Bonnie Georgiadis at an Archeological dig at Weeki Wachee Springs, July, 1970.
Weeki Wachee Springs (Fla.)
Tourism--Florida
Photograph albums--1960-1970
tourism & museum
Tourism--1960-1980
Mermaids--Florida--Weeki Wachee--History
Theater--20th century
Burial--United States--History
Native American art and culture
Archeological investigations
University of Florida
Bonnie Georgiadis assisting an archeological dig of a Native American burial mound at Weeki Wachee Springs in July of 1970. She is using archeological tools to uncover a vase. The dig was conducted by the University of Florida.<br /><br /> Along with a group of investors, Newton Perry opened Weeki Wachee Springs to the public in October of 1947. At the time, roadside attractions were becoming popular stops along Florida roadways. The attraction consisted of an amalgamation of vendors, an orchid garden, a river boat tour, as well as the star attraction: a mermaid show that took place in an underwater theater. Eventually, the May Museum of the Tropics, an "abandoned Seminole village", a show called “Birds of Prey”, and a petting zoo were added. After peaking in the 1950s and 1960s, attendance began to decline as theme parks and highways changed the dynamics of Florida's tourism. The State of Florida took over the attraction as a state park in 2008. Since then, the park has focused on appealing to a modern audience while preserving its history.
Schumacher, Sparky
Original color photograph by Sparky Schumacher, July,1970: Private Collection of Weeki Wachee Springs State Park.
<a href="https://riches.cah.ucf.edu/">RICHES</a>
image/jpeg
eng
Still Image
Weeki Wachee Springs State Park, Spring Hill, Florida
Bonnie Georgiadis
Weeki Wachee Springs (Fla.)
Tourism--Florida
Excavations (Archaeology)--Florida
Springs--Florida
Parks--Florida
Bonnie Georgiadis assisting an archeological dig of a Native American burial mound at Weeki Wachee Springs in July of 1970. She is using archeological tools to uncover a vase. The dig was conducted by the University of Florida.<br /><br />
Along with a group of investors, Newton Perry opened Weeki Wachee Springs to the public in October of 1947. At the time, roadside attractions were becoming popular stops along Florida roadways. The attraction consisted of an amalgamation of vendors, an orchid garden, a river boat tour, as well as the star attraction: a mermaid show that took place in an underwater theater. Eventually, the May Museum of the Tropics, an "abandoned Seminole village", a show called “Birds of Prey”, and a petting zoo were added. After peaking in the 1950s and 1960s, attendance began to decline as theme parks and highways changed the dynamics of Florida's tourism. The State of Florida took over the attraction as a state park in 2008. Since then, the park has focused on appealing to a modern audience while preserving its history.
Schumacher, Elmer "Sparky"
Original color photograph by Elmer "Sparky" Schumacher: <a href="https://weekiwachee.com/">Weeki Wachee Springs State Park</a> Weeki Wachee, Florida.
<a href="https://riches.cah.ucf.edu/">RICHES</a>
image/jpg
eng
Still Image
Weeki Wachee Springs State Park, Weeki Wachee, Florida
45th Infantry Division Insignia
World War II, 1939-1945
Army
The insignia for the U.S. Army's 45th Infantry Division. The original insignia was approved in August of 1924 and featured a swastika, which was a symbol commonly used by Native Americans from the Mississippian culture. With the rise of Germany's Nazi Party, which also used a swastika, the 45th Division retired its original insignia and replaced it in 1939 with another Native American symbol called the Thunderbird.<br /><br />A notable member of the 45th Infantry Division during World War II. Sergeant John B. Hancock (1913-1944) was born in Thomasville, Georgia, in 1913, but later migrated to Auburndale, Florida. Hancock managed a Great Atlantic &
Pacific Tea Company (A&
P) store in Haines City until he enlisted in the 45th Infantry Division's 179th Infantry Regiment. Sgt. Hancock served initially in Africa in 1943, until the 45th Infantry Division's participation in the Allied invasion of Sicily, codenamed Operation Husky. The division then went on to participate in the Allied invasion of Italy, where Sgt. Hancock was injured. He was returned to duty in February of 1944 in southern France. On November 1, 1944, Sgt. Hancock went Missing in Action (MIA) after serving in the Allied invasion of Southern France, codenamed Operation Dragoon. He was eventually buried at Epinal American Cemetery and Memorial in Dinozé, France.
Photocopy of original insignia: Private Collection of Linda Hughes.
Hughes, Linda
image/jpg
Still Image
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
45th Infantry Division Insignias
World War II, 1939-1945
Army
The shoulder sleeve insignia for the U.S. Army's 45th Infantry Division. The original insignia, photographed on the right, was approved in August of 1924 and featured a swastika, which was a symbol commonly used by Native Americans from the Mississippian culture. With the rise of Germany's Nazi Party, which also used a swastika, the 45th Division retired its original insignia and replaced it in 1939 with another Native American symbol called the Thunderbird, photographed on the left and on the bottom.<br /><br />A notable member of the 45th Infantry Division during World War II was Private Rufus H. Lennon Jr. Lennon (1921-1944), a soldier from Bradenton, Florida. Lennon was born in 1921 to Rufus H. Lennon, Sr. and Bertha Lennon. On November 21, 1940, he enlisted into the U.S. Army at the age of 19. Pvt. Lennon served in the 180th Infantry Regiment of the 45th Infantry Division. Pvt. Lennon died in battle on September 21, 1944 in Lorraine, France, and was awarded a Purple Heart, Combat Infantryman Badge, American Campaign Medal, and the World War II Victory Medal.
Original <a href="http://www.m38a1.com/Misc-MV/thunderbirds.htm" target="_blank">color photograph</a>.
Routh, Ross H.
image/jpg
Still Image
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
Florida Historical Quarterly, Episode 28: Vol. 94, No. 3, Winter 2016
Slavery--Florida
Native Americans
Civil War, U.S., 1861-1865
Prisons--United States
This podcast features an interview with Dr. James G. Cusick, the curator of the P. K. Yonge Library of Florida History at the University of Florida Library and author of <em>The Other War of 1812: The Patriot War and the American Invasion of Spanish East Florida</em>, published by the University of Georgia Press. He edited the special issue on the first part of the 19th century. In this podcast, Dr. Cusick discusses the authors and articles that appear in this issue.
Murphree, Daniel S.
Original 27-minute and 9-second audio podcast by Daniel S. Murphree, 2016: <a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>, Florida Historical Society, Cocoa, Florida.
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>
Cusick, James G.
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/default" target="_blank">Florida Historical Society</a>
<a href="http://history.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">University of Central Florida, Department of History</a>
audio/mp3
eng
Sound
Elmira Prison, Elmira, New York
Andersonville Prison, Andersonville, Georgia
Jacksonville, Florida
Florida Historical Quarterly, Episode 27: Vol. 94, No. 2, Fall 2015
Slavery--Florida
Native Americans
This episode features an interview with John Paul Nuño from California State University at Northridge about this article, "República de Bandidos: Challenges to Emergent Racial Hierarchies in the Florida Borderlands in the Early Nineteenth Century," published in this issue of <em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em>.
Murphree, Daniel S.
Original 28-minute and 39-second audio podcast by Daniel S. Murphree, 2015: <a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>, Florida Historical Society, Cocoa, Florida.
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>
Nuño, John Paul
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/default" target="_blank">Florida Historical Society</a>
<a href="http://history.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">University of Central Florida, Department of History</a>
audio/mp3
eng
Sound
Prospect Bluff Fort, Wewahitchka, Florida
Florida Historical Quarterly, Episode 23: Vol. 93, No. 2, Fall 2014
U.S. Army
Seminole War, 2nd, 1835-1842
Diseases--United States
This episode features an interview with C. S. Monaco about This article in the Fall 2014 issue of <em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em> titled "'Wishing that Right May Prevail': Ethan Allen Hitchcock and the Florida War." In this podcast, Monaco also discussed This current research on the Second Seminole War and the creative questions and debates that surround this period of Florida history.
Murphree, Daniel S.
Original 25-minute and 22-second audio podcast by Daniel S. Murphree, 2014: <a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>, Florida Historical Society, Cocoa, Florida.
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>
Monaco, C. S.
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/default" target="_blank">Florida Historical Society</a>
<a href="http://history.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">University of Central Florida, Department of History</a>
audio/mp3
eng
Sound
Florida
Florida Historical Quarterly, Episode 20: Vol. 92, No. 3, Winter 2014
Tallahassee (Fla.)
St. Augustine (Fla.)
Catholic Church--Florida
Native Americans
Piracy--United States
This episode features an interview with Dr. Jane Landers, who was the guest editor of the Special Issue of <em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em> that examines 17th-century Florida. This is the second of a six-part special issue that will examine the Quintessential of Ponce De Leon's first visit to Florida.
Murphree, Daniel S.
Original 18-minute and 43-second audio podcast by Daniel S. Murphree, 2014: <a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>, Florida Historical Society, Cocoa, Florida.
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>
Landers Jane
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/default" target="_blank">Florida Historical Society</a>
<a href="http://history.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">University of Central Florida, Department of History</a>
audio/mp3
eng
Sound
Mission San Luis de Apalachee, Tallahassee, Florida
Castillo de San Marcos. St. Augustine, Florida
Florida Historical Quarterly, Episode 16: Vol. 91, No. 3, Winter 2013
St. Augustine (Fla.)
Explorers--Florida
Diseases--United States
For this episode, FHQ Assistant Editor Dr. Daniel S. Murphree interviewed Dr. Paul Hoffman, Paul W. and Nancy W. Murrill Professor of History at Louisiana State University. Professor Hoffman is the guest editor for this special issue, the first of a series of issues that re-examines the five hundred years of Florida history since the landing of Ponce de Leon in 1513. He is also the author of "The Historiography of Sixteenth-Century La Florida," which appeared in this issue of <em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em>. This issue addresses Florida during the 16th century, and four more issues will be published over the next four years to re-examine subsequent centuries in Florida history.
Murphree, Daniel S.
Original 29-minute and 2-second audio podcast by Daniel S. Murphree, 2013: <a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>, Florida Historical Society, Cocoa, Florida.
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>
Hoffman, Paul
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/default" target="_blank">Florida Historical Society</a>
<a href="http://history.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">University of Central Florida, Department of History</a>
audio/mp3
eng
Sound
St. Augustine, Florida
Jacksonville, Florida
Florida Historical Quarterly, Episode 10: Vol. 90, No. 1, Summer 2011
Pensacola (Fla.)
Crime--Florida
Law enforcement--Florida
Police--Florida
Race relations--United States
This is the podcast for the Summer 2011 issue of <em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em>. The issue features the 2010 Friends of the Florida Historical Society Keynote Lecture "The First Coming of Judeo-Christian Religion to Florida" by Michael Gannon in addition to the articles "Blue Water, Brown Water, and Confederate Disloyalty: The Peculiar and Personal Naval Conflict in South Florida during the Civil War" by Irvin D. S. Winsboro and William B. Mack and "The Catholic Diocese of Miami and African American Desegregation, 1958-1977" by Mark Newman. This podcast features an interview with James M. Denham whose article "Crime and Punishment in Antebellum Pensacola," is also in the Summer issue. Professor Denham is the Director of Lawton M. Chiles Center for Florida History at Florida Southern College. In addition, Professor Raymond A. Mohl, Distinguished Professor at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, was interviewed for this podcast. Dr. Mohl spoke about the life and legacy of Stetson Kennedy who passed away on August 27, 2011, at the age of 94.
Lester, Connie L.
Cassanello, Robert
Murphree, Daniel S.
Original 21-minute and 49-second audio podcast by Connie Lester, Robert Cassanello, and Daniel S. Murphree, 2011: <a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>, Florida Historical Society, Cocoa, Florida.
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>
Denham, James M.
Mohl, Raymond A.
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/default" target="_blank">Florida Historical Society</a>
<a href="http://history.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">University of Central Florida, Department of History</a>
audio/mp3
eng
Sound
Pensacola, Florida
Florida Historical Quarterly, Episode 6: Vol. 89, No. 1, Summer 2010
Authors--Florida
Literature
Native Americans
This podcast features an interview with Gilbert C. Din, Professor Emeritus at Fort Lewis College in Durango, Colorado. He is the author of several books on colonial Louisiana and a frequent contributor to <em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em>. This podcast features an interview with him about This work on William Augustus Bowles and about This article that appeared in this issue of the <em>FHQ</em>, titled "William Augustus Bowles on the Gulf Coast, 1787-1803: Unraveling a Labyrinthine Conundrum."
Lester, Connie L.
Murphree, Daniel S.
Original 16-minute and 12-second audio podcast by Connie Lester and Daniel S. Murphree, 2010: <a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>, Florida Historical Society, Cocoa, Florida.
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>
Din, Gilbert C.
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/default" target="_blank">Florida Historical Society</a>
<a href="http://history.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">University of Central Florida, Department of History</a>
audio/mp3
eng
Sound
Mikasuke, Florida
Florida Historical Quarterly, Episode 4: Vol. 88, No. 3, Winter 2010
Army
Seminole War, 1st, 1817-1818
Native Americans
This podcast features an interview with Daniel Feller, Professor of History and Editor/Director of The Papers of Andrew Jackson. He gave the 2010 Catherine Prescott Lecture for the Florida Historical Society (FHS), which became an article in this issue of <em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em>. This article is titled "The Seminole Controversy Revisited: A New Look At Andrew Jackson's 1818 Florida Campaign."
Lester, Connie L.
Cassanello, Robert
Original 19-minute and 31-second audio podcast by Connie Lester and Robert Cassanello, 2010: <a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>, Florida Historical Society, Cocoa, Florida.
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>
Feller, Daniel
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/default" target="_blank">Florida Historical Society</a>
<a href="http://history.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">University of Central Florida, Department of History</a>
audio/mp3
eng
Sound
Chattahoochee, Florida
Fort Gadsden, Wewahitchka, Florida
Tallahassee, Florida
Miccosukee, Florida
Fort St. Marks, Crawfordville, Florida
Fort Barrancas, Pensacola, Florida
Florida Historical Quarterly, Episode 3: Vol. 88, No. 2, Fall 2009
Hastings (Fla.)
Libraries--Florida
This podcast features an interview with Nancy J. Levine, Associate Professor of English at the University of North Florida. Professor Levine and her class recorded the history of the Hastings Library, a collaborative effort that is chronicled in an article in this issue of <em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em>, titled "Florida Classroom: Tea Sets, Tractors and T-1 Lines: The Survival of a Small Town Library: The Hastings Branch Library, Hastings, Florida."
Lester, Connie L.
Cassanello, Robert
Original 14-minute and 19-second audio podcast by Connie Lester and Robert Cassanello, 2009: <a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>, Florida Historical Society, Cocoa, Florida.
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>
Levin, Nancy J.
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/default" target="_blank">Florida Historical Society</a>
<a href="http://history.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">University of Central Florida, Department of History</a>
audio/mp3
eng
Sound
Hastings Branch Library, Hastings, Florida
Oral History of the Florida High-Tech Corridor Council
High technology--United States
Colleges
Universities
Orlando (Fla.)
Tampa (Fla.)
Gainesville (Fla.)
An oral history interview of John C. Hitt, Randolph E. Berridge, Dr. Peter T. Panousis, Dan Holsenbeck, Carrie Martine, and Roger Pynn regarding the Florida High Tech Corridor Council. This interview conducted by Dr. Connie L. Lester and James C. Clark at the Board Room in the Office of University of Central Florida President John C. Hitt on December 3rd, 2012. The Florida High Tech Corridor Council (FHTCC) is an economic development initiative whose mission is to foster the high technology industry in Florida's High Tech Corridor, which spans 23 counties with rich industries in aerospace engineering, modeling and simulation, optics and photonics, digital media, and medical technologies. The council consists of the University of Central Florida (UCF) in Orlando, the University of South Florida (USF) in Tampa, and the University of Florida (UF) in Gainesville. In 1996, the Florida Legislature passed an act founding the FHTCC to support the 21-county service areas of UCF and USF. Its original mission was to expand research and educational partnerships in order to retain the Cirent Semiconductor water fabrication facility located in Orlando, Florida. In 1997, the development of all technology industries across Central Florida was added to the FHTCC's mission. UF joined the partnership in 2005.<br /><br />Interview topics include: how the High Tech Corridor Council began, the Dallas-Fort Worth Corridor in Texas, Charlie Reed, reinvesting the original funding, expanding partnerships, Silicon Valley, Lynda Weatherman and economic development in Brevard County, the “Core Team” and the “Pajama Hotline,” the Florida Virtual Entrepreneur Center, serving as a model for other regions, the role of venture capitalism, workforce development, the expansion of the corridor, the impact of the business community on approval of university projects, and future challenges.
Lester, Connie L.
Hitt, John C.
Berridge, Randolph E.
Panousis, Peter T.
Holsenbeck, Dan
Clark, James C.
Martine, Carrie
Pynn, Roger
Original 1-hour, 59-minute, and 19-second oral history: Hitt, John C., Randolph E. Berridge, Dr. Peter T. Panousis, Dan Holsenbeck, Carrie Martine, and Roger Pynn. Interviewed by Dr. Connie L. Lester and James C. Clark. December 3, 2012. Audio/video record available. <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>, Orlando, Florida.
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>
Dickens, Bethany
video/mp4
application/pdf
eng
Moving Image
University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
AT&T Semiconductor Plant, Orlando, Florida
Gray-Robinson Law Firm, Orlando, Florida
Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
Silicon Valley, Sunnyvale, California
Lake Nona Medical City, Orlando, Florida
Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, Florida
Economic Development Commission of Florida's Space Coast, Rockledge, Florida
National Academy of Inventors, Tampa, Florida
Department of Economic Opportunity, Tallahassee, Florida
Florida High Tech Corridor Council, Heathrow, Florida
Harrah's Cherokee Casino, Cherokee, North Carolina
GrowFl: Florida Economic Gardening Institute, Orlando, Florida
Metro Orlando Economic Development Commission, Orlando, Florida
Florida Power & Light Company, Winter Park, Florida
Central Florida Research Park, Orlando, Florida
Fort Moultrie and Grave of Oceola, the Indian Chief Postcard
Osceola, 1804-1838
Powell, Billy, 1804-1838
Graveyards
Cemeteries--United States
Native Americans
Amerindians
Indigenous people--United States
Seminole Indians--Florida
A postcard depicting the grave of Osceola (1804-1838), a Seminole chief, in Fort Moultrie near Charleston, South Carolina. Born Billy Powell, Osceola took refuge in Florida as a child, after his tribe was defeated in the Creek Wars. In 1836, Osceola became an influential leader during the Second Seminole War, serving as an adviser to Micanopy (ca. 1780-1849). In 1936, Osceola was captured and died the following year in a prison at Fort Moultrie. The fort's current incarnation is the third built on this site on Sullivan's Island. It was built in 1809, after the first two forts on the site fell into disrepair, and was modernized in 1870, after the American Civil War. Fort Moultrie was named for Colonel William Moultrie (1730-1805), the commander who saved Charleston from British occupation in 1776.<br /><br />This postcard is part of a collection of postcards kept by Lucile Campbell, a schoolteacher in Sanford, Florida, for 30 years. In 1931, she took advantage of a special rate for teachers and sailed to Europe, where she traveled for several months and is thought to have acquired many of these postcards. During the 1940-1941 school year, Campbell taught at Sanford Grammar School. Before her retirement in 1970, she taught at many other area schools, including the Oviedo School, Westside Grammar School, and Pinecrest Elementary School. Campbell used these postcards as aids in her classrooms to teach advanced subjects, such as Shakespearean drama. The collection, along with her other teaching aids, papers, and photographs, was later found at Sanford Grammar School after it became the University of Central Florida's Public History Center. Campbell's postcard collection and photographs provide insight into the life of a respected Florida educator.
Original 3 x 5 inch color postcard: ACC# SM-00-243, file folder 1 (U.S. blanks), box 10A, Lucile (Mary Lucile) Campbell Collection, <a href="http://www.publichistorycenter.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">UCF Public History Center</a>, Sanford, Florida.
Curteich-Chicago
F. J. Martschink Company
Campbell, Lucile
application/pdf
eng
Still Image
Fort Moultrie, Sullivan's Island, Charleston, South Carolina
Hieroglyphics Postcard
Hieroglyphics
A postcard featuring hieroglyphics painted two miles outside of Adamana, Arizona. Now a ghost town with only four inhabited buildings, Adamana was once home to 30 families, and had a hotel until 1965 and a post office until 1969. It was known as the "Gateway to the Petrified Forest" because the Santa Fe Railroad stopped at the hotel and passengers stayed the night before continuing into the forest.<br /><br />This postcard is part of a collection of postcards kept by Lucile Campbell, a schoolteacher in Sanford, Florida, for 30 years. In 1931, she took advantage of a special rate for teachers and sailed to Europe, where she traveled for several months and is thought to have acquired many of these postcards. During the 1940-1941 school year, Campbell taught at Sanford Grammar School. Before her retirement in 1970, she taught at many other area schools, including the Oviedo School, Westside Grammar School, and Pinecrest Elementary School. Campbell used these postcards as aids in her classrooms to teach advanced subjects, such as Shakespearean drama. The collection, along with her other teaching aids, papers, and photographs, was later found at Sanford Grammar School after it became the University of Central Florida's Public History Center. Campbell's postcard collection and photographs provide insight into the life of a respected Florida educator.
Original 3 x 5 inch black and white postcard: ACC# SM-00-243, file folder 1 (U.S. blanks), box 10A, Lucile (Mary Lucile) Campbell Collection, <a href="http://www.publichistorycenter.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">UCF Public History Center</a>, Sanford, Florida.
Campbell, Lucile
image/jpg
eng
Still Image
Painted Desert, Adamana, Arizona
Navajo Blanket Weaver Postcard
Navajo Indians
Blankets
Weaving--United States
A postcard depicting a Navajo Basket Weaver near Adamana, Arizona. Now a ghost town with only four inhabited buildings, Adamana was once home to 30 families, and had a hotel until 1965 and a post office until 1969. It was known as the "Gateway to the Petrified Forest" because the Santa Fe Railroad stopped at the hotel and passengers stayed the night before continuing into the forest.<br /><br />This postcard is part of a collection of postcards kept by Lucile Campbell, a schoolteacher in Sanford, Florida, for 30 years. In 1931, she took advantage of a special rate for teachers and sailed to Europe, where she traveled for several months and is thought to have acquired many of these postcards. During the 1940-1941 school year, Campbell taught at Sanford Grammar School. Before her retirement in 1970, she taught at many other area schools, including the Oviedo School, Westside Grammar School, and Pinecrest Elementary School. Campbell used these postcards as aids in her classrooms to teach advanced subjects, such as Shakespearean drama. The collection, along with her other teaching aids, papers, and photographs, was later found at Sanford Grammar School after it became the University of Central Florida's Public History Center. Campbell's postcard collection and photographs provide insight into the life of a respected Florida educator.
Original 3 x 5 inch black and white postcard: ACC# SM-00-243, file folder 1 (U.S. blanks), box 10A, Lucile (Mary Lucile) Campbell Collection, <a href="http://www.publichistorycenter.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">UCF Public History Center</a>, Sanford, Florida.
H. H. Tammen Company
Campbell, Lucile
image/jpg
eng
Still Image
Painted Desert, Adamana, Arizona
Castillo de San Marcos Brochure
St. Augustine (Fla.)
Castillo de San Marcos (Saint Augustine, Fla.)
A brochure describing the history of the Castillo de San Marcos, the oldest masonry fort in the continental United States. Located at 11 South Castillo Drive in St. Augustine, Florida, the fort was designed by Ignacio Daza and constructed from 1672 to 1695, during the first Spanish period in Florida history. When the British gained control of the Florida Territory in 1763, St. Augustine became the capital of East Florida and the Castillo de San Marcos was renamed Fort St. Mark. The name was changed back in 1783 when Spain regained control of Florida. In 1821, Spain ceded Florida to the United States and the U.S. Army renamed the site Fort Marion. The fort was declared a national monument in 1924 and was deactivated as a military site in 1933. The original name of Castillo de San Marcos was restored in 1942.
Original 3 x 5 inch black and white postcard, 1958: ACC# SM-00-243, file folder 1 (U.S. blanks), box 10A, Lucile (Mary Lucile) Campbell Collection, <a href="http://www.publichistorycenter.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">UCF Public History Center</a>, Sanford, Florida.
<a href="https://www.gpo.gov/" target="_blank">U.S. Government Printing Office</a>
Campbell, Lucile
application/pdf
eng
Text
Castillo de San Marcos, St. Augustine, Florida
Hieroglyphics Showing the Original Stork Postcard
Hieroglyphics
A postcard featuring hieroglyphics showing the Original Stork, near Adamana, Arizona. Now a ghost town with only four inhabited buildings, Adamana was once home to 30 families, and had a hotel until 1965 and a post office until 1969. It was known as the "Gateway to the Petrified Forest" because the Santa Fe Railroad stopped at the hotel and passengers stayed the night before continuing into the forest.<br /><br />This postcard is part of a collection of postcards kept by Lucile Campbell, a schoolteacher in Sanford, Florida, for 30 years. In 1931, she took advantage of a special rate for teachers and sailed to Europe, where she traveled for several months and is thought to have acquired many of these postcards. During the 1940-1941 school year, Campbell taught at Sanford Grammar School. Before her retirement in 1970, she taught at many other area schools, including the Oviedo School, Westside Grammar School, and Pinecrest Elementary School. Campbell used these postcards as aids in her classrooms to teach advanced subjects, such as Shakespearean drama. The collection, along with her other teaching aids, papers, and photographs, was later found at Sanford Grammar School after it became the University of Central Florida's Public History Center. Campbell's postcard collection and photographs provide insight into the life of a respected Florida educator.
Original 3 x 5 inch black and white postcard: ACC# SM-00-243, file folder 1 (U.S. blanks), box 10A, Lucile (Mary Lucile) Campbell Collection, <a href="http://www.publichistorycenter.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">UCF Public History Center</a>, Sanford, Florida.
Campbell, Lucile
image/jpg
eng
Still Image
Painted Desert, Adamana, Arizona
Spanish Mission Historic Marker
New Smyrna Beach (Fla.)
Missions--Florida
Catholic Church--Florida
Franciscans--Florida
Native Americans
Indigenous peoples--United States
Amerindians
The historic marker for a site that was once believed to be the ruins of a Spanish mission dating back to the time of Christopher Columbus. In his book, titled <em>Debunking the So-Called Spanish Mission Near New Smyrna Beach, Volusia County, Florida</em> (1941), Captain Charles Henry Coe (1856-1954) demonstrates that the ruins were actually the Cruger and DePeyster Sugar Mill, which was located two miles west of New Smyrna, Florida. For many years, the old sugar mill was mistaken for the ruins of a Spanish mission with origins dating back to the time of Christopher Columbus. The steam sugar and saw mill was destroyed by Native Americans in 1845, just five years after it was erected. Also known as the New Smyrna Sugar Mill Ruins, the ruins are located at 600 Old Mission Road in New Smyrna Beach and were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1970. Capt. Coe requested that the marker be removed in 1941 and the State of Florida compiled, but little was known about the marker's whereabouts for rest of the century. A few decades after its removal, the marker was recovered and donated to the New Smyrna Museum of History.
Original color digital image: Private Collection of Andrew M. Foster.
Foster, Andrew M.
image/jpg
eng
Still Image
New Smyrna Sugar Mill Ruins, New Smyrna Beach, Florida
Spanish Mission Historic Marker
New Smyrna Beach (Fla.)
Missions--Florida
Catholic Church--Florida
Franciscans--Florida
Native Americans
Indigenous peoples--United States
Amerindians
The historic marker for a site that was once believed to be the ruins of a Spanish mission dating back to the time of Christopher Columbus. In his book, titled <em>Debunking the So-Called Spanish Mission Near New Smyrna Beach, Volusia County, Florida</em> (1941), Captain Charles Henry Coe (1856-1954) demonstrates that the ruins were actually the Cruger and DePeyster Sugar Mill, which was located two miles west of New Smyrna, Florida. For many years, the old sugar mill was mistaken for the ruins of a Spanish mission with origins dating back to the time of Christopher Columbus. The steam sugar and saw mill was destroyed by Native Americans in 1845, just five years after it was erected. Also known as the New Smyrna Sugar Mill Ruins, the ruins are located at 600 Old Mission Road in New Smyrna Beach and were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1970. Capt. Coe requested that the marker be removed in 1941 and the State of Florida compiled, but little was known about the marker's whereabouts for rest of the century. A few decades after its removal, the marker was recovered and donated to the New Smyrna Museum of History. This particular photograph was taken sometime before the marker was removed.
Original black and white photographs: Private Collection of Andrew M. Foster.
Foster, Andrew M.
image/jpg
eng
Still Image
New Smyrna Sugar Mill Ruins, New Smyrna Beach, Florida
Red Patriots: The Story of the Seminoles
Seminole Indians--Florida
Native Americans
Indigenous peoples--United States
Amerindians
Coe, Charles H.
An advertisement for <em>Red Patriots: The Story of the Seminoles</em>, a book by Captain Charles Henry Coe (1856-1954). Coe was born in Torrington, Connecticut, on February 3, 1856, to William Henry Coe (1824-1879), who founded the town of Glencoe, and Deborah Little Archer Coe (1824-1912). In 1874, his family migrated to Jacksonville, Florida, due to his father's poor health. At age 18, Coe began working for the Jacksonville Tri-Weekly Union. In 1875, Coe moved to New Smyrna Beach and started his first newspaper, <em>The Florida Star</em>. Coe was appointed Deputy Collector of Customs for the port at New Smyrna in 1879, after his father died. In 1880, Coe moved to Glencoe and began producing photographs. Seven years later, the moved to back to Torrington, where the met and married Emma Sophia Johnson (1846-1931). The following year, Coe moved to Asheville, North Carolina, and then later to Highlands, where the established <em>The Highlands Star</em>. In 1889, the moved to Washington, D.C. to work for the Government Printing Office (GPO).<br /><br />Coe published <em>Red Patriots: The Story of the Seminoles</em> (1898), a book about the plight of the Seminole tribe. A copy of <em>Red Patriots</em> was given to every member of Congress, which later passed legislation allowing Seminole land rights in Florida. In 1912, Coe returned to Florida and spent the next 20 years traveling the coast in his cabin cruiser called <em>The Buccaneer</em>. After retiring from the GPO in 1921, Coe spent much of his time exploring Florida's coast as an amateur archaeologist and publishing books, including <em>Juggling a Rope</em> (1927), <em>The Art of Knife Throwing</em> (1931), and <em>Debunking the So-Called Spanish Mission</em> (1941). He died of pneumonia on March 23, 1954.
Original advertisement: Private Collection of Andrew M. Foster.
Foster, Andrew M.
application/pdf
eng
Text
Florida
Oral History of David C. Grace
Oral history--United States
Fort Myers (Fla.)
Museums--Florida
Gardens--Florida
Army
Veterans--Florida
Okahumpka (Fla.)
Native Americans--Florida
Oral history of David C. Grace, the Master Gardener and docent at the Student Museum and Center for Social Studies, located at 301 West Seventh Street in Sanford, Florida. Grace was born in Wichita, Kansas, on December 2, 1942. He attended Wichita State University and was commissioned as Second Lieutenant in the United States Army in 1965. He performed missile maintenance at Redstone Arsenal in Huntsville, Alabama, until he retired after three years. He accepted a job with United Telephone and moved to Fort Myers around 1970. When United Telephone purchased the Winter Park Telephone, Grave migrated to Central Florida. After being laid off, he decided to become a Master Gardener for the Student Museum, while also working as a Chief Financial Officer for the Florida Safety County. This interview was conducted by Autumn Reisz in Sanford on October 30, 2012.
Reisz, Autumn
Grace, David C.
Grace, David C.. Interviewed by Autumn Reisz. UCF Public History Center. October 30, 2012. Audio/video record available. UCF Public History Center, Sanford, Florida.
video/mp4
application/pdf
eng
Moving Image
Fort Myers, Florida
Ocala, Florida
Winter Park, Florida
Student Museum and Center for Social Studies, Sanford, Florida
A History of Central Florida, Episode 32: Tapestries
New Smyrna Beach (Fla.)
Great Depression, 1929-1939
New Deal, 1933-1939--Florida
Embroidery--United States
Episode 32 of A History of Central Florida Podcast: Tapestries. A History of Central Florida Podcast series explores Central Florida's history through the artifacts found in local area museums and historical societies. These podcasts can involve the participation or cooperation of local area partners.<br /><br />Episode 32 features a discussion of New Deal-era tapestries displayed at the New Smyrna Museum of History in New Smyrna Beach, Florida. This podcast also includes interviews with Dr. Susan Ware, author Nick Taylor, and Dr. Nick Wynne of the Florida Historical Society.
Bethany, Dickens
Original 13-minute and 9-second podcast by Bethany Dickens, 2014: "A History of Central Florida, Episode 32: Tapestries." <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">A History of Central Florida</a>, Orlando, Florida.
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>
Ware, Susan
Taylor, Nick
Wynne, Nick
Cassanello, Robert
Clarke, Bob
Ford, Chip
Gibson, Ella
Hazen, Kendra
Kelley, Katie
Velásquez, Daniel
<a href="http://www.nsbhistory.org/" target="_blank">New Smyrna Museum of History</a>
<a href="http://www.loc.gov/" target="_blank">Library of Congress</a>
<a href="http://www.floridamemory.com/" target="_blank">Florida Memory Project</a>
video/mp4
eng
Moving Image
New Smyrna Museum of History, New Smyrna Beach, Florida
Tampa, Florida
Southeast Volusia Chamber of Commerce, New Smyrna Beach, Florida
Miami, Florida
Orlando, Florida
Jacksonville, Florida
St. Petersburg, Florida
A History of Central Florida, Episode 26: Fishing Boats
St. Johns River (Fla.)
Sanford (Fla.)
Lake Apopka (Fla.)
Fishing--Florida
Episode 26 of A History of Central Florida podcasts: Fishing Boats. A History of Central Florida Podcast series explores Central Florida's history through the artifacts found in local area museums and historical societies. These podcasts can involve the participation or cooperation of local area partners.<br /><br />Episode 26 features a discussion of fishing boats and other artifacts located at the Winter Garden Heritage Foundation and the Museum of Geneva History. This podcast also includes interviews with Dr. Mark Howard Long of the University of Central Florida and Doug Kelly, author of <em>Florida's Fishing Legends and Pioneers</em>.
Kelley, Katie
Original 10-minute and 50-second podcast by Katie Kelley, 2014: "A History of Central Florida, Episode 26: Fishing Boats." <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">A History of Central Florida</a>, Orlando, Florida.
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>
Long, Mark Howard
Kelley, Doug
Cassanello, Robert
Clarke, Bob
Ford, Chip
Gibson, Ella
Hazen, Kendra
Velásquez, Daniel
<a href="http://www.wghf.org/" target="_blank">Winter Garden Heritage Foundation</a>
<a href="http://www.usgennet.org/usa/fl/county/seminole/Geneva/museum.htm" target="_blank">Museum of Geneva History</a>
<a href="http://www.loc.gov/" target="_blank">Library of Congress</a>
<a href="http://www.floridamemory.com/" target="_blank">Florida Memory Project</a>
<a href="https://archive.org/details/prelinger" target="_blank">Rick Prelinger Archives</a>
video/mp4
eng
Moving Image
Lake Apopka, Florida
Sanford, Florida
Winter Garden Heritage Museum, Winter Garden, Florida
Museum of Geneva History, Geneva, Florida
A History of Central Florida, Episode 17: Travel Dining
Steamboats
St. Johns River (Fla.)
Silver Springs (Fla.)
Tourism--Florida
Railroads--Florida
Sanford (Fla.)
Winter Garden (Fla.)
Episode 17 of A History of Central Florida podcasts: Travel Dining. A History of Central Florida Podcast series explores Central Florida's history through the artifacts found in local area museums and historical societies. These podcasts can involve the participation or cooperation of local area partners.<br /><br />Episode 17 features a discussion of a travel dining on steamships in Central Florida. This podcast also includes interviews with Dr. Mark Howard Long of the University of Central Florida, Dr. Tracy J. Revels of Wofford College, and Philip Cross of the National Railway Historical Society.
Dickens, Bethany
Original 12-minute and 42-second podcast by Bethany Dickens, 2014: "A History of Central Florida, Episode 17: Travel Dining." <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">A History of Central Florida</a>, Orlando, Florida.
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>
Long, Mark Howard
Revels, Tracy J.
Cross, Philip
Cassanello, Robert
Clarke, Bob
Ford, Chip
Gibson, Ella
Kelley, Katie
Velásquez, Daniel
Hazen, Kendra
<a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/%20target=">Museum of Seminole County History</a>
<a href="http://www.wghf.org/cfrailroad%20target=">Central Florida Railroad Museum</a>
<a href="http://www.loc.gov/" target="_blank">Library of Congress</a>
<a href="http://www.floridamemory.com/" target="_blank">Florida Memory Project</a>
video/mp4
eng
Moving Image
Silver Springs, Florida
Museum of Seminole County History, Sanford, Florida
Central Florida Railroad Museum, Winter Garden, Florida
A History of Central Florida, Episode 13: Buck and Ball
Seminole War, 1st, 1817-1818
Seminole War, 2nd, 1835-1842
Native Americans
Marion County (Fla.)
Fort King (Fla.)
Episode 13 of A History of Central Florida podcasts: Buck and Ball. <span><span>A History of Central Florida Podcast series explores Central Florida's history through the artifacts found in local area museums and historical societies.</span></span> These podcasts can involve the participation or cooperation of local area partners.<br /><br />Episode 13 features a discussion of war artifacts from the Seminole Wars. This podcast also includes interviews with Dr. Andrew K. Frank of Florida State University, author John Missal, and Gary D. Ellis of the Gulf Archaeology Research Institute.
Hazen, Kendra
Original 12-minute and 40-second podcast by Kendra Hazen, 2014: "A History of Central Florida, Episode 13: Buck and Ball." <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">A History of Central Florida</a>, Orlando, Florida.
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">A History of Central Florida</a>
Frank, Andrew K.
Missal, John
Ellis, Gary D.
Cassanello, Robert
Clarke, Bob
Ford, Chip
Gibson, Ella
Kelley, Katie
Velásquez, Daniel
Cassanello, Kathleen<a href="http://www.marion.k12.fl.us/district/srm//" target="_blank"><br /></a>
<a href="http://www.marion.k12.fl.us/district/srm//" target="_blank">Silver River Museum and Environmental Education Center</a>
<a href="http://www.floridamemory.com/" target="_blank">Florida Memory Project</a>
video/mp4
eng
Moving Image
Fort King, Ocala, Florida
Silver River Museum and Environmental Education Center, Ocala, Florida
A History of Central Florida, Episode 12: Spalding Plate
Astor (Fla.)
St. Johns River (Fla.)
Trading posts--Florida
Native Americans
Episode 12 of A History of Central Florida podcasts: Spalding Plate. <span><span>A History of Central Florida Podcast series explores Central Florida's history through the artifacts found in local area museums and historical societies.</span></span> These podcasts can involve the participation or cooperation of local area partners.<br /><br />Episode 12 features a discussion of a spalding plate recovered from the Spalding Upper Indian Store in Astor, Florida. This podcast also includes interviews with Dr. Daniel S. Murphree of the University of Central Florida and Dr. Andrew K. Frank of Florida State University.
Hazen, Kendra
Original 12-minute and 27-second podcast by Kendra Hazen, 2014: "A History of Central Florida, Episode 12: Spalding Plate." <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">A History of Central Florida</a>, Orlando, Florida.
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">A History of Central Florida</a>
Murphree, Daniel S.
Frank, Andrew K.
Cassanello, Robert
Clarke, Bob
Ford, Chip
Gibson, Ella
Kelley, Katie
Velásquez, Daniel
Mitchell, Scott E.
<a href="http://www.marion.k12.fl.us/district/srm//" target="_blank">Silver River Museum and Environmental Education Center</a>
video/mp4
eng
Moving Image
Astor, Florida
Silver River Museum and Environmental Education Center, Ocala, Florida
A History of Central Florida, Episode 11: Tobacco Pipes
Tobacco--Florida
Native Americans
Episode 11 of A History of Central Florida podcasts: Tobacco Pipes. <span><span>A History of Central Florida Podcast series explores Central Florida's history through the artifacts found in local area museums and historical societies.</span></span> These podcasts can involve the participation or cooperation of local area partners.<br /><br />Episode 11 features a discussion of the use of tobacco pipes by Precolumbian Native Americans in Central Florida, particularly the Timucua. This podcast also includes interviews with Dr. Jerald T. Milanich of the University of Florida, Dr. Neill J. Wallis of the Florida Museum of Natural History, and antique pipe collector Frank Burla.
Ford, Chip
Original 14-minute and 4-second podcast by Chip Ford, 2014: "A History of Central Florida, Episode 11: Tobacco Pipes." <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">A History of Central Florida</a>, Orlando, Florida.
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">A History of Central Florida</a>
Milanch, Jerald T.
Wallis, Neill J.
Burla, Frank
Cassanello, Robert
Clarke, Bob
Gibson, Ella
Hazen, Kendra
Kelley, Katie
Velásquez, Daniel
<a href="http://www.marion.k12.fl.us/district/srm//" target="_blank">Silver River Museum and Environmental Education Center</a>
<a href="http://www.floridamemory.com/" target="_blank">Florida Memory Project</a>
<a href="http://www.loc.gov/" target="_blank">Library of Congress</a>
video/mp4
eng
Moving Image
Silver River Museum and Environmental Education Center, Ocala, Florida
A History of Central Florida, Episode 10: Piliklikaha
Slavery--Florida
African Americans--Florida
Bushnell (Fla.)
Pottery--United States
Native Americans--Florida
Episode 10 of A History of Central Florida Podcast: Piliklikaha. A History of Central Florida Podcast series explores Central Florida's history through the artifacts found in local area museums and historical societies. These podcasts can involve the participation or cooperation of local area partners.<br /><br />Episode 10 features the Piliklikaha, a safehaven town for runaway slaves. This podcast also includes interviews with Dr. Brent Weisman of the University of South Florida and Dr. Terrance M. Weik of the University of South Carolina.
Hazen, Kendra
Original 15-minute and 7-second podcast by Kendra Hazen, 2014: "A History of Central Florida, Episode 10: Piliklikaha." <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">A History of Central Florida</a>, Orlando, Florida.
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">A History of Central Florida</a>
Cassanello, Robert
Weisman, Brent
Weik, Terrance M.
Ford, Chip
Clarke, Bob
Gibson, Ella
Kelley, Katie
Velásquez, Daniel
<a href="http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/" target="_blank">Florida Museum of Natural History</a>
<a href="http://www.loc.gov/" target="_blank">Library of Congress</a>
<a href="http://www.johnhorse.com/" target="_blank">Rebellion: John Horse and the Black Seminoles, First Black Rebels to Beat American Slavery</a>
video/mp4
eng
Moving Image
Piliklikaha, Florida
Bushnell, Florida
Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, Florida
U.S. Census for Central Florida, 2000
Census--United States
Orange County (Fla.)
Marion County (Fla.)
Brevard County (Fla.)
St. Lucie County (Fla.)
Seminole County (Fla.)
Volusia County (Fla.)
Flagler County (Fla.)
Lake County (Fla.)
Osceola County (Fla.)
Population--United States
The Twenty-Second United States Census records for Brevard County, Flagler County, Lake County, Marion County, Orange County, Osceola County, Seminole County, and Volusia County, Florida, for 2000. The census divides the population by gender, race ("white alone," "black," "American Indian and Alaska Native," "Asian," Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander," "other race," "two or moreraces," "Hispanic," "Mexican," "Puerto Rican," "Cuban," "Dominican," "Central American," "Costa Rican," "Guatemalan," "Honduran," "Nicaraguan," "Panamanian," "Salvadoran," "Other Central American," "South American," "Argentinean," "Bolivian," "Chilean," "Columbian," "Ecuadorian," "Paraguayan," "Peruvian," "Uruguayan," "Venezuelan," "Other South American," "Spaniard," "Asian Indian," "Bangladeshi," "Cambodian," "Chinese," "Filipino," "Hmong," "Indonesian," "Japanese," "Korean," "Laotian," "Malaysian," "Pakistani,""Sri Lankan," "Taiwanese," "Vietnamese," and "other Asian"), and native-born vs. foreign-born. Those who are foreign born are further divided by country of origin. The census then lists the population categorized by marital status, type of residence, military service, primary and secondary school attendance, and college attendance. The census also collected information on labor, on unemployment, on energy usage, and on transportation.<br /><br />For the Census of 2000, the short form consisted of only seven questions, while the long form consisted of 52 questions and was used for a 17-percent sample of the population. For the first time, race questions were not limited to a single category; rather, respondents were able to check multiple boxes. A new question related to grandparents as caregivers was also mandated by legislation passed in 1996. Disability questions were expanded to including hearing and vision impairments, as well as learning, memory, and concentration disabilities. The 2000 Census also eliminated questions related to children born, water sources, sewage disposal, and condominium status. In addition, the 2000 Census was the first in which the Internet was used as the principal medium for the dissemination of census information. Summary Files were available for download immediately upon release and individual tables could be viewed via American FactFinder, the Census Bureau's online database. Files were also available for purchase on CD-Rom and DVD.<br /><br />Due to declining questionnaire mail-back rates, the U.S. Census Bureau marketed a $167 million national and local print, television, and public advertising campaign in 17 different languages. The campaign successfully brought the mail-back rate up to 67 percent. Additionally, respondents receiving the short form were given the option of responding via the Internet. Telephone questionnaire assistance centers available in six languages also took responses via the phone. Statistical sampling techniques were utilized in two ways: first, to alter the traditional 100-percent personal visit of non-responding households during the non-response follow-up (NRFU) process instead by following up on a smaller sample basis; second, the sampling of 750,000 housing units matched to housing unit questionnaires obtained from mail and telephone responses, as well as from personal visits. The goal of the latter was to develop adjustment factors for individuals estimated to have been missed or duplicated and to correct the census counts to produce one set of numbers. This "one-number census" would correct for net coverage errors called Integrated Coverage Measurement (ICM). Both of these measures were taken in an attempt to avoid repetition of the litigation costs generated by the 1980 Census and the 1990 Census.<br /><br />Despite these efforts, two lawsuits—one filed by the U.S. House of Representatives—were filed in February 1998 challenging the constitutionality and legality of the planned uses of sampling to produce apportionment counts. Both cases were decided in favor of the plaintiffs in federal district courts, but the U.S. Department of Commerce made appeals to the U.S. Supreme Court. Known as the <em>U.S. Department of Commerce v. the U.S. House of Representatives</em>, the Court ruled that the Census Bureau's plans to use statistical sampling for purposes of congressional apportionments violated the Census Act. The bureau revised its plan, stating that it would produce statistically adjusted data for non-apportionment uses of census data information, such as redistricting. However, in March of 2001, the Census Bureau recommended against the use of adjusted census data for redistricting due to accuracy concerns; the Secretary of Commerce determined that the unadjusted data would be released as the bureau's official redistricting data. The Director of the Census Bureau also rejected to the use of adjusted data for non-redistricting purposes in October of that same year.
<a href="http://www.census.gov/" target="_blank">U.S. Census Bureau</a>
Original census data collected by the <a href="http://www.census.gov/" target="_blank">U.S. Census Bureau</a>, 2000.
<a href="http://www.commerce.gov/" target="_blank">U.S. Department of Commerce</a>
Gibson, Ella
image/jpg
eng
Dataset
Brevard County, Florida
Flagler County, Florida
Lake County, Florida
Marion County, Florida
Orange County, Florida
Osceola County, Florida
Seminole County, Florida
Volusia County, Florida
U.S. Census for Central Florida, 1990
Census--United States
Orange County (Fla.)
Marion County (Fla.)
Brevard County (Fla.)
St. Lucie County (Fla.)
Seminole County (Fla.)
Volusia County (Fla.)
Flagler County (Fla.)
Lake County (Fla.)
Osceola County (Fla.)
Population--United States
The Twenty-First United States Census records for Brevard County, Flagler County, Lake County, Marion County, Orange County, Osceola County, Seminole County, and Volusia County, Florida, for 1990. The census divides the population by gender, race ("white," "black," "American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut," "Asian or Pacific Islander," "other," "Hispanic," "Mexican," "Puerto Rican," "Cuban," "Other Hispanic," "Dominican," "Central American Hispanic," "Guatemalan," "Honduran," "Nicaraguan," "Panamanian," "Salvadorian," "Other Central American Hispanic," "South American Hispanic," "Columbian," "Ecuadorian," "Peruvian," "Other South American Hispanic," "Chinese," "Japanese," "Filipino," "Korean," "Asian Indian," "Vietnamese," "Cambodian," "Laotian," "Thai," and "Other Asian"), and native-born vs. foreign-born. Those who are foreign born are further divided by country of origin. The census then lists the population categorized by marital status and military service. The census also collected information on labor, on unemployment, on energy usage, and on transportation.<br /><br />For the 1990 Census, the U.S. Census Bureau utilized extensive user consultation prior to enumeration in order to refine both long and short form census questionnaires. The short form consisted of 13 questions and was given to the entire population. The long form asked 45 questions and was given to a 20-percent sample. The long form included topics related to marital history, carpooling, residence, residential elevators, and energy usage. Unlike the 1980 Census, the new census eliminated questions regarding air conditioning, the number of bathrooms in a residence, and the type of heating equipment used. A vast advertising campaign was marketed to increase public awareness of the census via public television, radio, and print media. Like the previous census, the Census of 1990 made a special effort to enumerate groups that have historically been undercounted in previous censuses called "S-Night": individuals in homeless shelters, soup kitchens, bus and railway stations, and dormitories (enumerated separately in the 1980 Census on "M-Night"); and permanent residents in hotels and motels (enumerated separately in the 1980 Census on "T-Night"). Following legal issues filed in response to the 1980 Census regarding statistical readjustment of undercounted areas, the Census Bureau initiated a post-enumeration survey (PES), in which a contemporaneous survey of households would be conducted and compared to the census results from the official census. In a partial resolution of a 1989 lawsuit filed by New York plaintiffs, the U.S. Department of Commerce agreed to use the PES to produce population data that had been adjusted for the projected undercount and that said data would be judged against the unadjusted data by the Secretary of Commerce's Special Advisory Panel (SAP).<br /><br />The Census of 1990 also introduced the U.S. to the Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing System (TIGER), which was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Census Bureau. TIGER used computerized representations of various map features to geographically code addresses into appropriate census geographic areas. It also produced different maps required for census data collection and tabulation. Five years earlier, the Census Bureau became the first government agency to publish information on CD-ROM. For the 1990 Census, the bureau made detailed census data, which had previously been only available to organizations with large mainframe computers, accessible to any individual with a personal computer. Census data was also available in print, on computer tape, and on microfiche. Using two online service vendors, DIALOG and CompuServe, the Census Bureau also published select census data online.<br /><br />As with previous censuses, the 1990 Census undercounted the national population, and again, the African-American population had an estimated net undercount rate that was significantly higher than the rate for other races. In July of 1991, the Secretary of Commerce announced that he did not find evidence in favor of using adjusted counts compelling—despite SAP's split vote on the issue—and chose to use unadjusted totals for the official census results. In response, the New York plaintiffs resumed the lawsuit against the U.S. Department of Commerce. A federal district court ruleded in favor of the DOC in April of 1993. The U.S. Court of Appeals, however, rejected the previous court ruling and ordered that the case be reheard by the federal district court. In March of 1996, the U.S. Supreme Court finally ruled in favor of the Secretary of Commerce's decision to use the unadjusted census date, but did not rule on the legality or constitutionality of the use of statistical adjustment in producing apportionment counts.
<a href="http://www.census.gov/" target="_blank">U.S. Census Bureau</a>
Original census data collected by the <a href="http://www.census.gov/" target="_blank">U.S. Census Bureau</a>, 1990.
<a href="http://www.commerce.gov/" target="_blank">U.S. Department of Commerce</a>
Gibson, Ella
image/jpg
eng
Dataset
Brevard County, Florida
Flagler County, Florida
Lake County, Florida
Marion County, Florida
Orange County, Florida
Osceola County, Florida
Seminole County, Florida
Volusia County, Florida
U.S. Census for Central Florida, 1980
Census--United States
Orange County (Fla.)
Marion County (Fla.)
Brevard County (Fla.)
St. Lucie County (Fla.)
Seminole County (Fla.)
Volusia County (Fla.)
Flagler County (Fla.)
Lake County (Fla.)
Osceola County (Fla.)
Population--United States
The Twentieth United States Census records for Brevard County, Flagler County, Lake County, Marion County, Orange County, Osceola County, Seminole County, and Volusia County, Florida for 1980. The census divides the population by gender, race ("white," "black," "American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut," "Asian and Pacific Islander," "Spanish," "Mexican American," "Puerto Rican American," "Cuban American," "Other Spanish American," "Chinese American," "Japanese American," "Filipino American," "Korean American," "Asian Indian American," "Vietnamese American," "Hawaiian American," "Guamanian American," and "Samoan American"), and native-born vs. foreign-born. Those who are foreign born are further divided by country of origin. The census then lists the population categorized by marital status, type of residence, military service, primary and secondary school attendance, and college attendance. The census also collected information on labor, on unemployment, and on transportation.
Due to the success of the 1970 Census' mail-out/mail-back questionnaire, the program was expanded for the Census of 1980 to include approximately 95 percent of the population. The short-form questionnaire for this census contained seven questions related to population and 11 questions related to housing; whereas the long-form questionnaire included 26 questions on population and 10 questions on housing. A question regarding Spanish or Hispanic origin, separate from race inquires, was used in all questionnaires due to its success in a five-percent sample for the 1970 Census. Two surveys were included in the new census: the Components of Inventory Change Survey, making inquiries regarding the number and characteristics of housing units that either changed or remained the same between 1973 and 1980; and the Residential Finance Survey, which collected information on mortgages, shelter costs, housing characteristics, and owner characteristics. The U.S. Census Bureau's Census Publicity Office, established in 1978, directed an extensive public service advertising campaign focusing on public awareness of the census and encouraging individuals to participate. A special effort was made to enumerate groups that have historically been undercounted in previous censuses: "M-Night" focused on counting individuals in homeless shelters, soup kitchens, bus and railway stations, and dormitories; "T-Night" focused on the enumeration of hotels and motels with permanent residents.
The State Data Center Program was established to simplify public access to census data via computer tapes. The Census Bureau was to provide free copies of electronic and printed census information and products to each state; in return, the state agreed to develop a network of affiliated organizations, such as state executive departments, chambers of commerce, councils of government, university research departments, and libraries, by which census information would be housed for public access. All states had joined the program by the middle of the decade.
Despite various technological and procedural advances, the U.S. Census undercounted the national population, as it typically did in previous censuses. The African-American population had an estimated net undercount rate that was 3.7 percentage points higher than the rate for all other races combined. Various cities and states, beginning with the City of Detroit, filed suit against the U.S. Census Bureau, demanding that statistical adjustment be used to compensate for census estimates that had been omitted or improperly counted. In the Fall of 1980, the Bureau announced that it would not adjust its population totals because it was unable to determine the number and distribution of illegal aliens and other undercounted groups. A federal district court ruled in favor of the City of New York and the State of New York that same year, ordering the Census Bureau to correct its numbers. The U.S. Supreme Court stayed this ruling, as well as other similar rulings, in December of 1980, which allowed the Bureau to report its figures to the President unadjusted. In 1987, a federal appeals court ruled that the census figures should not be adjusted because the Census Bureau's decision not to adjust the figures was not arbitrary nor capricious.
<a href="http://www.census.gov/" target="_blank">U.S. Census Bureau</a>
Original census data collected by the <a href="http://www.census.gov/" target="_blank">U.S. Census Bureau</a>, 1980.
<a href="http://www.commerce.gov/" target="_blank">U.S. Department of Commerce</a>
Gibson, Ella
image/jpg
eng
Dataset
Brevard County, Florida
Flagler County, Florida
Lake County, Florida
Marion County, Florida
Orange County, Florida
Osceola County, Florida
Seminole County, Florida
Volusia County, Florida
U.S. Census for Central Florida, 1960
Census--United States
Orange County (Fla.)
Marion County (Fla.)
Brevard County (Fla.)
St. Lucie County (Fla.)
Seminole County (Fla.)
Volusia County (Fla.)
Flagler County (Fla.)
Lake County (Fla.)
Osceola County (Fla.)
Population--United States
The Eighteenth United States Census records for Brevard County, Flagler County, Lake County, Marion County, Orange County, Osceola County, Seminole County, and Volusia County, Florida, for 1960. The census divides the population by gender, race ("white", "black", "Japanese", "Chinese", "Filipino", and "other"), and native-born vs. foreign-born. Those who are foreign born are further divided by country of origin. The census then lists the population categorized by age, military service, transportation use, primary and secondary school attendance, and college attendance. The census also collected information on labor and on unemployment.<br /><br />The Census of 1960 was the first to be mailed to respondents. The U.S. Post Office Department delivered census questionnaires to households, the head of household was required to complete the questionnaire, and an enumerator was to pick it up. The enumeration process was divided into two stages: first, select data for each person and dwelling unit was collected; and second, more detailed economic and social data was collected from a sample of households and dwelling units. The census questionnaires for the second stage were hand-delivered by enumerators as they were collecting data from the first stage. Households receiving the second census questionnaire were to complete the form and mail it to their local census office. Twenty-five percent of the population was giving additional sample questions. Because of the increased use of sampling, less populated areas were prone to sampling variation; however, this did not significantly decrease the usefulness of census statistics gathered. Moreover, increased use of sampling reduced data processing costs. Additional questions included in the 1960 Census were related to places of work and means of transportation to work. By 1960, nearly all census data was processed using computers. The U.S. Census Bureau used a Film Optical Sensing Device for Input to Computer (FOSDIC) for the first time, thus decreasing the amount of time and money required for data input.
<a href="http://www.census.gov/" target="_blank">U.S. Census Bureau</a>
Original census data collected by the <a href="http://www.census.gov/" target="_blank">U.S. Census Bureau</a>, 1960.
<a href="http://www.commerce.gov/" target="_blank">U.S. Department of Commerce</a>
Gibson, Ella
image/jpg
eng
Dataset
Brevard County, Florida
Flagler County, Florida
Lake County, Florida
Marion County, Florida
Orange County, Florida
Osceola County, Florida
Seminole County, Florida
Volusia County, Florida
U.S. Census for Central Florida, 1890
Census--United States
Orange County (Fla.)
Marion County (Fla.)
Brevard County (Fla.)
Volusia County (Fla.)
Lake County (Fla.)
Osceola County (Fla.)
Population--United States
The Eleventh United States Census records for Brevard County, Lake County, Marion County, Orange County (including present-day Seminole County), Osceola County, and Volusia County (including present-day Flagler County), Florida, for 1890. The census divides the population by gender, race ("white," "black," "Chinese," and "civilized Indian"), and native-born vs. foreign-born. Those who are foreign born are further divided by country of origin. The census then lists the number of teachers and students by county, further dividing teachers and students by gender and race ("white" and "colored"). The census also collected information on agriculture and on manufacturing.<br /><br />The Census of 1890 was authorized by an act modeled after the 1880 enumeration and signed into law on March 1, 1889. The 1890 Census was supervised by 175 employees and enumerators were required to collect all information by personally visiting each household. The 1890 Census included essentially the same inquiries from the 1880 Census, with some notable additions, such as questions about home and farm ownership and indebtedness; and the names, units, length of service, and residences of former Union soldiers and sailors, as well as the names of the widows of those who were no longer alive. Racial categorization was expanded to include "Japanese," along with "Chinese," "Negro," "mulatto," "quadroon," "octoroon," and "White." Herman Hollerith (1860-1929), a former employee of the U.S. Census Office, invented the electric tabulating system, which was widely used in the 1890 Census, allowing data to be processed faster and more efficiently. On October 3, 1893, Congress passed a law that transferred census-related work to the direction of the commissioner of labor. Congress passed another act on March 2, 1895, effectively abolishing the U.S. Census Office and transferring the remaining responsibilities to the Office of the Secretary of the Interior.
<a href="http://www.census.gov/" target="_blank">U.S. Census Office</a>
<a href="http://www.doi.gov/index.cfm/" target="_blank">Office of the Secretary of the Interior</a>
Original census data collected by the <a href="http://www.census.gov/" target="_blank">U.S. Census Office</a> and the <a href="http://www.doi.gov/index.cfm/" target="_blank">Office of the Secretary of the Interior</a>, 1890.
<a href="http://www.doi.gov/index.cfm/" target="_blank">U.S. Department of the Interior</a>
Gibson, Ella
image/jpg
eng
Dataset
Brevard County, Florida
Lake County, Florida
Marion County, Florida
Orange County, Florida
Osceola County, Florida
Volusia County, Florida
U.S. Census for Central Florida, 1880
Census--United States
Orange County (Fla.)
Marion County (Fla.)
Brevard County (Fla.)
Volusia County (Fla.)
Population--United States
The Tenth United States Census records for Brevard County (including present-day St. Lucie County), Marion County, Orange County (including present-day Seminole County and parts of present-day Lake County, Osceola County, and Volusia County), and Volusia County (including present-day Flagler County), Florida, for 1880. The census divides the population by gender, race ("white", "colored", and "Indian"), and native-born vs. foreign-born. Those born outside of Florida are then divided by state or country of origin. The census also collected information on agriculture and on manufacturing.<br /><br />The newest act authorizing the Census of 1880 provided for supervision of enumeration by "supervisors of the census," selected exclusively for the collection of census data. All supervisors, as well as the superintendent, were to appointed by the President and approved by the Senate. Census enumerators were required to personally visit each household and family within his subdivision. The new census act also allowed for the collection of data related to the condition and operation of railroad corporations, incorporated express companies, and telegraph companies, as well as data related to the condition and operation of life, fire, and marine insurance companies. Corporations who refused to provide the census with "true and complete" answers were subject to fines. In addition, the census superintendent was required to collect and publish data on the population, industries and resources of the District of Alaska. Finally, the 1880 Census consisted of five schedules: Population, Mortality, Agriculture, Social Statistics, and Manufacturing.
<a href="http://www.census.gov/" target="_blank">U.S. Census Office</a>
Original census data collected by the <a href="http://www.census.gov/" target="_blank">U.S. Census Office</a>, 1880.
<a href="http://www.doi.gov/index.cfm/" target="_blank">U.S. Department of the Interior</a>
Gibson, Ella
image/jpg
eng
Dataset
Brevard County, Florida
Orange County, Florida
Marion County, Florida
Volusia County, Florida
Fort Gatlin Historic Marker Sign, 2004
Orlando (Fla.)
Orange County (Fla.)
Historical markers--Florida
Historic sites--Florida
Seminole War, 2nd, 1835-1842
Native Americans
Seminole Indians--Florida
United States. Army
Forts
Army
The Fort Gatlin Historic Marker, located near the corner of Summerlin Avenue and Gatlin Avenue in Orlando, Florida, in 2004. Fort Gatlin was a U.S. Army fort established during the Second Seminole Indian War (1835-1842) on November 9, 1838, in Mosquito County, Florida. The fort was named in honor of Army Assistant Surgeon John S. Gatlin (1806-1835), a casualty of the Dade Massacre in 1835. The fort's location overlooked three lakes and was frequented by Seminole warriors led by King Philip, the Seminole Chief, and his son, Coacoochee.
The fort was active until the Army withdrew from the area in 1849. A number of soldiers and their families settled in the area to grow citrus and raise cattle. In 1856, Fort Gatlin became the county seat for Orange County, formerly part of Mosquito County. The community changed the name to Orlando. In 1941, the U.S. Navy established the Underwater Sound Research Laboratory on Lake Gem Mary. The laboratory was closed in 1997.
This historic marker was erected when Fort Gatlin was declared a Florida Historic Site and is sponsored by the Fort Gatlin Historical Group, Orange County Public Schools, the Orange County Government, and the Florida Department of State. An earlier historic marker was erected by the Orlando Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR) on March 27, 1924.
Cook, Thomas
Original color digital image by Thomas Cook, 2004: Private Collection of Thomas Cook.
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>
Cook, Thomas
image/jpg
eng
Still Image
Fort Gatlin, Downtown Orlando, Florida
Underwater Sound Research Laboratory, Downtown Orlando, Florida
Fort Gatlin Historic Marker, Downtown Orlando, Florida
Fort Gatlin Historic Marker, 2004
Orlando (Fla.)
Orange County (Fla.)
Historic sites--Florida
Historical markers--Florida
Seminole War, 2nd, 1835-1842
Native Americans
Seminole Indians--Florida
United States. Army
Forts
Daughters of the American Revolution
Army
The Fort Gatlin Historic Marker, located near the corner of Summerlin Avenue and Gatlin Avenue in Orlando, Florida, in 2004. Fort Gatlin was a U.S. Army fort established during the Second Seminole Indian War (1835-1842) on November 9, 1838, in Mosquito County, Florida. The fort was named in honor of Army Assistant Surgeon John S. Gatlin (1806-1835), a casualty of the Dade Massacre in 1835. The fort's location overlooked three lakes and was frequented by Seminole warriors led by King Philip, the Seminole Chief, and his son, Coacoochee.
The fort was active until the Army withdrew from the area in 1849. A number of soldiers and their families settled in the area to grow citrus and raise cattle. In 1856, Fort Gatlin became the county seat for Orange County, formerly part of Mosquito County. The community changed the name to Orlando. In 1941, the U.S. Navy established the Underwater Sound Research Laboratory on Lake Gem Mary. The laboratory was closed in 1997.
This historic marker was erected by the Orlando Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR) on March 27, 1924. Another historic marker was erected when Fort Gatlin was declared a Florida Historic Site and is sponsored by the Fort Gatlin Historical Group, Orange County Public Schools, the Orange County Government, and the Florida Department of State.
Cook, Thomas
Original color digital image by Thomas Cook, 2004: Private Collection of Thomas Cook.
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>
Cook, Thomas
image/jpg
eng
Still Image
Fort Gatlin, Downtown Orlando, Florida
Underwater Sound Research Laboratory, Downtown Orlando, Florida
Fort Gatlin Historic Marker, Downtown Orlando, Florida
Council Oak Historic Marker, 2002
Orlando (Fla.)
Seminole Indians--Florida
Historical markers--Florida
Seminole War, 2nd, 1835-1842
Native Americans
The historic marker for Council Oak, located on South Ferncreek Avenue in Orlando, Florida, in 2002. This two-and-a-half-foot concrete marker with a brass plaque designates the traditional meeting place of the Native American chiefs during the Second Seminole War (1835-1842). The original location had the Council Oak, believed to be the largest living oak in all of Central and South Florida. In the late 1800s, the tree was struck by lightning and no longer exists. The marker was erected by the Orange County Historical Commission on August 19, 1970.
Cook, Thomas
Original color digital images by Thomas Cook, 2002: Private Collection of Thomas Cook.
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>
Cook, Thomas
image/jpg
eng
Still Image
Council Oak, Orlando, Florida
Council Oak Historic Marker, Orlando, Florida