1
100
12
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Florida Historical Quarterly Podcasts Collection
Alternative Title
FHQ Podcast Collection
Description
The <em>Florida Historical Quarterly </em>is the academic journal published four times per year by the Florida Historical Society in cooperation with the Department of History at the University of Central Florida. Each issue features peer-reviewed articles focusing on a wide variety of topics related to Florida history.
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>.
Language
eng
Type
Collection
Coverage
Florida
Contributing Project
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>
Curator
Burke, Mike
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/default" target="_blank">Florida Historical Society</a>
External Reference
"<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank">Florida Historical Quarterly</a>." Florida Historical Society. https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly.
"<a href="http://fhq.cah.ucf.edu" target="_blank">The Florida Historical Quarterly</a>." College of Arts and Humanities, University of Central Florida. http://fhq.cah.ucf.edu.
Sound/Podcast
A resource whose content is primarily intended to be rendered as audio.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Florida Historical Quarterly, Episode 5: Vol. 88, No. 4, Spring 2010
Alternative Title
Florida Historical Quarterly, Ep. 5
Subject
Gainesville (Fla.)
Miami (Fla.)
Coral Gables (Fla.)
Universities
Football--Florida
Sports--Florida
Description
This podcast features an interview with Derrick E. White, Assistant Professor of History at Florida Atlantic University. He wrote an article that appeared in this issue of <em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em>, titled "From Desegregation to Integration: Race, Football, and 'Dixie' at the University of Florida." This article is about Confederate memory and racial integration at Florida universities during the 1960s.
Type
Sound
Source
Original 19-minute and 17-second audio podcast by Connie Lester and Robert Cassanello, 2010: <a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>, Florida Historical Society, Cocoa, Florida.
Requires
Multimedia software, such as <a href="http://www.apple.com/quicktime/download/" target="_blank"> QuickTime</a>.
Is Part Of
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>, Florida Historical Society, Cocoa, Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/collections/show/184" target="_blank">Florida Historical Quarterly Podcast Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida.
Coverage
University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida
Creator
Lester, Connie L.
Cassanello, Robert
Publisher
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>
Contributor
White, Derrick E.
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/default" target="_blank">Florida Historical Society</a>
<a href="http://history.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">University of Central Florida, Department of History</a>
Date Created
2010
Date Issued
2010
Date Copyrighted
2010
Format
audio/mp3
Extent
17.6 MB
Medium
19-minute and 17-second audio podcast
Language
eng
Mediator
History Teacher
Provenance
Originally created by Connie Lester and Robert Cassanello and published by the <a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>.
Rights Holder
Copyright to this resource is held by the <a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/default" target="_blank">Florida Historical Society</a> and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only.
Accrual Method
Donation
Contributing Project
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>
Curator
Burke, Mike
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/default" target="_blank">Florida Historical Society</a>
External Reference
White, Derrick E. "<a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/29765122" target="_blank">From Desegregation to Integration: Race, Football, and "Dixie" at the University of Florida</a>." <em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em> 88, no. 4 (2010): 469-96. http://www.jstor.org/stable/29765122.
Nelson, David. "<a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/29765121" target="_blank">When Modern Tourism Was Born: Florida at the World Fairs and on the World Stage in the 1930s</a>." <em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em> 88, no. 4 (2010): 435-68. http://www.jstor.org/stable/29765121.
Hulse, Thomas. "<a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/29765123" target="_blank">Military Slave Rentals, the Construction of Army Fortifications, and the Navy Yard in Pensacola, Florida, 1824-1863</a>." <em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em> 88, no. 4 (2010): 497-539. http://www.jstor.org/stable/29765123.
Click to View (Movie, Podcast, or Website)
<a href="https://youtu.be/oHknwJ70a_s" target="_blank">Episode 5: Vol. 88, No. 4, Spring 2010</a>
Army
civil rights
Civil Rights Movement
Confederacy
Confederates
Connie Lester
construction
Coral Gables
David Nelson
demographics
demography
Derrick E. White
desegregation
Dixie
Dixie's Land
education
extracurricular
FDOA
FHQ
Florida Department of Agriculture
Florida Historical Quarterly
football
fortifications
forts
Gainesville
Great Depression
I Wish I Was in Dixie
integration
LeRoy Collins
Miami
military slave rentals
music
Navy
Navy Yards
Old South
Pensacola
Pensacola Navy Yard
race relations
Robert Cassanello
segregation
slavery
slaves
songs
sporting
sports
Sun Belt
Thomas Hulse
Thomas LeRoy Collins
tourism
UA
UF
UM
University of Alabama
University of Florida
University of Miami
World Fair
-
https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/cd74f6d4f021c278f1ade750cb885974.pdf
bdd511db4f3e441d5ee27c985c92705a
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
General Collection
Description
Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around.
Florida was first inhabited by Paleo-Indians as early as 14,000 years ago. By the 16th century, several distinct Native American tribes inhabited present-day Florida, primarily the Apalachee of the Panhandle, the Timucua of North and Central Florida), the Ais of the Central Atlantic Coast, the Tocobaga of the Tampa Bay area, the Calusa of Southwest Florida, and the Tequesta of the Southeast Florida.
In 1513, Juan Ponce de León of Spain became the earliest known European explorer to arrive in Florida. During the 16th, 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries, Spanish, French, and English pioneers settled various parts of the states, though not all settlement were successful. Most of the region was owned by Spain, until it was ceded to the United States via the Adams–Onís Treaty of 1819. On March 3, 1845, Florida earned statehood. Florida was marred by nearly constant warfare with the Native Americans in the region, particularly with the Seminoles during the Seminole Wars.
On January 10, 1861, Florida seceded from the Union and joined the Confederate States of American on January 20th. The state's participation in the Civil War revolved mostly around the transportation of goods via ships.
On June 25, 1868, Florida regained its representation in Congress. During the Reconstruction period, Florida drafted a new state constitution, which included statues that effectively disenfranchised its African-American citizens, as well as many poor white citizens.
Through much of its early history, Florida's economy relied heavily upon agriculture, especially citrus, cattle, sugarcane, tomatoes, and strawberries. Florida's tourism industry developed greatly with the economic prosperity of the 1920s. However, this was halted by devastating hurricanes in the second half of the decade, the Wall Street Crash of 1929, and the Great Depression. The economy would not fully recover until manufacturing was stimulated by World War II. As of 2014, Florida was the third most populous state in the country.
Contributor
Humphrey, Daphne F.
Alternative Title
General Collection
Subject
Florida
Eatonville (Fla.)
Orlando (Fla.)
Winter Park (Fla.)
Sanford (Fla.)
Daytona Beach (Fla.)
New Smyrna Beach (Fla.)
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>.
Language
eng
Type
Collection
Coverage
Eatonville, Florida
Orlando, Florida
Winter Park, Florida
Sanford , Florida
Daytona Beach, Florida
New Smyrna Beach, Florida
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
External Reference
"<a href="http://dos.myflorida.com/florida-facts/florida-history/" target="_blank">Florida History</a>." Florida Department of State. http://dos.myflorida.com/florida-facts/florida-history/.
<span>Knotts, Bob. </span><a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/49672975" target="_blank"><em>Florida History</em></a><span>. Chicago: Heinemann Library, 2003.</span>
Oral History
A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge.
Interviewer
Lester, Connie L.
Clark, James C.
Interviewee
Hitt, John C.
Berridge, Randolph E.
Panousis, Peter T.
Holsenbeck, Dan
Martine, Carrie
Pynn, Roger
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Oral History of the Florida High-Tech Corridor Council
Alternative Title
Oral History of the Florida High-Tech Corridor Council
Subject
High technology--United States
Colleges
Universities
Orlando (Fla.)
Tampa (Fla.)
Gainesville (Fla.)
Description
An oral history interview of John C. Hitt, Randolph E. Berridge, Dr. Peter T. Panousis, Dan Holsenbeck, Carrie Martine, and Roger Pynn regarding the Florida High Tech Corridor Council. This interview conducted by Dr. Connie L. Lester and James C. Clark at the Board Room in the Office of University of Central Florida President John C. Hitt on December 3rd, 2012. The Florida High Tech Corridor Council (FHTCC) is an economic development initiative whose mission is to foster the high technology industry in Florida's High Tech Corridor, which spans 23 counties with rich industries in aerospace engineering, modeling and simulation, optics and photonics, digital media, and medical technologies. The council consists of the University of Central Florida (UCF) in Orlando, the University of South Florida (USF) in Tampa, and the University of Florida (UF) in Gainesville. In 1996, the Florida Legislature passed an act founding the FHTCC to support the 21-county service areas of UCF and USF. Its original mission was to expand research and educational partnerships in order to retain the Cirent Semiconductor water fabrication facility located in Orlando, Florida. In 1997, the development of all technology industries across Central Florida was added to the FHTCC's mission. UF joined the partnership in 2005.<br /><br />Interview topics include: how the High Tech Corridor Council began, the Dallas-Fort Worth Corridor in Texas, Charlie Reed, reinvesting the original funding, expanding partnerships, Silicon Valley, Lynda Weatherman and economic development in Brevard County, the “Core Team” and the “Pajama Hotline,” the Florida Virtual Entrepreneur Center, serving as a model for other regions, the role of venture capitalism, workforce development, the expansion of the corridor, the impact of the business community on approval of university projects, and future challenges.
Table Of Contents
0:00:01 Introduction<br />0:00:53 How the Florida High Tech Corridor Council began<br />0:07:24 Taking the plan to the Florida State Legislature<br />0:13:37 The Dallas-Fort Worth Corridor and project conception<br />0:20:11 Intellectual property<br />0:25:47 Charlie Reed<br />0:28:43 Reinvesting the original funding<br />0:31:10 Expanding partnerships and funding<br />0:35:57 Silicon Valley<br />0:40:02 Role of partnership in the success of the Corridor<br />0:48:18 Lynda Weatherman and Economic Development in Brevard County<br />0:51:01 “Core Team” and the “Pajama Hotline”<br />0:54:40 Florida Virtual Entrepreneur Center<br />0:58:46 A model for other regions<br />1:02:10 Growing and retaining versus buying jobs<br />1:13:27 Role of venture capitalism<br />1:20:35 Workforce development<br />1:27:52 Expansion of the Corridor<br />1:39:08 Impact of business community on approval of university projects<br />1:42:28 Future challenges
Abstract
Oral history interview of John C. Hitt, Randolph E. Berridge, Dr. Peter T. Panousis, Dan Holsenbeck, Carrie Martine, and Roger Pynn. Interview conducted by Dr. Connie L. Lester and James C. Clark.
Type
Moving Image
Source
Original 1-hour, 59-minute, and 19-second oral history: Hitt, John C., Randolph E. Berridge, Dr. Peter T. Panousis, Dan Holsenbeck, Carrie Martine, and Roger Pynn. Interviewed by Dr. Connie L. Lester and James C. Clark. December 3, 2012. Audio/video record available. <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>, Orlando, Florida.
Requires
<a href="http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer/" target="_blank"> Adobe Flash Player</a>
<a href="http://java.com/en/download/index.jsp" target="_blank"> Java</a>
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/collections/show/36" target="_blank">General Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida.
Has Format
50-paged typed digital transcript of original 1-hour, 59-minute, and 19-second oral history: Hitt, John C., Randolph E. Berridge, Dr. Peter T. Panousis, Dan Holsenbeck, Carrie Martine, and Roger Pynn. Interviewed by Dr. Connie L. Lester and James C. Clark. December 3, 2012. Audio/video record available. <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>, Orlando, Florida.
Coverage
University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
AT&T Semiconductor Plant, Orlando, Florida
Gray-Robinson Law Firm, Orlando, Florida
Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
Silicon Valley, Sunnyvale, California
Lake Nona Medical City, Orlando, Florida
Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, Florida
Economic Development Commission of Florida's Space Coast, Rockledge, Florida
National Academy of Inventors, Tampa, Florida
Department of Economic Opportunity, Tallahassee, Florida
Florida High Tech Corridor Council, Heathrow, Florida
Harrah's Cherokee Casino, Cherokee, North Carolina
GrowFl: Florida Economic Gardening Institute, Orlando, Florida
Metro Orlando Economic Development Commission, Orlando, Florida
Florida Power & Light Company, Winter Park, Florida
Central Florida Research Park, Orlando, Florida
Creator
Lester, Connie L.
Hitt, John C.
Berridge, Randolph E.
Panousis, Peter T.
Holsenbeck, Dan
Clark, James C.
Martine, Carrie
Pynn, Roger
Publisher
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>
Contributor
Dickens, Bethany
Date Created
2012-12-03
Date Modified
2015-01-26
Date Copyrighted
2012-12-03
Format
video/mp4
application/pdf
Extent
298 MB
383 KB
Medium
1-hour, 59-minute, and 19-second audio/video recording
50-page typed digital transcript
Language
eng
Mediator
History Teacher
Civics/Government Teacher
Economics Teacher
Science Teacher
Provenance
Originally created by Dr. Connie L. Lester, James C. Clark, John C. Hitt, Randolph E. Berridge, Dr. Peter T. Panousis, Dan Holsenbeck, Carrie Martine, and Roger Pynn and published by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>.
Rights Holder
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>
Accrual Method
Item Creation
Contributing Project
<a href="http://www.floridahightech.com/%20target=">Florida High Tech Corridor Council</a>
Curator
Cravero, Geoffrey
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>
External Reference
"<a href="http://www.floridahightech.com/about/" target="_blank">ABOUT</a>." Florida High Tech Corridor. http://www.floridahightech.com/about/.
Burnett, Richard. "<a href="http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2010-09-19/business/os-cfb-tech-corridor-092010-20100919_1_grant-program-florida-high-tech-corridor-council-advocacy-group" target="_blank">Technology: Local council's grant program wins award</a>." <em>The Orlando Sentinel</em>, September 19, 2010. http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2010-09-19/business/os-cfb-tech-corridor-092010-20100919_1_grant-program-florida-high-tech-corridor-council-advocacy-group.
Florida High Tech Corridor Council. "<a href="http://www.floridahightech.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Press-Kit-florida.HIGH_.TECH-2014.pdf%20target=">florida.HIGH.TECH 2014: The Guide to Florida's High Tech Corridor</a>." Florida High Tech Corridor Council. http://www.floridahightech.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Press-Kit-florida.HIGH_.TECH-2014.pdf.
Manning, Margie. "<a href="http://www.bizjournals.com/tampabay/print-edition/2011/09/30/high-tech-corridor-matching-grants.html?page=all" target="_blank">High Tech Corridor matching grants create billion-dollar economic engine</a>." <em>Tampa Bay Business Journal</em>, September 30, 2010. http://www.bizjournals.com/tampabay/print-edition/2011/09/30/high-tech-corridor-matching-grants.html?page=all.
Click to View (Movie, Podcast, or Website)
<a href="https://youtu.be/W3_zduqV0s8" target="_blank">Oral History of the Florida High-Tech Corridor Council</a>
Transcript
<p><strong>Clark<br /></strong>Can you tighten up?</p>
<p><strong>Panousis<br /></strong>Oh.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>Come on over Peter. Just from a standpoint of getting—we want to get pictures and video for the archives.</p>
<p><strong>Lester<br /></strong>And can I do one thing before we start?</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>Oh, no.</p>
<p><strong>Panousis<br /></strong>Should I get this out of the way?</p>
<p><strong>Lester<br /></strong>Best practices says that we need to get a—a release so that we can use this. So I am going to send this around.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>Doing exactly what you’re supposed to do.</p>
<p><strong>Lester<br /></strong>Yes [<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>And so while you guys are—are signing those, I mean, I just—I—I shared some of these questions with you earlier today but, [Dr.] Connie [L. Lester] is—is leading this effort in the—in the [University of Central Florida] History Department, and Jim Clark has been working very closely with her, and Bethany [Dickens] is—you’re a graduate student, right?</p>
<p><strong>Dickens<br /></strong>Mmhmm. Yes, sir.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>And we’ve been on a—some months’ quest to review everything that we have in our archives about the [Florida High Tech] Corridor and—and how it evolved, but in a meeting that we had—I guess a couple of months back—both Connie and Jim said, “You know, it would really be helpful to have the anecdotal background. The opportunity to sit and—and talk with this team.” Because we had described how it all began and how you four worked together to make it happen, and so I volunteered that I—no. The first idea was that I was going to take everybody out to lunch. We didn’t get there [<em>laughs</em>], but it—it really would be helpful if you all could just think back a little bit before we get into any questions or any specifics. Think back to how this all began. Randy,<a title="">[1]</a> I think you probably picked up the ball and Kerry it from [Dr.] Pete[r T. Panousis]’s office to John [C. Hitt] and started the conversation, and maybe you—maybe you want to, Dan…</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>We had…</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>First, I can’t remember.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>We had a council of some 25 division heads of AT&T [Inc.] representing about 6,000 employees. I had the smallest division, and I was the oldest and the dumbest, so I got to chair the thing [<em>laughs</em>], and tried for 12 years to pass that gavel on to someone else—unsuccessfully.</p>
<p>In [19]95, Peter and Peter’s associate, Bob Cook, had shared that there was a major expansion that was going to happen to their semi-conductor manufacturing operation, then located on the south side of Orlando[, Florida], and it had the potential of being up to 1.4 billion and 1,500 jobs. Normally, that kind of operation gets most people’s attention, but the concern was that the expansion, at the time, looked like it was going to happen offshore, based on incentives that were ladled to the tune of $90 million. Payable in two years, and what we had in Florida at the time—thanks to some research that Charlie Gray, founder of the Gray-Robinson Law Firm—and—and I had the pleasure of helping with—was that Florida had about 6 million [dollars] payable over seven years, and so, with Charlie’s help, we negotiated another 6 million, also payable over seven years. So those of you who are really good at net present value calculations: if you had 90 million incentives payable over 2 versus 12 payable over seven, I think I am pretty sure which—which one you would pick.</p>
<p>We had several things going for us. We had a great management team that didn’t necessarily—didn’t want to move to Madrid[, Spain]. We had a facility that was built three times larger in the early 80s than needed at that time that we could readily expand into, but more importantly, we had a research capability provided by UCF [University of Central Florida] and USF [University of South Florida] that was not available offshore.</p>
<p>And so one day on the golf course—Roger [Prynn], you were there—we shared with John that we are fighting a potentially losing battle regarding this facility and, John, you said, “Well what—what do you need? What do you—what do you have the potential of having here that you don’t have offshore?” And we replied, “A research commitment that UCF and its professors and USF and its—have been providing for quite some time.” So John, you checked with Betty Castor, then-president of USF and came back with a commitment of $20 million, payable over 10 years—1 million per year, per school—of real asset. Not something where we would try to figure out what it was, but a real asset and that made the difference. Peter, why don’t you…</p>
<p><strong>Panousis<br /></strong>Let me add a little bit to the first part. The—the opportunity to move to Spain—the Spanish government providing the—the extra money—may have been appealing to some people, but it wasn’t to me [<em>laughs</em>], and it also wasn’t to a group of 100 engineers we had moved from New Jersey and Pennsylvania to Florida just six months before that, and so we really, really wanted to find some way to stay in Florida. We liked the facility, we liked living here, and we certainly didn’t want to move again, and we weren’t quite also all that sure about what would happen if we moved to Spain, just because I could feel the boat rocking, and so, when the opportunity to—came up to find alternatives, we jumped at those opportunities, because they were important to us, as I believe they would have been to the State of Florida, and so we’re—we are in the right mood for that kind of operation.</p>
<p>And the thing that made a difference is—I think Randy talked about the money. You looked at the money that was on the table, and if—if it was just money, you go to Spain. You wouldn’t—you wouldn’t come here, but what was being offered and what we worked out after a while with the—with the universities was an opportunity to couple in to two universities—two large universities—and—and connect to the research base in a way that we could never have been able do in Spain, and we really were a very high-tech company. We were leading edge in the semi-conductor field. So having that kind of support was worth a lot of money, and so it became—it became an easier sell when we could go back to the board of directors and say, “Look what we can do here,” compared to “what we can do there,” and—and it worked.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>So what was the—what was the process, Dan, that took it to the [Florida State] Legislature? Took it to the next step and actually resulted in the creation of the entity?</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>Well, as the mathematics, that Randy explained, boil down to a million dollars a year for each of the institutions to offset the million dollars a year worth of research. Whether that was in-kind or actually whatever it might have been, it had a value of about a million dollars, and so, our charge by the president was to try to find, you know, additional cash from the Legislature to make that happen.</p>
<p>So my colleague, who has since retired at USF, Kathy Betancourt and I started to work together on a strategy to simply to get a million dollar earmark. We didn’t think we could get a million apiece, but we thought we could get a million total. So our first visit was to [Antoinette] “Toni” Jennings, who was President of the [Florida] Senate and—from here, and we proposed to her a million dollars, and she said, “A million is too much. Seven figures is difficult for the Legislature to absorb right now. I don’t think we’d even talk about it. Anything less than that for a major project …”</p>
<p>But anyway, she said, “Why don’t you settle on something a little bit lower? How about 850 [thousand]?” And of course, Kathy and I said, “Yes, ma’am. 850 is fine,” and actually, Toni was not president of the Senate at that time…</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>She was Chairman of the [Committee on] Rules…</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>She was Chairman of the Rules, exactly. About to be President of the Senate, and so she sent us down to—to see the Chairman of [Committee on] Appropriations at that point, who was the infamous Senator Tilders. I don’t make a personality judgment by saying “infamous,” but he was famous in some ways and not so famous in others probably, but Kathy and I went to visit with him and he said, “Did Senator Jennings approve of this and ask for this?” And we both said, “Yes, sir,” and his response, which I’ll never forget, was, “Whatever that young lady wants, I’ll give her.”</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>[<em>laughs</em>] Young lady…</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck</strong>So the Senate was going to put $850,000 in the budget. The second part of that—and the president was a witness to it—I probably ought to let a witness tell a truth rather than me embellish the story.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Oh, I’m eager to hear it.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>All right, but…</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>Y’all have already heard some revisionist history so far [<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>But our next step was to go to the [Florida] House [of Representatives] because we had a commitment from the powers in the Senate, and there are lots of other commitments too in the Senate. [John Hugh] “Buddy” Dyer, for example. I mean, Buddy was, at the time, one of the leading Democratic [Party] Senators. I think he was later majority—I mean minority leader, but we had his full support from the very beginning. So Senator Jennings knew that she—with her support and with the minority leader’s support—because you were in Buddy Dyer’s district at the time—that was pretty good.</p>
<p>But we had to cultivate the House, and that’s the way those things do, you have to go back and forth. So Representative Alzo [J.] Reddick happened to be Chairman in a Democratically-controlled House of the Committee on Transportation and Economic Development Funding at the time. So the president and I went to visit him and talk through the project and so forth, and ask him for a million dollars, and he said, “I’ll do it,” and then he calls his staff director in from around the corner—I forget what his name was—and the staff director comes in and Alzo says, “I want a million dollars in the budget for this project,” and he says, “Well, what is it and what will—will he do?” And that’s the source of the tale that whatever it is I had in my pocket.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>It was an envelope, as I recall.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>Yeah. I just wrote down, “Million dollars for UCF, USF, and AT&T to grow, retain, and attract high technology industry to the I[nterstate]-4 High Technology Corridor,” and we handed that to the staff director, and that’s how it came out in the bill, and that’s what the source is of that original language. Now you got a million dollars in the House, and 850 in the Senate. Guess what happens when you go to [U.S.] Congress? Randy gets $925,000, and that’s where the original appropriation came from, and it was also funded through Enterprise Florida—which a lot of people forget—which created some interesting situations later on.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>Had we created Enterprise at that point? I didn’t realize that.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>About the same time.</p>
<p><strong>Panousis<br /></strong>Let me—let me add a little to that, because there’s a piece that I think you might find interesting. I still remember the very first meeting we had. I met John and Betty Castor and the airport and we went to see Charlie [Bass] Reed, and I didn’t know any of them at the time. We all met for the first time and Charlie Reed was the [State University System of Florida] Chancellor of Education at the time, and—and basically I wanted to—all I was there for was to get some money out of the—out of the universities. I wanted $10 million. He—after he stopped laughing, said, “No. don’t you understand? Companies give us your money. We don’t give them money.” [<em>laughs</em>] And we had a discussion about that, but after—after we were done and John—that’s where John showed, at least for me, the very first picture of High-Tech Corridor —the lights along the two coasts…</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>It’s there. Right there.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>That middle thing there.</p>
<p><strong>Panousis<br /></strong>I remember him showing that, and describing the way—at that time it was—it was Dallas[, Texas] and…</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Dallas and Fort Worth[, Texas].</p>
<p><strong>Panousis<br /></strong>And Fort Worth. Growing together and—that’s the picture he had, and—and in that discussion, I think Charlie Reed sort of bought into it pretty—pretty well.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Panousis<br /></strong>And as—at the end of the meeting he said, “Look. I don’t know how to do this.” But—but we shook hands and he said, “I’ll find a way,” and I think what you described was the way.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>The way.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>I think you need to share—since you shared it with the board of governors and your fellow presidents—the idea—the corridor coming to you…</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Oh, yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>In the shower, you know?</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>It drives Dan [Holsenbeck] crazy to hear this story. Thanks Randy [<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Well, Dan will get over it [<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>We all take showers, Dan.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>I—I know. I know.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Your historians are wondering what’s coming.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>I know. Well, early in my time here, I had driven pretty much coast to coast to the center part of the state, and, you could see along I-4 infill of population, and I’d watched that process take place in my native state of Texas, between Dallas and Fort Worth. When I was a boy, you could see, you know, area between them was ranch land, there were a lot of cattle grazing along the side of the highway. You know, it was really a rural environment. Well, by the time I left Texas in—in ‘77, they had pretty well grown together, and if you’re—if you’ve driven along it in—in the last 20 years or so, you know, it’s—it’s one big, continuous metropolitan area now, but, you know, it occurred to me pretty strongly there—there are thousands and thousands and thousands of people who are moving in, and a lot of them settle right along that corridor, that, you know, essentially goes from the Tampa Bay area to—to the—the Daytona [Beach] area. But, you know, it sort of spills down towards the Space Coast as well, and the question in my mind is what kind of jobs are they going to have? Now, we’ve got a great hospitality industry here in—in Central Florida and, you know, it—it is the backbone of our economy in this—in—in this part of our state. Really for our whole state, but if you think about the—the distribution of pay for the jobs that they’ve got, it’s biased towards lower in—income employment. Now all jobs are good jobs. You think about it, there’s—if the alternative is unemployment, just about any job’s a good job, but, it—it just occurred to me that, if we really are going to have the kind of jobs we want our kids and grandkids to have, it would be really helpful if you could find a way to bring in more high tech industry, and it seemed to me that we had a good chance with two large state institutions, each of which had a strong engineering program, a strong business program, the—the natural laboratory sciences to support research and development. We really could have a—a guiding effect, if you will, on the development of the economy, and I had proposed to—to Betty Castor, before Peter came on the—on the scene, that we try and put together a cooperative endeavor and get some state funding for it, and—and Betty just had too many other things on her plate at that time, you know. She didn’t really respond all that favorably, you know, and I—you know, I didn’t take that as a bad thing. I figured, <em>Well, we’ve got time—time.</em> We’ll win her over soon or later on this. It’s a good idea, and we just went on.</p>
<p>Well then, Pete’s opportunity challenge presented itself, and I think what you saw was the value of a good organizing concept. It—it—there’s nothing all that overpowering about the idea. It’s just—it’s—it’s just sort of an observation. <em>Gee, Dallas and Fort Worth grew together, I think I see the same kind of process beginning here in—in Central Florida. Isn’t that interesting?</em> Well, then you think about two universities, and well, <em>Maybe we could have an influence on what kind of jobs get developed, maybe we could raise the—the prospects for high tech industry</em>, and then, guess what? We get a really high tech industry who is wanting our help, and we were able to get enough people excited about the possibility to really do something, and—I—I’ve said repeatedly, with—without the opportunity to work with Peter, all we’ve got’s kind of an interesting idea. You know, better than no idea at all, but it probably would have come to very little if we hadn’t had a—large-scale employer in a high tech business who really wanted and needed our help. You know, I think wanted more than needed. You would have gone somewhere, you know. You would have gone to Spain or somewhere else without us, but, you know, you wanted our help, and sometimes wanting something is every bit an important or more than needing.</p>
<p>So we were able to put together an idea, and Dan’s memory is just as mine—we had it, you know—it was the focus right then when we were at Alzo’s outer office—was retention. We had the foresight to put—attract, grow, and retain in that bill, and that is indeed what let us go from this one instance to a general operation that recruits, grows and, we hope, retains high tech industry. It—it’s been a very interesting thing to watch—and you know—and without—without Peter, you don’t have much. Without Dan’s skills in the Legislature we don’t have much and without Randy’s determined leadership—and excellent leadership over the years—we probably wouldn’t have nearly what we have.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>That’s very kind.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>So it pays to take showers, you know? [<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Panousis<br /></strong>It was—it was—a very unique partnership. I had—I had a lot of years at AT&T and we had lots of partnerships with companies in the universities, but generally they were—they were designed for very specific application, and generally they were tense, because the other companies are competitors and the universities really did what Charlie Reed said, “Give me the money and I’ll give it back, with 200, half the time,” and what was happening in this relationship is—is right from the beginning. in fact, the legislation you put together called out that this was a partnership, that there were certain rights that the company—AT&T had—to the intellectual property, which was truly unique.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Panousis<br /></strong>And—and it made a big difference, because now we could get research support from two universities and we didn’t have to give up the intellectual property that was generated in the process of doing them, and that was really, a big—and big deal, and I—I still remember telling other people about that and they wouldn’t believe it. They said, “It couldn’t be, couldn’t be, couldn’t be.” In fact, some other universities said it was illegal, even though it was in the legislation [<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Yeah, well, one university very distinctly [<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>Pete, I can remember you saying back then that you had—we were sitting together at the plant one day—you’d never had relationships with universities like this. This is unheard of.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Well, a prevailing model at universities was that the industrial partner ought to throw money over a transom and come back in several years to hear what the university had done with it.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>Well, let’s not preclude that.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>And feel suitably proud, you know? Guess what, you know? When money is not terribly plentiful, the enthusiasm for that gets pretty darn scarce and the other—the other side is the intellectual property side. The university still does well out of this—and when you get to these partnerships, you know, my sense is that most universities want to control 100 percent and they end up with something about this big, and they think that’s better than having 20 percent of something this big, and I’ve never quite seen that point of view get you anywhere.</p>
<p><strong>Panousis<br /></strong>And it’s interesting. In all the time we worked together, I can’t think of any single case where we had a serious disagreement about intellectual property. It just wasn’t that big of a deal. The people—people are paranoid about it.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Yeah, it’s a principle, you know?</p>
<p><strong>Panousis<br /></strong>It’s a principle. It’s a principle.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>I’ve had the pleasure of approving 12—more than 1,200 research projects. Dan, more than half of those with UCF. My—my case with UCF, USF, and UF. I can count on the digits—less than the digits on one hand—the projects we did not get to because of an issue over intellectual property, and when you—when you share that with an audience that—that has this perception that there’s going to be an issue, and you share well—wait a minute. We’ve done 1,200 of them with 400 companies, where we’ve put up over 56 million [dollars] to fund those projects—from Carter funds at UCF, USF, and UF, and we have more than 160 million [dollars] in corporate cash and in-kind at the time we do the project and more than a billion on top of that in downstream return to the university—to the companies, and yet in—in—in going on—about to finish 16 years, we have had really not had an issue on intellectual property, because the companies see it—that—well, this is unique. Our hometown university wants to help us. They’re not asking for the money back. Where is the value? And the value is the partnership with the company that creates more jobs, creates more intellectual value, and by the way—we’ve got an outside, investigator/researcher that’s showed there’s more than a billion returned to our local economy from—from this program.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>Yeah, let me—let me just say that Randy had an awful lot to do with those languages and that we were able to translate into legislation, and the actual legislation that you’re talking about Peter, where that language about the IP was? Was part of the matching tax exception—matching grant program? And I always thought that pulling that off as a collective effort —taking advantage of really the goodwill of the company—the essence of that bill said that the Legislature would put aside another package of incentive moneys—not just the money that we were operating the Carter on the doing research with—but they put aside another pot of money that if Cirent[?] would take the tax-exemption that they were given under the incentive laws. That if they would take the taxes, they would have paid and send it over to the university, the State would match it out of that fund. So all of a sudden, both institutions were able to do really big things at once like our materials lab.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>That’s where out materials lab—to this day, seems one of the best in the southeast, maybe in the country—comes from.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>AMPAC [Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center].</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>That’s right. That’s where…</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>AMPAC.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>That’s where USF’s—what’s it called? Center of Metrology?</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>Center for…</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Center for Materials Research. Sam R., I think. Center for Materials Research.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>So that was another, part of that whole deal—the tax-exempt matching grants that’s kind of gone away, because they don’t have any money to match it with anymore, but I always thought that was a—one year—in one of the later years, the Legislature decided to sweep together everything that they were funding for the High-Tech Corridor, because they all wanted to take credit for a big deal. So when they pulled together all the operational funds and showed the tax-exempt matching, there’s a line—and I forget what year in the budget—that shows something like 25-26 billion dollars. Charlie’s in California. So I cut that out, sent it to him, and said, “Charlie, if you’ve ever seen a bigger turkey in Florida, I want you to let me know.” [<em>laughs</em>] And he wrote me back and he said, “Nope. That’s got to be it.” It was a $25 million line-item in the budget that pulled all that stuff together one year.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Help with the name—is it <em>The Chronicle of Higher Education</em>?</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Is that the right term? I believe both of you about the same time shared with me an article that our friend Charlie Reed crafted that appeared in there, where he took credit for the Corridor and—and explained his version of what it’s all about, and it’s—that’s pretty special, knowing where it came from.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>Can I tell you one more quick[sic] story about Charlie? The first year was 950,000 and then it jumped a little bit and—we were looking for—in one of the years, we were looking for—I think it was another million and a half for each of us, and we wound up getting 1.7 million and USF got 1.5. So we’re down in the committee room where they are about to vote on it and make the decision. By the way, the Chairman of the Appropriations Committee, making this happen, under Speaker Dan[iel Allan] Webster, is Orange County School Superintendent—no. School Board Chairman Bill Sublette—he’s the Chairman of that committee.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>That’s right. I forgot that.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>That’s right. Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>So Charlie comes up to us, with Kathy and me with his entourage—which is not unusual for Charlie—comes blustering and says, “I just took care of it. We’ve taken care of everything. You’re going to get a million and a half,” and Kathy and I looked at each other and said, “Charlie, you mean—million and a half each?” And he said, “Oh, no, no, no. just a million and a half.” I said, “Charlie, the bill’s about to come out. It’s a million and a half each,” and there was a five million appropriation for research, so we were going to get basically two-thirds of that money or—or close to it, and Charlie did not speak to Kathy and me for a couple of weeks after that [<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>It’s not nice to tell the Chancellor he’s wrong.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>By the way, the original funding—9—925—the original funding, UCF got 300 for corridor funds—corridor projects. USF got 300 and AT&T got 325. Ask him if he ever took the money.</p>
<p><strong>Lester<br /></strong>Did you?</p>
<p><strong>Panousis<br /></strong>Nope.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>No recurrent funding invested back in the corridor.</p>
<p><strong>Panousis<br /></strong>We—we…</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>Used it to run this Corridor center.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Sixteen—privacy of this room—for 16 years, we’ve invested that money back into the corridor to help market the region as a high-tech region. That’s pretty special.</p>
<p><strong>Panousis<br /></strong>The thing we—we needed from universities was the research.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Panousis<br /></strong>We didn’t need the money. I mean, the money’s nice. We would have taken it, but if you, you know—if you think of the numbers just over the whole period time, we spent a little over a billion dollars. We were exempted, most of that time, for the 6 percent sales tax. That’s 60 million dollars. By giving up fairly significant piece of that—almost all of that—to the university that was doubled by the State to close to 120 million dollars that was shared between the two universities. That’s a lot of money. I still remember the time we were sitting there thinking about how to spend it [<em>laughs</em>]. That was tough to do.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>The results of that effort—not only the great research projects and the marketing comes to us by the way of Roger Pynn and Kerry Martine. It’s interesting when an organization outside of our state shares nationally the top technology regions in the country based on information from January of 2012 to August 2012, and I know if I were a better teacher or instructor, I’d have a better show and tell graph. I gave a speech this morning out at its—its—and I did the same thing to the audience, it—even the first row couldn’t see it, but what it portrays is…</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>Randy, we prepare you better than that. Don’t you ever do that again [<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>What is portrays is the top regions in the country, and we’re number four, ahead of the Research Triangle and ahead of—of Austin[, Texas], and—and the major one is the number of high-tech job openings. A positive statement that our region —we’d like to have top talent come here as well as graduate from here. So it says Florida High-Tech Corridor.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>That’s neat.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>That’s certainly a manifestation of grow, retain, and attract.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>And Dan—when—when you were going through that review of the expansion of the state funding, since it’s a history project—I’m not sure, Connie, that we have been able to—and if we have, Kerry [Martine] can take credit for it—accurately give you a timeline of the progression of the funding. I think it would be very helpful to have. Maybe we can work with someone.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>We have it. We—it’s—we had to go through digging it out, But yeah. We can show you the bills and the amount of money each time.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>So you see, it wasn’t just a one-time thing. We—if it had just been for the initial bill, that provided people that the research they needed, we’d have been a one-hit wonder and this would—none of us would be here today, but this was about the evolution of partnerships, and—and—and John realized very quickly afterward, we had something here. Once he pulled it off with AT&T, he says, “Hey, you know, we’ve got a good deal here. We can help other people,” and that led to the MGRP. The idea that we can create research projects on an ongoing basis. Bringing companies on campus to do it, and—and having them kick the tires of young students—as their graduate students, as their research partners. Just to—just to…</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Give M. J. Soileau some credit for helping devise the program.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>True.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>And working with the folks at USF in making sure the programs mirrored each other.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Yeah, it’s been interesting watching all that, you know, even with M. J. The first response is, “How do I get part of that money?” [<em>laughs</em>]. “How do I—how do I get my share—my fair share of the money?” And then it evolves. You see people start to understand, “Oh, there is no share—fair share. It’s all money that’s there for a purpose.” “How do I get to be part of the purpose?” is really the—the question to ask, and if you—if you—I think if you conceive of it properly, it’s money that attracts business leaders to the campus and incents faculty members to work with them.</p>
<p>The big complaint you still hear today is, “How do I get the faculty to work with industry?” Or “How do I get industry to work with faculty?” Well, you put some money on the table to do good things and you—you—you get a little entrepreneurial interest. Which is what we’ve done, and Pete, you’re, you know—you—without you in all of this, I don’t think we’re celebrating anything today, but that’s basically, you know, between the Legislature and Dan’s good influence there, and the leadership we’ve had from Peter and Randy. We—we’ve created a self-perpetuating cycle at this point. Virtuous cycle.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>This is a small world we live in. What are the odds that we’d have this conversation today, and the new VP[Vice President] of Engagement<a title="">[2]</a> at FIU [Florida International University] wanted to set a meeting and the only time we could do it was before this meeting, and her predecessor was promoted to Provost in Virginia, and so Mark [B.] Rosenberg lost his focal point of cloning our corridor in his end of the state.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>So the new person is on board, and the only time we can meet is right before this meeting, and she said, “I apologize. I know you’ve been through this. I know you’ve come down here to meet, but we’re basically starting over would you”—Roger’s about to die—“would you mind sharing with me again all about the corridor? How you got started? How you’ve done? What you’ve done?” And I said “Well, thank you. You’re getting me—getting me warmed up for a meeting with President Hitt, Peter Panousis, and the rest of the team.” I said that it’s going to take more than a half an hour to explain the length and breadth of what we’ve—what we’ve done. So honored by the compliment again from Mark Rosenberg that he still wants to figure out how to make it happen.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>And that’s one of the questions that Connie’s had is, “Can this be exported to this equation?”</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Yes, it can be, but you need to have a good understanding of the model and you gotta have to have a…</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>Peter. You’ve got to have a Peter.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>A business leader. Yeah. Otherwise, you—you can write it all up and everything…</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>We’ve suggested to Mark, you know, a couple of companies down there that could be—could be the patron that—that Dr. Panousis and Sarah McGeer was to us.</p>
<p><strong>Panousis<br /></strong>You know what’s curious is in Silicon Valley, the normal sense of business is that they deal with universities. That’s just what you do, particularly with Stanford [University] and other universities. It might not be…</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Guess why? It works. Fred Turner.</p>
<p><strong>Panousis<br /></strong>It works. Yeah, that’s right. That’s right.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Fred—as a young man I was vice-president of the TCU [Texas Christian University] research foundation and he served on our advisory council, and I got to sit and listen to Fred talk about how—he didn’t phrase it this way—but he started Silicon Valley. He came back after World War II, he had seen [Massachusetts State] Route 128 outside Boston[, Massachusetts], he—he knew what had happened there, and he said, “We could do that here,” and he proceeded to do it. He was then Dean of Engineering at Stanford, became Provost and—and really, I think it is—I think if you had to pick some sort of high-tech industrial heroes, Fred would be right up at the head of the pack.</p>
<p><strong>Panousis<br /></strong>So there must be some in South Florida.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Panousis<br /></strong>You know, there have to be. Man, they just need to be found [<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Lester<br /></strong>Can I ask a question a question about that? Do you see the High-Tech Corridor as being more similar to Silicon Valley? Or what—what has it added to the—to the growth of the high tech industry that’s different from Silicon Valley?</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>That’s a good question. I don’t know the inside of Silicon Valley well enough probably to answer —to answer—to answer in a well-informed way. Pete, what—do you?</p>
<p><strong>Panousis<br /></strong>I think that—and I don’t know if I have an answer, but—but I think what happened there is they got to a critical mass that we never quite have gotten to.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Yeah, yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Panousis<br /></strong>And there were so many companies doing the same kind of work that people were just spilling out of each, setting up additional companies, and every new idea was a new company, and it just got to a level where it was just running by itself. Now we’ve got to that point. Or haven’t gotten to that point.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>We may have more self-conscious direction at the university level. It may have become just auto-catalytic at Stanford, because of that process you’re talking about. We’ve taken a view that really says that the university is the agency that will help this happen in—in—in the region, and maybe I’m not expressing it well, but I think we—we have tried to see the university—the—the—the metropolitan research university as the equivalent of the land-grant university—the 21<sup>st</sup> century equivalent of the land grant. Where we combine the generation transmission application of knowledge, and it’s a social agency, if you will, that—that helps companies.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>John, your leadership—UCF’s leaderships and its partners—Medical City is going to be, in my humble opinion, the catalyst that’s going to give us—give us that next boost in terms of comparing our corridor—our region—to Silicon Valley. If you reference the facts that we shook our heads when we said, right after World War II—after World War II—having been there, like a couple of people in this room, but very young—look at the time span, and yet, UCF is now celebrating its 50<sup>th</sup>, we’re celebrating our 16<sup>th</sup> as a—as a corridor. We have a lot of room to grow, and despite all the issues in terms of Florida Poly[technic University]—when they call us—Rob Goddell and team called and asked for help in terms of focus, as you and I discussed—to—to give them some ideas in terms of what they are going to focus on in terms of a curriculum. That’s pretty special, but it’s part of this continuum of our region catching up with—maybe even surpassing—Silicon Valley. The university is still—if you notice, the university is still centering to that happening.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>The—it seems to me that one of the—well, I think it’s—there are two very strong forces at work here that you’ve got to—have to—even think about duplicating anywhere, and we all travel and we all have got our canned speeches on the High-Tech Corridor, and what it means, and, you know, the advantages of it, but there are two things that the High-Tech Corridor has proven, and both of those are related to one word, and that’s “partnership.”</p>
<p>First of all, it’s just a spirit of partnership. It’s mutually beneficial. We’re willing to put on the table and sacrifice a little bit—or “comprise” maybe is a better word. You do the same thing and we’re both just going to just flourish after that, and then the second part of it is—to reinforce what we’ve said—is that I don’t think you can just be given some money. Other places in the state have tried to get an appropriation. They’ve said they couldn’t do it, okay? What they’ve got to have though, again, is this, again, spirit of partnership from a very large organization, or at least relatively large, so you can have an anchor and tie.</p>
<p>Let me—let me do one more. I can’t help the opportunity for these political—but taking the word “partnership,” okay? The High-Tech Corridor created something in the Legislature that has never, ever happened. Not before and definitely not—not since, according to what I’ve been told. The second year of the funding, the money was eliminated at some point during the process, and we have to earmark it out of the budget. So we asked two people to sponsor the amendment to add it back on the floor during the final debates of the bills, okay? Way over here on the left side, one of the most loyal Democrats of all time, is Rep[resentative] Alzo Reddick, and way over here on the right side—so far right that he told me one day that Dan introduces me on the right side of the stage, I’m so far right he thinks I’ll fall off—that person was [Thomas] “Tom” [Charles] Feeney [III], who was going to be Speaker of the House. So in front of the entire legislative body, outspoken Democrat, outspoken conservative Republican, stand together and offer an amendment to do this. There was not a single negative vote that I recall, and it was the spirit of partnership that has permeated this project all the way through, which I think has made it successful.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Yeah, support for the university, for the community.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>An effort to—to work together to build something.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>And until the medical school came along, and probably now—I’ve always used in my conversations that, you know, the High-Tech Corridor is the perfect example of what John Hitt means about being America’s leading partnership university.</p>
<p><strong>Lester<br /></strong>Did the fact that the Corridor existed and had been so successful—was that instrumental in helping to bring high tech industry, or laying the foundations for…</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>I don’t know. Certainly the successful experience lent credibility to the university and our administration. I don’t know that people drew—the people who were making the decisions—I don’t know that they drew lessons from the corridor operation, but the fact that we had done it and it was successful probably helped.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>Well, I—he—he’s being modest, because I know in some of the conversations we had on the medical school in the Legislature that I had—and I can name three or four of them—very powerful members—to say—if John Hitt says that this is good and it’s going to work and it’s a partnership, then that’s all I need, and that’s the truth. One of them had two children to graduate from here, so I’m not making those names up, but I think it did have maybe more then you want to give it credit for is this spirit of partnership that we’re known for.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>It was certainly a track record by that time.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>Oh, yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>And I don’t think there’s been a person in the [Florida] Governor’s Mansion since this happened who hasn’t wanted to point to the Corridor in some way or another at the start of every year.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Mmhmm. The disappointment that I think we all share to some extent is that is hasn’t been replicated elsewhere yet. There have been attempts.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>Right. It’s good to hear they’re still committed to it, Randy, and we need to offer to—to give them what help we can.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Yeah, but, you know, part of the problem is you’ve really got to have industry. You’ve got—and you’ve got to be able to attract industry into it. So, you know, people will say the “I-4 Corridor.” Well, why don’t we have an “I-10 Corridor” or whatever, you know. Well, if all you’ve got’s a highway, you know, you’re not really—you’re not going to do this, and—and it’s still the case that some people think if they can just got an appropriation, they can have something. Well, they’d have the money, but that alone would not give them what they’re looking for if they’re trying to replicate the corridor. You’ve got to have—you’ve got to have that employer who’s really committed, and you do have to have a critical mass of administration and faculty who understand partnership. And, you know, I think there’s still too many people in universities who just want to be given money to go do what they want to do. That’s nice, and, you know, we’ll all take that, but it’s—it’s not going to give you—an organization like the corridor.</p>
<p><strong>Panousis<br /></strong>You know, the partnership between the universities was also important—now three in the partnership. Yeah. I still remember a meeting—I was trying to recall what the background for it was—but Governor Lawton [Mainor] Chiles[, Jr.] was at the meeting so it must have been ’90…</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>’96?</p>
<p><strong>Panousis<br /></strong>’96-’97, and we had just come from one of our customers, making the PalmPilot at the time, and we did something for them special, and we invited him to come to the meeting. He did, and I remember in his presentation, he made a comment that I thought was really interesting. He says he’s never seen two universities actually work together like the two—those two—UCF and USF.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>There’s no question.</p>
<p><strong>Panousis<br /></strong>And it was really interesting, because he—he was amazed that it could happen. I didn’t know any better, so I assumed it could happen [<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>An example of the partnership—and I’ll share with you—Kerry Martine provided that. Gentleman pictured there—in ’99, we partnered with—very small company. He now has a billion-dollar drug. He now also is the new VP of Research [& Innovation]<a title="">[3]</a> at USF, and in the first meeting with him, he said, “If we have an incubator company that wants to locate in Orlando, is there any reason we couldn’t figure out how to locate them in M. J. Soileau and Tom O’Neal’s incubator at UCF?” And I’m sitting there going, “Ah.” [<em>laughs</em>] What a burden has been lifted in terms of—this is a prime example of partnership that he would reach out.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>And I said, “Not that I’m aware of,” and he said, “You think they would agree that, if they have a company in—in their incubator that would want to move to Tampa, that it would be okay if we housed ’em?” And I said, “I think we can make that happen.”</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>Now, what son of a Mississippian says…</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Yeah, son of a Mississippian. So there’s—Dr. Paul Sanberg, and thanks to Kerry Martine, who’s going to give that to me by email, I’m going to send that to Paul and say, “There’s a picture of you from the late ‘90s you might like to have for your file.” A good partnership.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>They had been doing anything they could to prevent them to leave, and so would we 20 years ago. You know, we hadn’t quite gotten to that point. I think the—the mantra of leader: leave your ego at the door. The idea that whatever can benefit Tampa, can benefit Orlando, and vice versa, has been such a powerful philosophy. People have gone out of their way—you like to tell the story of Lynda—thinking over in Brevard County…</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>Weatherman.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Weatherman.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>The Economic Development Director over there, risking probably, at the time, her—her job to put was it 500 or 5,000 dollars into a sponsorship of an event that was going to take place in Tampa?</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>5,000.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>5,000. People were thinking, <em>Was she crazy?</em></p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>We indicated we would help her with something downstream. That was understood, but yeah, that she was willing to do that.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>She understood that she might benefit down the road from it. We…</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Yeah, that whole notion that a win anywhere in the corridor in a win for everybody is hard to…</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>We called Dr. Paul Sanberg, who’s a very respected scientist—founder of the National Academy of Inventors, and we have a project we’re working on that is very large in scope—almost as large as one of Peter’s projects—and we needed some initial funds to put on the table to get the company’s attention. So I called Paul and I said, “I know that our team is over about a week before this phone call to show support for a major project in the Tampa area, and so we have one, by coincidence, a small world. We have one a week late, as big as that one. If we can merge our matching funds at UCF and USF, we can make a better case,” and he said, “Make it happen. What are you putting on the table?” I said, “We’re going to make a commitment of 250,000 a year for five years, because of the size and scope and potential of this project.” He said, “You want to do the same thing from USF?” I said, “Yes, sir.” He said, “You know, it doesn’t matter where the graduates work, as long as they’re working here. So the fact that you’re going to give an opportunity for some of our USF students to partner with—you know, professors to partner with UCF on a project for a company that happens to be located in the eastern end of the Corridor, our students are going to be benefited, so make it happen.” That’s partnership in its, you know, 15-16 years in the making.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>You know, there is another activity that a lot of folks don’t participate in or know much about—and I’ve always thought this was one of Randy’s brilliant creations—and that is what he called the “Core Team” and the Tuesday morning telephone calls. Every Tuesday morning, I’d say there are 25-35 people throughout the corridor who talk about what is going on in the corridor and by the end of that conversation—what reminded me was Lynda Weatherman—you have got Brevard County willing to go over to Tampa to participate with a Tampa Bay partnership. You have got 4-5 groups agreeing to come together to put money on the table to do a booth talking about the photonics industry and sending it to the west coast. You’re doing things that the state as a whole has not been able to get communities and EDCs [Economic Development Commissions] and workforce boards and all those things to do.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>We are doing things every Tuesday morning on that little pajama hotline that the state has never been able to do. It’s amazing to see the number…</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>This is a 16-year document…</p>
<p><strong>Lester<br /></strong>Yes, I have the whole box. Yes.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>She has—she has a box. She has Steve Burly’s collection of every single one of those.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>It’s an old AT&T thing. Peter and I learned years ago what is bolded in here, including the names of the people, as well as what is in there is what was covered the previous weeks. You know, who attended and what was discussed and it becomes the agenda for the next meeting so you can continue.</p>
<p><strong>Lester<br /></strong>And I can tell you that is very helpful to a historian who is reading through this.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>You know, we need to get you in touch with Burly by the end of this, because the fact that he is collecting means he has got a lot of knowledge. The—what I can remember as an example of that is we achieved corridor-wide participation in the [International] Paris Air Show<a title="">[4]</a> on the telephone on a Tuesday morning. Had never happened.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Because Lynda Weatherman wanted to do it.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>That is right. Payback.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>In Brevard—and so we got Tampa Bay saying, “Yeah. We will do that with you. We will be there with you, in terms of presence and money.”</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>She helped those people earn over 5,000, and now we have an annual basis, participation to market this area’s aerospace.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>What a silver-tongued devil she is [<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>She is. She chaired the Federal Reserve Board in Florida in Jacksonville—amongst her many talents. Also nationally, she’s a pretty sharp lady—chaired our workforce committee. What is unique is we start with this in ‘96-‘97—something like that—and we couldn’t get folks to attend, mainly our economic development partners, for a 4 o’clock call. So, once a decade, I am going, <em>Why don’t I have it at 7:45 in the morning? They can’t claim they are out working, selling deals, and entertaining prospects as 7:45 on the morning.</em> So half of the folks on there are on their drive time. We ask them to be on mute and make sure they drive carefully, but every Tuesday morning, unless it’s a holiday week—and Dan, you are on every one of them—7:45-8:15, and it is over at 8:15—and it’s over at 8:15, because everyone on there has a full-time job doing something else.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>A lot of spouses across this corridor who wonder what is going on a Tuesday morning, if you don’t have a call, what is happening? You are just sitting here drinking your coffee, reading the newspaper. You are supposed to be on the telephone.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>You know, I still think Roger and you and I have talked about this, but just for the purposes of conversation—that is one example of a critical activity to the corridor that’s not as glamorous sounding as the matching research. There another one—there is a tech path program that is done with…</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Dr. Jeff Mendell? One of Peter’s top scientists?</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>Jeff Mendell, one of Peter’s guys who is now in our physics departments that does this, and now going all over the place trying to get the other institutions and school boards and schools to learn about what it is to be in high technology, and another one—the Florida Virtual Entrepreneur Center. I mean, people don’t—Roger, I just don’t think the average person or even the average politician realizes how those three parts of what we do—the core team and the partnerships, the tech path and the entrepreneurial center—what a key element they are, and there is nothing—nothing anywhere in the state comparable to those three activities.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Hunt[ing F.] Deutsch is the head of the [Florida] Department of Economic Opportunity, and I am honored to have known him from the mid-80s, when my daughter worked for him in the trust department, when he had the trust affirmative for SunTrust [Bank]. They were going to have a business portal they were going to launch. They didn’t know what they were going to do but they were going to launch it—a bit reckless, and I said, well, “Howard, we already have one. It is called the Florida Virtual Entrepreneur Center.” “What does it do?” I explained to him what it does, and he said, “Why do we want to launch one of our own? Why don’t we just use yours and you will have a link and we will call it a state program?” And I said, “It is called a ‘Florida Virtual Entrepreneurial Center’ on purpose. It’s all 67 counties are up and running.”</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>They didn’t know it.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>They didn’t know it, but they do now. They had a webinar earlier this week—explained the program, so if you are entrepreneur and want to start or grow a business that won’t cost you anything to use it, and every county is there. You just punch in a county. Roger showed them too. He’s better at show and tell than I am.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>This morning we got the monthly—a monthly report on the activity.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Fourteen thousand.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>Last month, 13,629 visits for all 67 counties, and even though it was a holiday month, that is 3.6 percent—6.5—3.65 percent increase month over month, and out of state, 2,700 from out of state were checking in on that, and out of country, more than 500 people visited to find out what’s available, what’s going on in Florida, “How can I do business here?” It’s an amazing thing.it continues to grow. Kerry, what’s the month to month on that? It’s just amazing numbers.</p>
<p><strong>Martine<br /></strong>Yeah, they have continued to grow since. Probably about 4,700.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>The addition of the other counties. Give Kerry Martine the credit, if you would, because when you see it that is her creativity.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>She is the walking history.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>Okay.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Alright, and the other piece is—though its corridor funded. Doesn’t cost the entrepreneur to use it. Doesn’t cost—like Gray and Robinson, our attorneys—they can post that they are available help entrepreneurs and it doesn’t cost them anything to post. Now, if you would like a little better listing, thanks to Roger Prynn and Kerry Martine—or if you want to sponsor a section you can certainly do that. So when you think of Miami coming up with 10—excuse me—with $7,500, you think of Jacksonville, Duvall County, coming up with $7,500. So we raised about $85,000 last year, before we added all the other counties to offset the cost of what we’ve been putting in—in terms of the cost of people work it in on a daily basis. One of whom is a UCF graduate student named Michael Zaharris, who is an OPS [Other Personnel Services] employee reporting to Tom O’Neal. So again, it is a stateside program housed at UCF. Thank you, Dan.</p>
<p><strong>Lester<br /></strong>I have to say that I think that kind of retaining and growing of businesses is perhaps one of the most important parts of this. I am a Southern historian and I look at the economy across the South, and most of what I see is buying jobs, not retaining them in the long run. I have been interviewed a couple of times by the Federal Reserve [Bank] in Atlanta[, Georgia], about some things I have written about that, and I always say that the South is missing the boat when they keep buying jobs.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Your pride is our pride and getting a call from the economic development organization for Atlanta—the greater Atlanta area—looking to make a corridor from Atlanta and Athens[, Georgia], and they call and say, “How did you do it? What can we do? Can you clone it? Do you mind if we clone it?” And I said…</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>And that is just one of them—one of many. We have had a lot of calls from around the country, from out of the country. I’ve heard Randy talking to people from Thailand.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>From Puerto Rico; the lead attorney for the [Colorado] House [of Representatives] and [Colorado] Senate from the State of Colorado; a co-ed from [Harvard University John F.] Kennedy School of Government wanting to start a high-tech region around Syracuse [University]; Yankton, South Dakota. Are you familiar with Yankton, South Dakota?</p>
<p><strong>Lester<br /></strong>I am not [<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Well, I get this call from Charlie Gross—the then-mayor of Yankton. “We would like to start a high-tech corridor between South Dakota State [University] and University of South Dakota.” He said, “Roughly the same geography, two universities you had two to start. How did you do it? And what do you do?”</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>A lot more cows than people.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Yeah, and I spent three calls—total of six hours—keeping track of these things with Charlie Gross. I get a call from the Head of Economic Development for the Cherokee Nation—they wanted to—my boss is looking at me. Does he look at you like this?</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>All the time.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>All the time. He wanted to diversify their gambling establishment in this Cherokee, North Carolina. Okay? God bless him, and I said, great, and I said “Where do you live, by chance?” Because I know where the gambling establishment is—I never been there—but I know where it is, and he said, “Well I—you probably don’t know it—but I live south of [U.S. Route] 74 on [North Carolina State Road] 28,” and said, “Where?” And he told me, and I said, “Well, if you come about 6 miles further south and turn onto Trailing [Oak] Trail, that’d be where we have a place.” “No kidding?” So I struck up a friendship with a Head of Economic Development at the Cherokee…</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>So Randy’s now a player at the Cherokee Casino.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>Isn’t that a hoot?</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>Yeah, sure. Sure.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Do you remember the old TV program <em>Get Smart</em>? Yeah, but do you remember the episode where they had the Indians who were—they had a nuclear-tipped arrow—coming out of a teepee?</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Out of a teepee?</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Yeah, yeah, and the woman, Smart, says “That is the third-biggest arrow I have ever seen.” [<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Too much.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>You know, you talk about—Connie, you talked about the path here versus buying jobs, and I know that one of the questions you said you were interested in exploring was the role played in the GrowFL[: The Economic Gardening Institute] program, the economic partnership program, and I think—Dan, that goes then along with the others you mentioned as—while there were folks that knew we were behind the kind of a catalyst to get that moving, they don’t realize just what it has done. There are a lot of companies out there that are really benefiting from the kind of counsel and advice they are getting to help them get to the next stage.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>That is the creativity of this university and Tom O’Neal, and convincing as he is to get Roger Pynn and yours truly, and Ray Galley and Amy Evancho to go to Cassopolis, Michigan.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>Cassopolis.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>In November, and then he doesn’t get to go. He is still here in the middle of November—to…</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>He was the lucky one, as far as I was concerned</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Smarter guy. Well, he has a doctorate from here and an MBA [Master of Business Administration], what do you expect? Mrs. Lowe has this wonderful facility—of 2,600 acres that housed 14 farms, knob them together, we get all the farmhouses—she was staying in a nicely redone farmhouse—to you can stay in their center, and what they share is economic gardening in Littleton, Colorado. The experience that community has of losing a 10,000-employee Lockheed Martin plant, and they decided that never again would they be dependent on one facility for their livelihood. So they started by building their own, and so the orchestration of that is the platform for this GrowFL program. You need to ask how did Mr. Lowe made his millions? Kitty litter. Oh, oh, I should have let her answer. You know she has 2,600 acres around Arcadia, Florida? Special.</p>
<p><strong>Lester<br /></strong>Yes.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>She is a cool lady. Very devoted to what we started.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>So the idea that we could bootstrap our own companies—and one of our own council members, George Gordon, went through it. Said after—in fact, we’ve used him—as you know, Dan—thanks to your leadership in the House and Senate to give testimony. He said, “Randy, not since my days at Annapolis[, Maryland] have I been grilled, and even there, as much as I was grilled by people who knew more about my business than I did.” As a way of taking another look at how you might be a better business person and make your company more profitable.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>You know, I went through the CEO round-table portion, and I was amazed to see folks who had very sophisticated companies. Particularly one of them has a company fella—has a company called Alinea. They are an Internet services commission. Brilliant guy, and he was eyes wide open in that process, sharing around the table the program is facilitating, and one day, he stopped in the middle of it, got up and left, because he had gotten the answer he needed. We didn’t see him for two months, until he had finished implementing it.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>It’s amazing when you can see what happens in our state. When our Governor,<a title="">[5]</a> who had received some poor advice last year, vetoed the program that we were told by his staff he was going to approve, and then, within two weeks of the veto in The Villages, was out in the state espousing the virtues of supporting small states, two companies. We need to do more of that, and so we had some folks whisper to his team to whisper in his ear, “You just vetoed the least expensive program in the state that has created the most jobs for the least amount of money,” and so we think that impetus, as well as some excellent work on Dan’s part and the team—two million? Two million in refunding this year. Corridor funded it, and then we get a call from Jennifer Thompson, who’d been told by [Orange County] Mayor [Teresa] Jacobs that they found some extra money in Orange County, and Jennifer didn’t want to invest in sidewalks. She wanted to invest in companies. I heard about this GrowFL program, and I’d like to learn more about it. Tom O’Neal took a meeting with her, made a friendship—$50,000. For a while, that $50,000 was happening. We, of course, went to the [Orange] County on the north to say to Randy Morris and his mentee, Bob Dallari, who is now chair of Seminole County—just reelected—that this is going to happen in Orange County. So Seminole County said, “Well, we want that too,” and they put in $50,000 to help this program, to match our $50,000 that we put in to keep it alive last year, and now, it is obviously going great guns this year, because the State has seen fit to invest in it. It is run out of UCF, but it’s a statewide program.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>These things are good examples of what you can do with discretionary funds under enlightened leadership, and when people talk about—they want to reproduce the corridor or try to expand their operations or activities—we do have a foundation that nobody else in the state has. Nobody else in the state has been able to get or sustain. Randy gives you an example of how I think he very wisely has used a lot of these funds that uses them as incentives or matches or initial investments, but the truth of the matter is: without those dollars, he could not do that, and it is very hard for others to get that same hold. I don’t think today we could do that. With the current economic situation and the current political leadership. I don’t think we could do it.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>We’re a 501(c)(6) in the State of Florida with a fairly substantial budget by comparison. How many employees do we have? We are all consultants to the enterprise.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Oh, I see.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>It is the most cost-effective way of running it. The idea that you would have a corporation set up to do these things, as we talked in ‘96—where does the money reside? It resides at the two universities. Well, three, because we have been able to get some one-time funding on occasion from UF, and hope to remedy that, and get David [P.] Norton, their new VP of Research—said it is their number 1 priority, and he is going to make sure Bernie says it is their number 1 priority to get recurring funding at UF for corridor funds, but the funds reside at the university, because if they transferred them to the corridor, a private corporation, you have a red flag. You have a target.</p>
<p>Oh, by the way, having a county organization at AT&T, here’s—excuse me—I have really good people that did it, and I kind of showed up. The county thinks it is an expense, but the university managing it through their existing processes—both in county and the auditing, the corridor doesn’t have to incur that expense; therefore, we can use more of our corridor funds to do the matching projects that Dan just talked about, but you know—see, I don’t trust there. We have been doing this—finishing 16 years. You are chronicling it. How many issues have we had over the spending of funds in that many years?</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>Except for your travel budget? Oh, excuse me [<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>My travel budget. Saks takes me to Dallas later—later this week, and you are right. It’s been an experience.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>We just…</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>You told me. You tell them about that.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>He told me he wanted to come on a commission of colleges. I warned him, “Do you have any clue what you are getting into?”</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>“You have a clue what you are getting into?” I said, “No, but I have got some real goods friends who can help.” The idea is that the university has trusted its volunteers, as well as consultants, as well as team members, to do the right thing, to spend the money in the correct fashion. The majority of the funds are spent on the matching grants project. People say, “You have an organization. It’s got what it does and so…” it is really like an “ad hoc-racy.” We come together, we address an issue, address the problem, put some resources to it. By the way, we thought we created that term—you are a historian—we found out. We did some checks. I think Roger did it—it was created—somebody came up with it in ’72.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>“Ad hoc-racy?”</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>An ad hoc-racy.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>It was not a compliment.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>No, right, but we come together, address an issue, find some funds, get some other people who have some funds, do it, and move in.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>We did. Randy and I in the last year requested an audit, because with all the things that keep popping out, they finished the audit, having given us a written report. There are no questions, not management statements, any negatives.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>She asked for a little more in terms of elaborating on why we are putting money into the GrowFL program, and I think we can fix that. So I got a hold up Fran Korosec, and said, “Fran, I need a little more information on the use of corridor funds.” Immediately fixed that.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>I have to confess: I did not know it at the time. I would like to take credit for it, or give us credit for it, but using that term attract—attract implies recruiting public relations, advertisement things that you—a lot of things you can’t do with state-funded money, because the original appropriation has that word “attract” in it. Randy is exempted from some of the regulations. For instance, he can do things with state money that we can’t that relate to meetings and conferences. I wish we could say we were that smart in the beginning, but it just worked out that way.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>I always said you were that smart.</p>
<p><strong>Lester<br /></strong>Since you are talking about funding—I have been teaching a class this semester in U.S. economic history. Divided my students into groups and each group did a project, and one group did a project on the High-Tech Corridor. So that way did their presentation today—and I said, “I’m coming…”</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>No, no. wait a minute. Excuse me—we are having this conversation today. I had the conversation with the FIU lady and now your class…</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>Randy is writing a book on small worlds.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>I have a book on small worlds. I should work harder on this book, but really? This is…</p>
<p><strong>Lester<br /></strong>Well, they gave a very nice presentation, and after it was over, I told them I was coming to this meeting and I said, “If you had a question to present to this group, what would you ask?” And they thought about it and then they asked, “What is the role of venture capital in the Florida High-Tech Corridor? Is there a role, and if there is, what is it?”</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>It is us. We are unique venture capitalists.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>We are venture capital.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>That is what we are, and the uniqueness is we don’t ask for our money back. Find a venture capitalist that will do that and not ask for their money back and I would like to see which asylum the gentleman is with.</p>
<p><strong>Lester<br /></strong>Well, I think they were asking generally about private venture capital.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>Well, I think there are two sides to that, Randy. We do want. We are very supportive of the venture capital organizations, the Florida venture…</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Florida venture—we are supportive even though—if I may?</p>
<p><strong>Lester<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>They changed their model about a year ago, and said we will no longer support small companies, and as gently as I could, I am saying, “Well, you may just have lost a sponsor.” Because we can’t be attached to that regimented approach to lunacy of not supporting your livelihood going forward. It doesn’t make any sense. They changed the administration. They changed the board.</p>
<p><strong>Lester<br /></strong>And this is?</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>The Florida Venture Forward, and you will find the gentleman’s name on this list is now part of our Tuesday morning call. He called and said, “If I told you we’ve changed and have gone back to supporting small companies, can we come back to the fold?” I said, “Absolutely.” So…</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>It could be an un—or under-developed part of what we do though. We really—that has probably been the thing we have talked the least about, and I am not involved day-to-day with this, so, you know—but if I could think of one area I could say we might do more in from my standpoint…</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Your students are very astute.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>But GrowFL has that as one of its objectives, so we use our funds to help start GrowFL and support that aspect of their mission.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>But we have done, over the years, a number of things to support and expand venture capital flowing into the state. We hosted a group on the far western end that came here from around the country—I am trying to think of the name of it—but they go—they are actually an international group, and they go from market to market very quietly and find a sponsor like us to come in and show them what’s there.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>We have been very supportive of the for—and I think you are really right. that’s an area that we—and this may be the time of us to step back and look and say, “What can we do?” Because it’s a one—we are two things. We get with our Central Florida Tech for or the Tampa Bay Tech for two issues: workforce, finding the town, and venture capital, and that is why Randy always says we are venture capital, because though we started with a mega-giant like AT&T as our partner, there are a lot of companies that are getting funding for that through that matching grant research program that otherwise it would have to come through a venture capitalist.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>May I compliment your students, number one? And number two, we have a pretty strong history of funding starving graduate and doctoral students. Twelve—excuse me—2,400 through our matching grants program over the 16 years, and Kerry is the keeper of that stat. We have two interns right now in Tom O’Neal’s shop helping us with economic impact studies that we do, but the question they have posed presents an opportunity for some corridor funding back to your organization and to them. I don’t believe as a state we do a good enough job of chronicling the venture capital invested in who, what, when, where, why, and how. Who are the venture capitalists investing in—in our state? How much? If we can capture that, but take it more than just venture. If I can expand their question, and have it friends and family starting with some crazy things I’ve done over the years, I have to admit, as well as angel funds, which I had that much money to qualify for that, and all the way to venture. Alright? And in doing that, they will get a better understanding of the difference in those categories and who they apply to, but more importantly, we may end up with a better study then we’ve ever had in terms of what is happening in Florida, and what can we do then to change the paradigm that we think exists of the folks that are in Peter’s category of having some megabucks and all? And why is he not investing in Florida, but in this—well, I know he’s investing in the Carolinas—but, the history we think we have…</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>You are making a pretty good payment from the Cherokee Nation [<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>That is going to my church. What can we do to identify better why we think the folks that have some money to invest are investing it in the states and the companies in the states from whence they came? Okay, so…</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Well—or in California and New York or in California. I didn’t mean my comment to be at all critical of what we are or are not doing, but if I had to think of one area that we might be doing something in that I sort of thought—and heard the least about in discussions on the corridor—that is probably it.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Right. That’s it. Right on target.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>And that might be an opportunity for us.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>You’re on the leadership board with some of the Metro Orlando EDC [Economic Development Commission] and some of the refocusing things they are doing. To have this study, maybe have it annually for them—for the EDC—critical. In terms of—it’s just not having major hunting in major boxes. It’s growing and starting and growing our own and having a better idea of the potential of investment capital, no matter what size. We would benefit from that. So compliment them, please and the astuteness of their question.</p>
<p><strong>Lester<br /></strong>Well, I was somewhat shocked when they come up with that question.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>It’s a good question.</p>
<p><strong>Lester<br /></strong>It’s a good question. Since you have brought up the subject of workforce as well, one of the things that struck me about the High-Tech Corridor as opposed to some other places, is the amount of effort that has gone into the partnerships to create a solid workforce that is going to do more than just put together widgets, but actually had make a contribution. So if you could talk about that…</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>That’s from the golf—that’s from the golf course. We’re sitting on…</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>A lot of things happen on the golf course.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>John goes—John goes…</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Some of them we can talk about.</p>
<p><strong>Lester<br /></strong>Yes, I understand.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>John goes, “Let me get this straight,” and this is—gosh. This has to be 12 years ago? This was when Feeney was Speaker. He said, “You want to take some corridor money and invest it with the community—community—community colleges.” Yeah. I said, “Yeah, John. You want to be the number one metropolitan partnering university, and if you don’t help the companies that are in your backyard do a better job getting the technicians they need, and getting the technicians a chance to get a baccalaureate, you are not going to be as successful in the partner category as you could be, and when you think about the great relationships that exist between UCF and the State and community colleges, the idea of funding seven of the Associate’s Degrees—which is what we ended up doing with a little bit before we got the funding, thanks to Dan and Speaker Feeney—but the workforce money we have received with seven different state community colleges funding those Associate’s Degrees—that’s pretty special, and we put about an average of 150,000 into each one of them, with the caveat that the community—state college—community college would bring its industry to the table, define the need, develop the curriculum from what the industry said the need was, but then structure it in such a way that the graduate—should they elect to do so—could go on and get a baccalaureate. Now, I will give you an example and watch your facial expression. Volusia did the Modeling Simulation and Training degree. There have been 600 enrollees. Ask me how many graduates have graduated to date. Program’s about 4 years old—5 years old.</p>
<p><strong>Lester<br /></strong>How many?</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Thirty. You see? You see that? And the individual—when I reacted the same way, I’m going, “Why did we put the money—why did we—what—with 30 graduates?” He said, “You didn’t ask the right question.” It goes back to your question in support of workforce. I said, “What?” He said, “Ask a different question.” He said, “Why don’t you ask me how many have jobs?” Light bulbs, light bulbs. He said, “All of them.” I said, “You are telling…” He said, “They are hiring them after they get their first year in. There is enough guts to the program that the corridor helped them devise, based on industry input to get enough that the industry hired them after they finish the first year.” Now I am going, “What happened to this idea of allowing the technicians to get a baccalaureate?” He says, “You’re helping the industry through the program that you funded. They can’t—they can’t get these—they can’t get enough of these technicians.”</p>
<p><strong>Panousis<br /></strong>That goes back on—remember when you were looking for people? We could find engineers. We paid enough money to a company in California or wherever. We could not find technicians. We started some of the programs in community colleges.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge</strong><br />The first one—the first one—it was—and…</p>
<p><strong>Panousis<br /></strong>We were paying a lot of money. We were stealing them from [Walt] Disney [World] and other companies, but there weren’t enough around to really fill it.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>It was…</p>
<p><strong>Panousis<br /></strong>That was the most difficult job to fill was a technician.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>That was the first one.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>And that’s also why we started Tech Path.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Tech Path.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>It was originally Chip Camp.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>I had forgotten that.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>And…</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>There’s a—there’s a thing in a book that really influenced me—Lester [Carl] Thurow’s book, <em>Head to Head</em>[<em>: The Coming Economic Battle Among Japan, Europe and America</em>]. He says that economists in Germany make more than they do in the U.S, and that is because the technicians in Germany make more. You know, the guys out on the floor who really make this stuff make more, and that’s a lesson we…</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Ben Noll…</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Need to learn.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Head of the Interactive Game Academy. When he was number 2 at Electronic Arts or whatever his COR…</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>Sacher.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Right. When we asked him to be at the table to help determine the digital media Associate’s Degree at Seminole State College, he was Electronic Arts and had only technicians. Within about four months of that, he transitioned from Electronic Arts to FIAA, and he called—and I will count on you to clean this up if it makes your report—he said, “I will find the biggest crow in Central Florida. I’ll cook it any way you ask me to cook it, and I will eat it in front of any audience you choose.” He said, “I need technicians.” He said, “I want technicians to go through the UCF program, but coming in as technicians, because they offer a different perspective, but all are needed. That I need—I need the technician perspective, and then the baccalaureate, and then we will do some really neat things with them at FIAA.” But ask Ben Noll about that. He reaffirmed that, by the way, because he hosted our tech camp—the one that took place today, this morning. Kicked off for I/ITSEC [Interservice/Industry Training, Simulation and Education Conference] —the last one was at FIAA, which he hosted and he allowed me to tell this story, so that the teachers from schools all over the corridor would understand that their students. It’s all right to be a technician as well as then get your baccalaureate.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>So what that means is that everything we do is really workforce development. Every bit of it, and he who wins at workforce development wins at economic development.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>2,400 students.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>Starting with kids in the middle schools and high schools.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>In fact, if M. J. or Tom were here, or Dr. Sanberg, or Tracy Swartz, or—or David—David Gordon—UF—or Shava Jackson-Carr—who runs a program there—they would tell you that, if a program gets to ask desk for approval—Peter is still one of our approvers—doesn’t have students built into it—hm?</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>Doesn’t happen.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Very rarely does it happen now, because the intent was—we are doing applied research to help a company, but we want students as a part of that process.</p>
<p><strong>Lester<br /></strong>Excellent.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>Clark hasn’t asked any questions, have you noticed that?</p>
<p><strong>Clark<br /></strong>Been wonderful.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Oh, and I thought it was just Roger.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>Come on, we are so good at this, listen—he never—he never misses a chance to zing me a little bit.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>No, no. He’d never.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>I have a string today, John. I’ve got him under control.</p>
<p><strong>Clark<br /></strong>I have—I have talked to Connie about this. Although it is called the I-4 Corridor, is there any limit to the north-south expansion?</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>We actually changed the name from I-4, because it turned out, you couldn’t trademark the name of an Interstate [Highway], so it’s the Florida High-Tech Corridor now. It can be the XYZ Corridor if somebody else wanted…</p>
<p><strong>Clark<br /></strong>But could you see—it keeping going?</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>It’s in Gainesville.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Well, you have to have business.</p>
<p><strong>Clark<br /></strong>Even north of Gainesville or south…</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>But you’ve got to have business and some kind of employment. It wouldn’t have to necessarily high-tech, but you—you need an employer base that you work with.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>We’ve used it as leverage. The governor has accepted it. Thanks to John and Bernie’s oratorical skills, witnessed by some folks in the room. We were a plank in the governor’s—one of eight—in the governor’s economic development plan, when he was governor-elect. If you look at the most recent report out of the foundation for—Florida’s Chamber Foundation—we are a plank in their 20 year plan to replicate this around the state. Mark Rosenberg, because of the friendship, because of working together, has said, “We would like to clone what you have done it, how you’ve done it, from Miami to Orlando.” Didn’t call it the I[nterstate]-95. He just simply called it—in fact, Roger and Kerry have been helpful in trying to get him to name it. The idea is rather than become one huge—we think it’s five city-states in our state regardless of what we try to do to make it a state. Why not build on that strength? We complement each other…</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>We’ve tried. We’ve tried to—for instance, Jim, connect all the way to the Gulf Coast and become a South Florida version of this. We basically cover the central portion of the state, because we are a partnership of the three universities. We define it as you’ve gotta be in the primary service areas of the universities. Now, Florida, as a land grant, has this statewide mission, but they are—they have defined—was it Alachua [County]? And they added two counties.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Bernie agreed—I know you are quick to go away there, but that didn’t go anywhere, but Bernie agreed that we would try to keep the idea of a corridor, so therefore it was just Alachua and Putnam [County] that we added, when we added UF, and that was their request.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>But you really do have to have an identifiable employment base that you are going to service and it can be high-tech, it can be something else.</p>
<p><strong>Clark<br /></strong>So you are encouraging Mark to start his own, not join you.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Yes, sir. Yes, sir.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Well, if he wanted to join us, that’s fine, but he—he stills needs a base of employment down there. He needs some companies he is serving who will work in partnership with him. Absent that he can get appropriations, you can get all the free consulting from us—from Randy—that we could possibly give, but he won’t have an organic entity. You’ve got to have the real partnership. You’ve got to have a Peter Panousis, who says, “I need the research.” You know? “I’ve got a series of problems that we can work on together,” and absent that, you’ve just got another university office.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>We got the first funding based on the success of what was done for Peter through the two universities. We got the second funding—based on skills that Dr. Holsenbeck—Dr. Holsenbeck has—we got the second funding because of Peter, but also because of what we did with the money the first year. We got the third round of funding—again, the confluence of Toni Jennings, Dan Webster—leadership, leadership, leadership, but you gotta do something with the money. So the third round of funding came because we had branched out by that time, and we had done projects, like we did with Peter. We had done projects, started to do projects with companies of all sizes.</p>
<p>So what we said to Mark—Mark called about three months ago, before he lost Davina. He said, “We’ve been meeting a lot.” I said, “Yes, sir.” “We’ve been meeting a lot.” I said, “Yeah. I got it the first time.” He said, “All we’ve been doing is meeting.” I said—“Mark, you’ve got it.” I said, “Just do something. Just do it. Okay?” And he goes, “Okay. What do you suggest?” I said, “Mark, you got a research foundation?” “Yeah.” “You got $250,000?” “Yeah.” “Does M. J. have a research foundation at FAU [Florida Atlantic University]?” “Yeah.” “Got $250,000?” “Yeah.” “Do you have friendship with the University of Miami?” “Yeah. kinda sorta.” I said, “Do they have a research foundation?” “Yeah.” I said, “Then why don’t you each put up 250,000 and just start doing projects like we’ve been doing projects? And once you’ve demonstrated success, I think you’ll have a better chance of getting some matching funds from the state to start doing what we are doing.” Besides you’re gonna get your money back off they call them—recovering’s or loadings—or what’s the proper term when it is charged to the companies?</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>Overhead.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Overhead.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>Indirect overhead.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>The other thing you just said that I think is really important is you encouraged him to talk to M. J., at least, M. J. is not Soileau’s; it’s Sanders, president down there at FAU. The people in the Legislature and other people in the communities like to see universities work together. So the fact that it isn’t just one university working in the community helps in generating financial and others helps. So I think that is really good advice, but they’ve got to have a few employers down there between that whole corridor from Fort Lauderdale, down to essentially Miami-Dade [County], they’ve got to have a few employers they could enlist to come in as part of this.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>I think, John, at this point, they haven’t quite figured out that part of the equation. All the schools are together, all the economic developers are together, and the private sector hasn’t been brought to the table yet.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>They won’t get anywhere ultimately until they do that. I mean, that’s the…</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Right.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>What Randy’s advice was: we’ll get two or three private developers on board for that match.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>But they need to reach out and ask. If they look at their foundation, let alone if they got it, even without a research foundation—just the university foundation—they’ve almost certainly got a few employers who are in manufacturing or some research operation they can bring in and just say, “Look, give us your research folks to attend a few séances here, and let’s try to get this going.”</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>We represent, for instance, Florida Power and Light [Company]. We have asked them to come to the table. I am sure they will. Through our partnership with MSW, we represent United Technologies [Corporation] and Pratt [&] Whitney. I was down there a couple weeks ago, and I asked one of the plant executives about how much research is done. He said, “Well, you know, we do a lot of primary research in this specific area” —which I am not allowed to tell you about or he would shoot me—but something very important, but he said, “We got applied research going on all the time.” So when we have this conversation, I’m going to put those people together for you. That’s the kind of partnership that I mean—jet propulsion.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Yeah, you’d think they’d kill for that. But, you know, Peter, you shared with me years back that a lot of the most profit-enhancing, if you will, work that you did in cooperation with the corridor, I think, was—was really operational research. You know, the industrial—classic industrial engineering.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>Got to make it better.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Yeah, and that—you could be operating—you could be working with a trucking firm.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>And—and have—have opportunities there.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Yeah, that’s right. We did one at USF.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Well, but, you know, you don’t have to be in necessarily a high-tech industry to have really good engineering and scientific impact.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>You know…</p>
<p><strong>Panousis<br /></strong>[inaudible] that work there. It is really very valuable. You have as many kind of operation with stuff moving through a production line—and I use the term “production line” loosely, because it could be chemicals, it could be medicine, could be anything, but things are moving and they are limited by processes. Understanding that process is very important, and that’s something universities spend a lot of time on and was very valuable for us. We got a lot of out of it.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>It’s one of the basic skill sets that IEs brings to the table.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>One of the things that I think will help them is to broaden their horizon. One of the things that has been very powerful for us is the fact that we focus on a number of sectors. We have limited it other than to attach it to the areas that the partner universities believed were their real strengths, where there was the potential for a cluster to develop, where we were—we had teaching and researching in other areas that matched the interest of some industry that’s already here—modeling, simulation, aerospace. When Bernie and the University of Florida joined, they said, “Hey, don’t forget agro-tech.” We hadn’t even—I don’t think any of us had heard the term before. You know? But there’s a lot of technology that mirrors life sciences in agro-business. Right now, the folks in South Florida are focused solely on life sciences. They have—they believe for whatever reason that because of Scripts, because of the success in bringing them down there that that’s the ticket to ride. A few years back, they were the “Internet Coast.”</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>And they are looking—they are trying to figure out—they need to look to their strengths.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>That didn’t go anywhere.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>No, they need to look…</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Still at the beach.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>They need to look to their broad, academic strengths, and say, “Who can we match this to in support?”</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>One—excuse me—just a quick answer to your question too, by using a quick example is [Central Florida] Research Park. A lot of people ask High-Tech Corridor and the Research Park to, “Come help us be successful,” and Research Park is—you could build a research park and set up an office. And, by that, I mean just the land and the infrastructure and set up an office, and that’s what the folks at Innovation Way [Corridor] have already contracted with us to do. Joe didn’t ever go out there, okay? Because somebody like Peter has to come in and express an interest in being there. So why—how do you start these kinds of things? Research Park is a good example. You have to have some tenants. Our Research Park owes its success not to the High-Tech Corridor, but to the simulation and modeling industry and the presence of the [U.S.] Military. That’s why it’s doing what it is.</p>
<p><strong>Clark<br /></strong>Doctor, do you think that the involvement of the business community, going back 16 years, helped get other things approved, such as the medical school, the stadium? That is—you coming into contact with all these business leaders, and business community getting to know you, and the university coming to trust you guys?</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Yeah, I think that’s the way it works, it wasn’t say—if you think about either of the projects you mentioned, it wasn’t the nuts and bolts of them. It was the fact that they associated us with a successful enterprise. That we had been able to—helped organize something and get it really working, and they had seen the university as a competent organization</p>
<p><strong>Clark</strong> So is it possible that those things might not have happened if it hadn’t been for the initiative of the High-Tech Corridor ?</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Well, I suppose so. You know, I—probably less so with the—less so with the stadium, but when you ask people to get behind something as complicated as getting the medical school approved, probably the perceived success of the—of the High-Tech Corridor was a really…</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>I can give you one very solid example. Ken Pruitt, President of the Senate—we are trying to get FIA, and I go in and talk to Ken and explain—this was—this was this was, I think, the two years before he became president. He was Chairman of [the Committee on Appropriations], I believe, and I go sit down and talk to him, and I said, “You’ve heard about the FIA project and what we are trying to do there?” And maybe a few words changed, but this is exactly the way the conversation went. “Do I need to give you a white paper or do I need to put any other facts or anything together for you?” And that’s the absolutely truth. He looked at me and he said, “If John Hitt says this is what you’re going to do with the money, and this is what it will do, then I am okay.” That’s exactly what he said, and the FIA money was eventually in the budget.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>I forgot—Dan had told me that story at one point and I forgot it. There’s an important thing nested within that, that Dan and others at the table deserve credit on too. Universities sometimes get a bad reputation for taking money to do one thing and then doing something else with it, and that’s something that Dan and I have worked very hard to get all of our people to understand. You don’t do that. If you ever want to get money again from those people, don’t do that. You ask for the money to do X, you do X. If for some reason that can’t happen, you go back to them, and if need be and re-appropriate it, but don’t just take it under the supposition—promise—that you will do one thing and do something else with it. That’s deadly. Surprising how often it happens.</p>
<p><strong>Lester<br /></strong>Well, I have a couple—couple of last questions. One of them is: where do you see as the challenges now that you are 15 years into this?</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>The answer I was honored to give a couple weeks ago in a similar setting was—if you believe in partnership, and it really is a partnership and you put yourself on the line—so I called Dan last week, following a conversation I had with David Norton, and I said, “David, we’ve been trying through some very, very tough times to get even one-time funding, let alone recurring funding for—for UF.” But it’s still a major objective. The governor accepted 5 million per state university that wanted to adopt our program on the basis that the money would come to us, we would validate their program, and only once we validated their program, would the money be transferred to said university. In doing so, that would have increased our funding as well, which we would be very happy, when you think in terms of UCF running through the budget by January-February, which it has historically done, that would tell you that there are plenty of projects.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>Let me explain that—running—running through the research projects, not running out of money.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>The budget is appropriation is consumed by January-February, because we have that many great projects coming to the university to partner with corridor money to do the applied research. You forget was—if you had an amount more than we have now—we have taken budget cuts just as the university has, of course. Well, we could do more, if we had more in terms of funding, but we didn’t put it that way. What we put it was—establish the program for any state university that wanted to do what we were doing. We said in the process, our three—UCF, USF, and UF—we would like to see recurring funding initially at the 2 million level for UF. So that’s a major goal. So hopefully it doesn’t take the next 15 years to get that done. That would be a major goal.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>I think one of the things we have got to—to address—I think we have been doing so, but look around the table we are not spring chickens. And, I mean, even a young guy like Roger. You know? But, you know, this Friday—I guess it is I will be 72 years old. I don’t know how much longer I’m going to be President [of the University of Central Florida], but it’s not another 20 years plus, and Randy’s gonna want to be fully retired one day, as well Ben, and Peter already is—the rascal. So you know we’ve gotta—I think we’ve institutionalized things pretty well, but if you got a president who just didn’t understand or commit to partnership, it would be hard for this to survive. When you think about the five goals, and partnership, and how much we are invested as an institution in that concept and in practice, I don’t think it’s likely that the next president will not care about partnership. I think that will be a criteria in the selection process that we’ve set up, but that’s clearly an issue, you know? Does it survive the person—the people who put it in place and operating it and sustaining that for 16 years?</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Bernie is in the process of going on to his next vocation—or vocation or what have you—dentist, I believe. Researcher, as well as a dentist.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>I bet he doesn’t go back to pulling teeth.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>No?</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Oh, no. He’s going to be here in Orlando for a lot of this time.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>So…</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>Is he?</p>
<p><strong>Lester<br /></strong>Really?</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>A transition plan for a couple years now.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>With the research center?</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Yeah, in developing part health partnership—expanding, I think, on what they’ve got with Orlando Health and…</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>Wonderful.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>We have shared it this morning from folks all over the country that are part of this. It’s a program—some nationally acclaimed teachers—we have been recognized through the tech camp tech path program as the best of the best in terms of the state of Florida for STEM [Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics] programs. I want the gentleman sitting to your right to close his ears now. We’ve had his leadership in trying to bridge a number of STEM programs at our universities and in our region. PRISM [Promoting Regional Improvement in Science and Math]—I don’t like the term—no matter how you succinctly you try to pronounce the first thing that comes to mind is not an optical device or an acronym for STEM programs. Anyway, He lets me say that each time we get together, but the idea of merging all of these STEM programs across the region to make them more effective would be a target for sooner than later in the next 15 years. It needs to happen. With limited resources, Roger’s team has put together every school superintendent. Thanks to Jim Shot and others across our—is there ten? Ten of them?</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>Ten.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Ten counties. So that’s the lynchpin you’ve got—that you’ve got the school superintendents that have come and gone. Bill Vogel—his replacement—Orange County—he’ll shoot me—just retired from Orange County.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>Ron Walker.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Don’t tell Ron I did that. All this transition and they’re still together, but they’re only…</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Yeah, but his successor’s also a [UCF] Knight.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>UCF alumni.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>That’ll help. That’s right.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>The school superintendent in Orange, Seminole, Lake County. All three of ‘em. ’80, ’81, ’82 grads.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>That’ll help us keep that group together, but there is so much more in terms of potential. So how do we do a better job or orchestrating and sharing best practices?</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>We take so much for granted. The ability to partner vertically in this—Central Florida. It’s not even the case in a lot of the rest of the state, where, you know, where you could say, we’re going to work with the schools, we’re going to work with the state colleges. Hell, there are parts of the state where they’re at war with one another. Not only do they not collaborate and cooperate, they’re fighting one another, and we tend to take that for granted here.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>Yeah. Instead of working together in difficult times—without mentioning the topics, because I think it is like this right here, a signed docent—but the school system and the community colleges have to come to us for a joint endeavor, and that’s an example, and we all talked—the three government relations people—as we sat around the table and talked, and we said, “Do you know anywhere else—not only in the state, but maybe in the country—where this kind of initiative would come from the K-12?” So I think that’s something unique. I think one of the long-range goals is that we need to move with even more design and strategy to emerge as truly the statewide model, and help everywhere we can go and every corner of Florida to instill this program, and I think that should be one of our goals, and Roger knows this. I think he and Kerry—his organization—do a great job, but I still think, as I said a while ago, we need to double our efforts to make the policy-makers aware of all these other programs that are going on behind the scenes that are so vital to the foundation of creating that high-tech knowledge and the workforce to go along with it.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>And that to me—and I talk about this all the time—having this history is such an important tool for us in our toolbox to tell that story. So once we’ve chronicled where this thing’s been, it’s a lot easier to do that. Hit somebody over the head with a book.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>And one last goal that I think would really help us—and I’ve been saying this for years—and it takes the M. J.’s and the faculty, but we need one huge hit, one great big project that the three institutions secure together. We need a high-tech SymTech or a high-tech something with hundreds of millions of dollars from the Federal level, and if we could ever get all those faculty members working together unselfishly on that level to come up with some sort of sharing program on that, I think that would be an indelible footprint on the map of what we’re about.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>And that brings up a point that we really haven’t talked about here. It ain’t for not trying that we haven’t gotten there. Behind the scenes, we’ve made some incredible efforts…</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>To try and focus Federal energy and other grant-making activities on this region. We’ve come very close, and the great news is that out of that we have—I always look at it as part of that pajama hotline we have on Tuesday mornings—we have a bunch of people on the phone on Tuesday mornings who can respond like that—put together responses for opportunities. One of these days—we’re going to hit another...</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>SymTech was one.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>We’ve had two by the way. Guess that—from what company the two projects came from? Yeah. You’re good. Yeah. One of your graduates, and it was a wafer-polishing deal where we brought professors and students in from USF and UCF to work on.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>You know, there’s a good example too of what Roger said—the learning that takes place as you respond to these. We were a lot better in our attempts to bring Sanford-Burnham [Medical Research Institute] here than we were in our attempts to bring Scripts here. I mean we learned a lot from the near-miss on Scripts, and we were a lot closer on that then people knew. What’s the guy’s name that’s head of Scripts, who’s going to retire now?</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>Richard…</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Yeah, and he was—when we were out at the airport before they left to go down south, he was asking if I’d come out and meet with his board the next week. We were—we were that close to getting that, but I correctly forecasted we would not. The farther they got away from us, the more his desire to be down there with the billionaires would take over, and that’s what happened.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>The area also looked like La Jolla[, San Diego, California]. A lot of those people were coming…</p>
<p><strong>Lester<br /></strong>Yes.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>Because they wanted that environmental landscape.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>You know, we—we had the better offer in terms of what we could really provide for them, but there’s was a lifestyle component that was very important to them and I thought the closer they got to that—the farther they got from Lake Nona and what we were offering them, the less we were going to be happy with the result, and that’s indeed what happened, but boy, what we learned. Not just here at the university, but what Orlando and—and Orange County learned made a big difference in the next effort.</p>
<p><strong>Clark<br /></strong>One thing that surprised me ever since we got involved in this was: in so many places, the local university is either the 500 pound gorilla—and I am thinking Yale [University] and New Haven[, Connecticut] —or else is an ivory tower that almost is ashamed of—Duke [University] and Durham[, North Carolina]—being in the community, and this is really very unique. This is—I—I can’t think of other—other cities where this has happened, where the local university…</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>There are a few.</p>
<p><strong>Clark<br /></strong>Has played such a role in the business community.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Yeah, yeah. No, and that makes a big difference for us, in the support we can get for various things.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>That’s how we had University of Florida [inaudible] Dean of Engineering, a friend—I guess they’ve been together in a past life—with President [Bernie] Machen. Vermont called and said, “We’d like to join the corridor,” and said, “We’re honored.” On asking why, he said, “Well, there’s no way we can stay on the top 20 or have any hope of getting into the top 10 of engineering colleges in the U.S. if we don’t climb out of our ivory tower and get down and start partnering with companies to do applied research.” Not basic—applied research. Oh, by the way, his stats—and he knew it—70 percent of those companies in Florida “were in your corridor, and we’d like to partner with them.”</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>I know we can come down, but that’s not the way to do it. We want to figure out how to partner with you.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>I think that’s a change in attitude among the institutions…</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>Again, which is to your credit, is this concept of partnership—that it does work, because I think what Randy said is, Bernie could be here, do whatever he wants to do. He does need us, but in reality, he could do it without us.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Yeah, he could, and it’s a closely-held strategic view. They see, as he puts it, we are the survivors, and they would like to work with us. I hope that survives Bernie.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>Yes, that’s the—that’s always the question.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Always the question. You know, if you’ve got an old-style, rigid, competitor mentality that it might not, but…</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>John, I think going—part of [inaudible] we will know that very quickly, but that search committee was given the sense of the importance of that partnership.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Well, and in their chair in that David Brown again? He and Bernie are really good in that selection.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>What can we do for you?</p>
<p><strong>Lester<br /></strong>Well, I—this is…</p>
<p><strong>Clark<br /></strong>You had another question, you said?</p>
<p><strong>Lester<br /></strong>They answered it.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt</strong> <br />Did they? Okay.</p>
<p><strong>Lester<br /></strong>In going through that. This has been very helpful. A lot of the things that you said I kind of gathered through looking at other things and I kind of had the intuition that this was the way it was, but it is very helpful to hear you say it and confirm it. That that’s the way it was, and there was some new things I learned, and I know your time was very valuable and I really appreciate the time.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>This was fun.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Thank you.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Thank you. Yes.</p>
<p><strong>Lester<br /></strong>I have to say, on a much smaller level, I’ve worked at a couple big universities before I got here. This is the first university I’ve been to that actually meant it when it says “partnership,” and even in the [UCF] History Department, RICHES [Regional Initiative for Collecting the History, Experiences, and Stories of Central Florida] now has 28 partnerships between different departments, the community, and businesses.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Oh, wow.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>You guys and gals over there are doing partnerships. It—it’s known.</p>
<p><strong>Lester</strong> It’s really been amazing to me how well that works.</p>
<p><strong>Clark<br /></strong>Did you know we have our own museum now? Up in Sanford?<a title="">[6]</a></p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>You’re the dinosaur.</p>
<p><strong>Clark<br /></strong>A number of people have said…</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>Can I get two points?</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>You’re a leg up on three points</p>
<p><strong>Lester<br /></strong>But you know…</p>
<p><strong>Clark<br /></strong>A number of people I’ve talked to, involved in this, have said that giving me a pay raise would enhance the university.</p>
<p><strong>Lester<br /></strong>Exactly.</p>
<p><strong>Clark<br /></strong>Have you given that much…</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>We have. We’ve thought about it a lot.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>You know what—actually, I understand.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>We’ve thought about it as much as we’re going to.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>I understand we’ve thought that we’re going to do some research on that.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>It’s a history project.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>Let’s say goodbye to the staff. Thank you so much for the interview.</p>
<div><br /><div>
<p><a title="">[1]</a> Randolph E. Berridge.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="">[2]</a> Irma Becerra-Fernandez.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="">[3]</a> Paul R. Sandberg.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="">[4]</a> Salon International de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace, Paris-Le Bourget.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="">[5]</a> Richard “Rick” Lynn Scott.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="">[6]</a> UCF Public History Center.</p>
</div>
</div>
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research and development
Research Park
Richard Lynn Scott
RICHES of Central Florida
Rick Scott
Rob Goddell
Roger Pynn
Ron Walker
Sacher
Salon International de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace, Paris-Le Bourget
Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute
Sarah McGreer
Science, Technology, Engineering and Math
Seminole County
Seminole State College
Senate
Shava Jackson-Car
Silicon Valley, California
simulation
simulation industry
Smart
South Florida
SSC
state colleges
State of Florida
State University System of Florida
STEM programs
Steve Burly
Sunnyvale, California
Tampa
Tampa Bay
TCU
Tech Path
Teresa Jacobs
Texas Christian University
The Chronicle of Higher Education
Thomas Charles Feeney III
Tom Feeney
Tom Feeny
Tom O'Neal
Toni Jennings
Tracy Swarztz
UCF
UCF Department of History
UCF Knights
UF
UM
United Technologies Corporation
University of Central Florida
University of Central Florida Department of History
University of Florida
University of Miami
University of South Florida
USF
venture capitalism
Venture Forward
Volusia County Community College
workforce development
-
https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/fac6b51a9de60ded25045af43867f20e.mp3
7912017379398273c2bcb6758080bda2
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Jazz Collection
Alternative Title
Jazz Collection
Subject
Music--United States
Jazz--United States
Orlando (Fla.)
Description
Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of jazz in Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around.
The roots of jazz music began in the fields of the American South, as African-American slaves sang “call-and-response” work songs and “spirituals” to help them get through the brutal hours of forced labor. As Europeans immigrated to American cities in the late 19th century, they brought their musical traditions with them, and soon African-American musicians, such as Ernest Hogan and Scott Joplin, combined these styles with polyrhythmic African music, creating ragtime. New Orleans was an especially diverse cultural melting pot and became a place for musical experimentation by the early 1910s. European music merged with blues, folk, marching band music, and ragtime, creating a new genre called “jazz.”
By the 1920s, the First Great Migration brought millions of African Americans to the urban Northeast and Midwest. Young, white Americans became enamored with jazz and blues music and the genre was soon being played on radio stations, at dancehalls, and in homes across the country. New York City, Kansas City, and Chicago began to establish their own styles of jazz. Big band swing became the most popular style of American music in the 1930s and 1940s.
The most definitive feature of jazz is improvisation. The Great Depression forced many bands to cut down in size, leaving more space for intricate melodies and room for exploration. Bebop, which emerged in New York in the early 1940s, was aimed at a listening audience, rather than a dancing one, and became known as “musician’s music.” Bebop paved the way for Afro-Cuban and Latin jazz in the 1950s, when musicians, such as Dizzy Gillespie and Duke Ellington, incorporated Latin rhythms by playing with Cuban musicians in New York. The popularity of rock music in the 1960s and 1970s led to jazz-rock fusion, which combined improvisation with rock rhythms and amplified instruments. By the 1980s, smooth jazz emerged, creating a commercial form of the genre that drew criticism from many purists, who felt that the musicians were more concerned with making money than creating art with substance.
Although Florida might not be as closely associated with jazz as cities like New Orleans, Chicago, and New York City, it has made significant contributions nonetheless. Afro-Cuban jazz developed simultaneously in New York City and Havana in the early 1940s, and Florida’s Cuban immigrants had a profound cultural impact on areas like Miami and Tampa. Since its foundation in 1979, the annual Jacksonville Jazz Festival has become one of the most popular jazz festivals in the country, featuring some of the top names in the genre, such as Dizzy Gillespie, Miles Davis, Count Basie, George Benson, and Herbie Hancock. The Clearwater Jazz Holiday began around the same time and has also evolved into a major international jazz festival. In addition to the legendary Sam Rivers, who moved to Orlando in the early 1990s and continued to perform until his death in 2011, Florida has been the home to a number of prominent jazz musicians, including Cedric Wallace, Ira Sullivan, George Tucker, Nathen Page, Alfred “Pee Wee” Ellis, Jackie Davis, Rich Matteson, Jeff Rupert, and the University of Central Florida’s Jazz Professors.
Contributor
<a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">WUCF-FM</a>
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/140" target="_blank">Central Florida Music History Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida.
Type
Collection
Coverage
Arturo Sandoval Jazz Club, Deauville Beach Resort, Miami Beach, Florida
DeLand, Florida
Young Musicians Camp, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
WUCF-TV, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Cravero, Geoffrey
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
External Reference
Alkyer, Frank. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/319491298" target="_blank"><em> DownBeat--the Great Jazz Interviews: A 75th Anniversary Anthology</em></a>. New York: Hal Leonard, 2009.
Gioia, Ted. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/36245922" target="_blank"><em>The History of Jazz</em></a>. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.
Ward, Geoffrey C., and Ken Burns. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42404676" target="_blank"><em>Jazz: A History of America's Music</em></a>. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2000.
Sound/Podcast
A resource whose content is primarily intended to be rendered as audio.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
"Con Alma" by Ira Sullivan
Alternative Title
"Con Alma" by Ira Sullivan
Subject
Orlando (Fla.)
Music--United States
Jazz--United States
Description
An audio recording of "Con Alma," composed by Dizzy Gillespie (1917-1993) and performed by Ira Sullivan (b. 1931) live on-air on WUCF-FM on December 8, 2006. A multi-instrumentalist, Sullivan was a crucial part of the Chicago jazz scene of the 1950s, performing with numerous artists, including a stint with Art Blakey (1919-1990) and the Jazz Messengers in 1956. He left the spotlight and moved to Florida to raise his family in the early 1960s, eventually starting a quintet with Red Rodney (1927-1994). Sullivan taught summers at the University of Miami's Young Musician's Camp, in which professional musicians and faculty from the UM School of Music instructed students between 7 and 18 years old in classical music, jazz, rock, songwriting, composition, and musical theater. "Con Alma" is a jazz standard written and recorded by Gillespie for his 1954 album, <em>Afro</em>. The song combines aspects of bebop jazz and Latin rhythm.
Type
Sound
Source
Original 7-minute and 52-second audio recording: Gillespie, Dizzy. "Con Alma," by Ira Sullivan: <a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">WUCF-FM</a>, Orlando, Florida, December 8, 2006.
Requires
Multimedia software, such as <a href="http://www.apple.com/quicktime/download/" target="_blank"> QuickTime</a>.
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/141" target="_blank">Jazz Collection</a>, Central Florida Music History Collection, RICHES of Central Florida
Coverage
WUCF-FM, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
Young Musicians Camp, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
Chicago, Illinois
Creator
Gillespie, Dizzy
Publisher
<a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">WUCF-FM</a>
Contributor
Sullivan, Ira
Date Created
2006-12-08
Date Issued
2006-12-08
Date Copyrighted
2006-12-08
Format
audio/mp3
Extent
7.2 MB
Medium
7-minute and 52-second audio recording
Mediator
History Teacher
Humanities Teacher
Music Teacher
Provenance
Originally created by Dizzy Gillespie, performed by Ira Sullivan, and published by <a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">WUCF-FM</a>.
Rights Holder
Copyright to this resource is held by Dizzy Gillespie and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only.
Accrual Method
Donation
Curator
Cravero, Geoffrey
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">WUCF-FM</a>
External Reference
"<a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/about.php" target="_blank">About WUCF</a>." WUCF.ucf.edu. http://wucf.ucf.edu/about.php (accessed March 9, 2015)
Meredith, Bill. "<a href="http://jazztimes.com/articles/19200-ira-sullivan-family-first" target="_blank">Ira Sullivan: Family First</a>." <em>Jazz Times</em>, December 2007. http://jazztimes.com/articles/19200-ira-sullivan-family-first (Accessed March 23, 2015).
Click to View (Movie, Podcast, or Website)
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/fac6b51a9de60ded25045af43867f20e.mp3" target="_blank">"Con Alma" by Ira Sullivan</a>
alto hornists
alto saxophones
alto saxophonists
alton horns
bebop
bop
CAH
College of Arts and Humanities
Con Alma
Dizzy Gillespie
flautists
flugelhornists
flugelhorns
flutes
Ira Sullivan
jazz
jazz ensembles
jazz standard
John Birks Gillespie
music
musicians
National Public Radio
NPR
orlando
PBS
peck horns
Public Broadcasting Service
soprano saxophones
soprano saxophonists
tenor horns
tenor saxophones
tenor saxophonists
UCF
UM
University of Central Florida
University of Miami
WUCF-FM
Young Musicians Camp
-
https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/0bdc571c78ac5a030d9922f0a4106e5b.mp3
f61c1760efb8641537b26ba26e6efa84
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Jazz Collection
Alternative Title
Jazz Collection
Subject
Music--United States
Jazz--United States
Orlando (Fla.)
Description
Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of jazz in Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around.
The roots of jazz music began in the fields of the American South, as African-American slaves sang “call-and-response” work songs and “spirituals” to help them get through the brutal hours of forced labor. As Europeans immigrated to American cities in the late 19th century, they brought their musical traditions with them, and soon African-American musicians, such as Ernest Hogan and Scott Joplin, combined these styles with polyrhythmic African music, creating ragtime. New Orleans was an especially diverse cultural melting pot and became a place for musical experimentation by the early 1910s. European music merged with blues, folk, marching band music, and ragtime, creating a new genre called “jazz.”
By the 1920s, the First Great Migration brought millions of African Americans to the urban Northeast and Midwest. Young, white Americans became enamored with jazz and blues music and the genre was soon being played on radio stations, at dancehalls, and in homes across the country. New York City, Kansas City, and Chicago began to establish their own styles of jazz. Big band swing became the most popular style of American music in the 1930s and 1940s.
The most definitive feature of jazz is improvisation. The Great Depression forced many bands to cut down in size, leaving more space for intricate melodies and room for exploration. Bebop, which emerged in New York in the early 1940s, was aimed at a listening audience, rather than a dancing one, and became known as “musician’s music.” Bebop paved the way for Afro-Cuban and Latin jazz in the 1950s, when musicians, such as Dizzy Gillespie and Duke Ellington, incorporated Latin rhythms by playing with Cuban musicians in New York. The popularity of rock music in the 1960s and 1970s led to jazz-rock fusion, which combined improvisation with rock rhythms and amplified instruments. By the 1980s, smooth jazz emerged, creating a commercial form of the genre that drew criticism from many purists, who felt that the musicians were more concerned with making money than creating art with substance.
Although Florida might not be as closely associated with jazz as cities like New Orleans, Chicago, and New York City, it has made significant contributions nonetheless. Afro-Cuban jazz developed simultaneously in New York City and Havana in the early 1940s, and Florida’s Cuban immigrants had a profound cultural impact on areas like Miami and Tampa. Since its foundation in 1979, the annual Jacksonville Jazz Festival has become one of the most popular jazz festivals in the country, featuring some of the top names in the genre, such as Dizzy Gillespie, Miles Davis, Count Basie, George Benson, and Herbie Hancock. The Clearwater Jazz Holiday began around the same time and has also evolved into a major international jazz festival. In addition to the legendary Sam Rivers, who moved to Orlando in the early 1990s and continued to perform until his death in 2011, Florida has been the home to a number of prominent jazz musicians, including Cedric Wallace, Ira Sullivan, George Tucker, Nathen Page, Alfred “Pee Wee” Ellis, Jackie Davis, Rich Matteson, Jeff Rupert, and the University of Central Florida’s Jazz Professors.
Contributor
<a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">WUCF-FM</a>
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/140" target="_blank">Central Florida Music History Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida.
Type
Collection
Coverage
Arturo Sandoval Jazz Club, Deauville Beach Resort, Miami Beach, Florida
DeLand, Florida
Young Musicians Camp, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
WUCF-TV, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Cravero, Geoffrey
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
External Reference
Alkyer, Frank. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/319491298" target="_blank"><em> DownBeat--the Great Jazz Interviews: A 75th Anniversary Anthology</em></a>. New York: Hal Leonard, 2009.
Gioia, Ted. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/36245922" target="_blank"><em>The History of Jazz</em></a>. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.
Ward, Geoffrey C., and Ken Burns. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42404676" target="_blank"><em>Jazz: A History of America's Music</em></a>. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2000.
Sound/Podcast
A resource whose content is primarily intended to be rendered as audio.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
"You Must Believe in Spring" by Ira Sullivan
Alternative Title
"You Must Believe in Spring" by Ira Sullivan
Subject
Orlando (Fla.)
Music--United States
Jazz--United States
Description
An audio recording of "You Must Believe in Spring," composed by Michel Legrand (b. 1932), with lyrics by Alan Bergman (b. 1925), Marilyn Bergman (b. 1929), and Jacques Demy (1931-1990), and performed by Ira Sullivan (b. 1931) live on-air on WUCF-FM on December 8, 2006. A multi-instrumentalist, Sullivan was a crucial part of the Chicago jazz scene of the 1950s, performing with numerous artists, including a stint with Art Blakey (1919-1990) and the Jazz Messengers in 1956. He left the spotlight and moved to Florida to raise his family in the early 1960s, eventually starting a quintet with Red Rodney (1927-1994). Sullivan taught summers at the University of Miami's Young Musician's Camp, in which professional musicians and faculty from the UM School of Music instructed students between 7 and 18 years old in classical music, jazz, rock, songwriting, composition, and musical theater. "You Must Believe in Spring" is a 1967 jazz standard often associated with Bill Evans (1929-1980), who recorded the song for his 1981 album of the same name, and as a duet with Tony Bennett (b. 1926) on their 1977 album, <em>Together Again</em>.
Type
Sound
Source
Original 5-minute and 50-second audio recording: Legrand, Michel, Alan Bergman, Marilyn Bergman, and Jacque Demy. "You Must Believe in Spring," by Ira Sullivan: <a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">WUCF-FM</a>, Orlando, Florida, December 8, 2006.
Requires
Multimedia software, such as <a href="http://www.apple.com/quicktime/download/" target="_blank"> QuickTime</a>.
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/141" target="_blank">Jazz Collection</a>, Central Florida Music History Collection, RICHES of Central Florida
Coverage
WUCF-FM, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
Young Musicians Camp, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
Chicago, Illinois
Creator
Legrand, Michel
Bergman, Alan
Bergman, Marilyn
Demy, Jacques
Publisher
<a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">WUCF-FM</a>
Contributor
Sullivan, Ira
Date Created
2006-12-08
Date Issued
2006-12-08
Date Copyrighted
2006-12-08
Format
audio/mp3
Extent
5.35 MB
Medium
5-minute and 50-second audio recording
Mediator
History Teacher
Humanities Teacher
Music Teacher
Provenance
Originally created by Michel Legrand, Alan Bergman, Marilyn Bergman, and Jacques Louis Demy, performed by Ira Sullivan, and published by <a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">WUCF-FM</a>.
Rights Holder
Copyright to this resource is held by Michel Legrand, Alan Bergman, Marilyn Bergman, and Jacques Louis Demy and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only.
Accrual Method
Donation
Curator
Cravero, Geoffrey
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">WUCF-FM</a>
External Reference
Meredith, Bill. "<a href="http://jazztimes.com/articles/19200-ira-sullivan-family-first" target="_blank">Ira Sullivan: Family First</a>." <em>Jazz Times</em>, December 2007. http://jazztimes.com/articles/19200-ira-sullivan-family-first (Accessed March 23, 2015).
Click to View (Movie, Podcast, or Website)
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/0bdc571c78ac5a030d9922f0a4106e5b.mp3" target="_blank">"You Must Believe in Spring" by Ira Sullivan</a>
Alan Bergman
alto hornists
alto saxophones
alto saxophonists
alton horns
bebop
bop
CAH
College of Arts and Humanities
flautists
flugelhornists
flugelhorns
flutes
Ira Sullivan
Jacques Demy
jazz
jazz ensembles
jazz standard
Marilyn Bergman
Marilyn Keith
Michel Legrand
music
musicians
National Public Radio
NPR
orlando
PBS
peck horns
Public Broadcasting Service
soprano saxophones
soprano saxophonists
tenor horns
tenor saxophones
tenor saxophonists
UCF
UM
University of Central Florida
University of Miami
WUCF-FM
You Must Believe in Spring
Young Musicians Camp
-
https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/2d3709ae914276fe30970dcccbb3b504.mp3
fb5fac5babfe1286125176315963929b
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Jazz Collection
Alternative Title
Jazz Collection
Subject
Music--United States
Jazz--United States
Orlando (Fla.)
Description
Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of jazz in Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around.
The roots of jazz music began in the fields of the American South, as African-American slaves sang “call-and-response” work songs and “spirituals” to help them get through the brutal hours of forced labor. As Europeans immigrated to American cities in the late 19th century, they brought their musical traditions with them, and soon African-American musicians, such as Ernest Hogan and Scott Joplin, combined these styles with polyrhythmic African music, creating ragtime. New Orleans was an especially diverse cultural melting pot and became a place for musical experimentation by the early 1910s. European music merged with blues, folk, marching band music, and ragtime, creating a new genre called “jazz.”
By the 1920s, the First Great Migration brought millions of African Americans to the urban Northeast and Midwest. Young, white Americans became enamored with jazz and blues music and the genre was soon being played on radio stations, at dancehalls, and in homes across the country. New York City, Kansas City, and Chicago began to establish their own styles of jazz. Big band swing became the most popular style of American music in the 1930s and 1940s.
The most definitive feature of jazz is improvisation. The Great Depression forced many bands to cut down in size, leaving more space for intricate melodies and room for exploration. Bebop, which emerged in New York in the early 1940s, was aimed at a listening audience, rather than a dancing one, and became known as “musician’s music.” Bebop paved the way for Afro-Cuban and Latin jazz in the 1950s, when musicians, such as Dizzy Gillespie and Duke Ellington, incorporated Latin rhythms by playing with Cuban musicians in New York. The popularity of rock music in the 1960s and 1970s led to jazz-rock fusion, which combined improvisation with rock rhythms and amplified instruments. By the 1980s, smooth jazz emerged, creating a commercial form of the genre that drew criticism from many purists, who felt that the musicians were more concerned with making money than creating art with substance.
Although Florida might not be as closely associated with jazz as cities like New Orleans, Chicago, and New York City, it has made significant contributions nonetheless. Afro-Cuban jazz developed simultaneously in New York City and Havana in the early 1940s, and Florida’s Cuban immigrants had a profound cultural impact on areas like Miami and Tampa. Since its foundation in 1979, the annual Jacksonville Jazz Festival has become one of the most popular jazz festivals in the country, featuring some of the top names in the genre, such as Dizzy Gillespie, Miles Davis, Count Basie, George Benson, and Herbie Hancock. The Clearwater Jazz Holiday began around the same time and has also evolved into a major international jazz festival. In addition to the legendary Sam Rivers, who moved to Orlando in the early 1990s and continued to perform until his death in 2011, Florida has been the home to a number of prominent jazz musicians, including Cedric Wallace, Ira Sullivan, George Tucker, Nathen Page, Alfred “Pee Wee” Ellis, Jackie Davis, Rich Matteson, Jeff Rupert, and the University of Central Florida’s Jazz Professors.
Contributor
<a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">WUCF-FM</a>
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/140" target="_blank">Central Florida Music History Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida.
Type
Collection
Coverage
Arturo Sandoval Jazz Club, Deauville Beach Resort, Miami Beach, Florida
DeLand, Florida
Young Musicians Camp, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
WUCF-TV, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Cravero, Geoffrey
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
External Reference
Alkyer, Frank. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/319491298" target="_blank"><em> DownBeat--the Great Jazz Interviews: A 75th Anniversary Anthology</em></a>. New York: Hal Leonard, 2009.
Gioia, Ted. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/36245922" target="_blank"><em>The History of Jazz</em></a>. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.
Ward, Geoffrey C., and Ken Burns. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42404676" target="_blank"><em>Jazz: A History of America's Music</em></a>. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2000.
Sound/Podcast
A resource whose content is primarily intended to be rendered as audio.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
"Samba de Orpheus" by Ira Sullivan
Alternative Title
"Samba de Orpheus" by Ira Sullivan
Subject
Orlando (Fla.)
Music--United States
Jazz--United States
Description
An audio recording of "Samba de Orpheus," composed by Luiz Bonfá (1922-2001) and performed by Ira Sullivan (b. 1931) live on-air on WUCF-FM on December 8, 2006. A multi-instrumentalist, Sullivan was a crucial part of the Chicago jazz scene of the 1950s, performing with numerous artists, including a stint with Art Blakey (1919-1990) and the Jazz Messengers in 1956. He left the spotlight and moved to Florida to raise his family in the early 1960s, eventually starting a quintet with Red Rodney (1927-1994). Sullivan taught summers at the University of Miami's Young Musician's Camp, in which professional musicians and faculty from the UM School of Music instructed students between 7 and 18 years old in classical music, jazz, rock, songwriting, composition, and musical theater. One of the first bossa nova compositions to gain popularity outside Brazil, "Samba de Orpheus" has become a jazz standard. The song originally appeared in the 1959 film, <em>Orfeu Negro</em> ("<em>Black Orpheus</em>").
Type
Sound
Source
Original 6-minute and 24-second audio recording: Bonfá, Luiz. "Samba de Orpheus," by Ira Sullivan: <a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">WUCF-FM</a>, Orlando, Florida, December 8, 2006.
Requires
Multimedia software, such as <a href="http://www.apple.com/quicktime/download/" target="_blank"> QuickTime</a>.
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/141" target="_blank">Jazz Collection</a>, Central Florida Music History Collection, RICHES of Central Florida
Coverage
WUCF-FM, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
Young Musicians Camp, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
Chicago, Illinois
Creator
Bonfá, Luiz
Publisher
<a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">WUCF-FM</a>
Contributor
Sullivan, Ira
Date Created
2006-12-08
Date Issued
2006-12-08
Date Copyrighted
2006-12-08
Format
audio/mp3
Extent
5.86 MB
Medium
6-minute and 24-second audio recording
Mediator
History Teacher
Humanities Teacher
Music Teacher
Provenance
Originally created by Luiz Bonfá performed by Ira Sullivan, and published by <a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">WUCF-FM</a>.
Rights Holder
Copyright to this resource is held by Luiz Bonfá and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only.
Accrual Method
Donation
Curator
Cravero, Geoffrey
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">WUCF-FM</a>
External Reference
Meredith, Bill. "<a href="http://jazztimes.com/articles/19200-ira-sullivan-family-first" target="_blank">Ira Sullivan: Family First</a>." <em>Jazz Times</em>, December 2007. http://jazztimes.com/articles/19200-ira-sullivan-family-first (Accessed March 23, 2015).
Click to View (Movie, Podcast, or Website)
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/2d3709ae914276fe30970dcccbb3b504.mp3" target="_blank">"Samba de Orpheus" by Ira Sullivan</a>
alto hornists
alto saxophones
alto saxophonists
alton horns
bebop
bop
bossa nova
Brazilian jazz
Brazilian music
CAH
College of Arts and Humanities
flautists
flugelhornists
flugelhorns
flutes
Ira Sullivan
jazz
jazz ensemble
jazz ensembles
Luiz Bonfá
Luiz Floriano Bonfá
music
musicians
National Public Radio
NPR
orlando
PBS
peck horns
Public Broadcasting Service
samba
Samba de Orpheus
Samba of Orpheus
soprano saxophones
soprano saxophonists
tenor horns
tenor saxophones
tenor saxophonists
UCF
UM
University of Central Florida
University of Miami
WUCF-FM
Young Musicians Camp
-
https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/36478f45be3a7b8c35bbec95005c163c.mp3
ca4d34f28f024d80b6abdeb8dee522eb
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Jazz Collection
Alternative Title
Jazz Collection
Subject
Music--United States
Jazz--United States
Orlando (Fla.)
Description
Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of jazz in Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around.
The roots of jazz music began in the fields of the American South, as African-American slaves sang “call-and-response” work songs and “spirituals” to help them get through the brutal hours of forced labor. As Europeans immigrated to American cities in the late 19th century, they brought their musical traditions with them, and soon African-American musicians, such as Ernest Hogan and Scott Joplin, combined these styles with polyrhythmic African music, creating ragtime. New Orleans was an especially diverse cultural melting pot and became a place for musical experimentation by the early 1910s. European music merged with blues, folk, marching band music, and ragtime, creating a new genre called “jazz.”
By the 1920s, the First Great Migration brought millions of African Americans to the urban Northeast and Midwest. Young, white Americans became enamored with jazz and blues music and the genre was soon being played on radio stations, at dancehalls, and in homes across the country. New York City, Kansas City, and Chicago began to establish their own styles of jazz. Big band swing became the most popular style of American music in the 1930s and 1940s.
The most definitive feature of jazz is improvisation. The Great Depression forced many bands to cut down in size, leaving more space for intricate melodies and room for exploration. Bebop, which emerged in New York in the early 1940s, was aimed at a listening audience, rather than a dancing one, and became known as “musician’s music.” Bebop paved the way for Afro-Cuban and Latin jazz in the 1950s, when musicians, such as Dizzy Gillespie and Duke Ellington, incorporated Latin rhythms by playing with Cuban musicians in New York. The popularity of rock music in the 1960s and 1970s led to jazz-rock fusion, which combined improvisation with rock rhythms and amplified instruments. By the 1980s, smooth jazz emerged, creating a commercial form of the genre that drew criticism from many purists, who felt that the musicians were more concerned with making money than creating art with substance.
Although Florida might not be as closely associated with jazz as cities like New Orleans, Chicago, and New York City, it has made significant contributions nonetheless. Afro-Cuban jazz developed simultaneously in New York City and Havana in the early 1940s, and Florida’s Cuban immigrants had a profound cultural impact on areas like Miami and Tampa. Since its foundation in 1979, the annual Jacksonville Jazz Festival has become one of the most popular jazz festivals in the country, featuring some of the top names in the genre, such as Dizzy Gillespie, Miles Davis, Count Basie, George Benson, and Herbie Hancock. The Clearwater Jazz Holiday began around the same time and has also evolved into a major international jazz festival. In addition to the legendary Sam Rivers, who moved to Orlando in the early 1990s and continued to perform until his death in 2011, Florida has been the home to a number of prominent jazz musicians, including Cedric Wallace, Ira Sullivan, George Tucker, Nathen Page, Alfred “Pee Wee” Ellis, Jackie Davis, Rich Matteson, Jeff Rupert, and the University of Central Florida’s Jazz Professors.
Contributor
<a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">WUCF-FM</a>
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/140" target="_blank">Central Florida Music History Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida.
Type
Collection
Coverage
Arturo Sandoval Jazz Club, Deauville Beach Resort, Miami Beach, Florida
DeLand, Florida
Young Musicians Camp, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
WUCF-TV, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Cravero, Geoffrey
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
External Reference
Alkyer, Frank. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/319491298" target="_blank"><em> DownBeat--the Great Jazz Interviews: A 75th Anniversary Anthology</em></a>. New York: Hal Leonard, 2009.
Gioia, Ted. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/36245922" target="_blank"><em>The History of Jazz</em></a>. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.
Ward, Geoffrey C., and Ken Burns. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42404676" target="_blank"><em>Jazz: A History of America's Music</em></a>. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2000.
Sound/Podcast
A resource whose content is primarily intended to be rendered as audio.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
"Christmas Time is Here" by Ira Sullivan
Alternative Title
"Christmas Time is Here" by Ira Sullivan
Subject
Orlando (Fla.)
Music--United States
Jazz--United States
Description
An audio recording of "Christmas Time is Here," composed by Lee Mendelson (b. 1933) and Vince Guaraldi (1928-1976), and performed by Ira Sullivan (b. 1931) live on-air on WUCF-FM on December 8, 2006. A multi-instrumentalist, Sullivan was a crucial part of the Chicago jazz scene of the 1950s, performing with numerous artists, including a stint with Art Blakey (1919-1990) and the Jazz Messengers in 1956. He left the spotlight and moved to Florida to raise his family in the early 1960s, eventually starting a quintet with Red Rodney (1927-1994). Sullivan taught summers at the University of Miami's Young Musician's Camp, in which professional musicians and faculty from the UM School of Music instructed students between 7 and 18 years old in classical music, jazz, rock, songwriting, composition, and musical theater. "Christmas Time is Here" is a jazz standard written for the 1965 network television special, <em>A Charlie Brown Christmas</em>.
Type
Sound
Source
Original 7-minute and 8-second audio recording: Mendelson, Lee, and Vince Guaraldi. "Christmas Time is Here," by Ira Sullivan: <a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">WUCF-FM</a>, Orlando, Florida, December 8, 2006.
Requires
Multimedia software, such as <a href="http://www.apple.com/quicktime/download/" target="_blank"> QuickTime</a>.
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/141" target="_blank">Jazz Collection</a>, Central Florida Music History Collection, RICHES of Central Florida
Coverage
WUCF-FM, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
Young Musicians Camp, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
Chicago, Illinois
Creator
Mendelson, Lee
Guaraldi, Vince
Publisher
<a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">WUCF-FM</a>
Contributor
Sullivan, Ira
Date Created
2006-12-08
Date Issued
2006-12-08
Date Copyrighted
2006-12-08
Format
audio/mp3
Extent
6.53 MB
Medium
7-minute and 8-second audio recording
Mediator
History Teacher
Humanities Teacher
Music Teacher
Provenance
Originally created by Lee Mendelson and Vince Guaraldi, performed by Ira Sullivan, and published by <a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">WUCF-FM</a>.
Rights Holder
Copyright to this resource is held by Lee Mendelson and Vince Guaraldi and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only.
Accrual Method
Donation
Curator
Cravero, Geoffrey
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">WUCF-FM</a>
External Reference
Meredith, Bill. "<a href="http://jazztimes.com/articles/19200-ira-sullivan-family-first" target="_blank">Ira Sullivan: Family First</a>." <em>Jazz Times</em>, December 2007. http://jazztimes.com/articles/19200-ira-sullivan-family-first (Accessed March 23, 2015).
Click to View (Movie, Podcast, or Website)
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/36478f45be3a7b8c35bbec95005c163c.mp3" target="_blank">"Christmas Time is Here" by Ira Sullivan</a>
A Charlie Brown Christmas
alto hornists
alto saxophones
alto saxophonists
alton horns
bebop
bop
CAH
Charlie Brown
Chicago, Illinois
Christmas Time is Here
College of Arts and Humanities
flautists
flugelhornists
flugelhorns
flutes
Ira Sullivan
jazz
jazz ensembles
jazz standard
Lee Mendelson
music
musicians
National Public Radio
NPR
orlando
PBS
peanuts
peck horns
Public Broadcasting Service
soprano saxophones
soprano saxophonists
tenor horns
tenor saxophones
tenor saxophonists
UCF
UM
University of Central Florida
University of Miami
Vince Guaraldi
Vincent Anthony Dellaglio
Vincent Anthony Guaraldi
WUCF-FM
Young Musicians Camp
-
https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/de4d6f53611f7ae73ee1bed3e85b74f5.mp3
339900e337f32b87b9c883245f5ebab9
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Jazz Collection
Alternative Title
Jazz Collection
Subject
Music--United States
Jazz--United States
Orlando (Fla.)
Description
Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of jazz in Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around.
The roots of jazz music began in the fields of the American South, as African-American slaves sang “call-and-response” work songs and “spirituals” to help them get through the brutal hours of forced labor. As Europeans immigrated to American cities in the late 19th century, they brought their musical traditions with them, and soon African-American musicians, such as Ernest Hogan and Scott Joplin, combined these styles with polyrhythmic African music, creating ragtime. New Orleans was an especially diverse cultural melting pot and became a place for musical experimentation by the early 1910s. European music merged with blues, folk, marching band music, and ragtime, creating a new genre called “jazz.”
By the 1920s, the First Great Migration brought millions of African Americans to the urban Northeast and Midwest. Young, white Americans became enamored with jazz and blues music and the genre was soon being played on radio stations, at dancehalls, and in homes across the country. New York City, Kansas City, and Chicago began to establish their own styles of jazz. Big band swing became the most popular style of American music in the 1930s and 1940s.
The most definitive feature of jazz is improvisation. The Great Depression forced many bands to cut down in size, leaving more space for intricate melodies and room for exploration. Bebop, which emerged in New York in the early 1940s, was aimed at a listening audience, rather than a dancing one, and became known as “musician’s music.” Bebop paved the way for Afro-Cuban and Latin jazz in the 1950s, when musicians, such as Dizzy Gillespie and Duke Ellington, incorporated Latin rhythms by playing with Cuban musicians in New York. The popularity of rock music in the 1960s and 1970s led to jazz-rock fusion, which combined improvisation with rock rhythms and amplified instruments. By the 1980s, smooth jazz emerged, creating a commercial form of the genre that drew criticism from many purists, who felt that the musicians were more concerned with making money than creating art with substance.
Although Florida might not be as closely associated with jazz as cities like New Orleans, Chicago, and New York City, it has made significant contributions nonetheless. Afro-Cuban jazz developed simultaneously in New York City and Havana in the early 1940s, and Florida’s Cuban immigrants had a profound cultural impact on areas like Miami and Tampa. Since its foundation in 1979, the annual Jacksonville Jazz Festival has become one of the most popular jazz festivals in the country, featuring some of the top names in the genre, such as Dizzy Gillespie, Miles Davis, Count Basie, George Benson, and Herbie Hancock. The Clearwater Jazz Holiday began around the same time and has also evolved into a major international jazz festival. In addition to the legendary Sam Rivers, who moved to Orlando in the early 1990s and continued to perform until his death in 2011, Florida has been the home to a number of prominent jazz musicians, including Cedric Wallace, Ira Sullivan, George Tucker, Nathen Page, Alfred “Pee Wee” Ellis, Jackie Davis, Rich Matteson, Jeff Rupert, and the University of Central Florida’s Jazz Professors.
Contributor
<a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">WUCF-FM</a>
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/140" target="_blank">Central Florida Music History Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida.
Type
Collection
Coverage
Arturo Sandoval Jazz Club, Deauville Beach Resort, Miami Beach, Florida
DeLand, Florida
Young Musicians Camp, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
WUCF-TV, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Cravero, Geoffrey
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
External Reference
Alkyer, Frank. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/319491298" target="_blank"><em> DownBeat--the Great Jazz Interviews: A 75th Anniversary Anthology</em></a>. New York: Hal Leonard, 2009.
Gioia, Ted. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/36245922" target="_blank"><em>The History of Jazz</em></a>. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.
Ward, Geoffrey C., and Ken Burns. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42404676" target="_blank"><em>Jazz: A History of America's Music</em></a>. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2000.
Sound/Podcast
A resource whose content is primarily intended to be rendered as audio.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
"Blues-ette" by Ira Sullivan
Alternative Title
"Blues-ette" by Ira Sullivan
Subject
Orlando (Fla.)
Music--United States
Jazz--United States
Description
An audio recording of "Blues-ette," composed by Curtis Fuller (b. 1934) and performed by Ira Sullivan (b. 1931) live on-air on WUCF-FM on December 8, 2006. A multi-instrumentalist, Sullivan was a crucial part of the Chicago jazz scene of the 1950s, performing with numerous artists, including a stint with Art Blakey (1919-1990) and the Jazz Messengers in 1956. He left the spotlight and moved to Florida to raise his family in the early 1960s, eventually starting a quintet with Red Rodney (1927-1994). Sullivan taught summers at the University of Miami's Young Musician's Camp, in which professional musicians and faculty from the UM School of Music instructed students between 7 and 18 years old in classical music, jazz, rock, songwriting, composition, and musical theater. "Blues-ette" was written and recorded by Fuller for his 1959 album of the same name.
Type
Sound
Source
Original 5-minute and 4-second audio recording: Fuller, Curtis. "Blues-ette," by Ira Sullivan: <a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">WUCF-FM</a>, Orlando, Florida, December 8, 2006.
Requires
Multimedia software, such as <a href="http://www.apple.com/quicktime/download/" target="_blank"> QuickTime</a>.
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/141" target="_blank">Jazz Collection</a>, Central Florida Music History Collection, RICHES of Central Florida
Coverage
WUCF-FM, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
Young Musicians Camp, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
Chicago, Illinois
Creator
Fuller, Curtis
Publisher
<a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">WUCF-FM</a>
Contributor
Sullivan, Ira
Date Created
2006-12-08
Date Issued
2006-12-08
Date Copyrighted
2006-12-08
Format
audio/mp3
Extent
4.64 MB
Medium
5-minute and 4-second audio recording
Mediator
History Teacher
Humanities Teacher
Music Teacher
Provenance
Originally created by Curtis Fuller, performed by Ira Sullivan, and published by <a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">WUCF-FM</a>.
Rights Holder
Copyright to this resource is held by Curtis Fuller and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only.
Accrual Method
Donation
Curator
Cravero, Geoffrey
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">WUCF-FM</a>
External Reference
Meredith, Bill. "<a href="http://jazztimes.com/articles/19200-ira-sullivan-family-first" target="_blank">Ira Sullivan: Family First</a>." <em>Jazz Times</em>, December 2007. http://jazztimes.com/articles/19200-ira-sullivan-family-first (Accessed March 23, 2015).
Click to View (Movie, Podcast, or Website)
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/de4d6f53611f7ae73ee1bed3e85b74f5.mp3" target="_blank">"Blues-ette" by Ira Sullivan</a>
alto hornists
alto saxophones
alto saxophonists
alton horns
band leader
bebop
Blues-ette
bop
CAH
Chicago, Illinois
College of Arts and Humanities
Curtis DuBois Fuller
Curtis Fuller
flautists
flugelhornists
flugelhorns
flutes
hard bop
Ira Sullivan
jazz
jazz ensembles
musicians
National Public Radio
NPR
orlando
PBS
peck horns
Public Broadcasting Service
soprano saxophonists
tenor horns
tenor saxophones
tenor saxophonists
UCF
UM
University of Central Florida
University of Miami
WUCF-FM
Young Musicians Camp
-
https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/895a409de8de511b530c30e4a997dd1a.mp3
811ef076017fa56db2288a558577f43a
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Jazz Collection
Alternative Title
Jazz Collection
Subject
Music--United States
Jazz--United States
Orlando (Fla.)
Description
Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of jazz in Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around.
The roots of jazz music began in the fields of the American South, as African-American slaves sang “call-and-response” work songs and “spirituals” to help them get through the brutal hours of forced labor. As Europeans immigrated to American cities in the late 19th century, they brought their musical traditions with them, and soon African-American musicians, such as Ernest Hogan and Scott Joplin, combined these styles with polyrhythmic African music, creating ragtime. New Orleans was an especially diverse cultural melting pot and became a place for musical experimentation by the early 1910s. European music merged with blues, folk, marching band music, and ragtime, creating a new genre called “jazz.”
By the 1920s, the First Great Migration brought millions of African Americans to the urban Northeast and Midwest. Young, white Americans became enamored with jazz and blues music and the genre was soon being played on radio stations, at dancehalls, and in homes across the country. New York City, Kansas City, and Chicago began to establish their own styles of jazz. Big band swing became the most popular style of American music in the 1930s and 1940s.
The most definitive feature of jazz is improvisation. The Great Depression forced many bands to cut down in size, leaving more space for intricate melodies and room for exploration. Bebop, which emerged in New York in the early 1940s, was aimed at a listening audience, rather than a dancing one, and became known as “musician’s music.” Bebop paved the way for Afro-Cuban and Latin jazz in the 1950s, when musicians, such as Dizzy Gillespie and Duke Ellington, incorporated Latin rhythms by playing with Cuban musicians in New York. The popularity of rock music in the 1960s and 1970s led to jazz-rock fusion, which combined improvisation with rock rhythms and amplified instruments. By the 1980s, smooth jazz emerged, creating a commercial form of the genre that drew criticism from many purists, who felt that the musicians were more concerned with making money than creating art with substance.
Although Florida might not be as closely associated with jazz as cities like New Orleans, Chicago, and New York City, it has made significant contributions nonetheless. Afro-Cuban jazz developed simultaneously in New York City and Havana in the early 1940s, and Florida’s Cuban immigrants had a profound cultural impact on areas like Miami and Tampa. Since its foundation in 1979, the annual Jacksonville Jazz Festival has become one of the most popular jazz festivals in the country, featuring some of the top names in the genre, such as Dizzy Gillespie, Miles Davis, Count Basie, George Benson, and Herbie Hancock. The Clearwater Jazz Holiday began around the same time and has also evolved into a major international jazz festival. In addition to the legendary Sam Rivers, who moved to Orlando in the early 1990s and continued to perform until his death in 2011, Florida has been the home to a number of prominent jazz musicians, including Cedric Wallace, Ira Sullivan, George Tucker, Nathen Page, Alfred “Pee Wee” Ellis, Jackie Davis, Rich Matteson, Jeff Rupert, and the University of Central Florida’s Jazz Professors.
Contributor
<a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">WUCF-FM</a>
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/140" target="_blank">Central Florida Music History Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida.
Type
Collection
Coverage
Arturo Sandoval Jazz Club, Deauville Beach Resort, Miami Beach, Florida
DeLand, Florida
Young Musicians Camp, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
WUCF-TV, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Cravero, Geoffrey
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
External Reference
Alkyer, Frank. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/319491298" target="_blank"><em> DownBeat--the Great Jazz Interviews: A 75th Anniversary Anthology</em></a>. New York: Hal Leonard, 2009.
Gioia, Ted. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/36245922" target="_blank"><em>The History of Jazz</em></a>. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.
Ward, Geoffrey C., and Ken Burns. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42404676" target="_blank"><em>Jazz: A History of America's Music</em></a>. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2000.
Sound/Podcast
A resource whose content is primarily intended to be rendered as audio.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
"Imagination" by Ira Sullivan
Alternative Title
"Imagination" by Ira Sullivan
Subject
Orlando (Fla.)
Music--United States
Jazz--United States
Description
An audio recording of "Imagination," composed by Jimmy Van Heusen (1913-1990), with lyrics by Johnny Burke (1908-1964), and performed by Ira Sullivan (b. 1931) live on-air on WUCF-FM on December 8, 2006. A multi-instrumentalist, Sullivan was a crucial part of the Chicago jazz scene of the 1950s, performing with numerous artists, including a stint with Art Blakey (1919-1990) and the Jazz Messengers in 1956. He left the spotlight and moved to Florida to raise his family in the early 1960s, eventually starting a quintet with Red Rodney (1927-1994). Sullivan taught summers at the University of Miami's Young Musician's Camp, in which professional musicians and faculty from the UM School of Music instructed students between 7 and 18 years old in classical music, jazz, rock, songwriting, composition, and musical theater. "Imagination" is a 1940 jazz standard that has been recorded by numerous artists. The best-selling recordings were by Glenn Miller (1904-1944) and Tommy Dorsey (1905-1956) in 1940, but Ella Fitzgerald (1917-1996) is considered by many to be the definitive jazz interpreter of the song.
Type
Sound
Source
Original 7-minute and 1-second audio recording: Van Heusen, Jimmy, and Johnny Burke. "Imagination," by Ira Sullivan: <a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">WUCF-FM</a>, Orlando, Florida, December 8, 2006.
Requires
Multimedia software, such as <a href="http://www.apple.com/quicktime/download/" target="_blank"> QuickTime</a>.
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/141" target="_blank">Jazz Collection</a>, Central Florida Music History Collection, RICHES of Central Florida
Coverage
WUCF-FM, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
Young Musicians Camp, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
Chicago, Illinois
Creator
Van Heusen, Jimmy
Burke, Johnny
Publisher
<a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">WUCF-FM</a>
Contributor
Sullivan, Ira
Date Created
2006-12-08
Date Issued
2006-12-08
Date Copyrighted
2006-12-08
Format
audio/mp3
Extent
6.42 MB
Medium
7-minute and 1-second audio recording
Mediator
History Teacher
Humanities Teacher
Music Teacher
Provenance
Originally created by Jimmy Van Heusen and Johnny Burke, performed by Ira Sullivan, and published by <a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">WUCF-FM</a>.
Rights Holder
Copyright to this resource is held by Jimmy Van Heusen and Johnny Burke and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only.
Accrual Method
Donation
Curator
Cravero, Geoffrey
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">WUCF-FM</a>
External Reference
Meredith, Bill. "<a href="http://jazztimes.com/articles/19200-ira-sullivan-family-first" target="_blank">Ira Sullivan: Family First</a>." <em>Jazz Times</em>, December 2007. http://jazztimes.com/articles/19200-ira-sullivan-family-first (Accessed March 23, 2015).
Click to View (Movie, Podcast, or Website)
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/895a409de8de511b530c30e4a997dd1a.mp3" target="_blank">"Imagination" by Ira Sullivan</a>
alto hornists
alto saxophones
alto saxophonists
alton horns
bebop
bop
CAH
Chicago, Illinois
College of Arts and Humanities
Edward Chester Babcock
flautists
flugelhornists
flugelhorns
flutes
Imagination
Ira Sullivan
jazz
jazz ensembles
jazz standard
Jimmy Van Heusen
John Francis Burke
Johnny Burke
music
musicians
National Public Radio
NPR
orlando
PBS
peck horns
Public Broadcasting Service
soprano saxophones
soprano saxophonists
tenor horns
tenor saxophones
tenor saxophonists
UCF
UM
University of Central Florida
University of Miami
WUCF-FM
Young Musicians Camp
-
https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/875a98f98e15f470cbcd606ebcd9a2c3.mp3
bafced2003b095a3048472021c440b02
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Jazz Collection
Alternative Title
Jazz Collection
Subject
Music--United States
Jazz--United States
Orlando (Fla.)
Description
Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of jazz in Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around.
The roots of jazz music began in the fields of the American South, as African-American slaves sang “call-and-response” work songs and “spirituals” to help them get through the brutal hours of forced labor. As Europeans immigrated to American cities in the late 19th century, they brought their musical traditions with them, and soon African-American musicians, such as Ernest Hogan and Scott Joplin, combined these styles with polyrhythmic African music, creating ragtime. New Orleans was an especially diverse cultural melting pot and became a place for musical experimentation by the early 1910s. European music merged with blues, folk, marching band music, and ragtime, creating a new genre called “jazz.”
By the 1920s, the First Great Migration brought millions of African Americans to the urban Northeast and Midwest. Young, white Americans became enamored with jazz and blues music and the genre was soon being played on radio stations, at dancehalls, and in homes across the country. New York City, Kansas City, and Chicago began to establish their own styles of jazz. Big band swing became the most popular style of American music in the 1930s and 1940s.
The most definitive feature of jazz is improvisation. The Great Depression forced many bands to cut down in size, leaving more space for intricate melodies and room for exploration. Bebop, which emerged in New York in the early 1940s, was aimed at a listening audience, rather than a dancing one, and became known as “musician’s music.” Bebop paved the way for Afro-Cuban and Latin jazz in the 1950s, when musicians, such as Dizzy Gillespie and Duke Ellington, incorporated Latin rhythms by playing with Cuban musicians in New York. The popularity of rock music in the 1960s and 1970s led to jazz-rock fusion, which combined improvisation with rock rhythms and amplified instruments. By the 1980s, smooth jazz emerged, creating a commercial form of the genre that drew criticism from many purists, who felt that the musicians were more concerned with making money than creating art with substance.
Although Florida might not be as closely associated with jazz as cities like New Orleans, Chicago, and New York City, it has made significant contributions nonetheless. Afro-Cuban jazz developed simultaneously in New York City and Havana in the early 1940s, and Florida’s Cuban immigrants had a profound cultural impact on areas like Miami and Tampa. Since its foundation in 1979, the annual Jacksonville Jazz Festival has become one of the most popular jazz festivals in the country, featuring some of the top names in the genre, such as Dizzy Gillespie, Miles Davis, Count Basie, George Benson, and Herbie Hancock. The Clearwater Jazz Holiday began around the same time and has also evolved into a major international jazz festival. In addition to the legendary Sam Rivers, who moved to Orlando in the early 1990s and continued to perform until his death in 2011, Florida has been the home to a number of prominent jazz musicians, including Cedric Wallace, Ira Sullivan, George Tucker, Nathen Page, Alfred “Pee Wee” Ellis, Jackie Davis, Rich Matteson, Jeff Rupert, and the University of Central Florida’s Jazz Professors.
Contributor
<a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">WUCF-FM</a>
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/140" target="_blank">Central Florida Music History Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida.
Type
Collection
Coverage
Arturo Sandoval Jazz Club, Deauville Beach Resort, Miami Beach, Florida
DeLand, Florida
Young Musicians Camp, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
WUCF-TV, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Cravero, Geoffrey
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
External Reference
Alkyer, Frank. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/319491298" target="_blank"><em> DownBeat--the Great Jazz Interviews: A 75th Anniversary Anthology</em></a>. New York: Hal Leonard, 2009.
Gioia, Ted. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/36245922" target="_blank"><em>The History of Jazz</em></a>. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.
Ward, Geoffrey C., and Ken Burns. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42404676" target="_blank"><em>Jazz: A History of America's Music</em></a>. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2000.
Sound/Podcast
A resource whose content is primarily intended to be rendered as audio.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
"Softly, As in a Morning Sunrise" by Ira Sullivan
Alternative Title
"Softly, As in a Morning Sunrise" by Ira Sullivan
Subject
Orlando (Fla.)
Music--United States
Jazz--United States
Description
An audio recording of "Softly, As in a Morning Sunrise," composed by Sigmund Romberg (1887-1951), with lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II (1895-1960), and performed by Ira Sullivan (b. 1931) live on-air on WUCF-FM on December 8, 2006. A multi-instrumentalist, Sullivan was a crucial part of the Chicago jazz scene of the 1950s, performing with numerous artists, including a stint with Art Blakey (1919-1990) and the Jazz Messengers in 1956. He left the spotlight and moved to Florida to raise his family in the early 1960s, eventually starting a quintet with Red Rodney (1927-1994). Sullivan taught summers at the University of Miami's Young Musician's Camp, in which professional musicians and faculty from the UM School of Music instructed students between 7 and 18 years old in classical music, jazz, rock, songwriting, composition, and musical theater. "Softly, As in a Morning Sunrise" is a jazz standard written by Romberg and Hammerstein for the 1928 operetta, <em>The New Moon</em>. Originally composed as a tango, the first noteworthy jazz version is the 1938 recording by Artie Shaw (1910-2004).
Type
Sound
Source
Original 8-minute and 1-second audio recording: Romberg, Sigmund, and Oscar Hammerstein II. "Softly, As in a Morning Sunrise," by Ira Sullivan: <a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">WUCF-FM</a>, Orlando, Florida, December 8, 2006.
Requires
Multimedia software, such as <a href="http://www.apple.com/quicktime/download/" target="_blank"> QuickTime</a>.
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/141" target="_blank">Jazz Collection</a>, Central Florida Music History Collection, RICHES of Central Florida
Coverage
WUCF-FM, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
Young Musicians Camp, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
Chicago, Illinois
Creator
Romberg, Sigmund
Hammerstein, Oscar
Publisher
<a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">WUCF-FM</a>
Contributor
Sullivan, Ira
Date Created
2006-12-08
Date Issued
2006-12-08
Date Copyrighted
2006-12-08
Format
audio/mp3
Extent
7.35 MB
Medium
8-minute and 1-second audio recording
Mediator
History Teacher
Humanities Teacher
Music Teacher
Provenance
Originally created by Sigmund Romberg and Oscar Hammerstein II, performed by Ira Sullivan, and published by <a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">WUCF-FM</a>.
Rights Holder
Copyright to this resource is held by Sigmund Romberg and Oscar Hammerstein II and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only.
Accrual Method
Donation
Curator
Cravero, Geoffrey
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">WUCF-FM</a>
External Reference
Meredith, Bill. "<a href="http://jazztimes.com/articles/19200-ira-sullivan-family-first" target="_blank">Ira Sullivan: Family First</a>." <em>Jazz Times</em>, December 2007. http://jazztimes.com/articles/19200-ira-sullivan-family-first (Accessed March 23, 2015).
alto hornists
alto saxophones
alto saxophonists
alton horns
bebop
bop
CAH
Chicago, Illinois
College of Arts and Humanities
flautists
flugelhornists
flugelhorns
flutes
Ira Sullivan
jazz
jazz ensembles
jazz standard
music
musicians
National Public Radio
NPR
orlando
Oscar Greeley Clendenning Hammerstein II
Oscar Hammerstein
PBS
peck horns
Public Broadcasting Service
Sigmund A. Romberg
Sigmund Romberg
Softly, As in a Morning Sunrise
soprano saxophones
soprano saxophonists
tenor horns
tenor saxophones
tenor saxophonists
The New Moon
UCF
UM
University of Central Florida
University of Miami
WUCF-FM
Young Musicians Camp
-
https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/80f3e607d88a320d64598c3e159524e3.pdf
b4e544691632fb7971ca4d0e461cc58a
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Lone Sailor Navy Memorial History Project Collection
Alternative Title
Lone Sailor Collection
Subject
Veterans--Florida
Orlando (Fla.)
United States. Navy
Navy
Sailors--United States
Description
Collection of digital images and oral histories related to the former Recruit Training Center Orlando (RTC Orlando) for the United States Navy. The training center transformed raw recruits into highly effective sailors. This process took place over an intensive eight-week training period, commonly referred to as "boot camp." RTC Orlando occupied roughly one half of the former Naval Training Center Orlando (NTC Orlando), which was located at present day Baldwin Park, Orlando, Florida. Between 1968 and 1994, over 650,000 men and women graduated from RTC Orlando.
Contributor
<a href="http://www.lonesailorfl.com/" target="_blank">Lone Sailor Navy Memorial History Project</a>
<a href="http://digitalcollections.net.ucf.edu/cdm/landingpage/collection/VET" target="_blank">UCF Community Veterans History Project</a>
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/24" target="_blank">UCF Community Veterans History Project Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida.
Language
eng
Type
Collection
Coverage
Naval Training Center, Orlando, Florida
Contributing Project
<a href="http://www.lonesailorfl.com/" target="_blank">Lone Sailor Navy Memorial History Project</a>
<a href="http://digitalcollections.net.ucf.edu/cdm/landingpage/collection/VET" target="_blank">UCF Community Veterans History Project</a>
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
External Reference
"<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/veterans/" target="_blank">About the Project</a>." UCF Community Veterans History Project, RICHES of Central Florida, University of Central Florida. http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/veterans/.
"<a href="http://cfnavyleague.org/lone-sailor/" target="_blank">The History</a>." Lone Sailor Navy Memorial History Project. http://cfnavyleague.org/lone-sailor/
"<a href="http://rtcorlando.homestead.com/" target="_blank">The History</a>." RTC Orlando. http://rtcorlando.homestead.com/.
<a href="http://www.lonesailorfl.com/" target="_blank"><em>A Guide to Historic Orlando</em></a>. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2006.
Oral History
A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge.
Interviewer
Weeks, Andrew Glen
Interviewee
McClendon, Doris
Location
<a href="http://www.ucf.edu" target="_blank">University of Central Florida</a>, Orlando, Florida
Original Format
1 DVD/MP4 audio/video recording
Duration
56 minutes and 48 seconds
Bit Rate/Frequency
1200kbps
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Oral History of Doris McClendon
Alternative Title
Oral History, McClendon
Subject
Orlando (Fla.)
Legalmen (United States Navy)
Miami (Fla.)
Homestead (Fla.)
Jacksonville (Fla.)
Navy
Veterans--Florida
Description
An oral history of Doris McClendon, a former member of the U.S. Navy. This interview was conducted by Andrew Glen Weeks at the University of Central Florida (UCF) in Orlando, Florida, on April 11, 2014. The interview was conducted as part of the UCF Community Veteran's History Project (CVHP) and background research for a memorial honoring the for Naval Training Center Orlando (NTC Orlando).<br /><br />McClendon attended recruit training at the NTC Orlando in 1976. At that time, the training center was the only naval facility to train both male and female recruits. In this oral history, McClendon describes her experience as a female recruit at NTC Orlando. She also talks about her role as a legalmen in the Navy. McClendon left the Navy in 1995 with the rank of E-7.
Table Of Contents
0:00:26 Biographical information<br />0:02:00 Decision to join the navy<br />0:07:59 First impressions of basic training<br />0:14:10 Family life in the Navy<br />0:18:24 Recruit training at NTC Orlando<br />0:26:03 Having children in the Navy<br />0:27:40 Memories of boot camp<br />0:30:10 Assignments following graduation<br />0:36:27 Fondest memories of the Navy<br />0:48:35 Legacy of NTC Orlando
Abstract
Oral history interview of Doris McClendon. Interview conducted by Andrew Glen Weeks at the <a href="http://www.ucf.edu" target="_blank">University of Central Florida</a> in Orlando, Florida.
Type
Moving Image
Source
<a href="http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/VET/id/280/rec/1" target="_blank">McClendon, Doris</a>. Interviewed by Andrew Glen Weeks. UCF Community Veterans History Project. April 11, 2014. Audio/video record available. UCF Community Veterans History Project, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries, Orlando, Florida.
Requires
<a href="http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer/" target="_blank">Adobe Flash Player</a>
<a href="http://java.com/en/download/index.jsp" target="_blank"> Java</a>
<a href="https://get.adobe.com/reader/" target="_blank">Adobe Acrobat Reader</a>
Is Part Of
<a href="http://digitalcollections.net.ucf.edu/cdm/landingpage/collection/VET" target="_blank">UCF Community Veterans History Project</a>, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries, Orlando, Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/109" target="_blank">Lone Sailor Navy Memorial History Project Collection</a>, UCF Community Veterans History Project Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
Conforms To
Standards established by the <a href="http://www.loc.gov/vets/" target="_blank">Community Veterans History Project (CVHP)</a>, Library of Congress, http://www.loc.gov/vets/.
Coverage
Pine Villa Elementary School, Miami, Florida
Mays Junior High School, Goulds, Florida
South Dade Senior High School, Homestead, Florida
Naval Training Center Orlando, Orlando, Florida
Walt Disney World, Orlando, Florida
Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
USS Arizona Memorial, Honolulu, Hawaii
Jacksonville, Florida
Newport, Rhode Island
Norfolk, Virginia
Blue Lagoon,
Iceland
Naval Air Station Keflavik, Keflavik, Iceland
Germany
Creator
Weeks, Andrew Glen
McClendon, Doris "Dee"
Publisher
<a href="http://library.ucf.edu/UniversityArchives/" target="_blank">Special Collections and University Archives</a>, University of Central Florida Libraries
Contributor
<a href="http://digitalcollections.net.ucf.edu/cdm/landingpage/collection/VET" target="_blank">UCF Community Veterans History Project</a>
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>
Date Created
2014-04-11
Date Copyrighted
2014-04-11
Format
video/mp4
application/pdf
Extent
528 MB
183 KB
Medium
56-minute and 48-second DVD/MP4 audio/video recording
21-page typed transcript
Language
eng
Mediator
History Teacher
Civics/Government Teacher
Geography Teacher
Provenance
<p>Originally created by Andrew Glen Weeks and Doris McClendon, and published by the University of Central Florida Libraries <a href="http://library.ucf.edu/UniversityArchives/" target="_blank">Special Collections and University Archives</a>.</p>
Rights Holder
All rights are held by the respective holding institution. This material is posted publicly for non-profit educational uses, excluding printed publication. For permission to reproduce and/or for copyright information contact <a href="http://library.ucf.edu/about/departments/special-collections-university-archives/" target="_blank">Special Collections and University Archives</a>, University of Central Florida Libraries, (407) 823-2576. http://library.ucf.edu/about/departments/special-collections-university-archives/.
Accrual Method
Donation
Contributing Project
<a href="http://digitalcollections.net.ucf.edu/cdm/landingpage/collection/VET" target="_blank">UCF Community Veterans History Project</a>
Curator
Barnes, Mark
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalCollections/" target="_blank">UCF Digital Collections</a>
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://library.ucf.edu/about/departments/special-collections-university-archives/" target="_blank">University of Central Florida, Special Collections and University Archives</a>
External Reference
"<a href="http://www.lonesailorfl.com/" target="_blank">The History</a>." Navy Memorial of Central Florida. http://www.lonesailorfl.com/.
"<a href="http://rtcorlando.homestead.com/" target="_blank">The History</a>." RTC Orlando. http://rtcorlando.homestead.com/.
Ebbert, Jean, Marie-Beth Hall, and Edward L. Beach. <em><a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/41090799" target="_blank">Crossed Currents: Navy Women in a Century of Change</a></em>. Washington, D.C.: Brassey's, 1999.
Godson, Susan H. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/46791080" target="_blank"><em>Serving Proudly: A History of Women in the U.S. Navy</em></a>. Annapolis, Md: Naval Institute Press, 2001.
Rajtar, Steve. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70911136" target="_blank"><em>A Guide to Historic Orlando</em></a>. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2006.
Click to View (Movie, Podcast, or Website)
<a href="http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/VET/id/280/rec/1" target="_blank">Oral History of Doris McClendon</a>
Has Format
Digital transcript of original 56-minute and 48-second oral history: <a href="http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/VET/id/280/rec/1" target="_blank">McClendon, Doris</a>. Interviewed by Andrew Glen Weeks. UCF Community Veterans History Project. April 11, 2014. Audio/video record available. UCF Community Veterans History Project, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries, Orlando, Florida.
Transcript
<p><strong>Weeks<br /></strong>Alright. Today is April 11th, 2014. I am interviewing Doris [“Dee”] McClendon who served in the U. S. Navy. We are interviewing Mrs. McClendon as part of the UCF [University of Central Florida] Community Veterans’ History Project and as research for the creation of the Lone Sailor Memorial Project. We are recording this interview at UCF. Will you please start off by telling us where you were born?</p>
<p><strong>McClendon<br /></strong>I was born in Miami, Florida, Andrew.</p>
<p><strong>Weeks<br /></strong>And what year was that?</p>
<p><strong>McClendon<br /></strong>I was born in 1958.</p>
<p><strong>Weeks<br /></strong>What did your parents do for a living?</p>
<p><strong>McClendon<br /></strong>My dad was a laborer and my mom didn’t work so she was kind of like a stay at home mom. She did kind of odd and in things. Clean houses or you know [inaudible]. It was kind of like a—I guess you would say like a cleaning lady type of thing—but yeah. As far as a full-time job, no, she didn’t work. She stayed at home.</p>
<p><strong>Weeks<br /></strong>Do you have any siblings?</p>
<p><strong>McClendon<br /></strong>Yes. three brothers and three sisters. I am the second oldest of seven children. There are six of us now. I have a sister that passed away in 2009.</p>
<p><strong>Weeks<br /></strong>And where did you go to school?</p>
<p><strong>McClendon<br /></strong>I went to school. Elementary school—Pine Villa Elementary School. I went to Mays Junior High School and South Dade Senior High School. All in Miami, Florida.</p>
<p><strong>Weeks<br /></strong>Did you do anything in between school and joining the Navy?</p>
<p><strong>McClendon<br /></strong>Just a summer job I worked. Obviously I was a full-time student and then for the summer, I would do odds and in things. Summer jobs, [inaudible] type of things, but my first real job was of course the military.</p>
<p><strong>Weeks<br /></strong>And when was that?</p>
<p><strong>McClendon<br /></strong>In [19]76.</p>
<p><strong>Weeks<br /></strong>‘76. Why did you choose the Navy specifically?</p>
<p><strong>McClendon<br /></strong>I chose the Navy, because—and I’ll tell you the story of how I actually joined the military and I’ll never forget it. We were—I was at a high school pep rally. We actually had a Navy recruiter come to the pep rally and of course a recruiter’s job is to recruit. So he came and we were all sitting there and kind of just talking—all the kids and stuff—and he actually just walked across the stage to the podium and there was something about him that really struck me. I liked the way he presented himself. I loved the uniform. The ribbons stood out and he was selling and I bought it. I was really impressed. Of course, obviously—and I guess by the same token, it could have been the [United States] Army. But there was something about him and at that point I made the decision then to join the military. Of course, my parents supported that and that’s really how I got there.</p>
<p><strong>Weeks<br /></strong>Do you have any other family members in the service?</p>
<p><strong>McClendon<br /></strong>Yes. My brother, Michael. United States Army. My son actually is [in the] United States Army and my daughter is [in the] United States Air Force, and of course my husband United States Navy.</p>
<p><strong>Weeks<br /></strong>All around. So, I take it your family was pretty supportive.</p>
<p><strong>McClendon<br /></strong>Absolutely. Absolutely, they were. And actually, my plan was, after I graduated high school—South Dade Senior High—my plan was to go to the University of Miami. That’s where I was actually slated to go, but that recruiter really changed my mind. I remember after his spiel, I went up to talk to him and said, “You know what? If I didn’t have plans to go to college, I would join the Navy.” And he says[sic], “Well, you have the best of both worlds. You can still do the military and still get your college degree.” And I said, “Wow. The best of both worlds.” And he said, “How would you like to go to college in Hawaii or wherever the military may send you?”</p>
<p>And I tell you what, it really came full circle. My very first assignment after basic training was Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. I know. Everything just fell in place. It was meant to be. Best decision. Best decision I ever made. I ever made. So—and of course, I was still able to go to school. I worked. And of course, when military didn’t call, when I didn’t have duties or assignments there, I would go to school at night. I did have the best of both worlds.</p>
<p><strong>Weeks<br /></strong>Where did you attend basic training?</p>
<p><strong>McClendon<br /></strong>Basic training was right here at Recruit Training Command in Orlando, Florida.</p>
<p><strong>Weeks<br /></strong>And what were you trained to do for your career in the Navy?</p>
<p><strong>McClendon<br /></strong>I made it known in the beginning, because I was always was fascinated with law. I grew up watching Perry Mason. So I grew up in shows about law and order and jag. All this stuff really fascinated me. So my plan was to go to college, get a college degree, and go to law school. So that was my plan. But since my plan was changed, I went into the military. Of course, I went in without a college degree so I started as an E[nlisted Rank]-1, but I made it known—my very first assignment—I made it known that that’s what I wanted to do after basic training and then what I did was—when I enlisted—I enlisted with guaranteed school. So I just made it known early on that that’s what I wanted.</p>
<p>It was actually after basic training—of course I went to administrative school, because you have to start there—but from there, I went to my very first assignment. Made it known that I wanted to be a paralegal or the military—they’re called legalmen. I was sent to school there. After school, that’s the career I followed and to this day, I am still doing the same thing, although retired from the military. I’m at the courthouse and I’m doing the exact same thing. Working on the second retirement so to speak.</p>
<p><strong>Weeks<br /></strong>Did you have any experiences here in Orlando before you came for training?</p>
<p><strong>McClendon<br /></strong>No. Did I have any experiences in Orlando before I came? No. But you know what? Growing up in my household, obviously chores was[sic] not unique to me. Getting up in the morning and making my bed— that was a requirement in my household. Washing dishes, mopping the floor, all of that, none of that.</p>
<p>And of course, coming from Florida, the weather didn’t bother me, because—I know to some of the recruits, especially coming from cold climates, to come to Florida in the heat, none of that bothered me. I didn’t have any problems with recruit training. Didn’t have any problems taking orders or any of that. And that was instilled just as a child.</p>
<p>My parents, you know—they were parents. We were just taught early on to do what you’re told. Be respectful. You don’t work, you don’t eat. Obviously those types of things. Again, chores were not foreign to me. So in the military, first thing you did when you get up, you get that bunk made up and those corners better be tight. Obviously, they had to teach me how to make the corners tight. But making up my bed, I was used to doing that. To this day, I get up out of the bed, first thing I do. I made it up. It’s just instilled in me. Wonderful experience, the military was.</p>
<p><strong>Weeks<br /></strong>Tell me about your first impression arriving at training.</p>
<p><strong>McClendon<br /></strong>My first impression of course—it was very scary. It was very scary, because here I am— I’m not under my parents’ roof. I’m under Uncle Sam’s roof. And I get off the bus, and oh my gosh—company commanders. They were just that. Company Commanders.</p>
<p>So it was a scary situation, because I arrived here, it was late, late, late in the evening and I guess just the fear of the unknown. I was scared. I was scared. But at the end of the day when it all washed up, it was all for nothing. It was all for nothing. Then, of course, lonely. Here I am, I left my mom and dad back in Miami, all my sisters and brothers. Now I’m on this bus. I just got on this bus and there’s[sic] 80 women. We’re all scared. You could tell we’re all scared. Some of them crying, some of them not. But it really worked out. It worked out. Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Weeks<br /></strong>What were your primary responsibilities?</p>
<p><strong>McClendon<br /></strong>At basic training?</p>
<p><strong>Weeks<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>McClendon<br /></strong>Do whatever they say do. That was my primary responsibility. And of course, obviously it was very structured. We had PT—physical fitness. We had studies. So we had training time physically and we had training time mentally. So we were taught what the standing orders were. We were taught the chain of command structure. So we were taught all of that and that’s the purpose of it to prepare you for the fleet. To prepare you to walk outside the gate and be prepared to defend your country, but all along, obviously it’s a learning process.</p>
<p>You don’t learn everything in basic training. You don’t learn everything. So because basic training was six and a half to eight weeks. There is no way you’re going to learn about any military in six to eight weeks, but it was all a learning process. It’s just like with your job. You’re not going to start a job, and in six weeks, know everything there is to know. I guess some people may do that, but I didn’t pick up that quick. But it was a learning process but you’re equipped with the basics for sure.</p>
<p><strong>Weeks<br /></strong>What was your impression of other recruits?</p>
<p><strong>McClendon<br /></strong>You know what, Andrew? At first, I would look at them and my heart would go out to a lot of them, but we were all in the same boat. We were all scared. We all didn’t know what was going to happen. Of course, my recruiter prepared me. My recruiter didn’t tell me that, “Okay, Dee. When you get off the bus, there will be a red carpet there and they’re going to walk you down the carpet. They’re gonna lead you to the…” So my recruiter didn’t tell me that. I was prepared to be broken down individually and be raised up with the team, with the unit.</p>
<p>So when I got off that bus, it was all about Dee, but when I left, I wasn’t that way. It was about that person in that bunk next to me who would probably have to defend my back one day. So it was all about that. So I realized the purpose was to break you down individually so it’s not about self. A lot of soldiers and sailors are depending on you to know your job and they’re depending on you. You know, as far as support goes. So I did take a look at a lot of the recruits and we were all scared but, by the end of that basic training, who would have known? Who would have known? Yeah and a lot of those—we’re best friends today. A lot of those contacts, I still have them in my address book and we’re very good friends to this day. We just kept in contact.</p>
<p><strong>Weeks<br /></strong>Wow. Was there any kind of social life on base then?</p>
<p><strong>McClendon<br /></strong>Yes. There was. Now, in basic training, there was no social life. You didn’t have any time for anything. So, no. No social life in basic training, because it was all about preparation, preparation, preparation. You lived for mail call—to get a letter from home. You lived for that. But no there was no social life whatsoever. That didn’t begin.</p>
<p>Actually for me, there was no social life actually as I got more acclimated and knowing my duties. Of course, every duty station was a different assignment. It was a different location, different people, different bosses, different staff, but eventually, as you get more comfortable—I started to get more comfortable as years progressed, of course. After basic training, my very first duty station as an E-1. I made number one and I’m looking at my boss who has all these stripes on his arm. I’m scared half to death. I’m scared half to death. But all of that was for nothing. Met the best people and the support that you get is just—I can’t even begin to explain it.</p>
<p>But yeah. social life didn’t begin until after I had had some years under my belt, because I spent all my time studying, because my goal was—and I knew in basic training that I was going to retire. I just knew it and my goal was, <em>Dee, while you’re here, we should make this work for you. You wanted to go to school. You’re gonna go to school.</em> And I was able to do everything. All my goals. I was able to do everything that I had on my list. I knew I was gonna retire day one. I was scared to death, but I knew. I woke up that next morning and said, you know what, I’ll be here for 20 years. I will.</p>
<p><strong>Weeks<br /></strong>Wow.</p>
<p><strong>McClendon<br /></strong>Mmhmm. I was just that comfortable with that. I’ve never regretted the decision. I’ve never woken up and said, <em>Oh my gosh. Why did I do this?</em></p>
<p>And there have been times where, you know, I’ve had to leave my kids and when what I was saying—I was just so fortunate that—I mean, I eventually married the love of my life who’s also in the military. And back then, we were just fortunate enough that we were never ever away at the same time. So it was always one of us home. Either he was TAD—temporary additional duty—or I was. It just worked out that we were never gone at the same time. I know it’s not like that anymore, but it was when I was there. We were just blessed and fortunate that there was always one of us there, because eventually—my kids who are now in the military.</p>
<p><strong>Weeks<br /></strong>When did you meet your husband?</p>
<p><strong>McClendon<br /></strong>I met my husband in ‘78. And I met my husband at the very first duty station, Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. I was in Hawaii. Met him in Hawaii and it’s what? Thirty something years later?</p>
<p><strong>Weeks<br /></strong>Did you know?</p>
<p><strong>McClendon<br /></strong>No. No. [<em>laughs</em>] No. No. No, I didn’t know that. I was saying—no. I didn’t know that. But anyway—but yeah I met him and we’ve been together ever since. That I didn’t know. But, yeah everything was further down. I’ve been truly blessed.</p>
<p><strong>Weeks<br /></strong>Tell me what your instructors were like during basic training.</p>
<p><strong>McClendon<br /></strong>We had, of course—I had female instructors, but we trained together. We trained—I was in an integrated company so males and females—we trained together. Although their job was to be rough and tough, which they fulfilled. And I think they went a little overboard, which they fulfilled, but of course their job wasn’t for me to like them. wasn’t for any of us to like them. Their job was to give us orders and for us to make sure that we carry them around and they are the ones that prepared me. That’s the only contact that you have—your company commander.</p>
<p>So a lot of responsibilities are placed on that person and their job is to prepare you for the fleet. Obviously, when we screwed up—you betcha. But when once a person screwed up, “Oh, it wasn’t Dee.” It wasn’t one person screwin’ up. It was the entire company. If one failed, you all failed. So, no. It’s not one person, it’s the company. So it behooved you to get it right or, if you messed it up the first time, trust me, you won’t make that same mistake again. You won’t make that same mistake again. It was never one person and my company commanders.</p>
<p>And of course, at the time I would say no. I didn’t like them. Didn’t care for them. Of course, obviously, orders were barked at you. That didn’t bother me, because I told you, my household—my parents didn’t, as they say, play the radio. But I realized early on what the big plan was. I realized early on what the goal was. what their job was. I never took any of it personally, because you could—oh my gosh—because again, and I say I think the purpose was to tear you down individually so you’re not thinking about yourself and you’ll get back up as a unit. There were 80 females in my unit. Can you imagine what we all thought of ourselves? On my gosh. Can you imagine that would have been? Mmm mmm. Before it was over, I thought of my shipmates. I put them first even before me. I’ll tell you what. We got there, we would eye each other and kind of size each other up. On day one, you’re talking about some crying. When that was over, when basic training was over and we each parted our ways, some of us met again in another place. Some of them, I’ve never seen since, but I always remembered them</p>
<p><strong>Weeks<br /></strong>What was a basic day like?</p>
<p><strong>McClendon<br /></strong>A basic day was like—obviously we would have—we would get up early in the morning., and when I say early, I’m talkin’ four o’clock. It would be like four o’clock in the morning to get up, because obviously we have to be prepared and be standing at attention in line ready for inspection when our company commanders got there. So you figure that’s a company of 80 girls. So we all got in, got showered, got to change. When they say “military showered” —got to change. When they say “military showers”—two-three minutes. Because there’s[sic] 80 girls that got to get in and get ready. And then get ready, stand in line. If we know the company commander’s gonna be there at eight o’clock , you best be there standing in that line in front of your bunk ready for personal inspection. Ready for your bunk inspection and that was first thing in the morning.</p>
<p>Obviously everyday consisted of PT [physical fitness] on the grinder, which they called “the field. “Every morning consisted of calisthenics PT. After PT, there would be breakfast and it just depends on which week we were in, because—believe it or not—there was week one. There was a schedule. Week one, week two, three, four. Of course, obviously, early on, we would see company commanders on the weekend, but as you got more—as the weeks went by, you would start to see them less and less, because then at that point, we didn’t need them as much as we did in the beginning.</p>
<p>But of course, weekends—normally Saturdays—we would have to ourselves. Later on, not in the beginning—Sundays—it was up to you. There was[sic] church services. You could pick what church service you want to go to. Go to church services. I think everybody went to church. Everybody would be there. We’d would be huggin’ and cryin’ and—“Lord, when is this gonna be over? When is this gonna be over?” And then, what I loved about it is the company that sat in front, that was your last week. So your goal was to make it to the very front of that church, because you know that that’s the company that’s gonna be graduating that weekend. So that was your last week.</p>
<p>And so there was a schedule and company commanders set a schedule—week one through week eight. But it was definitely calisthenics every day. Definitely there were studies every day. Then of course, we did have time for ourselves. Not a lot. Not a lot in the beginning, but like I said, you live to get that letter from home. We had time to write letters and then normally that would be on your downtime. And again, in the beginning, there wasn’t a lot of downtime, because the object is to get that mind trained while it’s fresh. But toward the end, there was a lot of downtime.</p>
<p>As you got closer to graduating, you would have a weekend where you could do whatever you want. I remember going to [Walt] Disney [World] and all of that. I wish I had been to Disney before, because I was born and raised in Florida—in Miami. So I had gone to Universal [Studios Orlando]. I had gone to Disney. And actually, we did that on our senior trip—on our senior trip in high school. By the time you get to week five, you’re—oh, like it’s pretty much downhill now. <em>Oh, I got this. I got this. Yeah.</em> You know how you’re doing academically and obviously you have to pass tests.</p>
<p>And even today, there’s physical fitness tests. You gotta be—I’m not sure what the standards are now. It’s your different age group. Obviously a 19-year-old should be able to run a mile in less time than a 40-year-old so depending on your age, the standards were different, but there is a physical fitness standard in the military. All branches. You gotta be physically fit. I mean, you know, you can’t be tryin’ to get up a hill carrying whatever you need to carry and be all out of breath. That’s not gonna work. So, that’s not gonna work. Even today, you gotta look sharp in that uniform.</p>
<p><strong>Weeks<br /></strong>Was it difficult for you at all?</p>
<p><strong>McClendon<br /></strong>No.</p>
<p><strong>Weeks<br /></strong>No?</p>
<p><strong>McClendon<br /></strong>Not at all. No. I had no problem with the physical fitness portion. Now, I will admit I wasn’t used to getting up at three-four o’clock in the morning going out there doing—on the grinder doing military sit-ups and mountain climbers and all of that. So I wasn’t used to doing that, but you conform. But no, it wasn’t a problem. No. It wasn’t a problem, because I was very—even in high school—I was very athletic and so that didn’t bother me. None of that did.</p>
<p><strong>Weeks<br /></strong>You mention that you lived for the letters—letter day.</p>
<p><strong>McClendon<br /></strong>Oh, letter day. yes.</p>
<p><strong>Weeks<br /></strong>Who would you write letters to and who would you get letters from?</p>
<p><strong>McClendon<br /></strong>I’d get letters of course from my parents, my sisters and brothers. “Oh, I miss you guys. I miss you.” And I’m like, “Well, you weren’t telling me that when I was there.” Then of course, I was the oldest girl. My siblings looked up to me. I had one brother older than I am, but I think there is something special about being the oldest daughter. Of course, when I left—and I say even my baby brother—I just think, <em>Oh my gosh.</em> I think he thought I was his mom for a little while, because he’s a lot younger than I am. But it was like, “Oh my gosh. Our sister is gone.” That was the first time that family was detached.</p>
<p>So I was the first one to leave home. And I’ll tell you what, when that recruiter came to pick me up to take me to the train station, and—from my parents’ house to the end of the walkway to the car was his car—the recruiting car—that was the longest step. Oh my gosh. I thought I would never—and maybe I was just walking real slow[sic]. I don’t know what it was. I said that was the longest driveway. I just looked at the car like I was gonna never get there. And obviously I know it was all mentally now. Just the fear of—was all ready to go, ready to go, ready to go. But when the day actually came—because I looked back, my mom was crying. I said I can’t look back, because if she’s crying, she’s gonna start me. Because obviously, I was going to miss my family. That’s with anything. That’s with anything. Even if I had gone off to college, I would have still had the same feeling, because I’m gonna miss them. I’m gonna miss them. I didn’t tell my siblings that often, but yeah. I was gonna miss them.</p>
<p>But yeah. We lived for letter day. We had time to write letters so I would just catch up, see how things were going, and we would just do it through letters. There were opportunities that we would do phone calls and when I went in—I mean, I was able to call my parents. I don’t know whether it’s like that anymore, but I was able to call just to let them know—do what we call a “well visit” or a “well phone call” or whatever they call it today, just to let your loved ones know that you made it safely and you’re here. And to tell them that, “Okay. now just so you know, don’t be expecting letters every day. Don’t be expecting phone calls, because we’re here now and I just wanted to let you know that we are safe and we made it safely. Now, the fun begins.” So yeah.</p>
<p><strong>McClendon<br /></strong>But anyways—and I am hopeful they still do that, but I don’t know. Well, yeah. Because I know my son called me. My son—my older son grew up and went into the Army. It was a couple days later, but he did call me to let me know that he was there. So I understood all of that, because I lived it. Because I know one of the questions—a friend of mine—“Oh my gosh. Your children are going into the military. How can you stand it? Oh my gosh. You’re gonna let him go?” And I say, “Well, it’s going to be his decision just like it was mine. My parents supported me and I’m going to support him.” I mean I lived it so I know.</p>
<p>When my daughter, who is stationed in San Antonio, Texas—United States Air Force—when she calls, I can relate. You know, my son, who is in the Army stationed in Germany—I can relate. Me and my husband—we can relate, because we’ve lived it. I supported their decision. Didn’t realize they were going in the military though. Being raised in the military though. Being raised in the military, I thought, <em>Oh my gosh. That’s they last thing that they would do.</em> But they went in. Out of three children, two of them went into the military.</p>
<p><strong>Weeks<br /></strong>You mentioned the grinder earlier. Tell me about the grinder.</p>
<p><strong>McClendon<br /></strong>Alright. the grinder is just a field. Imagine—all it is—that’s what they call it in the military. The grinder is just a—it’s similar to—just imagine a basketball court with no goals. All it is just a slate of concrete. It’s all mapped out, because a lot of the time you’re doing different exercises on there but the grinder—you do your calisthenics on there. As you start getting closer to graduation, you do your formations on there. You have to practice different formations. It’s really big. Each company—you could have—oh my gosh—quite a few companies out there practicing formations and the formations they issue, you gotta be able to line up properly. There’s a flag bearer in the front with the flag and you got to be able to position that right, carry that right, you got to be able to line up and there was a whole bunch of different things we used to and that’s all that is. It’s just a big field with no grass. All I guess concrete. In the military, they called it a “grinder”. So what that came from, what that name comes from, I don’t know. I’m sure there’s a reason.</p>
<p><strong>Weeks<br /></strong>So what did it feel like to finally graduate?</p>
<p><strong>McClendon<br /></strong>Mixed feelings. Believe it or not, I cried. I really did. I cried. Because I knew there was going to be some relationships that would probably—some of my friends that I would probably never see again. I was definitely ecstatic. Definitely happy that it was over. Then—<em>Oh my gosh. I did it. Oh, I did it. I did it. I did it.</em> Then, at the same time, I was sad, because, believe it or not, those company commanders who got on my last nerve—I was gonna miss them, because that was it. That was your family. You’d be surprised how closely you could bond. So our company commanders, boy, were we gonna miss them. I think everybody cried. Even our company commanders. Those two harsh, tough company commanders—you just saw a different side of them. You saw a different side of them. So yeah. it was happiness and sadness. When they put the orders in your hand for that next assignment, and you’re like, I’m never gonna see them again. We’re never gonna wake up together again. we’re never gonna sit there. Because, believe it or not, I had 80 sisters. And although that sounds—oh my gosh—80 sisters? How’d I even deal with three? Now I’ve got 80. So it was like leaving 80 of my family members.</p>
<p><strong>Weeks<br /></strong>Tell me about your first assignment.</p>
<p><strong>McClendon<br /></strong>My very first assignment—after basic training, I went to school. And my very first assignment was Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. I think I told you that. That was my very first assignment. I worked in a legal office. I was at Fleet Training Group in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. So what I used to do is—I had to take a little small boat— that’s what they called it—similar to like a little dinky, I guess—little small boat. And every morning, because I worked on an island, a little boat would take me to [inaudible] island. And every morning I would pass the [U.S.S.] <em>Arizona</em> Memorial. We would pass it every morning and I would look down and it seemed like I could see the bubbles. You could still see down there. I took that little boat to work every morning and I was there for three years I think.</p>
<p><strong>Weeks <br /></strong>What did you do?</p>
<p><strong>McClendon<br /></strong>I worked in the administrative field and they put me in a law office, because I made it known in the beginning that that’s what I wanted to do. Remember the female Perry Mason part? Yeah. So I made it known early on that’s what I wanted to do. but being a legalman or a paralegal, you had to be an E-5 in order to be able to convert to that rank. But one of the requirements before you could do this—you had to have an administrative background.</p>
<p>So after basic training I actually went to school in Meridian, Mississippi—Yeoman A School. And from there, I went to my very first assignment, Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. And I made it known then that that’s what I wanted to be. You know what? Every assignment that I had was always in a law office. I mean, you hear stories—you got to do your duties and work in the galley, peel potatoes, and swab the decks—and I guess I was put in a position where I was always needed—the services were always needed. They were always shorthanded so even as an E-1, I was in a legal office. So I never got a chance to enjoy that—the swabbing the deck and peeling the potatoes and the galley and all the other stuff you hear. I never did any of that but it all worked out just the same. Always in a law office, every duty station, every assignment.</p>
<p><strong>Weeks<br /></strong>Where did you go from Hawaii?</p>
<p><strong>McClendon<br /></strong>From Pearl Harbor, Hawaii—I’m trying to think here. I left Hawaii and I went to Jacksonville. I went to AIMD—Aircraft Intermediate Makers Department—in Jacksonville, Florida. There I worked in an administrative office, as well. I worked in the admin office there as well. Of course, it was an aircraft intermediate maintenance department, so I worked in an admin office where there was nothing but hangars with planes. That’s what they did—kind of just fix the planes. My job was, of course, obviously to process paperwork, make sure the records are processed, those types of things.</p>
<p>From Jacksonville, Florida, I went to—because like I said, you had to be in an administrative field, you had to be an E-5. So as soon as I made E-5, I went to legalman school or paralegal school. and, from that point on, my rate changed, because I was an administrative yeoman and my rate changed to legalmen. All along, even as a yeoman, I was always in an office. So I went to Legalmen A School in Newport, Rhode Island. I left there gone to my first assignment as a paralegal.</p>
<p><strong>Weeks<br /></strong>How long were you there?</p>
<p><strong>McClendon<br /></strong>My school in Newport, Rhode Island?</p>
<p><strong>Weeks<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>McClendon<br /></strong>My school was four or five months. Four or five intense months. One thing too, —it’s like any other specialty or any other job, even in the military, you’re constantly training, because the law changes all the time and a lot of your opinion on what you’re doing, even as a civilian—a lot of times you’re required to, even as a civilian, you are—a lot of times you’re required to maintain your certification so you’re required to—as things change, you go to different schools to learn what the new changes are. That’s the same in the military no matter what your job is. Every time there’s a change, there’s[sic] different schools you go to, to learn the new equipment or learn the new structure or what.</p>
<p>So after [inaudible] school in Newport, Rhode Island—then, I left Newport, Rhode Island and I went to my very first assignment as a paralegal. I think that was in Norfolk, Virginia. So from then on—that was all in Norfolk, Virginia. Of course, I worked for the Navy Marine Corps Trial Judiciary. It was myself and another senior chief. We were staffed for at that time eight JAGs [Judge Advocate Generals]—eight judges—military judges. Our job was to do their scheduling. Get their scheduling done, set hearings. Whatever it was that day. And that’s what we did. Hearings, hearings, courts, trials. It was actually trials. At that time, I was there, there were eight jags.</p>
<p><strong>Weeks<br /></strong>Did you enjoy that?</p>
<p><strong>McClendon<br /></strong>Oh, yes. I did. I did. I did. I’ve always been fortunate enough to be around good people. In the military and outside the military, and even now, I work for a good group of people.</p>
<p><strong>Weeks <br /></strong>When you think about your experiences, what would you say, if you could, your fondest memory of your time in the Navy?</p>
<p><strong>McClendon<br /></strong>My fondest memory of my time in the Navy—of course, obviously graduation. Graduation from boot camp is one of them. Actually, you know what? I really can’t pinpoint any one thing. I loved all my assignments. I enjoyed it. I made every assignment work. Obviously, I been[sic]—early on, you go where the needs of the military are. You don’t have a choice of where you go, so you go where they send you and I look at it this way: Had it not been for the military, I probably never would have saw[sic] Hawaii. Absolutely. I probably wouldn’t have saw[sic] it. All the places that I’ve traveled—had it not been for the military, I probably never would have had the opportunity to see that. So I loved all the travels. I enjoyed all the people that I met. My assignments—I loved that. I would think that to come full circle, graduating from basic training and then retiring. All the stuff in between was just gravy, I think. I think that was my—the very first fond memory definitely was graduating basic training. <em>Dee, you made it. You made it.</em></p>
<p><strong>Weeks<br /></strong>I want to ask you about the Naval Training Center [Orlando] a little bit. Were there ever business that would come there—family members, outsiders?</p>
<p><strong>McClendon<br /></strong>At the Naval Training Center?</p>
<p><strong>Weeks<br /></strong>Yes.</p>
<p><strong>McClendon<br /></strong>I’m sure there was. Now, I was here in Orlando at the Naval Training Center, but I worked at recruit training command. The base was broken up into two sections. On one side of the base was recruit training command where the recruits trained. Then the other side was the actual training center, which obviously, you didn’t have recruits on that side. I’m sure there was[sic] over where I was and I was on the recruit training side. The only time visitors were there was when you were close to graduating and you could have your family members—you know, you’re getting ready to pass—review for your graduation. You could have visitors. I remember when I was in, I never saw any visitors. Half the time I was scared to death anyway. On the recruit training side, no. There was[sic] no family member visitors if that’s what you’re saying, but once you’re graduated—and that’s the thing—two totally separate things: basic training is one thing.</p>
<p>But once you graduate, to me, it was a regular job. Obviously there were restrictions and there were extra things. In other words, I was required to stay on duty. I was required—if they needed me to go on assignment, I was there. Other than that, when I wasn’t working, that was my free time. So it’s that the military had hostage over me. It wasn’t anything like that. It was a regular assignment. Whatever my work schedule was, I would do my work schedule. When I’m off work, I’m off work. Obviously though, you’re in the military 24 hours a day. And you should carry yourself that way, because when you’re out there, people don’t say, “Oh, look at Dee.” They say, “Oh my gosh. She’s in the Navy? She’s out there doing that.” So, they don’t see that. They don’t see you. They see the military. “That’s how they act in the military?” So you’re always in the military, 24 hours a day while you’re in it and you’re representing your country the entire time that you’re in, but your free time is your free time. It was just like a regular job to me.</p>
<p><strong>Weeks<br /></strong>So did you travel off base a lot?</p>
<p><strong>McClendon<br /></strong>Yes I did. I traveled off base a lot. For my first years, I lived on base. The weekends was[sic] mine. Pearl Harbor, Hawaii—that was my very first assignment. When I wasn’t working, I was out at the beach at [inaudible] and all those other ones. And I would see things, go to the beach. Oh, yeah. I used that opportunity to see things, because I probably would have never saw it but you know what, you never know. But I couldn’t imagine I’d be going to Hawaii had it not been for the military. Only because that probably been the furthest thing—that wouldn’t have been on my bucket list. Let me put it that way. Probably wouldn’t have been on my bucket list, so I probably wouldn’t have made it there. But yes. My free time—I would do traveling.</p>
<p>Then, we were in Iceland and my free time—of course, we had a few Icelandic friends who would take us to see Blue Lagoon and here it is. it’s freezing. Snow is on the ground, but you’re in the water and it’s just this warm and the vapors are coming up. Different things—I wouldn’t have had any thoughts of going to Iceland. See, I would never think of going to Iceland, but I was there two—for another year. My husband and I—our child. We had a son born there.</p>
<p><strong>Weeks<br /></strong>In Iceland?</p>
<p><strong>McClendon<br /></strong>In Iceland. yeah. I had a son born in Iceland who has dual citizenship, but I never would have saw Iceland had it not been for the military. Never would have saw Germany had it not been for the military. I mean it wasn’t on my list. <em>Okay, Dee, you must go to Iceland. You must go to Germany.</em> That would have never been on my list. I don’t think.</p>
<p><strong>Weeks<br /></strong>What was your favorite place that you traveled?</p>
<p><strong>McClendon<br /></strong>I loved Germany. I loved Germany. I think at the time I traveled there, I had a brother stationed there. so I was able to see some things. He took us on tours. We were able to see the castles and all the old artifacts. So I loved Germany. Germany and Iceland was[sic] my favorite. Germany and Iceland was[sic] my favorite.</p>
<p>Even though I wouldn’t say that when I first got to Iceland. I tell you, it’s so cold there you can barely see your hand in front of your face. I mean they have what they call “white outs.” It is so—I mean, the snow and everything and the wind is blowing. You can’t even see your hand in front of your face. That’s how cold it is. I got off the plane and my sponsor was waiting there for me with a big parka. It looked like an Eskimo parka with a hood and the fur. That thing must have weighed ten pounds. I enjoyed it. I enjoyed Iceland, as well. And I enjoyed Germany. But you know what? I just enjoyed—I made the best of every place that I was at.</p>
<p>We did a tour in Key West[, Florida]. I hated to go there, but somebody had to do it. We did a tour in Key West, but you know what? When the military said, “This is where you’re going.” The first thing I do is—<em>Okay, Dee. What’s unique about this place? That’s what you want to see. You’re gonna be there. Make it work for you. </em>So that’s what I did. Well, just in case I never get back again, I’m gonna make sure I see this, this, this, this, when I can. So that’s what I did. I just viewed it differently. I didn’t view it like, Oh gosh, I don’t want to go there. No. I didn’t view it that way. I said, <em>You know what?</em> I just view it as another opportunity that I probably wouldn’t have otherwise.</p>
<p><strong>Weeks<br /></strong>Did other people have that same kind of mindset?</p>
<p><strong>McClendon<br /></strong>And you know what? I don’t think so. You talk to people and I just believe that you like it or you don’t. It’s probably not appealing to a lot of people. Every two or three years you’re picking up. I mean every two-three years you’re just getting settled. Now you’re picking up and moving to another assignment. Oh my gosh. Now you’re going to some place where perhaps you may not even speak the language. It could be a country—a foreign country in Italy or some place. Or it could be a place they’re sending you where your language is not the dominant language. Now, if you have a family—oh my gosh. I just got my kids settled or now. I’m just in school myself. Now it’s time for me to transfer.</p>
<p>I just believe that you either like it or you don’t. For some people it works. For some people it’s not their cup of tea. Some people say, “You know what? Let me just try it.” At the end of that term, “You know, I don’t think that was for me, but I wanted to just give it a shot.” It just depends. I think that’s the main thing. Even in the civilian sector—I mean, you walk into a job now, either you like it or you don’t. <em>You know what? Let me just stay here until something else better comes along.</em> You either like it or you don’t or you make it work for you. <em>You know what? I like it. My job is to be there. Whatever I’m gonna do is whatever I need to do. If I need more schooling, if I need community service, I’m going to walk in with where I want to be in that company and you just start and you work toward a better</em> [inaudible]. Again, like I said, you talk to some people and they don’t like it. I just think it’s different for everybody.</p>
<p><strong>Weeks<br /></strong>You mentioned that your son was born in Iceland. How did the birth of your son change your time in the military?</p>
<p><strong>McClendon<br /></strong>You know what? It didn’t. When we got there—actually, I was pregnant with the child when we got there. My son was born probably about maybe three-four months after I had gotten there. We enjoyed Iceland. Our original tour was only for two years and we enjoyed it so we asked for a year extension. I enjoyed Iceland, in addition to seeing some of the other countries. You know, I like the Naval Air Station Keflavik, Iceland.</p>
<p>At the time when I was in, you lived aboard what they call the greeting area. Everybody lived on base. You’re not allowed to live off base. Of course, just the closeness and the comradery between the sailors was very good, because we were all there together. For me, we had an added benefit, because my boss at the time working at the Naval Legal Services Detachment at the time. His wife was Icelandic, so we got to go to places that we probably would never have gotten to go, because we just don’t know the country. We just don’t know the country, so I really enjoyed that. We just wanted to stay an additional year and it would have been nice and I probably would have stayed a little longer, but, I mean, career-wise, I think it was just time to move. I didn’t want to stay dormant in one place too long.</p>
<p><strong>Weeks<br /></strong>One thing that we ask everyone who has been to the Naval Training Center is what do you think its lasting legacy in Central Florida is?</p>
<p><strong>McClendon<br /></strong>I think the lasting legacy is—and I’m just going to speak toward when I was there. I think one of legacies is going to be—that’s the only facility where men and women train together. That’s what I remember. The men and the women trained together—one of the first bases to have integrated companies. Nowhere else did they ever do that. They didn’t do it in California. They didn’t do it in Great Lakes. We trained together, which made sense to me. We’re going to fight together, so why can’t we train together? I think that’s one of the lasting legacies.</p>
<p><strong>Weeks<br /></strong>Why do you think other training centers didn’t allow women?</p>
<p><strong>McClendon<br /></strong>You know what? That’s a good question. I don’t know, because the only other centers were out in California and Great Lakes. Maybe harassment? “Oh my gosh. Men and women can’t train together. Oh, what would that do?” I never knew the reasoning behind that. If a war broke out, men are not going to be on this side and women on this side. We’re all going to be together. That’s the legacy that I remember.</p>
<p><strong>Weeks<br /></strong>What do you think visitors would like to see or be reminded of when they visit the site of the base?</p>
<p><strong>McClendon<br /></strong>What they would like to see?</p>
<p><strong>Weeks<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>McClendon<br /></strong>When they revisit the base here? You know what? What I miss is the [USS] <em>Blue Jacket</em>. I miss the <em>Blue Jacket</em>. I really do miss the <em>Blue Jacket</em>. Of course, we got a tour there. I missed the bear. We had some beautiful compounds, but I really do miss the <em>Blue Jacket</em>. Even now, when I go down that street—there’s a park down there—when I go down that street to go to the VA [Veterans Health Administration] hospital for my appointments, I always look over there. I look over there and I’m like, <em>Oh my gosh. I remember that. I remember the tour.</em></p>
<p>Everybody gets the tour that comes at basic training, because obviously—Navy—you go to sea. You’re on the boat and it’s a replica. It’s exactly how it looks. It’s exactly how it looks. So you get to go down those hatches—those itty bitty small hatches that you can barely fit in. You go down those hatches—the bells. Permission to come ashore. permission to come aboard. You do all of that. It’s a true replica. They train you exactly the way it is in the military. The way it is once you leave those gates. They really prepare you for the outside. Now whether you chose to use that or not it’s really up to you but they prepare you. They really do. I can only speak for my two company commanders. They do an excellent job at preparing us for the fleet.</p>
<p><strong>Weeks<br /></strong>Tell me about when you were getting ready to leave the Navy.</p>
<p><strong>McClendon<br /></strong>When I was getting ready to leave the Navy, of course—mixed emotions. Of course, it was the only thing I knew and actually even after I retired, I was looking at different high schools trying to get on as NJROTC [Navy Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps] instructors. It was a really big adjustment for me, because that was the only thing that I knew and it was so totally different in the civilian world.</p>
<p>Number one: now there’s no uniform now. Just to hang the uniform up was a big adjustment for me, because for years, every morning I didn’t have to decide what shoes go with what. I knew it was going to be the black boondockers. Okay. you’re going to put on your whites or your blues. So just to not get up to put the uniform on was a big adjustment. It was really an adjustment period for me.</p>
<p>I tried for years to get back on. Obviously, on retirement, I couldn’t come back in. Even now—I’m too old now—but if they called me and said, “Dee, we need you.” I’d be just—“Let me get my sea bag ready. I’m ready.” They wouldn’t do that now. I’m just too old now to go back in.</p>
<p>But yeah. it was a big adjustment. Retirement was bittersweet. It really was bittersweet. Number one—<em>Oh, Dee. what are you going to do? Put us under—put to the side everything that you’ve known for all these years. Now you’re going to embark on something different.</em> Just the thought of, <em>Oh my gosh. Now I have to go on an interview. How do I interview? What do you wear to an interview? What do you wear to an interview?</em> Just the thought of having to look for a job, that was kind of scary. Once you get through all of that, it all worked out. Walked into a job and it’s been there ever since. It was bittersweet. Bitter, because it kind of left a bitter taste in my mouth, because I was walking away from everything that I knew. And sweet, because now you get a chance to live the rest of your life. You dedicated the first portion to the military. Now you get a chance to build the rest of your life. Whatever that entailed. I knew I’m going to work in somebody’s legal office, because that’s all I knew how to do and that’s what I enjoy. So why change what works for you?</p>
<p><strong>Weeks</strong>If it ain’t broke…</p>
<p><strong>McClendon<br /></strong>Absolutely. [<em>laughs</em>] Absolutely. It was just bittersweet and to this day, do I miss it? Yeah. I still do and I’ve been retired for a while and I still miss it.</p>
<p><strong>Weeks<br /></strong>What’s the most valuable thing the Navy taught you?</p>
<p><strong>McClendon<br /></strong>That I can do whatever I set my mind to do. That I can do whatever I set my mind to do. It’s pretty much—and I will say military—although the military has taught me that, I think that really stems back just from my parents, my childhood. They encouraged all of their kids. You know what? If you can see it, you can do it. You can see it, you can do it. You can dream it, you can do it. That’s what I try to do to my children. Now, if you see that right there, that means you can aim for it. It’s right in your path. go for it. If you can see it, you can do it. I believe that.</p>
<p><strong>Weeks<br /></strong>Is there anything else you would like to add that I didn’t ask you about?</p>
<p><strong>McClendon<br /></strong>No. I think we pretty much covered everything. Such a wonderful interviewer and you did a wonderful job. No, there’s nothing I would like to add.</p>
<p><strong>Weeks <br /></strong>Well, thank you so much.</p>
<p><strong>McClendon<br /></strong>You’re very welcome.</p>
administrative schools
administrative yeoman
administrative yeomans
African Americans
AIMD
Aircraft Intermediate Makers Department
basic training
Blue Lagoon
boot camps
calisthenics
Community Veterans History Project
Company Commanders
CVHP
E-1
E-5
Enlisted Rank 1
Enlisted Rank 5
Fleet Training Group
Germany
Goulds
Grinder
Homestead
Honolulu, Hawaii
Jacksonville
JAG Corps
JROTC
Judge Advocate General's Corps
Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps
Keflavík, Iceland
legal assistants
legalman
legalmen
Legalmen A School
Lone Sailor Memorial Committee
Lone Sailor Memorial Project
mail calls
Mason, Perry
Mays Junior High School
McClendon, Dee
McClendon, Doris
Miami
NAS Keflavík
Naval Air Depot Jacksonville
Naval Air Station Keflavík
Naval Legal Services Detachment
Naval Station Key West
Naval Station Newport
Naval Station Norfolk
Naval Station Pearl Harbor
Naval Training Center Orlando
Navy Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps
Navy Marine Corps Trial Judiciary
Navy Memorial of Central Florida
Newport, Rhode Island
NJROTC
Norfolk, Virginia
NTC Orlando
orlando
paralegals
Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
physical fitness
Pine Villa Elementary School
recruit training
Recruit Training Command
recruiters
Rhode Island
San Antonio, Texas
South Dade Senior High School
TAD
temporary additional duty
U. S. Air Force
U.S. Army
U.S. Navy
UCF
UM
Uncle Sam
University of Central Florida
University of Miami
USS Arizona
USS Arizona Memorial
USS Bluejacket
VA
VA hospital
veterans
Veterans Health Administration
Virginia
Weeks, Andrew Glen
yeoman school
yeoman schools
-
https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/82b3091c307a7176cc17d73dceeacee8.mp3
5d551335a2eff36357a4a019df073516
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
RICHES Podcast Documentaries Collection
Alternative Title
RICHES Podcast Collection
Subject
Podcasts
Documentaries
Description
RICHES Podcast Documentaries are short form narrative documentaries that explore Central Florida history and are locally produced. These podcasts can involve the participation or cooperation of local area partners.
Contributor
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
Cassanello, Robert
Language
eng
Type
Collection
Coverage
Altoona, Florida
Apopka, Florida
Astor, Florida
Barberville, Florida
Brevard County, Florida
Bushnell, Florida
Clermont, Florida
Cocoa, Florida
Cocoa Beach, Florida
College Park, Orlando, Florida
Coral Gables, Florida
Daytona Beach, Florida
DeLand, Florida
Disston City, Florida
Eatonville, Florida
Eau Gallie, Melbourne, Florida
Fort King, Florida
Fort Lauderdale, Florida
Geneva, Florida
Goldenrod, Florida
Groveland, Florida
Hannibal Square, Winter Park, Florida
Holly Hill, Florida
Hontoon Island, DeLand, Florida
Indian River, Florida
Jacksonville, Florida
Key Biscayne, Florida
Key West, Florida
Kissimmee, Florida
Lake Apopka, Florida
Lake Buena Vista, Florida
Lake County, Florida
Lake Mary, Florida
Marion County, Florida
Merritt Island, Florida
Mims, Florida
Mount Dora, Florida
Newnans Lake, Gainesville, Florida
New Smyrna, Florida
New Smyrna Beach, Florida
Ocala, Florida
Ocklawaha River, Florida
Ocoee, Florida
Orlando, Florida
Ormond Beach, Florida
Osceola County, Florida
Oviedo, Florida
Parramore, Orlando, Florida
Reedy Creek, Florida
Sanford, Florida
Silver Springs, Florida
St. Augustine, Florida
St. Cloud, Florida
St. Johns River, Florida
St. Petersburg, Florida
Tampa, Florida
Titusville, Florida
Vero Beach, Florida
Weirsdale, Florida
Winter Garden, Florida
Winter Park, Florida
Ybor City, Tampa, Florida
Contributing Project
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
External Reference
<span>"</span><a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a><span>." RICHES of Central Florida. http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php.</span>
Has Part
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/137" target="_blank">A History of Central Florida Collection</a>, RICHES Podcast Documentaries Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>.
Rights Holder
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES<br /></a>
Sound/Podcast
A resource whose content is primarily intended to be rendered as audio.
Original Format
1 audio podcast
Duration
18 minutes and 50 seconds
Bit Rate/Frequency
192kbps
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 48: The Groveland 4
Alternative Title
The Groveland 4 Podcast
Subject
Podcasts
Documentaries
Groveland Boys Trial, Groveland, Fla., 1949-1952
Groveland (Fla.)
Marshall, Thurgood, 1908-1993
Lake County (Fla.)
Description
Episode 48 of RICHES Podcast Documentaries: The Groveland 4. RICHES Podcast Documentaries are short form narrative documentaries that explore Central Florida history and are locally produced. These podcasts can involve the participation or cooperation of local area partners. <br /><br />Episode 48 features an interview with Gilbert King, author of <em>Devil in the Grove: Thurgood Marshall, the Groveland Boys, and the Dawn of a New America</em>. King's book analyzes the Groveland Four: Ernest Thomas, Charles Greenlee, Samuel Shepherd, and Walter Lee Irvin. Also known as the Groveland Boys, these four African-American men were falsely accused of raping Norma Padgett in Lake County, Florida, in 1949. Thomas was shot and killed by a mob, but the other three suspects were put on trial. Both Shepherd and Irvin were sentenced to death and Greenlee was sentenced to life in prison. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) special counsel Thurgood Marshall had the verdict overturned by the U.S. Supreme Court in November 1951.<br /><br />While transporting Shepherd and Irvin, Lake County Sheriff Willis Virgil McCall claimed that the prisoners attacked him and that he subsequently shot and killed Shepherd and shot Irvin. Irvin claimed that McCall falsified the escape attempt, but McCall was cleared of any wrongdoing. Irvin was again sentenced to death for the rape of Padgett. In 1955, the then newly-elected Governor of Florida LeRoy Collins commuted Irvin's sentence to life in prison. Irvin was paroled in 1968 and died in 1970.
Abstract
In this episode, we sat down with Gilbert King to interview him about his recent book Devil in the Grove: Thurgood Marshall, the Groveland Boys, and the Dawn of a New America. His book about the Groveland 4 is some important local history.
Type
Sound/Podcast
Source
Original 18-minute and 50-second podcast by Robert Cassanello, February 14, 2013: "RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 48: The Groveland 4." <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>, Orlando, Florida.
Is Part Of
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>, Orlando, Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/70" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida.
Coverage
Groveland, Florida
Creator
Cassanello, Robert
Publisher
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>
Contributor
King, Gilbert
Date Created
ca. 2013-02-14
Format
audio/mp3
Extent
25.9 MB
Medium
18-minute and 50-second podcast
Language
eng
Mediator
History Teacher
Civics/Government Teacher
Geography Teacher
Provenance
Originally created by Robert Cassanello and published by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>.
Rights Holder
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>
Accrual Method
Item Creation
Contributing Project
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>
External Reference
"<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2501" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 48: The Groveland 4</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2501.
King, Gilbert. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/7332237407" target="_blank"><em>Devil in the Grove: Thurgood Marshall, the Groveland Boys, and the Dawn of a New America<br /></em></a>. New York: Harper, 2012.
Corsair, Gary. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/53097367" target="_blank"><em>The Groveland Four: The Sad Saga of a Legal Lynching</em></a>. [Bloomington, IN]: 1st Books, 2003.
Click to View (Movie, Podcast, or Website)
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/files/original/82b3091c307a7176cc17d73dceeacee8.mp3" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 48: The Groveland 4</a>
Date Copyrighted
2013-02-14
Date Issued
2013-02-14
Requires
Multimedia software, such as <a href="http://www.apple.com/quicktime/download/" target="_blank"> QuickTime</a>.
African American
Assistant District Attorney
attorney
boycott
capital punishment
citrus
citrus boycott
citrus industry
civil rights
Clermont
Collins, LeRoy
Collins, Thomas LeRoy
Communist
Communist Party
court
court case
crime
criminal case
criminal justice
death penalty
death sentence
Devil in the Grove: Thurgood Marshall, the Groveland Boys, and the Dawn of a New America
documentary
electric chair
execution
false accusation
false conviction
Florida State Attorney
Francis, Willie
fundraising
governor
Governor of Florida
Greenlee, Charles
Groveland
Groveland 4
Groveland Boys
Groveland Boys Trial
Howard, Willie James
Irvin, Walter Lee
judge
justice
kidnapping
King, Gilbert
KKK
Ku Klux Klan
Lake County
Lake County Sheriff
Lake County Sheriff's Office
lawyer
LDF
legal defense fund
legal representation
Library of Congress
life in prison
life sentence
LOC
lynch mob
lynching
Marshall, Thurgood
McCall, Willis Virgil
media
mob
Moore, Harry Tyson
murder
NAACP
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
news
newspaper
Padgett, Norma
Padgett, Willie
podcast
prisoner
prosecution
protest
publicity
race relations
racism
rape
RICHES Podcast Documentaries
Robert Cassanello
Shepherd, Samuel "Sam"
sheriff
Sheriff's Office
State Archives of Florida
Supreme Court
Supreme Court justice
suspect
Suwannee River
Thomas, Ernest
trial
U.S. Supreme Court
UM
University of Miami
-
https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/a17a0d0e2d03050d809e7dfd9bdab925.pdf
a930cf486541d16624c2df1757e226e1
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Thomas Cook Collection
Alternative Title
Cook Collection
Subject
Orlando (Fla.)
Orange County (Fla.)
Longwood (Fla.)
Cape Canaveral (Fla.)
Lake Wales (Fla.)
Silver Springs (Fla.)
Weeki Wachee (Fla.)
Winter Haven (Fla.)
Osceola County (Fla.)
Winter Park (Fla.)
Description
Collection of digital images, postcards, documents, and other records from the private collection of Thomas Cook. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around.
Contributor
Cook, Thomas
Language
eng
Type
Collection
Coverage
Cape Canaveral, Florida
Lake Wales, Florida
Longwood, Florida
Orange County, Florida
Orlando, Florida
Osceola County, Florida
Winter Haven, Florida
Winter Park, Florida
Rights Holder
All items in the <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/102" target="_blank">Thomas Cook Collection</a> are provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only.
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<p><a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a></p>
Source Repository
Private Collection of Thomas Cook
Has Part
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/103" target="_blank">Postcard Collection</a>, Thomas Cook Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
External Reference
<span>Antequino, Stephanie Gaub, and Tana Mosier Porter. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783150094" target="_blank"><em>Lost Orlando</em></a></span><span> Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Pub, 2012.</span>
"<a href="http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf">Downtown Orlando Historic District Walking Tour</a>." City of Orlando. http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf.
<span>Rajtar, Steve. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70911136" target="_blank"><em>A Guide to Historic Orlando</em></a></span><span>. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2006.</span>
<span>Osborne, Ray. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/253374549" target="_blank"><em>Cape Canaveral</em></a></span><span>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Pub, 2008.</span>
<span>Smith, Margaret. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/51888803" target="_blank"><em>The Edward Bok Legacy: A History of Bok Tower Gardens: The First Fifty Years</em></a></span><span>. Lake Wales, Fla: Bok Tower Gardens Foundation, 2002.</span>
<span>Pelland, Maryan, and Dan Pelland. </span><a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/67516850" target="_blank"><em>Weeki Wachee Springs</em></a><span>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 2005.</span>
<span>Flekke, Mary M., Sarah E. MacDonald, and Randall M. MacDonald. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/85451307" target="_blank"><em>Cypress Gardens</em></a></span><span>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 2006.</span>
Document
A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.
Original Format
8-fold brochure
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Florida Circle Tours Brochure
Alternative Title
Florida Circle Tours
Subject
Florida--Tours
Tourism--Florida--Handbooks, manuals, etc.
Tour bus lines
Orlando (Fla.)
St. Petersburg (Fla.)
Miami (Fla.)
Daytona Beach (Fla.)
Havana (Cuba)
Nassau (Bahamas)
Description
Florida Circle Tours brochure produced by United Tours in 1950. The brochure details a nine-day coach tour of Florida starting in Jacksonville and traveling to Silver Springs, Orlando, Winter Haven, Cypress Gardens, Tampa, St. Petersburg, Snell Island, Tampa Bay, Tamiami Trail, the Everglades, Miami, Miami Beach, Coral Gables, Palm Beach, Indian River, Daytona Beach, Marineland, St. Augustine and Ponte Vedra. It also lists optional trips to Havana, Cuba or Nassau, Bahamas by air or steamer. United Tours was located at 329 East Flagler Street in Miami, Florida.
Source
Original brochure, 1950: United Tours, Miami, Florida.: Private Collection of Thomas Cook.
Publisher
United Tours
Date Created
1950
Is Format Of
Digital reproduction of original brochure, 1950: United Tours, Miami, Florida.
Is Part Of
Private Collection of Thomas Cook.
<p><a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/102" target="_blank">Thomas Cook Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida.</p>
Requires
<a href='http://www.adobe.com/reader.html' target='_blank'>Adobe Acrobat Reader</a>
Format
application/pdf
Extent
1.34 MB
Medium
8-fold brochure
Language
eng
Type
Text
Coverage
Miami, Florida
Havana, Cuba
Havana, Cuba
Havana, Cuba
Havana, Cuba
Nassau, New Providence, The Bahamas
Jacksonville, Florida
Silver Springs, Florida
Orlando, Florida
Winter Haven, Florida
Plant City, Florida
Tampa, Florida
St. Petersburg, Florida
Snell Isle, St. Petersburg, Florida
St. Petersburg, Florida
St. Petersburg, Florida
St. Petersburg, Florida
Miami Beach, Florida
Hialeah, Florida
Miami, Florida
Miami, Florida
Coconut Grove, Miami, Florida
Coral Gables, Florida
Coral Gables, Florida
Miami Beach, Florida
Palm Island, Miami Beach, Florida
Star Island, Miami Beach, Florida
Hibiscus Island, Miami Beach, Florida
Biscayne Bay, Miami-Dade County, Florida
San Marino Island, Miami Beach, Florida
Di Lido Island, Miami Beach, Florida
Belle Isle, Miami Beach, Florida
Indian Creek Village, Indian Creek, Florida
Key Biscayne, Florida
Virginia Key, Miami, Florida
West Palm Beach, Florida
Fort Pierce, Florida
Cocoa, Florida
Melbourne, Florida
Indian River, Florida
Daytona Beach, Florida
St. Augustine, Florida
St. Augustine, Florida
Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida
Tampa Bay, Florida
Bradenton, Florida
Sarasota, Florida
Spatial Coverage
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Temporal Coverage
1950-01-01/1950-12-31
Accrual Method
Donation
Mediator
History Teacher
Economics Teacher
Geography Teacher
Provenance
Originally published by United Tours.
Rights Holder
Copyright to this resource is held by United Tours and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only.
Contributing Project
<p><a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/buildingblocks.php" target="_blank">Building Blocks</a></p>
Curator
Cook, Thomas
Digital Collection
<p><a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a></p>
Source Repository
Private Collection of Thomas Cook
External Reference
"Downtown Orlando Historic District Walking Tour." City of Orlando. http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf.
Rajtar, Steve. <em>A Guide to Historic Orlando</em>. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2006,
External Reference Title
"<a href="http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Historic District Walking Tour</a>"
<a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70911136" target="_blank"><em>A Guide to Historic Orlando</em></a>
Transcript
FLORIDA Independent Tour
UNITED TOURS Summer-Fall Season 1950
Florida Circle TOURS
1100 MILES of scenic beauty
by MOTOR COACH
*East Coast * West Coast * Lake Country*
Consult Your Local Travel Agent For Further Information
FEATURE ATTRACTIONS IN THE SUNSHINE STATE
1 NIGHT ORLANDO
SILVER SPRINGS
ORANGE BELT
CATTLE RANCHES
LAKE DISTRICT
2 NIGHTS ST. PETERSBURG
CYPRUS GARDENS
GANDY BRIDGE
TAMPA BAY
MILLION DOLLAR PIER
GULF BEACHES
4 NIGHTS MIAMI BEACH
THE EVERGLADES
WILDLIFE SANCTUARY
TAMIAMI TRAIL
SEMINOLE INDIANS
BEACHFRONT HOTELS
OCEAN BEACHES
1 NIGHT DAYTONA BEACH
OCEAN HIGHWAY
INDIAN RIVER
CITRUS GROVES
MARINELAND
AMERICA'S OLDEST CITY
COMPLETE YOUR FLORIDA VACATION
with a trip
to HAVANA or NASSAU
CHOICE OF ROUTES
VIA AIR
1-DAY CRUISE
ONE DAY IN HAVANA
With Luncheon At A Leading Hotel
Sightseeing Includes:
OLD AND NEW HAVANA
RANCHO BOYEROS ROAD
SUBURBAN HAVANA
CUBAN CAPITOL
SHOPPING
$45.50
PLUS TAX $4.50
2-DAY CRUISE
Two days, one night in Havana
Room With Bath And All Meals
At Hotel Lincoln
Sightseeing Includes:
OLD AND NEW HAVANA
SUBURBAN HAVANA
CUBAN CAPITOL
SHOPPING
RANCHO BOYEROS ROAD
HAVANA BY NIGHT
MORRO CASTLE AND FORTRESS
LA CABANAS
$62.50
PLUS TAX $4.50
VIA STEAMER
2-DAY CRUISE
Two Nights on Steamer--Meals and Berth Included Plus
ONE DAY IN HAVANA
With Luncheon At A Leading Hotel
Sightseeing Includes:
OLD AND NEW HAVANA
SUBURBAN HAVANA
CUBAN CAPITOL
SHOPPING
$55.50
PLUS TAX $6.75
3-DAY CRUISE
Two Nights on Steamer--Meals and Berth Included Plus
TWO DAYS, ONE NIGHT IN HAVANA
Room With Bath And All Meals At Hotel Lincoln
Sightseeing Includes:
OLD AND NEW HAVANA
SUBURBAN HAVANA
CUBAN CAPITOL
SHOPPING
HAVANA BY NIGHT
MORRO CASTLE AND FORTRESS
LA CABANAS
$72.50
PLUS TAX $6.75
Also NASSAU-AIR CRUISES daily departures from MIAMI
2 DAY CRUISE $49.50
3 DAY CRUISE $55.50
Plus $4.50 tax
Choice of Hotels, Sightseeing, Etc.
9-DAY FLORIDA Circle TOUR
SUMMER AND FALL SEASON 1950
INDEPENDENT - GO ANY DAY
$104.50
PLUS TAXES $5.90
JACKSONVILLE
SILVER SPRINGS-ORLANDO
FIRST DAY--Leave Jacksonville at 9:00 A. M. Your motor coach takes you directly to SILVER SPRINGS. Here you will see Nature's "Underwater Fairyland" from a glass bottom boat. On this cruise you will view many fantastic geological formations, brightly colored tropical fish and sub-aquatic plant life. Leaving Silver Springs, you will then proceed to Ocala and a drive through the citrus producing belt along the ridge section to ORLANDO, the "City Beautiful" that has thirty-three lakes within its city limits and old live oaks draped with Spanish moss. Overnight stop at the HOTEL ORANGE COURT. Room with bath. dinner and breakfast are provided.
WINTER HAVEN--CYPRESS GARDENS--TAMPA
SECOND DAY--Leave Orlando at 9:00 A. M. and motor through Florida's scenic lake country to Winter Haven. A short side trip is made to visit famous CYPRESS GARDENS in the center of Florida's beautiful lake country. Ample time is allowed to enjoy the natural beauty of the grounds and view the magnificent gardens. After returning to Winter Haven you now proceed through Plant City, "Strawberry Capital of the World," and Tampa, one Florida's commercial cities, across GANDY BRIDGE to St. Petersburg for your stay at the HOTEL SUWANNEE. Romo with bath, dinners and breakfasts are provided.
TAMPA BAY--TAMIAMI TRAIL--EVERGLADES
FOURTH DAY--After breakfast leave St. Petersburg at 8:30 A. M. via the famous BEE LINE FERRY across Tampa Bay to BRADENTON, thence to SARASOTA, FT. MYERS--through the heart of the EVERGLADES over the TAMIAMI TRAIL Highway. You will be fascinated by the wild, tropical scenery, many varieties of birds, the colorful SEMINOLE INDIANS in their native environment, dressed in gay costumes of intricate geometric designs. Arriving at MIAMI the metropolis, thence by bus to MIAMI BEACH. Transfer to OCEAN-FRONT HOTEL.
MIAMI--MIAMI BEACH--CORAL GABLES
FIFTH DAY--MORNING--A sightseeing tour visiting MIAMI BEACH, LINCOLN ROAD, COLLINS AVENUE, 79TH STREET CAUSEWAY, HIALEAH RACE TRACK, SEMINOLE VILLAGE and ALLIGATOR FARM, TROPICAL HOBBYLAND, Dinner Key, COCONUT GROVE (Miami's oldest section, rich in botanical beauty), SAUSAGE TREE, CORAL GABLES, the home of the UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI, VENETIAN POOL, FRUIT GROVE, LUMMUS PARK, OCEAN DRIVE, PALM, STAR AND HIBISCUS ISLANDS.
SIXTH DAY--Morning free. AFTERNOON--A cruise through the scenic waters of NORTH and SOUTH BISCAYNE BAY and MIAMI BEACH, viewing the many islands, SAN MARINO, DI LIDO, BELLE and the VENETIAN CAUSEWAY, homes of many nationally known celebrities, and hundreds of paltial estates, INDIAN CREEK VILLAGE, North Bay Island, the new RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, BISCAYNE and VIRGINIA KEYS, MIAMI SKYLINE and many other points of interest.
EVENING--A MOONLIGHT CRUISE--Dancing--Entertainment
SEVENTH DAY--At leisure.
PALM BEACH--INDIAN RIVER
DAYTONA BEACH
EIGHTH DAY--Leave Miami Beach at 8:80 A. M. via the East Coast along the Atlantic Ocean through WEST PALM BEACH--FORT PIERCE--COCOA--MELBOURNE and the beautiful INDIAN RIVER orange groves to DAYTONA BEACH. Arriving at 3:45 P.M. you transfer to the famous PRINCESS ISSENA Hotel for and overnight stay. Room with bath, dinner and breakfast are provided.
MARINELAND--ST. AUGUSTINE--PONTE VEDRA
JACKSONVILLE
NINTH DAY--After breakfast, transfer to Bus station for departure at 9:50 A. M. for a drive along the Ocean Highway to MARINELAND, where ample time is allowed to view this amazing display of marine life. Through portholes at the MARINE STUDIOS you can see hundreds of fish living under conditions comparable with that of the open sea. After watching the feeding, you board your motor coach at 12:55 P. M. which takes you to ST. AUGUSTINE where a sightseeing tour of this interesting city is made visiting such points of interest as: THE OSTRICH FARM, THE OLDEST HOUSE, HENRY FLAGLER ESTATE, FORT MARION and the FOUNTAIN OF YOUTH. In the late afternoon you again proceed along the Ocean Highway via PONTE VERDA and BEACHES to Jacksonville arriving there at 5:20 P. M. in time to make any north-bound connection.
Summer and Fall Rates Effective May 1st thru Nov. 30th, 1950--Subject to Change Without Notice
FLORIDA BEACH
DETAILED INFORMATION
TOUR RATE INCLUDES--The rate of $104.50 is per person on the basis of two persons in twin-bed room and includes transportation from Jacksonville back to Jacksonville, room with private bath at hotels. Dinner and breakfast included at all overnight stops outlined (no meals included in Miami or Miami Beach), all transfers, admissions and sightseeing as scheduled.
SINGLE ACCOMMODATIONS-- $10.00 additional is charged for single room in hotels.
STOP-OVERS--Stop-overs senroute may be arranged and those who wish to may extend their stay in Miami Beach for a side trip to HAVANA or NASSAU.
RESERVATIONS--Early reservations are essential and advance reservations can be made through the office where this folder is received.
NOT INCLUDED--Government taxes ($5.90) tips or items of personal nature.
NOTE: Comparable Florida Circle Tours are operated throughout the Winter Season, Dec. 1st through April 30, at slightly increased rates.
OCEANARIUM
SEE YOUR LOCAL TRAVEL AGENT
THE IDEAL VACATION
Follow the trail of the modern explorer and discover with us the endless scenic variety and natural beauty of Florida. To absorb the sunshine on Coral White Beaches; see the natural beauties of Tropical Gardens, Mountain Lake Sanctuaries and the magic revealing of under-water life. From one end of the State to the other your interest can never lag in the ever-changing scene.
MIAMI
First Class Hotels
Meals as Outlined
Transportation by Motor
Admission Charges
Transfers By Taxi
Sightseeing Trips
ORANGE GROVES
Operated by
UNITED TOURS
329 E. Flagler St. Tel. 9-0603
MIAMI, FLORIDA
SEE YOUR LOCAL TRAVEL AGENT
Date Copyrighted
1950
Contributor
Cook, Thomas
79th Street
79th Street Causeway
Bayshore Drive
Bee Line Ferry
Belle
Biscayne Bay
Biscayne Key
Central Avenue
Coconut Grove
Coffee Pot Bayoy
Collins Avenue
Cook, Thomas
Cypress Gardens
Di Lido
Everglades
Flagler Street
Flagler, Henry
Florida Circle Tours
Florida Theatre
Fort Marion
Fountain of Youth
Fruit Grove
Gandy Bridges
Gulf of Mexico
Hialeah Race Track
Hibiscus Island
Hotel Lincoln
Hotel Orange Court
Hotel Suwannee
Indian Creek Village
Indian River
La Cabanas
Lake Country
Lake District
Lincoln Rd.
Lincoln Road
Lummus Park
Marine Studios
Marineland
Miami Beach
Million Dollar Pier
Morro Castle
Morro Castle and Fortress
Morro Fortress
Motor Coach
North Bay Island
Ocean Dr.
Ocean Drive
Ocean Highway
Orange Belt
Palm Island
Ponte Vedra
Princess Issena Hotel
Rancho Boyeros Rd.
Rancho Boyeros Road
Rickenbacker Causeway
Rickenbacker Cswy.
San Marino
Sausage Tree
Seminole Village
Seminoles
Seventy-Ninth St.
Seventy-Ninth Street
Seventy-Ninth Street Causeway
Snell Island
Star Island
Strawberry Capital of the World
Tamiami Trail
Tamiami Trail Highway
Tamiami Trail Hwy.
Tampa Bay
The City Beautiful
Tropical Hobbyland
UM
Underwater Fairyland
United Tours
University of Miami
Venetian Causeway
Venetian Cswy.
Venetian Pool
Virginia Key