Glenn's Rocket Found in Africa
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
NASA
Project Mercury (U.S.)
Glenn, John, 1921-
A newspaper article, originally posted by The Associated Press, published in <em>The Miami Herald</em> on March 2, 1962. According to the article, a fragment of the Atlas rocket used for John Glenn's mission was found on a farm in South Africa. South African officials made plans to return the artifact to the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C.
<a href="http://www.ap.org/" target="_blank">The Associated Press</a>
Original newspaper article: "Glenn's Rocket Found in Africa." <em>The Miami Herald</em>, March 2, 1962: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
<a href="http://www.miamiherald.com/" target="_blank">The Miami Herald</a>
Fowler, Calvin "Cal" D.
<a href="http://srealserver.eecs.ucf.edu/chronopoints/" target="_blank">Chronopoints</a>
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Aliwal North, Eastern Cape, South Africa
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14, Cape Canaveral, Florida
Prime Crew of the Tenth Manned Apollo Mission
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
NASA
Apollo Project (U.S.)
Project Apollo (U.S.)
Apollo 16 (Spacecraft)
Astronauts--United States
Duke, Charles M.
Young, John Watts, 1930-
Mattingly, Thomas K. (Thomas Ken)
Mattingly, Ken
A pre-launch publicity photograph of the crew of Apollo 16. This mission was the 10th manned Apollo mission and it was the fifth to put astronauts on the Moon. Apollo 16 launched from Launch Complex 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center in Merritt Island, Florida, on April 16, 1972 and returned on April 27. Photographed from left to right are Command Module Pilot Ken Mattingly (1936-), Mission Commander John Young (1930-), and Lunar Module Pilot Charles Duke (1935-).
<a href="http://www.nasa.gov/" target="_blank">National Aeronautics and Space Administration</a>
Original color photographic print: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Fowler, Calvin "Cal" D.
<a href="http://srealserver.eecs.ucf.edu/chronopoints/" target="_blank">Chronopoints</a>
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John F. Kennedy Space Center, Merritt Island, Florida
Apollo 17 Crew with Lunar Rover Trainer and Saturn V
John F. Kennedy Space Center
Kennedy Space Center
Merritt Island (Fla.)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
NASA
Apollo Project (U.S.)
Project Apollo (U.S.)
Apollo 17 (Spacecraft)
Astronauts--United States
Saturn V (Satellite)
Cernan, Eugene
Schmitt, Harrison H.
Evans, Ronald E., 1933-1990
A pre-launch publicity photograph of the crew of Apollo 17 on September 30, 1971. This mission was the 11th manned Apollo mission, the sixth to put astronauts on the Moon, and the final mission of Project Apollo. Apollo 17 launched from Launch Complex 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center in Merritt Island, Florida, on December 7, 1972, and returned on December 19. Photographed, from left to right, is Command Module Pilot Ronald Evans (1933-1990), Lunar Module Pilot Harrison Schmitt (1935-), and Mission Commander Eugene Cernan (1934-).
<a href="http://www.nasa.gov/" target="_blank">National Aeronautics and Space Administration</a>
Original color photographic print, September 30, 1971: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Fowler, Calvin "Cal" D.
<a href="http://srealserver.eecs.ucf.edu/chronopoints/" target="_blank">Chronopoints</a>
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Launch Complex 39A, John F. Kennedy Space Center, Merritt Island, Florida
Apollo 8 Liftoff
John F. Kennedy Space Center
Kennedy Space Center
Merritt Island (Fla.)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
NASA
Apollo Project (U.S.)
Project Apollo (U.S.)
Apollo 8 (Spacecraft)
Saturn V (Satellite)
Apollo 8's Saturn V launch vehicle lifting off from Launch Complex 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center in Merritt Island, Florida, on December 21, 1968. Apollo 8 was the first manned spacecraft to leave Earth's orbit and the first to orbit another celestial body, the Moon. The spacecraft would was manned by Mission Commander Frank Borman (1928-), Lunar Module Pilot William Anders (1933-), and Command Module Pilot Jim Lovell (1928-). Apollo 8 returned to Earth on December 27.
<a href="http://www.nasa.gov/" target="_blank">National Aeronautics and Space Administration</a>
Original color photographic print, December 21, 1968: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Fowler, Calvin "Cal" D.
<a href="http://srealserver.eecs.ucf.edu/chronopoints/" target="_blank">Chronopoints</a>
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Launch Complex 39A, John F. Kennedy Space Center, Merritt Island, Florida
Apollo 8 View of Earth
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
NASA
Apollo Project (U.S.)
Project Apollo (U.S.)
Earth
A view of Earth from Apollo 8, the first manned spacecraft to leave Earth's orbit and the first to orbit another celestial body, the Moon. Apollo 8 launched from Launch Complex 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center in Merritt Island, Florida, on December 21, 1968.. The spacecraft would was manned by Mission Commander Frank Borman (1928-), Lunar Module Pilot William Anders (1933-), and Command Module Pilot Jim Lovell (1928-). Apollo 8 returned to Earth on December 27.
<a href="http://www.nasa.gov/" target="_blank">National Aeronautics and Space Administration</a>
Original color photographic print, December 1968: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Fowler, Calvin "Cal" D.
<a href="http://srealserver.eecs.ucf.edu/chronopoints/" target="_blank">Chronopoints</a>
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Launch Complex 39A, John F. Kennedy Space Center, Merritt Island, Florida
Apollo 8 View of Moon
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
NASA
Apollo Project (U.S.)
Project Apollo (U.S.)
Moon
A view of the Moon from Apollo 8, the first manned spacecraft to leave Earth's orbit and the first to orbit another celestial body. Apollo 8 launched from Launch Complex 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center in Merritt Island, Florida, on December 21, 1968.. The spacecraft would was manned by Mission Commander Frank Borman (1928-), Lunar Module Pilot William Anders (1933-), and Command Module Pilot Jim Lovell (1928-). Apollo 8 returned to Earth on December 27.
<a href="http://www.nasa.gov/" target="_blank">National Aeronautics and Space Administration</a>
Original color photographic print, December 1968: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Fowler, Calvin "Cal" D.
<a href="http://srealserver.eecs.ucf.edu/chronopoints/" target="_blank">Chronopoints</a>
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Still Image
Launch Complex 39A, John F. Kennedy Space Center, Merritt Island, Florida
Earth as Seen by Apollo 8 Crew in Moon Orbit
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
NASA
Apollo Project (U.S.)
Project Apollo (U.S.)
Earth
Moon
A view of Earth from the Moon. This iconic photograph was taken by the crew of Apollo 8, the first manned spacecraft to leave Earth's orbit and the first to orbit another celestial body, the Moon. Apollo 8 launched from Launch Complex 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center in Merritt Island, Florida, on December 21, 1968.. The spacecraft would was manned by Mission Commander Frank Borman (1928-), Lunar Module Pilot William Anders (1933-), and Command Module Pilot Jim Lovell (1928-). Apollo 8 returned to Earth on December 27.
<a href="http://www.nasa.gov/" target="_blank">National Aeronautics and Space Administration</a>
Original color photographic print, December 24, 1968: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Fowler, Calvin "Cal" D.
<a href="http://srealserver.eecs.ucf.edu/chronopoints/" target="_blank">Chronopoints</a>
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Launch Complex 39A, John F. Kennedy Space Center, Merritt Island, Florida
Canaveral Leaves Mind Sharp Bits Amid Clutter
Cape Canaveral (Fla.)
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (Fla.)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
NASA
Project Mercury (U.S.)
Astronauts--United States
Atlas (Missile)
Cooper, Leroy Gordon, 1927-2004
Cooper, Gordon, 1927-2004
A newspaper article from <em>The Baltimore Sun</em> published on May 20, 1963. Written by Stephen A. Bennett, the article provides details Mercury-Atlas 9 (MA-9), the final manned space mission for Project Mercury. MA-9 launched from Launch Complex 14 at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS) in Cape Canaveral, on May 15, 1963. Gordon Cooper (1927-2004) traveled in <em>Faith 7</em>, successfully orbiting the Earth 22 and a half times before returned to Earth the following day.
Bennett, Stephen A.
Original newspaper article: Bennett, Stephen A. "Canaveral Leaves Mind Sharp Bits Amid Clutter." <em>The Baltimore Sun</em>, May 20, 1963: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
<a href="http://www.baltimoresun.com/" target="_blank"><em>The Baltimore Sun</em></a>
Fowler, Calvin "Cal" D.
<a href="http://srealserver.eecs.ucf.edu/chronopoints/" target="_blank">Chronopoints</a>
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Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14, Cape Canaveral, Florida
Telegram from Lew Emmerich to Dr. Cal Fowler (May 15, 1963)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
NASA
Project Mercury (U.S.)
Atlas (Missile)
Dr. Cal Fowler (1929-2013) received this congratulatory telegram from Lew Emmerich, a General Dynamics Program Director based out of San Diego, California. Emmerich was involved in America's space program from Project Mercury to Project Apollo, and was described in his obituary as a "Pioneer of America's Space Program."
Emmerich, Lew
Original telegram from Lew Emmerich to Dr. Calvin "Cal" Fowler, May 15, 1963): Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Fowler, Calvin "Cal" D.
<a href="http://srealserver.eecs.ucf.edu/chronopoints/" target="_blank">Chronopoints</a>
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General Dynamics/Aeronautics, San Diego, California
Home of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler, Cocoa, Florida
Letter from General Ben I. Funk to Dr. Calvin D. Fowler (May 14, 1963)
Cape Canaveral (Fla.)
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (Fla.)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
NASA
Air Force
Project Mercury (U.S.)
After the successful completion of the final manned Mercury-Atlas flight (MA-9), General Ben I. Funk (b. 1913), who was the U.S. Air Force general in charge of manned rocket development, sent this letter of commendation to Dr. Calvin D. Fowler, who was the manager and the Launch Conductor for Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14 (LC-14) on the final three Project Mercury flights. Dr. Fowler was tasked with pushing the button in the blockhouse to initiate the rocket's ignition. He was also responsible for the rocket's preparation and safety. Astronauts Scott Carpenter (1925-2013), Wally Schirra (1923-2007), and Gordon Cooper (1927-2004) successfully completed their missions because of Dr. Fowler's General Dynamics/Astronautics team preparation.
Funk, Ben Ivan
Original 1-page typewritten letter from Ben I. Funk to Dr. Calvin D. Fowler, May 14, 1963: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Fowler, Calvin D.
<a href="http://srealserver.eecs.ucf.edu/chronopoints/" target="_blank">Chronopoints</a>
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Space Systems Division Headquarters, Air Force Systems Command, United States Air Force, El Segundo, California
General Dynamics/Astronautics, Cocoa Beach, Florida
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14, Cape Canaveral, Florida
Smiling Schirra Gets Memento Key
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
NASA
Project Mercury (U.S.)
Astronauts--United States
Schirra, Wally
Schirra, Walter M. (Walter Marty), 1923-2007
A newspaper article about Dr. Cal Fowler (1929-2013) presenting an engraved launch key to astronaut Wally Schirra (1923-2007) Dr. Fowler, the Launch Conductor at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS)'s Launch Complex 14 (LC-14) in Cape Canaveral, Florida, used the key to launch Schirra's spacecraft, <em>Sigma 7</em>, into orbit on October 3, 1962. Mercury-Atlas 8 (MA-8) was the fifth manned space mission and was launched as part of Project Mercury.<br /><br />General Dynamics Astronautics, the firm which conducted the launch, had the key gold-plated and engraved with the following message: "Wally Schirra (1923-2007), MA-8 Orbital Launch, 10-3-62 7:15 a.m." The opposite side of the key stated: "Atlas, Launch Console Arming Key, Mercury <em>Sigma 7</em>, General Dynamics Astronautics." Dr. Fowler and General Dynamics site manager B. G. MacNabb appear in the photograph to the left and Schirra appears in the right photograph.
Mack, Walt
Original newspaper article: Mack, Walt. "Smiling Schirra Gets Memento Key." <em>The Brevard-Sentinel</em>, 1963: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
<em>The Brevard-Sentinel</em>
Fowler, Calvin "Cal" D.
<a href="http://srealserver.eecs.ucf.edu/chronopoints/" target="_blank">Chronopoints</a>
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Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14, Cape Canaveral, Florida
Astronauts' Biggest 'Booster': Button Pusher with Prime Job
Cape Canaveral (Fla.)
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (Fla.)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
NASA
Project Mercury (U.S.)
Astronauts--United States
A newspaper article by Peter Reich published in <em>The Chicago's American</em>. The article provides a contemporaneous account of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler, manager of Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14 (LC-14) and launch conductor, whose job was launching astronaut Gordon Cooper into space on a Project Mercury rocket.
Reich, Peter
Original newspaper article: Reich, Peter. "Astronauts' Biggest 'Booster': Button Pusher with Prime Job." <a href="http://www.chicagotribune.com/" target="_blank"><em>The Chicago's American</em></a>, May 9, 1963: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
<a href="http://www.chicagotribune.com/" target="_blank"><em>The Chicago's American</em></a>
Fowler, Calvin D.
<a href="http://srealserver.eecs.ucf.edu/chronopoints/" target="_blank">Chronopoints</a>
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Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14, Cape Canaveral, Florida
General Dynamics/Astronautics, San Diego, California
Letter from Alan Shepard to Dr. Calvin D. Fowler (August 2, 1963)
Port Canaveral (Fla.)
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (Fla.)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
NASA
Project Mercury (U.S.)
Astronauts--United States
After Gordon Cooper (1927-2004)'s Mercury-Atlas 9 mission (MA-9), Alan Shepard's (1923-1998) scheduled Project Mercury's Mercury-Atlas 10 mission (MA-10) was canceled. Shepard wrote to Dr. Calvin D. Fowler, the manager and the Launch Conductor for Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14 (LC-14), to express his appreciation for some photographs that he had sent, and also to express his regrets about the cancellation of MA-10.
Shepard, Alan
Original 1-page typewritten letter from Alan Shepard to Dr. Calvin D. Fowler, August 2, 1963: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Fowler, Calvin D.
<a href="http://srealserver.eecs.ucf.edu/chronopoints/" target="_blank">Chronopoints</a>
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Text
Manned Spacecraft Center, Houston, Texas
Convair/Astronautics, Mission Training Center, Port Canaveral, Florida
Letter from Colonel William E. Todd to Dr. Cal Fowler (December 4, 1961)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
NASA
Todd, William E.
ICBM
Missiles
A letter of correspondence from Colonel William E. Todd to Dr. Cal Fowler (1929-2013) dated December 4, 1961. In the letter, col. Todd invites Dr. Fowler, the former chief activation engineer, to attend ceremonies marking the completion of the U.S. Air Force's first Intercontinental Ballistic Missile Wing at Francis E. Warren Air Force Base near Cheyenne, Wyoming. The ceremony was held at the 566th Strategic Missile Squadron Complex 11 in Nunn, Colorado.
Todd, William E.
Original 1-page letter and map from Colonel William E. Todd to Dr. Calvin D. Fowler, December 4, 1961: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
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Fowler, Calvin "Cal" D.
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Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14, Cape Canaveral, Florida
Francis E. Warren Air Force Base, Wyoming
566th Strategic Missile Squadron Complex 11, Nunn, Colorado
Lunch Wagon at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14
Cape Canaveral (Fla.)
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (Fla.)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
NASA
Project Mercury (U.S.)
Launch complexes (Astronautics)--Florida
Astronauts--United States
During Project Mercury, the program to launch the first American into space, astronauts would visit the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (AFS) in Cape Canaveral, Florida, and would often eat lunch at a lunch truck because of time limitations and lack of places to eat. This photograph shows Mercury 7 astronauts Wally Schirra (1923-2007), the fifth man launched in Sigma 7, and Gordon Cooper (1927-2004), the sixth man launched in Faith 7. This photograph also shows Launch Complex 14 (LC-14) manager Dr. Calvin D. Fowler and others getting lunch at a "roach coach" at the Cape Canaveral AFS during a visit for Project Mercury.
Original black and white photographic print: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Fowler, Calvin D.
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Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14, Cape Canaveral, Florida
GD/Astro Greeters See Kennedy on Cape Trip
Cape Canaveral (Fla.)
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (Fla.)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
Project Mercury (U.S.)
Presidents--United States
Astronauts--United States
A newspaper article on President John F. Kennedy (1917-1963)'s visit to Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14 (LC-14) on September 11, 1962. Presidents typically use such visits to gain firsthand understanding of important programs. President Kennedy toured the Cape Canaveral launch facilities the day before he announced the project to place a man on the Moon.
Original newspaper article: "GD/Astro Greeters See Kennedy on Cape Trip." September 11, 1962: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Fowler, Calvin D.
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Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Skid Strip, Cape Canaveral, Florida
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14, Cape Canaveral, Florida
Cal Fowler and Others at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14
Cape Canaveral (Fla.)
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (Fla.)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
NASA
Project Mercury (U.S.)
Dr. Calvin D. Fowler with others at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14 (LC-14). Dr. Fowler is photographed second from the right. Dr. Fowler was the manager of Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14 during the final three launches of Project Mercury. From the blockhouse at Complex 14, after confirming the mission was a go, Dr. Fowler pressed the button to launch Wally Schirra (1923-2007), Scott Carpenter (1925-2013) and Gordon Cooper (1927-2004) into space aboard their respective rockets. He is pictured chatting with workers at the launch site.
Original black and white photographic print: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Fowler, Calvin D.
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Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14, Cape Canaveral, Florida
A Great Trip in a Sweet Bird
Cape Canaveral (Fla.)
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (Fla.)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
NASA
Project Mercury (U.S.)
Air Force
A newspaper article published by <em>The </em><em>Plattsburgh Press-Republican</em> on October 4, 1962. Dr. Calvin D. Fowler was the manager of Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14 during the final three launches of Project Mercury. In this newspaper photograph, he is shown sitting at the Launch Conductor's console in the blockhouse at Launch Complex 14 (LC-14), launching <span><span>Wally Schirra (1923-2007)</span></span>'s Mercury-Atlas rocket, named Sigma 7, into space. Dr. Fowler would go on to do the same for Gordon Cooper (1927-2004).
Original newspaper article: "A Great Trip in a Sweet Bird." <a href="http://www.pressrepublican.com/" target="_blank"><em>The Plattsburgh Press-Republican</em></a>, Vol. LXIX, no. 45, October 4, 1962: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
<a href="http://www.pressrepublican.com/" target="_blank"><em>The Plattsburgh Press-Republican</em></a>
Fowler, Calvin D.
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Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14 Blockhouse, Cape Canaveral, Florida
Pre-Launch Meeting
Cape Canaveral (Fla.)
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (Fla.)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
NASA
Air Force
Project Mercury (U.S.)
A newspaper article about a meeting that occurred on October 9, 1962, before the launch of Walter "Wally" Marty Schirra, Jr. in Sigma 7 between representatives of the Aerospace Corporation; the Burroughs Corporation; Rocketdyne, Inc.; General Dynamics/Astronautics; McDonnell Aircraft Corporation; General Electric Company; the U.S. Air Force (USAF); and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NAS). Photographed, from left to right, are Jack Wiegand of the Aerospace Corporation; George Liner of the Burroughs Corporation; Major C. J. McCarthy of the Air Force's 6555th Aerospace Test Group; Lee Solid of Rocketdyne, Inc.; Major J. R. Mullady of the 6555th, Dr. Calvin D. Fowler of General Dynamics/Astronautics; Porter Brown of NASA; Ralph Gendielle of the McDonnell Aircraft Corporation; and John Savarie of General Electric Company. The racks of electronics and control consoles provides the backdrop.
Original newspaper article: "Pre-Launch Meeting." October 9, 1962: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin "Cal" D. Fowler.
Fowler, Calvin D.
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Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14, Cape Canaveral, Florida
Dr. Calvin D. Fowler and T. J.O'Malley Observing Project Mercury
Cape Canaveral (Fla.)
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (Fla.)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
NASA
Project Mercury (U.S.)
Dr. Calvin D. Fowler, T. J. O'Malley (1915-2009) and others observing Mercury-Atlas 9 (MA-9)'s spacecraft, <em>Faith 7</em>, for Project Mercury. <em>Faith 7</em> was piloted by Gordon Cooper (1927-2004), on May 15, 1963. After the launch, the team assembled in the blockhouse to observe the mission on monitors. Dr. Fowler, who had just launched Cooper into orbit, is seated along with O'Malley, who had previously launchedJohn Glenn (b. 1921)'s rocket, <em>Friendship 7</em>.
Original black and white photographic print: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Fowler, Calvin D.
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Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14 Blockhouse, Cape Canaveral, Florida
Astronaut Wally Schirra
Cape Canaveral (Fla.)
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (Fla.)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
NASA
Astronauts--United States
Project Mercury (U.S.)
Wally Schirra (1923-2007) was the fifth American astronaut in space and the third to orbit the Earth. On October 3, 1962, Dr. Calvin D. Fowler, who was the manager and launch conductor for Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14 (LC-14), confirmed a go for launch with the Project Mercury team in the launch complex's blockhouse and pressed the button to ignite the Mercury-Atlas rocket named <em>Sigma 7</em>. After his successful flight, U.S. Navy Lieutenant Commander Schirra thanked Dr. Fowler for his efforts with a signed photograph.
Original 8 x 10 color photographic print: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Fowler, Calvin D.
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Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14 Blockhouse, Cape Canaveral, Florida
Mercury-Atlas Management Team at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14 Blockhouse
Cape Canaveral (Fla.)
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (Fla.)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
NASA
Project Mercury (U.S.)
A group photograph of the Mercury-Atlas launch management team. Left center in the back row is Dr. Calvin D. Fowler, who launched astronauts <span><span>Scott Carpenter (1925-2013)</span></span>, <span><span>Wally Schirra (1923-2007),</span></span> and <span><span>Gordon Cooper (1927-2004)</span></span>. The other men in the photographed are unidentified.
Original black and white photographic print: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Fowler, Calvin D.
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Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14 Blockhouse, Cape Canaveral, Florida
Dr. Calvin D. Fowler at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14 Blockhouse's Launch Conductor Console
Cape Canaveral (Fla.)
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (Fla.)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
NASA
Project Mercury (U.S.)
Dr. Calvin D. Fowler seated at the launch conductor's console in the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (Cape Canaveral AFS) Launch Complex 14 (LC-14) blockhouse for Mercury-Atlas launch. Fowler would conduct the final three Project Mercury launches from this position.
Original black and white photographic print: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Fowler, Calvin D.
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Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14 Blockhouse, Cape Canaveral, Florida
Launch Control Room at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14 Blockhouse
Cape Canaveral (Fla.)
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (Fla.)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
NASA
Project Mercury (U.S.)
During a launch of a Mercury-Atlas mission, these workstations were occupied by workers who monitored critical systems on the rocket and maintained lines of communications with essential locations around the world. Instead of digital readouts and big screen displays, this equipment used various gauges to display readings and dials and buttons to adjust equipment and the rocket. The monitors above the workstations allowed for a video feed on the launch vehicle at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (Cape Canaveral AFS) Launch Complex 14 (LC-14) blockhouse.
Original black and white photographic print: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Fowler, Calvin D.
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Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14 Blockhouse, Cape Canaveral, Florida
Dr. Calvin D. Fowler Using Periscope at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14 Blockhouse
Cape Canaveral (Fla.)
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (Fla.)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
NASA
Project Mercury (U.S.)
Launch Conductor Dr. Calvin D. Fowler posed for these publicity photographs on May 2, 1962, leading up to the launch of the Aurora 7 Mercury-Atlas 7 orbital mission, manned by Commander Scott Carpenter (1925-2013). These images are part of a series of publicity stills by General Dynamics/Astronautics division, the company responsible for Project Mercury vehicles and their launches, that were typically distributed to the media for their use. While in the blockhouse, the only way Dr. Fowler had any way of directly viewing the launchpad was through one of four periscopes. This allowed for quick direct and safe observations of the launch vehicle as it sat on the pad.
Original black and white photographic print, May 2, 1962: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
<a href="http://www.gd.com/" target="_blank">General Dynamics Corporation</a>
Fowler, Calvin D.
<a href="http://srealserver.eecs.ucf.edu/chronopoints/" target="_blank">Chronopoints</a>
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eng
Still Image
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14 Blockhouse, Cape Canaveral, Florida
Dr. Calvin D. Fowler Using Launch Console at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14 Blockhouse
Cape Canaveral (Fla.)
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (Fla.)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
NASA
Project Mercury (U.S.)
Launch Conductor Dr. Calvin D. Fowler posed for this publicity photograph on May 2, 1962, leading up tothe launch of the Aurora 7 Mercury-Atlas 7 orbital mission, manned by Commander Scott Carpenter (1925-2013). This image is part of a series of publicity stills by General Dynamics/Astronautics division, the company responsible for Project Mercury vehicles and their launches, that were typically distributed to the media for their use. Dr. Fowler is in his Launch Conductor's position in the blockhouse, where the button to ignite the Atlas rocket was located.
Original black and white photographic print, May 2, 1962: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
<a href="http://www.gd.com/" target="_blank">General Dynamics Corporation</a>
Fowler, Calvin D.
<a href="http://srealserver.eecs.ucf.edu/chronopoints/" target="_blank">Chronopoints</a>
image/jpg
eng
Still Image
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14 Blockhouse, Cape Canaveral, Florida
Dr. Calvin D. Fowler Visiting Launchpad at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14 Blockhouse
Cape Canaveral (Fla.)
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (Fla.)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
NASA
Project Mercury (U.S.)
Launch Conductor Dr. Calvin D. Fowler posed for these publicity photographs on May 2, 1962, leading up to the launch of the Aurora 7 Mercury-Atlas 7 orbital mission, manned by Commander Scott Carpenter (1925-2013). These images are part of a series of publicity stills by General Dynamics/Astronautics division, the company responsible for Project Mercury vehicles and their launches, that were typically distributed to the media for their use. Dr. Fowler is standing in front of the Mercury-Atlas vehicle as it sits on the launchpad.
Original black and white photographic print, May 2, 1962: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
<a href="http://www.gd.com/" target="_blank">General Dynamics Corporation</a>
Fowler, Calvin D.
<a href="http://srealserver.eecs.ucf.edu/chronopoints/" target="_blank">Chronopoints</a>
image/jpg
eng
Still Image
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14 Launchpad, Cape Canaveral, Florida
Dr. Calvin D. Fowler Interviewed After Astronaut Gordon Cooper's Spaceflight
Cocoa Beach (Fla.)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
NASA
Astronauts--United States
Project Mercury (U.S.)
A contemporary newspaper article about Gordon Cooper's (1927-2004) spaceflight, including an interview with Dr. Calvin D. Fowler, the man who launched him. In particular, the article discusses Cooper's most recent spaceflight on the Atlas 130D, the process of launching spacecraft into outer space, the famous aviator Wiley Post, and Project Mercury.
Original newspaper article: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Fowler, Calvin D.
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eng
Text
Cocoa Beach, Florida
Dr. Calvin D. Fowler and Wayne Reid at Launch Conductor's Workstation in Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14
Cape Canaveral (Fla.)
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (Fla.)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
NASA
<span><span>Dr. Calvin D. Fowler</span></span> sitting at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14's Launch Conductor's workstation, is depicted ghere with Wayne Reid, of the Aerospace Corporation, around the time of Wally Schirra's (1923-2007) <em>Sigma 7</em> launch.
Original black and white photographic print: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Fowler, Calvin D.
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eng
Still Image
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14 Blockhouse, Cape Canaveral, Florida
Dr. Calvin D. Fowler as a Test Conductor at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 11
Cape Canaveral (Fla.)
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (Fla.)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
NASA
Atlas (Missile)
Before being manager of Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14 and launching three astronauts into space, Dr. Calvin D. Fowler worked as a test conductor for Atlas missile tests at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 11.
Original black and white photographic print, December 1960: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Fowler, Calvin D.
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Still Image
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 11, Cape Canaveral, Florida
Dr. Calvin D. Fowler Trying on a Space Suit at John F. Kennedy Space Center
Merritt Island (Fla.)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
NASA
Kennedy Space Center
John F. Kennedy Space Center
Dr. Calvin D. Fowler, the man who launched three of the Mercury-Atlas missions to orbit the Earth, trying on a Apollo-era space suit at the John F. Kennedy Space Center in Merritt Island, Florida.
Original black and white photographic print: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Fowler, Calvin D.
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eng
Still Image
John F. Kennedy Space Center, Merritt Island, Florida
Astronaut Gordon Cooper and Dr. Calvin D. Fowler Signing Rocket
Cape Canaveral (Fla.)
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (Fla.)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
NASA
Atlas (Missile)
Astronauts--United States
Gordon Cooper (1927-2004) and Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14 launch manager Dr. Calvin D. Fowler sign the Atlas rocket, which would launch <em>Faith 7</em> into orbit. Dr. Fowler and Cooper were at the General Dynamics/Astronautics factory in San Diego, California, to accept the Atlas booster. Cooper was to be the final astronaut of Project Mercury, as it paved the way for Project Gemini. Dr. Fowler would manage the spacecraft preparation and ignite the Atlas launch vehicle. Cooper would become, for a short time, the space endurance record holder.
Original black and white photographic print, April 1963: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Fowler, Calvin D.
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eng
Still Image
General Dynamics/Astronautics Factory, San Diego, California
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14, Cape Canaveral, Florida
Major General Ben Ivan Funk Presents Award Citations to T. J. Joseph O'Malley and Dr. Calvin D. Fowler
Cape Canaveral (Fla.)
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (Fla.)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
NASA
Air Force
Major General Ben Ivan Funk (1913-2012), of the U.S. Air Force, presents citations noting service to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) space program to aerospace engineer T. J. Joseph O'Malley and Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14 (LC-14) Manager Dr. Calvin D. Fowler. Photographed, from left to right, is O'Malley, Maj. Gen. Funk, and Dr. Fowler.
Original black and white photographic print: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Fowler, Calvin D.
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eng
Still Image
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14 Blockhouse, Cape Canaveral, Florida
Space Systems Division Headquarters, Air Force Systems Command, United States Air Force, El Segundo, California
Astronaut Gordon Cooper and Dr. Calvin D. Fowler at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14
Cape Canaveral (Fla.)
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (Fla.)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
NASA
Astronauts--United States
Gordon Cooper (1927-2004) with Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14's manager Dr. Calvin D. Fowler, who would launch Cooper into orbit, observing the rocket delivery. In the final launch of Project Mercury, Cooper's Atlas launch vehicle sat on its side before being fully assembled and lifted vertically on the gantry. The Atlas was America's first rocket capable of lifting a man into orbit. <em>Faith 7</em>'s Atlas booster eventually lifted it into orbit, allowing Cooper to circle the Earth 22.5 times.
Original black and white photographic print, April 1963: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Fowler, Calvin D.
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Still Image
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14 Launch Site, Cape Canaveral, Florida
Water Deluge System at the John F. Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39
John F. Kennedy Space Center
Kennedy Space Center
Merritt Island (Fla.)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
NASA
Apollo Project (U.S.)
Project Apollo (U.S.)
The Water Deluge System at Launch Complex 39's Launchpad A and Launchpad B, located at John F. Kennedy Space Center in Merritt Island, Florida. The Water Deluge System was used for two reasons: noise suppression and flame suppression. The system reduced both issues by releasing a torrent of water after the rocket was ignited, which reduced the sound of the rocket and damage to the launchpad from the intense heat. Launchpads A and B were built specifically for the powerful Saturn V rocket, thus there was a special need to address those issues.
Original color photographic print: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Fowler, Calvin "Cal" D.
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eng
Still Image
Launch Complex 39, John F. Kennedy Space Center, Merritt Island, Florida
Apollo-Soyuz Test Project
Apollo Soyuz Test Project
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
NASA
Apollo Project (U.S.)
Project Apollo (U.S.)
Soyuz spacecraft
An artist's rendering of the docking of spacecraft in the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (ASTP). The project was an experiment in cooperation and mating of different technologies from both the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). The Apollo spacecraft was launched from Launch Complex 39B at John F. Kennedy Space Center in Merritt Island, Florida using a Saturn IB booster and docked to a Soyuz 19 spacecraft from July 15-17, 1975. Soyuz 19 was launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome, near present-day Tyuratam, Kazakhstan. The Soviet spacecraft was in orbit for five days. This successful mission led to cooperation on other projects including the International Space Station (ISS).
Original color photographic print: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Fowler, Calvin "Cal" D.
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Still Image
Launch Complex 39B, John F. Kennedy Space Center, Merritt Island, Florida
Baikonur Cosmodrome, Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
American Crew of Apollo-Soyuz Mission
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
NASA
Apollo Project (U.S.)
Project Apollo (U.S.)
Apollo Soyuz Test Project
Slayton, Deke, 1924-1993
Slayton, Donald K., 1924-1993
Stafford, Thomas P.
Stafford, Tom
Brand, Vance
Astronauts--United States
The American crew of the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) was composed of, from left to right, Astronaut Deke Slayton (1924-1993), first-time Astronaut Vance DeVoe Brand as Command Module Pilot, and veteran Astronaut Thomas "Tom" Patten Stafford as Commander. Brand was the only member of the original Mercury 7 never to fly previously. Slayton had been grounded because of an irregular heart beat since Project Mercury and was National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Director of Flight Crew Operations, but was given clearance for this flight. These three astronauts became the first crew to dock with another nation's spacecraft, the the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics' (USSR) Soyuz 19, thus establishing a precedent for international cooperation in space. This image was autographed for Dr. Cal Fowler (1929-2013), who had pressed the button to ignite the engines of three Mercury-Atlas missions.
Original color photographic print: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Fowler, Calvin "Cal" D.
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Still Image
Launch Complex 39B, John F. Kennedy Space Center, Merritt Island, Florida
Saturn V Rocket at John F. Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39A
Saturn V (Satellite)
John F. Kennedy Space Center
Kennedy Space Center
Merritt Island (Fla.)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
NASA
Apollo Project (U.S.)
Project Apollo (U.S.)
A Saturn V rocket rolled out to the Launch Complex 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center in Merritt Island, Florida. This particular rocket is suspected to be the full-scale mockup (SA-500F) used in 1966 to test vehicle assembly, fueling, and the crawler system of transporting it to the launchpad. The crawlers transported both the vehicle and the Launch Umbilical Tower (LUT) to the launchpad. In this photo, Launch Complex 41 is visible to the south.
Original black and white photographic print: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Fowler, Calvin "Cal" D.
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Still Image
Launch Complex 39A, John F. Kennedy Space Center, Merritt Island, Florida
Apollo 15 Lunar Rover on the Moon
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
NASA
Apollo Project (U.S.)
Project Apollo (U.S.)
Apollo 15 (Spacecraft)
Lunar rovers
Astronauts--United States
Moon
A Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV) from Apollo 15 on the Moon. Manned by astronauts David Scott (1932-), Alfred Worden (1932-), and James Irwin (1930-1991), Apollo 15 was launched from the Launch Complex 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center in Merritt Island, Florida, on July 26, 1971. This was the first lunar mission equipped with a LRV, or Lunar Rover. This allowed astronauts with unprecedented capabilities to move around the Moon's surface, as they traveled 17.5 miles during their time on the surface. Apollo 15 returned to Earth on August 7.
Original black and white photographic prints, 1971: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Fowler, Calvin "Cal" D.
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Still Image
Launch Complex 39A, John F. Kennedy Space Center, Merritt Island, Florida
Lunar Surface, 1975
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
NASA
Apollo Project (U.S.)
Project Apollo (U.S.)
Apollo 15 (Spacecraft)
Moon
The surface of the Moon in 1975. Manned by astronauts David Scott (1932-), Alfred Worden (1932-), and James Irwin (1930-1991), Apollo 15 was launched from Launch Complex 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center in Merritt Island, Florida, on July 26, 1971. This was the first lunar mission equipped with a LRV, or Lunar Rover. This allowed astronauts with unprecedented capabilities to move around the Moon's surface, as they traveled 17.5 miles during their time on the surface. Apollo 15 returned to Earth on August 7.
Original black and white photographic print, 1975: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Fowler, Calvin "Cal" D.
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Still Image
Launch Complex 39A, John F. Kennedy Space Center, Merritt Island, Florida
Apollo 17: The Beginning...Not the End
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
NASA
Apollo Project (U.S.)
Project Apollo (U.S.)
Apollo 17 (Spacecraft)
Astronauts--United States
Saturn V (Satellite)
Cernan, Eugene
Schmitt, Harrison H.
Evans, Ronald E., 1933-1990
A commemorative card featuring the crew of Apollo 17, the mission logo, a drawing of the Saturn V, and the slogan "The Beginning…Not The End." Apollo 17 was the 11th manned Apollo mission, the sixth to put astronauts on the Moon, and the final mission of Project Apollo. Apollo 17 launched from Launch Complex 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center in Merritt Island, Florida, on December 7, 1972, and returned on December 19. Photographed, from left to right, is Lunar Module Pilot Harrison Schmitt (1935-), Command Module Pilot Ronald Evans (1933-1990), and Mission Commander Eugene Cernan (1934-).
Original color photographic print: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Fowler, Calvin "Cal" D.
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Still Image
John F. Kennedy Space Center, Merritt Island, Florida
Apollo 8 Photoset
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
NASA
Apollo Project (U.S.)
Project Apollo (U.S.)
Earth
Moon
An envelope for a photoset of Apollo 8 missions. The envelope includes a reproduction of the Earthrise photograph showing a view of Earth from the Moon. This iconic photograph was taken by the crew of Apollo 8, the first manned spacecraft to leave Earth's orbit and the first to orbit another celestial body, the Moon. Apollo 8 launched from Launch Complex 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center in Merritt Island, Florida, on December 21, 1968.. The spacecraft would was manned by Mission Commander Frank Borman (1928-), Lunar Module Pilot William Anders (1933-), and Command Module Pilot Jim Lovell (1928-). Apollo 8 returned to Earth on December 27.
Original envelope: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Fowler, Calvin "Cal" D.
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image/jpg
Text
Launch Complex 39A, John F. Kennedy Space Center, Merritt Island, Florida
The Historic Flight of Apollo 8: A Journey to the Moon
John F. Kennedy Space Center
Kennedy Space Center
Merritt Island (Fla.)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
NASA
Apollo Project (U.S.)
Project Apollo (U.S.)
Apollo 8 (Spacecraft)
Saturn V (Satellite)
A history of Apollo 8, the first manned spacecraft to leave Earth's orbit and the first to orbit another celestial body, the Moon. Apollo 8 launched from Launch Complex 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center in Merritt Island, Florida, on December 21, 1968.. The spacecraft would was manned by Mission Commander Frank Borman (1928-), Lunar Module Pilot William Anders (1933-), and Command Module Pilot Jim Lovell (1928-). Apollo 8 returned to Earth on December 27.
Original color photographic print: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Fowler, Calvin "Cal" D.
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Still Image
Launch Complex 39A, John F. Kennedy Space Center, Merritt Island, Florida
Project Mercury Test and Launch Engineers in Front of Mercury-Atlas 1
Cape Canaveral (Fla.)
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (Fla.)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
NASA
Atlas (Missile)
The engineering management team in front of Mercury-Atlas 1, an unmanned test rocket Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCFAS) in Cape Canaveral, Florida, in July of 1960. This was the first test of an Atlas D booster along with a Mercury capsule. The test was a failure, as the rocket exploded shortly after launch. Photographed standing, from left to right, are Curt Johnson, Test Conductor for Launchpad 14; T. J. O'Malley (1915-2009), Test Conductor for Launchpad 11; Trav Maloy, Chief Test Conductor for CCAFS; Bill Taylor, Test Conductor for Launchpad 12; Walt Hicks, Data Analyst; and Jack Moline, Test Conductor for Launchpad 13. Kneeling, from the left to right, are Orion Reed, Complex Engineer for Launchpad 12; John Hughes, Complex Engineer for Launchpad 13; Bobby Danner, Missile Engineer for Launchpad 12; Dr. Cal Fowler (1929-2013), Missile Engineer for Launchpad 14; Ernie Baldini, Missile Engineer for Launchpad 11; Ken Wilcox, Design and Hanger Checkout; John Fox, Missile Engineer for Launchpad 13; and Bill Williams, Complex Engineer for Launchpad 14. O'Malley later launched John Glenn's (1921-) <em>Friendship 7</em> rocket. Dr. Fowler later launched astronauts Scott Carpenter (1925-2013), Wally Schirra (1923-2007), and Gordon Cooper (1927-2004) into orbit.
Original color photographic print, July 1960: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Fowler, Calvin "Cal" D.
<a href="http://srealserver.eecs.ucf.edu/chronopoints/" target="_blank">Chronopoints</a>
image/jpg
Still Image
Launch Complex 14, Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Cape Canaveral, Florida
Atlas Family Chart
Atlas (Missile)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
NASA
A chart showing the four original configurations of the Atlas family of missiles: Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM), Mercury-Atlas, Atlas-Agena, Atlas-Centaur. The Atlas booster was originally developed as an ICBM in the mid-1950s. First flown in 1957, the Atlas was eventually deployed to multiple sites for the U.S. Air Force. Early in the manned space program, the Atlas was selected to place the first American astronauts into orbit. Atlas was retired as an ICBM in the early 1960s and became a civilian launch system. Atlas continued to operate as a civilian launch system until 2004, when the last of the Atlas rockets, based upon the original design, was launched.
Original chart: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Fowler, Calvin "Cal" D.
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Still Image
Launch Complex 14, Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Cape Canaveral, Florida
General Dynamics/Aeronautics, San Diego, California
Dr. Cal Fowler and Lieutenant Colonel Swazey
Francis E. Warren Air Force Base (Wyo.)
Warren Air Force Base (Wyo.)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
NASA
Lieutenant Colonel Swazey, Site Commander 566th of Francis E. Warren Air Force Base, presenting Dr. Cal Fowler (1929-2013) a Missile Expert card. Dr. Fowler, who later launched Mercury astronauts Scott Carpenter (1925-2013), Wally Schirra (1923-2007), and Gordon Cooper (1927-2004) into orbit, was working at Warren AFB testing and installing Atlas Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBM).
Original black and white photographic print: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Fowler, Calvin "Cal" D.
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Still Image
Francis E. Warren Air Force Base, Wyoming
Schirra Presented with Launch Key from Atlas Crew
Cape Canaveral (Fla.)
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (Fla.)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
NASA
Atlas (Missile)
Astronauts--United States
Project Mercury (U.S.)
A newspaper article and photograph showing Dr. Cal Fowler (1929-2013), on the left, presenting the launch key to astronaut Wally Schirra (1923-2007) Dr. Fowler, the Launch Conductor at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS)'s Launch Complex 14 (LC-14) in Cape Canaveral, Florida, used the key to launch Schirra's spacecraft, <em>Sigma 7</em>, into orbit on October 3, 1962. Mercury-Atlas 8 (MA-8) was the fifth manned space mission and was launched as part of Project Mercury.General Dynamics Astronautics, the firm which conducted the launch, had the key gold-plated and engraved with the following message: "Wally Schirra, MA-8 Orbital Launch, 10-3-62 7:15 a.m." The opposite side of the key stated: "Atlas, Launch Console Arming Key, Mercury <em>Sigma 7</em>, General Dynamics Astronautics."
Original newspaper article, 1962: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Fowler, Calvin "Cal" D.
<a href="http://srealserver.eecs.ucf.edu/chronopoints/" target="_blank">Chronopoints</a>
image/jpg
Still Image
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14, Cape Canaveral, Florida
Dr. Cal Fowler Presenting Wally Schirra with Launch Key
Cape Canaveral (Fla.)
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (Fla.)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
NASA
Atlas (Missile)
Astronauts--United States
Project Mercury (U.S.)
Dr. Cal Fowler (1929-2013), on the left, presenting the launch key to astronaut Wally Schirra (1923-2007) Dr. Fowler, the Launch Conductor at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS)'s Launch Complex 14 (LC-14) in Cape Canaveral, Florida, used the key to launch Schirra's spacecraft, <em>Sigma 7</em>, into orbit on October 3, 1962. Mercury-Atlas 8 (MA-8) was the fifth manned space mission and was launched as part of Project Mercury.<br /><br />General Dynamics Astronautics, the firm which conducted the launch, had the key gold-plated and engraved with the following message: "Wally Schirra (1923-2007), MA-8 Orbital Launch, 10-3-62 7:15 a.m." The opposite side of the key stated: "Atlas, Launch Console Arming Key, Mercury <em>Sigma 7</em>, General Dynamics Astronautics."
Original black and white photographic print, 1962: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Fowler, Calvin "Cal" D.
<a href="http://srealserver.eecs.ucf.edu/chronopoints/" target="_blank">Chronopoints</a>
image/jpg
Still Image
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14, Cape Canaveral, Florida
Wally Schirra and Others at Post-Flight Event
Cape Canaveral (Fla.)
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (Fla.)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
NASA
Atlas (Missile)
Astronauts--United States
Project Mercury (U.S.)
Astronaut Wally Schirra (1923-2007) at a post-flight event. Dr.Calvin D. Fowler, the Launch Conductor at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS)'s Launch Complex 14 (LC-14) in Cape Canaveral, Florida, presented Schirra with the key to launch Schirra's spacecraft, <em>Sigma 7</em>, into orbit on October 3, 1962. Mercury-Atlas 8 (MA-8) was the fifth manned space mission and was launched as part of Project Mercury.
Original black and white photographic print, 1962: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Fowler, Calvin "Cal" D.
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Still Image
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14, Cape Canaveral, Florida
Dr. Cal Fowler Receiving the Sapley Award
Cape Canaveral (Fla.)
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (Fla.)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
NASA
Page, George
Dr. Cal Fowler (1929-2013), Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS)'s Launch Complex 14 (LC-14) Manager, accepting the Sapley Award for the "Best (Safest Complex during 1962)" on January 23, 1963. Photographed with him, from the left to right, are Ned Mullins, Complex Foreman; an unidentified Sapley representative; Jim Stackey, Complex engineers; George Page, Missile engineers; Dr. Fowler; and B. G. MacNabb, Operations Manager.
Original black and white photographic print, January 23, 1963: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Fowler, Calvin "Cal" D.
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image/jpg
Still Image
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14, Cape Canaveral, Florida
Memento of Appreciation Presented to Dr. Cal Fowler
Cape Canaveral (Fla.)
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (Fla.)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
NASA
Project Gemini (U.S.)
Atlas (Missile)
On June 28, 1965, during Project Gemini, General Dynamics Astronautics Manager Dr. Cal Fowler (1929-2013) was presented a memento of appreciation for 10 years as a test and launch conductor at with company. At the time, Dr. Fowler was manager of Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS)'s Launch Complex 14 (LC-14) in Cape Canaveral, Florida. The Atlas-Agena unmanned launch vehicles lifted off from LC-14. The Agena upper stage was modified so the manned Project Gemini spacecraft could practice docking maneuvers with it in preparation for Project Apollo and the eventual moon landing.
Original black and white photographic print, June 28, 1965: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Fowler, Calvin "Cal" D.
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Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14, Cape Canaveral, Florida
Dinner Dance in Honor of John Herschel Glenn, Jr. and Friendship 7 Program
Cocoa (Fla.)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
NASA
Astronauts--United States
Friendship 7 (Spacecraft)
A program to a dinner dance in honor of John Glenn's (1921-) orbital flight on <em>Friendship 7</em> (MA-6), which occurred on February 20, 1962. The dinner, was sponsored by the Launch Team (which was generally composed of National Aeronautics and Space Administration, General Dynamics, the McDonnell Aircraft Corporation, and other contractor personnel) on April 23, 1962, at the Cocoa Armory, located at 308 North Fiske Boulevard in Cocoa, Florida. Signators include <em>Freedom 7</em> astronaut Alan Shepard (1923-1998), the first American in space; Luge Luetjen; Manager for McDonnell Aircraft, Paul C. Donnelly (1923-2014), NASA Engineer, Manager, Spacecraft Test Conductor for Project Mercury; Glenn, the first American to orbit the Earth; <em>Aurora 7</em> astronaut Scott Carpenter (1925-2013), the second American to orbit the Earth; <em>Mercury 7</em> astronaut Deke Slayton (1924-1993); <em>Sigma 7</em> astronaut Wally Schirra (1923-2007), the hird American to orbit Earth ; B. G. MacNabb, the Site Manager for General Dynamics Astronautics; Annie Glenn (1920-), Glenn's wife; <em>Faith 7</em> astronaut Gordon Cooper (1927-2004), the fourth American to orbit Earth; , T. J. O'Malley (1915-2009), Manager for Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS)'s Launch Complex 14 (LC-14) and Launch Conductor for General Dynamics Astronautics.
Original 4-page program, 1962: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Fowler, Calvin "Cal" D.
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Cocoa Armory, Cocoa, Florida
Gordon Cooper and Dr. Cal Fowler at Astronaut Awards Dinner
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
NASA
Astronauts--United States
<em>Faith 7</em> astronaut Gordon Cooper (1927-2004), the fourth American to orbit the Earth, with Dr. Cal Fowler (1929-2013), Launch Complex 14 (LC-14) Manager at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS) in Cape Canaveral, Florida. The two were photographed at a National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) awards dinner.
Original black and white photographic prints: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Fowler, Calvin "Cal" D.
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Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Cape Canaveral, Florida
Atlas ICBM Installation at Francis E. Warren Air Force Base
Francis E. Warren Air Force Base (Wyo.)
Warren Air Force Base (Wyo.)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
NASA
Atlas (Missile)
Francis E. Warren Air Force Base, near Cheyenne, Wyoming, was one of the earliest sites of intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) deployment. In previous deployments at Warren (Warren I and II), the U.S. Air Force installed the Atlas D in non-hardened launch site. With the Atlas E and Atlas F, the Warren III was semi-hardened in order to sustain some of the pressure effects of an atomic explosion. These sites were called "coffin sites," because the missile lay horizontal in a semi-hardened silo and were raised vertical to be launched. Much of the ballistic testing for the Atlas ICBM was conducted at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS) in Cape Canaveral, Florida.
Original black and white photographic prints: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Fowler, Calvin "Cal" D.
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Francis E. Warren Air Force Base, Wyoming
Atlas ICBM Fueling Test at Fairchild Air Force Base
Fairchild Air Force Base (Wash.)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
NASA
Atlas (Missile)
Fairchild Air Force Base was the location for this early fueling test of an Atlas intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM), which was likely an Atlas E or Atlas F. As one of the early locations for ICBM deployment, Fairchild AFB deployed Atlas E/F missiles in "coffin sites," because the missile was stored horizontally in a semi-hardened silo until launch. Much of the ballistic testing for the Atlas ICBM was conducted at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS) in Cape Canaveral, Florida.
Original black and white photographic prints: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Fowler, Calvin "Cal" D.
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Fairchild Air Force Base, Washington
Atlas ICBM at Francis E. Warren Air Force Base
Francis E. Warren Air Force Base (Wyo.)
Warren Air Force Base (Wyo.)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
NASA
Atlas (Missile)
Amongst the first operational intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) sites in the United States, Warren I was an above-ground "soft site" for launching the missiles at Warren Air Force Base in Wyoming. The missiles were stored at ground level and with minimal protection from a preemptive strike. The missile was the "D" variant of the Atlas missile, which was later man-rated for use in Project Mercury by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Warren I had the missile clustered closely around the launch control blockhouse because this variant of the missile required direct guidance control.
Original black and white photographic prints: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Fowler, Calvin "Cal" D.
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Francis E. Warren Air Force Base, Wyoming
Atlas ICBM Test Launch
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
NASA
ICBM
Missiles
A test launch of an Atlas Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM) from an indeterminate location. In the photograph, one can see the engines ignited and liquid oxygen venting against the night sky. First flown in 1957, the Atlas was eventually deployed to multiple sites for the U.S. Air Force. Early in the manned space program, the Atlas was selected to place the first American astronauts into orbit. Atlas was retired as an ICBM in the early 1960s and became a civilian launch system. Atlas continued to operate as a civilian launch system until 2004, when the last of the Atlas rockets, based upon the original design, was launched.
Original black and white photographic print: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Fowler, Calvin "Cal" D.
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Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14, Cape Canaveral, Florida
Dr. Cal Fowler Presenting the Atlas E Model to Eugene Martin Zuckert
Francis E. Warren Air Force Base (Wyo.)
Warren Air Force Base (Wyo.)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
NASA
Atlas (Missile)
Zuckert, Eugene M., 1911-2000
Dr. Cal Fowler (1929-2013), photographed on the right, presenting Secretary of the Air Force Eugene M. Zuckert (1911-2000) with a model of the Atlas E missile in honor of the completion and activation of the Warren III missile site. Warren III was a semi-hardened (the missile was some what protected by a concrete bunker) so-called "coffin site," where the missile was stored horizontal in a shallow bunker but erected for launch. The Atlas E Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM) was significant because it had inertial guidance that allowed for launchers to be spread over larger areas.
Original black and white photographic print: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Fowler, Calvin "Cal" D.
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Francis E. Warren Air Force Base, Wyoming
Dr. Cal Fowler Strategic Air Command
Francis E. Warren Air Force Base (Wyo.)
Warren Air Force Base (Wyo.)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
NASA
Dr. Cal Fowler (1929-2013) and other unidentified workers at the Strategic Air Command (SAC), during the period that it was located at Francis E. Warren Air Force Base near Cheyenne, Wyoming. Dr. Fowler later transferred back to Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS) in Cape Canaveral, Florida, and launched three of America's Mercury 7 astronauts into orbit in Mercury-Atlas missions.
Original black and white photographic print: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Fowler, Calvin "Cal" D.
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Francis E. Warren Air Force Base, Wyoming
Mercury-Atlas Press Release
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
NASA
Project Mercury (U.S.)
Astronauts--United States
General Dynamics/Astronautics
Cooper, Leroy Gordon, 1927-2004
Cooper, Gordon, 1927-2004
A press release announcing that astronaut Gordon Cooper (1927-2004) was at the General Dynamics/Astronautics plant in San Diego, California, to inspect the Atlas rocket that would carry his Mercury mission into orbit. Also in attendance was Dr. Cal Fowler (1929-2013), who was the Launch Complex 14 manager and launch conductor at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS) in Cape Canaveral, Florida. The press release noted that Cooper was the first Mercury-Atlas astronaut to inspect the vehicle at the plant. Cooper would later ride the Mercury-Atlas vehicle into orbit on May 15, 1963, and circle the Earth 22 and a half times.
Original 1-page typewritten press release, May 1963: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
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Fowler, Calvin "Cal" D.
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General Dynamics/Aeronautics, San Diego, California
Apollo 8 Crew: James A. Lovell, Jr., William A. Anders, Frank Borman
John F. Kennedy Space Center
Kennedy Space Center
Merritt Island (Fla.)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
NASA
Apollo Project (U.S.)
Project Apollo (U.S.)
Astronauts--United States
Lovell, James A.
Lovell, Jim
Anders, William Alison, 1933-
Borman, Frank, 1928-
The Apollo 8 crew, consisting of Command Module Pilot Jim Lovell (1928-), Lunar Module Pilot William Anders (1933-), and Mission Commander Frank Borman (1928-). John F. Kennedy Space Center in Merritt Island, Florida, on December 21, 1968. Apollo 8 was the first manned spacecraft to leave Earth's orbit and the first to orbit another celestial body, the Moon. Apollo 8 returned to Earth on December 27.
Original color photographic print: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Fowler, Calvin "Cal" D.
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Launch Complex 39A, John F. Kennedy Space Center, Merritt Island, Florida
Cake in Honor of John Herschel Glenn, Jr. and Friendship 7
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
NASA
Project Mercury (U.S.)
Astronauts--United States
Friendship 7 (Spacecraft)
Glenn, John, 1921-
Landwirth, Henri
Cakes
At an event in honor of the return of astronaut John Glenn (1921-), who had become the first American to orbit the Earth, Henri Landwirth (1927-), a hotelier in the area, had a cake baked. The cake was between 700-900 pounds and shaped like the <em>Friendship 7</em> Mercury capsule. Landwirth had the cake baked in mid-January of 1962 for Glenn's expected launch. However, <em>Friendship 7</em> was delayed and did not launch until February 20. Landwirth had to improvise refrigeration of the cake in the delivery truck by using airconditioners, to assure it did not spoil. On February 23, Glenn arrived back at Cape Canaveral, Florida.
Original color photographic prints, February 23, 1963: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Fowler, Calvin "Cal" D.
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Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Cape Canaveral, Florida
John F. Kennedy Space Center's Launch Complex 39 Water Control System
John F. Kennedy Space Center
Kennedy Space Center
Merritt Island (Fla.)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
NASA
Apollo Project (U.S.)
Project Apollo (U.S.)
Chart showing the Launch Complex 39 Water Control System at John F. Kennedy Space Center in Merritt Island, Florida. This system is used to cool the pad and suppress noise during launch.
Original chart: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Fowler, Calvin "Cal" D.
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John F. Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39, Merritt Island, Florida
Dr. Cal Fowler
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
NASA
Project Mercury (U.S.)
Atlas (Missile)
Dr. Cal Fowler (1929-2013), an engineer/manager who was deeply involved in early rocket development and manned space flight. He participated in the development of the Atlas missile and Mercury-Atlas manned launch vehicle. As manager of Launch Complex 14 (LC-14), at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS) in Cape Canaveral, Florida, Dr. Fowler personally pushed the button to launch the final three missions of Project Mercury. He continued to participate in missile and rocket development, as well as launches.
Original black and white photographic print: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Fowler, Calvin "Cal" D.
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Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14, Cape Canaveral, Florida
Dr. Cal Fowler, 1960
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
NASA
Project Mercury (U.S.)
Atlas (Missile)
Dr. Cal Fowler (1929-2013), an engineer/manager who was deeply involved in early rocket development and manned space flight. This photograph was taken while he was at Warren Air Force Base, where he was Chief of Activation Engineering for the installation of the Atlas Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM). Dr. Fowler participated in the development of the Atlas missile and Mercury-Atlas manned launch vehicle. As manager of Launch Complex 14 (LC-14), at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS) in Cape Canaveral, Florida, Dr. Fowler personally pushed the button to launch the final three missions of Project Mercury. He continued to participate in missile and rocket development, as well as launches.
Original black and white photographic print, August 1960: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Fowler, Calvin "Cal" D.
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Francis E. Warren Air Force Base, Wyoming
Engineer Dr. Cal Fowler
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
NASA
Project Mercury (U.S.)
Atlas (Missile)
Dr. Cal Fowler (1929-2013), an engineer/manager who was deeply involved in early rocket development and manned space flight. He participated in the development of the Atlas missile and Mercury-Atlas manned launch vehicle. As manager of Launch Complex 14 (LC-14), at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS) in Cape Canaveral, Florida, Dr. Fowler personally pushed the button to launch the final three missions of Project Mercury. He continued to participate in missile and rocket development, as well as launches.
Original black and white photographic print: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Fowler, Calvin "Cal" D.
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Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14, Cape Canaveral, Florida
Countdown "Key" Given to Schirra by Convair Crew
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
NASA
Project Mercury (U.S.)
Astronauts--United States
Schirra, Wally
Schirra, Walter M. (Walter Marty), 1923-2007
A newspaper article about Dr. Cal Fowler (1929-2013) and B. G. MacNabb presenting an engraved launch key to astronaut Wally Schirra (1923-2007) Dr. Fowler, the Launch Conductor at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS)'s Launch Complex 14 (LC-14) in Cape Canaveral, Florida, used the key to launch Schirra's spacecraft, <em>Sigma 7</em>, into orbit on October 3, 1962. Mercury-Atlas 8 (MA-8) was the fifth manned space mission and was launched as part of Project Mercury.<br /><br />General Dynamics Astronautics, the firm which conducted the launch, had the key gold-plated and engraved with the following message: "Wally Schirra (1923-2007), MA-8 Orbital Launch, 10-3-62 7:15 a.m." The opposite side of the key stated: "Atlas, Launch Console Arming Key, Mercury <em>Sigma 7</em>, General Dynamics Astronautics."
Original newspaper article: "Countdown 'Key' Given to Schirra by Convair Crew." 1963: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Fowler, Calvin "Cal" D.
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Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14, Cape Canaveral, Florida
Schirra Gets Memento Key for Orbits
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
NASA
Project Mercury (U.S.)
Astronauts--United States
Schirra, Wally
Schirra, Walter M. (Walter Marty), 1923-2007
A newspaper article about Dr. Cal Fowler (1929-2013) and B. G. MacNabb presenting an engraved launch key to astronaut Wally Schirra (1923-2007) Dr. Fowler, the Launch Conductor at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS)'s Launch Complex 14 (LC-14) in Cape Canaveral, Florida, used the key to launch Schirra's spacecraft, <em>Sigma 7</em>, into orbit on October 3, 1962. Mercury-Atlas 8 (MA-8) was the fifth manned space mission and was launched as part of Project Mercury.<br /><br />General Dynamics Astronautics, the firm which conducted the launch, had the key gold-plated and engraved with the following message: "Wally Schirra, MA-8 Orbital Launch, 10-3-62 7:15 a.m." The opposite side of the key stated: "Atlas, Launch Console Arming Key, Mercury <em>Sigma 7</em>, General Dynamics Astronautics."
Original newspaper article: "Schirra Gets Memento Key for Orbits." 1963: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Fowler, Calvin "Cal" D.
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Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14, Cape Canaveral, Florida