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                  <text>Jazz Collection</text>
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                  <text>Jazz Collection</text>
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                  <text>Music--United States</text>
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                  <text>Jazz--United States</text>
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                  <text>Orlando (Fla.)</text>
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                  <text>Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of jazz in Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around.&#13;
&#13;
The roots of jazz music began in the fields of the American South, as African-American slaves sang “call-and-response” work songs and “spirituals” to help them get through the brutal hours of forced labor. As Europeans immigrated to American cities in the late 19th century, they brought their musical traditions with them, and soon African-American musicians, such as Ernest Hogan and Scott Joplin, combined these styles with polyrhythmic African music, creating ragtime. New Orleans was an especially diverse cultural melting pot and became a place for musical experimentation by the early 1910s. European music merged with blues, folk, marching band music, and ragtime, creating a new genre called “jazz.”&#13;
&#13;
By the 1920s, the First Great Migration brought millions of African Americans to the urban Northeast and Midwest. Young, white Americans became enamored with jazz and blues music and the genre was soon being played on radio stations, at dancehalls, and in homes across the country. New York City, Kansas City, and Chicago began to establish their own styles of jazz. Big band swing became the most popular style of American music in the 1930s and 1940s.&#13;
&#13;
The most definitive feature of jazz is improvisation. The Great Depression forced many bands to cut down in size, leaving more space for intricate melodies and room for exploration. Bebop, which emerged in New York in the early 1940s, was aimed at a listening audience, rather than a dancing one, and became known as “musician’s music.” Bebop paved the way for Afro-Cuban and Latin jazz in the 1950s, when musicians, such as Dizzy Gillespie and Duke Ellington, incorporated Latin rhythms by playing with Cuban musicians in New York. The popularity of rock music in the 1960s and 1970s led to jazz-rock fusion, which combined improvisation with rock rhythms and amplified instruments. By the 1980s, smooth jazz emerged, creating a commercial form of the genre that drew criticism from many purists, who felt that the musicians were more concerned with making money than creating art with substance.&#13;
&#13;
Although Florida might not be as closely associated with jazz as cities like New Orleans, Chicago, and New York City, it has made significant contributions nonetheless. Afro-Cuban jazz developed simultaneously in New York City and Havana in the early 1940s, and Florida’s Cuban immigrants had a profound cultural impact on areas like Miami and Tampa. Since its foundation in 1979, the annual Jacksonville Jazz Festival has become one of the most popular jazz festivals in the country, featuring some of the top names in the genre, such as Dizzy Gillespie, Miles Davis, Count Basie, George Benson, and Herbie Hancock. The Clearwater Jazz Holiday began around the same time and has also evolved into a major international jazz festival. In addition to the legendary Sam Rivers, who moved to Orlando in the early 1990s and continued to perform until his death in 2011, Florida has been the home to a number of prominent jazz musicians, including Cedric Wallace, Ira Sullivan, George Tucker, Nathen Page, Alfred “Pee Wee” Ellis, Jackie Davis, Rich Matteson, Jeff Rupert, and the University of Central Florida’s Jazz Professors.&#13;
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                  <text>&lt;a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;WUCF-FM&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/140" target="_blank"&gt;Central Florida Music History Collection&lt;/a&gt;, RICHES of Central Florida.</text>
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                  <text>Arturo Sandoval Jazz Club, Deauville Beach Resort, Miami Beach, Florida</text>
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                  <text>DeLand, Florida</text>
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                  <text>Young Musicians Camp, University of Miami, Miami, Florida</text>
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                  <text>Cepero, Laura</text>
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                  <text>Cravero, Geoffrey</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES MI&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Alkyer, Frank. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/319491298" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt; DownBeat--the Great Jazz Interviews: A 75th Anniversary Anthology&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Hal Leonard, 2009.</text>
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                  <text>Gioia, Ted. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/36245922" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;The History of Jazz&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.</text>
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                  <text>Ward, Geoffrey C., and Ken Burns. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42404676" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Jazz: A History of America's Music&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2000.</text>
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                <text>"Grandfather's Waltz" by The Jazz Professors</text>
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                <text>"Grandfather's Waltz" by Jazz Professors</text>
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                <text> Jazz--United States</text>
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                <text>An audio recording of "Grandfather's Waltz," composed by Lasse Farnlof (1942-1994) and Gene Lees (1928-2010) and performed by The Jazz Professors live on-air on WUCF-FM on December 10, 2007. &lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;The Jazz Professors are a sextet of professors from the University of Central Florida (UCF) in Orlando, Florida, who play professionally and have released two albums with Flying Horse Records, a professional jazz record label operated by the university. They have recorded and toured with a number of prominent guest musicians.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; "Grandfather's Waltz" was first recorded by Stan Getz (1927-1991) and Bill Evans (1929-1980) in May 1964 and released on their self-titled album in 1973.</text>
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                <text>Original 5-minute and 1-second audio recording: Farnlof, Lasse and Gene Lees. "Grandfather's Waltz," by the Jazz Professors: &lt;a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;WUCF-FM&lt;/a&gt;, Orlando, Florida, December 10, 2007.</text>
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                <text>Multimedia software, such as &lt;a href="http://www.apple.com/quicktime/download/" target="_blank"&gt; QuickTime&lt;/a&gt;.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/141" target="_blank"&gt;Jazz Collection&lt;/a&gt;, Central Florida Music History Collection, RICHES of Central Florida</text>
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                <text>Farnlof, Lasse</text>
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                <text> Lees, Gene</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;WUCF-FM&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;WUCF-FM&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>The Jazz Professors</text>
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                <text>Rupert, Jeff</text>
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                <text>Danielsson, Per</text>
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                <text>Wilkinson, Michael</text>
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                <text>2007-12-10</text>
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                <text> Humanities Teacher</text>
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                <text> Music Teacher</text>
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                <text>Originally composed by Lasse Farnlof and Gene Lees, performed by The Jazz Professors, and published by &lt;a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;WUCF-FM&lt;/a&gt;.</text>
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                <text>Copyright to this resource is held by Lasse Farnlof and Frederick "Gene" Eugene John Lees and is provided here by &lt;a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES of Central Florida&lt;/a&gt; for educational purposes only.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES MI&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>"&lt;a href="http://musicians.allaboutjazz.com/thejazzprofessors#.UZEjASucVPw" target="_blank"&gt;The Jazz Professors&lt;/a&gt;." Allaboutjazz.com. http://musicians.allaboutjazz.com/thejazzprofessors#.UZEjASucVPw (accessed March 9, 2015).</text>
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                  <text>Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of jazz in Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around.&#13;
&#13;
The roots of jazz music began in the fields of the American South, as African-American slaves sang “call-and-response” work songs and “spirituals” to help them get through the brutal hours of forced labor. As Europeans immigrated to American cities in the late 19th century, they brought their musical traditions with them, and soon African-American musicians, such as Ernest Hogan and Scott Joplin, combined these styles with polyrhythmic African music, creating ragtime. New Orleans was an especially diverse cultural melting pot and became a place for musical experimentation by the early 1910s. European music merged with blues, folk, marching band music, and ragtime, creating a new genre called “jazz.”&#13;
&#13;
By the 1920s, the First Great Migration brought millions of African Americans to the urban Northeast and Midwest. Young, white Americans became enamored with jazz and blues music and the genre was soon being played on radio stations, at dancehalls, and in homes across the country. New York City, Kansas City, and Chicago began to establish their own styles of jazz. Big band swing became the most popular style of American music in the 1930s and 1940s.&#13;
&#13;
The most definitive feature of jazz is improvisation. The Great Depression forced many bands to cut down in size, leaving more space for intricate melodies and room for exploration. Bebop, which emerged in New York in the early 1940s, was aimed at a listening audience, rather than a dancing one, and became known as “musician’s music.” Bebop paved the way for Afro-Cuban and Latin jazz in the 1950s, when musicians, such as Dizzy Gillespie and Duke Ellington, incorporated Latin rhythms by playing with Cuban musicians in New York. The popularity of rock music in the 1960s and 1970s led to jazz-rock fusion, which combined improvisation with rock rhythms and amplified instruments. By the 1980s, smooth jazz emerged, creating a commercial form of the genre that drew criticism from many purists, who felt that the musicians were more concerned with making money than creating art with substance.&#13;
&#13;
Although Florida might not be as closely associated with jazz as cities like New Orleans, Chicago, and New York City, it has made significant contributions nonetheless. Afro-Cuban jazz developed simultaneously in New York City and Havana in the early 1940s, and Florida’s Cuban immigrants had a profound cultural impact on areas like Miami and Tampa. Since its foundation in 1979, the annual Jacksonville Jazz Festival has become one of the most popular jazz festivals in the country, featuring some of the top names in the genre, such as Dizzy Gillespie, Miles Davis, Count Basie, George Benson, and Herbie Hancock. The Clearwater Jazz Holiday began around the same time and has also evolved into a major international jazz festival. In addition to the legendary Sam Rivers, who moved to Orlando in the early 1990s and continued to perform until his death in 2011, Florida has been the home to a number of prominent jazz musicians, including Cedric Wallace, Ira Sullivan, George Tucker, Nathen Page, Alfred “Pee Wee” Ellis, Jackie Davis, Rich Matteson, Jeff Rupert, and the University of Central Florida’s Jazz Professors.&#13;
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                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/140" target="_blank"&gt;Central Florida Music History Collection&lt;/a&gt;, RICHES of Central Florida.</text>
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                  <text>Arturo Sandoval Jazz Club, Deauville Beach Resort, Miami Beach, Florida</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES MI&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Alkyer, Frank. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/319491298" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt; DownBeat--the Great Jazz Interviews: A 75th Anniversary Anthology&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Hal Leonard, 2009.</text>
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                  <text>Gioia, Ted. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/36245922" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;The History of Jazz&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.</text>
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                  <text>Ward, Geoffrey C., and Ken Burns. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42404676" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Jazz: A History of America's Music&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2000.</text>
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                <text>"Lover Man" by The Jazz Professors</text>
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                <text>An audio recording of "Lover Man," composed by Jimmy Davis (1915-1997), Ram Ramirez (1913-1994), and James Sherman and performed by The Jazz Professors live on-air on WUCF-FM on December 10, 2007. The Jazz Professors are a sextet of professors from the University of Central Florida (UCF) in Orlando, Florida, who play professionally and have released two albums with Flying Horse Records, a professional jazz record label operated by the university. They have recorded and toured with a number of prominent guest musicians. The jazz standard, "Lover Man," was written in 1941 by Davis, Ramirez, and Sherman for Billie Holiday (1915-1959), whose 1945 version would be inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame.</text>
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                <text>Original 4-minute and 35-second audio recording: Davis, Jimmy, Ram Ramirez, and James Sherman. "Lover Man," by the Jazz Professors: &lt;a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;WUCF-FM&lt;/a&gt;, Orlando, Florida, December 10, 2007.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/141" target="_blank"&gt;Jazz Collection&lt;/a&gt;, Central Florida Music History Collection, RICHES of Central Florida</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;WUCF-FM&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Originally composed by Jimmy Davis, Ram Ramirez, and James Sherman, performed by The Jazz Professors, and published by &lt;a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;WUCF-FM&lt;/a&gt;.</text>
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                <text>Copyright to this resource is held by Jimmy Davis, Roger "Ram" J. Ramirez, and James Sherman, and is provided here by &lt;a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES of Central Florida&lt;/a&gt; for educational purposes only.</text>
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                <text>"&lt;a href="http://musicians.allaboutjazz.com/thejazzprofessors#.UZEjASucVPw" target="_blank"&gt;The Jazz Professors&lt;/a&gt;." Allaboutjazz.com. http://musicians.allaboutjazz.com/thejazzprofessors#.UZEjASucVPw (accessed March 9, 2015).</text>
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&#13;
The roots of jazz music began in the fields of the American South, as African-American slaves sang “call-and-response” work songs and “spirituals” to help them get through the brutal hours of forced labor. As Europeans immigrated to American cities in the late 19th century, they brought their musical traditions with them, and soon African-American musicians, such as Ernest Hogan and Scott Joplin, combined these styles with polyrhythmic African music, creating ragtime. New Orleans was an especially diverse cultural melting pot and became a place for musical experimentation by the early 1910s. European music merged with blues, folk, marching band music, and ragtime, creating a new genre called “jazz.”&#13;
&#13;
By the 1920s, the First Great Migration brought millions of African Americans to the urban Northeast and Midwest. Young, white Americans became enamored with jazz and blues music and the genre was soon being played on radio stations, at dancehalls, and in homes across the country. New York City, Kansas City, and Chicago began to establish their own styles of jazz. Big band swing became the most popular style of American music in the 1930s and 1940s.&#13;
&#13;
The most definitive feature of jazz is improvisation. The Great Depression forced many bands to cut down in size, leaving more space for intricate melodies and room for exploration. Bebop, which emerged in New York in the early 1940s, was aimed at a listening audience, rather than a dancing one, and became known as “musician’s music.” Bebop paved the way for Afro-Cuban and Latin jazz in the 1950s, when musicians, such as Dizzy Gillespie and Duke Ellington, incorporated Latin rhythms by playing with Cuban musicians in New York. The popularity of rock music in the 1960s and 1970s led to jazz-rock fusion, which combined improvisation with rock rhythms and amplified instruments. By the 1980s, smooth jazz emerged, creating a commercial form of the genre that drew criticism from many purists, who felt that the musicians were more concerned with making money than creating art with substance.&#13;
&#13;
Although Florida might not be as closely associated with jazz as cities like New Orleans, Chicago, and New York City, it has made significant contributions nonetheless. Afro-Cuban jazz developed simultaneously in New York City and Havana in the early 1940s, and Florida’s Cuban immigrants had a profound cultural impact on areas like Miami and Tampa. Since its foundation in 1979, the annual Jacksonville Jazz Festival has become one of the most popular jazz festivals in the country, featuring some of the top names in the genre, such as Dizzy Gillespie, Miles Davis, Count Basie, George Benson, and Herbie Hancock. The Clearwater Jazz Holiday began around the same time and has also evolved into a major international jazz festival. In addition to the legendary Sam Rivers, who moved to Orlando in the early 1990s and continued to perform until his death in 2011, Florida has been the home to a number of prominent jazz musicians, including Cedric Wallace, Ira Sullivan, George Tucker, Nathen Page, Alfred “Pee Wee” Ellis, Jackie Davis, Rich Matteson, Jeff Rupert, and the University of Central Florida’s Jazz Professors.&#13;
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                  <text>Alkyer, Frank. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/319491298" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt; DownBeat--the Great Jazz Interviews: A 75th Anniversary Anthology&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Hal Leonard, 2009.</text>
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                  <text>Gioia, Ted. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/36245922" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;The History of Jazz&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.</text>
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                <text>An audio recording of "My Shining Hour," composed by Harold Arlen (1905-1986), with lyrics by Johnny Mercer (1909-1976), and performed by The Jazz Professors live on-air on WUCF-FM on December 10, 2007. The Jazz Professors are a sextet of professors from the University of Central Florida (UCF) in Orlando, Florida, who play professionally and have released two albums with Flying Horse Records, a professional jazz record label operated by the university. They have recorded and toured with a number of prominent guest musicians "My Shining Hour" was written by Arlen and Mercer for the 1943 film, &lt;em&gt;The Sky's the Limit&lt;/em&gt;, for which it was nominated for and Academy Award for Best Song.</text>
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                <text>Originally created by Harold Arlen, performed by The Jazz Professors, and published by &lt;a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;WUCF-FM&lt;/a&gt;.</text>
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                  <text>Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of jazz in Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around.&#13;
&#13;
The roots of jazz music began in the fields of the American South, as African-American slaves sang “call-and-response” work songs and “spirituals” to help them get through the brutal hours of forced labor. As Europeans immigrated to American cities in the late 19th century, they brought their musical traditions with them, and soon African-American musicians, such as Ernest Hogan and Scott Joplin, combined these styles with polyrhythmic African music, creating ragtime. New Orleans was an especially diverse cultural melting pot and became a place for musical experimentation by the early 1910s. European music merged with blues, folk, marching band music, and ragtime, creating a new genre called “jazz.”&#13;
&#13;
By the 1920s, the First Great Migration brought millions of African Americans to the urban Northeast and Midwest. Young, white Americans became enamored with jazz and blues music and the genre was soon being played on radio stations, at dancehalls, and in homes across the country. New York City, Kansas City, and Chicago began to establish their own styles of jazz. Big band swing became the most popular style of American music in the 1930s and 1940s.&#13;
&#13;
The most definitive feature of jazz is improvisation. The Great Depression forced many bands to cut down in size, leaving more space for intricate melodies and room for exploration. Bebop, which emerged in New York in the early 1940s, was aimed at a listening audience, rather than a dancing one, and became known as “musician’s music.” Bebop paved the way for Afro-Cuban and Latin jazz in the 1950s, when musicians, such as Dizzy Gillespie and Duke Ellington, incorporated Latin rhythms by playing with Cuban musicians in New York. The popularity of rock music in the 1960s and 1970s led to jazz-rock fusion, which combined improvisation with rock rhythms and amplified instruments. By the 1980s, smooth jazz emerged, creating a commercial form of the genre that drew criticism from many purists, who felt that the musicians were more concerned with making money than creating art with substance.&#13;
&#13;
Although Florida might not be as closely associated with jazz as cities like New Orleans, Chicago, and New York City, it has made significant contributions nonetheless. Afro-Cuban jazz developed simultaneously in New York City and Havana in the early 1940s, and Florida’s Cuban immigrants had a profound cultural impact on areas like Miami and Tampa. Since its foundation in 1979, the annual Jacksonville Jazz Festival has become one of the most popular jazz festivals in the country, featuring some of the top names in the genre, such as Dizzy Gillespie, Miles Davis, Count Basie, George Benson, and Herbie Hancock. The Clearwater Jazz Holiday began around the same time and has also evolved into a major international jazz festival. In addition to the legendary Sam Rivers, who moved to Orlando in the early 1990s and continued to perform until his death in 2011, Florida has been the home to a number of prominent jazz musicians, including Cedric Wallace, Ira Sullivan, George Tucker, Nathen Page, Alfred “Pee Wee” Ellis, Jackie Davis, Rich Matteson, Jeff Rupert, and the University of Central Florida’s Jazz Professors.&#13;
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                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES MI&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Alkyer, Frank. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/319491298" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt; DownBeat--the Great Jazz Interviews: A 75th Anniversary Anthology&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Hal Leonard, 2009.</text>
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                  <text>Gioia, Ted. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/36245922" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;The History of Jazz&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.</text>
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                <text>An audio recording of "One by One," composed by Wayne Shorter (b. 1933) and performed by The Jazz Professors live on-air on WUCF-FM on December 10, 2007. The Jazz Professors is a sextet of professors from the University of Central Florida (UCF) in Orlando, Florida, who play professionally and have released two albums with Flying Horse Records, a professional jazz record label operated by the university. They have recorded and toured with a number of prominent guest musicians. The medium swinger, "One by One," was composed by Shorter and first recorded by Art Blakey (1919-1990) and the Jazz Messengers, with whom Shorter played tenor saxophone and was musical director, for their 1963 album, &lt;em&gt;Ugetsu: Art Blakey's Jazz Messengers at Birdland&lt;/em&gt;.</text>
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                <text>Originally composed by Wayne Shorter, performed by The Jazz Professors, and published by &lt;a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;WUCF-FM&lt;/a&gt;.</text>
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                <text>Copyright to this resource is held by Wayne Shorter and is provided here by &lt;a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES of Central Florida&lt;/a&gt; for educational purposes only.</text>
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                  <text>Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of jazz in Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around.&#13;
&#13;
The roots of jazz music began in the fields of the American South, as African-American slaves sang “call-and-response” work songs and “spirituals” to help them get through the brutal hours of forced labor. As Europeans immigrated to American cities in the late 19th century, they brought their musical traditions with them, and soon African-American musicians, such as Ernest Hogan and Scott Joplin, combined these styles with polyrhythmic African music, creating ragtime. New Orleans was an especially diverse cultural melting pot and became a place for musical experimentation by the early 1910s. European music merged with blues, folk, marching band music, and ragtime, creating a new genre called “jazz.”&#13;
&#13;
By the 1920s, the First Great Migration brought millions of African Americans to the urban Northeast and Midwest. Young, white Americans became enamored with jazz and blues music and the genre was soon being played on radio stations, at dancehalls, and in homes across the country. New York City, Kansas City, and Chicago began to establish their own styles of jazz. Big band swing became the most popular style of American music in the 1930s and 1940s.&#13;
&#13;
The most definitive feature of jazz is improvisation. The Great Depression forced many bands to cut down in size, leaving more space for intricate melodies and room for exploration. Bebop, which emerged in New York in the early 1940s, was aimed at a listening audience, rather than a dancing one, and became known as “musician’s music.” Bebop paved the way for Afro-Cuban and Latin jazz in the 1950s, when musicians, such as Dizzy Gillespie and Duke Ellington, incorporated Latin rhythms by playing with Cuban musicians in New York. The popularity of rock music in the 1960s and 1970s led to jazz-rock fusion, which combined improvisation with rock rhythms and amplified instruments. By the 1980s, smooth jazz emerged, creating a commercial form of the genre that drew criticism from many purists, who felt that the musicians were more concerned with making money than creating art with substance.&#13;
&#13;
Although Florida might not be as closely associated with jazz as cities like New Orleans, Chicago, and New York City, it has made significant contributions nonetheless. Afro-Cuban jazz developed simultaneously in New York City and Havana in the early 1940s, and Florida’s Cuban immigrants had a profound cultural impact on areas like Miami and Tampa. Since its foundation in 1979, the annual Jacksonville Jazz Festival has become one of the most popular jazz festivals in the country, featuring some of the top names in the genre, such as Dizzy Gillespie, Miles Davis, Count Basie, George Benson, and Herbie Hancock. The Clearwater Jazz Holiday began around the same time and has also evolved into a major international jazz festival. In addition to the legendary Sam Rivers, who moved to Orlando in the early 1990s and continued to perform until his death in 2011, Florida has been the home to a number of prominent jazz musicians, including Cedric Wallace, Ira Sullivan, George Tucker, Nathen Page, Alfred “Pee Wee” Ellis, Jackie Davis, Rich Matteson, Jeff Rupert, and the University of Central Florida’s Jazz Professors.&#13;
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                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/140" target="_blank"&gt;Central Florida Music History Collection&lt;/a&gt;, RICHES of Central Florida.</text>
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                  <text>Alkyer, Frank. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/319491298" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt; DownBeat--the Great Jazz Interviews: A 75th Anniversary Anthology&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Hal Leonard, 2009.</text>
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                  <text>Gioia, Ted. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/36245922" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;The History of Jazz&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.</text>
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                  <text>Ward, Geoffrey C., and Ken Burns. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42404676" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Jazz: A History of America's Music&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2000.</text>
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                <text>An audio recording of "Soul Eyes," composed by Mal Waldron (1925-2002) and performed by The Jazz Professors live on-air on WUCF-FM on December 10, 2007. &lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;The Jazz Professors are a sextet of professors from the University of Central Florida (UCF) in Orlando, Florida, who play professionally and have released two albums with Flying Horse Records, a professional jazz record label operated by the university. They have recorded and toured with a number of prominent guest musicians&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; "Soul Eyes" is a jazz standard first recorded for the 1957 Prestige All Stars album, &lt;em&gt;Interplay for 2 Trumpets and 2 Tenors&lt;/em&gt;. Composer Waldron, who was in the group, wrote the song with bandmate and tenor saxophonist, John Coltrane (1926-1967), in mind, who would make the song famous with his own recording in 1962.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/141" target="_blank"&gt;Jazz Collection&lt;/a&gt;, Central Florida Music History Collection, RICHES of Central Florida</text>
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                <text>Originally composed by Mal Waldron, performed by The Jazz Professors, and published by &lt;a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;WUCF-FM&lt;/a&gt;.</text>
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                <text>Copyright to this resource is held by Mal Waldron and is provided here by &lt;a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES of Central Florida&lt;/a&gt; for educational purposes only.</text>
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                <text>"&lt;a href="http://musicians.allaboutjazz.com/thejazzprofessors#.UZEjASucVPw" target="_blank"&gt;The Jazz Professors&lt;/a&gt;." Allaboutjazz.com. http://musicians.allaboutjazz.com/thejazzprofessors#.UZEjASucVPw (accessed March 9, 2015).</text>
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                  <text>Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of jazz in Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around.&#13;
&#13;
The roots of jazz music began in the fields of the American South, as African-American slaves sang “call-and-response” work songs and “spirituals” to help them get through the brutal hours of forced labor. As Europeans immigrated to American cities in the late 19th century, they brought their musical traditions with them, and soon African-American musicians, such as Ernest Hogan and Scott Joplin, combined these styles with polyrhythmic African music, creating ragtime. New Orleans was an especially diverse cultural melting pot and became a place for musical experimentation by the early 1910s. European music merged with blues, folk, marching band music, and ragtime, creating a new genre called “jazz.”&#13;
&#13;
By the 1920s, the First Great Migration brought millions of African Americans to the urban Northeast and Midwest. Young, white Americans became enamored with jazz and blues music and the genre was soon being played on radio stations, at dancehalls, and in homes across the country. New York City, Kansas City, and Chicago began to establish their own styles of jazz. Big band swing became the most popular style of American music in the 1930s and 1940s.&#13;
&#13;
The most definitive feature of jazz is improvisation. The Great Depression forced many bands to cut down in size, leaving more space for intricate melodies and room for exploration. Bebop, which emerged in New York in the early 1940s, was aimed at a listening audience, rather than a dancing one, and became known as “musician’s music.” Bebop paved the way for Afro-Cuban and Latin jazz in the 1950s, when musicians, such as Dizzy Gillespie and Duke Ellington, incorporated Latin rhythms by playing with Cuban musicians in New York. The popularity of rock music in the 1960s and 1970s led to jazz-rock fusion, which combined improvisation with rock rhythms and amplified instruments. By the 1980s, smooth jazz emerged, creating a commercial form of the genre that drew criticism from many purists, who felt that the musicians were more concerned with making money than creating art with substance.&#13;
&#13;
Although Florida might not be as closely associated with jazz as cities like New Orleans, Chicago, and New York City, it has made significant contributions nonetheless. Afro-Cuban jazz developed simultaneously in New York City and Havana in the early 1940s, and Florida’s Cuban immigrants had a profound cultural impact on areas like Miami and Tampa. Since its foundation in 1979, the annual Jacksonville Jazz Festival has become one of the most popular jazz festivals in the country, featuring some of the top names in the genre, such as Dizzy Gillespie, Miles Davis, Count Basie, George Benson, and Herbie Hancock. The Clearwater Jazz Holiday began around the same time and has also evolved into a major international jazz festival. In addition to the legendary Sam Rivers, who moved to Orlando in the early 1990s and continued to perform until his death in 2011, Florida has been the home to a number of prominent jazz musicians, including Cedric Wallace, Ira Sullivan, George Tucker, Nathen Page, Alfred “Pee Wee” Ellis, Jackie Davis, Rich Matteson, Jeff Rupert, and the University of Central Florida’s Jazz Professors.&#13;
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                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/140" target="_blank"&gt;Central Florida Music History Collection&lt;/a&gt;, RICHES of Central Florida.</text>
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                  <text>Alkyer, Frank. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/319491298" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt; DownBeat--the Great Jazz Interviews: A 75th Anniversary Anthology&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Hal Leonard, 2009.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/141" target="_blank"&gt;Jazz Collection&lt;/a&gt;, Central Florida Music History Collection, RICHES of Central Florida</text>
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                <text>Originally composed by Wayne Shorter, performed by The Jazz Professors, and published by &lt;a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;WUCF-FM&lt;/a&gt;.</text>
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                <text>Copyright to this resource is held by Wayne Shorter and is provided here by &lt;a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES of Central Florida&lt;/a&gt; for educational purposes only.</text>
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                  <text>Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of jazz in Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around.&#13;
&#13;
The roots of jazz music began in the fields of the American South, as African-American slaves sang “call-and-response” work songs and “spirituals” to help them get through the brutal hours of forced labor. As Europeans immigrated to American cities in the late 19th century, they brought their musical traditions with them, and soon African-American musicians, such as Ernest Hogan and Scott Joplin, combined these styles with polyrhythmic African music, creating ragtime. New Orleans was an especially diverse cultural melting pot and became a place for musical experimentation by the early 1910s. European music merged with blues, folk, marching band music, and ragtime, creating a new genre called “jazz.”&#13;
&#13;
By the 1920s, the First Great Migration brought millions of African Americans to the urban Northeast and Midwest. Young, white Americans became enamored with jazz and blues music and the genre was soon being played on radio stations, at dancehalls, and in homes across the country. New York City, Kansas City, and Chicago began to establish their own styles of jazz. Big band swing became the most popular style of American music in the 1930s and 1940s.&#13;
&#13;
The most definitive feature of jazz is improvisation. The Great Depression forced many bands to cut down in size, leaving more space for intricate melodies and room for exploration. Bebop, which emerged in New York in the early 1940s, was aimed at a listening audience, rather than a dancing one, and became known as “musician’s music.” Bebop paved the way for Afro-Cuban and Latin jazz in the 1950s, when musicians, such as Dizzy Gillespie and Duke Ellington, incorporated Latin rhythms by playing with Cuban musicians in New York. The popularity of rock music in the 1960s and 1970s led to jazz-rock fusion, which combined improvisation with rock rhythms and amplified instruments. By the 1980s, smooth jazz emerged, creating a commercial form of the genre that drew criticism from many purists, who felt that the musicians were more concerned with making money than creating art with substance.&#13;
&#13;
Although Florida might not be as closely associated with jazz as cities like New Orleans, Chicago, and New York City, it has made significant contributions nonetheless. Afro-Cuban jazz developed simultaneously in New York City and Havana in the early 1940s, and Florida’s Cuban immigrants had a profound cultural impact on areas like Miami and Tampa. Since its foundation in 1979, the annual Jacksonville Jazz Festival has become one of the most popular jazz festivals in the country, featuring some of the top names in the genre, such as Dizzy Gillespie, Miles Davis, Count Basie, George Benson, and Herbie Hancock. The Clearwater Jazz Holiday began around the same time and has also evolved into a major international jazz festival. In addition to the legendary Sam Rivers, who moved to Orlando in the early 1990s and continued to perform until his death in 2011, Florida has been the home to a number of prominent jazz musicians, including Cedric Wallace, Ira Sullivan, George Tucker, Nathen Page, Alfred “Pee Wee” Ellis, Jackie Davis, Rich Matteson, Jeff Rupert, and the University of Central Florida’s Jazz Professors.&#13;
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                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/140" target="_blank"&gt;Central Florida Music History Collection&lt;/a&gt;, RICHES of Central Florida.</text>
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                  <text>Arturo Sandoval Jazz Club, Deauville Beach Resort, Miami Beach, Florida</text>
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                  <text>Cepero, Laura</text>
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                  <text>Alkyer, Frank. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/319491298" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt; DownBeat--the Great Jazz Interviews: A 75th Anniversary Anthology&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Hal Leonard, 2009.</text>
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                  <text>Gioia, Ted. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/36245922" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;The History of Jazz&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.</text>
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                  <text>Ward, Geoffrey C., and Ken Burns. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42404676" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Jazz: A History of America's Music&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2000.</text>
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                <text>Original 7-minute and 10-second audio recording: Rupert, Jeff, Per  Danielsson, Michael Wilkinson, Bobby Koelblle, Richard Drexler, and Marty Morell. "Two Bats," by the Jazz Professors: &lt;a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;WUCF-FM&lt;/a&gt;, Orlando, Florida, December 10, 2007.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/141" target="_blank"&gt;Jazz Collection&lt;/a&gt;, Central Florida Music History Collection, RICHES of Central Florida</text>
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