak. And also, a windbreak against hurricanes. And also, because they looked kind of pretty in margins of road and along canals and this kind of thing. My dad had Australian pines on our property. Our warehouses were next to our home, because we lived in a rural part of town. And the Australian pines would whoosh and you’d hear them make a sound that was different than just a little storm. The hurricane sound was unmistakable. It was a wail—an actual wail. And we’d hear it, and then we’d say, “There must be a storm coming.” And a lot of times, it’d be a hurricane. It would be a hurricane, and this was the late ‘40s, the early ‘50s. And I can remember some terrible storms that came through Orlando. Rowboats on the street, you know, and the water off, the lights off, for days. But the early warning for hurricanes was so backward, because we didn’t have the technology for it. And we missed school all the time. And it would rain for days when the storms were around. I remember distinctly, storms in the late ‘40s and early ‘50s that were rough that came through here. Trees down, and power out, but we had no notice. It wasn’t like the hurricanes in ‘26 in Miami and ‘28 that came across Lake Okeechobee. When they were there, you knew they were there. But not any notice. And even in the ‘40s and ‘50s, we had almost no notice of hurricanes. Youngers Wow. Wow. That’s—kind of makes you wonder what we would do without these things. L’Heureux Exactly, today. Youngers You were saying earlier too that your father ran a trucking business? L’Heureux My dad had a trucking business, and there’s a great story there. He bought an old truck—a 1934 Ford—in New Jersey, where we had our farm. He was in the Coast Guard and almost farmed by night. He farmed with the lights on on[sic] the tractor. He’d farm at night, because we was trying to make a living. And my mother would take the produce and sell it downtown. In an old Pontiac car with a running board, and my sister and I were three, four years old, and we’d go with her. He bought this truck to transport our belongings from the farmhouse to Florida. My mother inherited this property out near Rock Springs, out near Apopka. And he had money from the sale of the farm. And he built our house that summer. The war was over that summer. And the goods coming in, like [inaudible] nails to build a house were slow. My dad had never built a house. My dad was afraid of nothing. He built a house and not knowing how to do it. He built it. The footers, the concrete block foundation, the rafters—he just built it with the help of two men from town, and had a little money from the sale of the farm. The summer—and by fall, the money was low, and he had no job. The house was up, we were in the house. So he took the truck down to the railroad station, when the Rollins co-eds were coming in for the year. And in those days, almost nobody drove a car to college. You took the train. Literally. And Rollins was a fancy, expensive school, even in those days. He met somebody down in Winter Park. “I’ve been here all summer. I need a job.” “We built our house. We’re in our house. I need a job now.” He had that truck. The man said, “Why don’t you go down to the train station and walk down through the cars when they stop and tell them you’ll haul trunks to the college—to the dormitories?” He said, “Taxicabs have been doing this for years.” So my father took his truck down there, and in competition with the taxicab drivers, he walked up and down the train saying, “We’ve got a truck outside to haul your trunk.” So he started hauling trunks to the college for about 10 days, till everybody was down and school was in session, and he was out of work ,because he had worked for 10 days. So he ran an ad in the paper in Winter Park. He had a caption that read, “We will move anything”. And he put it in the paper with a phone number—four digits. You could talk to the operator. And this was right after World War II. And he set up a moving business. And he was in the moving business 28 years. Youngers Wow. L’Heureux Trucks and warehouses, and that’s how he had his start. Youngers Wow, that’s really cool. L’Heureux I think so. He had a truck and no job, and he put the truck to work. Youngers Wow. And your mom—did she stay home? L’Heureux She stayed home and ran the office. And he was in the early years out there in the truck, hauling with everybody else. And then he graduated to giving advice and direction behind the scenes as he got older and his business grew—flourished. Youngers Wow, that’s a really cool story. L’Heureux I think so. Youngers Well, is there anything that you would like to discuss that I haven’t really brought up? L’Heureux Well, yes. I guess. Let’s see. I was very fortunate in living as a young boy and young man through probably as wonderful a time in Florida history as there could be. That was from the end of World War II until the early 60s, when all the riots started and all the national trouble with the Vietnam War. There were about 15, 18 years in there that were just marvelous. And I—it was all my grammar school years, my high school years, my college years. It was just a remarkable place to grow up. It was remarkable. I would ride my bicycle—you are not going to believe this. Nine and 10 years old, I’d ride my bicycle two and a half miles to Downtown Winter Park, go to the police station, and say, “I was going to lock it in one of their little racks. Would they look after it?” I’m telling you the truth. I was taking the bus to Orlando for the day. And I’d get on the bus at age nine or 10, by myself. You know, you never thought about bad people. You never heard of them. And I would go to Orlando on the old bus, go to McVicker’s bookstore and buy a Hardy Boys book. They were popular then. Go to a Saturday matinee and see Roy Rogers and Gene Autry and eat popcorn and Coke. Spend all day in Orlando. Go by the Cub Scout den, the Yowell Drew Ivey’s—a great department store. Look for the next badge I was going to get, or a new hat, or whatever. And come back in the afternoons, after being in Orlando for six or seven hours, claim my bicycle from the police rack, unlock the thing that locked it, and ride home at night, and be gone all day. Nine, 10 years old. I’m telling you the truth. Nobody thought a thing about it. Youngers Wow. L’Heureux Today, you couldn’t even—I was in grammar school! I remember going once when I was 10 years old to Orlando with a $10 bill for Christmas presents. And I bought my dad a fishing lure at Denmark’s Sporting Goods store, which was a landmark—Denmark’s. I went to the Yowell Drew Ivey’s, and bought my sister a little gift, a Nancy Drew book. Because Nancy Drew was like Hardy Boys. Nancy Drew was for girls, and Hardy Boys was for boys. And I went over to Dickson [&] Ives, went up the floor in an elevator, and bought my mother a nice handkerchief. And I had lunch down there. I had bought a gift for my sister, my father, my mother. And went to the movies and came home and still had change from the $10 bill. Youngers Oh, my goodness. L’Heureux I remember it, I was about 10 or 11 years old. Youngers Wow. L’Heureux And it wasn’t that I was particularly brave or anything. It was just that you didn’t have any worries. Nobody accosted you or anything. There was never any trouble. I’d go to Orlando alone for the day. Youngers Wow. I don’t even go to Orlando alone right now. L’Heureux Exactly. Exactly. Youngers So, you’d mentioned too that you had served some time in the army? L’Heureux Yes. Youngers Did you serve in the war? L’Heureux No, no. I’m not particularly proud of that, but it wasn’t my fault. I had the wrong age. I was too young for [the] Korea[n War] and too old for [the] Vietnam [War]. Now, I would have been old enough for Vietnam, but I was married by then, had a child by then, and I didn’t go. But I signed in the Army Reserves when I was in high school. I went to Reserve meetings when I was a junior in high school. And senior. That’s pretty young to be out there—a soldier with men. I was only 16. And then I went in the active duty after high school. And got out—and we only went six months to active duty, and we were in Reserves seven and a half years. And I was going to go to Davidson College in North Carolina, because some friends went and I was accepted there. I came back in January, after six months in the service, from June to January, and some friends talked me into going to Stetson for just a semester. Because if I didn’t go to school, I was going to be on my dad’s trucks hauling furniture. I promise you—I hated to go home on the weekends form college, because I’m going to be on his truck working. So I said, “Going to college is better than working on Dad’s trucks.” So I went to Stetson and liked it and never went to Davidson. I went on through Stetson the whole time. But that’s how that worked out. We used to—when I finally got a car at Stetson, I could get a tank of gas a week if I’d come home and see Mom and Dad. It was only 34 miles from DeLand to Winter Park. And I would run the gas down to near the E-mark, because I knew how far it was. There was a Pure station in our neighborhood—an old Pure station—and I could get a tank of gas. And of course, I always bought my dirty linens home in a big duffel bag for Mother, you know. I would, time and time and time again. One time, I got down to Casselberry, and I thought that I was going to run out of gas. And I pumped nine cents. Nine cents of gas. And the gasoline was about 32 cents a gallon. I got enough to get me home. Nine cents! Youngers Oh, my goodness. L’Heureux There are more, you know, people that are older—a hundred years old—remember the early 1900s, which is even more archaic than what I’m talking about. But you asked me what I remember. That, from end of World War II until the Vietnam War, America was at its zenith, its power, its influence, its peacetime. And it was a marvelous time to grow up in Florida. Florida was booming. The tourism was starting. The [Lockheed] Martin Company came to Orlando. The Cape [Canaveral] was starting to make some rumbles, and Orlando was really growing. I know in my graduating class—and my sister’s—we were about the same size, the year before me. We were 56, 57, 58. We’re all about the same. Two or three years later, the class size had doubled, because of the Martin Company and all the Allied Aerospace Company [Allied Aerospace, Inc.]. People were flooding into Florida in the late ‘50s and early ‘60s. But it was a great place to grow up. I miss it. It’s gone. It’s gone. Youngers I can understand that. Do you remember when they first built [Walt] Disney [World? L’Heureux Oh, yes. I remember “B.D.”—“Before Disney”. Oh, I do. I do. I went into the brokerage business and met a man who made a lot of money by being on the inside looking out, and bought land as a speculator. He ran a service station in Beverly Hills. And he owned it. He was blue collar, but he owned it, and all the stars would gas up there. And he flew an aircraft, along with a couple of his buddies. Had a little piper cup group. And the word is, that Disney was coming east. They had Disneyland, and they were coming east, and they thought it was going to be St. Louis[, Missouri]. Proved not to be St. Louis, because Mr. [Adolphus] Busch from Busch—Anheuser-Busch [Companies, Inc.], heard something that they weren’t going to serve beer, and he said something at a big gala unveiling, “you can’t come to St. Louis and not sell beer.” And Walt Disney didn’t like that. So St. Louis was crossed off. The next option was either Ocala or Orlando. So this man from California that owned an old Standard Oil gas station—he was a thousand-aire, he wasn’t a millionaire. He knew some of the stars. And they leaked that this area might be it. So he and three of his buddies flew—took a month off—flew piper cubs[?] to Orlando Executive Airport—the old airport—checked into a motel, hired Kelly [Service, Inc.] girls to post themselves in the various county seats—Kissimmee, Tavares, Sanford, Orlando—to see if anything unusual was being recorded— anything deeds or anything. They ate four meals a day, trying to eavesdrop scuttlebutt. They got their hair cut every week whether they needed it or not. They got their shoes shined. They wanted to be where scuttlebutt was, where gossip was, because they were trying to bankroll the buying of land if Disney was going to buy in Orlando. They’d meet every night and confer. “How’d your day go?” “Where’d you go?” “Oh, I ate four meals in restaurants,” and this and this and this. And they’d move the Kelly girls around every day. The girl that was in Orlando would be in Sanford and then the next day she’d be in Tavares so she wouldn’t be suspicious. And they had a map they put across their bed in the motels there. “Where were you?” It was like a war. They were trying to find out if Disney was coming here. So then money was going. This is a true story. He gave this story in my living room. In fact, I did business with him. He’s dead now. I shouldn’t use his name. The money was up, and darn it, we didn’t find it. Nothing. Because it was really—only three people in town knew it. The man in charge of The Orlando Sentinel, the man in charge of First [inaudible] Bank of Orlando. I mean, it was like keeping the A-bomb secret. Because Disney knew the prices would escalate. So here’s the story. And it’s true. They checked out of their motel rooms. They got their planes at Orlando Executive Airport. And they had flown during the month around to see what they could see from the air too. They flew out to present Lake Buena Vista that had a wind sock little airstrip there owned by a family-kind of a mom-and-pop business. Little wind sock, you know. And piper cubs[?] would land. A place to gas up. So they landed there to gas up. It was a two day flight to California. They were flying to Texas and then on to California. Little piper cubs[?], they go about 120 miles an hour, tops. Youngers Right. L’Heureux There was an old boy there at the little airstrip with an old cracker hat on, piece of straw in his mouth. You know, and he was making conversation with them. And they were glum, because they were there and spent a month’s salary and nothing. And this guy—and this is a true story. He told it in my living room. You could hear a pin drop. This guy said, “What’s going on around here? Mr. Brown down here, he’s got his farm for sale. Mr. Smith down here, he’s under option with some other people, and Mr. Miller down here, he’s selling out too.” “And Mr. C.”—I’ll call him “Mr. C.,” because he’s gone. I want to protect him. He said, “Oh, really? Oh really, really? People around here auctioning their farms? Yeah, we don’t know what’s going on. It’s crazy over here right now.” Well, it was at Bay Lake, right by where it was. And they came in and made some deals with farmers under the rug, and so Mr. C. and his buddies got back in the airplanes, went back to the motel, which was on Colonial Drive—across from a place called Ronnie’s Restaurant, which was famous—checked back into the motel, and redoubled their efforts, and found it. Youngers Oh, my goodness. L’Heureux And they begged, borrowed, and stole every buck they could from California—their friends, their relatives. And in two short years, they were all multi-millionaires. The guy at the gas-up station at the little family-owned airstrip spilled the beans. Youngers Wow. L’Heureux Now, that’s a true story, and isn’t that a great story? Yeah, it’s funny, but… Youngers It’s great that that’s how you find out stuff, though. It might not be in the middle of the city. It might just be… L’Heureux That’s right. They had Kelly girls they hired. They were everywhere. Listening—listening in the corridors of courthouses. All of them got fat, he said, because they were going in every restaurant, every diner, trying to sit and hear something, you know. They got their shoes shined when they glistened, you know. Got their haircut too often. They just wanted to be places to get gossip. Because they’re trying to bankroll big money. Thirty days—nothing. They leave town, they gas up, and the guy at the place spills the beans. And he said, “It was the greatest thing he had ever heard.” He said, “Oh, really? This, Mr. Smith and Mr. Brown?” That probably was not the names, but those were the names he used. It was somebody that was selling out to Disney. And this was all prior to the announcement. So they went back, and said, “We found it.” And it was Bay Lake. And they found it. And they searched for 30 days and couldn’t find it. Youngers Well, now, did it really help the area? Initially it brought in a lot of income, and… L’Heureux Well, I’m an environmentalist. You know, my books have that theme. I love nature. I love the outdoors. And yes, it’s done a lot of good, but I like the old Florida. I write about the old Florida. The backcountry roads, the way it was, you know. The animals. Not that we had them running loose, because we had cattle fencing and all, but I guess it’s helped. If you’re on I[nterstate Highway]-4 in gridlock, and a tractor-trailer’s across the way and you’re two hours late for an appointment, you’re not liking it. There was no turning back once Disney came. It was just—it was just frantic. It was the most frantic thing I’d ever seen. The people coming in here with jobs, and the growth, it was just unbelievable. I like the old Florida. I like the old days. Youngers Wow. L’Heureux But that story about Mr. C. is a true story. I did business with him and we had him out to the house one night for beer and popcorn, and had some of my friends over, about 10 of us. Maybe a little more. And we all sat around listening to him tell that story. And that’s just a fantastic story. Youngers It’s hard to imagine what Florida would be like without that aspect of it, especially Central Florida. L’Heureux Well, it would have grown despite Disney. It was growing early. The Cape—the aerospace industry really took off after the war and in the early ‘50s, it would have grown without Disney. People had pensions. They had retirements for the first time. And they wanted to get out of the cold. So it had started to grow long before Disney. But not at the rate that Disney brought after that. When they came, it was much different than it would have been. It would have been a gradual increase. It wouldn’t be like it is today. But it still would have been a very big state. So we can’t blame Disney totally. Youngers No. Well, if you don’t have anything else. L’Heureux Stephanie, I think this has been fun. And enjoyable. And to learn that you came from the Okeechobee area, which I know also. And I went to college with many people from the towns around Lake Okeechobee—La Belle—also and I so enjoyed being interviewed by you today. Youngers Well, good. I’m glad. L’Heureux Thank you. Coverage Orlando, Florida Hannibal Square, Winter Park, Florida Beacham Theatre, Orlando, Florida Colony Theatre, Winter Park, Florida Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida Stetson University, DeLand, Florida Winter Park Elementary, Winter Park, Florida Winter Park, Florida active duty Allied Aerospace, Inc. Australian pines authors Beacham Theatre Brown v. the Board of Education Busch, Adolphus Cape Canaveral Colony Theatre Davidson College DeLand Diana Dombrowski Downtown Winter Park Ed L'Heureux fish fish fries fish fry Gloversville, New York Hannibal Square historians hurricanes insurance agents insurance industry Kelly Services, Inc. lecturer lecturers Lion's Club Lockheed Martin McVicker's mullets Museum of Seminole County History National Weather Service Nationwide Insurance orlando Park Avenue race relations Rawlings, Marjorie Kinnan Rollins College Roy Hamilton segregation Stephanie Youngers Stetson University The Animated Magazine The DeLand Sun News The Yearling tourism trucking industry U.S. Army U.S. Army Reserve Walt Disney Walt Disney World Walter Elias Disney Weather Bureau Winter Park Winter Park Elementary School Winter Park High School https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/84d7d1f5884c782ab24e7a60d609c769.jpg 2f6c8f7e6a9af7c53bc9b9e1181f9868 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Transcript MANN & MILLS DRY GOODS. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Up From the Ashes Collection Alternative Title Up From the Ashes Collection Subject Winter Garden (Fla.) Stores, Retail--United States Railroads--Florida Orange industry--Florida Citrus fruit industry--Florida Garages--United States Fires--United States Description Collection of digital images from the Up From the Ashes exhibit displayed at the Winter Garden Heritage Foundation in Winter Garden, Florida. The exhibit depicts the history of Winter Garden's business district following two devastating fires in 1909 and 1912. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/46" target="_blank">Orange County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/105" target="_blank">Winter Garden Collection</a>, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/115" target="_blank">Winter Garden Heritage Foundation Collection</a>, Orange County Collection, Winter Garden Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Winter Garden, Florida Winter Garden Heritage Foundation, Winter Garden, Florida Rights Holder Copyright to these resources are held by the <a href="http://www.wghf.org/" target="_blank">Winter Garden Heritage Foundation</a> and are provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository <a href="http://www.wghf.org/" target="_blank">Winter Garden Heritage Foundation</a> External Reference Cappleman, Kay, and Rod Reeves. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/651031169" target="_blank">Sundays in the South: Touring West Orange County</a>. Winter Garden, FL: Winter Garden Heritage Foundation, 2009. "<a href="http://www.cwgdn.com/" target="_blank">Welcome</a>." City of Winter Garden. http://www.cwgdn.com/. Winter Garden Heritage Foundation. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/39368776" target="_blank">All Aboard!: A Journey Through Historic Winter Garden, 1880-1950</a>. Winter Garden, FL: The Foundation, 1997. Contributor <a href="http://www.wghf.org/" target="_blank">Winter Garden Heritage Foundation</a> Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Mann and Mills Dry Goods Store and Lafayette Apartments Alternative Title Mann and Mills Dry Goods Description The Mann and Mills Dry Goods store at 31 South Main Street in Winter Garden, Florida. The building was constructed by James Lafayette Dillard (1858-1943) in 1922. Thomas Franklin Mann and Willie Mills migrated to Winter Garden in 1912, where they opened their original store in the Dillard and Boyd Building. They later relocated to the location in the photograph. The second floor featured the Lafayette Apartments was named in honor of Dillard. The building went through various owners over the years and during World War II, a man named Collie Biggers opened the Gem Theatre there to compensate for the popularity of the Garden Theatre. An array of businesses use the building now. Type Still Image Source Original black and white photograph: <a href="http://www.wghf.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/ASHES-FINAL-POSTER-page-001-JPG1.jpg" target="_blank">Up From the Ashes Exhibit</a>, <a href="http://wghf.org/" target="_blank">Winter Garden Heritage Foundation</a>, Winter Garden, Florida. Is Part Of <a href="http://www.wghf.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/ASHES-FINAL-POSTER-page-001-JPG1.jpg" target="_blank">Up From the Ashes Exhibit</a>, <a href="http://wghf.org/" target="_blank">Winter Garden Heritage Foundation</a>, Winter Garden, Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/124" target="_blank">Up From the Ashes Collection</a>, Winter Garden Heritage Foundation Collection, Winter Garden Collection, RICHES of Central Florida., Winter Garden Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original black and white photograph. Date Created ca. 1922-1943 Format image/jpg Extent 368 KB Medium 1 black and white photograph Language eng Mediator History Teacher Economics Teacher Geography Teacher Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by the <a href="http://www.wghf.org/" target="_blank">Winter Garden Heritage Foundation</a> and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Bowers, Katherine Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository <a href="http://www.wghf.org/" target="_blank">Winter Garden Heritage Foundation</a> External Reference Cappleman, Kay, and Rod Reeves. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/651031169" target="_blank">Sundays in the South: Touring West Orange County</a>. Winter Garden, FL: Winter Garden Heritage Foundation, 2009. "<a href="http://www.cwgdn.com/" target="_blank">Welcome</a>." City of Winter Garden. http://www.cwgdn.com/. Winter Garden Heritage Foundation. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/39368776" target="_blank">All Aboard!: A Journey Through Historic Winter Garden, 1880-1950</a>. Winter Garden, FL: The Foundation, 1997. Transcript MANN & MILLS DRY GOODS. Subject Winter Garden (Fla.) Retail industry Coverage Lafayette Apartments, Winter Garden, Florida Mann and Mills Dry Goods, Winter Garden, Florida apartments Dillard, James Lafayette dry goods store dry goods stores Lafayette Apartments Main Street Mann and Mills Building Mann, Thomas Franklin retail shops Wills, Willie Winter Garden