1
100
12
-
https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/cdc9ce5582aeebc453c1f9882ed82f03.mp3
ff97de15b86583d006311c20b102090f
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
RICHES Podcast Documentaries Collection
Alternative Title
RICHES Podcast Collection
Subject
Podcasts
Documentaries
Description
RICHES Podcast Documentaries are short form narrative documentaries that explore Central Florida history and are locally produced. These podcasts can involve the participation or cooperation of local area partners.
Contributor
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
Cassanello, Robert
Language
eng
Type
Collection
Coverage
Altoona, Florida
Apopka, Florida
Astor, Florida
Barberville, Florida
Brevard County, Florida
Bushnell, Florida
Clermont, Florida
Cocoa, Florida
Cocoa Beach, Florida
College Park, Orlando, Florida
Coral Gables, Florida
Daytona Beach, Florida
DeLand, Florida
Disston City, Florida
Eatonville, Florida
Eau Gallie, Melbourne, Florida
Fort King, Florida
Fort Lauderdale, Florida
Geneva, Florida
Goldenrod, Florida
Groveland, Florida
Hannibal Square, Winter Park, Florida
Holly Hill, Florida
Hontoon Island, DeLand, Florida
Indian River, Florida
Jacksonville, Florida
Key Biscayne, Florida
Key West, Florida
Kissimmee, Florida
Lake Apopka, Florida
Lake Buena Vista, Florida
Lake County, Florida
Lake Mary, Florida
Marion County, Florida
Merritt Island, Florida
Mims, Florida
Mount Dora, Florida
Newnans Lake, Gainesville, Florida
New Smyrna, Florida
New Smyrna Beach, Florida
Ocala, Florida
Ocklawaha River, Florida
Ocoee, Florida
Orlando, Florida
Ormond Beach, Florida
Osceola County, Florida
Oviedo, Florida
Parramore, Orlando, Florida
Reedy Creek, Florida
Sanford, Florida
Silver Springs, Florida
St. Augustine, Florida
St. Cloud, Florida
St. Johns River, Florida
St. Petersburg, Florida
Tampa, Florida
Titusville, Florida
Vero Beach, Florida
Weirsdale, Florida
Winter Garden, Florida
Winter Park, Florida
Ybor City, Tampa, Florida
Contributing Project
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
External Reference
<span>"</span><a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a><span>." RICHES of Central Florida. http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php.</span>
Has Part
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/137" target="_blank">A History of Central Florida Collection</a>, RICHES Podcast Documentaries Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>.
Rights Holder
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES<br /></a>
Sound/Podcast
A resource whose content is primarily intended to be rendered as audio.
Original Format
1 audio podcast
Duration
12 minutes and 26 seconds
Bit Rate/Frequency
128kbps
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 37: An Interview with Nick Wynne
Alternative Title
Interview with Nick Wynne Podcast
Subject
Podcasts
Documentaries
Florida Historical Society
Public history--United States
Historical societies
Description
Episode 37 of RICHES Podcast Documentaries: An Interview with Nick Wynne. RICHES Podcast Documentaries are short form narrative documentaries that explore Central Florida history and are locally produced. These podcasts can involve the participation or cooperation of local area partners. <br /><br />Episode 37 features an interview with Nick Wynne, director-emeritus of the Florida Historical Society, about how and why the society moved from the University of South Florida in Tampa, Florida, to a former New Deal Federal Post Office building in Cocoa. Wynne discusses the impact that the move has had on the society's operations, as well as for the city of Cocoa itself.
Abstract
In this podcast, Heather Bollinger interviews Nick Wynne, director-emeritus of the Florida Historical Society, about how and why the society moved from the University of South Florida in Tampa, Florida to a former New Deal federal building in Cocoa, Florida. He also discusses the impact that the move has had on the society’s operations, as well as for the city of Cocoa itself.
Type
Sound/Podcast
Source
Original 12-minute and 26-second podcast by Heather Bollinger, August 27, 2012: "RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 37: An Interview with Nick Wynne." <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>, Orlando, Florida.
Is Part Of
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>, Orlando, Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/70" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida.
Coverage
Post Office, Cocoa, Florida
Florida Historical Society, Cocoa, Florida
Creator
Bollinger, Heather
Publisher
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>
Contributor
Wynne, Nick
Date Created
ca. 2012-08-27
Format
audio/mp3
Extent
11.4 MB
Medium
12-minute and 26-second podcast
Language
eng
Mediator
History Teacher
Geography Teacher
Provenance
Originally created by Heather Bollinger and published by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>.
Rights Holder
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>
Accrual Method
Sound/Podcast
Contributing Project
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>
External Reference
"<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2490" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 37: An Interview with Nick Wynne</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2490.
"<a href="http://myfloridahistory.org/society" target="_blank">Brief History</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. http://myfloridahistory.org/society.
Florida Historical Society. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/429208201" target="_blank"><em>Publications of the Florida Historical Society Quarterly</em></a>. [S.l.]: Florida Historical Society, 2000.
Click to View (Movie, Podcast, or Website)
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/files/original/cdc9ce5582aeebc453c1f9882ed82f03.mp3" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 37: An Interview with Nick Wynne</a>
Date Copyrighted
2012-08-27
Date Issued
2012-08-27
American Civil War
Bollinger, Heather
Brevard Arts Alliance
Brevard County
Civil War
Cocoa
Cocoa Main Street
Cocoa Post Office
FHS
Florida Frontiers
Florida Historical Quarterly
Florida Historical Society
Florida Historical Society Press
Florida Public Archaeology Network
Gainesville
Historic Rossetter House Museum and Gardens
historical society
Larson, Peter L.
library
Mosquito Beaters
Nelson Poynter Memorial Library
post office
public history
public radio
radio
Reconstruction
RICHES Podcast Documentaries
St. Augustine
St. Petersburg
Tampa
U.S. Post Office
UCF
University of Central Florida
University of South Florida
University of South Florida-St. Petersburg
USF
Winter Park
Works Progress Administration
WPA
Wynne, Nick
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Daytona State College Collection
Alternative Title
DSC Collection
Subject
New Smyrna Beach (Fla.)
Daytona State College (Fla.)
Contributor
<a href="http://www.daytonastate.edu/CampusDirectory/DeptInfo.aspx?dept=BHS" target="_blank">Daytona State College, New Smyrna Beach-Edgewater Campus, School of Behavioral and Cultural Sciences</a>
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/75" target="_blank">Volusia County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/84" target="_blank">New Smyrna Beach Collection</a>, Volusia County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
Language
eng
Type
Collection
Contributing Project
History Skill Building Project 2013, <a href="http://www.daytonastate.edu/CampusDirectory/DeptInfo.aspx?dept=BHS" target="_blank">School for Behavior and Social Sciences</a>, Daytona State College
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://www.daytonastate.edu/CampusDirectory/DeptInfo.aspx?dept=BHS" target="_blank">Daytona State College, New Smyrna Beach-Edgewater Campus, School of Behavioral and Cultural Sciences</a>
External Reference
"<a href="http://www.daytonastate.edu/catalog/facts/history.html" target="_blank">History of Daytona State College</a>." Daytona State College. http://www.daytonastate.edu/catalog/facts/history.html.
Sweett, Lawrence J. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/77551284" target="_blank"><em>New Smyrna Beach</em></a><em>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Pub, 2006.</em>
"<a href="http://www.cityofnsb.com/index.aspx?nid=198" target="_blank">History</a>." City of New Smyrna Beach, Florida. http://www.cityofnsb.com/index.aspx?nid=198.
Cumiskey, Kate. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/491915106" target="_blank"><em>Surfing in New Smyrna Beach</em></a><em>. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Publishing, 2010.</em>
Coverage
Daytona State College-New Smyrna Beach-Edgewater, New Smyrna Beach, Florida
New Smyrna Beach, Florida
Description
Collection of digital images, documents, and other records contributed by the New Smyrna Beach-Edgewater campus of Daytona State College. Items in the collection focus on the history of New Smyrna Beach, Florida.
In 1758, the first European settlers arrived in present-day New Smyrna Beach and Dr. Andrew Turnbull established the colony of New Smyrna. Most of the colony's settlers were from Greece, Italy, and Minorca, Spain. Turnbull planned for the town to produce hemp, sugarcane, indigo, and rum, but the colony quickly collapsed due to insect-born diseases and raids by nearby Native American tribes. Most of the survivors resettled in St. Augustine.
In 1887, New Smyrna was incorporated. In 1892, Henry Morrison Flagler expanded his Florida East Coast Railway to the area, sparking growth in the city. During the Prohibition of the 1920s, New Smyrna served as a site for moonshine stills and hideouts for rum-runners. In 1947, the city was renamed New Smyrna Beach when it annexed Coronado Beach.
Oral History
A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge.
Interviewer
Hull, Dakota
Interviewee
Wright, Thomas D.
Location
<a href="http://www.daytonastate.edu/maps/southmap.html" target="_blank">Daytona State College-New Smyrna Beach-Edgewater Campus</a>, Edgewater, Florida
Original Format
1 audio/video recording
Duration
28 minutes and 41 seconds
Bit Rate/Frequency
192kbps
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Oral History of Thomas D. Wright
Alternative Title
Oral History, Wright
Subject
New Smyrna Beach (Fla.)
Oral history--United States
Surfing--United States
Surfers--United States--Biography
Surfboards
Description
An oral history with Thomas D. Wright, a surfer and lawyer with Wright, Casey & Stowers, P.L. in New Smyrna Beach, Florida. Wright was born in Florida on April 8, 1951. Other topics discussed in the oral history include growing up in New Smyrna Beach, how others perceive surfers, the evolution of surfing, how surfing affects society, surfboards preference, surfing contests, how New Smyrna Beach was affected by surfing, and plans to establish the East Coast Surfing Museum.
Table Of Contents
0:00:00 Introduction
0:00:35 Growing up in New Smyrna Beach
0:01:20 Surfing influences
0:02:23 Others' perception of surfers
0:04:24 Surfing memories and impact on Wright's life
0:06:40 Evolution of surfing
0:08:49 Traveling to surf
0:10:16 Surfing as an adult
0:10:47 Inspiration for surfing
0:11:41 How surfing affects society
0:13:03 Obstacles and injuries
0:14:48 Emotions that surfing invokes
0:16:43 Career and education
0:17:46 Learning to surf
0:18:55 How surfing influences his life outside of the beach
0:19:29 Surfboard preference
0:20:20 Teaching others to surf
0:20:49 Surfing contests
0:22:47 Other water activities
0:23:36 How New Smyrna Beach was affected by surfing
0:25:16 East Coast Surfing Museum
0:26:47 Surfing magazine
Abstract
Oral history interview of Thomas D. Wright. Interview conducted by Dakota Hull at Daytona State College, New Smyrna Beach-Edgewater Campus in New Smyrna Beach, Florida.
Type
Moving Image
Source
Wright, Thomas D. Interview by Dakota Hull. Daytona State College, New Smyrna Beach-Edgewater Campus. August 1, 2013. Audio/video record available. <a href="http://www.daytonastate.edu/" target="_blank">Daytona State College</a>, New Smyrna Beach, Florida.
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/85" target="_blank">Daytona State College Collection</a>, Volusia County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
Coverage
New Smyrna Beach, Florida
Nags Head, North Carolina
Tampa, Florida
Creator
Hull, Dakota
Wright, Thomas D.
Publisher
<a href="http://www.daytonastate.edu/" target="_blank">Daytona State College </a>
Contributor
Brandon, Anthony
Hendrix, William
Hull, Dallas
Panich, Sarah
Date Created
2013-08-01
Date Modified
2014-02-11
Format
video/mp4
Extent
131 MB
Medium
28-minute and 41-second audio/video recording
Language
eng
Mediator
History Teacher
Geography Teacher
Provenance
Originally created by Dakota Hull and Thomas D. Wright and publisheded by the Daytona State College <a href="http://www.daytonastate.edu/CampusDirectory/DeptInfo.aspx?dept=BHS" target="_blank">School for Behavior and Social Sciences</a>.
Rights Holder
Copyright to the resource is held by <a href="http://www.daytonastate.edu/" target="_blank">Daytona State College</a> and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only.
Accrual Method
Donation
Contributing Project
History Skill Building Project 2013, <a href="http://www.daytonastate.edu/CampusDirectory/DeptInfo.aspx?dept=BHS" target="_blank">School for Behavior and Social Sciences</a>, Daytona State College
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="https://www.daytonastate.edu/maps/nsbmap.html" target="_blank">Daytona State College New Smyrna-Edgewater Campus</a>
External Reference
Sweett, Lawrence J. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/77551284" target="_blank"><em>New Smyrna Beach</em></a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Pub, 2006.
<a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/491915106" target="_blank"><em>Surfing in New Smyrna Beach</em></a>. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Publishing, 2010.
"<a href="http://www.cityofnsb.com/198/History" target="_blank">History</a>." City of New Smyrna Beach, Florida. http://www.cityofnsb.com/198/History.
"<a href="http://smyrnasurfariclub.com/" target="_blank">About the Club</a>." Smyrna Surfari Club. http://smyrnasurfariclub.com/.
Click to View (Movie, Podcast, or Website)
<a href="http://youtu.be/9DKELbphZRU" target="_blank">Oral History of Thomas D. Wright</a>
Baldwin
Brandon, Anthony
CB Surfboards
East Coast Surfing Museum
Grigas, Carol S.
Hendrix, William
History Skill Building Project
Hull, Dakota
Hull, Dallas
longboard
Martin, Mike
New Smyrna Beach
oral history
Panich, Sarah
short board
Smith, Gordon
Surfari Club
surfboard
surfer
surfing
University of South Florida
USF
Wright, Buddy
Wright, Casey & Stowers
Wright, Casey & Stowers, P.L.
Wright, Thomas D.
-
https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/cd78f4769e8e45b85bf170fe15b385fe.mp3
036b6fb8889d3948ab83bbc221626ffd
https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/fb392c0b83df25923e43be9519172c45.pdf
5309e3142adec2c181f0860cfedd036d
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Linda McKnight Batman Oral History Project Collection
Alternative Title
Linda McKnight Batman Collection
Subject
Ocala (Fla.)
Orlando (Fla.)
Oviedo (Fla.)
Port Tampa (Fla.)
Sanford (Fla.)
Silver Springs (Fla.)
Titusville (Fla.)
Zellwood (Fla.)
Description
Collection of oral histories depicting the history of Seminole County, Florida. The project was funded by Linda McKnight Batman, a former teacher, historian, and Vice President of the State of Florida Commission on Ethics.
Language
eng
Type
Collection
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a>
External Reference
<span>Museum of Seminole County History, and University of Central Florida. </span><a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/744676869" target="_blank"><em>Researcher's Guide to Seminole County Oral Histories: Linda McKnight Batman Oral History Project</em></a><span>. [Sanford, Fla.]: Museum of Seminole County History, 2010.</span>
Contributor
<a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a>
Coverage
Seminole County, Florida
Ocala, Florida
Oviedo, Florida
Port Tampa, Florida
Sanford, Florida
Silver Springs, Florida
Titusville, Florida
Zellwood, Florida
Contributing Project
Linda McKnight Batman Oral History Project
Oral History
A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge.
Interviewer
Morris, Joseph
Interviewee
Clonts, Rex, Jr.
Location
Rex Clonts, Jr.'s home in Florida
Bit Rate/Frequency
1411kpbs
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Oral History of Rex Clonts, Jr.
Alternative Title
Oral History, Clonts
Subject
Oviedo (Fla.)
Celery
Agriculture--Florida
Zellwood (Fla.)
Citrus--Florida
Cattle--Florida
Ants--United States
Description
An oral history of Rex Clonts, Jr., conducted by Joseph Morris on November 2, 2011. Clonts was born in Orlando, Florida, but he was raised in Oviedo. In the interview, Clonts discusses his family's work in agriculture, celery farming, how Oviedo has changed over time, the effect of Walt Disney World and the University of Central Florida (UCF) on the region, the citrus and cattle industries, the relationship between the Oviedo community and the Naval Air Station Sanford (NAS Sanford), and fire ants in Florida.
Table Of Contents
0:00:00 Introduction
0:00:40 Family background in agriculture
0:11:32 Celery farming
0:12:06 RECORDING CUTS OFF
0:12:07 Celery farming
0:20:23 Bleaching celery
0:25:34 Childhood memories of mules
0:29:13 Working in the fields
0:31:01 How Oviedo has changed over time
0:33:13 Arrival of Walt Disney World and the University of Central Florida
0:38:11 Evolution of the citrus industry
0:42:27 Central Florida weather
0:43:28 Cattle industry
0:45:19 College education
0:45:46 Plane crash near Oviedo High School
0:48:58 Relationship between the Oviedo community and the Sanford Naval Training Center
0:50:40 Fire ants in Florida
0:55:06 Closing remarks
Abstract
Oral history interview of Rex Clonts, Jr. Interview conducted by Joseph Morris at Clonts' home in Florida.
Type
Sound
Source
Original 55-minute and 16-second oral history: Clonts, Rex, Jr. Interviewed by Joseph Morris. November 2, 2011. Audio record available. <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a>, Sanford, Florida.
Requires
Multimedia software, such as <a href="http://www.apple.com/quicktime/download/" target="_blank"> QuickTime</a>.
<a href="http://www.adobe.com/reader.html" target="_blank">Adobe Acrobat Reader</a>
Is Part Of
<a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a>, Sanford, Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/123" target="_blank">Linda McKnight Batman Oral History Project Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
Coverage
Oviedo, Florida
Zellwood, Florida
Black Hammock, Oviedo, Florida
Mitchell Hammock, Oviedo, Florida
Oviedo High School, Oviedo, Florida
Naval Air Station Sanford, Sanford, Florida
Creator
Morris, Joseph
Clonts, Rex, Jr.
Date Created
2011-11-02
Date Modified
2014-09-09
Date Copyrighted
2011-11-02
Format
audio/wav
application/pdf
Extent
557 MB
151 KB
Medium
55-minute and 16-second audio recording
18-page typed transcript
Language
eng
Mediator
History Teacher
Economics Teacher
Geography Teacher
Provenance
Originally created by Joseph Morris.
Rights Holder
Copyright to this resource is held by the <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only.
Accrual Method
Donation
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a>
External Reference
"<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/audio/Ep41-Oviedo.mp3" target="_blank">Episode 41: Oviedo, with Dr. Richard Adicks</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/audio/Ep41-Oviedo.mp3.
Adicks, Richard, and Donna M. Neely. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5890131" target="_blank"><em>Oviedo, Biography of a Town</em></a>. S.l: s.n.], 1979.
Robison, Jim. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/796757419" target="_blank"><em>Around Oviedo</em></a>. 2012.
"<a href="http://www.cityofoviedo.net/node/68" target="_blank">History</a>." City of Oviedo, Florida. http://www.cityofoviedo.net/node/68.
Transcript
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>It is November 2, 2011, and I'm talking to Rex Clonts[, Jr.] at his residence. I am Joseph Morris, representing the Linda McKnight Batman Oral History Project for the Historical Society of Central Florida. Mr. Clonts, could you tell us a little about your life?</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts<br /></strong>Well, I was born in 1949 in the hospital, in Orange Memorial Hospital in Orlando, to Rex Clonts, Sr., my dad, and my mother, Thelma Lee Clonts. I'm gonna talk a little bit about their life, if that's okay.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>Perfect, sir.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts<br /></strong>My dad came to Oviedo riding in the lap of his mother—he was one year old, age of one—in a Model A Ford, from north Georgia in 1937, I believe. And my mother was born here on Lake Charm in Oviedo. They both passed on rather recently. They—so, basically, both lifelong residents of Oviedo. And after the war [World War II] they married, and I'm the oldest of their five children. Four of us still live right here in Seminole County, and have one sister who lives in Cartersville, Georgia. </p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>What kind of jobs did your parents do while they lived in Oviedo, sir?</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts<br /></strong>Their families were in agriculture. Oh, let me start over. Let me start back just a little bit. My mother's family had—her grandfather had moved down here in the 1880s, and her father—my grandfather—C. S. Lee, was born here on Lake Charm in Oviedo. And his dad was in agriculture, taking care of citrus trees. And so my grandfather was always in the citrus, vegetable, and cattle business. And so my mother was familiar with all those endeavors coming up, and it was natural that she married a farmer—my father. His father also had begun farming shortly after arriving in Oviedo. </p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>Same type of farming, sir?</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts<br /></strong>Both of them were vegetable farmers growing celery.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>Okay, sir.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts<br /></strong>They grew some other crops from time to time, but specialized in celery farming. And so—growing up here—that's what my family did. We had some orange groves, but the majority of the family focus was on the vegetable farming operation. C. R. Clonts Associated Growers was the company that my grandfather started in the early 1940s, and at one time we farmed over 200 acres of celery right here in eastern Seminole County-Oviedo area. You got a mosquito on your cheek. Got him.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>Thank you, sir.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts<br /></strong>Celery farming was extremely profitable, lucrative during the early '30s and '40s. Sort of the heyday of the Oviedo celery industry. So their timing was good. But over—after the war, when all the boys came home from the war, and a lot more celery was being grown in the United States, markets went down. Prices went down. The small farms here in Oviedo weren't as easy to operate—weren't as efficient. And so my father and grandfather purchased land in Zellwood—in the Zellwood muck area on Lake Apopka. And they did that in anticipation of needing to be having a more modern, large, contiguous farm. So they purchased that in the year I was born, in 1949. So when I grew up, we were farming both places. My father was farming both—multiple small farms here around Oviedo—Black Hammock, Mitchell Hammock, the Slavia area—and we were raising vegetables at our Zellwood farm. And that was 650 acres. And as a child, I remember going over, and every year they would clear up another portion of that farm. So they started by farming just 40 acres, and then over about another 10 or 12 years, they cleared the rest of it so that they could farm all 650 acres over there.</p>
<p class="Body">When I went off to college, I specifically—I went to school so that I wouldn't be a farmer. I could have stayed home and been a farmer. So I was planning on working in the business world, and just before I graduated realized the one business I could control was coming back here, taking over the family farm. And so I came back and joined actively working full-time in 1971, when I got out of college. And I moved over to Apopka and ran that Zellwood farm. We grew celery, lettuce, carrots, sweet corn, occasionally onions and parsley—several crops over the years, but the staple was always celery, sweet corn, and carrots. And in about 1978, we closed down our last Oviedo farm. Up until that time, we'd been farming both places, but we closed that down, and the last farm land that we were actively farming is now—is in Mitchell Hammock—is now a sod farm along Mitchell Hammock in between Mitchell Hammock and Chapman Roads. So, no longer used for vegetables. Family still owns the land, but we don't farm vegetables anymore.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>Okay, sir. So your family's no longer in the farming business, but they were in the farming business up until 1978?</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts <br /></strong>Well, we still were in business here in several ways. We always had orange groves here. </p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>Okay, sir.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts<br /></strong>And we have cattle ranches.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>Those were my follow-up questions.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts<br /></strong>Yeah. You know, you'd find most people that had been multi-generational in the vegetable business in Central Florida also have had orange groves and cattle, because the three just naturally go together here. And you can, if you're successful in one, you're able to be successful in the other, usually.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>How come they go together like that, sir?</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts<br /></strong>Well, vegetables are very seasonal, so, you know, you've got a fall crop and a spring crop, but you got time on your hands during the other portions of the year. So orange grove tends to be more year-round work, but is not as intensive as vegetable farming, so you can sort of work the two together. And then if you've been successful in the vegetable business, usually you reinvest in land, and very often the best use for that land is cattle. Only certain types of land are good vegetable land, but cattle you can graze just about anywhere in Central Florida.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>Okay, sir. Could you give us a little insight into how you grow vegetables—celery in particular, citrus in particular—like the methods of how you would go about it?</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts<br /></strong>Celery's, in nature, celery grows, um—stop it.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>Sure thing, sir.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>Okay, sir. Would you like to continue?</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts<br /></strong>Yeah. Celery in Central Florida is—the seed is planted in the fall, and it’s planted in seed beds so that you can grow a large number of plants in a small, controlled area. You can herbicide them. You can control the irrigation. And as those seeds—because celery seeds are a very difficult seed to sprout. It’s not much larger than a large fleck of pepper, and takes a long time to germinate to get any substantial size, and so we would start planting seed in August. But because that seed is so tender, we would oftentimes cover those plants.</p>
<p class="Body">First of all, laid burlap out as soon as you rolled the seed down out on the ground, and let the seed actually germinate under the burlap where it would be cooler and moister. You kept the ground moist with subsurface irrigation, and actually surface irrigation between the beds to keep that environment just right for those little seeds to germinate. And then you would remove the sacks after the green—after the seeds germinated and started to show the first leaves. And we would grow them in the seed bed for about four months, and then we would transplant those plants, pull them up by the root, knock the majority of the dirt off the root, and pack them in boxes, take them to the production field. And we used a New Holland transplanter, which is a fairly simple machine that, as it’s pulled through the field, opens up a furrow, and it has a wheel with a set of fingers on it, and you can put the plants one at a time in the notches in the wheel, and as it goes around and puts the root in that furrow, it releases that plant. And we would have a bank of six of these wheels on the back of a tractor-drawn machine, and go through the field and transplant—we called it “setting”—the celery plants in the field. And from that point, they got immediately irrigated with overhead irrigation so that the ground got packed good[sic] around the roots, and they got a good start. Then it took anywhere from 75 to 90—and if the weather was cold, maybe 100—days to produce that crop. So growing celery’s four months in the seed bed, and three months in the field. It’s a long cycle, especially when you consider that in the off-time you’re having. Someone usually would gather seed from an arid region like Utah or California. Had our seed grown. So between the production of seed and the planting of seed and the growing of the crop, was just about a year-round endeavor. And we did all our harvesting in March, April, May, and June.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>Why did you transplant it from the seed bed to the production area? What was the difference between—is it soil?</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts<br /></strong>No. Well, yes. It did happen to be different soil, but you could take ten acres of seed beds and grow enough plants for 200 acres of field production, and so was much less expensive to take care of that—to do the fungicide, and the weeding, and keeping the insects off of it on ten acres. And then you—when you pull those plants and spread them out where they would get to a large stalk, planted them at the right distance apart, you could have 200 acres of celery out of that. You only had three months to take care of that 200 acres.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>Oh, okay, sir. So it was easier to guard and protect them when they were younger that way?</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts<br /></strong>Yeah, much easier, much less expensive to protect them. The transplanting operation was expensive, but it was not nearly as expensive as it would have been trying to put those plants—to put those seeds directly in the field and take care of them the whole seven months it took to grow that. And you could, also when that—the seed beds—that ten acres that that seed bed was on…</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris <br /></strong>Mosquito’s trying to—he’s gone. He’s just scouting you out, sir.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts<br /></strong>The ten acres that seed beds are on is very—you intensely farm that, and one of the preparations of doing that intense farming—this will keep the mosquitoes out—is that you level that land meticulously. You tried to—you ran a very intricate irrigation system all tile-drained, and you used—your seed bed land was your most prized possession in the celery business. That seed bed—a good seed bed—plot that was the right consistency of soil and the right ability to not only hold moisture, but to get rid of moisture when you had too much rain—to get rid of excessive rainfall—was very important. So celery farmers did a lot of work to try to get their seed bed just perfect and have the right plot of land to do that with.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>So that was pretty common then, between celery farmers?</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts<br /></strong>Yeah. Every celery farmer in the state had their own seed beds. And now seed—most celery seed or a good portion of it—is grown in greenhouses. It’s grown in plant trays—in the trays of plants in greenhouses. So it’s got much more of a controlled environment to grow in now, than when we were growing them outside. But still the best plants are the ones grown outdoors. It’s just a lot tougher, a lot more work.<strong> </strong></p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>Okay, sir. Did you ever bleach the plants—whiten them?</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts<br /></strong>That was a practice that kind of came to an end in the mid-1940s. Until then, yes. They took the boards and put down the sides of celery, at least a portion of it, and they would bleach it. I remember them doing that as a child—I shouldn’t say that. I remember them talking about it, but I don’t actually remember seeing it.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>Okay, sir. But why did they do that? I personally don’t understand.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts<br /></strong>It was a practice that—I don’t know this for sure—but I think that it allowed celery to be harvested, and stored in root cellars, and carried much longer through the year, than if celery were left green and packed away and stored. You know, a lot of the original celery growers were Upstate New York and Michigan. In the North, when they grew celery, they grew it in the late summer, harvested it, and stored it, and shipped it out little by little during the wintertime. And so people would traditionally take celery, put it in a root cellar back in the—back before refrigeration. And it was very important to try to preserve that as long as you could before so that you had vegetables, and if you stored potatoes, and everything that you harvested in the fall, you stored and ate on it as long as you could. We’re not used to that nowadays. Nowadays you go to a supermarket and they got, you know, just about every vegetable year-round, but that’s just happened in my lifetime. Prior to that and prior to refrigeration in the early part of the 1900s, vegetables were very seasonal. And so you had an excess—you had an abundance at harvest time—you tried to store that as long as you could. And bleached celery would store better than green celery.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>Okay, sir.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts<br /></strong>That’s the reason. That’s the long-winded explanation for bleaching. And because it traditionally had been bleached, even after refrigeration came along in the early part of the 1900s, celery was—had always—people were used to eating bleached celery, so that’s the way it was done. That was phased out, and my understanding is that the military, right before World War II, came out with a report that said green celery was better for you than bleached celery—was more nutritious. And that one report was sort of the tipping point. They had been up until then, for the few years before that, they had been growing bleached and unbleached celery, and after that, bleached celery became a thing of the past.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>Okay. Well, thank you, sir.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts<br /></strong>All right. That’s the long-winded explanation. It’s kind of like, you know, why did all citrus juice come from a frozen concentrate can a few years ago, and now it’s available in a not-from-concentrate carton in the refrigerated section of the store? It’s sort of the same thing. It’s an evolution of technology and what people are used to. And you can’t—people don’t change their habits overnight. It takes a while.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>All right. Gotcha, sir.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts <br /></strong>But all the celery starting in the late ‘40s then, was not bleached celery.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>Did your—so I’m understanding—well, you didn’t grow it that way, but your father and grandfather each did?</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts<br /></strong>Grandfathers definitely did. Yes.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris <br /></strong>Okay. Well, how, you said earlier that one of the stories you remember—hearing them talk about bleaching the celery. Do you remember any other childhood memories popped into your mind? You know, whether’s[sic] it in agriculture or just at school?</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts<br /></strong>Well, when I was—I do remember my father’s—excuse me—my grandfather’s mules. He had obviously started—mules were used a lot, exclusively in the 1800s, and quite a bit in the early 1900s, because in Oviedo most of this celery farming was grown on muck, and that soft, organic land, the heavy tractors of the day wouldn’t stand up. They’d do fine out here on the sand land, or where they were mostly used in the Midwest, but that muck soil was, you had to have good flotation. And they would even take the mules’ hooves and wrap them in sacks, and tie around the hooves to increase the footprint of the mule so that he wouldn’t bog up as much when he went through the field. And at the end of the day, untied those sacks off the bottom of the mules’ feet. And the next day, if it was still soft and wet out there, they’d retie them. That would keep him from bogging up. He’d only sink three inches instead of sinking eight inches.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>And the mule accepted this.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts<br /></strong>The mules accepted it. And you know, back then, if you were going to be a farmer, you had to be able to have a good—you had to know your mules, and be able to train them, and be able to work them. And it was an art to have a good team of mules. So I remember as a kid, the conversation between my dad and my grandfather, where my dad was saying, “What in the world are you doing keeping those mules? You haven’t plowed a field with them in five years now, and we’re not gonna ever use mules again. I don’t know why you’re fooling with them.” And my grandfather saying, “They’re my mules. I can’t just get rid of them.” So until those mules died, which was probably—I was probably six or seven years old—he still had a barn right on the end of Lake Charm at Florida Avenue. Along Florida Avenue there, he had a barn with two mules in it. But I’ve never seen them work the field. I’ve seen pictures. I’ve got pictures of it. In fact, I’ve got pictures of my grandfather with his mule team and his first tractor in the field, and he’s smiling. I think he’s more proud of the mules than he is the tractor.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>He had two mules? Is that like a normal amount, or...</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts<br /></strong>Oh, well, they generally used a mule team. They generally used two mule teams farming here. Now, I have no idea how many total teams he had, but probably, you know, two or three teams of two.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>You said your grandfather had worked the fields. Did your father also work as a farmer?</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts<br /></strong>Yeah. Yes.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>And growing up, did you do the same?</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts<br /></strong>Well, I worked summers, you know, but—so when school got out in the summer, I’d go work with Dad, and work all summer long at the farm. But my dad always told me that, you know, he wanted me to be whatever I wanted to be. You know, don’t—he didn’t expect me to come back to the farm. If I did, it was going to be my decision. He wanted me to make that decision on my own.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>Okay.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts<br /></strong>So as I said, when I went off to college, I went so that I wouldn’t be a farmer, but ended up coming back.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>When you came back, sir, did you work mostly the administrative? Or did you also go back and work the fields as well?</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts<br /></strong>No, I worked the fields. I mean, you know, times had changed, but we had a crew of tractor drivers and—but I was the farm manager. I oversaw not only decisions on what we were gonna plant and where we were gonna plant it, but when the planting times were gonna be, and how we were gonna try to space the crop out, what personnel we needed for packing, and shipping, and selling.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>Okay, sir. Can you tell us how it’s changed over the years, like Oviedo and the areas you’ve lived in? Since you were growing up, I’m assuming there’s been a lot of changes between then and now.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts<br /></strong>Well, Oviedo in the 1950s was an agricultural economy. Between the citrus and the vegetables that were grown, the basis for all the economy and all the services here was built around agriculture. That started changing in the late ‘50s, as some of the new equipment that was available had opened up new farming areas in the United States, and competition. For instance, in South Florida, the Belle Glade area opened up, and it was more economical in a lot of ways to grow products down there than it was up here. So, these farms tended to fall on harder times, and the more marginal farms and marginal farmers dropped out, sometimes bought up by other farmers, and sometimes that land was just taken out of production, never to be put in. There was lots of small pockets here in Oviedo that I remember having vegetables in them, that have not have been farmed in thirty years now.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>Now, that started occurring the ‘50s, you said, sir?</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts<br /></strong>Well, late ‘50s.</p>
<p>And with the, you know, two things things happened about the time I started to go to—I graduated from high school and left to go to college. One is [Walt] Disney [World] opened up, and the other is that UCF [University of Central Florida] was established in our backyard here. And Disney really was the beginning of Orlando being a tourist destination. It had been a wintertime destination for a hundred years, almost, but it had not been a year-round tourist destination until [Walt] Disney established Disney World here.</p>
<p class="Body">UCF, being so close to Oviedo, changed Oviedo in that it brought in not only the teachers, professors, but all of the services that a large university requires, and, of course, the students. And so, it makes Oviedo a little bit more of a bedroom community to that college—doesn’t make it—Oviedo’s not the classic college town, but it is definitely a bedroom community to UCF. My perspective, because I left for college and didn’t come back to Oviedo—I lived in Apopka after that to run that farm, and just moved back fairly recently. I lived in Apopka for 35 years, but had lots of interests here. My family was here so I was, you know, monthly I was in Oviedo. And so I could see Oviedo change without being part of that change, you know, sort of being distanced from that change.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris <br /></strong>Okay.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts<br /></strong>And really, not easily described, but a very constant growing and getting less and less dependent on agriculture, more and more dependent on the high-tech industries and moderate. You know, medium manufacturing, light manufacturing, and of course, tourism.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>As a farmer, did you see UCF and Disney World as problematic for your business or for your community in Orlando?</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts<br /></strong>No, no. You know, you don’t try to rail against progress. It is—and you adapt to it. So, our family’s operation adapted as needed to those, and one reason why we closed the Oviedo farms down and just concentrated on our Zellwood operation was because that was the more modern farm of the last part of the 20th century, and the Oviedo farm was the farm of the first half of the 20th century.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>Okay, sir. And since then both have farms have been closed down, correct, sir?</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts<br /></strong>Yes. We sold our Zellwood farm to the State of Florida as part of a restoration project to clean up Lake Apopka.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>Okay. And that was 1979?</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts<br /></strong>No. No, we shut that down, sold that in 1998.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris <br /></strong>Oh, okay, sir. And have you been working elsewhere since then, or traveling, or…</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts<br /></strong>Yeah. We had citrus groves, and we expanded those after selling out the vegetable operation, but basically downsized. I said I retired when I sold the vegetable operation, because I work so much less now than I did back then. But I still stay busy and enjoy growing oranges. You know, even the citrus business has evolved. When I was on the outside, I didn’t think the citrus business changed very much in, you know, my whole lifetime. And then once I got involved in it, I realized it is evolving. So it’s an interesting business to be in. I really enjoy it.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>How has it evolved?</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts<br /></strong>Well, we were, once again, especially around Oviedo, there were lots of small orange groves. You could send a man on a tractor down the road. If your farm was right here, you could send a man out on over to Casselberry or up to Lake Mary on a tractor pulling an implement, have him do work that day, and drive back in the evening to do work on a ten-acre grove. Now, the liability exposure of putting a tractor on the road, you wouldn’t do—you know, you couldn’t make enough money on a ten-acre grove to just cover the liability exposure. So, groves now tend to be large blocks of a hundred acres, 75 to 500 acres. Anything less than that is pretty hard to caretake.</p>
<p class="Body">Irrigation systems—groves weren’t irrigated except by portable aluminum pipe. In real dry times in the spring, you would hook portable irrigation pipe to a pump and irrigate down that row—and for two or three hours—and you would shut the pump down, move that pipe through the grove, and reassemble it, and water another strip. Now everything is micro-jet, where there’s a sprinkler under every row, under every tree, year-round, a permanent micro-sprinkler. The irrigation’s mostly done by a timer and moisture sensors in the ground so that you don’t—nothing’s ever touched once it’s installed out there.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>Oh, okay. Because all I ever see of the orange trees, sir, I don’t get to see underneath the ground. I didn’t know what changes had occurred.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts<br /></strong>They’ve all got a sprinkler underneath them now.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>Okay.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts<br /></strong>And we’re planting much closer than we used to. Trees used to be planted on a 25’ x 25’ spacing. Now, generally, you plant on a 12’ x 24’ spacing, so there’s a lot more trees to the acre, and everything’s worked one way down a row instead of two ways, like they used to do it in a grove. Used to be able to drive down two ways.</p>
<p class="Body">It’s starting to rain. Do you believe that?</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>No.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts<br /></strong>Did you leave your windows down?</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>No, sir.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts<br /></strong>Okay.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>No. It must be that one random cloud, right there. That’s the one catch about Florida. You never know when it’s gonna rain, even with the sunny skies.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts<br /></strong>Wow. I’m so surprised at that. I can’t—I wouldn’t have thought it’s gonna rain today, as cool as it was this morning.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>On the plus side, it doesn’t snow randomly.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts <br /></strong>Nah. Well, not very often.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>I think I’ve seen it snow in Florida one time.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris <br /></strong>But the snow disappeared before it hit the ground, and that was in the late ‘80s.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts <br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>Have you ever seen it snow in Florida, sir?</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts<br /></strong>Yeah. Yeah, about three different times I’ve seen where snow stayed around.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>Really?</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts<br /></strong>Yeah, but not—the Christmas freeze of 1983. Snow stayed in shady spots for two days.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>Wow. Would not have expected that from Florida.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>You said you still have the citrus industry as the business. Do you still do cattle, or ...</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts<br /></strong>Well, the Clonts family never was in the cattle business, but we owned pasture land.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>Oh, okay.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts<br /></strong>And so, we’ve never been involved directly in the cattle business, but we know it well because we’ve always had land that we leased to my cousins and to other cattlemen who ran the cows, kept up the fences, and paid their lease for all that.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>Okay.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts<br /></strong>So, was a way of having a ranch that was active cow ranch without having to be hands-on day-to-day in the business.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>Okay, sir. And I’m assuming that made it a lot easier, then?</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts<br /></strong>Oh, yeah. Basically, you’re just a landowner. In the cow business, we’ve just been a landowner and landlord to the cattlemen.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>Okay, sir.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts <br /></strong>And it’s my mother’s brother, Robert Lee, was very involved in the cattle business all his life, so they leased most of our land.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>Okay, sir. Jumping off subject, you mentioned when you went to college. You were old enough to go to UCF, were you not? Or was UCF ...</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts<br /></strong>I could’ve gone to UCF, and instead I chose to go to University of South Florida down in Tampa.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>Oh, really? I didn’t even realize that university was as old.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts<br /></strong>Yep.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>So you’re a Bulls fan, then?</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts<br /></strong>That’s right.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>My best friends would love to hear that. I, however, went to Florida State [University].</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts<br /></strong>Oh, yeah. Well, that’s another good school.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>It’s a good school.</p>
<p class="Body">Are there any particular historical events that come to mind, when you think over the course of your life, sir, that stick out?</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts<br /></strong>Hm. You know, thinking back into my childhood, I remember one that was—and I don’t remember what the year was, probably was about 1961 or ’62—a jet aircraft flying a training mission out at what was then Sanford Naval Training Center [Naval Air Station Sanford], crashed just a few hundred feet from the edge of what is now Lawton Elementary School, but it was the Oviedo High School, which had all twelve grades at that time. And being in class, and hearing that crash, and all the flames and all the confusion afterwards. The pilot died in that crash. You know, one of those things you never forget. But I have forgotten the year. [<em>laughs</em>] So I guess I do forget it.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>Oh, okay. But you remember the event though, right, sir?</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts <br /></strong>I remember the event.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>What grade were you in at that time?</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts<br /></strong>It seems like I was in about seventh or eighth grade, something like that. Maybe I was younger than that, because my memory’s still pretty fuzzy. But still it was—I remember the confusion.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>And was it over by the next day? Did you return to classes normally?</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts<br /></strong>Oh, yeah. And, you know, it was the talk of the town for months and months, but things got back to normal fairly quickly—not, you know. Military jets were still, at that time, you know—it was the new technology.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>Right.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts<br /></strong>So it wasn’t—we heard jets flying, but, you know, you didn’t see that many jets back then.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>Unless they crashed right outside your school.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts<br /></strong>Unless they crashed next to your school.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>Then it’s hard to miss them. What kind of relationship did the community have with the military—the base—right there? Especially the farmers.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts <br /></strong>Oh, I think it was a good relationship. You know, Florida was—a lot of people who were in the military during World War II, when they got out, ended up coming back to Florida, because Florida had been such a good place for military bases in the ‘40s. Got the climate where you can train year-round, you know. It’s a whole lot better being stationed on a base in Pensacola than it is in upstate Michigan in the wintertime. So Florida had lots and lots of bases that trained soldiers of all types in the 1940s. As I said, a lot of those people got a taste of Florida, and once they were out of the military, and maybe got married, and—you know, said, “I know where I want to go.” And they moved back to Florida.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>Can’t blame them.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts<br /></strong>Nope. It’s been happening ever since.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>It has, sir. It has. It’s still, I think—it’s still known for its military bases being more preferable to work—train—here. Because you have some of them in Jacksonville, some still down in Tampa.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts<br /></strong>Sure.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>Yeah. Is there anything we haven’t covered, discussed today sir, that you wanted to make sure we got to?</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts<br /></strong>No, I didn’t have any agenda, and I don’t think I’ve done a very good interview. I think I’ve done a pretty average job at this.</p>
<p class="Body">I remember when fire ants had first gotten into Texas—because fire ants are not native to Florida—and, so fire ants in the mid-‘60s were getting into the state from the coastal states, but they had originally come in in Texas and then spread from there, and the [Douglas] DC-3 airplanes would fly on ant bait over the whole state. They would take a grid of eight miles by eight miles, and they would systematically fly at about three or four hundred feet high, dropping ant bait on a hundred percent of the ground surface.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>Ant bait was ...</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts<br /></strong>Well, the ant bait was to try to kill fire ants that were coming into the state. Obviously was not successful.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>Obviously. I didn’t even know they weren’t native to Florida. I just kind of figured they were native everywhere.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts<br /></strong>No. [<em>laughs</em>] They seem like it now.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts<br /></strong>You know, that’s something that I don’t think you’d see happen today. I mean, there’s new pests now coming into the state of Florida, but at the rate of two or three a year. And you know, we’ve got pythons in the Everglades—that the idea of trying to eradicate an insect like that once it’s got established in the state is probably never going to happen again.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>Probably not, sir. Did that cause any kind of panic or worry with the farmers? If they took it seriously enough to be spraying the entire state to try to get out fire ants?</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts<br /></strong>Well, fire ants had been—fire ants are a pest, but you just learn to live with them. I mean, fire ants can kill a newborn calf if that calf gets born in the field, and the mother cow drops that calf in an ant pile. I mean, fire ants cause damage to livestock right now. They can kill a newborn calf, but that’s not a high rate of mortality, because it doesn’t happen too often, so it’s not something we try to eradicate anymore. But there was a time when there was a very organized war on fire ants.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>Who organized this war?</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts<br /></strong>Well, it was at the request of citizens, but it was the government and Ag departments [Department of Agriculture], and so on.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>Okay. When you say fire ants, you’re talking about the red ones? The black ones had already been here, correct? Or did they both come at the same time?</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts<br /></strong>There’s lots of species of native ants here, some of which bite and some which don’t.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>Okay.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts<br /></strong>But the fire ant is the one that, you know, when you step in the mound, you just get swarms of them.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>Right. There’s one in my front yard.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts<br /></strong>Yeah. I take those out every time I see one. I get the ant bait out and kill it. But I don’t try to eradicate them all over the state.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>That would be a little extreme, wouldn’t it? But, is there anything else, sir?</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts<br /></strong>No.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Morris<br /></strong>All right, sir, this has been invaluable. I really appreciate it. Thank you for letting me come over and talk to you today.</p>
<p class="Body"><strong>Clonts <br /></strong>You bet. </p>
Click to View (Movie, Podcast, or Website)
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/cd78f4769e8e45b85bf170fe15b385fe.mp3" target="_blank">Oral History of Rex Clonts, Jr.</a>
agriculture
ants
Apopka
Black Hammock
C. R. Clonts
C. R. Clonts Associated Growers
C. S. Lee
cattle
cattle ranch
cattle ranches
celery
Central Florida
Charles Simeon Lee
citrus
Clonts, Thelma Lee
farmers
farming
fire ants
Florida Avenue
Historical Society of Central Florida
irrigation
Joseph Morris
Lake Apopka
Lake Charm
Lawton Elementary School
Linda McKnight Batman Oral History Project
Mitchell Hammock
mules
Museum of Seminole County History
NAS Sanford
Naval Air Station Sanford
OHS
orange groves
Orange Memorial Hospital
oranges
orlando
Oviedo
Oviedo High School
Rex Clonts, Jr.
Rex Clonts, Sr.
Robert Lee
Sanford
seed bed
seed beds
Seminole County
Slavia
Tampa
Thelma Lee
Thelma Lee Clonts
tourism
UCF
University of Central Florida
University of South Florida
USF
Walt Disney
Walt Disney World
Walter Elias Disney
Zellwood
-
https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/a8858b4907f5cfae0036b764a4a6bea2.jpg
0f2343c70bb6dac953b56948f45c8163
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Seminole County Public Schools Collection
Alternative Title
SCPS Collection
Subject
Seminole County (Fla.)
Schools
High schools--Florida
Elementary schools
Grammar schools
Middle schools--Florida
Education--Florida
Teachers--Florida
Educators--Florida
Description
Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the educational history of Seminole County, Florida. Items from this collection are donated by the Student Museum and UCF Public History Center.
The Student Museum has collaborated with the University of Central Florida and established the UCF Public History Center (PHC). All of the Student Museum's collections are presently housed at the PHC. The goal of the PHC is to promote access to history through ground-breaking research connecting local to global, provide cutting-edge hands-on educational programs for students and visitors, and to engage the community in contributing to and learning from history.
Contributor
<a href="http://www.scps.k12.fl.us/studentmuseum/Home.aspx" target="_blank">Student Museum</a>
<a href="http://www.publichistorycenter.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">UCF Public History Center</a>
Has Part
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/31" target="_blank">Student Museum and UCF Public History Center Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/44" target="_blank">Seminole County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida.
Language
eng
Type
Collection
Coverage
Cameron City, Sanford, Florida
Crooms Academy, Goldsoboro, Sanford, Florida
Chuluota Primary School, Chuluota, Florida
East Side Primary School, Sanford, Florida
Forest City School, Forest City, Altamonte Springs, Florida
Fort Reed, Sanford, Florida
Gabriella Colored School, Gabriella, Oviedo, Florida
Geneva Colored School, Geneva, Florida
Geneva Elementary, Geneva, Florida
Georgetown, Sanford, Florida
Goldsboro Primary School, Goldsboro, Sanford, Florida
Hungerford School, Florida
Kolokee, Geneva, Florida
Lake Howell High School, Winter Park, Florida
Lake Mary School, Lake Mary, Florida
Lake Monroe Colored School, Lake Monroe, Sanford, Florida
Longwood School, Longwood, Florida
Lyman High School, Longwood, Florida
Lyman Elementary School, Longwood, Florida
Midway, Sanford, Florida
Osceola School, Osceola, Geneva, Florida
Oviedo Colored School, Curryville, Oviedo, Florida
Oviedo High School, Oviedo, Florida
Oviedo School, Oviedo, Florida
Paola, Florida
Sanford Grammar School, Sanford, Florida
Sanford High School, Sanford, Florida
Sanford Junior High School, Sanford, Florida
Sanford Middle School, Sanford, Florida
Sanford Primary School, Sanford, Florida
Seminole County Public Schools, Sanford, Florida
Seminole High School, Sanford, Florida
South Side Primary School, Sanford, Florida
Student Museum, Sanford, Florida
UCF Public History Center, Sanford, Florida
Wagner Colored School, Florida
Westside Grammar Elementary School, Sanford, Florida
West Side Primary School, Sanford, Florida
Wilson School, Altamonte Springs, Florida
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://www.publichistorycenter.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">Public History Center/Student Museum</a>
External Reference
<span>"</span><a href="http://www.publichistorycenter.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">Public History Center</a><span>." Public History Center, University of Central Florida. http://www.publichistorycenter.cah.ucf.edu/.</span>
<span>"</span><a href="http://www.scps.k12.fl.us/studentmuseum/Home.aspx" target="_blank">Student Museum</a><span>." Seminole County Public Schools. http://www.scps.k12.fl.us/studentmuseum/Home.aspx.</span>
Accrual Method
Donation
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Elizabeth Boyd's Experiences as Itinerant Librarian at Sanford Grammar School
Alternative Title
Librarian at Sanford Grammar School
Subject
Sanford (Fla.)
Education--Florida
Schools
Libraries--Florida
Description
Elizabeth Boyd's experiences as the school librarian at Sanford Grammar School from 1961 to 1965. Boyd was hired by the Seminole County School Board in 1961 when the Florida Legislature passed legislation requiring that every public school have a library and a librarian. As an itinerant librarian, Boyd spent half of her work week at Sanford Grammar School and the other half at Southside Elementary School. In 1965, she resigned and accepted a new position as head librarian at Seminole High School. <br /><br />Originally established as Sanford High School, the main building was constructed at 301 West Seventh Street in Sanford, Florida, in 1902. The building was designed by W. G. Talley in the Romanesque revival style. Due to an increasing student population, a new school building was constructed on the corner of East Ninth Street and South Palmetto Avenue in 1911. The original building on Seventh Street served as Westside Grammar Elementary School, which was later renamed Sanford Grammar School. After a desperate need for an addition to the school developed, the city granted the school $75,000. The school's lunchroom was opened on October 10, 1921, after months of fundraising efforts hosted by the Woman's Club. In November 23, 1984, the main school building was placed on the National Register of Historic Places and converted into the Student Museum. However, despite objections from the community, the lunchroom was demolished on September 25, 2008. The main school building reopened as the University of Central Florida's Public History Center in 2012.
Type
Text
Source
Original 1-page manuscript by Elizabeth Boyd: Sanford Grammar Collection, Archives Box 4B, <a href="http://www.publichistorycenter.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">UCF Public History Center</a>, Sanford, Florida.
Is Part Of
Sanford Grammar Collection, Archives Box 4B, <a href="http://www.publichistorycenter.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">UCF Public History Center</a>, Sanford, Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/73" target="_blank">Seminole County Public Schools Collection</a>, Student Museum and UCF Public History Center Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
Is Format Of
Digital reproduction of original 1-page manuscript by Elizabeth Boyd.
Coverage
Sanford Grammar School, Sanford, Florida
Seminole High School, Sanford, Florida
Creator
Boyd, Elizabeth
Format
image/jpg
Extent
320 KB
Medium
1-page manuscript
Language
eng
Mediator
History Teacher
Rights Holder
Copyright to this resource is held by the <a href="http://www.scps.k12.fl.us/studentmuseum/Home.aspx" target="_blank">Student Museum</a> and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only.
Accrual Method
Donation
Contributing Project
<a href="http://www.publichistorycenter.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">UCF Public History Center</a>
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank"> RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://www.publichistorycenter.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">Public History Center/Student Museum</a>
External Reference
"<a href="http://www.publichistorycenter.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">Public History Center</a>"." Public History Center, University of Central Florida. http://www.publichistorycenter.cah.ucf.edu/.
Sanford Historical Society (Fla.). <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/53015288" target="_blank"><em>Sanford</em></a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 2003.
"<a href="http://www.scps.k12.fl.us/studentmuseum/Home.aspx" target="_blank">Student Museum</a>." Seminole County Public Schools. http://www.scps.k12.fl.us/studentmuseum/Home.aspx.
elementary schools
Elizabeth Boyd
Florida Legislature
Florida State College for Women
Freeman Baggett
FSCW
grammar schools
head librarians
itinerant librarians
libraries
library
Rollins College
Sanford
Sanford Grammar School
Seminole County School Board
Seminole High School
Southside Elementary School
Stetson University
teachers
UF
University of Florida
University of South Florida
USF
Westside Grammar Elementary School
-
https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/cf54e641fa0d4b54defe352f173e3897.pdf
c11b2eb95128c7178d7e692f93672926
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
World War II Collection
Alternative Title
WWII Collection
Subject
World War II, 1939-1945
Veterans--Florida
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/24" target="_blank">UCF Community Veterans History Project Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida.
Language
eng
Type
Collection
Contributing Project
<a href="http://digitalcollections.net.ucf.edu/cdm/landingpage/collection/VET" target="_blank">UCF Community Veterans History Project</a>
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/landingpage/collection/VET" target="_blank">UCF Community Veterans History Project</a><span>, UCF Digital Collections, University of Central Florida</span>
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Description
Although Japan and China were already engaged war since 1937, September 1, 1939 is generally considered the beginning date of World War II. It was on this day that Adolf Hitler (1889-1945), the Führer of Nazi Germany, invaded Poland, inciting France and the United Kingdom to declare war. Through the course of the war, belligerents were general divided into two groups: the Allied Powers, consisting of the United Kingdom, France, the Soviet Union, China, Poland, Canada, Australia, India, Yugoslavia, Greece, the Netherlands, Belgium, South Africa, New Zealand, Norway, Czechoslovakia, Ethiopia, Brazil, Denmark, Luxembourg, Cuba, Mexico, the Philippines, Mongolia, and Iran; and the Axis Powers, consisting of Germany, Japan, Italy, Hungary, Romania, and Bulgaria.
The United States did not join the Allies until the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. War was waged for several years. On May 8, 1945, Germany surrendered to Soviet and Polish troops in response to the capture of Berlin just a few days earlier, in effect ending the war in Europe. The war in the Pacific theater did not end until Japan surrendered on August 15, 1945, in response to the atomic attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
World War II transformed the globe's geopolitical context. The United Nations (UN) was established and the United States and Soviet Union emerged as opposing superpowers, setting the stage for the 46-year long Cold War. Much of Europe was left in economic collapse and decolonization began in Asia and Africa.
Contributor
<a href="http://library.ucf.edu/about/departments/special-collections-university-archives/" target="_blank">Special Collections and University Archives</a><span>, University of Central Florida Libraries, University of Central Florida</span>
Source Repository
<a href="http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/landingpage/collection/VET" target="_blank">UCF Community Veterans History Project</a><span>, UCF Digital Collections, University of Central Florida</span>
External Reference
<span>"</span><a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/veterans/" target="_blank">About the Project</a><span>." UCF Community Veterans History Project, RICHES of Central Florida, University of Central Florida. http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/veterans/.</span>
Black, Jeremy. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/51306184" target="_blank"><em>World War Two: A Military History</em></a>. London: Routledge, 2003.
Maddox, Robert James. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/24066126" target="_blank"><em>The United States and World War II</em></a>. Boulder: Westview Press, 1992.
Davies, Norman, and Norman Davies. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/104891528" target="_blank"><em>No Simple Victory: World War II in Europe, 1939-1945</em></a>. New York: Viking, 2007
Zeiler, Thomas W. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/51905775" target="_blank"><em>Unconditional Defeat: Japan, America, and the End of World War II</em></a>. Wilmington, Del: Scholarly Resources, 2004.
Ferguson, Niall. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70839824" target="_blank"><em>The War of the World: Twentieth-Century Conflict and the Descent of the West</em></a>. New York: Penguin Press, 2006.
Reynolds, David. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/646790595" target="_blank"><em>From World War to Cold War Churchill, Roosevelt, and the International History of the 1940s</em></a>. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.
Coverage
Naval Training Center, Orlando, Florida
Oral History
A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Oral History of Frank V. Boffi
Alternative Title
Oral History, Boffi
Subject
Veterans--Florida
World War II
Description
An oral history interview of Frank V. Boffi (b. 1922), who served in the U.S. Navy from 1942 to 1945 and again from 1948 to 1952. Boffi was born in Cranston, Rhode Island, on May 18, 1922. He served during both World War II and the Korean War, and was stationed on USS <em>Bernadou</em>, USS <em>Hugh W. Hadley</em>, USS <em>Brownson</em>n, and USS <em>Fiske</em>. Boffi also took part in the Allied Invasion of Sicily, the Battle of Anzio, and the Battle of Okinawa. He received a Purple Heart, among other awards, and achieved the rank of 1st Class Machinist. This interview was conducted by Luis Santana Garcia at the University of Central Florida in Orlando, Florida. Topics discussed in the oral history include Boffi's background, his enlistment, fighting in Italy, the construction of the USS <em>Hugh W. Hadley</em> and its subsequent destruction, serving in the Pacific Theater, leaving the Navy, his medals and citations, and the Lone Sailor Memorial Project.
Table Of Contents
0:00:00 Introduction<br />0:00:30 Background and family<br />0:02:00 Entry into service<br />0:08:30 First days of service<br />0:12:37 Invading Italy as an American of Italian heritage<br />0:14:30 Experience during the battles in Italy<br />0:19:30 USS <em>Hugh W. Hadley</em> construction, training, and the Pacific Theater<br />0:23:23 Typical day and recreational activities<br />0:25:30 Life after service<br />0:27:50 Medals, citations, and values learned<br />0:29:42 VIDEO SKIPS<br />0:30:00 Future of the Lone Sailor Memorial Project<br />0:31:43 Closing remarks
Abstract
Oral history interview of Frank V. Boffi. Interview conducted by Luis Santana Garcia.
Type
Moving Image
Source
Boffi, Frank V. Interviewed by Luis Santana Garcia. Audio/video record available. <a href="http://digitalcollections.net.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/VET/id/267" target="_blank">Item DP0014888</a>, <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/veterans/" target="_blank">UCF Community Veterans History Project</a>, Orlando, Florida.
Requires
<a href="http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer/" target="_blank"> Adobe Flash Player</a>
<a href="http://java.com/en/download/index.jsp" target="_blank"> Java</a>
Is Part Of
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/veterans/" target="_blank">UCF Community Veterans History Project</a>, Orlando, Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/95" target="_blank">World War II Collection</a>, UCF Community Veterans History Project Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
Has Format
Boffi, Frank V. Interviewed by Luis Santana Garcia. Audio/video record available. <a href="http://digitalcollections.net.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/VET/id/267" target="_blank">Item DP0014888</a>, <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/veterans/" target="_blank">UCF Community Veterans History Project</a>, Orlando, Florida.
Digital transcript of original 32-minute and 25-second oral history: Boffi, Frank V. Interviewed by Luis Santana Garcia. Audio/video record available. <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/veterans/" target="_blank">UCF Community Veterans History Project</a>, Orlando, Florida.
Conforms To
Standards established by the <a href="http://www.loc.gov/vets/" target="_blank">Veterans History Projects</a>, Library of Congress.
Coverage
Cranston, Rhode Island
Downtown Providence, Rhode Island
Newport, Rhode Island
Boston, Massachusetts
Naval Training Center, Orlando, Florida
Sicily, Salerno, Italy
Anzio Beach, Italy
Oran, Algeria
Tinian, Northern Mariana Islands
Okinawa, Japan
Vatican Necropolis, Vatican, Vatican City
Creator
Boffi, Frank V.
Garcia, Luis Santana
Publisher
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>
Contributor
Barnes, Mark
Date Created
2014-02-26
Date Copyrighted
2014-02-26
Format
application/website
application/pdf
Extent
12.1 MB
188 KB
Medium
32-minute and 25-second Hi8 CD/DVD
15-page digital transcript
Language
eng
Mediator
History Teacher
Civics/Government Teacher
Geography Teacher
Provenance
Originally created by Luis Santana Garcia and Frank V. Boffi and published by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>.
Rights Holder
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>
Accrual Method
Item Creation
Contributing Project
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/veterans/" target="_blank">UCF Community Veterans History Project</a>
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/landingpage/collection/VET" target="_blank">UCF Community Veterans History Project</a>, UCF Digital Collections, University of Central Florida
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>
External Reference
Black, Jeremy. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/51306184" target="_blank"><em>World War Two: A Military History</em></a>. London: Routledge, 2003.
Maddox, Robert James. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/24066126" target="_blank"><em>The United States and World War II</em></a>. Boulder: Westview Press, 1992.
Davies, Norman, and Norman Davies. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/104891528" target="_blank"><em>No Simple Victory: World War II in Europe, 1939-1945</em></a>. New York: Viking, 2007.
Zeiler, Thomas W. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/51905775" target="_blank"><em>Unconditional Defeat: Japan, America, and the End of World War II</em></a>. Wilmington, Del: Scholarly Resources, 2004.
Ferguson, Niall. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70839824" target="_blank"><em>The War of the World: Twentieth-Century Conflict and the Descent of the West</em></a>. New York: Penguin Press, 2006.
Reynolds, David. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/646790595" target="_blank"><em>From World War to Cold War Churchill, Roosevelt, and the International History of the 1940s</em></a>. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.
Click to View (Movie, Podcast, or Website)
<a href="http://stars.library.ucf.edu/veteransoralhistories/214/" target="_blank">Boffi, Frank V.</a>
Transcript
<p><strong>Garcia<br /></strong>Today is February 26<sup>th</sup>, 2014. I am interviewing Frank Boffi, who served in the United States Navy. He served in World War II and ended with a rank of Machinist MAT 1<sup>st</sup> class. With me is Mark...</p>
<p><strong>Barnes<br /></strong>Mark Barnes.</p>
<p><strong>Garcia<br /></strong>Mark Barnes. We are interviewing Mr. Boffi as part of the University of Central Florida Community Veterans History Project and as research for the creation of a Lone Sailor Memorial Project. We are recording this interview at UCF in Orlando, Florida. Mr. Boffi, will you please start by—start us off by telling us when and where you were born?</p>
<p><strong>Boffi<br /></strong>Cranston, Rhode Island, which is about nine miles north of, uh Downtown Providence[, Rhode Island]. I was born May 18<sup>th</sup>, 1922, and I’m the, uh, youngest of seven boys. We were a family of 10 children. Raised during the Great Depression which is—was hell on life—on Earth, really. So we had to get adjusted to that— not having anything.</p>
<p>I’ve been lecturing five high schools here locally about World War II and the kids don’t believe that, during the Depression, we had no allowance, we had nothing, and, uh—but anyway, I survived the Depression. I survived three battles in the Pacif—the, uh, Mediterranean [Sea], and the one battle in the Pacific [Theater]. So I consider myself a survivor.</p>
<p><strong>Garcia<br /></strong>What did your parents do for a living?</p>
<p><strong>Boffi<br /></strong>They were, uh, country folks. My dad worked—was a laborer, because in Italy they lived out on farms, and came over here had really no skills. and, um, he worked for—under the WPA systems, which was the Works Progress Administration—back in the [19]30s, uh, one of the programs set by President [Franklin Delano] Roosevelt. So he was just a, uh, shovel—a reg[?] guy. He was working on the roads and the parks and stuff that the city was rocking[?] for him. That sort of thing.</p>
<p><strong>Garcia<br /></strong>And when did you, uh, enter the Navy?</p>
<p><strong>Boffi<br /></strong>I, uh, entered—first of all, I think it’s important to hear that we<a title="">[1]</a> got engaged December 6<sup>th</sup>, 1941, which was the night before the Pearl Harbor attack. And, um, it’s so strange: these high schools that I’ve been lecturing—that’s the one thing those kids remember when I go back the next year after that. Yeah. I ask what they remember about World War II and they all say the same thing, “You and your wife got engaged the night before Pearl Harbor.”</p>
<p>We got—I got married at, uh, 20 years old—August 1<sup>st</sup>, 1942. And on September 15<sup>th</sup>, 1942, I went down and enlisted in the Navy, because I did not want to be drafted into the Army. I was told that the Navy, you had three square a day and clean bedding, as long as you washed it. But the Army guys had to sleep in mud and foxholes and I didn’t want that kind of stuff.</p>
<p>But, um, yeah. We were—I—my wife and I were married 71 years this past August 1<sup>st</sup>, and then she died October 7<sup>th</sup>, [inaudible] 2014. But, uh, it was a tough life, but we hacked it through[?]. It was just two young kids. She was 22 and I was 20, but we made it and it was a real sacrifice. We only had the one son who has—now has two children and six great, uh—six grandchildren. I have six great-grandchildren.</p>
<p>My son is a graduate of the University of Nebraska, where he has a master’s [degree] out of the university. Um, He started in engineering, but he changed it over to psychology. And I asked him why he changed his major[?] over the subject—his degree in, and he said one of his friends dove out of the six—I think he said it was a six-story window. And He was on LSD [lysergic acid diethylamide] and he just dove out the window. And that was when my son decided to change his career and help the kids that were—that were on drugs. He was—he wound up being an administrator of six counties in east Nebraska—in charge of the drug program. But Now he’s a—he was a regional manager for Xerox [Corporation], and they moved him to Washington, D.C. area. And now he’s, uh—has his own business—he and his wife—as general resources. Um, he’s chief operating officer for AmeriCom. It’s a company that deals with the government, and their biggest account is the Air Force. And he is in, uh, San Antonio[, Texas] about every four or five weeks, because we have bases there. What else you want?</p>
<p><strong>Garcia<br /></strong>Now, uh, you said you were—got engaged the day before Pearl Harbor. What was your reaction to the attack on Pearl Harbor?</p>
<p><strong>Boffi<br /></strong>It was kind of a shock, but We, uh, I think we were prepared for it. The—the way things were going, we knew that some war was going to come out of it. It was so strange: in Downtown Providence—I’m not sure if you’re familiar with it—they had docks there. And, uh, my buddy and I—we used to go down there. we used to walk to Providence maybe two days a week, and there were all these old rust buckets loading up with all the, um, scrap iron, and we sold millions and millions of tons of scrap iron to Japan. And then—then four or five months, the war broke out, they were firing it right back at us.</p>
<p><strong>Garcia<br /></strong>Why did you join the Navy?</p>
<p><strong>Boffi<br /></strong>Like I told you, I didn’t like—I didn’t like being in a foxhole, and I didn’t want to join the Army. I had one brother in the Army and two—the one in the Navy, he joined long after I did. But, uh, my other two brothers were [Boeing] B17 [Flying Fortress] bombers.</p>
<p>And, uh, I—I just liked the water. I thought I would be better off in the Navy. Might as well do something I like, than[?] rather[?]—I had to go no matter what. I didn’t want to be drafted in the Army.</p>
<p><strong>Garcia<br /></strong>Where did you attend boot camp?</p>
<p><strong>Boffi <br /> </strong>I, uh, went to boot camp in Newport, Rhode Island. I reported there October 15<sup>th</sup>, 1942 and got in out March 1943. And they sent me to [inaudible] Institute in Boston[, Massachusetts], which is an engineering school. And I came out of there with a, uh—with a second class machinist MAT training.</p>
<p>It was so strange that, in those days, uh—that—that the commander of the school posted a notice one day saying anybody in the top five percentile for academics would be allowed the privilege of applying for Officer’s[sic] Candidate School. So I applied for it, and that’s all it says. And I walked up, and commander Cavinar[sp] was sitting at his desk, and I came in the door about that distance away, and he kind of looked up and says, “Frank, you don’t qualify.” I said, “But I’m in the top three percentile academically.” He said, “Yeah. Academically you can qualify, but you’re married.” They would not give you a rate[?] then—a commission [inaudible]. You had to be married first though—no. You—you couldn’t get married until after you got your commission. that’s what it was. So they refused to give me a commission.</p>
<p>And, uh, then later on when I worked[?] the ship got sunk, I was supposed to make chief June 1<sup>st</sup>, 1945. And we got sunk on the 11<sup>th</sup> of May of 1945. That’s when I wound up in a hospital bed for the next four and a half months. So they wouldn’t give me the chief’s rating, because you had to be with an active unit.</p>
<p>Now, today even, if you lost both legs, you’re still in the military, you get your rating or whatever. So, um, when they held its 90<sup>th</sup> birthday, the chiefs down here at NAWC [Naval Air Warfare Center] made me an honorary, um, chief with them. So I have a [U.S.] DOD [Department of Defense] certificate stating that I’m part of the chiefs’ at NAWCTSD in Orlando. They—they kind of glorified it and they gave me the rate. I asked them about it—OCS [Officer Candidate School] now, but they wouldn’t allow me [<em>clears throat</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Garcia<br /></strong>What was, uh, your first days of your service like?</p>
<p><strong>Boffi<br /></strong>Pardon?</p>
<p><strong>Garcia<br /></strong>What was the first day of your service like? First days.</p>
<p><strong>Boffi<br /></strong>Well, the—the first couple of days were interesting, because we had some boys from the Midwest area[?] they were Arkansans. We had to sleep on hammocks. In those days, in boot camp. And the hammock was strung up to the ceiling and you had what you called the” jack stand.” That’s a bar, and you would jump up and grab it and you’d pull your body up. And if you knew how to do it, you would open your hammock line with one leg and then pop your butt in and then—otherwise, you would just roll off the other side. and that’s what was happening to this one boy from Arkansas. He couldn’t—he’d get in one side and roll out the other one. He couldn’t get himself—so one night, the chief told a couple of us to “Go help that kid get in that hammock.” And, Uh, We raised the sides up, but in the morning he tried to get out and he’d fall out all the time. He was a character. He never did adjust to a hammock. We kept our hammocks as part of our sea bag. And I’ve used it two or three times at sea out here in the Atlantic [Ocean]. When we had a hurricane or real bad weather, the ship would go rocking and rolling too much. My buddy and I would go out and string up our hammock underneath the gun tug, where it would be dry, and sleep in the hammocks. We just—like a baby rocking in a crib.</p>
<p>But, um, yeah. The first ship was on was a 1918—it was commissioned in 1918—a World War I destroyer. It was an old four stacker, and we called them “rust buckets.” But Then [<em>clears throat</em>]—and we made the three invasions of, um, [inaudible] Sicily, Salerno, Italy, and, um—what was the last one? One of the—one—I forget the name of that one. Oh, [inaudible]. My memory is failing me, but we made the two—three invasions in Sa—Sicily, Anzio Beach, Salerno—Anzio Beach. That’s what it is. Anzio Beach, Salerno, and, um, you know, Sicily.</p>
<p>We operated out of Oran[, Algeria], North Africa. That was kind of a[sic], uh, interesting—now that we have so much Muslim, uh, religion spreading out all over the world. There was a place in Oran that was called Medina. It was a, uh, sacred city with great big columns and you were not allowed in there unless you were a, um, Muslim religion[sic]. And my buddy and I didn’t believe it, so we started in there one day, and we get about three feet through the gates, all these Arabs started getting up from sitting on the sidewalk. And, um, we were lucky. I think I—I’m alive today, because the shore patrol was right there. They drive their Jeep in about three feet into the Medina, and told us to get in and they brought us back [inaudible].</p>
<p>And they told us that one of my friends, uh, Bill Suey[sp], came from Cranston, Rhode Island—.he and I went through school together. He went through Medina one night and came back in just his underwear—just his skivvies. He was lucky he got his life, but they took everything he had—his uniform, cigarettes, and—and they stripped him. They didn’t want us there. Basically, that’s what it was. We were invading their country and—and they—they didn’t realize that we were there protecting them from the Germans. I mean, they were losing their country to the Germans till we got there. And, um, so we saved them, but they’re still Muslim and that scares me till today—what’s happening in some of these cities. [<em>clears throat</em>] It’s a damn shame that we have to go through stuff, but I see it happening right now.</p>
<p><strong>Garcia<br /></strong>Now, uh, as an Italian [American], how did it feel invading Italy?</p>
<p><strong>Boffi<br /></strong>How did I feel being in Italy?</p>
<p><strong>Garcia<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Boffi<br /></strong>It was, uh, a good feeling. Because I was—my mom and my eldest brother came over in 1904. And this was 19—well, I didn’t get there until during the war, but I stayed in the Navy and I went back in 1950 with the ship I was on. And I got to meet my, uh, dad’s two brothers, and my cousins, and my mom’s half-sister.</p>
<p>And her—this one half-sister has three—three daughters. And they came to my uncle’s house and the eldest—eldest daughter was, um, just—just under 18. She was a senior in—in high school—equivalent to our schedule setup. And, um, she was so excited that I was talking to an Italian in English and all that. And she kept patting my knee, and the moms kept telling them, “Don’t touch him. he’s an American sailor.” She said, “But he’s my cousin.” She said, “I don’t care if he’s your brother. Don’t lo—don’t touch him. He’s an American sailor.” But that was the kind of reputation we had all over the world. The—the sailors were people [<em>coughs</em>] [<em>clears throat</em>].</p>
<p>And I had one other cousin, who had a close friend of his who was a [Papal] Swiss Guard in the Vatican. So I got to, uh, go places in the Vatican that the general public had never been to. And we got way down deep into the catacombs,<a title="">[2]</a> where they used to bury all the priests and the bishops and whatever. There—it was kind of an eerie feeling being down there with all these caskets on both sides. And these guys didn’t realize that they’ve been buried there for a hundred years or longer. That was something that the general public never saw, but I got to see it because of my cousin’s—Tom’s—friend was a Swiss Guard. He allowed me to go down there [<em>clears throat</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Garcia<br /></strong>Now what—what was…</p>
<p><strong>Boffi<br /></strong>[<em>clears throat</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Garcia<br /></strong>What your experience during the actual battles?</p>
<p><strong>Boffi<br /></strong>What was what?</p>
<p><strong>Garcia<br /></strong>What your experience during the actual battles themselves?</p>
<p><strong>Boffi<br /></strong>Well, um, uh, the, uh—at the Anzio Beach location, I was on deck and that was a, uh, a 50 millimeter—50 caliber machine gun. And that really was the only action I’ve ever—I’ve ever seen. Because, um, normally, I would be engine room. You would not see any action. And, uh, It’s so strange that now I—you know, there were three destroyers in our squadron. We were all—we were all World War I destroyers. And they, uh, used us as decoys. The American government had no, um, um, information as to where the gun emplacements were. So they—the three destroyers were supposed to go in, approach the beach with all their lights out [inaudible]. And at midnight, put on our search light. We had a great big, regular search light they use at airports. And, uh, there was total darkness. I couldn’t see you guys as dark as it was. And all of a sudden, at midnight, when we put our search lights on, all hell—the beach just broke all out, and I jumped.</p>
<p>And I found out later that that was a trigger, because I was subject to that for a long, long time. I mean, if we walked—if I walked in this room and someone tried to put the—somebody put the light on, I would react to it. And Now I—I found out that eventually, training with the VA [Veterans Administration] and, um—my son, um, met the woman who was the CO of the Purple Heart Association.<a title="">[3]</a> And she sent me a book, and then I read that—<em>Tears of a Warrior</em>[<em>: A Family's Story of Combat and Living with PTSD</em>] it’s called. I found out that that was only a “trigger,” that they called them. And so I finally got myself to overcome that, and it doesn’t bother me anymore now, but Going into this totally dark room and somebody put the light on. But—and I do it every night when I go home. It’s be totally dark in the house and I flip my own light on, but I don’t react to it anymore like I used to. ‘Cause I suddenly realized that it was just something that was back here and I had to weed it out of my system.</p>
<p>But, uh, normally, I saw no action on my—the—on the [USS <em>Hugh W.</em>] <em>Hadley</em>. I didn’t see any action, until we got, uh, blown out of the engine room—came topside. And to this day, I don’t remember seeing any action then. And I found out from Captain [Doug] Aiken, who’s retired—he was a lieutenant on the <em>Hadley</em>. I asked him how long we were—were in the water, and he said about two and a half hours before we were picked up. And I’ve got—if you want me to email you, I’ve got the picture of that, uh—the ship picking up the survivors and I’ve got the DVD that I can send you and incorporate it with part[?] of yours. It shows a Kamikaze hitting the water and showed the—the bomb going off—something like that. I can get you a copy of those if you—if you wish. They’re not copyrighted at all, so you’re welcome to do with it what—whatever you want with ‘em [<em>clears throat</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Garcia<br /></strong>And so you—you said you were—you were sent in as a decoy. Once—once, like, you complete your mission, did they figure out where the emplacements were and then did you guys leave after that?</p>
<p><strong>Boffi<br /></strong>Well, we didn’t really leave the battle area. We went out on, uh, screening. They called it “screening.” You had two or three destroyers. Well, that day, there were like 15 destroyers out there. And just—you stayed off the beach about three or four miles and tried to shoot down the planes that were coming in to attack our troops. And they were coming in to hit our supply ships [inaudible]. So we were on—on the screening most of the time, at the—Of course, I wasn’t there, but the ship was. I was in the hospital. That was—let’s see—May, June—two and a half months in the, uh, ten city hospital. We called it “ten city” in Tinian Island, which is part of the Marianas.<a title="">[4]</a></p>
<p>And, uh, In July of ’45, they sent me to a naval receiving hospital in San Francisco, California. stayed there a couple of weeks, and from there, they sent me to a psychiatric hospital up in Coeur d’Alene, Idaho, because I was getting a severe—I mean, real bad headaches. It was the back of my head and they thought I was going crazy, I guess. It was just blast concussion. It finally settled down. And after about six—I think six or eight weeks in Coeur d’Alene, I was transferred on down to Sun Valley, Idaho, in which there was a naval recuperation hospital. And then, in October of ’45, they transferred me to Fort Lewis, Washington. And, um, from there, to Boston to be discharged in November of 1945 [<em>clears throat</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Garcia<br /></strong>Alright. And, um,what—when, uh—you said that you were on, um—what was the name of the first ship you were on?</p>
<p><strong>Boffi<br /></strong>The USS <em>Bernadou</em>, B-E-R-N-A-D-O-U.</p>
<p><strong>Garcia<br /></strong>And, um, how did you, like—and then you transferred to the <em>Hadley</em>?</p>
<p><strong>Boffi<br /></strong>No. They sent me to school for—the <em>Hadley</em> was so called “new construction.” It was a, uh, bigger class destroyer, and it was higher pressure. We operated at 600 pounds of pressure steam on the <em>Hadley</em>, and the <em>Bernadou</em> was only 250. So I went to North Virginia to school for 12 weeks.</p>
<p>And then I went out to, um, San Pedro, California, and I was part of the 14 people that was the skeleton crew to watch the ship being built. That was quite interesting. And, you know, we saw them lay the keel hull in the dry dock. And we—we had to be in the dry dock every morning at eight o’ clock. That’s where they held quarters. And we literally watched the ship being built. Every—every bit of welding they did, we were there. There were 14 of us: one officer, and, uh, I think two chiefs, myself, another 1<sup>st</sup> class in engineering, and there, um—some other guys from other rates I don’t know—the yeoman[?] and [inaudible]. But, um—so I was on it when it went into the water in October of 1945—I mean ’44 — and we were sunk May of 1945. so it didn’t last very long.</p>
<p><strong>Garcia<br /></strong>That was…</p>
<p><strong>Boffi<br /></strong>[<em>clears throat</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Garcia<br /></strong>That was during the Invasion of Okinawa[, Japan]?<a title="">[5]</a></p>
<p><strong>Boffi<br /></strong>Yes.</p>
<p><strong>Garcia<br /></strong>And what—what was your experience in that battle?</p>
<p><strong>Boffi<br /></strong>My experience? Well, I didn’t see any action, because I was down in the engine room all the time.</p>
<p><strong>Garcia<br /></strong>When you were in the engine room, what—like, what was your job, per se?</p>
<p><strong>Boffi<br /></strong>Well, to keep the ship moving. We had to keep the engines running, and, um— because if you lose your engines, then you are a dead, still target. Then they just blow you out of the water. So, uh—as a matter of fact, Marc [Ennis] is in simulation, and we had no simulators in those days. And I was—I had my pump man and my messenger blindfolded when they were on the lower level, where all the pumps are. And they had the second level was the operating deck—the control deck.</p>
<p>And I had them blindfolded, and the Chief Engineer comes down and he says, “Boffi, we don’t have any time for this blind man’s bluff games and stuff like that.” I said, “We’re not playing games, sir. I’m teaching these guys to know the engine room blindfolded.” That’s the first thing you lose on any situation is power. I mean, right now, if the power went off, we would be in a darkened room. So I said,” I’m trying teach them how to get out of there—this engine room.” And to this day, I think we all come[?]—[Don] Hackler, my master, was the last one to leave the engine room. We seemed to think he slipped down the ladder. he didn’t make it. Speedo, my bunkman, and myself got out. And that was the— Speedo got out first, and then I was second, and Hackler was—and he was only 17 years old. He had been in the Navy like 81 days. At the end of the war, they were taking real young kids in, with hardly any training at all. And, uh, Don Hackler—I think it was his name—and he was the only one that didn’t survive the—in that engine room. We lost, uh, everybody in the forward fire room, plus there were other people on deck. I think there were about 18 casualties that—fatalities that morning of the attack [<em>clears throat</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Garcia<br /></strong>Uh,Going back a little bit, what—what was…</p>
<p><strong>Boffi<br /></strong>[<em>coughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Garcia<br /></strong>Saily life like on the Navy vessel?</p>
<p><strong>Boffi<br /></strong>A normal day?</p>
<p><strong>Garcia<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Boffi<br /></strong>Normally, you get up at about five—normally, you get up about 5:30 for regular crew. But in engineering, you’re—you’re on four hours and off eight. So we would be getting up at like 3:15 in the morning for the four to eight watch. And, uh, for the midnight watch, you got on—you had to be up by quarter to 12, and that ran to—to quarter to four, and that ran to quarter to eight. And, um, once you got in the engine room though, there was no—I didn’t do much. I just sat there, che—checked the other guys, and did some checking of equipment, and stuff like that. But—mostly management. I didn’t really do anything. There was nothing you could do. Just be ready to—if you did take a hit, be ready, you know, do—to you could react. Do what you had to do.</p>
<p><strong>Garcia<br /></strong>And you told us about…</p>
<p><strong>Boffi<br /></strong>[<em>coughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Garcia<br /></strong>Some of the, uh, recreational things you did while you were in Italy and Africa. Were there anything in the Pacific—any areas In the Pacific that you got to experience in the Pacific?</p>
<p><strong>Boffi<br /></strong>No. I never got off the ship. We never had any liberty and such. So I know noth—nothing about the Pacific Ocean, other—other than being aboard a ship. We did hit Pearl Harbor[, Hawaii] before—on the way up there—that area. We had about three days in Pearl Harbor. and that was my only experience in Hawaii for a long time. But, uh, you know, you pull into a Navy base and you really have nothing to do. most of them are kind of isolated away from the normal public. We didn’t have the, uh—the glory of—the liberty, so to speak. We got four hours off. Didn’t have enough time to run into town, grab a couple of beers, hopefully get lucky and get a woman, and back to the ship [<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Garcia<br /></strong>[<em>laughs</em>]. And, um…</p>
<p><strong>Boffi<br /></strong>[<em>coughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Garcia<br /></strong>What—What was it like when you left the Navy—like, coming home?</p>
<p><strong>Boffi<br /></strong>Well, I—I went to work for the power company. I—I wanted to—see, I used to work in jewelry—jewelry manufacturing, when I was in high school. After I got out of high school, and I told my wife—said, “I’m—I’m going to go into something that was going to be a career, like…” So I—I went to the power company, and after I got into trouble with that union, they run me off.</p>
<p>So I got an insurance job as an engineer. And I inspected elevators and boilers, held safety meetings. Then I, um—April 1<sup>st</sup>, 1970, when the OSHA [Occupational Safety and Health Act] law came into being, it was signed by the President<a title="">[6]</a> as the—a law of the land. And I went to, uh, what is now the University of Southern Florida<a title="">[7]</a> and took a two day exam—two eight hour exams—for, uh, my—they call it Certi—CSP—Certified Safety Professional. And, um, I passed that, so they gave me the designation. That’s what I was when I retired—a Certified Safety Professional.</p>
<p>When I was, uh, working for the insurance company, I—I did the service for a lot of power utilities and inspected elevators in a lot of buildings. My territory included Puerto Rico, the [U.S.] Virgin Islands, and [the] Bahamas. It was a tough territory to—to take care of. And, Uh, Every other month, my wife would go with me and go on the beach, where we would get the hotel in San Juan[, Puerto Rico]. I’d go do my job, and then we would fly over to Saint Thomas[, U.S. Virgin Islands] and Saint Croix[, U.S. Virgin Islands]. I—I really enjoyed it. I—I—I did 50 years in the insurance industry. The, um—I retired March 1<sup>st</sup> of ’84, and then I re—they called me back. And then I retired again in—in 2001, I think it was. In 2006, they forced me to retire. They said I was too old at 84 years old to be inspecting boilers and elevators and all that kind of stuff, so I finally decided [inaudible].</p>
<p><strong>Garcia<br /></strong>And, Um, Were you awarded any medals or citations? [inaudible]…</p>
<p><strong>Boffi<br /></strong>I have a Purple Heart for my injuries, and I’ve got, uh, three battle stars for the Mediterranean, three warzones, and three battles. And I’ve got, um, one battle for the, uh, Pacific. Other than that, uh, no high rating. Um, medals or anything.</p>
<p><strong>Garcia<br /></strong>Um,What values or characteristics of the Navy do you believe made an impression on—on your life?</p>
<p><strong>Boffi<br /></strong>I think the camaraderie. There’s something about the Navy that the Army and the Marines never had. Uh, Like Mark, anybody would do anything for anyone else, if they were Navy. And I’m not sure that was true in the Army or the Marine Corps. My son became a Marine. He was in, uh, six years during the Vietnam [War] era. And, uh, I didn’t notice the camaraderie with them as I did in the Navy. And to this day, like I said, I go to NAWC every single day. They say I’m there more than people who get paid to be there. They don’t even show up and I’m there every morning.</p>
<p><strong>Garcia<br /></strong>And What was the most valuable lesson that you learned during your time?</p>
<p><strong>Boffi<br /></strong>I’m sorry?</p>
<p><strong>Garcia<br /></strong>What was the most valuable lesson you learned during your time in the Navy?</p>
<p><strong>Boffi<br /></strong>Well, I think that you treat everybody that you would want to be treated, for one thing. The only thing that used to really bother me and still does to this day is these ethnic groups that come [inaudible]—the— immigrants—they come over here and they want us to change to be whatever they are, you know? The Hispanics or Chinese or—I mean, when you come over here, be an American. I can still hear my dad when I was a youngster, he kept saying this great…</p>
<p><strong>Boffi<br /></strong>And he, uh—to this day, I have arguments with some of these people. I am not an Italian. I’m of Italian heritage, but I was born in this country and I’m an American. I fought in several wars—battles—for the Americans. And I’d—I’d do it again if I had to, if that were necessary [<em>clears throat</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Garcia<br /></strong>And What do you think former Navy personnel would like to see or be reminded of when they visit—revisit the site of the base<a title="">[8]</a> and the Lone Sailor Project Memorial?</p>
<p><strong>Boffi<br /></strong>What do I think of the—I think it’s going to bring back a lot of memories of a lot of people. I—I just—befriended—well, ,I’ve been friends with him for about a year and a half at the Moose Club. I didn’t know he was a photographer in the Army. And then, when he go out of the Army, he took all the photographs to the Navy base, where Mark graduated from, and he took all the shots over the Cape [Canaveral]. He went for the Cape. So, uh, that was kind of interesting.</p>
<p>He’s telling—he was telling Mark and myself about, um, incidents that had happened there before. And, uh, he’s going to be one of our guests at the next Navy League luncheon, I think. He can tell us some of the things that are interesting. Me[sic] and Mark were talking about those days.</p>
<p>I had no idea that there was a boot camp here. I lived up in, um, Miami since ’66, and never had an idea that there was a boot camp in Florida. So That was kind of a shock to me that I got up here and found out there was a boot camp there. I probably would have come up every weekend and go there and visit. I—I would have befriended—I would have taken the, uh, transfer—my company travels insurance wanted transferred me up here in, uh, ’69, I think it was. and I refused it. I wanted to stay around the Miami area, but, uh, if I would have known there was a boot camp up there in the Navy, um, influence, I think I would have—would have transferred.</p>
<p><strong>Garcia<br /></strong>Is there anything else you would like to share about your Navy experience?</p>
<p><strong>Boffi<br /></strong>It’s really helped me a lot, both psychologically and physically. I see they treat people here at NAWC. They really respect me. They show me a lot of respect. They all treat me as though I’m family. Officers, business people, and whatever. I’m just part of their big family and I enjoy it. That’s why I go every day.</p>
<p><strong>Garcia<br /></strong>Thank you, Mr. Boffi.</p>
<p><strong>Boffi<br /></strong>Thank you very much, and good luck in your ventures.</p>
<div><br /><div>
<p><a title="">[1]</a> Boffi and his wife.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="">[2]</a> Vatican Necropolis.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="">[3]</a> Correction: Purple Heart Foundation.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="">[4]</a> Northern Mariana Islands.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="">[5]</a> Battle of Okinawa, codenamed Operation Iceberg.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="">[6]</a> Richard Milhous Nixon.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="">[7]</a> Correction: University of South Florida.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="">[8]</a> Naval Training Center (NTC) Orlando.</p>
</div>
</div>
Allied Invasion of Sicily
Anzio Beach, Italy
Arabs
Attack of Pearl Harbor
Battle of Anzio
Battle of Okinawa
battle stars
Bill Suey
boot camps
Boston, Massachusetts
camaraderie
catacombs
Cavinar
Certified Safety Professional
Coeur d'Alene, Idaho
construction
Cranston, Rhode Island
CSP
decoys
destroyers
Don Hackler
Doug Aiken
drafts
engineering
engineers
FDR
Fort Lewis
Frank V. Boffi
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Franklin Delano Rooosevelt
Frontline of Anzio and Nettuno
Great Depression
hammocks
health care
hospitals
immigrants
immigration
insurance
Islam
Italian Americans
Italian Campaign
Italy
jack stands
Kamikazes
Lone Sailor Memorial Project
Luis Santana Garcia
machinists
Marc Ennis
Mark Barnes
Mediterranean Seas
mental health
Moose Club
Muslims
Naval Air Warfare Center
Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division
Naval Training Center Orlando
Navy League
NAWC
NAWCTSD
New Deal
Newport, Rhode Island
North Africa
NTC Orlando
Occupational Safety and Health Act
OCS
Officer Candidate School
Okinawa, Japan
Operation Husky
Operation Iceberg
Operation Shingle
Oran, Algeria
orlando
OSHA
Pacific Theater
Purple Heart Foundation
Purple Hearts
retirement
San Francisco, California
San Pedro, California
screening
skeleton crews
Speedo
Sun Valley, Idaho
Tears of a Warrior: A Family's Story of Combat and Living with PTSD
Tinian, Northern Mariana Islands
training
Trigger
U.S. Navy
UCF
UCF Community Veterans History Project
UCF CVHP
University of Central Florida
University of South Florida
USF
USS Bernadou
USS Brownson
USS Fiske
USS Hugh W. Hadley
VA
Vatican
Vatican City
Vatican Necropolis
veterans
Veterans Administration
wars
Works Progress Administration
World War II
WPA
WWII
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A History of Central Florida Collection
Alternative Title
History of Central Florida Collection
Subject
Podcasts
Documentaries
Description
A History of Central Florida Podcast series explores Central Florida's history through the artifacts found in local area museums and historical societies.
Contributor
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
Cassanello, Robert
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/70" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida.
Language
eng
Type
Collection
Coverage
Altoona, Florida
Astor, Florida
Brevard County, Florida
Bushnell, Florida
Clermont, Florida
Cocoa Beach, Florida
Daytona Beach, Florida
DeLand, Florida
Disston City, Florida
Fort King, Florida
Geneva, Florida
Goldenrod, Florida
Groveland, Florida
Holly Hill, Florida
Hontoon Island, DeLand, Florida
Jacksonville, Florida
Kissimmee, Florida
Lake Apopka, Florida
Lake County, Florida
Lake Mary, Florida
Marion County, Florida
Merritt Island, Florida
Miami, Florida
Mims, Florida
Mount Dora, Florida
Newnans Lake, Gainesville, Florida
New Smyrna, Florida
New Smyrna Beach, Florida
Ocala, Florida
Ocklawaha River, Florida
Orlando, Florida
Ormond Beach, Florida
Osceola County, Florida
Sanford, Florida
Silver Springs, Florida
St. Augustine, Florida
St. Cloud, Florida
St. Johns River, Florida
St. Petersburg, Florida
Tampa, Florida
Tavares, Florida
Weirsdale, Florida
Winter Garden, Florida
Winter Park, Florida
Ybor City, Tampa, Florida
Rights Holder
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>
Contributing Project
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
External Reference
"<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php.
Moving Image
A series of visual representations that, when shown in succession, impart an impression of motion.
Original Format
1 podcast
Duration
12 minutes and 43 seconds
Compression
137kbps
Producer
Cassanello, Robert A.
Director
Stapleton, Kevin
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A History of Central Florida, Episode 49: La Garita
Alternative Title
La Garita Podcast
Subject
Podcasts
Documentaries
Orlando (Fla.)
San Juan (P.R.)
Immigrants--Florida
Immigration
Puerto Ricans--Florida
Description
Episode 49 of A History of Central Florida podcasts: La Garita. RICHES Podcast Documentaries are short form narrative documentaries that explore Central Florida history and are locally produced. These podcasts can involve the participation or cooperation of local area partners.<br /><br />Episode 49 features a discussion of La Garita. This podcast also includes interviews with Dr. Gary R. Mormino of the University of South Florida at St. Petersburg, Luis Martínez-Fernández of the University of Central Florida, and Harry Pecunia of the Asociación Borinqueña de la Florida Central.
Type
Moving Image
Source
Original 12-minute and 43-second podcast by Kevin Stapleton, 2015: RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Orlando, Florida. <a href="https://youtu.be/EduFzw7pC1E" target="_blank">https://youtu.be/EduFzw7pC1E</a>.
Requires
<a href="http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer/" target="_blank"> Adobe Flash Player</a>
Application software, such as <a href="http://java.com/en/download/index.jsp" target="_blank"> Java</a>
Is Part Of
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>, Orlando, Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/137" target="_blank">A History of Central Florida Collection</a>, RICHES Podcast Documentaries Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
Coverage
Orlando, Florida
Asociación Borinqueña de la Florida Central, Orlando, Florida
Asociación Borinqueña de la Florida Central, Orlando, Florida
Garita del Diablo, San Juan, Puerto Rico
Creator
Stapleton, Kevin
Publisher
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>
Contributor
Mormino, Gary R.
Martínez-Fernández, Luis
Pecunia, Harry
Cassanello, Robert
Clarke, Bob
Gibson, Ella Hazen, Kendra
Kelley, Katie
Velásquez, Daniel
Silver, Patricia
Ruiz, Ramon Luis
<a href="https://www.thehistorycenter.org/" target="_blank">Orange County Regional History Center</a>
Date Created
ca. 2015-06-09
Date Issued
2015-06-09
Date Copyrighted
2015-06-09
Format
application/website
Extent
52.2 MB
Medium
12-minute and 43-second podcast
Language
eng
Mediator
History Teacher
Geography Teacher
Provenance
Originally created by Kevin Stapleton and published by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES.</a>
Rights Holder
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>
Accrual Method
Item Creation
Contributing Project
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
External Reference
Duany, Jorge, and Félix V. Matos Rodríguez. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/66525859" target="_blank"><em>Puerto Ricans in Orlando and Central Florida</em></a>. New York, N.Y.: Centro de Estudios Puertorriqueños, Hunter College (CUNY), 2006.
Click to View (Movie, Podcast, or Website)
<a href="https://youtu.be/EduFzw7pC1E" target="_blank">A History of Central Florida, Episode 49: La Garita</a>
A History of Central Florida
Asociación Borinqueña de la Florida Central
Bob Clarke
Central Florida Puerto Rican Association
Chip Ford
colonial
colonization
colony
Daniel Velásquez
Devil's Sentry Box
Econlockhatchee Trail
Ella Gibson
exploration
Gary R. Mormino
Harry Pecunia
Hispanic
immigrant
immigration
Kendra Hazen
Kevin Stapleton
La Gartia
Latino
Luis Martínez-Fernández
migrant
New Spain
OCRHC
Orange County Regional History Center
Patricia Silver
podcast
Public Super Markets
Publix Sabor
Puerto Rican
Puerto Rico
Ramon Luis Ruiz
Robert Cassanello
San Juan, Puerto Rico
sentry box
Spain
Spanish
territory
UCF
University of Central Florida
University of South Florida
USF
Valencia College Lane
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A History of Central Florida Collection
Alternative Title
History of Central Florida Collection
Subject
Podcasts
Documentaries
Description
A History of Central Florida Podcast series explores Central Florida's history through the artifacts found in local area museums and historical societies.
Contributor
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
Cassanello, Robert
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/70" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida.
Language
eng
Type
Collection
Coverage
Altoona, Florida
Astor, Florida
Brevard County, Florida
Bushnell, Florida
Clermont, Florida
Cocoa Beach, Florida
Daytona Beach, Florida
DeLand, Florida
Disston City, Florida
Fort King, Florida
Geneva, Florida
Goldenrod, Florida
Groveland, Florida
Holly Hill, Florida
Hontoon Island, DeLand, Florida
Jacksonville, Florida
Kissimmee, Florida
Lake Apopka, Florida
Lake County, Florida
Lake Mary, Florida
Marion County, Florida
Merritt Island, Florida
Miami, Florida
Mims, Florida
Mount Dora, Florida
Newnans Lake, Gainesville, Florida
New Smyrna, Florida
New Smyrna Beach, Florida
Ocala, Florida
Ocklawaha River, Florida
Orlando, Florida
Ormond Beach, Florida
Osceola County, Florida
Sanford, Florida
Silver Springs, Florida
St. Augustine, Florida
St. Cloud, Florida
St. Johns River, Florida
St. Petersburg, Florida
Tampa, Florida
Tavares, Florida
Weirsdale, Florida
Winter Garden, Florida
Winter Park, Florida
Ybor City, Tampa, Florida
Rights Holder
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>
Contributing Project
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
External Reference
"<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php.
Moving Image
A series of visual representations that, when shown in succession, impart an impression of motion.
Original Format
1 podcast
Duration
16 minutes and 2 seconds
Compression
134kbps
Producer
Cassanello, Robert
Director
Hazen, Kendra
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A History of Central Florida, Episode 45: Diploma Plate
Alternative Title
Diploma Plate Podcast
Subject
Podcasts
Documentaries
University of Central Florida
Education--Florida
Orlando (Fla.)
Description
Episode 45 of A History of Central Florida podcasts: Diploma Plate. RICHES Podcast Documentaries are short form narrative documentaries that explore Central Florida history and are locally produced. These podcasts can involve the participation or cooperation of local area partners.<br /><br />Episode 45 features a discussion about the charter class and first graduating class of Florida Technological University (present-day University of Central Florida), as well as a diploma plate displayed at the University of Central Florida Libraries in Orlando, Florida. This podcast also includes interviews with Dr. Christopher Loss of Vanderbilt University, Retha Riley Underwood, Dr. Robert Bledsoe of the University of Central Florida, Joyce Hart Perkins, Mike Canavan, and Richard King.
Creator
Hazen, Kendra
Source
Original 16-minute and 2-second podcast by Kendra Hazen, 2015: RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Orlando, Florida. <a href="https://youtu.be/jAX3sVD8NuE" target="_blank">https://youtu.be/jAX3sVD8NuE</a>.
Publisher
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>
Date Created
ca. 2015-03-30
Date Copyrighted
2015-03-30
Contributor
Loss, Christopher
Underwood, Retha Riley
Bledsoe, Robert
Perkins, Joyce Hart
Canavan, Mike
King, Richard
Cassanello, Robert
Dickens, Bethany
Clarke, Bob
Ford, Chip
Gibson, Ella
Kelley, Katie
Velásquez, Daniel
<a href="http://library.ucf.edu/about/departments/special-collections-university-archives/" target="_blank">University of Central Florida Special Collections and University Archives</a>
<a href="http://www.floridamemory.com/" target="_blank">Florida Memory Project</a>
Is Part Of
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>, Orlando, Florida.<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/137" target="_blank"><br /></a>
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/137" target="_blank">A History of Central Florida Collection</a>, RICHES Podcast Documentaries Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
Requires
<a href="http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer/" target="_blank"> Adobe Flash Player</a>
<a href="http://java.com/en/download/index.jsp" target="_blank"> Java</a>
Format
application/website
Extent
209 MB
Medium
16-minute and 2-second podcast
Language
eng
Type
Moving Image
Coverage
Florida Technological University, Orlando, Florida
University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
University of Central Florida Libraries, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
Accrual Method
Item Creation
Mediator
History Teacher
Civics/Government Teacher
Geography Teacher
Provenance
Originally created by Kendra Hazen and published by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>.
Rights Holder
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>
Contributing Project
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
External Reference
"<a href="http://www.ucf.edu/50/history/" target="_blank">History</a>." University of Central Florida. http://www.ucf.edu/50/history/.
Holic, Nathan. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/424558752" target="_blank"><em>University of Central Florid</em></a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Pub, 2009.
Click to View (Movie, Podcast, or Website)
<a href="https://youtu.be/jAX3sVD8NuE" target="_blank">A History of Central Florida, Episode 45: Diploma Plate</a>
A History of Central Florida
activism
anti-war
Army
astronaut
BJC
Bledsoe, Robert
Boca Raton
Bradenton
Brevard Junior College
Canavan, Mike
Cental Florida Junior College
CFJC
Chipola Junior College
CJC
Clarke, Bob
Cocoa
cold war
college
commencement
construction
Davis, Henry
Daytona Beach
Daytona Beach Junior College
DBJC
demonstration
diploma
East Central University
ECU
Edison Junior College
education
educator
EJC
FAMU
FAU
female
Florida A&M University
Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University
Florida Atlantic Unviersity
Florida Institute for Continuing University Studies
Florida Legislature
Florida Technological University
Ford, Chip
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers
FTU
Gainesville
GCJC
GI Bill
Gibbs Junior College
Gibson, Ella
GJCl St. Petersburg
Goff, Tom
Gougleman, Paul
government assistance
graduation
Grant
Gray, Ben
Gulf Coast Junior College
Hampton Junior College
Hazen, Kendra
HEA
higher education
Higher Education Act of 1965
Hill, Hank
HJC
homemaker
honors convocation
housing
Indian River Junior College
IRJC
Jackson Junior College
JCBC
JJC
Johnson Junior College
junior college
Junior College of Broward County
Kelley, Katie
Kent State University
Kent State University Shootings
Key West
King, Richard
KSU
Lake City
Lake City Junior College
Lake Worth
Lake-Sumter Junior College
LCJC
Leesburg
legislative branch
legislature
Lenfest, Gene
Lincoln Junior College
LJC
loan
Loss, Christopher
LSJC
Madison
Manatee Junior College
Marianna
MDJC
Men's Residence Association
Miami- Dade County
Miami-Dade Junior College
Millican, Charles Norman
MJC
Monroe Junior College
MRA
Municipal Auditorium
NASA
National Aeronautics and Astronautics Administration
National Defense Education Act
NDEA
NFJC
North Florida Junior College
Ocala
OCRHC
Okaloose-Walton Junior College
Orange County Regional History Center
orlando
OWJC
Palatka
Palm Beach Junior College
Panama City
PBJC
peace
peace movement
Pegasus Drive
Pensacola
Pensacola Junior College
Perkins, Joyce Hart
PJC
podcast
political activism
professor
protest
public college
public junior college
public state university
public university
Richard, Hank
RICHES
RJC
Robert Cassanello
Roosevelt Junior College
Rosenwald Junior College
Rowley, Ken
school
Sebastian, Dave
self-determination
Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944
SJRJC
space program
SPJC
SRJC
St. Johns River Junior College
St. Petersburg Junior College
strike
student
student government
student grant
student housing
student loan
Sun Belt
Suwannee River Junior College
Tallahassee
Tampa
teacher
U.S. Army
UCF
UF
Underwood, Retha Riley
Univerity of Florida
university
University of Central Florida
University of Central Florida Libraries
University of South Florida
University of West Florida
USF
UWF
Valparaiso Junior College
Vanderbilt University
VCJC
Velásquez, Daniel
veteran
Vietnam War
Volusia County Junior College
VU
Washington Junior College
West Palm Beach Junior College
Wetherington, Mike
Wightman, Ed
WJC
woman
Woods, Pauk
work-study program
yearbrook
Young, John W.
-
https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/8c6b1db28cdb043850980335706ea3d9.pdf
4f9d0addbae766c3e9267d349063b64a
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
General Collection
Description
Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around.
Florida was first inhabited by Paleo-Indians as early as 14,000 years ago. By the 16th century, several distinct Native American tribes inhabited present-day Florida, primarily the Apalachee of the Panhandle, the Timucua of North and Central Florida), the Ais of the Central Atlantic Coast, the Tocobaga of the Tampa Bay area, the Calusa of Southwest Florida, and the Tequesta of the Southeast Florida.
In 1513, Juan Ponce de León of Spain became the earliest known European explorer to arrive in Florida. During the 16th, 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries, Spanish, French, and English pioneers settled various parts of the states, though not all settlement were successful. Most of the region was owned by Spain, until it was ceded to the United States via the Adams–Onís Treaty of 1819. On March 3, 1845, Florida earned statehood. Florida was marred by nearly constant warfare with the Native Americans in the region, particularly with the Seminoles during the Seminole Wars.
On January 10, 1861, Florida seceded from the Union and joined the Confederate States of American on January 20th. The state's participation in the Civil War revolved mostly around the transportation of goods via ships.
On June 25, 1868, Florida regained its representation in Congress. During the Reconstruction period, Florida drafted a new state constitution, which included statues that effectively disenfranchised its African-American citizens, as well as many poor white citizens.
Through much of its early history, Florida's economy relied heavily upon agriculture, especially citrus, cattle, sugarcane, tomatoes, and strawberries. Florida's tourism industry developed greatly with the economic prosperity of the 1920s. However, this was halted by devastating hurricanes in the second half of the decade, the Wall Street Crash of 1929, and the Great Depression. The economy would not fully recover until manufacturing was stimulated by World War II. As of 2014, Florida was the third most populous state in the country.
Contributor
Humphrey, Daphne F.
Alternative Title
General Collection
Subject
Florida
Eatonville (Fla.)
Orlando (Fla.)
Winter Park (Fla.)
Sanford (Fla.)
Daytona Beach (Fla.)
New Smyrna Beach (Fla.)
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>.
Language
eng
Type
Collection
Coverage
Eatonville, Florida
Orlando, Florida
Winter Park, Florida
Sanford , Florida
Daytona Beach, Florida
New Smyrna Beach, Florida
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
External Reference
"<a href="http://dos.myflorida.com/florida-facts/florida-history/" target="_blank">Florida History</a>." Florida Department of State. http://dos.myflorida.com/florida-facts/florida-history/.
<span>Knotts, Bob. </span><a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/49672975" target="_blank"><em>Florida History</em></a><span>. Chicago: Heinemann Library, 2003.</span>
Document
A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.
Original Format
44-page paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
To Attract, Retain and Grow: The History of the Florida High Tech Corridor Council
Alternative Title
History of Florida High Tech Corridor Council
Subject
High technology industries--United States
Orlando (Fla.)
Tampa (Fla.)
University of Central Florida
University of South Florida
Colleges
Universities and colleges
Hitt, John C.
Castor, Betty, 1941-
Education--Florida
Description
"To Attract, Retain and Grow: The History of the Florida High Tech Corridor Council" is a paper by Dr. Connie L. Lester and Dr. James C. Clark of the University of Central Florida (UCF). Dr. Lester is an Associate Professor of History concentrating in the Modern South, as well as agricultural, environmental, and economic history. She is also the Program Director of RICHES of Central Florida and Editor of <em>Florida Historical Quarterly</em>. A Lecturer of History, Dr. Clark's concentration is on Florida history, the American South, and presidential history. "To Attract, Retain and Grow" focuses on the history of the Florida High Tech Corridor Council (FHTCC), which an economic development initiative whose mission is to foster the high technology industry in Florida's High Tech Corridor, spanning 23 counties with rich industries in aerospace engineering, modeling and simulation, optics and photonics, digital media, and medical technologies. The council consists of the UCF in Orlando, the University of South Florida (USF) in Tampa, and the University of Florida (UF) in Gainesville. In 1966, the Florida Legislature passed an act founding the FHTCC to support the 21-county service areas of UCF and USF. Its original mission was to expand research and educational partnerships in order to retain the Cirent Semiconductor water fabrication facility located in Orlando, Florida. In 1997, the development of all technology industries across Central Florida was added to the FHTCC's mission. UF joined the partnership in 2005.
Abstract
This scientific study, conducted by the University of Central Florida’s history department, looks at the factors that contributed to the growth of the innovative technology clusters of Florida’s High Tech Corridor.
Type
Text
Source
Original 44-page paper: Lester, Connie L. and James C. Clark. "<a href="http://www.floridahightech.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Publications-To-Attract-Retain-and-Grow-Corridor-History.pdf" target="_blank">To Attract, Retain and Grow: The History of the Florida High Tech Corridor Council</a>."
Requires
a href="http://www.adobe.com/products/reader.html" target="_blank"&gt
Adobe Acrobat Reader
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/36" target="_blank">General Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida.
Coverage
University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
Creator
Lester, Connie L.
Clark, James C.
Publisher
<a href="http://www.floridahightech.com/%20target=">Florida High Tech Corridor Council</a>
Date Created
ca. 2103
Date Issued
ca. 2103
Date Copyrighted
ca. 2103
Date Submitted
ca. 2103
Format
application/pdf
Extent
447 KB
Medium
44-page paper
Language
eng
Mediator
History Teacher
Civics/Government Teacher
Economics Teacher
Geography Teacher
Humanities Teacher
Science Teacher
Provenance
Originally created by Dr. Connie L. Lester and James C. Clark, and published by the <a href="http://www.floridahightech.com/%20target=">Florida High Tech Corridor Council</a>.
Rights Holder
Copyright to this resource is held by the <a href="http://www.floridahightech.com/%20target=">Florida High Tech Corridor Council</a> and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only.
Accrual Method
Donation
Contributing Project
<a href="http://www.floridahightech.com/%20target=">Florida High Tech Corridor Council</a>
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
External Reference
"<a href="http://www.floridahightech.com/about/" target="_blank">ABOUT</a>." Florida High Tech Corridor. http://www.floridahightech.com/about/.
Burnett, Richard. "<a href="http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2010-09-19/business/os-cfb-tech-corridor-092010-20100919_1_grant-program-florida-high-tech-corridor-council-advocacy-group" target="_blank">Technology: Local council's grant program wins award</a>." <em>The Orlando Sentinel</em>, September 19, 2010. http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2010-09-19/business/os-cfb-tech-corridor-092010-20100919_1_grant-program-florida-high-tech-corridor-council-advocacy-group.
Florida High Tech Corridor Council. "<a href="http://www.floridahightech.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Press-Kit-florida.HIGH_.TECH-2014.pdf%20target=">florida.HIGH.TECH 2014: The Guide to Florida's High Tech Corridor</a>." Florida High Tech Corridor Council. http://www.floridahightech.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Press-Kit-florida.HIGH_.TECH-2014.pdf.
Manning, Margie. "<a href="http://www.bizjournals.com/tampabay/print-edition/2011/09/30/high-tech-corridor-matching-grants.html?page=all" target="_blank">High Tech Corridor matching grants create billion-dollar economic engine</a>." <em>Tampa Bay Business Journal</em>, September 30, 2010. http://www.bizjournals.com/tampabay/print-edition/2011/09/30/high-tech-corridor-matching-grants.html?page=all.
13 Technology Incubators
501(c)(6)
academia
academics
accelerators
aerospace
Agricultural College Act of 1890
agriculture
Alachua County
Alex Katsaros
Alex Spinler
Amy Bayes
Andrew Huse
AnnaLee Saxenian
Antoinette Jennings
AT&T Corporation
aviation
Barack Hussein Obama II
Barack Obama
Bernie Machen
Berridge Consulting Group, Inc.
Betty Bowe
Betty Castor
Brevard County
Bruce J. Schulman
Bruce Janz
Buddy Dyer
business
businesses
Center for Research and Education in Optics and Lasers
Central Florida Technology Forum
Charlie Reed
Cirent
Cirent Semiconductor
Clusters of Creativity: Enduring Lessons on Innovation and Entrepreneurship from Silicon Valley and Europe’s Silicon Fen
Cobham SATCOM Land Systems
colleges
computer science
Connie L. Lester
Consortium
construction
Core Tea
cybercities
Cybercities Report
cybercity
Dan Berglund
Dan Rini
Daniel Holsenbeck
Daniel Webster
Decade of Partnership
Deepika Singh
digital media
economic development
economic growth
economics
economies
economy
Ed Schons
Educational Appropriations Committee
educators
electro-optics
Electronic Arts Tiburon
Elizabeth Bowe
Elizabeth Castor
endowments
engineering
engineers
Equal Rights Amendment
ESC
Evaporative Spray Cooling
Feng Kang
Ferald J. Bryan
FHTCC
financial services
Florida Cabinet
Florida Cluster Metrics Task Force
Florida Economic Gardening Institute
Florida High Tech Corridor Council
Florida Hospital
Florida House of Representatives
Florida Institute of Technology
Florida Legislature
Florida Office of Tourism, Trade and Economic Development
Florida Research Consortium
Florida Senate
Florida State University System
Florida Tax Watch
Florida Venture Forum, Inc.
Florida Virtual Entrepreneur Center
florida.HIGH.TECH
Florida’s High Tech Corridor: Opening the Door to Florida’s Future
Florida’s Innovation Benchmark Study
FLVEC
From Soap Suds to Sheer Success: The Florida High-Tech Corridor Council Story
G.I. Bill
Georges Haour
Gordon Hogan
Grace Venture Partners L.P.
grants
GrowFL
GTE
Guy Hagen
Harris
Harvard of the South
Henderson Air Field
Henry W. Grady
Hernando County
high tech
high technology
higher education
Hillsborough County
Hillsborough County Commission
I-4
I-4 Corridor
I-4 High Tech Corridor Council
IFAS
incubators
industries
industry
information technology
Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences
interactive entertainment
Interactive Expeditions
International Economic Development Council
Interstate Highway 4
INTX
investments
J. William Fulbright Foreign Scholarship Board
Jack Sullivan
Jacob Stuart
James Bernard Machen
James C. Clark
James C. Cobb,
James Schnur
James Solomons
Jeb Bush
Jeff Bindell
Jennie Miller
Jim Clark
John C. Hitt
John Ellis Bush
John H. Dyer
John Montelione
John Sacher
Joseph England
Joseph Schumpeter
Josh Wyner
Juan Carlos Sanabria
Judy Genshaft
Judy Lynn Genshaft
Keith G, Baker
Kerry Martin
Kiran C. Patel Center for Global Solution
Lake County
lasers
life sciences
Lockheed Martin
Lucent Technologies
Luther H. Hodges
Luther Hartwell Hodges
M. J. Soileau
Madrid, Spain
manufacturing
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
matching funds
Matching Grants Research Program
Math & Physics Day
mechanical arts
medical technology
Melbourne
MGRP
microelectronics
microscopy
military
Miniature Refrigeration System
MIT
modeling
Morrill Act of 1862
Morrill Act of 1890
Morrill Land-Grant Acts
nanotechnology
NASA
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
National Board for Professional Teaching Standards
Ned Grace
New South
New South Ventures
Nicholson Center for Surgical Advancement
Ocean Optics
optics
Oracle
orange county
orlando
Orlando Chamber of Commerce
Orlando Science Center
OSC
Osceola County
Palm Bay
Pasco County
Peter Panousis
Philip Peters
photonics
Pinellas County
public-private partnerships
Putnam County
Randy E. Berridge
Regional Advantage: Culture and Competition in Silicon Valley and Route 128
research
Research and Commercialization
Research Triangle
Rob Koepp
robotics
Robotics Camp
ROBRADY
Roger Pynn
Rosalind Beiler
Route 128
Rudy McDaniel
Saint Petersburg
Sanford Shugart
Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute
Scanning Electron Microscope
Schwartz Electro-optics
Scot French
SeaWorld Orlando
SEM
semiconductors
Seminole County
Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944
Sestar Technologies
Silicon Fen
Silicon Valley
simulation
Sinmat
software
South Florida Community College
Southern Regional Education Board
Space Coast
St. Petersburg
Stanford University
STEM
SU
sustainable energy
Tampa
Tampa Bay
Tampa Bay Technology Forum
teachers
Tech 4 Consortium
Tech America Foundation
techCAMPs
Technology Incubator
techPATH
TES
The Corridor by the Numbers
The Scripps Research Institute
Thermal Energy Storage
Thomas Charles Feeney II
Tito Santiago
Tom Feeney
Tom O’Neal
Toni Jennings
TracStar Ed-PAD
training
UCF
UF
Universal Studios Orlando
universities
university
University of Central Florida
University of Florida
University of South Florida
USF
Valencia College
Valencia Community College
Valencia State College
VC
VCC
venture capital
Vicki Morelli
Volusia County
VSC
Walt Disney World
workforce development
World War II
WWII
-
https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/cd74f6d4f021c278f1ade750cb885974.pdf
bdd511db4f3e441d5ee27c985c92705a
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
General Collection
Description
Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around.
Florida was first inhabited by Paleo-Indians as early as 14,000 years ago. By the 16th century, several distinct Native American tribes inhabited present-day Florida, primarily the Apalachee of the Panhandle, the Timucua of North and Central Florida), the Ais of the Central Atlantic Coast, the Tocobaga of the Tampa Bay area, the Calusa of Southwest Florida, and the Tequesta of the Southeast Florida.
In 1513, Juan Ponce de León of Spain became the earliest known European explorer to arrive in Florida. During the 16th, 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries, Spanish, French, and English pioneers settled various parts of the states, though not all settlement were successful. Most of the region was owned by Spain, until it was ceded to the United States via the Adams–Onís Treaty of 1819. On March 3, 1845, Florida earned statehood. Florida was marred by nearly constant warfare with the Native Americans in the region, particularly with the Seminoles during the Seminole Wars.
On January 10, 1861, Florida seceded from the Union and joined the Confederate States of American on January 20th. The state's participation in the Civil War revolved mostly around the transportation of goods via ships.
On June 25, 1868, Florida regained its representation in Congress. During the Reconstruction period, Florida drafted a new state constitution, which included statues that effectively disenfranchised its African-American citizens, as well as many poor white citizens.
Through much of its early history, Florida's economy relied heavily upon agriculture, especially citrus, cattle, sugarcane, tomatoes, and strawberries. Florida's tourism industry developed greatly with the economic prosperity of the 1920s. However, this was halted by devastating hurricanes in the second half of the decade, the Wall Street Crash of 1929, and the Great Depression. The economy would not fully recover until manufacturing was stimulated by World War II. As of 2014, Florida was the third most populous state in the country.
Contributor
Humphrey, Daphne F.
Alternative Title
General Collection
Subject
Florida
Eatonville (Fla.)
Orlando (Fla.)
Winter Park (Fla.)
Sanford (Fla.)
Daytona Beach (Fla.)
New Smyrna Beach (Fla.)
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>.
Language
eng
Type
Collection
Coverage
Eatonville, Florida
Orlando, Florida
Winter Park, Florida
Sanford , Florida
Daytona Beach, Florida
New Smyrna Beach, Florida
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
External Reference
"<a href="http://dos.myflorida.com/florida-facts/florida-history/" target="_blank">Florida History</a>." Florida Department of State. http://dos.myflorida.com/florida-facts/florida-history/.
<span>Knotts, Bob. </span><a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/49672975" target="_blank"><em>Florida History</em></a><span>. Chicago: Heinemann Library, 2003.</span>
Oral History
A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge.
Interviewer
Lester, Connie L.
Clark, James C.
Interviewee
Hitt, John C.
Berridge, Randolph E.
Panousis, Peter T.
Holsenbeck, Dan
Martine, Carrie
Pynn, Roger
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Oral History of the Florida High-Tech Corridor Council
Alternative Title
Oral History of the Florida High-Tech Corridor Council
Subject
High technology--United States
Colleges
Universities
Orlando (Fla.)
Tampa (Fla.)
Gainesville (Fla.)
Description
An oral history interview of John C. Hitt, Randolph E. Berridge, Dr. Peter T. Panousis, Dan Holsenbeck, Carrie Martine, and Roger Pynn regarding the Florida High Tech Corridor Council. This interview conducted by Dr. Connie L. Lester and James C. Clark at the Board Room in the Office of University of Central Florida President John C. Hitt on December 3rd, 2012. The Florida High Tech Corridor Council (FHTCC) is an economic development initiative whose mission is to foster the high technology industry in Florida's High Tech Corridor, which spans 23 counties with rich industries in aerospace engineering, modeling and simulation, optics and photonics, digital media, and medical technologies. The council consists of the University of Central Florida (UCF) in Orlando, the University of South Florida (USF) in Tampa, and the University of Florida (UF) in Gainesville. In 1996, the Florida Legislature passed an act founding the FHTCC to support the 21-county service areas of UCF and USF. Its original mission was to expand research and educational partnerships in order to retain the Cirent Semiconductor water fabrication facility located in Orlando, Florida. In 1997, the development of all technology industries across Central Florida was added to the FHTCC's mission. UF joined the partnership in 2005.<br /><br />Interview topics include: how the High Tech Corridor Council began, the Dallas-Fort Worth Corridor in Texas, Charlie Reed, reinvesting the original funding, expanding partnerships, Silicon Valley, Lynda Weatherman and economic development in Brevard County, the “Core Team” and the “Pajama Hotline,” the Florida Virtual Entrepreneur Center, serving as a model for other regions, the role of venture capitalism, workforce development, the expansion of the corridor, the impact of the business community on approval of university projects, and future challenges.
Table Of Contents
0:00:01 Introduction<br />0:00:53 How the Florida High Tech Corridor Council began<br />0:07:24 Taking the plan to the Florida State Legislature<br />0:13:37 The Dallas-Fort Worth Corridor and project conception<br />0:20:11 Intellectual property<br />0:25:47 Charlie Reed<br />0:28:43 Reinvesting the original funding<br />0:31:10 Expanding partnerships and funding<br />0:35:57 Silicon Valley<br />0:40:02 Role of partnership in the success of the Corridor<br />0:48:18 Lynda Weatherman and Economic Development in Brevard County<br />0:51:01 “Core Team” and the “Pajama Hotline”<br />0:54:40 Florida Virtual Entrepreneur Center<br />0:58:46 A model for other regions<br />1:02:10 Growing and retaining versus buying jobs<br />1:13:27 Role of venture capitalism<br />1:20:35 Workforce development<br />1:27:52 Expansion of the Corridor<br />1:39:08 Impact of business community on approval of university projects<br />1:42:28 Future challenges
Abstract
Oral history interview of John C. Hitt, Randolph E. Berridge, Dr. Peter T. Panousis, Dan Holsenbeck, Carrie Martine, and Roger Pynn. Interview conducted by Dr. Connie L. Lester and James C. Clark.
Type
Moving Image
Source
Original 1-hour, 59-minute, and 19-second oral history: Hitt, John C., Randolph E. Berridge, Dr. Peter T. Panousis, Dan Holsenbeck, Carrie Martine, and Roger Pynn. Interviewed by Dr. Connie L. Lester and James C. Clark. December 3, 2012. Audio/video record available. <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>, Orlando, Florida.
Requires
<a href="http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer/" target="_blank"> Adobe Flash Player</a>
<a href="http://java.com/en/download/index.jsp" target="_blank"> Java</a>
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/collections/show/36" target="_blank">General Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida.
Has Format
50-paged typed digital transcript of original 1-hour, 59-minute, and 19-second oral history: Hitt, John C., Randolph E. Berridge, Dr. Peter T. Panousis, Dan Holsenbeck, Carrie Martine, and Roger Pynn. Interviewed by Dr. Connie L. Lester and James C. Clark. December 3, 2012. Audio/video record available. <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>, Orlando, Florida.
Coverage
University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
AT&T Semiconductor Plant, Orlando, Florida
Gray-Robinson Law Firm, Orlando, Florida
Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
Silicon Valley, Sunnyvale, California
Lake Nona Medical City, Orlando, Florida
Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, Florida
Economic Development Commission of Florida's Space Coast, Rockledge, Florida
National Academy of Inventors, Tampa, Florida
Department of Economic Opportunity, Tallahassee, Florida
Florida High Tech Corridor Council, Heathrow, Florida
Harrah's Cherokee Casino, Cherokee, North Carolina
GrowFl: Florida Economic Gardening Institute, Orlando, Florida
Metro Orlando Economic Development Commission, Orlando, Florida
Florida Power & Light Company, Winter Park, Florida
Central Florida Research Park, Orlando, Florida
Creator
Lester, Connie L.
Hitt, John C.
Berridge, Randolph E.
Panousis, Peter T.
Holsenbeck, Dan
Clark, James C.
Martine, Carrie
Pynn, Roger
Publisher
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>
Contributor
Dickens, Bethany
Date Created
2012-12-03
Date Modified
2015-01-26
Date Copyrighted
2012-12-03
Format
video/mp4
application/pdf
Extent
298 MB
383 KB
Medium
1-hour, 59-minute, and 19-second audio/video recording
50-page typed digital transcript
Language
eng
Mediator
History Teacher
Civics/Government Teacher
Economics Teacher
Science Teacher
Provenance
Originally created by Dr. Connie L. Lester, James C. Clark, John C. Hitt, Randolph E. Berridge, Dr. Peter T. Panousis, Dan Holsenbeck, Carrie Martine, and Roger Pynn and published by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>.
Rights Holder
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>
Accrual Method
Item Creation
Contributing Project
<a href="http://www.floridahightech.com/%20target=">Florida High Tech Corridor Council</a>
Curator
Cravero, Geoffrey
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>
External Reference
"<a href="http://www.floridahightech.com/about/" target="_blank">ABOUT</a>." Florida High Tech Corridor. http://www.floridahightech.com/about/.
Burnett, Richard. "<a href="http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2010-09-19/business/os-cfb-tech-corridor-092010-20100919_1_grant-program-florida-high-tech-corridor-council-advocacy-group" target="_blank">Technology: Local council's grant program wins award</a>." <em>The Orlando Sentinel</em>, September 19, 2010. http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2010-09-19/business/os-cfb-tech-corridor-092010-20100919_1_grant-program-florida-high-tech-corridor-council-advocacy-group.
Florida High Tech Corridor Council. "<a href="http://www.floridahightech.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Press-Kit-florida.HIGH_.TECH-2014.pdf%20target=">florida.HIGH.TECH 2014: The Guide to Florida's High Tech Corridor</a>." Florida High Tech Corridor Council. http://www.floridahightech.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Press-Kit-florida.HIGH_.TECH-2014.pdf.
Manning, Margie. "<a href="http://www.bizjournals.com/tampabay/print-edition/2011/09/30/high-tech-corridor-matching-grants.html?page=all" target="_blank">High Tech Corridor matching grants create billion-dollar economic engine</a>." <em>Tampa Bay Business Journal</em>, September 30, 2010. http://www.bizjournals.com/tampabay/print-edition/2011/09/30/high-tech-corridor-matching-grants.html?page=all.
Click to View (Movie, Podcast, or Website)
<a href="https://youtu.be/W3_zduqV0s8" target="_blank">Oral History of the Florida High-Tech Corridor Council</a>
Transcript
<p><strong>Clark<br /></strong>Can you tighten up?</p>
<p><strong>Panousis<br /></strong>Oh.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>Come on over Peter. Just from a standpoint of getting—we want to get pictures and video for the archives.</p>
<p><strong>Lester<br /></strong>And can I do one thing before we start?</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>Oh, no.</p>
<p><strong>Panousis<br /></strong>Should I get this out of the way?</p>
<p><strong>Lester<br /></strong>Best practices says that we need to get a—a release so that we can use this. So I am going to send this around.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>Doing exactly what you’re supposed to do.</p>
<p><strong>Lester<br /></strong>Yes [<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>And so while you guys are—are signing those, I mean, I just—I—I shared some of these questions with you earlier today but, [Dr.] Connie [L. Lester] is—is leading this effort in the—in the [University of Central Florida] History Department, and Jim Clark has been working very closely with her, and Bethany [Dickens] is—you’re a graduate student, right?</p>
<p><strong>Dickens<br /></strong>Mmhmm. Yes, sir.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>And we’ve been on a—some months’ quest to review everything that we have in our archives about the [Florida High Tech] Corridor and—and how it evolved, but in a meeting that we had—I guess a couple of months back—both Connie and Jim said, “You know, it would really be helpful to have the anecdotal background. The opportunity to sit and—and talk with this team.” Because we had described how it all began and how you four worked together to make it happen, and so I volunteered that I—no. The first idea was that I was going to take everybody out to lunch. We didn’t get there [<em>laughs</em>], but it—it really would be helpful if you all could just think back a little bit before we get into any questions or any specifics. Think back to how this all began. Randy,<a title="">[1]</a> I think you probably picked up the ball and Kerry it from [Dr.] Pete[r T. Panousis]’s office to John [C. Hitt] and started the conversation, and maybe you—maybe you want to, Dan…</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>We had…</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>First, I can’t remember.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>We had a council of some 25 division heads of AT&T [Inc.] representing about 6,000 employees. I had the smallest division, and I was the oldest and the dumbest, so I got to chair the thing [<em>laughs</em>], and tried for 12 years to pass that gavel on to someone else—unsuccessfully.</p>
<p>In [19]95, Peter and Peter’s associate, Bob Cook, had shared that there was a major expansion that was going to happen to their semi-conductor manufacturing operation, then located on the south side of Orlando[, Florida], and it had the potential of being up to 1.4 billion and 1,500 jobs. Normally, that kind of operation gets most people’s attention, but the concern was that the expansion, at the time, looked like it was going to happen offshore, based on incentives that were ladled to the tune of $90 million. Payable in two years, and what we had in Florida at the time—thanks to some research that Charlie Gray, founder of the Gray-Robinson Law Firm—and—and I had the pleasure of helping with—was that Florida had about 6 million [dollars] payable over seven years, and so, with Charlie’s help, we negotiated another 6 million, also payable over seven years. So those of you who are really good at net present value calculations: if you had 90 million incentives payable over 2 versus 12 payable over seven, I think I am pretty sure which—which one you would pick.</p>
<p>We had several things going for us. We had a great management team that didn’t necessarily—didn’t want to move to Madrid[, Spain]. We had a facility that was built three times larger in the early 80s than needed at that time that we could readily expand into, but more importantly, we had a research capability provided by UCF [University of Central Florida] and USF [University of South Florida] that was not available offshore.</p>
<p>And so one day on the golf course—Roger [Prynn], you were there—we shared with John that we are fighting a potentially losing battle regarding this facility and, John, you said, “Well what—what do you need? What do you—what do you have the potential of having here that you don’t have offshore?” And we replied, “A research commitment that UCF and its professors and USF and its—have been providing for quite some time.” So John, you checked with Betty Castor, then-president of USF and came back with a commitment of $20 million, payable over 10 years—1 million per year, per school—of real asset. Not something where we would try to figure out what it was, but a real asset and that made the difference. Peter, why don’t you…</p>
<p><strong>Panousis<br /></strong>Let me add a little bit to the first part. The—the opportunity to move to Spain—the Spanish government providing the—the extra money—may have been appealing to some people, but it wasn’t to me [<em>laughs</em>], and it also wasn’t to a group of 100 engineers we had moved from New Jersey and Pennsylvania to Florida just six months before that, and so we really, really wanted to find some way to stay in Florida. We liked the facility, we liked living here, and we certainly didn’t want to move again, and we weren’t quite also all that sure about what would happen if we moved to Spain, just because I could feel the boat rocking, and so, when the opportunity to—came up to find alternatives, we jumped at those opportunities, because they were important to us, as I believe they would have been to the State of Florida, and so we’re—we are in the right mood for that kind of operation.</p>
<p>And the thing that made a difference is—I think Randy talked about the money. You looked at the money that was on the table, and if—if it was just money, you go to Spain. You wouldn’t—you wouldn’t come here, but what was being offered and what we worked out after a while with the—with the universities was an opportunity to couple in to two universities—two large universities—and—and connect to the research base in a way that we could never have been able do in Spain, and we really were a very high-tech company. We were leading edge in the semi-conductor field. So having that kind of support was worth a lot of money, and so it became—it became an easier sell when we could go back to the board of directors and say, “Look what we can do here,” compared to “what we can do there,” and—and it worked.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>So what was the—what was the process, Dan, that took it to the [Florida State] Legislature? Took it to the next step and actually resulted in the creation of the entity?</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>Well, as the mathematics, that Randy explained, boil down to a million dollars a year for each of the institutions to offset the million dollars a year worth of research. Whether that was in-kind or actually whatever it might have been, it had a value of about a million dollars, and so, our charge by the president was to try to find, you know, additional cash from the Legislature to make that happen.</p>
<p>So my colleague, who has since retired at USF, Kathy Betancourt and I started to work together on a strategy to simply to get a million dollar earmark. We didn’t think we could get a million apiece, but we thought we could get a million total. So our first visit was to [Antoinette] “Toni” Jennings, who was President of the [Florida] Senate and—from here, and we proposed to her a million dollars, and she said, “A million is too much. Seven figures is difficult for the Legislature to absorb right now. I don’t think we’d even talk about it. Anything less than that for a major project …”</p>
<p>But anyway, she said, “Why don’t you settle on something a little bit lower? How about 850 [thousand]?” And of course, Kathy and I said, “Yes, ma’am. 850 is fine,” and actually, Toni was not president of the Senate at that time…</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>She was Chairman of the [Committee on] Rules…</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>She was Chairman of the Rules, exactly. About to be President of the Senate, and so she sent us down to—to see the Chairman of [Committee on] Appropriations at that point, who was the infamous Senator Tilders. I don’t make a personality judgment by saying “infamous,” but he was famous in some ways and not so famous in others probably, but Kathy and I went to visit with him and he said, “Did Senator Jennings approve of this and ask for this?” And we both said, “Yes, sir,” and his response, which I’ll never forget, was, “Whatever that young lady wants, I’ll give her.”</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>[<em>laughs</em>] Young lady…</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck</strong>So the Senate was going to put $850,000 in the budget. The second part of that—and the president was a witness to it—I probably ought to let a witness tell a truth rather than me embellish the story.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Oh, I’m eager to hear it.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>All right, but…</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>Y’all have already heard some revisionist history so far [<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>But our next step was to go to the [Florida] House [of Representatives] because we had a commitment from the powers in the Senate, and there are lots of other commitments too in the Senate. [John Hugh] “Buddy” Dyer, for example. I mean, Buddy was, at the time, one of the leading Democratic [Party] Senators. I think he was later majority—I mean minority leader, but we had his full support from the very beginning. So Senator Jennings knew that she—with her support and with the minority leader’s support—because you were in Buddy Dyer’s district at the time—that was pretty good.</p>
<p>But we had to cultivate the House, and that’s the way those things do, you have to go back and forth. So Representative Alzo [J.] Reddick happened to be Chairman in a Democratically-controlled House of the Committee on Transportation and Economic Development Funding at the time. So the president and I went to visit him and talk through the project and so forth, and ask him for a million dollars, and he said, “I’ll do it,” and then he calls his staff director in from around the corner—I forget what his name was—and the staff director comes in and Alzo says, “I want a million dollars in the budget for this project,” and he says, “Well, what is it and what will—will he do?” And that’s the source of the tale that whatever it is I had in my pocket.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>It was an envelope, as I recall.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>Yeah. I just wrote down, “Million dollars for UCF, USF, and AT&T to grow, retain, and attract high technology industry to the I[nterstate]-4 High Technology Corridor,” and we handed that to the staff director, and that’s how it came out in the bill, and that’s what the source is of that original language. Now you got a million dollars in the House, and 850 in the Senate. Guess what happens when you go to [U.S.] Congress? Randy gets $925,000, and that’s where the original appropriation came from, and it was also funded through Enterprise Florida—which a lot of people forget—which created some interesting situations later on.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>Had we created Enterprise at that point? I didn’t realize that.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>About the same time.</p>
<p><strong>Panousis<br /></strong>Let me—let me add a little to that, because there’s a piece that I think you might find interesting. I still remember the very first meeting we had. I met John and Betty Castor and the airport and we went to see Charlie [Bass] Reed, and I didn’t know any of them at the time. We all met for the first time and Charlie Reed was the [State University System of Florida] Chancellor of Education at the time, and—and basically I wanted to—all I was there for was to get some money out of the—out of the universities. I wanted $10 million. He—after he stopped laughing, said, “No. don’t you understand? Companies give us your money. We don’t give them money.” [<em>laughs</em>] And we had a discussion about that, but after—after we were done and John—that’s where John showed, at least for me, the very first picture of High-Tech Corridor —the lights along the two coasts…</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>It’s there. Right there.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>That middle thing there.</p>
<p><strong>Panousis<br /></strong>I remember him showing that, and describing the way—at that time it was—it was Dallas[, Texas] and…</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Dallas and Fort Worth[, Texas].</p>
<p><strong>Panousis<br /></strong>And Fort Worth. Growing together and—that’s the picture he had, and—and in that discussion, I think Charlie Reed sort of bought into it pretty—pretty well.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Panousis<br /></strong>And as—at the end of the meeting he said, “Look. I don’t know how to do this.” But—but we shook hands and he said, “I’ll find a way,” and I think what you described was the way.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>The way.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>I think you need to share—since you shared it with the board of governors and your fellow presidents—the idea—the corridor coming to you…</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Oh, yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>In the shower, you know?</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>It drives Dan [Holsenbeck] crazy to hear this story. Thanks Randy [<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Well, Dan will get over it [<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>We all take showers, Dan.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>I—I know. I know.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Your historians are wondering what’s coming.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>I know. Well, early in my time here, I had driven pretty much coast to coast to the center part of the state, and, you could see along I-4 infill of population, and I’d watched that process take place in my native state of Texas, between Dallas and Fort Worth. When I was a boy, you could see, you know, area between them was ranch land, there were a lot of cattle grazing along the side of the highway. You know, it was really a rural environment. Well, by the time I left Texas in—in ‘77, they had pretty well grown together, and if you’re—if you’ve driven along it in—in the last 20 years or so, you know, it’s—it’s one big, continuous metropolitan area now, but, you know, it occurred to me pretty strongly there—there are thousands and thousands and thousands of people who are moving in, and a lot of them settle right along that corridor, that, you know, essentially goes from the Tampa Bay area to—to the—the Daytona [Beach] area. But, you know, it sort of spills down towards the Space Coast as well, and the question in my mind is what kind of jobs are they going to have? Now, we’ve got a great hospitality industry here in—in Central Florida and, you know, it—it is the backbone of our economy in this—in—in this part of our state. Really for our whole state, but if you think about the—the distribution of pay for the jobs that they’ve got, it’s biased towards lower in—income employment. Now all jobs are good jobs. You think about it, there’s—if the alternative is unemployment, just about any job’s a good job, but, it—it just occurred to me that, if we really are going to have the kind of jobs we want our kids and grandkids to have, it would be really helpful if you could find a way to bring in more high tech industry, and it seemed to me that we had a good chance with two large state institutions, each of which had a strong engineering program, a strong business program, the—the natural laboratory sciences to support research and development. We really could have a—a guiding effect, if you will, on the development of the economy, and I had proposed to—to Betty Castor, before Peter came on the—on the scene, that we try and put together a cooperative endeavor and get some state funding for it, and—and Betty just had too many other things on her plate at that time, you know. She didn’t really respond all that favorably, you know, and I—you know, I didn’t take that as a bad thing. I figured, <em>Well, we’ve got time—time.</em> We’ll win her over soon or later on this. It’s a good idea, and we just went on.</p>
<p>Well then, Pete’s opportunity challenge presented itself, and I think what you saw was the value of a good organizing concept. It—it—there’s nothing all that overpowering about the idea. It’s just—it’s—it’s just sort of an observation. <em>Gee, Dallas and Fort Worth grew together, I think I see the same kind of process beginning here in—in Central Florida. Isn’t that interesting?</em> Well, then you think about two universities, and well, <em>Maybe we could have an influence on what kind of jobs get developed, maybe we could raise the—the prospects for high tech industry</em>, and then, guess what? We get a really high tech industry who is wanting our help, and we were able to get enough people excited about the possibility to really do something, and—I—I’ve said repeatedly, with—without the opportunity to work with Peter, all we’ve got’s kind of an interesting idea. You know, better than no idea at all, but it probably would have come to very little if we hadn’t had a—large-scale employer in a high tech business who really wanted and needed our help. You know, I think wanted more than needed. You would have gone somewhere, you know. You would have gone to Spain or somewhere else without us, but, you know, you wanted our help, and sometimes wanting something is every bit an important or more than needing.</p>
<p>So we were able to put together an idea, and Dan’s memory is just as mine—we had it, you know—it was the focus right then when we were at Alzo’s outer office—was retention. We had the foresight to put—attract, grow, and retain in that bill, and that is indeed what let us go from this one instance to a general operation that recruits, grows and, we hope, retains high tech industry. It—it’s been a very interesting thing to watch—and you know—and without—without Peter, you don’t have much. Without Dan’s skills in the Legislature we don’t have much and without Randy’s determined leadership—and excellent leadership over the years—we probably wouldn’t have nearly what we have.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>That’s very kind.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>So it pays to take showers, you know? [<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Panousis<br /></strong>It was—it was—a very unique partnership. I had—I had a lot of years at AT&T and we had lots of partnerships with companies in the universities, but generally they were—they were designed for very specific application, and generally they were tense, because the other companies are competitors and the universities really did what Charlie Reed said, “Give me the money and I’ll give it back, with 200, half the time,” and what was happening in this relationship is—is right from the beginning. in fact, the legislation you put together called out that this was a partnership, that there were certain rights that the company—AT&T had—to the intellectual property, which was truly unique.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Panousis<br /></strong>And—and it made a big difference, because now we could get research support from two universities and we didn’t have to give up the intellectual property that was generated in the process of doing them, and that was really, a big—and big deal, and I—I still remember telling other people about that and they wouldn’t believe it. They said, “It couldn’t be, couldn’t be, couldn’t be.” In fact, some other universities said it was illegal, even though it was in the legislation [<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Yeah, well, one university very distinctly [<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>Pete, I can remember you saying back then that you had—we were sitting together at the plant one day—you’d never had relationships with universities like this. This is unheard of.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Well, a prevailing model at universities was that the industrial partner ought to throw money over a transom and come back in several years to hear what the university had done with it.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>Well, let’s not preclude that.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>And feel suitably proud, you know? Guess what, you know? When money is not terribly plentiful, the enthusiasm for that gets pretty darn scarce and the other—the other side is the intellectual property side. The university still does well out of this—and when you get to these partnerships, you know, my sense is that most universities want to control 100 percent and they end up with something about this big, and they think that’s better than having 20 percent of something this big, and I’ve never quite seen that point of view get you anywhere.</p>
<p><strong>Panousis<br /></strong>And it’s interesting. In all the time we worked together, I can’t think of any single case where we had a serious disagreement about intellectual property. It just wasn’t that big of a deal. The people—people are paranoid about it.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Yeah, it’s a principle, you know?</p>
<p><strong>Panousis<br /></strong>It’s a principle. It’s a principle.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>I’ve had the pleasure of approving 12—more than 1,200 research projects. Dan, more than half of those with UCF. My—my case with UCF, USF, and UF. I can count on the digits—less than the digits on one hand—the projects we did not get to because of an issue over intellectual property, and when you—when you share that with an audience that—that has this perception that there’s going to be an issue, and you share well—wait a minute. We’ve done 1,200 of them with 400 companies, where we’ve put up over 56 million [dollars] to fund those projects—from Carter funds at UCF, USF, and UF, and we have more than 160 million [dollars] in corporate cash and in-kind at the time we do the project and more than a billion on top of that in downstream return to the university—to the companies, and yet in—in—in going on—about to finish 16 years, we have had really not had an issue on intellectual property, because the companies see it—that—well, this is unique. Our hometown university wants to help us. They’re not asking for the money back. Where is the value? And the value is the partnership with the company that creates more jobs, creates more intellectual value, and by the way—we’ve got an outside, investigator/researcher that’s showed there’s more than a billion returned to our local economy from—from this program.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>Yeah, let me—let me just say that Randy had an awful lot to do with those languages and that we were able to translate into legislation, and the actual legislation that you’re talking about Peter, where that language about the IP was? Was part of the matching tax exception—matching grant program? And I always thought that pulling that off as a collective effort —taking advantage of really the goodwill of the company—the essence of that bill said that the Legislature would put aside another package of incentive moneys—not just the money that we were operating the Carter on the doing research with—but they put aside another pot of money that if Cirent[?] would take the tax-exemption that they were given under the incentive laws. That if they would take the taxes, they would have paid and send it over to the university, the State would match it out of that fund. So all of a sudden, both institutions were able to do really big things at once like our materials lab.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>That’s where out materials lab—to this day, seems one of the best in the southeast, maybe in the country—comes from.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>AMPAC [Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center].</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>That’s right. That’s where…</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>AMPAC.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>That’s where USF’s—what’s it called? Center of Metrology?</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>Center for…</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Center for Materials Research. Sam R., I think. Center for Materials Research.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>So that was another, part of that whole deal—the tax-exempt matching grants that’s kind of gone away, because they don’t have any money to match it with anymore, but I always thought that was a—one year—in one of the later years, the Legislature decided to sweep together everything that they were funding for the High-Tech Corridor, because they all wanted to take credit for a big deal. So when they pulled together all the operational funds and showed the tax-exempt matching, there’s a line—and I forget what year in the budget—that shows something like 25-26 billion dollars. Charlie’s in California. So I cut that out, sent it to him, and said, “Charlie, if you’ve ever seen a bigger turkey in Florida, I want you to let me know.” [<em>laughs</em>] And he wrote me back and he said, “Nope. That’s got to be it.” It was a $25 million line-item in the budget that pulled all that stuff together one year.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Help with the name—is it <em>The Chronicle of Higher Education</em>?</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Is that the right term? I believe both of you about the same time shared with me an article that our friend Charlie Reed crafted that appeared in there, where he took credit for the Corridor and—and explained his version of what it’s all about, and it’s—that’s pretty special, knowing where it came from.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>Can I tell you one more quick[sic] story about Charlie? The first year was 950,000 and then it jumped a little bit and—we were looking for—in one of the years, we were looking for—I think it was another million and a half for each of us, and we wound up getting 1.7 million and USF got 1.5. So we’re down in the committee room where they are about to vote on it and make the decision. By the way, the Chairman of the Appropriations Committee, making this happen, under Speaker Dan[iel Allan] Webster, is Orange County School Superintendent—no. School Board Chairman Bill Sublette—he’s the Chairman of that committee.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>That’s right. I forgot that.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>That’s right. Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>So Charlie comes up to us, with Kathy and me with his entourage—which is not unusual for Charlie—comes blustering and says, “I just took care of it. We’ve taken care of everything. You’re going to get a million and a half,” and Kathy and I looked at each other and said, “Charlie, you mean—million and a half each?” And he said, “Oh, no, no, no. just a million and a half.” I said, “Charlie, the bill’s about to come out. It’s a million and a half each,” and there was a five million appropriation for research, so we were going to get basically two-thirds of that money or—or close to it, and Charlie did not speak to Kathy and me for a couple of weeks after that [<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>It’s not nice to tell the Chancellor he’s wrong.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>By the way, the original funding—9—925—the original funding, UCF got 300 for corridor funds—corridor projects. USF got 300 and AT&T got 325. Ask him if he ever took the money.</p>
<p><strong>Lester<br /></strong>Did you?</p>
<p><strong>Panousis<br /></strong>Nope.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>No recurrent funding invested back in the corridor.</p>
<p><strong>Panousis<br /></strong>We—we…</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>Used it to run this Corridor center.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Sixteen—privacy of this room—for 16 years, we’ve invested that money back into the corridor to help market the region as a high-tech region. That’s pretty special.</p>
<p><strong>Panousis<br /></strong>The thing we—we needed from universities was the research.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Panousis<br /></strong>We didn’t need the money. I mean, the money’s nice. We would have taken it, but if you, you know—if you think of the numbers just over the whole period time, we spent a little over a billion dollars. We were exempted, most of that time, for the 6 percent sales tax. That’s 60 million dollars. By giving up fairly significant piece of that—almost all of that—to the university that was doubled by the State to close to 120 million dollars that was shared between the two universities. That’s a lot of money. I still remember the time we were sitting there thinking about how to spend it [<em>laughs</em>]. That was tough to do.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>The results of that effort—not only the great research projects and the marketing comes to us by the way of Roger Pynn and Kerry Martine. It’s interesting when an organization outside of our state shares nationally the top technology regions in the country based on information from January of 2012 to August 2012, and I know if I were a better teacher or instructor, I’d have a better show and tell graph. I gave a speech this morning out at its—its—and I did the same thing to the audience, it—even the first row couldn’t see it, but what it portrays is…</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>Randy, we prepare you better than that. Don’t you ever do that again [<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>What is portrays is the top regions in the country, and we’re number four, ahead of the Research Triangle and ahead of—of Austin[, Texas], and—and the major one is the number of high-tech job openings. A positive statement that our region —we’d like to have top talent come here as well as graduate from here. So it says Florida High-Tech Corridor.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>That’s neat.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>That’s certainly a manifestation of grow, retain, and attract.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>And Dan—when—when you were going through that review of the expansion of the state funding, since it’s a history project—I’m not sure, Connie, that we have been able to—and if we have, Kerry [Martine] can take credit for it—accurately give you a timeline of the progression of the funding. I think it would be very helpful to have. Maybe we can work with someone.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>We have it. We—it’s—we had to go through digging it out, But yeah. We can show you the bills and the amount of money each time.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>So you see, it wasn’t just a one-time thing. We—if it had just been for the initial bill, that provided people that the research they needed, we’d have been a one-hit wonder and this would—none of us would be here today, but this was about the evolution of partnerships, and—and—and John realized very quickly afterward, we had something here. Once he pulled it off with AT&T, he says, “Hey, you know, we’ve got a good deal here. We can help other people,” and that led to the MGRP. The idea that we can create research projects on an ongoing basis. Bringing companies on campus to do it, and—and having them kick the tires of young students—as their graduate students, as their research partners. Just to—just to…</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Give M. J. Soileau some credit for helping devise the program.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>True.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>And working with the folks at USF in making sure the programs mirrored each other.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Yeah, it’s been interesting watching all that, you know, even with M. J. The first response is, “How do I get part of that money?” [<em>laughs</em>]. “How do I—how do I get my share—my fair share of the money?” And then it evolves. You see people start to understand, “Oh, there is no share—fair share. It’s all money that’s there for a purpose.” “How do I get to be part of the purpose?” is really the—the question to ask, and if you—if you—I think if you conceive of it properly, it’s money that attracts business leaders to the campus and incents faculty members to work with them.</p>
<p>The big complaint you still hear today is, “How do I get the faculty to work with industry?” Or “How do I get industry to work with faculty?” Well, you put some money on the table to do good things and you—you—you get a little entrepreneurial interest. Which is what we’ve done, and Pete, you’re, you know—you—without you in all of this, I don’t think we’re celebrating anything today, but that’s basically, you know, between the Legislature and Dan’s good influence there, and the leadership we’ve had from Peter and Randy. We—we’ve created a self-perpetuating cycle at this point. Virtuous cycle.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>This is a small world we live in. What are the odds that we’d have this conversation today, and the new VP[Vice President] of Engagement<a title="">[2]</a> at FIU [Florida International University] wanted to set a meeting and the only time we could do it was before this meeting, and her predecessor was promoted to Provost in Virginia, and so Mark [B.] Rosenberg lost his focal point of cloning our corridor in his end of the state.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>So the new person is on board, and the only time we can meet is right before this meeting, and she said, “I apologize. I know you’ve been through this. I know you’ve come down here to meet, but we’re basically starting over would you”—Roger’s about to die—“would you mind sharing with me again all about the corridor? How you got started? How you’ve done? What you’ve done?” And I said “Well, thank you. You’re getting me—getting me warmed up for a meeting with President Hitt, Peter Panousis, and the rest of the team.” I said that it’s going to take more than a half an hour to explain the length and breadth of what we’ve—what we’ve done. So honored by the compliment again from Mark Rosenberg that he still wants to figure out how to make it happen.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>And that’s one of the questions that Connie’s had is, “Can this be exported to this equation?”</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Yes, it can be, but you need to have a good understanding of the model and you gotta have to have a…</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>Peter. You’ve got to have a Peter.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>A business leader. Yeah. Otherwise, you—you can write it all up and everything…</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>We’ve suggested to Mark, you know, a couple of companies down there that could be—could be the patron that—that Dr. Panousis and Sarah McGeer was to us.</p>
<p><strong>Panousis<br /></strong>You know what’s curious is in Silicon Valley, the normal sense of business is that they deal with universities. That’s just what you do, particularly with Stanford [University] and other universities. It might not be…</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Guess why? It works. Fred Turner.</p>
<p><strong>Panousis<br /></strong>It works. Yeah, that’s right. That’s right.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Fred—as a young man I was vice-president of the TCU [Texas Christian University] research foundation and he served on our advisory council, and I got to sit and listen to Fred talk about how—he didn’t phrase it this way—but he started Silicon Valley. He came back after World War II, he had seen [Massachusetts State] Route 128 outside Boston[, Massachusetts], he—he knew what had happened there, and he said, “We could do that here,” and he proceeded to do it. He was then Dean of Engineering at Stanford, became Provost and—and really, I think it is—I think if you had to pick some sort of high-tech industrial heroes, Fred would be right up at the head of the pack.</p>
<p><strong>Panousis<br /></strong>So there must be some in South Florida.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Panousis<br /></strong>You know, there have to be. Man, they just need to be found [<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Lester<br /></strong>Can I ask a question a question about that? Do you see the High-Tech Corridor as being more similar to Silicon Valley? Or what—what has it added to the—to the growth of the high tech industry that’s different from Silicon Valley?</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>That’s a good question. I don’t know the inside of Silicon Valley well enough probably to answer —to answer—to answer in a well-informed way. Pete, what—do you?</p>
<p><strong>Panousis<br /></strong>I think that—and I don’t know if I have an answer, but—but I think what happened there is they got to a critical mass that we never quite have gotten to.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Yeah, yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Panousis<br /></strong>And there were so many companies doing the same kind of work that people were just spilling out of each, setting up additional companies, and every new idea was a new company, and it just got to a level where it was just running by itself. Now we’ve got to that point. Or haven’t gotten to that point.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>We may have more self-conscious direction at the university level. It may have become just auto-catalytic at Stanford, because of that process you’re talking about. We’ve taken a view that really says that the university is the agency that will help this happen in—in—in the region, and maybe I’m not expressing it well, but I think we—we have tried to see the university—the—the—the metropolitan research university as the equivalent of the land-grant university—the 21<sup>st</sup> century equivalent of the land grant. Where we combine the generation transmission application of knowledge, and it’s a social agency, if you will, that—that helps companies.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>John, your leadership—UCF’s leaderships and its partners—Medical City is going to be, in my humble opinion, the catalyst that’s going to give us—give us that next boost in terms of comparing our corridor—our region—to Silicon Valley. If you reference the facts that we shook our heads when we said, right after World War II—after World War II—having been there, like a couple of people in this room, but very young—look at the time span, and yet, UCF is now celebrating its 50<sup>th</sup>, we’re celebrating our 16<sup>th</sup> as a—as a corridor. We have a lot of room to grow, and despite all the issues in terms of Florida Poly[technic University]—when they call us—Rob Goddell and team called and asked for help in terms of focus, as you and I discussed—to—to give them some ideas in terms of what they are going to focus on in terms of a curriculum. That’s pretty special, but it’s part of this continuum of our region catching up with—maybe even surpassing—Silicon Valley. The university is still—if you notice, the university is still centering to that happening.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>The—it seems to me that one of the—well, I think it’s—there are two very strong forces at work here that you’ve got to—have to—even think about duplicating anywhere, and we all travel and we all have got our canned speeches on the High-Tech Corridor, and what it means, and, you know, the advantages of it, but there are two things that the High-Tech Corridor has proven, and both of those are related to one word, and that’s “partnership.”</p>
<p>First of all, it’s just a spirit of partnership. It’s mutually beneficial. We’re willing to put on the table and sacrifice a little bit—or “comprise” maybe is a better word. You do the same thing and we’re both just going to just flourish after that, and then the second part of it is—to reinforce what we’ve said—is that I don’t think you can just be given some money. Other places in the state have tried to get an appropriation. They’ve said they couldn’t do it, okay? What they’ve got to have though, again, is this, again, spirit of partnership from a very large organization, or at least relatively large, so you can have an anchor and tie.</p>
<p>Let me—let me do one more. I can’t help the opportunity for these political—but taking the word “partnership,” okay? The High-Tech Corridor created something in the Legislature that has never, ever happened. Not before and definitely not—not since, according to what I’ve been told. The second year of the funding, the money was eliminated at some point during the process, and we have to earmark it out of the budget. So we asked two people to sponsor the amendment to add it back on the floor during the final debates of the bills, okay? Way over here on the left side, one of the most loyal Democrats of all time, is Rep[resentative] Alzo Reddick, and way over here on the right side—so far right that he told me one day that Dan introduces me on the right side of the stage, I’m so far right he thinks I’ll fall off—that person was [Thomas] “Tom” [Charles] Feeney [III], who was going to be Speaker of the House. So in front of the entire legislative body, outspoken Democrat, outspoken conservative Republican, stand together and offer an amendment to do this. There was not a single negative vote that I recall, and it was the spirit of partnership that has permeated this project all the way through, which I think has made it successful.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Yeah, support for the university, for the community.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>An effort to—to work together to build something.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>And until the medical school came along, and probably now—I’ve always used in my conversations that, you know, the High-Tech Corridor is the perfect example of what John Hitt means about being America’s leading partnership university.</p>
<p><strong>Lester<br /></strong>Did the fact that the Corridor existed and had been so successful—was that instrumental in helping to bring high tech industry, or laying the foundations for…</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>I don’t know. Certainly the successful experience lent credibility to the university and our administration. I don’t know that people drew—the people who were making the decisions—I don’t know that they drew lessons from the corridor operation, but the fact that we had done it and it was successful probably helped.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>Well, I—he—he’s being modest, because I know in some of the conversations we had on the medical school in the Legislature that I had—and I can name three or four of them—very powerful members—to say—if John Hitt says that this is good and it’s going to work and it’s a partnership, then that’s all I need, and that’s the truth. One of them had two children to graduate from here, so I’m not making those names up, but I think it did have maybe more then you want to give it credit for is this spirit of partnership that we’re known for.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>It was certainly a track record by that time.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>Oh, yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>And I don’t think there’s been a person in the [Florida] Governor’s Mansion since this happened who hasn’t wanted to point to the Corridor in some way or another at the start of every year.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Mmhmm. The disappointment that I think we all share to some extent is that is hasn’t been replicated elsewhere yet. There have been attempts.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>Right. It’s good to hear they’re still committed to it, Randy, and we need to offer to—to give them what help we can.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Yeah, but, you know, part of the problem is you’ve really got to have industry. You’ve got—and you’ve got to be able to attract industry into it. So, you know, people will say the “I-4 Corridor.” Well, why don’t we have an “I-10 Corridor” or whatever, you know. Well, if all you’ve got’s a highway, you know, you’re not really—you’re not going to do this, and—and it’s still the case that some people think if they can just got an appropriation, they can have something. Well, they’d have the money, but that alone would not give them what they’re looking for if they’re trying to replicate the corridor. You’ve got to have—you’ve got to have that employer who’s really committed, and you do have to have a critical mass of administration and faculty who understand partnership. And, you know, I think there’s still too many people in universities who just want to be given money to go do what they want to do. That’s nice, and, you know, we’ll all take that, but it’s—it’s not going to give you—an organization like the corridor.</p>
<p><strong>Panousis<br /></strong>You know, the partnership between the universities was also important—now three in the partnership. Yeah. I still remember a meeting—I was trying to recall what the background for it was—but Governor Lawton [Mainor] Chiles[, Jr.] was at the meeting so it must have been ’90…</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>’96?</p>
<p><strong>Panousis<br /></strong>’96-’97, and we had just come from one of our customers, making the PalmPilot at the time, and we did something for them special, and we invited him to come to the meeting. He did, and I remember in his presentation, he made a comment that I thought was really interesting. He says he’s never seen two universities actually work together like the two—those two—UCF and USF.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>There’s no question.</p>
<p><strong>Panousis<br /></strong>And it was really interesting, because he—he was amazed that it could happen. I didn’t know any better, so I assumed it could happen [<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>An example of the partnership—and I’ll share with you—Kerry Martine provided that. Gentleman pictured there—in ’99, we partnered with—very small company. He now has a billion-dollar drug. He now also is the new VP of Research [& Innovation]<a title="">[3]</a> at USF, and in the first meeting with him, he said, “If we have an incubator company that wants to locate in Orlando, is there any reason we couldn’t figure out how to locate them in M. J. Soileau and Tom O’Neal’s incubator at UCF?” And I’m sitting there going, “Ah.” [<em>laughs</em>] What a burden has been lifted in terms of—this is a prime example of partnership that he would reach out.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>And I said, “Not that I’m aware of,” and he said, “You think they would agree that, if they have a company in—in their incubator that would want to move to Tampa, that it would be okay if we housed ’em?” And I said, “I think we can make that happen.”</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>Now, what son of a Mississippian says…</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Yeah, son of a Mississippian. So there’s—Dr. Paul Sanberg, and thanks to Kerry Martine, who’s going to give that to me by email, I’m going to send that to Paul and say, “There’s a picture of you from the late ‘90s you might like to have for your file.” A good partnership.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>They had been doing anything they could to prevent them to leave, and so would we 20 years ago. You know, we hadn’t quite gotten to that point. I think the—the mantra of leader: leave your ego at the door. The idea that whatever can benefit Tampa, can benefit Orlando, and vice versa, has been such a powerful philosophy. People have gone out of their way—you like to tell the story of Lynda—thinking over in Brevard County…</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>Weatherman.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Weatherman.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>The Economic Development Director over there, risking probably, at the time, her—her job to put was it 500 or 5,000 dollars into a sponsorship of an event that was going to take place in Tampa?</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>5,000.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>5,000. People were thinking, <em>Was she crazy?</em></p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>We indicated we would help her with something downstream. That was understood, but yeah, that she was willing to do that.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>She understood that she might benefit down the road from it. We…</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Yeah, that whole notion that a win anywhere in the corridor in a win for everybody is hard to…</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>We called Dr. Paul Sanberg, who’s a very respected scientist—founder of the National Academy of Inventors, and we have a project we’re working on that is very large in scope—almost as large as one of Peter’s projects—and we needed some initial funds to put on the table to get the company’s attention. So I called Paul and I said, “I know that our team is over about a week before this phone call to show support for a major project in the Tampa area, and so we have one, by coincidence, a small world. We have one a week late, as big as that one. If we can merge our matching funds at UCF and USF, we can make a better case,” and he said, “Make it happen. What are you putting on the table?” I said, “We’re going to make a commitment of 250,000 a year for five years, because of the size and scope and potential of this project.” He said, “You want to do the same thing from USF?” I said, “Yes, sir.” He said, “You know, it doesn’t matter where the graduates work, as long as they’re working here. So the fact that you’re going to give an opportunity for some of our USF students to partner with—you know, professors to partner with UCF on a project for a company that happens to be located in the eastern end of the Corridor, our students are going to be benefited, so make it happen.” That’s partnership in its, you know, 15-16 years in the making.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>You know, there is another activity that a lot of folks don’t participate in or know much about—and I’ve always thought this was one of Randy’s brilliant creations—and that is what he called the “Core Team” and the Tuesday morning telephone calls. Every Tuesday morning, I’d say there are 25-35 people throughout the corridor who talk about what is going on in the corridor and by the end of that conversation—what reminded me was Lynda Weatherman—you have got Brevard County willing to go over to Tampa to participate with a Tampa Bay partnership. You have got 4-5 groups agreeing to come together to put money on the table to do a booth talking about the photonics industry and sending it to the west coast. You’re doing things that the state as a whole has not been able to get communities and EDCs [Economic Development Commissions] and workforce boards and all those things to do.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>We are doing things every Tuesday morning on that little pajama hotline that the state has never been able to do. It’s amazing to see the number…</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>This is a 16-year document…</p>
<p><strong>Lester<br /></strong>Yes, I have the whole box. Yes.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>She has—she has a box. She has Steve Burly’s collection of every single one of those.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>It’s an old AT&T thing. Peter and I learned years ago what is bolded in here, including the names of the people, as well as what is in there is what was covered the previous weeks. You know, who attended and what was discussed and it becomes the agenda for the next meeting so you can continue.</p>
<p><strong>Lester<br /></strong>And I can tell you that is very helpful to a historian who is reading through this.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>You know, we need to get you in touch with Burly by the end of this, because the fact that he is collecting means he has got a lot of knowledge. The—what I can remember as an example of that is we achieved corridor-wide participation in the [International] Paris Air Show<a title="">[4]</a> on the telephone on a Tuesday morning. Had never happened.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Because Lynda Weatherman wanted to do it.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>That is right. Payback.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>In Brevard—and so we got Tampa Bay saying, “Yeah. We will do that with you. We will be there with you, in terms of presence and money.”</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>She helped those people earn over 5,000, and now we have an annual basis, participation to market this area’s aerospace.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>What a silver-tongued devil she is [<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>She is. She chaired the Federal Reserve Board in Florida in Jacksonville—amongst her many talents. Also nationally, she’s a pretty sharp lady—chaired our workforce committee. What is unique is we start with this in ‘96-‘97—something like that—and we couldn’t get folks to attend, mainly our economic development partners, for a 4 o’clock call. So, once a decade, I am going, <em>Why don’t I have it at 7:45 in the morning? They can’t claim they are out working, selling deals, and entertaining prospects as 7:45 on the morning.</em> So half of the folks on there are on their drive time. We ask them to be on mute and make sure they drive carefully, but every Tuesday morning, unless it’s a holiday week—and Dan, you are on every one of them—7:45-8:15, and it is over at 8:15—and it’s over at 8:15, because everyone on there has a full-time job doing something else.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>A lot of spouses across this corridor who wonder what is going on a Tuesday morning, if you don’t have a call, what is happening? You are just sitting here drinking your coffee, reading the newspaper. You are supposed to be on the telephone.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>You know, I still think Roger and you and I have talked about this, but just for the purposes of conversation—that is one example of a critical activity to the corridor that’s not as glamorous sounding as the matching research. There another one—there is a tech path program that is done with…</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Dr. Jeff Mendell? One of Peter’s top scientists?</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>Jeff Mendell, one of Peter’s guys who is now in our physics departments that does this, and now going all over the place trying to get the other institutions and school boards and schools to learn about what it is to be in high technology, and another one—the Florida Virtual Entrepreneur Center. I mean, people don’t—Roger, I just don’t think the average person or even the average politician realizes how those three parts of what we do—the core team and the partnerships, the tech path and the entrepreneurial center—what a key element they are, and there is nothing—nothing anywhere in the state comparable to those three activities.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Hunt[ing F.] Deutsch is the head of the [Florida] Department of Economic Opportunity, and I am honored to have known him from the mid-80s, when my daughter worked for him in the trust department, when he had the trust affirmative for SunTrust [Bank]. They were going to have a business portal they were going to launch. They didn’t know what they were going to do but they were going to launch it—a bit reckless, and I said, well, “Howard, we already have one. It is called the Florida Virtual Entrepreneur Center.” “What does it do?” I explained to him what it does, and he said, “Why do we want to launch one of our own? Why don’t we just use yours and you will have a link and we will call it a state program?” And I said, “It is called a ‘Florida Virtual Entrepreneurial Center’ on purpose. It’s all 67 counties are up and running.”</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>They didn’t know it.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>They didn’t know it, but they do now. They had a webinar earlier this week—explained the program, so if you are entrepreneur and want to start or grow a business that won’t cost you anything to use it, and every county is there. You just punch in a county. Roger showed them too. He’s better at show and tell than I am.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>This morning we got the monthly—a monthly report on the activity.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Fourteen thousand.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>Last month, 13,629 visits for all 67 counties, and even though it was a holiday month, that is 3.6 percent—6.5—3.65 percent increase month over month, and out of state, 2,700 from out of state were checking in on that, and out of country, more than 500 people visited to find out what’s available, what’s going on in Florida, “How can I do business here?” It’s an amazing thing.it continues to grow. Kerry, what’s the month to month on that? It’s just amazing numbers.</p>
<p><strong>Martine<br /></strong>Yeah, they have continued to grow since. Probably about 4,700.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>The addition of the other counties. Give Kerry Martine the credit, if you would, because when you see it that is her creativity.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>She is the walking history.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>Okay.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Alright, and the other piece is—though its corridor funded. Doesn’t cost the entrepreneur to use it. Doesn’t cost—like Gray and Robinson, our attorneys—they can post that they are available help entrepreneurs and it doesn’t cost them anything to post. Now, if you would like a little better listing, thanks to Roger Prynn and Kerry Martine—or if you want to sponsor a section you can certainly do that. So when you think of Miami coming up with 10—excuse me—with $7,500, you think of Jacksonville, Duvall County, coming up with $7,500. So we raised about $85,000 last year, before we added all the other counties to offset the cost of what we’ve been putting in—in terms of the cost of people work it in on a daily basis. One of whom is a UCF graduate student named Michael Zaharris, who is an OPS [Other Personnel Services] employee reporting to Tom O’Neal. So again, it is a stateside program housed at UCF. Thank you, Dan.</p>
<p><strong>Lester<br /></strong>I have to say that I think that kind of retaining and growing of businesses is perhaps one of the most important parts of this. I am a Southern historian and I look at the economy across the South, and most of what I see is buying jobs, not retaining them in the long run. I have been interviewed a couple of times by the Federal Reserve [Bank] in Atlanta[, Georgia], about some things I have written about that, and I always say that the South is missing the boat when they keep buying jobs.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Your pride is our pride and getting a call from the economic development organization for Atlanta—the greater Atlanta area—looking to make a corridor from Atlanta and Athens[, Georgia], and they call and say, “How did you do it? What can we do? Can you clone it? Do you mind if we clone it?” And I said…</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>And that is just one of them—one of many. We have had a lot of calls from around the country, from out of the country. I’ve heard Randy talking to people from Thailand.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>From Puerto Rico; the lead attorney for the [Colorado] House [of Representatives] and [Colorado] Senate from the State of Colorado; a co-ed from [Harvard University John F.] Kennedy School of Government wanting to start a high-tech region around Syracuse [University]; Yankton, South Dakota. Are you familiar with Yankton, South Dakota?</p>
<p><strong>Lester<br /></strong>I am not [<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Well, I get this call from Charlie Gross—the then-mayor of Yankton. “We would like to start a high-tech corridor between South Dakota State [University] and University of South Dakota.” He said, “Roughly the same geography, two universities you had two to start. How did you do it? And what do you do?”</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>A lot more cows than people.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Yeah, and I spent three calls—total of six hours—keeping track of these things with Charlie Gross. I get a call from the Head of Economic Development for the Cherokee Nation—they wanted to—my boss is looking at me. Does he look at you like this?</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>All the time.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>All the time. He wanted to diversify their gambling establishment in this Cherokee, North Carolina. Okay? God bless him, and I said, great, and I said “Where do you live, by chance?” Because I know where the gambling establishment is—I never been there—but I know where it is, and he said, “Well I—you probably don’t know it—but I live south of [U.S. Route] 74 on [North Carolina State Road] 28,” and said, “Where?” And he told me, and I said, “Well, if you come about 6 miles further south and turn onto Trailing [Oak] Trail, that’d be where we have a place.” “No kidding?” So I struck up a friendship with a Head of Economic Development at the Cherokee…</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>So Randy’s now a player at the Cherokee Casino.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>Isn’t that a hoot?</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>Yeah, sure. Sure.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Do you remember the old TV program <em>Get Smart</em>? Yeah, but do you remember the episode where they had the Indians who were—they had a nuclear-tipped arrow—coming out of a teepee?</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Out of a teepee?</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Yeah, yeah, and the woman, Smart, says “That is the third-biggest arrow I have ever seen.” [<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Too much.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>You know, you talk about—Connie, you talked about the path here versus buying jobs, and I know that one of the questions you said you were interested in exploring was the role played in the GrowFL[: The Economic Gardening Institute] program, the economic partnership program, and I think—Dan, that goes then along with the others you mentioned as—while there were folks that knew we were behind the kind of a catalyst to get that moving, they don’t realize just what it has done. There are a lot of companies out there that are really benefiting from the kind of counsel and advice they are getting to help them get to the next stage.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>That is the creativity of this university and Tom O’Neal, and convincing as he is to get Roger Pynn and yours truly, and Ray Galley and Amy Evancho to go to Cassopolis, Michigan.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>Cassopolis.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>In November, and then he doesn’t get to go. He is still here in the middle of November—to…</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>He was the lucky one, as far as I was concerned</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Smarter guy. Well, he has a doctorate from here and an MBA [Master of Business Administration], what do you expect? Mrs. Lowe has this wonderful facility—of 2,600 acres that housed 14 farms, knob them together, we get all the farmhouses—she was staying in a nicely redone farmhouse—to you can stay in their center, and what they share is economic gardening in Littleton, Colorado. The experience that community has of losing a 10,000-employee Lockheed Martin plant, and they decided that never again would they be dependent on one facility for their livelihood. So they started by building their own, and so the orchestration of that is the platform for this GrowFL program. You need to ask how did Mr. Lowe made his millions? Kitty litter. Oh, oh, I should have let her answer. You know she has 2,600 acres around Arcadia, Florida? Special.</p>
<p><strong>Lester<br /></strong>Yes.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>She is a cool lady. Very devoted to what we started.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>So the idea that we could bootstrap our own companies—and one of our own council members, George Gordon, went through it. Said after—in fact, we’ve used him—as you know, Dan—thanks to your leadership in the House and Senate to give testimony. He said, “Randy, not since my days at Annapolis[, Maryland] have I been grilled, and even there, as much as I was grilled by people who knew more about my business than I did.” As a way of taking another look at how you might be a better business person and make your company more profitable.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>You know, I went through the CEO round-table portion, and I was amazed to see folks who had very sophisticated companies. Particularly one of them has a company fella—has a company called Alinea. They are an Internet services commission. Brilliant guy, and he was eyes wide open in that process, sharing around the table the program is facilitating, and one day, he stopped in the middle of it, got up and left, because he had gotten the answer he needed. We didn’t see him for two months, until he had finished implementing it.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>It’s amazing when you can see what happens in our state. When our Governor,<a title="">[5]</a> who had received some poor advice last year, vetoed the program that we were told by his staff he was going to approve, and then, within two weeks of the veto in The Villages, was out in the state espousing the virtues of supporting small states, two companies. We need to do more of that, and so we had some folks whisper to his team to whisper in his ear, “You just vetoed the least expensive program in the state that has created the most jobs for the least amount of money,” and so we think that impetus, as well as some excellent work on Dan’s part and the team—two million? Two million in refunding this year. Corridor funded it, and then we get a call from Jennifer Thompson, who’d been told by [Orange County] Mayor [Teresa] Jacobs that they found some extra money in Orange County, and Jennifer didn’t want to invest in sidewalks. She wanted to invest in companies. I heard about this GrowFL program, and I’d like to learn more about it. Tom O’Neal took a meeting with her, made a friendship—$50,000. For a while, that $50,000 was happening. We, of course, went to the [Orange] County on the north to say to Randy Morris and his mentee, Bob Dallari, who is now chair of Seminole County—just reelected—that this is going to happen in Orange County. So Seminole County said, “Well, we want that too,” and they put in $50,000 to help this program, to match our $50,000 that we put in to keep it alive last year, and now, it is obviously going great guns this year, because the State has seen fit to invest in it. It is run out of UCF, but it’s a statewide program.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>These things are good examples of what you can do with discretionary funds under enlightened leadership, and when people talk about—they want to reproduce the corridor or try to expand their operations or activities—we do have a foundation that nobody else in the state has. Nobody else in the state has been able to get or sustain. Randy gives you an example of how I think he very wisely has used a lot of these funds that uses them as incentives or matches or initial investments, but the truth of the matter is: without those dollars, he could not do that, and it is very hard for others to get that same hold. I don’t think today we could do that. With the current economic situation and the current political leadership. I don’t think we could do it.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>We’re a 501(c)(6) in the State of Florida with a fairly substantial budget by comparison. How many employees do we have? We are all consultants to the enterprise.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Oh, I see.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>It is the most cost-effective way of running it. The idea that you would have a corporation set up to do these things, as we talked in ‘96—where does the money reside? It resides at the two universities. Well, three, because we have been able to get some one-time funding on occasion from UF, and hope to remedy that, and get David [P.] Norton, their new VP of Research—said it is their number 1 priority, and he is going to make sure Bernie says it is their number 1 priority to get recurring funding at UF for corridor funds, but the funds reside at the university, because if they transferred them to the corridor, a private corporation, you have a red flag. You have a target.</p>
<p>Oh, by the way, having a county organization at AT&T, here’s—excuse me—I have really good people that did it, and I kind of showed up. The county thinks it is an expense, but the university managing it through their existing processes—both in county and the auditing, the corridor doesn’t have to incur that expense; therefore, we can use more of our corridor funds to do the matching projects that Dan just talked about, but you know—see, I don’t trust there. We have been doing this—finishing 16 years. You are chronicling it. How many issues have we had over the spending of funds in that many years?</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>Except for your travel budget? Oh, excuse me [<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>My travel budget. Saks takes me to Dallas later—later this week, and you are right. It’s been an experience.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>We just…</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>You told me. You tell them about that.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>He told me he wanted to come on a commission of colleges. I warned him, “Do you have any clue what you are getting into?”</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>“You have a clue what you are getting into?” I said, “No, but I have got some real goods friends who can help.” The idea is that the university has trusted its volunteers, as well as consultants, as well as team members, to do the right thing, to spend the money in the correct fashion. The majority of the funds are spent on the matching grants project. People say, “You have an organization. It’s got what it does and so…” it is really like an “ad hoc-racy.” We come together, we address an issue, address the problem, put some resources to it. By the way, we thought we created that term—you are a historian—we found out. We did some checks. I think Roger did it—it was created—somebody came up with it in ’72.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>“Ad hoc-racy?”</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>An ad hoc-racy.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>It was not a compliment.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>No, right, but we come together, address an issue, find some funds, get some other people who have some funds, do it, and move in.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>We did. Randy and I in the last year requested an audit, because with all the things that keep popping out, they finished the audit, having given us a written report. There are no questions, not management statements, any negatives.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>She asked for a little more in terms of elaborating on why we are putting money into the GrowFL program, and I think we can fix that. So I got a hold up Fran Korosec, and said, “Fran, I need a little more information on the use of corridor funds.” Immediately fixed that.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>I have to confess: I did not know it at the time. I would like to take credit for it, or give us credit for it, but using that term attract—attract implies recruiting public relations, advertisement things that you—a lot of things you can’t do with state-funded money, because the original appropriation has that word “attract” in it. Randy is exempted from some of the regulations. For instance, he can do things with state money that we can’t that relate to meetings and conferences. I wish we could say we were that smart in the beginning, but it just worked out that way.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>I always said you were that smart.</p>
<p><strong>Lester<br /></strong>Since you are talking about funding—I have been teaching a class this semester in U.S. economic history. Divided my students into groups and each group did a project, and one group did a project on the High-Tech Corridor. So that way did their presentation today—and I said, “I’m coming…”</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>No, no. wait a minute. Excuse me—we are having this conversation today. I had the conversation with the FIU lady and now your class…</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>Randy is writing a book on small worlds.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>I have a book on small worlds. I should work harder on this book, but really? This is…</p>
<p><strong>Lester<br /></strong>Well, they gave a very nice presentation, and after it was over, I told them I was coming to this meeting and I said, “If you had a question to present to this group, what would you ask?” And they thought about it and then they asked, “What is the role of venture capital in the Florida High-Tech Corridor? Is there a role, and if there is, what is it?”</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>It is us. We are unique venture capitalists.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>We are venture capital.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>That is what we are, and the uniqueness is we don’t ask for our money back. Find a venture capitalist that will do that and not ask for their money back and I would like to see which asylum the gentleman is with.</p>
<p><strong>Lester<br /></strong>Well, I think they were asking generally about private venture capital.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>Well, I think there are two sides to that, Randy. We do want. We are very supportive of the venture capital organizations, the Florida venture…</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Florida venture—we are supportive even though—if I may?</p>
<p><strong>Lester<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>They changed their model about a year ago, and said we will no longer support small companies, and as gently as I could, I am saying, “Well, you may just have lost a sponsor.” Because we can’t be attached to that regimented approach to lunacy of not supporting your livelihood going forward. It doesn’t make any sense. They changed the administration. They changed the board.</p>
<p><strong>Lester<br /></strong>And this is?</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>The Florida Venture Forward, and you will find the gentleman’s name on this list is now part of our Tuesday morning call. He called and said, “If I told you we’ve changed and have gone back to supporting small companies, can we come back to the fold?” I said, “Absolutely.” So…</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>It could be an un—or under-developed part of what we do though. We really—that has probably been the thing we have talked the least about, and I am not involved day-to-day with this, so, you know—but if I could think of one area I could say we might do more in from my standpoint…</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Your students are very astute.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>But GrowFL has that as one of its objectives, so we use our funds to help start GrowFL and support that aspect of their mission.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>But we have done, over the years, a number of things to support and expand venture capital flowing into the state. We hosted a group on the far western end that came here from around the country—I am trying to think of the name of it—but they go—they are actually an international group, and they go from market to market very quietly and find a sponsor like us to come in and show them what’s there.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>We have been very supportive of the for—and I think you are really right. that’s an area that we—and this may be the time of us to step back and look and say, “What can we do?” Because it’s a one—we are two things. We get with our Central Florida Tech for or the Tampa Bay Tech for two issues: workforce, finding the town, and venture capital, and that is why Randy always says we are venture capital, because though we started with a mega-giant like AT&T as our partner, there are a lot of companies that are getting funding for that through that matching grant research program that otherwise it would have to come through a venture capitalist.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>May I compliment your students, number one? And number two, we have a pretty strong history of funding starving graduate and doctoral students. Twelve—excuse me—2,400 through our matching grants program over the 16 years, and Kerry is the keeper of that stat. We have two interns right now in Tom O’Neal’s shop helping us with economic impact studies that we do, but the question they have posed presents an opportunity for some corridor funding back to your organization and to them. I don’t believe as a state we do a good enough job of chronicling the venture capital invested in who, what, when, where, why, and how. Who are the venture capitalists investing in—in our state? How much? If we can capture that, but take it more than just venture. If I can expand their question, and have it friends and family starting with some crazy things I’ve done over the years, I have to admit, as well as angel funds, which I had that much money to qualify for that, and all the way to venture. Alright? And in doing that, they will get a better understanding of the difference in those categories and who they apply to, but more importantly, we may end up with a better study then we’ve ever had in terms of what is happening in Florida, and what can we do then to change the paradigm that we think exists of the folks that are in Peter’s category of having some megabucks and all? And why is he not investing in Florida, but in this—well, I know he’s investing in the Carolinas—but, the history we think we have…</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>You are making a pretty good payment from the Cherokee Nation [<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>That is going to my church. What can we do to identify better why we think the folks that have some money to invest are investing it in the states and the companies in the states from whence they came? Okay, so…</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Well—or in California and New York or in California. I didn’t mean my comment to be at all critical of what we are or are not doing, but if I had to think of one area that we might be doing something in that I sort of thought—and heard the least about in discussions on the corridor—that is probably it.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Right. That’s it. Right on target.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>And that might be an opportunity for us.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>You’re on the leadership board with some of the Metro Orlando EDC [Economic Development Commission] and some of the refocusing things they are doing. To have this study, maybe have it annually for them—for the EDC—critical. In terms of—it’s just not having major hunting in major boxes. It’s growing and starting and growing our own and having a better idea of the potential of investment capital, no matter what size. We would benefit from that. So compliment them, please and the astuteness of their question.</p>
<p><strong>Lester<br /></strong>Well, I was somewhat shocked when they come up with that question.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>It’s a good question.</p>
<p><strong>Lester<br /></strong>It’s a good question. Since you have brought up the subject of workforce as well, one of the things that struck me about the High-Tech Corridor as opposed to some other places, is the amount of effort that has gone into the partnerships to create a solid workforce that is going to do more than just put together widgets, but actually had make a contribution. So if you could talk about that…</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>That’s from the golf—that’s from the golf course. We’re sitting on…</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>A lot of things happen on the golf course.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>John goes—John goes…</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Some of them we can talk about.</p>
<p><strong>Lester<br /></strong>Yes, I understand.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>John goes, “Let me get this straight,” and this is—gosh. This has to be 12 years ago? This was when Feeney was Speaker. He said, “You want to take some corridor money and invest it with the community—community—community colleges.” Yeah. I said, “Yeah, John. You want to be the number one metropolitan partnering university, and if you don’t help the companies that are in your backyard do a better job getting the technicians they need, and getting the technicians a chance to get a baccalaureate, you are not going to be as successful in the partner category as you could be, and when you think about the great relationships that exist between UCF and the State and community colleges, the idea of funding seven of the Associate’s Degrees—which is what we ended up doing with a little bit before we got the funding, thanks to Dan and Speaker Feeney—but the workforce money we have received with seven different state community colleges funding those Associate’s Degrees—that’s pretty special, and we put about an average of 150,000 into each one of them, with the caveat that the community—state college—community college would bring its industry to the table, define the need, develop the curriculum from what the industry said the need was, but then structure it in such a way that the graduate—should they elect to do so—could go on and get a baccalaureate. Now, I will give you an example and watch your facial expression. Volusia did the Modeling Simulation and Training degree. There have been 600 enrollees. Ask me how many graduates have graduated to date. Program’s about 4 years old—5 years old.</p>
<p><strong>Lester<br /></strong>How many?</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Thirty. You see? You see that? And the individual—when I reacted the same way, I’m going, “Why did we put the money—why did we—what—with 30 graduates?” He said, “You didn’t ask the right question.” It goes back to your question in support of workforce. I said, “What?” He said, “Ask a different question.” He said, “Why don’t you ask me how many have jobs?” Light bulbs, light bulbs. He said, “All of them.” I said, “You are telling…” He said, “They are hiring them after they get their first year in. There is enough guts to the program that the corridor helped them devise, based on industry input to get enough that the industry hired them after they finish the first year.” Now I am going, “What happened to this idea of allowing the technicians to get a baccalaureate?” He says, “You’re helping the industry through the program that you funded. They can’t—they can’t get these—they can’t get enough of these technicians.”</p>
<p><strong>Panousis<br /></strong>That goes back on—remember when you were looking for people? We could find engineers. We paid enough money to a company in California or wherever. We could not find technicians. We started some of the programs in community colleges.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge</strong><br />The first one—the first one—it was—and…</p>
<p><strong>Panousis<br /></strong>We were paying a lot of money. We were stealing them from [Walt] Disney [World] and other companies, but there weren’t enough around to really fill it.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>It was…</p>
<p><strong>Panousis<br /></strong>That was the most difficult job to fill was a technician.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>That was the first one.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>And that’s also why we started Tech Path.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Tech Path.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>It was originally Chip Camp.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>I had forgotten that.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>And…</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>There’s a—there’s a thing in a book that really influenced me—Lester [Carl] Thurow’s book, <em>Head to Head</em>[<em>: The Coming Economic Battle Among Japan, Europe and America</em>]. He says that economists in Germany make more than they do in the U.S, and that is because the technicians in Germany make more. You know, the guys out on the floor who really make this stuff make more, and that’s a lesson we…</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Ben Noll…</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Need to learn.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Head of the Interactive Game Academy. When he was number 2 at Electronic Arts or whatever his COR…</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>Sacher.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Right. When we asked him to be at the table to help determine the digital media Associate’s Degree at Seminole State College, he was Electronic Arts and had only technicians. Within about four months of that, he transitioned from Electronic Arts to FIAA, and he called—and I will count on you to clean this up if it makes your report—he said, “I will find the biggest crow in Central Florida. I’ll cook it any way you ask me to cook it, and I will eat it in front of any audience you choose.” He said, “I need technicians.” He said, “I want technicians to go through the UCF program, but coming in as technicians, because they offer a different perspective, but all are needed. That I need—I need the technician perspective, and then the baccalaureate, and then we will do some really neat things with them at FIAA.” But ask Ben Noll about that. He reaffirmed that, by the way, because he hosted our tech camp—the one that took place today, this morning. Kicked off for I/ITSEC [Interservice/Industry Training, Simulation and Education Conference] —the last one was at FIAA, which he hosted and he allowed me to tell this story, so that the teachers from schools all over the corridor would understand that their students. It’s all right to be a technician as well as then get your baccalaureate.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>So what that means is that everything we do is really workforce development. Every bit of it, and he who wins at workforce development wins at economic development.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>2,400 students.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>Starting with kids in the middle schools and high schools.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>In fact, if M. J. or Tom were here, or Dr. Sanberg, or Tracy Swartz, or—or David—David Gordon—UF—or Shava Jackson-Carr—who runs a program there—they would tell you that, if a program gets to ask desk for approval—Peter is still one of our approvers—doesn’t have students built into it—hm?</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>Doesn’t happen.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Very rarely does it happen now, because the intent was—we are doing applied research to help a company, but we want students as a part of that process.</p>
<p><strong>Lester<br /></strong>Excellent.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>Clark hasn’t asked any questions, have you noticed that?</p>
<p><strong>Clark<br /></strong>Been wonderful.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Oh, and I thought it was just Roger.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>Come on, we are so good at this, listen—he never—he never misses a chance to zing me a little bit.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>No, no. He’d never.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>I have a string today, John. I’ve got him under control.</p>
<p><strong>Clark<br /></strong>I have—I have talked to Connie about this. Although it is called the I-4 Corridor, is there any limit to the north-south expansion?</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>We actually changed the name from I-4, because it turned out, you couldn’t trademark the name of an Interstate [Highway], so it’s the Florida High-Tech Corridor now. It can be the XYZ Corridor if somebody else wanted…</p>
<p><strong>Clark<br /></strong>But could you see—it keeping going?</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>It’s in Gainesville.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Well, you have to have business.</p>
<p><strong>Clark<br /></strong>Even north of Gainesville or south…</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>But you’ve got to have business and some kind of employment. It wouldn’t have to necessarily high-tech, but you—you need an employer base that you work with.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>We’ve used it as leverage. The governor has accepted it. Thanks to John and Bernie’s oratorical skills, witnessed by some folks in the room. We were a plank in the governor’s—one of eight—in the governor’s economic development plan, when he was governor-elect. If you look at the most recent report out of the foundation for—Florida’s Chamber Foundation—we are a plank in their 20 year plan to replicate this around the state. Mark Rosenberg, because of the friendship, because of working together, has said, “We would like to clone what you have done it, how you’ve done it, from Miami to Orlando.” Didn’t call it the I[nterstate]-95. He just simply called it—in fact, Roger and Kerry have been helpful in trying to get him to name it. The idea is rather than become one huge—we think it’s five city-states in our state regardless of what we try to do to make it a state. Why not build on that strength? We complement each other…</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>We’ve tried. We’ve tried to—for instance, Jim, connect all the way to the Gulf Coast and become a South Florida version of this. We basically cover the central portion of the state, because we are a partnership of the three universities. We define it as you’ve gotta be in the primary service areas of the universities. Now, Florida, as a land grant, has this statewide mission, but they are—they have defined—was it Alachua [County]? And they added two counties.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Bernie agreed—I know you are quick to go away there, but that didn’t go anywhere, but Bernie agreed that we would try to keep the idea of a corridor, so therefore it was just Alachua and Putnam [County] that we added, when we added UF, and that was their request.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>But you really do have to have an identifiable employment base that you are going to service and it can be high-tech, it can be something else.</p>
<p><strong>Clark<br /></strong>So you are encouraging Mark to start his own, not join you.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Yes, sir. Yes, sir.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Well, if he wanted to join us, that’s fine, but he—he stills needs a base of employment down there. He needs some companies he is serving who will work in partnership with him. Absent that he can get appropriations, you can get all the free consulting from us—from Randy—that we could possibly give, but he won’t have an organic entity. You’ve got to have the real partnership. You’ve got to have a Peter Panousis, who says, “I need the research.” You know? “I’ve got a series of problems that we can work on together,” and absent that, you’ve just got another university office.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>We got the first funding based on the success of what was done for Peter through the two universities. We got the second funding—based on skills that Dr. Holsenbeck—Dr. Holsenbeck has—we got the second funding because of Peter, but also because of what we did with the money the first year. We got the third round of funding—again, the confluence of Toni Jennings, Dan Webster—leadership, leadership, leadership, but you gotta do something with the money. So the third round of funding came because we had branched out by that time, and we had done projects, like we did with Peter. We had done projects, started to do projects with companies of all sizes.</p>
<p>So what we said to Mark—Mark called about three months ago, before he lost Davina. He said, “We’ve been meeting a lot.” I said, “Yes, sir.” “We’ve been meeting a lot.” I said, “Yeah. I got it the first time.” He said, “All we’ve been doing is meeting.” I said—“Mark, you’ve got it.” I said, “Just do something. Just do it. Okay?” And he goes, “Okay. What do you suggest?” I said, “Mark, you got a research foundation?” “Yeah.” “You got $250,000?” “Yeah.” “Does M. J. have a research foundation at FAU [Florida Atlantic University]?” “Yeah.” “Got $250,000?” “Yeah.” “Do you have friendship with the University of Miami?” “Yeah. kinda sorta.” I said, “Do they have a research foundation?” “Yeah.” I said, “Then why don’t you each put up 250,000 and just start doing projects like we’ve been doing projects? And once you’ve demonstrated success, I think you’ll have a better chance of getting some matching funds from the state to start doing what we are doing.” Besides you’re gonna get your money back off they call them—recovering’s or loadings—or what’s the proper term when it is charged to the companies?</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>Overhead.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Overhead.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>Indirect overhead.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>The other thing you just said that I think is really important is you encouraged him to talk to M. J., at least, M. J. is not Soileau’s; it’s Sanders, president down there at FAU. The people in the Legislature and other people in the communities like to see universities work together. So the fact that it isn’t just one university working in the community helps in generating financial and others helps. So I think that is really good advice, but they’ve got to have a few employers down there between that whole corridor from Fort Lauderdale, down to essentially Miami-Dade [County], they’ve got to have a few employers they could enlist to come in as part of this.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>I think, John, at this point, they haven’t quite figured out that part of the equation. All the schools are together, all the economic developers are together, and the private sector hasn’t been brought to the table yet.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>They won’t get anywhere ultimately until they do that. I mean, that’s the…</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Right.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>What Randy’s advice was: we’ll get two or three private developers on board for that match.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>But they need to reach out and ask. If they look at their foundation, let alone if they got it, even without a research foundation—just the university foundation—they’ve almost certainly got a few employers who are in manufacturing or some research operation they can bring in and just say, “Look, give us your research folks to attend a few séances here, and let’s try to get this going.”</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>We represent, for instance, Florida Power and Light [Company]. We have asked them to come to the table. I am sure they will. Through our partnership with MSW, we represent United Technologies [Corporation] and Pratt [&] Whitney. I was down there a couple weeks ago, and I asked one of the plant executives about how much research is done. He said, “Well, you know, we do a lot of primary research in this specific area” —which I am not allowed to tell you about or he would shoot me—but something very important, but he said, “We got applied research going on all the time.” So when we have this conversation, I’m going to put those people together for you. That’s the kind of partnership that I mean—jet propulsion.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Yeah, you’d think they’d kill for that. But, you know, Peter, you shared with me years back that a lot of the most profit-enhancing, if you will, work that you did in cooperation with the corridor, I think, was—was really operational research. You know, the industrial—classic industrial engineering.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>Got to make it better.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Yeah, and that—you could be operating—you could be working with a trucking firm.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>And—and have—have opportunities there.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Yeah, that’s right. We did one at USF.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Well, but, you know, you don’t have to be in necessarily a high-tech industry to have really good engineering and scientific impact.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>You know…</p>
<p><strong>Panousis<br /></strong>[inaudible] that work there. It is really very valuable. You have as many kind of operation with stuff moving through a production line—and I use the term “production line” loosely, because it could be chemicals, it could be medicine, could be anything, but things are moving and they are limited by processes. Understanding that process is very important, and that’s something universities spend a lot of time on and was very valuable for us. We got a lot of out of it.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>It’s one of the basic skill sets that IEs brings to the table.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>One of the things that I think will help them is to broaden their horizon. One of the things that has been very powerful for us is the fact that we focus on a number of sectors. We have limited it other than to attach it to the areas that the partner universities believed were their real strengths, where there was the potential for a cluster to develop, where we were—we had teaching and researching in other areas that matched the interest of some industry that’s already here—modeling, simulation, aerospace. When Bernie and the University of Florida joined, they said, “Hey, don’t forget agro-tech.” We hadn’t even—I don’t think any of us had heard the term before. You know? But there’s a lot of technology that mirrors life sciences in agro-business. Right now, the folks in South Florida are focused solely on life sciences. They have—they believe for whatever reason that because of Scripts, because of the success in bringing them down there that that’s the ticket to ride. A few years back, they were the “Internet Coast.”</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>And they are looking—they are trying to figure out—they need to look to their strengths.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>That didn’t go anywhere.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>No, they need to look…</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Still at the beach.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>They need to look to their broad, academic strengths, and say, “Who can we match this to in support?”</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>One—excuse me—just a quick answer to your question too, by using a quick example is [Central Florida] Research Park. A lot of people ask High-Tech Corridor and the Research Park to, “Come help us be successful,” and Research Park is—you could build a research park and set up an office. And, by that, I mean just the land and the infrastructure and set up an office, and that’s what the folks at Innovation Way [Corridor] have already contracted with us to do. Joe didn’t ever go out there, okay? Because somebody like Peter has to come in and express an interest in being there. So why—how do you start these kinds of things? Research Park is a good example. You have to have some tenants. Our Research Park owes its success not to the High-Tech Corridor, but to the simulation and modeling industry and the presence of the [U.S.] Military. That’s why it’s doing what it is.</p>
<p><strong>Clark<br /></strong>Doctor, do you think that the involvement of the business community, going back 16 years, helped get other things approved, such as the medical school, the stadium? That is—you coming into contact with all these business leaders, and business community getting to know you, and the university coming to trust you guys?</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Yeah, I think that’s the way it works, it wasn’t say—if you think about either of the projects you mentioned, it wasn’t the nuts and bolts of them. It was the fact that they associated us with a successful enterprise. That we had been able to—helped organize something and get it really working, and they had seen the university as a competent organization</p>
<p><strong>Clark</strong> So is it possible that those things might not have happened if it hadn’t been for the initiative of the High-Tech Corridor ?</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Well, I suppose so. You know, I—probably less so with the—less so with the stadium, but when you ask people to get behind something as complicated as getting the medical school approved, probably the perceived success of the—of the High-Tech Corridor was a really…</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>I can give you one very solid example. Ken Pruitt, President of the Senate—we are trying to get FIA, and I go in and talk to Ken and explain—this was—this was this was, I think, the two years before he became president. He was Chairman of [the Committee on Appropriations], I believe, and I go sit down and talk to him, and I said, “You’ve heard about the FIA project and what we are trying to do there?” And maybe a few words changed, but this is exactly the way the conversation went. “Do I need to give you a white paper or do I need to put any other facts or anything together for you?” And that’s the absolutely truth. He looked at me and he said, “If John Hitt says this is what you’re going to do with the money, and this is what it will do, then I am okay.” That’s exactly what he said, and the FIA money was eventually in the budget.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>I forgot—Dan had told me that story at one point and I forgot it. There’s an important thing nested within that, that Dan and others at the table deserve credit on too. Universities sometimes get a bad reputation for taking money to do one thing and then doing something else with it, and that’s something that Dan and I have worked very hard to get all of our people to understand. You don’t do that. If you ever want to get money again from those people, don’t do that. You ask for the money to do X, you do X. If for some reason that can’t happen, you go back to them, and if need be and re-appropriate it, but don’t just take it under the supposition—promise—that you will do one thing and do something else with it. That’s deadly. Surprising how often it happens.</p>
<p><strong>Lester<br /></strong>Well, I have a couple—couple of last questions. One of them is: where do you see as the challenges now that you are 15 years into this?</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>The answer I was honored to give a couple weeks ago in a similar setting was—if you believe in partnership, and it really is a partnership and you put yourself on the line—so I called Dan last week, following a conversation I had with David Norton, and I said, “David, we’ve been trying through some very, very tough times to get even one-time funding, let alone recurring funding for—for UF.” But it’s still a major objective. The governor accepted 5 million per state university that wanted to adopt our program on the basis that the money would come to us, we would validate their program, and only once we validated their program, would the money be transferred to said university. In doing so, that would have increased our funding as well, which we would be very happy, when you think in terms of UCF running through the budget by January-February, which it has historically done, that would tell you that there are plenty of projects.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>Let me explain that—running—running through the research projects, not running out of money.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>The budget is appropriation is consumed by January-February, because we have that many great projects coming to the university to partner with corridor money to do the applied research. You forget was—if you had an amount more than we have now—we have taken budget cuts just as the university has, of course. Well, we could do more, if we had more in terms of funding, but we didn’t put it that way. What we put it was—establish the program for any state university that wanted to do what we were doing. We said in the process, our three—UCF, USF, and UF—we would like to see recurring funding initially at the 2 million level for UF. So that’s a major goal. So hopefully it doesn’t take the next 15 years to get that done. That would be a major goal.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>I think one of the things we have got to—to address—I think we have been doing so, but look around the table we are not spring chickens. And, I mean, even a young guy like Roger. You know? But, you know, this Friday—I guess it is I will be 72 years old. I don’t know how much longer I’m going to be President [of the University of Central Florida], but it’s not another 20 years plus, and Randy’s gonna want to be fully retired one day, as well Ben, and Peter already is—the rascal. So you know we’ve gotta—I think we’ve institutionalized things pretty well, but if you got a president who just didn’t understand or commit to partnership, it would be hard for this to survive. When you think about the five goals, and partnership, and how much we are invested as an institution in that concept and in practice, I don’t think it’s likely that the next president will not care about partnership. I think that will be a criteria in the selection process that we’ve set up, but that’s clearly an issue, you know? Does it survive the person—the people who put it in place and operating it and sustaining that for 16 years?</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Bernie is in the process of going on to his next vocation—or vocation or what have you—dentist, I believe. Researcher, as well as a dentist.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>I bet he doesn’t go back to pulling teeth.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>No?</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Oh, no. He’s going to be here in Orlando for a lot of this time.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>So…</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>Is he?</p>
<p><strong>Lester<br /></strong>Really?</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>A transition plan for a couple years now.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>With the research center?</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Yeah, in developing part health partnership—expanding, I think, on what they’ve got with Orlando Health and…</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>Wonderful.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>We have shared it this morning from folks all over the country that are part of this. It’s a program—some nationally acclaimed teachers—we have been recognized through the tech camp tech path program as the best of the best in terms of the state of Florida for STEM [Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics] programs. I want the gentleman sitting to your right to close his ears now. We’ve had his leadership in trying to bridge a number of STEM programs at our universities and in our region. PRISM [Promoting Regional Improvement in Science and Math]—I don’t like the term—no matter how you succinctly you try to pronounce the first thing that comes to mind is not an optical device or an acronym for STEM programs. Anyway, He lets me say that each time we get together, but the idea of merging all of these STEM programs across the region to make them more effective would be a target for sooner than later in the next 15 years. It needs to happen. With limited resources, Roger’s team has put together every school superintendent. Thanks to Jim Shot and others across our—is there ten? Ten of them?</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>Ten.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Ten counties. So that’s the lynchpin you’ve got—that you’ve got the school superintendents that have come and gone. Bill Vogel—his replacement—Orange County—he’ll shoot me—just retired from Orange County.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>Ron Walker.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Don’t tell Ron I did that. All this transition and they’re still together, but they’re only…</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Yeah, but his successor’s also a [UCF] Knight.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>UCF alumni.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>That’ll help. That’s right.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>The school superintendent in Orange, Seminole, Lake County. All three of ‘em. ’80, ’81, ’82 grads.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>That’ll help us keep that group together, but there is so much more in terms of potential. So how do we do a better job or orchestrating and sharing best practices?</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>We take so much for granted. The ability to partner vertically in this—Central Florida. It’s not even the case in a lot of the rest of the state, where, you know, where you could say, we’re going to work with the schools, we’re going to work with the state colleges. Hell, there are parts of the state where they’re at war with one another. Not only do they not collaborate and cooperate, they’re fighting one another, and we tend to take that for granted here.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>Yeah. Instead of working together in difficult times—without mentioning the topics, because I think it is like this right here, a signed docent—but the school system and the community colleges have to come to us for a joint endeavor, and that’s an example, and we all talked—the three government relations people—as we sat around the table and talked, and we said, “Do you know anywhere else—not only in the state, but maybe in the country—where this kind of initiative would come from the K-12?” So I think that’s something unique. I think one of the long-range goals is that we need to move with even more design and strategy to emerge as truly the statewide model, and help everywhere we can go and every corner of Florida to instill this program, and I think that should be one of our goals, and Roger knows this. I think he and Kerry—his organization—do a great job, but I still think, as I said a while ago, we need to double our efforts to make the policy-makers aware of all these other programs that are going on behind the scenes that are so vital to the foundation of creating that high-tech knowledge and the workforce to go along with it.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>And that to me—and I talk about this all the time—having this history is such an important tool for us in our toolbox to tell that story. So once we’ve chronicled where this thing’s been, it’s a lot easier to do that. Hit somebody over the head with a book.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>And one last goal that I think would really help us—and I’ve been saying this for years—and it takes the M. J.’s and the faculty, but we need one huge hit, one great big project that the three institutions secure together. We need a high-tech SymTech or a high-tech something with hundreds of millions of dollars from the Federal level, and if we could ever get all those faculty members working together unselfishly on that level to come up with some sort of sharing program on that, I think that would be an indelible footprint on the map of what we’re about.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>And that brings up a point that we really haven’t talked about here. It ain’t for not trying that we haven’t gotten there. Behind the scenes, we’ve made some incredible efforts…</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>To try and focus Federal energy and other grant-making activities on this region. We’ve come very close, and the great news is that out of that we have—I always look at it as part of that pajama hotline we have on Tuesday mornings—we have a bunch of people on the phone on Tuesday mornings who can respond like that—put together responses for opportunities. One of these days—we’re going to hit another...</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>SymTech was one.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>We’ve had two by the way. Guess that—from what company the two projects came from? Yeah. You’re good. Yeah. One of your graduates, and it was a wafer-polishing deal where we brought professors and students in from USF and UCF to work on.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>You know, there’s a good example too of what Roger said—the learning that takes place as you respond to these. We were a lot better in our attempts to bring Sanford-Burnham [Medical Research Institute] here than we were in our attempts to bring Scripts here. I mean we learned a lot from the near-miss on Scripts, and we were a lot closer on that then people knew. What’s the guy’s name that’s head of Scripts, who’s going to retire now?</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>Richard…</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Yeah, and he was—when we were out at the airport before they left to go down south, he was asking if I’d come out and meet with his board the next week. We were—we were that close to getting that, but I correctly forecasted we would not. The farther they got away from us, the more his desire to be down there with the billionaires would take over, and that’s what happened.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>The area also looked like La Jolla[, San Diego, California]. A lot of those people were coming…</p>
<p><strong>Lester<br /></strong>Yes.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>Because they wanted that environmental landscape.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>You know, we—we had the better offer in terms of what we could really provide for them, but there’s was a lifestyle component that was very important to them and I thought the closer they got to that—the farther they got from Lake Nona and what we were offering them, the less we were going to be happy with the result, and that’s indeed what happened, but boy, what we learned. Not just here at the university, but what Orlando and—and Orange County learned made a big difference in the next effort.</p>
<p><strong>Clark<br /></strong>One thing that surprised me ever since we got involved in this was: in so many places, the local university is either the 500 pound gorilla—and I am thinking Yale [University] and New Haven[, Connecticut] —or else is an ivory tower that almost is ashamed of—Duke [University] and Durham[, North Carolina]—being in the community, and this is really very unique. This is—I—I can’t think of other—other cities where this has happened, where the local university…</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>There are a few.</p>
<p><strong>Clark<br /></strong>Has played such a role in the business community.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Yeah, yeah. No, and that makes a big difference for us, in the support we can get for various things.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>That’s how we had University of Florida [inaudible] Dean of Engineering, a friend—I guess they’ve been together in a past life—with President [Bernie] Machen. Vermont called and said, “We’d like to join the corridor,” and said, “We’re honored.” On asking why, he said, “Well, there’s no way we can stay on the top 20 or have any hope of getting into the top 10 of engineering colleges in the U.S. if we don’t climb out of our ivory tower and get down and start partnering with companies to do applied research.” Not basic—applied research. Oh, by the way, his stats—and he knew it—70 percent of those companies in Florida “were in your corridor, and we’d like to partner with them.”</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>I know we can come down, but that’s not the way to do it. We want to figure out how to partner with you.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>I think that’s a change in attitude among the institutions…</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>Again, which is to your credit, is this concept of partnership—that it does work, because I think what Randy said is, Bernie could be here, do whatever he wants to do. He does need us, but in reality, he could do it without us.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Yeah, he could, and it’s a closely-held strategic view. They see, as he puts it, we are the survivors, and they would like to work with us. I hope that survives Bernie.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>Yes, that’s the—that’s always the question.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Always the question. You know, if you’ve got an old-style, rigid, competitor mentality that it might not, but…</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>John, I think going—part of [inaudible] we will know that very quickly, but that search committee was given the sense of the importance of that partnership.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Well, and in their chair in that David Brown again? He and Bernie are really good in that selection.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>What can we do for you?</p>
<p><strong>Lester<br /></strong>Well, I—this is…</p>
<p><strong>Clark<br /></strong>You had another question, you said?</p>
<p><strong>Lester<br /></strong>They answered it.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt</strong> <br />Did they? Okay.</p>
<p><strong>Lester<br /></strong>In going through that. This has been very helpful. A lot of the things that you said I kind of gathered through looking at other things and I kind of had the intuition that this was the way it was, but it is very helpful to hear you say it and confirm it. That that’s the way it was, and there was some new things I learned, and I know your time was very valuable and I really appreciate the time.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>This was fun.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Thank you.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Thank you. Yes.</p>
<p><strong>Lester<br /></strong>I have to say, on a much smaller level, I’ve worked at a couple big universities before I got here. This is the first university I’ve been to that actually meant it when it says “partnership,” and even in the [UCF] History Department, RICHES [Regional Initiative for Collecting the History, Experiences, and Stories of Central Florida] now has 28 partnerships between different departments, the community, and businesses.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>Oh, wow.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>You guys and gals over there are doing partnerships. It—it’s known.</p>
<p><strong>Lester</strong> It’s really been amazing to me how well that works.</p>
<p><strong>Clark<br /></strong>Did you know we have our own museum now? Up in Sanford?<a title="">[6]</a></p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>You’re the dinosaur.</p>
<p><strong>Clark<br /></strong>A number of people have said…</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>Can I get two points?</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>You’re a leg up on three points</p>
<p><strong>Lester<br /></strong>But you know…</p>
<p><strong>Clark<br /></strong>A number of people I’ve talked to, involved in this, have said that giving me a pay raise would enhance the university.</p>
<p><strong>Lester<br /></strong>Exactly.</p>
<p><strong>Clark<br /></strong>Have you given that much…</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>We have. We’ve thought about it a lot.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>You know what—actually, I understand.</p>
<p><strong>Hitt<br /></strong>We’ve thought about it as much as we’re going to.</p>
<p><strong>Pynn<br /></strong>I understand we’ve thought that we’re going to do some research on that.</p>
<p><strong>Berridge<br /></strong>It’s a history project.</p>
<p><strong>Holsenbeck<br /></strong>Let’s say goodbye to the staff. Thank you so much for the interview.</p>
<div><br /><div>
<p><a title="">[1]</a> Randolph E. Berridge.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="">[2]</a> Irma Becerra-Fernandez.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="">[3]</a> Paul R. Sandberg.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="">[4]</a> Salon International de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace, Paris-Le Bourget.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="">[5]</a> Richard “Rick” Lynn Scott.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="">[6]</a> UCF Public History Center.</p>
</div>
</div>
501(c)(6)
Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center
agro-tech
Alachua County
Alzo J. Reddick
American Telephone & Telegraph Company
AMPAC
Amy Evancho
Antoinette Jennings
AT&T Inc.
Becerra-Fernandez, Irma
Ben Noll
Bernard Machen
Bernie Machen
Berridge, Randolph E.
Bethany Dickens
Betty Bowe
Betty Castor
Bill Vogel
Bob Cook
Bob Dallari
Brevard County
Buddy Dyer
budgets
Carrie Martine
Cassopolis, Michigan
Central Florida Research Park
Charles Bass Reed
Charles Gray
Charlie Gross
Charlie Reed
Cherokee Nation
Cherokee, North Carolina
Cherokees
Chip Camp
Cirent Semiconductor
Committee on Transportation and Economic Development Funding
community colleges
Connie L. Lester
Core Team
Dallari, Bob
Dallas-Fort Worth Corridor
Dallas-Fort Worth, Texas
Dan Holsenbeck
Dan Webster
Daniel Alan Webster
David Brown
David Gordon
David P. Norton
Democratic Party
Democrats
DEO
Department of Economic Opportunity
Duvall County
economic development
Economic Development Commission of Florida's Space Coast
economy
EDC Economic Development Commission
education
Electronic Arts
Elizabeth Bowe
Elizabeth Castor
Enterprise Florida
FAU
FIA
FIAA
FIU
Florida Atlantic University
Florida Department of Economic Opportunity
Florida Economic Gardening Institute
Florida Gulf Coast
Florida High Tech Corridor
Florida High Tech Corridor Council
Florida House Committee on Transportation and Economic Development Funding
Florida House of Respresentatives
Florida International University
Florida Polytechnic University
Florida Power and Light Company
Florida Senate
Florida Senate Committee on Appropriations
Florida Venture Forward
Florida Virtual Entrepreneur Center
Florida’s Chamber Foundation
FLVEC
FPU
Fran Korosec
funding
George Gordon
Get Smart
Grant
GrayRobinson, P.A.
GrowFL: The Economic Gardening Institute
Harrah's Cherokee Casino
Head to Head: The Coming Economic Battle Among Japan, Europe and America
high tech
high tech corridors
high technology
House Committee on Transportation and Economic Development Funding
House of Respresentatives
Hunting F. Deutsch
I-4 Corridor
I/ITSEC
IE
industrial development
industries
industry
Innovation Way Corridor
intellectual property
Interactive Game Academy
International Paris Air Show
Interservice/Industry Training, Simulation and Education Conference
James C. Clark
Jeff Mendell
Jennifer Thompson
Jim Clark
Jim Shot
John C. Hitt
John Castor
John Hugh Dyer
K-12 education
Kathy Betancourt
Ken Pruitt
Lake Nona
Lake Nona Medical City
Lawton Chiles
Lawton Mainor Chiles, Jr.
Lester Carl Thurow
Littleton, Colorado
Lowe
Lynda Weatherman
M. J. Sanders
M. J. Soileau
Mark B. Rosenberg
matching grants
Medical City
Metro Orlando Economic Development Commision
Metro Orlando Economic Development Commission
Metro Orlando EDC
MGRP
Miami
Michael Zaharris
modeling
MSW
NAI
National Academy of Inventors
Native Americans
orange county
orlando
Orlando Economic Development Commission
Orlando EDC
Pajama Hotline
Paul Sanberg
Peter T. Panousis
Pratt & Whitney
PRISM
Promoting Regional Improvement in Science and Math
Putnam County
Randy Morris
Ray Galley
research and development
Research Park
Richard Lynn Scott
RICHES of Central Florida
Rick Scott
Rob Goddell
Roger Pynn
Ron Walker
Sacher
Salon International de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace, Paris-Le Bourget
Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute
Sarah McGreer
Science, Technology, Engineering and Math
Seminole County
Seminole State College
Senate
Shava Jackson-Car
Silicon Valley, California
simulation
simulation industry
Smart
South Florida
SSC
state colleges
State of Florida
State University System of Florida
STEM programs
Steve Burly
Sunnyvale, California
Tampa
Tampa Bay
TCU
Tech Path
Teresa Jacobs
Texas Christian University
The Chronicle of Higher Education
Thomas Charles Feeney III
Tom Feeney
Tom Feeny
Tom O'Neal
Toni Jennings
Tracy Swarztz
UCF
UCF Department of History
UCF Knights
UF
UM
United Technologies Corporation
University of Central Florida
University of Central Florida Department of History
University of Florida
University of Miami
University of South Florida
USF
venture capitalism
Venture Forward
Volusia County Community College
workforce development
-
https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/e23571c6982787a3af060a1a9aa455a4.pdf
0e90bd85a39a5fe34646163564782a15
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Watermark Collection
Alternative Title
The Watermark Collection
Subject
Gay culture--United States
Description
Since 1994, <em>The Watermark</em> has been the cornerstone source of LGBTQ+ (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, Queer/Questioning, and others) centered news for the Central Florida region. Founded by Tom Dyer in Orlando, the publication began generating bi-weekly issues beginning August 31, 1994. Since then, <em>The Watermark</em> has consistently published newspaper style issues every other Thursday. Gaining traction, the publication expanded in 1995 to include Tampa and, in 1997, <em>The Watermark</em> became a permanent piece of LGBTQ+ culture when the publication initiated the first large-scale Gay Days Weekend event, the Beach Ball at Disney’s Typhoon Lagoon. Before 1999, the publication printed 20,000 copies every week, distributing them to over 500 locations between its two major cities. Following 1999, the publication launched watermarkonline.com shifting to an online publication style. In 2016, Rick Claggett purchased <em>The Watermark</em>.
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/" target="_blank">RICHES Program</a>
Type
Collection
Contributing Project
<a href="http://www.floridalgbtqmuseum.org/%20" target="_blank">GLBT History Museum of Central Florida</a>
<a href="http://www.watermarkonline.com/">The Watermark</a>
Curator
Smith, Robert
Cepero, Laura
O'Neal, Rhiannon
Hearn, Nikki
Greene, Quintella
Rodriguez, Sharon
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://www.floridalgbtqmuseum.org/%20" target="_blank">GLBT History Museum of Central Florida</a>
External Reference
"<a href="http://www.watermarkonline.com/aboutcontact/" target="_blank">About/Contact</a>." WatermarkOnline.com, accessed July 11, 2016. http://www.watermarkonline.com/aboutcontact/.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
The Watermark, Vol. 12, No. 7, April 7-20, 2005
Alternative Title
Watermark, Vol. 12, No. 7
Subject
Gay culture--United States
Description
The seventh issue of the twelfth volume of <em>The Watermark</em> was published on April 7, 2005, and was the Spring Home Décor issue. The Décor pull out section highlights Central Florida homes and their interior designers' unique styles. Also included in that section is an interview with Style Network's Brini Maxwell (Ben Sanders, b. 1969). This issue also covers the death of the Student Safety Bill in Florida's legislature, as well as a recently passed Ohio bill that would inadvertently harm straight couples in cases of domestic violence. Further coverage includes an examination of the late Pope John Paul II's relationship with the LGBTQ+ community, a queer alumni group started at the University of South Florida, and Israeli leaders' resistance to Jerusalem hosting WorldPride.<br /><br />Since 1994, <em>The Watermark</em> has been the cornerstone source of LGBTQ+ centered news for the Central Florida region. Founded by Tom Dyer in Orlando, the publication began generating bi-weekly issues beginning August 31, 1994. Since then, <em>The Watermark</em> has consistently published newspaper-style issues every other Thursday. Gaining traction, the publication expanded in 1995 to include Tampa and, in 1997, <em>The Watermark</em> became a permanent piece of LGBTQ+ culture when the publication initiated the first large-scale Gay Days Weekend event, the Beach Ball at Disney’s Typhoon Lagoon. Before 1999, the publication printed 20,000 copies every week, distributing them to over 500 locations between its two major cities. Following 1999, the publication launched watermarkonline.com shifting to an online publication style. In 2016, Rick Claggett purchased <em>The Watermark</em>.
Type
Text
Source
Original 76-page newspaper: <a href="http://www.watermarkonline.com/" target="_blank"><em>The Watermark</em></a>, Vol. 12, No. 7, April 7-20, 2005: Publications Collection, <a href="http://glbthistorymuseum.com/joomla25/index.php?lang=en" target="_blank">GLBT History Museum of Central Florida</a>, Orlando, Florida.
Requires
<a href="http://www.adobe.com/products/reader.html" target="_blank">Adobe Acrobat Reader</a>
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/collections/show/203" target="_blank">The Watermark Collection</a>, RICHES.
Is Format Of
Digital reproduction of original 76-page newspaper: <a href="http://www.watermarkonline.com/" target="_blank"><em>The Watermark</em></a>, Vol. 12, No. 7, April 7-20, 2005.
Coverage
Orlando, Florida
Tampa, Florida
St. Petersburg, Florida
Tallahassee, Florida
Cleveland, Ohio
Augusta, Maine
Jerusalem, Israel
Vatican City, Rome, Italy
Sarasota, Florida
Miami, Florida
Creator
Baber, Keith
Blanchard, Steven
Crescitelli, Jim
DeJesus, Edwin
Dyer, Tom
Hartlage, Kirk
Jenkins, Georgia
Kundis, Ken
Leiner, Victor
Masters, Billy
Middour, Bryan L.
Murray-Parker, Karen S.
Nolan, Margaret
Roehr, Bob
Shapiro, Gregg
Triggs, Greg
Walen, Rick
Wiethop, Dave
Wiggins, Jayelle
Wilde, Diane
Publisher
<a href="http://www.watermarkonline.com/" target="_blank">Watermark Media</a>
Date Created
ca. 2005-04-07
Date Issued
2005-04-07
Date Copyrighted
2005-04-07
Format
application/pdf
Medium
76-page newspaper
Language
eng
Mediator
History Teacher
Provenance
Originally published by <a href="http://www.watermarkonline.com/" target="_blank">Watermark Media</a>.
Rights Holder
Copyright to this resource is held by <a href="http://www.watermarkonline.com/" target="_blank">Watermark Publishing Group</a> and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES</a> for educational purposes only.
Accrual Method
Donation
Contributing Project
<a href="http://glbthistorymuseum.com/joomla25/index.php?lang=en" target="_blank">GLBT History Museum of Central Florida</a>
Curator
O'Neil, Rhiannon
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://glbthistorymuseum.com/joomla25/index.php?lang=en" target="_blank">GLBT History Museum of Central Florida</a>
External Reference
"<a href="http://www.watermarkonline.com/aboutcontact/" target="_blank">About/Contact</a>." WatermarkOnline.com, accessed January 28, 2018. http://www.watermarkonline.com/aboutcontact/.
A Dirty Shame
A League of Our Own
Abdel-Salem Mensara
Advantage Tampa Bay
AIDS
Alan Douglas Ruck
ALSO Out Youth
Aqua Girl
Arielle Maffer
Arlene Donnelly Nelson
ATB
Ausley
Babes in Bonnets
Barry Hobbins
Bear Bust
Bears of Central Florida
Ben Sanders
Bernadette Peters
Bill Frederick
Bill Young
Billy Manes
bisexual
BOCF
Bonnie Raitt
bowling
Brian Botoroff
Brini Maxwell
Buddy Dyer
bullying
Carl M. Kuttler
Carmella Marcella Garcia
Catholicism
Cathy James
Cathy Sands
Cdc
Centers For Disease Control
Chantel Reshae
Chase-Brexton Clinic
Chloe Town
Christine Baranski
Christopher Ashton Kutcher
cinema
Citrus Classic Tennis Tournament
Clint Lyons
Cornelius Plantefaber
Cris Williamson
crystal meth
Curtis Richardson
Daisy Lynum
Dan Bray
Daniel Merrithew
Darcel Stevens
Darrin Carrington
David Acosta
David Caton
David Dunham
David Haltiwanger
David Magee
David Nelson
David Raymond Sedaris
David Weaver
discrimination
domestic violence
DontAmend Tampa Bay
drag queens
drugs
Ed Briggs
Ed Fasulla
Ed Jennings
Edward Lopes
Elizabeth Hostetler
Equality Florida
Equality Ohio
Erasum Williams
Ericka Dunlap
F.U.R.
Faces Club and Lounge
film
Florida Film Festival
Florida Queer Art Collective
Florida Ursine Retreat
Frank Farkas
Frederick Burk
GALA
gay
gay adoption
Gay and Lesbian Alumni
Gay and Lesbian World Travel Expo
Gay Days
gay marriage
Gay Naturists International
Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual Community Center
Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual Student Union
GLBCC
GLBT Parents of Tampa Bay
Gordon Mansergh
Greg Tappan
Gulf Coast Gay Men's Chorus
Gulfport Womyn's Festival
Gus Barriero
Hagai El-Ad
HIV
Holly Near
homophobia
homosexuality
homosexuals
Interfaith Gay Clergy
interior design
International Gay and Lesbian Travel Association
James "Jim" Conrad Verraros
Janette Kim
Jasmine Skiies
Jason Gage
Jay Dagenhart
Jean Malecki
Jerry Cramer
Jerusalem Open House
Jim Stump
Jimi Sue
Joe Pickens
Joe Saunders
John Baldacci
John Samuel Waters Jr.
Joseph Lawrence
Joy Bochner
Judy Genshaft
Julia Scarlett Elizabeth Louis-Dreyfus
June Millington
Karen Doering
Karen Gonzalez
Karol Józef Wojtyła
Kathy Young
Ken Gottlieb
Ken Mulvaney
Kevin Earl Federline
Kim English
Kim Shaw
King of Peace MCC: Joy MCC
Kirsten Johnson
Kuttler Kitchens
Lambda Legal
lesbians
Leslie Dawley
LGBT
LGBTQ+
Lisa Gray
Loranne
Lynne Bowman
Maine Human Rights Act
Malcolm Guishard
Mallory Wells
Mariah Carey
Mariruth Kennedy
Mark Hafen
Martina Navratilova
Mary Cheney
Meg Christian
methamphetamine
Michael Morris
Michel Sabbah
Mike Bennett
Mike Hancharik
Miss Illusions National Pageant
Morgan Fairchild
Nadine Smith
Nathanial Wilcox
National Center for Lesbian Rights
National Coalition for LGBT Health
National Gay and Lesbian Task Force
NGLTF
Nick Sovey
Olivia Records
Oral Brandy
Orange Blossom Tennis Association
Orlando Mayhem
Park Avenue Doggie Art Festival
Parliament House
Pat O'Brien
Patty Sheehan
pets
Phil McCabe
Pope John Paul II: Francis DeBernardo
public nudity
Q Television
queers
questioning
Rainbow Promise MCC
Ralph Arza
Rebecca Myers
Roel Hinjosa
Roger Brown
Roman Catholic Church
Rusty Faucet
Sabine Haddad
Sabrina Maxwell
Sal Capozzi
Sam Ings
same-sex
Samir Hanna
Sarasota Pridefest
Scott Cowger
Scott Crews
Scottish Episcopal Church
Sharon Brady
Shawn Millard
Shlomo Amar
Spencer Tunick
St. Kitts and Nevis
Steve Ross
Student Safety and Campus Violence Prevention Act
Sundance Channel
Susan Unger
T.J. Jones
Tampa Bay Terminators
Tampa International Gay and Lesbian Film Festival
tennis
The Beacon
The Brini Maxwell Show
The Graduate
The Watermark
theatre
Theresa "Terri" Marie Schiavo
Thomas Mahaffey Jr.
TIGLFF
TIGLFF Summer Series
Tommy Mottola
trans
transgender
Tret Fure
Troy Perry
U.S. Episcopal Church
UCF
United Fellowship of Metropolitan Community Churches
University of Central Florida
University of South Florida Alumni Association
Uri Lupolianski
USF
V. Gene Robinson
Vatican
Vernessa Mitchell
Victoria "Tori" Davey Spelling
Vonn New
Wanda Woolworth
Water Colors
women's football
WorldPride
Yaron Lahav
Yoav Leff
Yona Metzger
Yossi Bar-Lev
-
https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/3f398b949346bbcb23d04645e26deb40.pdf
d49e2870d7baf4d5ea90d1bdc73fd8fe
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Watermark Collection
Alternative Title
The Watermark Collection
Subject
Gay culture--United States
Description
Since 1994, <em>The Watermark</em> has been the cornerstone source of LGBTQ+ (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, Queer/Questioning, and others) centered news for the Central Florida region. Founded by Tom Dyer in Orlando, the publication began generating bi-weekly issues beginning August 31, 1994. Since then, <em>The Watermark</em> has consistently published newspaper style issues every other Thursday. Gaining traction, the publication expanded in 1995 to include Tampa and, in 1997, <em>The Watermark</em> became a permanent piece of LGBTQ+ culture when the publication initiated the first large-scale Gay Days Weekend event, the Beach Ball at Disney’s Typhoon Lagoon. Before 1999, the publication printed 20,000 copies every week, distributing them to over 500 locations between its two major cities. Following 1999, the publication launched watermarkonline.com shifting to an online publication style. In 2016, Rick Claggett purchased <em>The Watermark</em>.
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/" target="_blank">RICHES Program</a>
Type
Collection
Contributing Project
<a href="http://www.floridalgbtqmuseum.org/%20" target="_blank">GLBT History Museum of Central Florida</a>
<a href="http://www.watermarkonline.com/">The Watermark</a>
Curator
Smith, Robert
Cepero, Laura
O'Neal, Rhiannon
Hearn, Nikki
Greene, Quintella
Rodriguez, Sharon
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://www.floridalgbtqmuseum.org/%20" target="_blank">GLBT History Museum of Central Florida</a>
External Reference
"<a href="http://www.watermarkonline.com/aboutcontact/" target="_blank">About/Contact</a>." WatermarkOnline.com, accessed July 11, 2016. http://www.watermarkonline.com/aboutcontact/.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
The Watermark, Vol. 12, No. 9, May 5-18, 2005
Alternative Title
Watermark, Vol. 12, No. 9
Subject
Gay culture--United States
Description
The ninth issue of the twelfth volume of <em>The Watermark</em> was published on May 5, 2005, and was the paper's Business and Finance issue. This section of the paper analyzes the incomes and spending patterns of LGBTQ+ (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, Queer/Questioning, and others) readers, spotlighting several Central Florida businesses, and providing information on bankruptcy laws. The issue also covers the openly lesbian, newly appointed head of the Universal Fellowship of Metropolitan Community Churches (UFMCC), same-sex legislative rulings in various states such as Texas, and Microsoft's reversal of support for a law that would have protected LGBTQ+ individuals. Other topics include an ongoing investigation of a man charged with the kidnapping, assault, and murders of numerous gay men, as well as the prohibition of students from wearing pro-gay apparel in a number of schools.<br /><br />Since 1994, <em>The Watermark</em> has been the cornerstone source of LGBTQ+ centered news for the Central Florida region. Founded by Tom Dyer in Orlando, the publication began generating bi-weekly issues beginning August 31, 1994. Since then, <em>The Watermark</em> has consistently published newspaper-style issues every other Thursday. Gaining traction, the publication expanded in 1995 to include Tampa and, in 1997, <em>The Watermark</em> became a permanent piece of LGBTQ+ culture when the publication initiated the first large-scale Gay Days Weekend event, the Beach Ball at Disney’s Typhoon Lagoon. Before 1999, the publication printed 20,000 copies every week, distributing them to over 500 locations between its two major cities. Following 1999, the publication launched watermarkonline.com shifting to an online publication style. In 2016, Rick Claggett purchased <em>The Watermark</em>.
Type
Text
Source
Original 80-page newspaper: <a href="http://www.watermarkonline.com/" target="_blank"><em>The Watermark</em></a>, Vol. 12, No. 9, May 5-18, 2005: Publications Collection, <a href="http://glbthistorymuseum.com/joomla25/index.php?lang=en" target="_blank">GLBT History Museum of Central Florida</a>, Orlando, Florida.
Requires
<a href="http://www.adobe.com/products/reader.html" target="_blank">Adobe Acrobat Reader</a>
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/collections/show/203" target="_blank">The Watermark Collection</a>, RICHES.
Is Format Of
Digital reproduction of original 80-page newspaper: <a href="http://www.watermarkonline.com/" target="_blank"><em>The Watermark</em></a>, Vol. 12, No. 9, May 5-18, 2005.
Coverage
Orlando, Florida
Tampa, Florida
Sarasota, Florida
Austin, Texas
Seattle, Washington
Southern Nights, Orlando, Florida
Cleveland, Ohio
Creator
Baber, Keith
Blanchard, Steven
Crescitelli, Jim
DeJesus, Edwin
Dyer, Tom
Ferber, Lawrence
Hartlage, Kirk
Jenkin, Georgia
Kundis, Ken
Masters, Billy
Middour, Bryan L.
Murray-Parker, Karen S.
Nolan, Margaret
Roehr, Bob
Shapiro, Gregg
Sheridan, Michael T.
Triggs, Greg
Walen, Rick
Wiethop, Dave
Wiggins, Jayelle
Wilde, Diane
Publisher
<a href="http://www.watermarkonline.com/" target="_blank">Watermark Media</a>
Date Created
ca. 2005-05-05
Date Issued
2005-05-05
Date Copyrighted
2005-05-05
Format
application/pdf
Medium
80-page newspaper
Language
eng
Mediator
History Teacher
Provenance
Originally published by <a href="http://www.watermarkonline.com/" target="_blank">Watermark Media</a>.
Rights Holder
Copyright to this resource is held by <a href="http://www.watermarkonline.com/" target="_blank">Watermark Publishing Group</a> and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES</a> for educational purposes only.
Accrual Method
Donation
Contributing Project
<a href="http://glbthistorymuseum.com/joomla25/index.php?lang=en" target="_blank">GLBT History Museum of Central Florida</a>
Curator
O'Neil, Rhiannon
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://glbthistorymuseum.com/joomla25/index.php?lang=en" target="_blank">GLBT History Museum of Central Florida</a>
External Reference
"<a href="http://www.watermarkonline.com/aboutcontact/" target="_blank">About/Contact</a>." WatermarkOnline.com, accessed January 28, 2018. http://www.watermarkonline.com/aboutcontact/.
Abraham Lincoln
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
ADAP
AIDS
AIDS Candlelight Memorial
AIDS Drug Assistance Programs
AIDS Project Florida
Alex Miotti
Ali Haag
Alison Burgos
Andy Bell
Angelica Diaz
Anthony Catanzana
B.J. Stelter
bankruptcy
Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act
Bear Cub
Ben Marcus
Betsy Nelson
Bill Kanouff
Billy Manes
bisexual
Bloomingdale High School
Brad Mathewson
CalliopeFest
career
Catholicism
Cheryl Jacques
Chris Morgan
Christianity
Christopher Ashton Kutcher
Club Swank
conversion therapy
Daniel Cummings
David Castillo
David Franzen
David Furnish
David White
Dean Collier
Diane Ward Band
Don Montuon
Ed Lopes
Elizabeth Birch
Elton Hercules John CBE
embezzling
Empar Ferrer
entrepreneurship
Federated Republican Women of Central Florida
film
Frank November
G&L Fab-Events
GALA
gay
gay adoption
Gay and Lesbian Alumni
Gay Days Weekend
Gay Games
gay marriage
Gay Men's Single Mingle
Gay Sex And The City
George Walker Bush
Gulf Coast Gay Men's Chorus
Halcyon
Heath Riddler
HIV
homophobia
homosexuality
homosexuals
HRC
human immunodeficiency virus
Human Rights Campaign
Jack Luper
Jason Galehouse
Jeanne White-Ginder
Jeffrey Sanker
Jennifer Foster
Jennifer Kates
Jennifer N. Baggerly
Jim Bomford
Jim Jablonski
Jim Philips
Joe Solomese
John Ames
John Forbes Kerry
John Hugh "Buddy" Dyer
John Ruffier
Johnny Chisholm
Jose Luis Garcia-Perez
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Kaiser Family Foundation
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Central Florida Music History Collection
Alternative Title
Music History Collection
Subject
Music--Florida
Orlando (Fla.)
Cassadaga (Fla.)
Hialeah (Fla.)
Maitland (Fla.)
New Smyrna Beach (Fla.)
Description
Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of music in Central Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around.
Central Florida’s musical heritage is as rich as it is diverse, dating back to the Spanish settlers of the sixteenth century. Over the next 500 years, the region became a melting pot of Anglo-American folk and country music, African-American blues and jazz, Cuban and Latin music, traditional Native American music, gospel, rock, classical, pop, reggae, punk, metal, hip hop, and dance music. The cultural diversity of the people is reflected in the broad range of the music. Today, Central Florida is a hot spot for homegrown music and a popular stop for internationally touring artists.
Some of the most popular artists of the twentieth century called Florida home, including Ray Charles, Bo Diddley, Jim Morrison, Gram Parsons, Sam Rivers, the Allman Brothers Band, Jimmy Buffett, Zora Neale Hurston, Lynyrd Skynyrd, Vassar Clements, Gloria Estefan, Tom Petty, Johnny Tillotson, Shel Silverstein, Arturo Sandoval, and Mel Tillis. The musical landscape of Florida has played an integral role in defining Floridian culture.
Contributor
Knickerbocker, Carl
Language
eng
Type
Collection
Coverage
Cassadaga, Florida
Hialeah, Florida
Maitland, Florida
New Smyrna Beach, Florida
Orlando, Florida
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Cravero, Geoffrey
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
External Reference
<span>Housewright, Wiley L. </span><a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/48139297" target="_blank"><em>An Anthology of Music in Early Florida</em></a><span>. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1999.</span>
<span>Housewright, Wiley L. </span><a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/21196990" target="_blank"><em>A History of Music & Dance in Florida, 1565-1865</em></a><span>. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1991.</span>
<span>Morris, Alton Chester. </span><a href="Morris,%20Alton%20Chester.%20Folksongs%20of%20Florida%20and%20Their%20Cultural%20Background.%201941." target="_blank"><em>Folksongs of Florida and Their Cultural Background</em></a><span>. 1941.</span>
DeVane, Dwight, et al. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/821216900" target="_blank"><em>Drop on down in Florida: field recordings of African American traditional music 1977-1980</em></a>. 2012.
McLean, Will. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/39518212" target="_blank"><em>Florida Sand: Original Folk Songs of Florida</em></a>. Tallahassee: [The Author], 1964.
Has Part
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/144" target="_blank">Blues Collection</a>, Central Florida Music History Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/145" target="_blank">Classical Collection</a>, Central Florida Music History Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/69" target="_blank">Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra Collection</a>, Classical Collection, Central Florida Music History Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/143" target="_blank">Folk Collection</a>, Central Florida Music History Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/154" target="_blank">Hip Hop Collection</a>, Central Florida Music History Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/141" target="_blank">Jazz Collection</a>, Central Florida Music History Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/142" target="_blank">Rock Collection</a>, Central Florida Music History Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
Moving Image
A series of visual representations that, when shown in succession, impart an impression of motion.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
WUCF Artisodes: Music at Large
Alternative Title
Music at Large Artisode
Subject
Orlando (Fla.)
Concerts
Music--United States
Music--Juvenile--United States
Folk music--Florida
Youth orchestras
Alliance for Arts Education (U.S.)
Barbershops
Concert halls
Description
In this edition of WUCF Artisodes, a Central Florida couple open their home for a concert, bringing together folk musicians and fans, an upstate New York barbershop doubles as a hair salon by day and a music lounge by night, Student Artist of the Week, Jaden Christopher-Muench, is highlighted, the Tampa Metropolitan Youth Orchestra inspire future musicians, and the Dayton Performing Arts Alliance pairs two of the city's arts organization in a unique working relationship. WUCF-TV is a Public Broadcasting Service television station serving the Central Florida television market. The station, operated by the University of Central Florida, is the region's sole PBS member station, reaching an estimated population of 4.6 million people in its aerial viewing area. Arts and culture take center stage in WUCF-TV's weekly local series: "WUCF Artisodes." Each episode airs Thursday at 8 p.m., featuring a local artist or initiative, as well as stories on the arts from across the country. Developed in partnership with 28 PBS stations nationwide, this series is part of WUCF-TV's mission to give everyone a front-row seat to the arts - whether it's in their backyard or on a Broadway stage. This episode originally aired as "WUCF Artisodes: Music at Large" on February 11, 2016.
Abstract
Audio/video recording of Music at Large, WUCF-TV Artisode, February 11, 2016.
Type
Moving Image
Source
Original 24-minute and 42-second audio/video recording of Music at Large, <a href="http://www.wucftv.org/home/" target="_blank">WUCF-TV</a>, Orlando, Florida, February 11, 2016: WUCF-TV, University of Central Florida.
Requires
<a href="http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer/" target="_blank"> Adobe Flash Player</a>.
<a href="http://java.com/en/download/index.jsp" target="_blank"> Java</a>.
Is Part Of
<a href="http://video.wucftv.org/video/2365664593/" target="_blank">WUCF Artisodes: Music at Large</a>
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/140" target="_blank">Central Florida Music History Collection</a>, RICHES Program
Coverage
Dayton Performing Arts Alliance, Dayton, Ohio
Michael John Hairstyling Barber Lounge, Albany, New York
Nashville, Tennessee
Orlando, Florida
Tampa Metropolitan Youth Orchestra, Tampa, Florida
University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
University of South Florida Concert Hall, Tampa, Florida
Villa ConRoy, Orlando, Florida
West Orange High School, Winter Garden, Florida
WUCF-TV, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
Creator
<a href="http://www.wucftv.org/home/" target="_blank">WUCF-TV</a>
Publisher
<a href="http://www.wucftv.org/home/" target="_blank">WUCF-TV</a>
Contributor
Pittman, Amber
Rivera, Angela
Dotson, Bill
Hirten, Brian
Kelly, Brian
Pittman, Buddy
Hiles, Catherine
Brand, Connie
McGinty, David
Dayton Ballet
Dayton Performing Arts Alliance
Kendrick, Demetria
Duemmel, Emily
Strauss, Eric
Rodriguez, Frank
Heston, Grant J.
Christopher-Muench, Jaden
Hucome, Jamie
Wilson, Jason
Cook, Jennifer
Wolf, Jennifer
Calandra, Jessica
Brady, John
Kurokawa, John
Papp, John
Hamel, Joshua
Burke, Karen Russo
Salkowski, Keith
Boyd, Kenneth
Benjamin, Kristin
Warner, Kurt
Mahoney Fuchs, Kyle
Hetrick, Marcia
Lundstrom, Mark
Bischof, Melanie
Matier, Megan
Bounagura, Michael John
Herring, Mike
Jurgensen, Mike
Meza, Nancy
Kelly, Paul
Deblasio, Rayne
Nordstrom, Richard
Wonderling, Richard
Echeverria, Rita
Brand, Roy
Retherford, Ryan
Nagys, Sigy
Tampa Metropolitan Youth Orchestra
Gentry, Tiffany
Murray, T.L.
Grocki, Tony
Macaluso, Tony
Wiedrich, William
<a href="http://www.wucftv.org/home/" target="_blank">WUCF-TV</a>
Date Created
2016-02-11
Date Issued
2016-02-11
Date Copyrighted
2016-02-11
Format
video/mp4
application/pdf
Medium
Original 24-minute and 42-second audio/video recording
Language
eng
Mediator
History Teacher
Economics Teacher
Humanities Teacher
Music Teacher
Theater Teacher
Dance Teacher
Provenance
Originally created by <a href="http://www.wucftv.org/home/" target="_blank">WUCF-TV</a> and published by <a href="http://www.wucftv.org/home/" target="_blank">WUCF-TV</a>.
Rights Holder
Copyright to this resource is held by <a href="http://www.wucftv.org/home/" target="_blank">WUCF-TV</a> and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES Program</a> for educational purposes only.
Accrual Method
Donation
Curator
Cravero, Geoffrey
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://www.wucftv.org/home/" target="_blank">WUCF-TV</a>
External Reference
Dunaway, David King, and Molly Beer. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/593295804" target="_blank"><em>Singing Out An Oral History of America's Folk Music Revivals</em></a>. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010. .
Lornell, Kip, and Kip Lornell. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/794669918" target="_blank"><em>Exploring American Folk Music Ethnic, Grassroots, and Regional Traditions in the United States</em></a>. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2012. .
Jones, Christian R. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/39724250" target="_blank"><em>Barbershop: History and Antiques</em></a>. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Pub, 1998.
Avshalomov, Jacob. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/7157372" target="_blank"><em>Music Is Where You Make It, II: The Joyful Workings of America's First Youth Orchestra, the Portland Youth Philharmonic, 1923-1979</em></a>. [Portland, Or.]: Portland Junior Symphony Association, 1979.
Click to View (Movie, Podcast, or Website)
<a title="" href="https://nam02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fvideo.wucftv.org%2Fvideo%2F2365677579%2F&data=02%7C01%7CGeoffrey.Cravero%40ucf.edu%7C4f11cea37bfa4cf9e3e108d83ebd5d9e%7Cbb932f15ef3842ba91fcf3c59d5dd1f1%7C0%7C0%7C637328330318303599&sdata=W6cH7f07Hk0OvAYgDbWEXZ0HrdXdHQPDCUVcFyezi9U%3D&reserved=0" target="_blank">http://video.wucftv.org/video/2365677579/</a>
acoustic
acoustic guitar
acoustic music
Albany
Amber Pittman
American Graduate
American Graduate Initiative
Americana
Angela Rivera
Artisode
Artisodes
artistic director
Aurelian Opera
ballerina
ballet
barber
barbershop
Bill Dotson
bluegrass
Brian Hirten
Brian Kelly
broadcast television
broadcast television distributor
broadcast television station
Buddy Pittman
Catherine Hiles
chamber music
clarinet
clarinetist
classical music
classical musician
concert
concert hall
conductor
Connie Brand
Corporation for Public Broadcasting
dance
dancer
David McGinty
Dayton
Dayton Ballet
Dayton Performing Arts Alliance
Demetria Kendrick
documentary
double bass
DPAA
Emily Duemmel
Eric Strauss
executive director
Facebook
featured dancer
folk
folk band
folk concert
folk music
folk musician
folk venue
Frank Rodriguez
Grant J. Heston
guitar
guitarist
hair
hairdresser
hairstyling
hairstylist
Jaden Christopher-Muench
Jamie Hucome
Jason Wilson
Jennifer Cook
Jennifer Wolf
Jessica Calandra
John Brady
John Kurokawa
John Papp
Joshua Hamel
Karen Russo Burke
Keith Salkowski
Kenneth Boyd
Kristin Benjamin
Kurt Warner
Kyle Mahoney Fuchs
Marcia Hetrick
Mark Lundstrom
Megan Matier
Melanie Bischof
Michael John Bounagura
Michael John Hairstyling Barber Lounge
Mike Herring
Mike Jurgensen
music
Music at Large
music director
music instruction
music instructor
music lounge
music student
music venue
musician
My Dog is Black and White
Nancy Meza
Nashville
New York
orchestra
orchestral conductor
orchestral musician
orlando
Paul Kelly
PBS
public broadcasting
Public Broadcasting Service
public broadcasting station
Rayne Deblasio
Richard Nordstrom
Richard Wonderling
Rita Echeverria
Roy Brand
Ryan Retherford
Sigy Nagys
singer
singer-songwriter
songwriter
spoken word
Student Artist of the Week
T.L. Murray
Tampa
Tampa Metropolitan Youth Orchestra
television
Tiffany Gentry
TMYO
Tony Grocki
Tony Macaluso
UCF
University of Central Florida
University of South Florida
University of South Florida Concert Hall
USF
USF Concert Hall
venue
Villa ConRoy
violin
violinist
West Orange High School
William Wiedrich
Winter Garden
WUCF
WUCF Artisodes
WUCF-TV
youth orchestra
YouTube