What To Do and See in the Cape Canaveral Area (Cocoa Beach, Florida: Brownell Associates, 1963): Private Collection of Thomas Cook.]]> U.S. Air Force]]> What To Do and See in the Cape Canaveral Area (Cocoa Beach, Florida: Brownell Associates, 1963).]]> Thomas Cook Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.

]]> Adobe Acrobat Reader]]> RICHES of Central Florida for educational purposes only.]]>
Episode 6 examines the history of the U.S. Space Program in Florida and how the program affected Cocoa Beach. This podcast includes an interview with Lori C. Walters, a professor of history at the University of Central Florida. In the late 1950s, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) began constructing launch pads and towers on Florida's east coast as the "Missile Firing Laboratory." On July 1, 1962, NASA activated the Launch Operations Center, which was renamed the John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in 1963. KSC has been the United States' launch site for every human space flight since 1968. In 2011, the Space Shuttle program ended, which resulted in the KSC workforce downsizing significantly.]]> RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Orlando, Florida.]]> RICHES of Central Florida]]> RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Orlando, Florida.]]> RICHES Podcast Documentaries Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.]]> QuickTime.]]> RICHES of Central Florida.]]> RICHES of Central Florida]]>
Episode 9 features an interview with author Seth Bramson and focuses on passenger rail transportation in Volusia County, but also delves into the effects of rail service changes on the region. In addition, this podcast covers attempts to return passenger traffic to Eastern Volusia on the Florida East Coast Railway (FEC). The FEC, a project of Henry Morrison Flagler, was built primarily in the late 19th and early 20th century. From 1963 to 1977, the company and some of its employees were engaged in one of the longest and most violent labor union battles of the 20th century, which had to be resolved with Federal intervention.]]> Speedway to Sunshine: The Story of the Florida East Coast Railway. The discussion focuses on passenger rail transportation in Volusia County, but also delves into the effects of rail service changes on the region. In addition, it covers attempts to return passenger traffic to Eastern Volusia on the F.E.C.]]> RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Orlando, Florida.]]> RICHES of Central Florida]]> RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Orlando, Florida.]]> RICHES Podcast Documentaries Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.]]> QuickTime.]]> RICHES of Central Florida.]]> RICHES of Central Florida]]>
Episode 11 focuses on Dr. Jim Clark's contribution to revitalizing the Moores legacy during the 1980s and early 1990s. During his time at The Orlando Sentinel, Dr. Clark began publishing articles on the Moores and their untimely deaths. Those publications resulted in a resurgence of interest in the Moores and local initiatives to preserve their legacy. Harry Tyson Moore was a pioneer of the Civil Rights Movement in Florida and founder of the first Brevard County branch of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). He and his wife, Harriette Vyda Simms Moore, were assassinated with a Ku Klux Klan bomb on December 25, 1951. The Moores are the first NAACP members to be murdered for their activism and Harry T. Moore is sometimes called the first martyr of the 1950s-era civil rights movement.]]> RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Orlando, Florida.]]> RICHES of Central Florida]]> RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Orlando, Florida.]]> RICHES Podcast Documentaries Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.]]> QuickTime.]]> RICHES of Central Florida.]]> RICHES of Central Florida]]>
Episode 27 explores Central Florida's rich history before Walt Disney World opened and includes an interview with Dr. Benjamin Brotemarkle, author of Beyond the Theme Parks: Exploring Central Florida. Dr. Brotemarkle discusses Eatonville's Zora Neale Hurston Festival of the Arts and Humanities, the Barberville Pioneer Festival, and the Winter Park Bach Festival.]]> eyond the Theme Parks: Exploring Central Florida. By gaining Dr. Brotemarkle’s insight, we can better understand the conditions that existed within Central Florida before Disney’s arrival, and therefore more fully comprehend our region’s complex and intriguing past.]]> RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Orlando, Florida.]]> RICHES of Central Florida]]> RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Orlando, Florida.]]> RICHES Podcast Documentaries Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.]]> QuickTime.]]> RICHES of Central Florida.]]> RICHES of Central Florida]]>
Episode 35 focuses on the background of Harry Tyson Moore and his wife Harriette Vyda Simms Moore, how Moore became a major civil rights leader, the movement for equality that he led in Central Florida, and the historical framework for the racism and social tensions that plagued Florida during the 1940s and 1950s. Harry Tyson Moore was a pioneer of the Civil Rights Movement in Florida and founder of the first Brevard County branch of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). He and his wife were assassinated by a Ku Klux Klan bomb on December 25, 1951. The Moores are the first NAACP members to be murdered for their activism and Harry T. Moore is sometimes called the first martyr of the 1950s-era civil rights movement.]]> RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Orlando, Florida.]]> RICHES of Central Florida]]> RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 36: Harry T. Moore, Part 2." RICHES of Central Florida. https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2489.]]> RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Orlando, Florida.]]> RICHES Podcast Documentaries Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.]]> QuickTime.]]> RICHES of Central Florida.]]> RICHES of Central Florida]]>
Episode 36 focuses on the preservation efforts of the late 1990s and early 2000s, as well as the establishment of the Harry T. and Harriette V. Moore Cultural Complex. Harry Tyson Moore was a pioneer of the Civil Rights Movement in Florida and founder of the first Brevard County branch of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). He and his wife, Harriette Vyda Simms Moore, were assassinated by a Ku Klux Klan bomb on December 25, 1951. The Moores are the first NAACP members to be murdered for their activism and Harry T. Moore is sometimes called the first martyr of the 1950s-era civil rights movement.]]> RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Orlando, Florida.]]> RICHES of Central Florida]]> RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 35: Harry T. Moore, Part 1." RICHES of Central Florida. https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2488.]]> RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Orlando, Florida.]]> RICHES Podcast Documentaries Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.]]> QuickTime.]]> RICHES of Central Florida.]]> RICHES of Central Florida]]>
Episode 37 features an interview with Nick Wynne, director-emeritus of the Florida Historical Society, about how and why the society moved from the University of South Florida in Tampa, Florida, to a former New Deal Federal Post Office building in Cocoa. Wynne discusses the impact that the move has had on the society's operations, as well as for the city of Cocoa itself.]]> RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Orlando, Florida.]]> RICHES of Central Florida]]> RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Orlando, Florida.]]> RICHES Podcast Documentaries Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.]]> RICHES of Central Florida.]]> RICHES of Central Florida]]>
Episode 38 focuses on the Wells' Built Hotel, which was constructed at 511 West South Street in Orlando, Florida in 1921. The hotel was constructed by one of Orlando's first African-American physicians, Dr. William Monroe Wells, to accommodate African-Americans who could not otherwise find welcome lodging due to segregation. Dr. Wells also built the South Street Casino, which was host to a various African-American performers traveling along the Chitlin' Circuit. In 1997, the building was acquired by the Association to Preserve African American Society, History and Tradition, Inc., which sought to restore and preserve the structure. Although the casino no longer remains, the original Wells' Built Hotel was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places on February 4, 2000. In June 2009, the hotel reopened as the Wells' Built Museum of African American History and Culture.]]> ]]> RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Orlando, Florida.]]> RICHES of Central Florida]]> RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Orlando, Florida.]]> RICHES Podcast Documentaries Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.]]> RICHES of Central Florida.]]> RICHES of Central Florida]]>
The Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) was a joint-stock venture that invested in Florida land development and sales in the 1880s and early 1890s. The company was formed by Henry Shelton Sanford (1823-1891) with help from a group of British investors. The original impetus for the company's formation was Sanford's inability to continue his land acquisition and development efforts in Florida independently. In 1879, faced with financial difficulties, Sanford turned to a trusted associate in the United Kingdom, a Scottish industrialist named Sir William Mackinnon (1823-1893), to help him attract investors. The formation of the company was in large part due to the efforts of MacKinnon, whose reputation and influence helped bring investors on board.

Located at 13 Austin Friars, the company was officially registered in London on June 10, 1880. With the formation of the FLCC, all of Henry Sanford's Florida properties were transferred to the company in exchange for a £10,000 cash payment and another £50,000 in company stock. The one-time cash payment was a needed reprieve for Sanford, who faced financial difficulties by the end of the 1870s. The board of directors included Mackinnon, as well as W. C. Gray and Edwyn Sandys Dawes, partners in Gray-Dawes and Company, a London-based banking and investment house. Other directors included Alexander Fraser, Anthony Norris, George A. Thomson, and Eli Lee. Sanford was named President and Chairman of the Board. In 1880, the company owned 26,000 acres scattered across Florida, including in the cities of Jacksonville, St. Augustine, and Sanford, as well as in Alachua County and Marion County.

Almost from the outset, there was serious friction between the British board members and Henry Sanford. Disagreements erupted over business strategy, as Sanford frequently proposed initiatives deemed too bold for the cautious British investors. From 1882 to 1892, the company saw steady, if meager, profits. Most of its income came from the sale of lots in the city of Sanford. From 1885 until 1890, the company, while remaining solvent, continued to see declining profits. From 1886 to 1890, the profits were so modest that the company declined to pay dividends on its yearly profits. Needed improvements and developments in the city of Sanford during the late 1880s sapped much of the company's income. Following Henry Sanford's death in 1891, many of the investors lost the motivation to continue. On September 15, 1892, the various directors acted to dissolve the company. Its assets, including roughly 65,000 acres of Florida land, were divided among shareholders.]]> Sanford Museum, Sanford, Florida.]]> Sanford Museum, Sanford, Florida..]]> Florida Land Colonization Company Collection, Henry Shelton Sanford Papers Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.]]> Adobe Acrobat Reader]]> Connecticut Historical Society after 1901.]]> Tennessee State Library and Archives for processing until June 1, 1960.]]> Sanford Museum in 1960.]]> Sanford Museum in Sanford, Florida. Rights to this item belong to the said institution, and therefore inquiries about the item should be directed there. RICHES of Central Florida has obtained permission from the Sanford Museum to display this item for educational purposes only.]]>
The Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) was a joint-stock venture that invested in Florida land development and sales in the 1880s and early 1890s. The company was formed by Henry Shelton Sanford (1823-1891) with help from a group of British investors. The original impetus for the company's formation was Sanford's inability to continue his land acquisition and development efforts in Florida independently. In 1879, faced with financial difficulties, Sanford turned to a trusted associate in the United Kingdom, a Scottish industrialist named Sir William Mackinnon (1823-1893), to help him attract investors. The formation of the company was in large part due to the efforts of MacKinnon, whose reputation and influence helped bring investors on board.

Located at 13 Austin Friars, the company was officially registered in London on June 10, 1880. With the formation of the FLCC, all of Henry Sanford's Florida properties were transferred to the company in exchange for a £10,000 cash payment and another £50,000 in company stock. The one-time cash payment was a needed reprieve for Sanford, who faced financial difficulties by the end of the 1870s. The board of directors included Mackinnon, as well as W. C. Gray and Edwyn Sandys Dawes, partners in Gray-Dawes and Company, a London-based banking and investment house. Other directors included Alexander Fraser, Anthony Norris, George A. Thomson, and Eli Lee. Sanford was named President and Chairman of the Board. In 1880, the company owned 26,000 acres scattered across Florida, including in the cities of Jacksonville, St. Augustine, and Sanford, as well as in Alachua County and Marion County.

Almost from the outset, there was serious friction between the British board members and Henry Sanford. Disagreements erupted over business strategy, as Sanford frequently proposed initiatives deemed too bold for the cautious British investors. From 1882 to 1892, the company saw steady, if meager, profits. Most of its income came from the sale of lots in the city of Sanford. From 1885 until 1890, the company, while remaining solvent, continued to see declining profits. From 1886 to 1890, the profits were so modest that the company declined to pay dividends on its yearly profits. Needed improvements and developments in the city of Sanford during the late 1880s sapped much of the company's income. Following Henry Sanford's death in 1891, many of the investors lost the motivation to continue. On September 15, 1892, the various directors acted to dissolve the company. Its assets, including roughly 65,000 acres of Florida land, were divided among shareholders.]]> Sanford Museum, Sanford, Florida.]]> Sanford Museum, Sanford, Florida.]]> Florida Land Colonization Company Collection, Henry Shelton Sanford Papers Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.]]> Adobe Acrobat Reader]]> Connecticut Historical Society after 1901.]]> Tennessee State Library and Archives for processing until June 1, 1960.]]> Sanford Museum in 1960.]]> Sanford Museum in Sanford, Florida. Rights to this item belong to the said institution, and therefore inquiries about the item should be directed there. RICHES of Central Florida has obtained permission from the Sanford Museum to display this item for educational purposes only.]]>
Episode 1 features the Windover Burial Site in Brevard County, Florida. This podcast also includes interviews with Rachel K. Wentz of the Florida Public Archaeology Network, Dr. Jerald T. Milanich of the University of Florida, and Dr. Glen Doran of Florida State University. The Windover Archaeological Site was discovered in 1982 and funding to excavate the pond was awarded in 1984. Windover Pond, along with other sites excavated since 1970, contributed to the major reassessment of Florida's Archaic Period.]]> RICHES]]> Florida Memory Project]]> Florida Department of State Division of Historical Resources]]> Orange County Regional History Center]]> RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Orlando, Florida.]]> A History of Central Florida Collection, RICHES Podcast Documentaries Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.]]> A History of Central Florida, Episode 4: Celts." RICHES of Central Florida. https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/3438.]]> Adobe Flash Player]]> Java]]> RICHES.]]> RICHES]]>
Re. Lou Frey served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1969 to 1979. He was on several committees during his time in office, including the Select Committee on Narcotics Abuse and Control and the Science and Technology Committee. He was also the chairman of the Young Republicans of Florida. During his tenure, Central Florida had a very large veteran population but insufficient VA medical facilities. For example, the closest VA hospital to Brevard County was in St. Petersburg. To more sufficiently care for the needs of veterans in his district, Rep. Frey introduced multiple bills to Congress that would establish a VA hospital in Brevard County, although none of his bills were passed.]]> ]]> Lou Frey Institute of Politics & Government, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.]]> ]]> Lou Frey Institute of Politics & Government, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.]]> Lou Frey Institute of Politics & Government Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.]]> ]]> ]]> ]]> ]]> ]]> ]]> ]]> Lou Frey Institute of Politics & Government and is provided here by RICHES of Central Florida for educational purposes only.]]> Lou Frey Institute of Politics & Government, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.]]> ]]> ]]> Lou Frey Institute of Politics & Government, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.]]> Lou Frey Institute of Politics & Government Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.]]> ]]> ]]> ]]> ]]> ]]> U.S. House of Representatives.]]>

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]]> ]]> ]]> ]]> United States House of Representatives.]]>

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The first article discusses federal spending at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida. Rep. Frey states that workers at KSC and the Eastern Test Range were profiting from the upgrade of their wage schedules. According to the article, the Economic Adjustment Council, at Rep. Frey's urging, conducted an in-depth study of Brevard County and the adverse effects of federal spending cuts to the national space program.

The second article continues by discussing the Brevard Growth Council, which was spawned as a result of the Economic Adjustment Council's study. The growth council focused on "attracting new industry and [o]n moving Brevard from a space-oriented economy to a self-sustaining and diversified economy." The council's actions included a study of the tourist industry in Brevard, a continuing feasibility study of Port Canaveral, and the restoration of the name "Canaveral" to the Cape.

The establishment of a Veterans' Administration (VA) outpatient clinic in Orlando is the subject of the third article. Although Central Florida was the home of a large number of veterans, the region did not have a VA hospital and its other medical facilities were also largely outdated. Attempts to obtain approval to build a VA hospital in Central Florida were initially unsuccessful. Politicians like Rep. Frey attempted to pass legislation in order to establish such a hospital. An outpatient clinic was built in Orlando in the early 1970s as the issue of VA medical facilities became more prevalent due to these legislative efforts. The clinic both provided more sufficient medical care for the area's veterans and created new jobs for residents.

The final article, which begins on this page and is continued on another page, is about Rep. Frey's efforts to establish a White House Conference on the Handicapped.]]> Florida From the House...To Your Home, December 1975: Lou Frey Papers, box 11, Lou Frey Institute of Politics & Government, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.]]> ]]> ]]> ]]> Florida From the House...To Your Home, December 1975.]]> Lou Frey Institute of Politics & Government, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.]]> Lou Frey Institute of Politics & Government Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.]]> ]]> ]]> ]]> ]]> Lou Frey Institute of Politics & Government and is provided here by RICHES of Central Florida for educational purposes only.]]>
This award was given for Congressman Frey's legislative efforts in the House of Representatives to advocate for veterans' issues. Some of these issues included World War I veterans' compensation, veterans' education benefits, and pensions. Additionally, Rep. Frey focused his efforts on advancing Central Florida's medical facilities for veterans by introducing several bills into Congress during the 1970s that would have called for the creation of a Veterans' Administration hospital in Brevard County.]]> Lou Frey Institute of Politics & Government, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.]]> Disabled American Veterans]]> ]]> ]]> ]]> Lou Frey Institute of Politics & Government, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.]]> Lou Frey Institute of Politics & Government Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.]]> ]]> ]]> ]]> ]]> Disabled American Veterans.]]> Disabled American Veterans and is provided here by RICHES of Central Florida for educational purposes only.]]> Florida TODAY endorsing Representative Lou Frey, Jr. (1934-2019) for reelection to the U.S. House of Representatives. Rep. Frey served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1969 to 1979. He was on several committees during his time in office, including the Select Committee on Narcotics Abuse and Control and the Science and Technology Committee. He was also the chairman of the Young Republicans of Florida.

The article notably acknowledges that Rep. Frey's difficulty in getting some of his introduced bills passed was more due to the workings of the Congress than the congressman himself. This explanation sheds light on the reasons for the lack of passage of some congressional bills, including several bills introduced by Rep. Frey that would establish a Veterans Administration (VA) hospital in Brevard County.]]> Florida TODAY, October 1974: Lou Frey Papers, Digital Shared Files, Lou Frey Institute of Politics & Government, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.]]> Florida TODAY]]> ]]> ]]> ]]> Florida TODAY, October 1974.]]> Lou Frey Institute of Politics & Government, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.]]> Lou Frey Institute of Politics & Government Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.]]> ]]> ]]> ]]> ]]> Florida TODAY.]]> Florida TODAY and is provided here by RICHES of Central Florida for educational purposes only.]]>
The Census Act of 1850 authorized the U.S. Census of 1860 and stipulated that its provisions be adhered to for all future decennial censuses should no new legislation be passed by the first of the year of said census. In May of 1865, the U.S. Census Office was abolished and many superintending clerks were transferred to the General Land Office.]]> U.S. Census Office]]> General Land Office]]> U.S. Census Office and the General Land Office, 1860.]]> U.S. Department of the Interior]]> U.S. Census Office and the General Land Office, 1860.]]> U.S. Census Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.]]> U.S. Census Office and the General Land Office, and published by the U.S. Department of the Interior.]]>

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Although the 1870 Census was conducted under the provisions of the Census Act of 1850, a new act was passed on May 6, 1870. The new census legislation required two changes in procedures related to questionnaire return submission dates. Moreover, penalties for refusing to reply to inquires were expanded to apply to all questions and questionnaires. The questionnaires themselves had to be redesigned due to the end of the "slave questionnaire," as slavery had been formally abolished slavery nationwide via the Thirteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. This left five schedules for the census: General Population, Mortality, Agriculture, Products of Industry, and Social Statistics. In addition, Charles W. Seaton, a U.S. Census Office chief clerk and later superintendent, invented a rudimentary tallying machine that partially alleviated the difficulties of tallying and tabulating questionnaire responses. Finally, the new superintendent for the Ninth Census, General Francis A. Walker (1840-1897), introduced employment examinations to test the qualifications of applicants to the Census Office, allowing for increased efficiency in the process of collecting census data.]]> U.S. Census Office]]> U.S. Census Office, 1870.]]> U.S. Department of the Interior]]> U.S. Census Office, 1870.]]> U.S. Census Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.]]> U.S. Census Office and published by the U.S. Department of the Interior.]]>

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The newest act authorizing the Census of 1880 provided for supervision of enumeration by "supervisors of the census," selected exclusively for the collection of census data. All supervisors, as well as the superintendent, were to appointed by the President and approved by the Senate. Census enumerators were required to personally visit each household and family within his subdivision. The new census act also allowed for the collection of data related to the condition and operation of railroad corporations, incorporated express companies, and telegraph companies, as well as data related to the condition and operation of life, fire, and marine insurance companies. Corporations who refused to provide the census with "true and complete" answers were subject to fines. In addition, the census superintendent was required to collect and publish data on the population, industries and resources of the District of Alaska. Finally, the 1880 Census consisted of five schedules: Population, Mortality, Agriculture, Social Statistics, and Manufacturing.]]> U.S. Census Office]]> U.S. Census Office, 1880.]]> U.S. Department of the Interior]]> U.S. Census Office, 1880.]]> U.S. Census Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.]]> U.S. Census Office and published by the U.S. Department of the Interior.]]>

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Congress limited the Census of 1900 to content related to population, mortality, agriculture, and manufacturing. Special census agents were authorized to collect statistics related to incidents of deafness, blindness, insanity, and juvenile delinquency; as well as data on religious bodies, utilities, mining, and transportation. The act authorizing the 1900 Census designated the enumeration of military personally to the U.S. Department of War and the U.S. Department of the Navy, while Indiana Territory was to be enumerated by the Commissioner of Indian Affairs. Annexed in 1898, Hawaii was included in the census for the first time. In 1902, the U.S. Census Office was officially established as a permanent organization within the U.S. Department of the Interior. The office became the U.S. Census Bureau in 1903 and was transferred to the Department of Commerce and Labor.]]> U.S. Census Office]]> U.S. Census Bureau]]> U.S. Census Office and the U.S. Census Bureau, 1900.]]> U.S. Department of the Interior]]> U.S. Department of Commerce and Labor]]> U.S. Census Office and the U.S. Census Bureau, 1900.]]> U.S. Census Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.]]> U.S. Census Office and the U.S. Census Bureau, and published by the U.S. Department of the Interior and the U.S. Department of Commerce and Labor.]]>

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The Census of 1910 was approved by legislation introduced in December of 1907 and enacted in July of 1909. The delay was the result of a disagreement over the appointment of enumerators. President Theodore Roosevelt (1858-1919) supported the hiring of enumerators via the civil service system, while Congress supported enumerators as positions of patronage. President Roosevelt successfully won the debate. This census act also changed Census Day from the traditional date of June 1st to April 15th. Additional questions regarding the nationality and native language of foreign-born persons and their parents. Funds for the U.S. Census Bureau were also increased to expand the Census' permanent workforce and created several new full-time positions, including a geographer, a chief statistician, and an assistant director. The assistant director was to be appointed by the President and approved by the Senate, while all other census employees were hired on the basis of open, competitive examinations administered by the Civil Service Commission. Despite the use of automatic counting machinery, issues with the tabulation process persisted. Finally, with the United States' entrance into World War I in 1917, the U.S. Census Bureau became a source of even more valuable purpose: the Census was able to use population and economic data to report on the populations of draft-age men, as well as information regarding each state's industrial capabilities.]]> U.S. Census Bureau]]> U.S. Census Bureau, 1910.]]> U.S. Department of Commerce]]> U.S. Census Bureau, 1910.]]> U.S. Census Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.]]> U.S. Census Bureau and published by the U.S. Department of Commerce.]]>

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The Census of 1920 changed the date of Census Day from April 15th to January 1st, as requested by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, which argued that farmers' memories and harvest information would be more accurate on this day. The U.S. Census Bureau was also authorized to hire additional employees at its headquarters in Washington, D.C., and to create a special field force to collect census data. The legislation authorizing the 1920 Census also allowed for a census of manufacturing to be conducted in 1921, and for such a census to be repeated every two years thereafter, as opposed to the traditional five-year census cycle. Furthermore, a census of agriculture and livestock was to be conducted in 1925 and to be repeated every 10 years thereafter. In addition, penalties for those who refused to supply information or those who supplied false information were strengthened. As a result of these changes, the censuses of population, manufacturing, and agriculture and livestock became increasingly independent of one another.

The "usual place of abode," the location where residents regularly slept, instead of where they worked or were visiting, became the new basis for enumeration in the 1920 Census. Those with no permanent or regular residence were listed as residents of the location that they were enumerated at. Enumeration related to institutional inmates, and dependent, defective, and delinquent classes were also modified. Unlike the previous census, the 1920 Census did not have inquiries related to unemployment, to Union or Confederate Army or Navy service, to the number of children born, or to the length of time that a couple had been married. The Census of 1920, however, did include four additional questions: one regarding year of naturalization and three regarding native languages. Issues also arose as a result of changes in international boundaries following World War I, particularly for persons declaring birth or parental birth in Austria-Hungary, Germany, Russia, or Turkey. In response, enumerators were required to ask said persons for their province, state, or region of birth. Enumerators were not required to ask individuals how to spell their names, nor were respondents required to provide proof of various pieces of information. Race was determined by the enumerator's impressions.]]> U.S. Census Bureau]]> U.S. Census Bureau, 1920.]]> U.S. Department of Commerce]]> U.S. Census Bureau, 1920.]]> U.S. Census Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.]]> U.S. Census Bureau and published by the U.S. Department of Commerce.]]>

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The act authorizing the 1930 Census was approved on June 18, 1929, allowing for censuses of population, agriculture, irrigation, draining, distribution, unemployment, and mining. For the first time, specific questions for inquiry were left to the discretion of the Director of the Census. The Census encompassed each state, as well as the District of Columbia, Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico. The Governors of Guam, American Samoa, the Virginia Islands, and the Panama Canal Zone were responsible for conducting censuses in their respective territories. Between the date that the census act was passed and Census Day (April 1st), the stock market crashed, plunging the entire country into the Great Depression. In response, there were public and academic requests for access to unemployment data collected in the 1930 Census; however, the U.S. Census Bureau was unable to meet this demand and the bureau was accused of presenting unreliable data. Congress required a special unemployment census for January 1931, which ultimately confirmed the severity of the economic crisis. Another unemployment census was conducted in 1937, as mandated by Congress. Because this special census was voluntary, it allowed the Census Bureau to experiment with statistical sampling. Only two percent of households received a special census questionnaire.]]> U.S. Census Bureau]]> U.S. Census Bureau, 1930.]]> U.S. Department of Commerce]]> U.S. Census Bureau, 1930.]]> U.S. Census Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.]]> U.S. Census Bureau and published by the U.S. Department of Commerce.]]>

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Congress authorized the 1940 Census in August 1939, providing the Director of the Census the additional authority to conduct a national census of housing in each state, the District of Columbia, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and Alaska. The housing census was conducted separately, though enumerators often collection housing information at the same time that they collected population information. The Census of 1940 was the first time that the U.S. Census Bureau used advanced statistical techniques. In particular, the census used probablity sampling, which had only previously been tested in a trial census of unemployment conducted the Civil Works Administration during 1933-1934, in surveys of retail stores in the 1930s, and in an official sample survey of unemployment conducted amongst two percent of American households in 1937. Probability sampling allowed for the inclusion of additional demographic questions without increasing the burden on the collection process or on data processing. Moreover, sampling the U.S. Census Bureau was able to publish preliminary returns eight months before tabulations were completed. Likewise, the census increased its number of published tables, and was also able to complete data processing with higher quality and more efficiency. New census questions focused on employment, unemployment, internal migration, and incomes—reflecting on the concerns of the Great Depression, the country's housing stock, and the need for public housing programs.]]> U.S. Census Bureau]]> U.S. Census Bureau, 1940.]]> U.S. Department of Commerce]]> U.S. Census Bureau, 1940.]]> U.S. Census Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.]]> U.S. Census Bureau and published by the U.S. Department of Commerce.]]>

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The Census of 1950 encompassed every state, Alaska, Hawaii, American Samoa, the Panama Canal Zone, Guam, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and other small American territories. For the first time, the U.S. Census Bureau enumerated Americans living abroad to account for members of the Armed Forces, vessel crew members, and government employees residing in foreign countries. The Department of Defense (DOD), the Department of State (DOS), the Maritime Administration (MARAD), and several other federal agencies were responsible for distributing and collecting census questionnaires in a cooperative effort. Persons living abroad for reasons other than what is listed above had their census information reported by families or neighbors residing in the United States, but such data was criticized as unreliable and were not published in official statistics.

The 1950 Census also included a new survey on residential financing collected separately on a sample basis from owners of owner-occupied properties, rental properties, and mortgage lenders. The accuracy of the new census was increased by improved enumerator training, the use of detailed street maps for enumerators, the publication of "Missed Person" forms in local newspapers, and the designation of a specific night to conduct a special enumeration of transient individuals. Moreover, a post-enumeration survey was conducted to further verify the accuracy of the original enumeration. A sample of approximately 3,500 small areas was compared to the original census data to identify households that may have been omitted initially. Likewise, a sample of approximately 22,000 households were re-interviewed to identify persons omitted in the original enumeration count. Though not used for the 1950 Census, the UNIVersal Automatic Computer I (UNIVAC I), the first non-military computer, was used to tabulate some of the statistics for the 1954 census of economy. In August of 1954, Congress codified various census statutes, such as the Fifteenth Census Act of 1929, authorizing the decennial census and other census.]]> U.S. Census Bureau]]> U.S. Census Bureau, 1950.]]> U.S. Department of Commerce]]> U.S. Department of Defense]]> U.S. Department of State]]> U.S. Maritime Administration]]> U.S. Census Bureau, 1950.]]> U.S. Census Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.]]> U.S. Census Bureau and published by the U.S. Department of Commerce.]]>

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The Census of 1960 was the first to be mailed to respondents. The U.S. Post Office Department delivered census questionnaires to households, the head of household was required to complete the questionnaire, and an enumerator was to pick it up. The enumeration process was divided into two stages: first, select data for each person and dwelling unit was collected; and second, more detailed economic and social data was collected from a sample of households and dwelling units. The census questionnaires for the second stage were hand-delivered by enumerators as they were collecting data from the first stage. Households receiving the second census questionnaire were to complete the form and mail it to their local census office. Twenty-five percent of the population was giving additional sample questions. Because of the increased use of sampling, less populated areas were prone to sampling variation; however, this did not significantly decrease the usefulness of census statistics gathered. Moreover, increased use of sampling reduced data processing costs. Additional questions included in the 1960 Census were related to places of work and means of transportation to work. By 1960, nearly all census data was processed using computers. The U.S. Census Bureau used a Film Optical Sensing Device for Input to Computer (FOSDIC) for the first time, thus decreasing the amount of time and money required for data input.]]> U.S. Census Bureau]]> U.S. Census Bureau, 1960.]]> U.S. Department of Commerce]]> U.S. Census Bureau, 1960.]]> U.S. Census Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.]]> U.S. Census Bureau and published by the U.S. Department of Commerce.]]>

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In 1966, the U.S. Census Bureau sought suggestions from advisory committees and from the public, resulting in numerous proposals for additional inquiries related to the scope and structure of the census, as well as in public interest for the publication of additional census data. Researchers also concluded that the 1950 Census and the 1960 Census had undercounted certain segments of the population. Moreover, they noted a growing distrust of government activity and increased resistance to responding to the census. Simultaneously, both the public and private sectors expressed need for accurate information. The U.S. Census Bureau decreased its number of questions from 66 to 23 in an effort to simplify its products. A register for densely populated areas was also created to ensure that all housing units were accounted for. A Spanish-language questionnaire was also enclosed with census questionnaires in areas with a significant amount of Spanish-speaking households. Additionally, a question on Hispanic origins or descent was asked independently from race, but only on a five-percent sample. Only five questions were given to all individuals: relationship to household head, sex, race, age, and marital status. Additional questions were asked in smaller sample groups. This was also the first census in which respondents of urban areas were asked to mail their forms to the Census Bureau, rather than to hold questionnaires for enumerators.

Address Coding Guides were used to assign census geographic codes to questionnaires. Counts, a series of computer tape files, was an additional innovation used to increase the accuracy of census data. Count 1 consisted of complete count data for block groups and/or enumeration districts. Count 2 contained census tracts and minor civil/census county divisions, while Count 3 consisted of census blocks. Counts 4-6 provided sample census data for geographic areas of various population sizes. The Census Bureau also produced six Public Use Microdata Sample files, each of which contained complete information for a sample of approximately two million people. Finally, the Census Bureau developed the Summary Tape Processing Center Program, which was a group of organizations, both public and private, that processed census data from computer tapes.]]> U.S. Census Bureau]]> U.S. Census Bureau, 1970.]]> U.S. Department of Commerce]]> U.S. Census Bureau, 1970.]]> U.S. Census Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.]]> U.S. Census Bureau and published by the U.S. Department of Commerce.]]>

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Due to the success of the 1970 Census' mail-out/mail-back questionnaire, the program was expanded for the Census of 1980 to include approximately 95 percent of the population. The short-form questionnaire for this census contained seven questions related to population and 11 questions related to housing; whereas the long-form questionnaire included 26 questions on population and 10 questions on housing. A question regarding Spanish or Hispanic origin, separate from race inquires, was used in all questionnaires due to its success in a five-percent sample for the 1970 Census. Two surveys were included in the new census: the Components of Inventory Change Survey, making inquiries regarding the number and characteristics of housing units that either changed or remained the same between 1973 and 1980; and the Residential Finance Survey, which collected information on mortgages, shelter costs, housing characteristics, and owner characteristics. The U.S. Census Bureau's Census Publicity Office, established in 1978, directed an extensive public service advertising campaign focusing on public awareness of the census and encouraging individuals to participate. A special effort was made to enumerate groups that have historically been undercounted in previous censuses: "M-Night" focused on counting individuals in homeless shelters, soup kitchens, bus and railway stations, and dormitories; "T-Night" focused on the enumeration of hotels and motels with permanent residents.

The State Data Center Program was established to simplify public access to census data via computer tapes. The Census Bureau was to provide free copies of electronic and printed census information and products to each state; in return, the state agreed to develop a network of affiliated organizations, such as state executive departments, chambers of commerce, councils of government, university research departments, and libraries, by which census information would be housed for public access. All states had joined the program by the middle of the decade.

Despite various technological and procedural advances, the U.S. Census undercounted the national population, as it typically did in previous censuses. The African-American population had an estimated net undercount rate that was 3.7 percentage points higher than the rate for all other races combined. Various cities and states, beginning with the City of Detroit, filed suit against the U.S. Census Bureau, demanding that statistical adjustment be used to compensate for census estimates that had been omitted or improperly counted. In the Fall of 1980, the Bureau announced that it would not adjust its population totals because it was unable to determine the number and distribution of illegal aliens and other undercounted groups. A federal district court ruled in favor of the City of New York and the State of New York that same year, ordering the Census Bureau to correct its numbers. The U.S. Supreme Court stayed this ruling, as well as other similar rulings, in December of 1980, which allowed the Bureau to report its figures to the President unadjusted. In 1987, a federal appeals court ruled that the census figures should not be adjusted because the Census Bureau's decision not to adjust the figures was not arbitrary nor capricious.]]> U.S. Census Bureau]]> U.S. Census Bureau, 1980.]]> U.S. Department of Commerce]]> U.S. Census Bureau, 1980.]]> U.S. Census Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.]]> U.S. Census Bureau and published by the U.S. Department of Commerce.]]>

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For the 1990 Census, the U.S. Census Bureau utilized extensive user consultation prior to enumeration in order to refine both long and short form census questionnaires. The short form consisted of 13 questions and was given to the entire population. The long form asked 45 questions and was given to a 20-percent sample. The long form included topics related to marital history, carpooling, residence, residential elevators, and energy usage. Unlike the 1980 Census, the new census eliminated questions regarding air conditioning, the number of bathrooms in a residence, and the type of heating equipment used. A vast advertising campaign was marketed to increase public awareness of the census via public television, radio, and print media. Like the previous census, the Census of 1990 made a special effort to enumerate groups that have historically been undercounted in previous censuses called "S-Night": individuals in homeless shelters, soup kitchens, bus and railway stations, and dormitories (enumerated separately in the 1980 Census on "M-Night"); and permanent residents in hotels and motels (enumerated separately in the 1980 Census on "T-Night"). Following legal issues filed in response to the 1980 Census regarding statistical readjustment of undercounted areas, the Census Bureau initiated a post-enumeration survey (PES), in which a contemporaneous survey of households would be conducted and compared to the census results from the official census. In a partial resolution of a 1989 lawsuit filed by New York plaintiffs, the U.S. Department of Commerce agreed to use the PES to produce population data that had been adjusted for the projected undercount and that said data would be judged against the unadjusted data by the Secretary of Commerce's Special Advisory Panel (SAP).

The Census of 1990 also introduced the U.S. to the Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing System (TIGER), which was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Census Bureau. TIGER used computerized representations of various map features to geographically code addresses into appropriate census geographic areas. It also produced different maps required for census data collection and tabulation. Five years earlier, the Census Bureau became the first government agency to publish information on CD-ROM. For the 1990 Census, the bureau made detailed census data, which had previously been only available to organizations with large mainframe computers, accessible to any individual with a personal computer. Census data was also available in print, on computer tape, and on microfiche. Using two online service vendors, DIALOG and CompuServe, the Census Bureau also published select census data online.

As with previous censuses, the 1990 Census undercounted the national population, and again, the African-American population had an estimated net undercount rate that was significantly higher than the rate for other races. In July of 1991, the Secretary of Commerce announced that he did not find evidence in favor of using adjusted counts compelling—despite SAP's split vote on the issue—and chose to use unadjusted totals for the official census results. In response, the New York plaintiffs resumed the lawsuit against the U.S. Department of Commerce. A federal district court ruleded in favor of the DOC in April of 1993. The U.S. Court of Appeals, however, rejected the previous court ruling and ordered that the case be reheard by the federal district court. In March of 1996, the U.S. Supreme Court finally ruled in favor of the Secretary of Commerce's decision to use the unadjusted census date, but did not rule on the legality or constitutionality of the use of statistical adjustment in producing apportionment counts.]]> U.S. Census Bureau]]> U.S. Census Bureau, 1990.]]> U.S. Department of Commerce]]> U.S. Census Bureau, 1990.]]> U.S. Census Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.]]> U.S. Census Bureau and published by the U.S. Department of Commerce.]]>

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For the Census of 2000, the short form consisted of only seven questions, while the long form consisted of 52 questions and was used for a 17-percent sample of the population. For the first time, race questions were not limited to a single category; rather, respondents were able to check multiple boxes. A new question related to grandparents as caregivers was also mandated by legislation passed in 1996. Disability questions were expanded to including hearing and vision impairments, as well as learning, memory, and concentration disabilities. The 2000 Census also eliminated questions related to children born, water sources, sewage disposal, and condominium status. In addition, the 2000 Census was the first in which the Internet was used as the principal medium for the dissemination of census information. Summary Files were available for download immediately upon release and individual tables could be viewed via American FactFinder, the Census Bureau's online database. Files were also available for purchase on CD-Rom and DVD.

Due to declining questionnaire mail-back rates, the U.S. Census Bureau marketed a $167 million national and local print, television, and public advertising campaign in 17 different languages. The campaign successfully brought the mail-back rate up to 67 percent. Additionally, respondents receiving the short form were given the option of responding via the Internet. Telephone questionnaire assistance centers available in six languages also took responses via the phone. Statistical sampling techniques were utilized in two ways: first, to alter the traditional 100-percent personal visit of non-responding households during the non-response follow-up (NRFU) process instead by following up on a smaller sample basis; second, the sampling of 750,000 housing units matched to housing unit questionnaires obtained from mail and telephone responses, as well as from personal visits. The goal of the latter was to develop adjustment factors for individuals estimated to have been missed or duplicated and to correct the census counts to produce one set of numbers. This "one-number census" would correct for net coverage errors called Integrated Coverage Measurement (ICM). Both of these measures were taken in an attempt to avoid repetition of the litigation costs generated by the 1980 Census and the 1990 Census.

Despite these efforts, two lawsuits—one filed by the U.S. House of Representatives—were filed in February 1998 challenging the constitutionality and legality of the planned uses of sampling to produce apportionment counts. Both cases were decided in favor of the plaintiffs in federal district courts, but the U.S. Department of Commerce made appeals to the U.S. Supreme Court. Known as the  U.S. Department of Commerce v. the U.S. House of Representatives, the Court ruled that the Census Bureau's plans to use statistical sampling for purposes of congressional apportionments violated the Census Act. The bureau revised its plan, stating that it would produce statistically adjusted data for non-apportionment uses of census data information, such as redistricting. However, in March of 2001, the Census Bureau recommended against the use of adjusted census data for redistricting due to accuracy concerns; the Secretary of Commerce determined that the unadjusted data would be released as the bureau's official redistricting data. The Director of the Census Bureau also rejected to the use of adjusted data for non-redistricting purposes in October of that same year.]]> U.S. Census Bureau]]> U.S. Census Bureau, 2000.]]> U.S. Department of Commerce]]> U.S. Census Bureau, 2000.]]> U.S. Census Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.]]> U.S. Census Bureau and published by the U.S. Department of Commerce.]]>

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Episode 18 features a discussion of time pieces at the Museum of Geneva History, the Central Florida Railroad Museum, and the Harry T. & Harriette V. Moore Cultural Complex. This podcast also includes interviews with Dr. Mark Howard Long of the University of Central Florida, Dr. Alexis M. McCrossen of Southern Methodist University, Philip Cross of the National Railway Historical Society, and Ben Green, author of Before His Time: The Untold Story of Harry T. Moore, America's First Civil Rights Martyr.]]> A History of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.]]> RICHES
]]> Museum of Geneva History]]> Florida Memory Project]]> Library of Congress]]> A History of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.]]> A History of Central Florida Collection, RICHES Podcast Documentaries Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.]]> Adobe Flash Player]]> Java]]> RICHES.]]> RICHES]]> University of Central Florida in Orlando, Florida.]]> 0:00:26 Early childhood
0:03:45 Basic training
0:06:15 Tech school
0:07:09 Active duty/Davis-Monthan Air Force Base
0:07:47 First deployment - Qatar - Al Udeid Air Base
0:09:20 First impression of Qatar
0:10:07 Locals in Qatar
0:12:09 Memorable day in Qatar/leaving
0:13:45 Second deployment ─ Afghanistan
0:15:42 First impression of Afghanistan
0:17:04 Operating cryogenics elements
0:17:30 Memorable day in Afghanistan/movie night
0:19:11 9/11 in Afghanistan
0:20:52 Rocket attack response
0:22:32 Funny story – sabotaging supervisor
0:24:40 Feelings leaving Afghanistan
0:25:58 Being in relationship while in Afghanistan
0:27:49 Life after service
0:29:45 Awards/medals earned for service
0:31:18 Today's activities
0:32:11 Working at the UCF VARC and helping veteran students
0:32:42 How service has affected life]]> Dull, Joshua R. Interviewed by Rachel Williams. Audio/video record available. UCF Community Veterans History Project, RICHES of Central Florida, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.]]> RICHES of Central Florida]]> Veterans History Projects, Library of Congress.]]> Dull, Joshua R. Interviewed by Rachel Williams. Audio/video record available. UCF Community Veterans History Project, RICHES of Central Florida, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.]]> UCF Community Veterans History Project, RICHES of Central Florida, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.]]> War in Afghanistan Collection, UCF Community Veterans History Project Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.]]> QuickTime.]]> Adobe Acrobat Reader]]> RICHES of Central Florida.]]> RICHES of Central Florida]]> Florida Historical Quarterly. A Lecturer of History, Dr. Clark's concentration is on Florida history, the American South, and presidential history. "To Attract, Retain and Grow" focuses on the history of the Florida High Tech Corridor Council (FHTCC), which an economic development initiative whose mission is to foster the high technology industry in Florida's High Tech Corridor, spanning 23 counties with rich industries in aerospace engineering, modeling and simulation, optics and photonics, digital media, and medical technologies. The council consists of the UCF in Orlando, the University of South Florida (USF) in Tampa, and the University of Florida (UF) in Gainesville. In 1966, the Florida Legislature passed an act founding the FHTCC to support the 21-county service areas of UCF and USF. Its original mission was to expand research and educational partnerships in order to retain the Cirent Semiconductor water fabrication facility located in Orlando, Florida. In 1997, the development of all technology industries across Central Florida was added to the FHTCC's mission. UF joined the partnership in 2005.]]> To Attract, Retain and Grow: The History of the Florida High Tech Corridor Council."]]> Florida High Tech Corridor Council]]> General Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.]]> Florida High Tech Corridor Council.]]> Florida High Tech Corridor Council and is provided here by RICHES of Central Florida for educational purposes only.]]> Oakland Nature Preserve, Oakland, Florida.]]> Oakland Nature Preserve, Oakland, Florida.]]> Friends of Lake Apopka Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.]]> Adobe Acrobat Reader]]> Friends of Lake Apopka and is provided here by RICHES of Central Florida for educational purposes only.]]> Oakland Nature Preserve, Oakland, Florida.]]> Oakland Nature Preserve, Oakland, Florida.]]> Friends of Lake Apopka Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.]]> Adobe Acrobat Reader]]> Friends of Lake Apopka and is provided here by RICHES of Central Florida for educational purposes only.]]> Pine Castle Historical Society, Pine Castle, Florida.]]> Orange County Expressway Authority]]> Reynolds, Smith &amp]]> Howard, Needles, Tammen &amp]]> Sky Lake Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.]]> Orange County Expressway Authority.]]>

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Interview topics include: how the High Tech Corridor Council began, the Dallas-Fort Worth Corridor in Texas, Charlie Reed, reinvesting the original funding, expanding partnerships, Silicon Valley, Lynda Weatherman and economic development in Brevard County, the “Core Team” and the “Pajama Hotline,” the Florida Virtual Entrepreneur Center, serving as a model for other regions, the role of venture capitalism, workforce development, the expansion of the corridor, the impact of the business community on approval of university projects, and future challenges.]]> 0:00:53 How the Florida High Tech Corridor Council began
0:07:24 Taking the plan to the Florida State Legislature
0:13:37 The Dallas-Fort Worth Corridor and project conception
0:20:11 Intellectual property
0:25:47 Charlie Reed
0:28:43 Reinvesting the original funding
0:31:10 Expanding partnerships and funding
0:35:57 Silicon Valley
0:40:02 Role of partnership in the success of the Corridor
0:48:18 Lynda Weatherman and Economic Development in Brevard County
0:51:01 “Core Team” and the “Pajama Hotline”
0:54:40 Florida Virtual Entrepreneur Center
0:58:46 A model for other regions
1:02:10 Growing and retaining versus buying jobs
1:13:27 Role of venture capitalism
1:20:35 Workforce development
1:27:52 Expansion of the Corridor
1:39:08 Impact of business community on approval of university projects
1:42:28 Future challenges]]> RICHES of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.]]> RICHES of Central Florida]]> RICHES of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.]]> General Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.]]> Adobe Flash Player]]> Java]]> RICHES of Central Florida.]]> RICHES of Central Florida]]> Map of Florida Showing the Land Grant of the Florida South Railway. Map. Buffalo, NY: Art-Printing Works, 1888: Maitland Public Library, Maitland, Florida.]]> Map of Florida Showing the Land Grant of the Florida South Railway. Map. Buffalo, NY: Art-Printing Works, 1888.]]> General Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.]]> Adobe Acrobat Reader]]> Maitland Public Library and is provided here by RICHES of Central Florida for educational purposes only.]]> original record, 1946: National Archives Identifier 305285, Record Group 407, Modern Military Records LICON, Textual Archives Services Division, National Archives at College Park, College Park, Maryland.]]> Textual Archives Services Division, National Archives at College Park, College Park, Maryland.]]> Epinal American Cemetery Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.]]>

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A notable resident listed in this record is William Harris Jr. (1909–1944).

The Florida-France Soldiers Stories Project seeks to tell the stories of the Florida soldiers buried in the American Battle Monuments Commission cemeteries in France. Our goal is to honor and commemorate the brave individuals who gave their lives supporting the Allied forces, liberating France, and defeating Germany in the Second World War. Simultaneously, our goal is to teach the students who participate in this research project about the history of France and Florida during World War II, about the history of individual servicemen, and about how to implement historical research methods in their work.]]> United States Census Bureau]]> United States Census Bureau]]> Florida-France Soldier Stories Project Collection, RICHES.]]> United States Census Bureau.]]>
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