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                  <text>Jazz Collection</text>
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                  <text>Jazz Collection</text>
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                  <text>Music--United States</text>
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                  <text>Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of jazz in Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around.&#13;
&#13;
The roots of jazz music began in the fields of the American South, as African-American slaves sang “call-and-response” work songs and “spirituals” to help them get through the brutal hours of forced labor. As Europeans immigrated to American cities in the late 19th century, they brought their musical traditions with them, and soon African-American musicians, such as Ernest Hogan and Scott Joplin, combined these styles with polyrhythmic African music, creating ragtime. New Orleans was an especially diverse cultural melting pot and became a place for musical experimentation by the early 1910s. European music merged with blues, folk, marching band music, and ragtime, creating a new genre called “jazz.”&#13;
&#13;
By the 1920s, the First Great Migration brought millions of African Americans to the urban Northeast and Midwest. Young, white Americans became enamored with jazz and blues music and the genre was soon being played on radio stations, at dancehalls, and in homes across the country. New York City, Kansas City, and Chicago began to establish their own styles of jazz. Big band swing became the most popular style of American music in the 1930s and 1940s.&#13;
&#13;
The most definitive feature of jazz is improvisation. The Great Depression forced many bands to cut down in size, leaving more space for intricate melodies and room for exploration. Bebop, which emerged in New York in the early 1940s, was aimed at a listening audience, rather than a dancing one, and became known as “musician’s music.” Bebop paved the way for Afro-Cuban and Latin jazz in the 1950s, when musicians, such as Dizzy Gillespie and Duke Ellington, incorporated Latin rhythms by playing with Cuban musicians in New York. The popularity of rock music in the 1960s and 1970s led to jazz-rock fusion, which combined improvisation with rock rhythms and amplified instruments. By the 1980s, smooth jazz emerged, creating a commercial form of the genre that drew criticism from many purists, who felt that the musicians were more concerned with making money than creating art with substance.&#13;
&#13;
Although Florida might not be as closely associated with jazz as cities like New Orleans, Chicago, and New York City, it has made significant contributions nonetheless. Afro-Cuban jazz developed simultaneously in New York City and Havana in the early 1940s, and Florida’s Cuban immigrants had a profound cultural impact on areas like Miami and Tampa. Since its foundation in 1979, the annual Jacksonville Jazz Festival has become one of the most popular jazz festivals in the country, featuring some of the top names in the genre, such as Dizzy Gillespie, Miles Davis, Count Basie, George Benson, and Herbie Hancock. The Clearwater Jazz Holiday began around the same time and has also evolved into a major international jazz festival. In addition to the legendary Sam Rivers, who moved to Orlando in the early 1990s and continued to perform until his death in 2011, Florida has been the home to a number of prominent jazz musicians, including Cedric Wallace, Ira Sullivan, George Tucker, Nathen Page, Alfred “Pee Wee” Ellis, Jackie Davis, Rich Matteson, Jeff Rupert, and the University of Central Florida’s Jazz Professors.&#13;
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                  <text>&lt;a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;WUCF-FM&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/140" target="_blank"&gt;Central Florida Music History Collection&lt;/a&gt;, RICHES of Central Florida.</text>
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                  <text>Arturo Sandoval Jazz Club, Deauville Beach Resort, Miami Beach, Florida</text>
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                  <text>Young Musicians Camp, University of Miami, Miami, Florida</text>
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                  <text>Cepero, Laura</text>
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                  <text>Cravero, Geoffrey</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES MI&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Alkyer, Frank. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/319491298" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt; DownBeat--the Great Jazz Interviews: A 75th Anniversary Anthology&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Hal Leonard, 2009.</text>
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                  <text>Gioia, Ted. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/36245922" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;The History of Jazz&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.</text>
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                  <text>Ward, Geoffrey C., and Ken Burns. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42404676" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Jazz: A History of America's Music&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2000.</text>
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                <text>"No More Blues" by Jeff Rupert + Dirty Martini</text>
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                <text>"No More Blues" by Jeff Rupert + Dirty Martini</text>
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                <text>An audio recording of "No More Blues," composed by Antônio Carlos Jobim (1927-1994), with lyrics by Vinícius de Moraes (1913-1980), and performed by Jeff Rupert + Dirty Martini live on-air on WUCF-FM on April 23, 2007. Jeff Rupert (b. 1964) is a freelance tenor saxophonist, Director of Jazz Studies and professor at the University of Central Florida (UCF), founder of Flying Horse Records, composer, and Yamaha performing artist. He has recorded with numerous artists, including Maynard Ferguson (1928-2006), Sam Rivers (1923-2011), Mel Tormé (1925-1999), and Benny Carter, whose 1992 album, Harlem Renaissance, Rupert appeared on, won a Grammy award. He has recorded and performed with his own bands as well, including Jeff Rupert + Dirty Martini and The Jazz Professors. "No More Blues," or "Chega de Saudade," is a jazz standard that is considered to be the first recorded bossa nova song. The song was first recorded in 1958 by Elizete Cardoso, but the second recorded version in 1959 by João Gilberto became an international hit.</text>
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                <text>Original 5-minute and 35-second audio recording of Jeff Rupert + Dirty Martini, &lt;a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;WUCF-FM&lt;/a&gt;, Orlando, Florida, April 23, 2007: WUCF-FM, University of Central Florida.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/141" target="_blank"&gt;Jazz Collection&lt;/a&gt;, Central Florida Music History Collection, RICHES of Central Florida</text>
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                <text> de Moraes, Vinícius</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;WUCF-FM&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Originally created by Antônio Carlos Jobim and Vinícius de Moraes, performed by Jeff Rupert + Dirty Martini, and published by &lt;a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;WUCF-FM&lt;/a&gt;.</text>
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                <text>Copyright to this resource is held by Antônio "Tom" Carlos Brasileiro de Almeida Jobim and Vinícius de Moraes and is provided here by &lt;a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES of Central Florida&lt;/a&gt; for educational purposes only.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES MI&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>"&lt;a href="http://musicians.allaboutjazz.com/jeffrupert" target="_blank"&gt;Jeff Rupert&lt;/a&gt;." All About Jazz. http://musicians.allaboutjazz.com/jeffrupert (accessed March 18, 2015).</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/4bb860562f0d1aa5f181988c71721a13.mp3" target="_blank"&gt;"No More Blues" by Jeff Rupert + Dirty Martini&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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&#13;
The roots of jazz music began in the fields of the American South, as African-American slaves sang “call-and-response” work songs and “spirituals” to help them get through the brutal hours of forced labor. As Europeans immigrated to American cities in the late 19th century, they brought their musical traditions with them, and soon African-American musicians, such as Ernest Hogan and Scott Joplin, combined these styles with polyrhythmic African music, creating ragtime. New Orleans was an especially diverse cultural melting pot and became a place for musical experimentation by the early 1910s. European music merged with blues, folk, marching band music, and ragtime, creating a new genre called “jazz.”&#13;
&#13;
By the 1920s, the First Great Migration brought millions of African Americans to the urban Northeast and Midwest. Young, white Americans became enamored with jazz and blues music and the genre was soon being played on radio stations, at dancehalls, and in homes across the country. New York City, Kansas City, and Chicago began to establish their own styles of jazz. Big band swing became the most popular style of American music in the 1930s and 1940s.&#13;
&#13;
The most definitive feature of jazz is improvisation. The Great Depression forced many bands to cut down in size, leaving more space for intricate melodies and room for exploration. Bebop, which emerged in New York in the early 1940s, was aimed at a listening audience, rather than a dancing one, and became known as “musician’s music.” Bebop paved the way for Afro-Cuban and Latin jazz in the 1950s, when musicians, such as Dizzy Gillespie and Duke Ellington, incorporated Latin rhythms by playing with Cuban musicians in New York. The popularity of rock music in the 1960s and 1970s led to jazz-rock fusion, which combined improvisation with rock rhythms and amplified instruments. By the 1980s, smooth jazz emerged, creating a commercial form of the genre that drew criticism from many purists, who felt that the musicians were more concerned with making money than creating art with substance.&#13;
&#13;
Although Florida might not be as closely associated with jazz as cities like New Orleans, Chicago, and New York City, it has made significant contributions nonetheless. Afro-Cuban jazz developed simultaneously in New York City and Havana in the early 1940s, and Florida’s Cuban immigrants had a profound cultural impact on areas like Miami and Tampa. Since its foundation in 1979, the annual Jacksonville Jazz Festival has become one of the most popular jazz festivals in the country, featuring some of the top names in the genre, such as Dizzy Gillespie, Miles Davis, Count Basie, George Benson, and Herbie Hancock. The Clearwater Jazz Holiday began around the same time and has also evolved into a major international jazz festival. In addition to the legendary Sam Rivers, who moved to Orlando in the early 1990s and continued to perform until his death in 2011, Florida has been the home to a number of prominent jazz musicians, including Cedric Wallace, Ira Sullivan, George Tucker, Nathen Page, Alfred “Pee Wee” Ellis, Jackie Davis, Rich Matteson, Jeff Rupert, and the University of Central Florida’s Jazz Professors.&#13;
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                <text>An audio recording of "Bad Moon," composed and performed by Jeff Rupert + Dirty Martini live on-air on WUCF-FM on April 23, 2007. Jeff Rupert (b. 1964) is a freelance tenor saxophonist, Director of Jazz Studies and professor at the University of Central Florida (UCF), founder of Flying Horse Records, composer, and Yamaha performing artist. He has recorded with numerous artists, including Maynard Ferguson (1928-2006), Sam Rivers (1923-2011), Mel Tormé (1925-1999), and Benny Carter, whose 1992 album, Harlem Renaissance, Rupert appeared on, won a Grammy award. He has recorded and performed with his own bands as well, including Jeff Rupert + Dirty Martini and The Jazz Professors. "Bad Moon" was written by Rupert and recorded on his 2009 album, &lt;em&gt;From Memphis to Mobile&lt;/em&gt;.</text>
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&#13;
The roots of jazz music began in the fields of the American South, as African-American slaves sang “call-and-response” work songs and “spirituals” to help them get through the brutal hours of forced labor. As Europeans immigrated to American cities in the late 19th century, they brought their musical traditions with them, and soon African-American musicians, such as Ernest Hogan and Scott Joplin, combined these styles with polyrhythmic African music, creating ragtime. New Orleans was an especially diverse cultural melting pot and became a place for musical experimentation by the early 1910s. European music merged with blues, folk, marching band music, and ragtime, creating a new genre called “jazz.”&#13;
&#13;
By the 1920s, the First Great Migration brought millions of African Americans to the urban Northeast and Midwest. Young, white Americans became enamored with jazz and blues music and the genre was soon being played on radio stations, at dancehalls, and in homes across the country. New York City, Kansas City, and Chicago began to establish their own styles of jazz. Big band swing became the most popular style of American music in the 1930s and 1940s.&#13;
&#13;
The most definitive feature of jazz is improvisation. The Great Depression forced many bands to cut down in size, leaving more space for intricate melodies and room for exploration. Bebop, which emerged in New York in the early 1940s, was aimed at a listening audience, rather than a dancing one, and became known as “musician’s music.” Bebop paved the way for Afro-Cuban and Latin jazz in the 1950s, when musicians, such as Dizzy Gillespie and Duke Ellington, incorporated Latin rhythms by playing with Cuban musicians in New York. The popularity of rock music in the 1960s and 1970s led to jazz-rock fusion, which combined improvisation with rock rhythms and amplified instruments. By the 1980s, smooth jazz emerged, creating a commercial form of the genre that drew criticism from many purists, who felt that the musicians were more concerned with making money than creating art with substance.&#13;
&#13;
Although Florida might not be as closely associated with jazz as cities like New Orleans, Chicago, and New York City, it has made significant contributions nonetheless. Afro-Cuban jazz developed simultaneously in New York City and Havana in the early 1940s, and Florida’s Cuban immigrants had a profound cultural impact on areas like Miami and Tampa. Since its foundation in 1979, the annual Jacksonville Jazz Festival has become one of the most popular jazz festivals in the country, featuring some of the top names in the genre, such as Dizzy Gillespie, Miles Davis, Count Basie, George Benson, and Herbie Hancock. The Clearwater Jazz Holiday began around the same time and has also evolved into a major international jazz festival. In addition to the legendary Sam Rivers, who moved to Orlando in the early 1990s and continued to perform until his death in 2011, Florida has been the home to a number of prominent jazz musicians, including Cedric Wallace, Ira Sullivan, George Tucker, Nathen Page, Alfred “Pee Wee” Ellis, Jackie Davis, Rich Matteson, Jeff Rupert, and the University of Central Florida’s Jazz Professors.&#13;
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                  <text>Ward, Geoffrey C., and Ken Burns. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42404676" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Jazz: A History of America's Music&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2000.</text>
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                <text>An audio recording of "You're Blasé," composed by Ord Hamilton and Bruce Sievier, and performed by Jeff Rupert + Dirty Martini live on-air on WUCF-FM on April 23, 2007. Jeff Rupert (b. 1964) is a freelance tenor saxophonist, Director of Jazz Studies and professor at the University of Central Florida (UCF), founder of Flying Horse Records, composer, and Yamaha performing artist. He has recorded with numerous artists, including Maynard Ferguson (1928-2006), Sam Rivers (1923-2011), Mel Tormé (1925-1999), and Benny Carter, whose 1992 album, Harlem Renaissance, Rupert appeared on, won a Grammy award. He has recorded and performed with his own bands as well, including Jeff Rupert + Dirty Martini and The Jazz Professors. "You're Blasé" is a 1931 jazz standard that was popularized by Ella Fitzgerald, who recorded the song in 1957 and agian in 1973.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/141" target="_blank"&gt;Jazz Collection&lt;/a&gt;, Central Florida Music History Collection, RICHES of Central Florida</text>
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                <text>Originally created by Ord Hamilton and Bruce Sievier, performed by Jeff Rupert + Dirty Martini, and published by &lt;a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;WUCF-FM&lt;/a&gt;.</text>
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                <text>Copyright to this resource is held by Ord Hamilton and Bruce Sievier and is provided here by &lt;a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES of Central Florida&lt;/a&gt; for educational purposes only.</text>
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                <text>"&lt;a href="http://musicians.allaboutjazz.com/jeffrupert" target="_blank"&gt;Jeff Rupert&lt;/a&gt;." All About Jazz. http://musicians.allaboutjazz.com/jeffrupert (accessed March 18, 2015).</text>
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                  <text>Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of jazz in Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around.&#13;
&#13;
The roots of jazz music began in the fields of the American South, as African-American slaves sang “call-and-response” work songs and “spirituals” to help them get through the brutal hours of forced labor. As Europeans immigrated to American cities in the late 19th century, they brought their musical traditions with them, and soon African-American musicians, such as Ernest Hogan and Scott Joplin, combined these styles with polyrhythmic African music, creating ragtime. New Orleans was an especially diverse cultural melting pot and became a place for musical experimentation by the early 1910s. European music merged with blues, folk, marching band music, and ragtime, creating a new genre called “jazz.”&#13;
&#13;
By the 1920s, the First Great Migration brought millions of African Americans to the urban Northeast and Midwest. Young, white Americans became enamored with jazz and blues music and the genre was soon being played on radio stations, at dancehalls, and in homes across the country. New York City, Kansas City, and Chicago began to establish their own styles of jazz. Big band swing became the most popular style of American music in the 1930s and 1940s.&#13;
&#13;
The most definitive feature of jazz is improvisation. The Great Depression forced many bands to cut down in size, leaving more space for intricate melodies and room for exploration. Bebop, which emerged in New York in the early 1940s, was aimed at a listening audience, rather than a dancing one, and became known as “musician’s music.” Bebop paved the way for Afro-Cuban and Latin jazz in the 1950s, when musicians, such as Dizzy Gillespie and Duke Ellington, incorporated Latin rhythms by playing with Cuban musicians in New York. The popularity of rock music in the 1960s and 1970s led to jazz-rock fusion, which combined improvisation with rock rhythms and amplified instruments. By the 1980s, smooth jazz emerged, creating a commercial form of the genre that drew criticism from many purists, who felt that the musicians were more concerned with making money than creating art with substance.&#13;
&#13;
Although Florida might not be as closely associated with jazz as cities like New Orleans, Chicago, and New York City, it has made significant contributions nonetheless. Afro-Cuban jazz developed simultaneously in New York City and Havana in the early 1940s, and Florida’s Cuban immigrants had a profound cultural impact on areas like Miami and Tampa. Since its foundation in 1979, the annual Jacksonville Jazz Festival has become one of the most popular jazz festivals in the country, featuring some of the top names in the genre, such as Dizzy Gillespie, Miles Davis, Count Basie, George Benson, and Herbie Hancock. The Clearwater Jazz Holiday began around the same time and has also evolved into a major international jazz festival. In addition to the legendary Sam Rivers, who moved to Orlando in the early 1990s and continued to perform until his death in 2011, Florida has been the home to a number of prominent jazz musicians, including Cedric Wallace, Ira Sullivan, George Tucker, Nathen Page, Alfred “Pee Wee” Ellis, Jackie Davis, Rich Matteson, Jeff Rupert, and the University of Central Florida’s Jazz Professors.&#13;
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                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/140" target="_blank"&gt;Central Florida Music History Collection&lt;/a&gt;, RICHES of Central Florida.</text>
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                  <text>Arturo Sandoval Jazz Club, Deauville Beach Resort, Miami Beach, Florida</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES MI&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Alkyer, Frank. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/319491298" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt; DownBeat--the Great Jazz Interviews: A 75th Anniversary Anthology&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Hal Leonard, 2009.</text>
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                  <text>Gioia, Ted. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/36245922" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;The History of Jazz&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.</text>
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                  <text>Ward, Geoffrey C., and Ken Burns. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42404676" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Jazz: A History of America's Music&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2000.</text>
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                <text>"When Lights Are Low" by Jeff Rupert + Dirty Martini</text>
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                <text>"When Lights Are Low" by Jeff Rupert + Dirty Martini</text>
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                <text>An audio recording of "When Lights Are Low," composed by Benny Carter (1907-2003) and Spencer Williams (1889-1965), and performed by Jeff Rupert + Dirty Martini live on-air on WUCF-FM on April 23, 2007. Jeff Rupert (b. 1964) is a freelance tenor saxophonist, Director of Jazz Studies and professor at the University of Central Florida (UCF), founder of Flying Horse Records, composer, and Yamaha performing artist. He has recorded with numerous artists, including Maynard Ferguson (1928-2006), Sam Rivers (1923-2011), Mel Tormé (1925-1999), and Benny Carter, whose 1992 album, &lt;em&gt;Harlem Renaissance&lt;/em&gt;, Rupert appeared on, won a Grammy award. He has recorded and performed with his own bands as well, including Jeff Rupert + Dirty Martini and The Jazz Professors. "When Lights Are Low" is a jazz standard that was composed in 1936 and has been recorded by numerous artists. The most famous versions were recorded by Miles Davis (1926-1991) in 1956 and Tony Bennett in 1964.</text>
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                <text>Original 5-minute and 21-second audio recording: Carter, Benny, and Spencer Williams. "When Lights Are Low," by Jeff Rupert + Dirty Martini: &lt;a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;WUCF-FM&lt;/a&gt;, Orlando, Florida, April 23, 2007.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/141" target="_blank"&gt;Jazz Collection&lt;/a&gt;, Central Florida Music History Collection, RICHES of Central Florida</text>
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                <text>"&lt;a href="http://musicians.allaboutjazz.com/jeffrupert" target="_blank"&gt;Jeff Rupert&lt;/a&gt;." All About Jazz. http://musicians.allaboutjazz.com/jeffrupert (accessed March 18, 2015).</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/582b62e48fb1577a52a9e344c5bd4828.mp3" target="_blank"&gt;"When Lights Are Low" by Jeff Rupert + Dirty Martini&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of jazz in Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around.&#13;
&#13;
The roots of jazz music began in the fields of the American South, as African-American slaves sang “call-and-response” work songs and “spirituals” to help them get through the brutal hours of forced labor. As Europeans immigrated to American cities in the late 19th century, they brought their musical traditions with them, and soon African-American musicians, such as Ernest Hogan and Scott Joplin, combined these styles with polyrhythmic African music, creating ragtime. New Orleans was an especially diverse cultural melting pot and became a place for musical experimentation by the early 1910s. European music merged with blues, folk, marching band music, and ragtime, creating a new genre called “jazz.”&#13;
&#13;
By the 1920s, the First Great Migration brought millions of African Americans to the urban Northeast and Midwest. Young, white Americans became enamored with jazz and blues music and the genre was soon being played on radio stations, at dancehalls, and in homes across the country. New York City, Kansas City, and Chicago began to establish their own styles of jazz. Big band swing became the most popular style of American music in the 1930s and 1940s.&#13;
&#13;
The most definitive feature of jazz is improvisation. The Great Depression forced many bands to cut down in size, leaving more space for intricate melodies and room for exploration. Bebop, which emerged in New York in the early 1940s, was aimed at a listening audience, rather than a dancing one, and became known as “musician’s music.” Bebop paved the way for Afro-Cuban and Latin jazz in the 1950s, when musicians, such as Dizzy Gillespie and Duke Ellington, incorporated Latin rhythms by playing with Cuban musicians in New York. The popularity of rock music in the 1960s and 1970s led to jazz-rock fusion, which combined improvisation with rock rhythms and amplified instruments. By the 1980s, smooth jazz emerged, creating a commercial form of the genre that drew criticism from many purists, who felt that the musicians were more concerned with making money than creating art with substance.&#13;
&#13;
Although Florida might not be as closely associated with jazz as cities like New Orleans, Chicago, and New York City, it has made significant contributions nonetheless. Afro-Cuban jazz developed simultaneously in New York City and Havana in the early 1940s, and Florida’s Cuban immigrants had a profound cultural impact on areas like Miami and Tampa. Since its foundation in 1979, the annual Jacksonville Jazz Festival has become one of the most popular jazz festivals in the country, featuring some of the top names in the genre, such as Dizzy Gillespie, Miles Davis, Count Basie, George Benson, and Herbie Hancock. The Clearwater Jazz Holiday began around the same time and has also evolved into a major international jazz festival. In addition to the legendary Sam Rivers, who moved to Orlando in the early 1990s and continued to perform until his death in 2011, Florida has been the home to a number of prominent jazz musicians, including Cedric Wallace, Ira Sullivan, George Tucker, Nathen Page, Alfred “Pee Wee” Ellis, Jackie Davis, Rich Matteson, Jeff Rupert, and the University of Central Florida’s Jazz Professors.&#13;
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                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/140" target="_blank"&gt;Central Florida Music History Collection&lt;/a&gt;, RICHES of Central Florida.</text>
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                  <text>Arturo Sandoval Jazz Club, Deauville Beach Resort, Miami Beach, Florida</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES MI&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Alkyer, Frank. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/319491298" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt; DownBeat--the Great Jazz Interviews: A 75th Anniversary Anthology&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Hal Leonard, 2009.</text>
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                  <text>Gioia, Ted. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/36245922" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;The History of Jazz&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.</text>
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                  <text>Ward, Geoffrey C., and Ken Burns. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42404676" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Jazz: A History of America's Music&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2000.</text>
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                <text>"Spring Can Really Hang You Up the Most" by Jeff Rupert + Dirty Martini</text>
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                <text>An audio recording of "Spring Can Really Hang You Up the Most," composed by Tommy Wolf (1925-1979), with lyrics by Fran Landesman (1927-2011), and performed by Jeff Rupert + Dirty Martini live on-air on WUCF-FM on April 23, 2007. Jeff Rupert (b. 1964) is a freelance tenor saxophonist, Director of Jazz Studies and professor at the University of Central Florida (UCF), founder of Flying Horse Records, composer, and Yamaha performing artist. He has recorded with numerous artists, including Maynard Ferguson (1928-2006), Sam Rivers (1923-2011), Mel Tormé (1925-1999), and Benny Carter, whose 1992 album, &lt;em&gt;Harlem Renaissance&lt;/em&gt;, Rupert appeared on, won a Grammy award. He has recorded and performed with his own bands as well, including Jeff Rupert + Dirty Martini and The Jazz Professors. "Spring Can Really Hang You Up the Most" is a popular song composed in 1955 and recorded by numerous artists. The most famous version is Ella Fitzgerald's 1961 recording.</text>
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                <text>Original 7-minute and 3-second audio recording: Wolf, Tommy, and Fran Landesman. "Spring Can Really Hang You Up the Most," by Jeff Rupert + Dirty Martini: &lt;a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;WUCF-FM&lt;/a&gt;, Orlando, Florida, April 23, 2007.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/141" target="_blank"&gt;Jazz Collection&lt;/a&gt;, Central Florida Music History Collection, RICHES of Central Florida</text>
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                <text>Copyright to this resource is held by Tommy Wolf and Fran Landesman and is provided here by &lt;a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES of Central Florida&lt;/a&gt; for educational purposes only.</text>
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The roots of jazz music began in the fields of the American South, as African-American slaves sang “call-and-response” work songs and “spirituals” to help them get through the brutal hours of forced labor. As Europeans immigrated to American cities in the late 19th century, they brought their musical traditions with them, and soon African-American musicians, such as Ernest Hogan and Scott Joplin, combined these styles with polyrhythmic African music, creating ragtime. New Orleans was an especially diverse cultural melting pot and became a place for musical experimentation by the early 1910s. European music merged with blues, folk, marching band music, and ragtime, creating a new genre called “jazz.”&#13;
&#13;
By the 1920s, the First Great Migration brought millions of African Americans to the urban Northeast and Midwest. Young, white Americans became enamored with jazz and blues music and the genre was soon being played on radio stations, at dancehalls, and in homes across the country. New York City, Kansas City, and Chicago began to establish their own styles of jazz. Big band swing became the most popular style of American music in the 1930s and 1940s.&#13;
&#13;
The most definitive feature of jazz is improvisation. The Great Depression forced many bands to cut down in size, leaving more space for intricate melodies and room for exploration. Bebop, which emerged in New York in the early 1940s, was aimed at a listening audience, rather than a dancing one, and became known as “musician’s music.” Bebop paved the way for Afro-Cuban and Latin jazz in the 1950s, when musicians, such as Dizzy Gillespie and Duke Ellington, incorporated Latin rhythms by playing with Cuban musicians in New York. The popularity of rock music in the 1960s and 1970s led to jazz-rock fusion, which combined improvisation with rock rhythms and amplified instruments. By the 1980s, smooth jazz emerged, creating a commercial form of the genre that drew criticism from many purists, who felt that the musicians were more concerned with making money than creating art with substance.&#13;
&#13;
Although Florida might not be as closely associated with jazz as cities like New Orleans, Chicago, and New York City, it has made significant contributions nonetheless. Afro-Cuban jazz developed simultaneously in New York City and Havana in the early 1940s, and Florida’s Cuban immigrants had a profound cultural impact on areas like Miami and Tampa. Since its foundation in 1979, the annual Jacksonville Jazz Festival has become one of the most popular jazz festivals in the country, featuring some of the top names in the genre, such as Dizzy Gillespie, Miles Davis, Count Basie, George Benson, and Herbie Hancock. The Clearwater Jazz Holiday began around the same time and has also evolved into a major international jazz festival. In addition to the legendary Sam Rivers, who moved to Orlando in the early 1990s and continued to perform until his death in 2011, Florida has been the home to a number of prominent jazz musicians, including Cedric Wallace, Ira Sullivan, George Tucker, Nathen Page, Alfred “Pee Wee” Ellis, Jackie Davis, Rich Matteson, Jeff Rupert, and the University of Central Florida’s Jazz Professors.&#13;
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                  <text>Alkyer, Frank. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/319491298" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt; DownBeat--the Great Jazz Interviews: A 75th Anniversary Anthology&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Hal Leonard, 2009.</text>
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                <text>An audio recording of "Samba de Orpheus," composed by Luiz Bonfá (1922-2001) and performed by Ira Sullivan (b. 1931) live on-air on WUCF-FM on December 8, 2006. A multi-instrumentalist, Sullivan was a crucial part of the Chicago jazz scene of the 1950s, performing with numerous artists, including a stint with Art Blakey (1919-1990) and the Jazz Messengers in 1956. He left the spotlight and moved to Florida to raise his family in the early 1960s, eventually starting a quintet with Red Rodney (1927-1994). Sullivan taught summers at the University of Miami's Young Musician's Camp, in which professional musicians and faculty from the UM School of Music instructed students between 7 and 18 years old in classical music, jazz, rock, songwriting, composition, and musical theater. One of the first bossa nova compositions to gain popularity outside Brazil, "Samba de Orpheus" has become a jazz standard. The song originally appeared in the 1959 film, &lt;em&gt;Orfeu Negro&lt;/em&gt; ("&lt;em&gt;Black Orpheus&lt;/em&gt;").</text>
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The roots of jazz music began in the fields of the American South, as African-American slaves sang “call-and-response” work songs and “spirituals” to help them get through the brutal hours of forced labor. As Europeans immigrated to American cities in the late 19th century, they brought their musical traditions with them, and soon African-American musicians, such as Ernest Hogan and Scott Joplin, combined these styles with polyrhythmic African music, creating ragtime. New Orleans was an especially diverse cultural melting pot and became a place for musical experimentation by the early 1910s. European music merged with blues, folk, marching band music, and ragtime, creating a new genre called “jazz.”&#13;
&#13;
By the 1920s, the First Great Migration brought millions of African Americans to the urban Northeast and Midwest. Young, white Americans became enamored with jazz and blues music and the genre was soon being played on radio stations, at dancehalls, and in homes across the country. New York City, Kansas City, and Chicago began to establish their own styles of jazz. Big band swing became the most popular style of American music in the 1930s and 1940s.&#13;
&#13;
The most definitive feature of jazz is improvisation. The Great Depression forced many bands to cut down in size, leaving more space for intricate melodies and room for exploration. Bebop, which emerged in New York in the early 1940s, was aimed at a listening audience, rather than a dancing one, and became known as “musician’s music.” Bebop paved the way for Afro-Cuban and Latin jazz in the 1950s, when musicians, such as Dizzy Gillespie and Duke Ellington, incorporated Latin rhythms by playing with Cuban musicians in New York. The popularity of rock music in the 1960s and 1970s led to jazz-rock fusion, which combined improvisation with rock rhythms and amplified instruments. By the 1980s, smooth jazz emerged, creating a commercial form of the genre that drew criticism from many purists, who felt that the musicians were more concerned with making money than creating art with substance.&#13;
&#13;
Although Florida might not be as closely associated with jazz as cities like New Orleans, Chicago, and New York City, it has made significant contributions nonetheless. Afro-Cuban jazz developed simultaneously in New York City and Havana in the early 1940s, and Florida’s Cuban immigrants had a profound cultural impact on areas like Miami and Tampa. Since its foundation in 1979, the annual Jacksonville Jazz Festival has become one of the most popular jazz festivals in the country, featuring some of the top names in the genre, such as Dizzy Gillespie, Miles Davis, Count Basie, George Benson, and Herbie Hancock. The Clearwater Jazz Holiday began around the same time and has also evolved into a major international jazz festival. In addition to the legendary Sam Rivers, who moved to Orlando in the early 1990s and continued to perform until his death in 2011, Florida has been the home to a number of prominent jazz musicians, including Cedric Wallace, Ira Sullivan, George Tucker, Nathen Page, Alfred “Pee Wee” Ellis, Jackie Davis, Rich Matteson, Jeff Rupert, and the University of Central Florida’s Jazz Professors.&#13;
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                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/140" target="_blank"&gt;Central Florida Music History Collection&lt;/a&gt;, RICHES of Central Florida.</text>
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                  <text>Alkyer, Frank. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/319491298" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt; DownBeat--the Great Jazz Interviews: A 75th Anniversary Anthology&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Hal Leonard, 2009.</text>
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                <text>An audio recording of "The Gentle Rain," composed by Luiz Bonfá (1922-2001) and performed by the John Whitney Trio live on-air on WUCF-FM on January 4, 2000. John Whitney served as director of both orchestral studies and the University of Central Florida Jazz Lab band during his 20 years with the university. Whitney also led the UCF Jazz Lab band in invited performances at Montreux Jazz Festival in Switzerland and North Sea Jazz Festival in Holland. He established himself as a conductor, performer, composer, arranger, and teacher in both classical and jazz arenas, founding and directing the Southern Tier Symphony in Allegany, New York, in 2003, until his death in 2014.</text>
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&#13;
The roots of jazz music began in the fields of the American South, as African-American slaves sang “call-and-response” work songs and “spirituals” to help them get through the brutal hours of forced labor. As Europeans immigrated to American cities in the late 19th century, they brought their musical traditions with them, and soon African-American musicians, such as Ernest Hogan and Scott Joplin, combined these styles with polyrhythmic African music, creating ragtime. New Orleans was an especially diverse cultural melting pot and became a place for musical experimentation by the early 1910s. European music merged with blues, folk, marching band music, and ragtime, creating a new genre called “jazz.”&#13;
&#13;
By the 1920s, the First Great Migration brought millions of African Americans to the urban Northeast and Midwest. Young, white Americans became enamored with jazz and blues music and the genre was soon being played on radio stations, at dancehalls, and in homes across the country. New York City, Kansas City, and Chicago began to establish their own styles of jazz. Big band swing became the most popular style of American music in the 1930s and 1940s.&#13;
&#13;
The most definitive feature of jazz is improvisation. The Great Depression forced many bands to cut down in size, leaving more space for intricate melodies and room for exploration. Bebop, which emerged in New York in the early 1940s, was aimed at a listening audience, rather than a dancing one, and became known as “musician’s music.” Bebop paved the way for Afro-Cuban and Latin jazz in the 1950s, when musicians, such as Dizzy Gillespie and Duke Ellington, incorporated Latin rhythms by playing with Cuban musicians in New York. The popularity of rock music in the 1960s and 1970s led to jazz-rock fusion, which combined improvisation with rock rhythms and amplified instruments. By the 1980s, smooth jazz emerged, creating a commercial form of the genre that drew criticism from many purists, who felt that the musicians were more concerned with making money than creating art with substance.&#13;
&#13;
Although Florida might not be as closely associated with jazz as cities like New Orleans, Chicago, and New York City, it has made significant contributions nonetheless. Afro-Cuban jazz developed simultaneously in New York City and Havana in the early 1940s, and Florida’s Cuban immigrants had a profound cultural impact on areas like Miami and Tampa. Since its foundation in 1979, the annual Jacksonville Jazz Festival has become one of the most popular jazz festivals in the country, featuring some of the top names in the genre, such as Dizzy Gillespie, Miles Davis, Count Basie, George Benson, and Herbie Hancock. The Clearwater Jazz Holiday began around the same time and has also evolved into a major international jazz festival. In addition to the legendary Sam Rivers, who moved to Orlando in the early 1990s and continued to perform until his death in 2011, Florida has been the home to a number of prominent jazz musicians, including Cedric Wallace, Ira Sullivan, George Tucker, Nathen Page, Alfred “Pee Wee” Ellis, Jackie Davis, Rich Matteson, Jeff Rupert, and the University of Central Florida’s Jazz Professors.&#13;
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                  <text>Alkyer, Frank. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/319491298" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt; DownBeat--the Great Jazz Interviews: A 75th Anniversary Anthology&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Hal Leonard, 2009.</text>
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                <text>An audio recording of "Manhã de Carnaval" ("Morning of the Carnival"), composed by Luiz Bonfá (1922-12001) and lyricist Antônio Maria (1921-1964), and performed by Larry Coryell (b. 1943) live on-air on WUCF-FM on June 8, 1999. Coryell is an American jazz fusion guitarist, composer, and one of the pioneers of jazz-rock, a fusion genre that combines elements of blues, rock, country, and bop. Considered by many to be one of the greatest guitarists of all time, Coryell has shared the stage with Miles Davis (1926-1991) and Jimi Hendrix (1942-1970). He has remained active since the 1960s, recording over 100 albums.One of the first bossa nova compositions to gain popularity outside Brazil, "Manhã de Carnaval" has become a jazz standard. The song appeared as the theme to the 1958 film, &lt;em&gt;Orfeu Negro&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Black Orpheus&lt;/em&gt;).</text>
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                <text>Original 4-minute and 26-second audio recording: Bonfá, Luiz, and Antônio Maria. "Manhã de Carnaval," by Larry Coryell: &lt;a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;WUCF-FM&lt;/a&gt;, Orlando, Florida, June 8, 1999.</text>
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                <text>Copyright to this resource is held by Luiz Floriano Bonfá and Antônio Maria and is provided here by &lt;a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES of Central Florida&lt;/a&gt; for educational purposes only.</text>
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                <text>Coryell, Larry. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/72150176" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Improvising: My Life in Music&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Backbeat, 2007.</text>
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&#13;
The roots of jazz music began in the fields of the American South, as African-American slaves sang “call-and-response” work songs and “spirituals” to help them get through the brutal hours of forced labor. As Europeans immigrated to American cities in the late 19th century, they brought their musical traditions with them, and soon African-American musicians, such as Ernest Hogan and Scott Joplin, combined these styles with polyrhythmic African music, creating ragtime. New Orleans was an especially diverse cultural melting pot and became a place for musical experimentation by the early 1910s. European music merged with blues, folk, marching band music, and ragtime, creating a new genre called “jazz.”&#13;
&#13;
By the 1920s, the First Great Migration brought millions of African Americans to the urban Northeast and Midwest. Young, white Americans became enamored with jazz and blues music and the genre was soon being played on radio stations, at dancehalls, and in homes across the country. New York City, Kansas City, and Chicago began to establish their own styles of jazz. Big band swing became the most popular style of American music in the 1930s and 1940s.&#13;
&#13;
The most definitive feature of jazz is improvisation. The Great Depression forced many bands to cut down in size, leaving more space for intricate melodies and room for exploration. Bebop, which emerged in New York in the early 1940s, was aimed at a listening audience, rather than a dancing one, and became known as “musician’s music.” Bebop paved the way for Afro-Cuban and Latin jazz in the 1950s, when musicians, such as Dizzy Gillespie and Duke Ellington, incorporated Latin rhythms by playing with Cuban musicians in New York. The popularity of rock music in the 1960s and 1970s led to jazz-rock fusion, which combined improvisation with rock rhythms and amplified instruments. By the 1980s, smooth jazz emerged, creating a commercial form of the genre that drew criticism from many purists, who felt that the musicians were more concerned with making money than creating art with substance.&#13;
&#13;
Although Florida might not be as closely associated with jazz as cities like New Orleans, Chicago, and New York City, it has made significant contributions nonetheless. Afro-Cuban jazz developed simultaneously in New York City and Havana in the early 1940s, and Florida’s Cuban immigrants had a profound cultural impact on areas like Miami and Tampa. Since its foundation in 1979, the annual Jacksonville Jazz Festival has become one of the most popular jazz festivals in the country, featuring some of the top names in the genre, such as Dizzy Gillespie, Miles Davis, Count Basie, George Benson, and Herbie Hancock. The Clearwater Jazz Holiday began around the same time and has also evolved into a major international jazz festival. In addition to the legendary Sam Rivers, who moved to Orlando in the early 1990s and continued to perform until his death in 2011, Florida has been the home to a number of prominent jazz musicians, including Cedric Wallace, Ira Sullivan, George Tucker, Nathen Page, Alfred “Pee Wee” Ellis, Jackie Davis, Rich Matteson, Jeff Rupert, and the University of Central Florida’s Jazz Professors.&#13;
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                  <text>Gioia, Ted. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/36245922" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;The History of Jazz&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="524876">
                  <text>Ward, Geoffrey C., and Ken Burns. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42404676" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Jazz: A History of America's Music&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2000.</text>
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                <text>"Recado Bossa Nova" by Terry Myers</text>
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            <name>Alternative Title</name>
            <description/>
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              <elementText elementTextId="526386">
                <text>"Recado Bossa Nova" by Myers</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description/>
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                <text>Orlando (Fla.)</text>
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                <text> Music--United States</text>
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                <text> Jazz--United States</text>
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                <text>An audio recording of "Recado Bossa Nova," composed by Luiz Antonio and Djalma Ferreira, and performed by Terry Myers live on-air on WUCF-FM on August 14, 2006. Myers is a reed player from Iowa who developed a successful career in Nashville, Tennessee, and New York before moving to Central Florida, where he became a band leader at Walt Disney World's Epcot theme park and the band leader at Rosie O'Grady's Good Time Jazz Emporium at Church Street Station in Orlando. Myers has played at jazz festivals across the United States, Europe, and Asia, and is currently the director of the Tommy Dorsey Orchestra. "Recado Bossa Nova" was written by Brazilian composers/musicians Antonio and Ferreira and first recorded by Hank Mobley (1930-1986) on his 1965 album, &lt;em&gt;Dippin'&lt;/em&gt;.</text>
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                <text>Original 6-minute and 13-second audio recording: Antonio, Luiz and Djalma Ferreira. "Recado Bossa Nova," by Terry Myers: &lt;a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;WUCF-FM&lt;/a&gt;, Orlando, Florida, August 14, 2006.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/141" target="_blank"&gt;Jazz Collection&lt;/a&gt;, Central Florida Music History Collection, RICHES of Central Florida</text>
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                <text>WUCF-FM, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida</text>
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                <text> Rio de Janeiro, Greater Rio de Janeiro, Brazil</text>
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                <text>Antonio, Luiz</text>
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                <text> Ferreira, Djalma</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;WUCF-FM&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Myers, Terry</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="526404">
                <text>2006-08-14</text>
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                <text>2006-08-14</text>
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            <description/>
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                <text>2006-08-14</text>
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                <text>6-minute and 13-second audio recording</text>
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                <text>History Teacher</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="526411">
                <text> Humanities Teacher</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="526412">
                <text> Music Teacher</text>
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            <name>Provenance</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="526414">
                <text>Originally created by Luiz Antonio and Djalma Ferreira, performed by Terry Myers, and published by &lt;a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;WUCF-FM&lt;/a&gt;.</text>
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            <name>Rights Holder</name>
            <description/>
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                <text>Copyright to this resource is held by Luiz Antonio and Djalma Ferreira and is provided here by &lt;a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES of Central Florida&lt;/a&gt; for educational purposes only.</text>
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          <element elementId="133">
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                <text>Cravero, Geoffrey</text>
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            <description/>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES MI&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;WUCF-FM&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="526420">
                <text>"&lt;a href="http://www.buddymorrowproductions.com/terry-meyers.html" target="_blank"&gt;Meet Terry Myers&lt;/a&gt;." BuddyMorrowProductions.com. http://www.buddymorrowproductions.com/terry-meyers.html (accessed March 10, 2015).</text>
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        <name>bossa nova</name>
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        <name>Reuben Bloom</name>
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        <name>Rosie O'Grady's Good Time Jazz Emporium</name>
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