1 100 19 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/ea43a073a33132f7bb43e7b334acd0bd.pdf 626ed41df569e2256a31a8b9b7ff4d80 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Thomas Cook Collection Alternative Title Cook Collection Subject Orlando (Fla.) Orange County (Fla.) Longwood (Fla.) Cape Canaveral (Fla.) Lake Wales (Fla.) Silver Springs (Fla.) Weeki Wachee (Fla.) Winter Haven (Fla.) Osceola County (Fla.) Winter Park (Fla.) Description Collection of digital images, postcards, documents, and other records from the private collection of Thomas Cook. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around. Contributor Cook, Thomas Language eng Type Collection Coverage Cape Canaveral, Florida Lake Wales, Florida Longwood, Florida Orange County, Florida Orlando, Florida Osceola County, Florida Winter Haven, Florida Winter Park, Florida Rights Holder All items in the <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/102" target="_blank">Thomas Cook Collection</a> are provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository Private Collection of Thomas Cook Has Part <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/103" target="_blank">Postcard Collection</a>, Thomas Cook Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. External Reference Antequino, Stephanie Gaub, and Tana Mosier Porter. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783150094" target="_blank">Lost Orlando</a> Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Pub, 2012. "<a href="http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf">Downtown Orlando Historic District Walking Tour</a>." City of Orlando. http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf. Rajtar, Steve. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70911136" target="_blank">A Guide to Historic Orlando</a>. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2006. Osborne, Ray. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/253374549" target="_blank">Cape Canaveral</a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Pub, 2008. Smith, Margaret. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/51888803" target="_blank">The Edward Bok Legacy: A History of Bok Tower Gardens: The First Fifty Years</a>. Lake Wales, Fla: Bok Tower Gardens Foundation, 2002. Pelland, Maryan, and Dan Pelland. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/67516850" target="_blank">Weeki Wachee Springs</a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 2005. Flekke, Mary M., Sarah E. MacDonald, and Randall M. MacDonald. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/85451307" target="_blank">Cypress Gardens</a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 2006. Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format 67-page book Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Early Settlers of Orange County, Florida: Reminiscent-Historic-Biographic Alternative Title Early Settlers of Orange County Florida Subject Orange County (Fla.) Settlers, First Orlando (Fla.) Sanford (Fla.) Christmas (Fla.) Winter Park (Fla.) Winter Garden (Fla.) Kissimmee (Fla.) Longwood (Fla.) Altamonte Springs (Fla.) Description Early Settlers of Orange County, Florida, printed in 1915 and published by Clarence E. Howard of Orlando, Florida. The book also includes an article "Early History of Orlando" written by J.N. Whitner of Sanford, Florida. This 68-page book contains the biographies of many of Orange County's early settlers. Creator Howard, Clarence E. Source Howard, Clarence E. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1725831" target="_blank">Early Settlers of Orange County, Florida: Reminiscent-Historic-Biographic</a>. Orlando, Fla: C.E. Howard, 1915. Publisher Howard, Clarence E. Date Created 1915 Contributor Whitner, J. N. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original book: Howard, Clarence E. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1725831" target="_blank">Early Settlers of Orange County, Florida: Reminiscent-Historic-Biographic</a>. Orlando, Fla: C.E. Howard, 1915. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/102" target="_blank">Thomas Cook Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Requires <a href='http://www.adobe.com/reader.html' target='_blank'>Adobe Acrobat Reader</a> Format application/pdf Extent 19.3 KB Medium 67-page book Language eng Type Text Coverage Orlando, Florida Sanford, Florida Winter Park, Florida Winter Garden, Florida Longwood, Florida Altamonte Springs, Florida Kissimmee, Florida Christmas, Florida Spatial Coverage 28.539291\-81.377907 28.803165\-81.26936 28.599896\-81.339026 28.55256\-81.59008 28.702784\-81.338339 28.661972\-81.366177 28.291987\-81.407719 28.529337\-80.999306 Temporal Coverage 1750-01-01/1915-12-31 Accrual Method Donation Mediator History Teacher Civics/Government Teacher Economics Teacher Geography Teacher Provenance Originally created by Clarence E. Howard. Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by Clarence E. Howard and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Curator Cook, Thomas Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository Private Collection of Thomas Cook External Reference Howard, Clarence E. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1725831" target="_blank">Early Settlers of Orange County, Florida: Reminiscent-Historic-Biographic</a>. Orlando, Fla: C.E. Howard, 1915. Porter, Tana Mosier, Cassandra Fyotek, Stephanie Gaub Antequino, Cynthia Cardona Melendez, Garret Kremer-Wright, and Barbara Knowles.<a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/551205659" target="_blank">Historic Orange County: The Story of Orlando and Orange County</a>. San Antonio, Tex: Historical Pub. Network, 2009. Transcript Early Settlers of Orange County Florida 1915 OLD WORTHIES OF ORANGE COUNTY The late Hon. W. L. Palmer The late Gen. W. H. Jewell The late Judge J. D. Beggs The late Capt. L. C. Horn The late Judge Cecil Butt The late Will Wallace Harney, Orange County Poet The late J. P. Huey The late Dr. J. N. Butt Hiram Beasley Bailiff of Orange County Court from the earliest days to now EARLY SETTLERS OF ORANGE COUNTY, FLORIDA Reminiscent--Historic--Biographic 1915 C. E. HOWARD, ORLANDO, FLA. PUBLISHER Date Copyrighted 1915 149th Pennsylvania Volunteer Company D 1st Regiment Florida Volunteer Infantry 2nd Regiment A. A. Stone and Son Abrams & Bryan Addison, Illinois Alabama Alachua Alden Alexander, Elise Allen, Edbert Altamonte Altamonte Springs Altamonte Springs Hotel Amarillo, Texas American Antiquarian American Revoluation Anderson County, South Carolina Angier, Edna I. Ansonia, Connecticut Apopka Apopka Bank Apopka Board of Trade Apopka City Apopka Drainage Company Arkansas Article 19 Astor Astor Hotel Athens, Georgia Atlanta, Georgia Atlantic City, New Jersey Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Company Augusta, Georgia Back to the Soil Baltimore College Bank of Oakland Barber, Andrew J. Barber, Joseph A. Barber, Maggie S. Simmons Battle Creek, Michigan Battle of Gettysburg Battle of Shiloh Battle of Vicksburg Beck, Nannie Woodruff Bedford County, Virginia Beecher, Thomas K. Beeman, H. L. Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks Berry, Jeane V. Berry, Thomas W. Berry, W. T. Bingham School Bird, Mary A. Blakely, William P. Blanchard, Charles Blitz, J. M. Board of Trade Bogy Creek Boone, C. A. Boone's Early Orange Boston, Massachusetts Bradshaw Bradshaw, Elise Alexander Bradshaw, John Neill Branche's Book Store Brockton, Massachusetts Brunswick, Georgia Buck Horn Academy Buck Tails Buffalo, New York Bullock Burlington, Indiana Burritt College C. A. Boone and Company Caldwell, C. V. Calhoun County, Michigan California Cameron, Texas Camp Monroe Carnell, Willie Carothers, Alice Bennett Carson and Newman College Carter Center Township, Pennsylvania Central Avenue Chalmette, Louisiana Chapman Chapman, E. G. Chapman, Foster Chapman, John C. Chapman, John T. Chapman, Mattie P. Chapman, R. Ethelyn Chapman, Thomas A. Chapman, William A. Charleston Block Chase Grove Chasel Graves, James W. Cheney & Odlin Cheney, J. M. Chicago, Illinois China Grove Church Street Cincinnati Commercial Citizens' National Bank of Orlando citrus Civil War Clark County, Indiana Clay Spring Clay springs Clerwater, Minnesota Clouser, C. A. Clouser, J. B. Coacoochee Cobb County, Georgia Cockney Coffee, John Collins, Ailsey Colorado Columbia County Columbia, Mississippi Comanche, Oklahoma Commandery Como, Tennessee Cones, Elliot Confederacy Confederate Army Congress Constitution Conway Conyers Academy Conyers, Georgia Cook's Ferry Council Oak County Antrim county commissioner Covington, Georgia Cracker culture Crawford, George W. Crawfordville, Georgia Creek Indians Creeks Crisey & Norris Crown Point Crown Point, Indiana Cuba Curtis & O'Neal Curtis, Fletcher & O'Neal Dade County Dann Real Estate Agency Dann, R. Edgar Danville, Pennsylvania Davidson College Davis, E. H. Davis, Frank H. Davis, Mary Demans, P. A. Devlin, Minnie Elizabeth Dickenson, Cynthia Ann Roberta Dillard, J. L. District School Trustees Dixie Dolive, W. L. Dollins, Alice J. Rushing Dollins, Alice Strickland Dollins, Carl W. Dollins, Hugh Dollins, Hugh D. Dollins, Kellie Rushing Dollins, L. J. Dollins, Mary Dollins, Thomas A. Dr. Stark Dreer's Dubuque, Iowa Duke, James K. Duke, Mary Kerr Dule West, South Carolina DuPage County, Illinois Eastman's Business College Efurt, Thuringia, Germany Elizabethtown, New Jersey Elks Club Elm Grove Academy Elmire Female College Emmett, Michigan Empire Hotel England Erksine College Eureka Everglades Ewing, Earl W. Ewing, Willie Carnell Fairfield Farrel Iron Foundry FEC Fernandez, Hallie G. Fernandez, Henry Gore Fifth New Hampshire Regiment Fifth Tennessee Infantry First Baptist Church of Orlando First National Bank of Cameron First Presbyterian Church of Orlando Fleming Flemming, Francis P. Florida Florida Association of Architects Florida Board of Architecture Florida Citrus Exchange Florida Cracker Florida Midland Railroad Florida Railroad Commission Florida State Legislature Florida State Senate Fogg, N. H. Ford Estate Forest Forst house Fort Christmas Fort Gatlin Fort Mellon Fort Myers Fort Reed France Francis, Margaret M. Franklin County, Tennessee freemason freeze Fruit Growers' Association Fudge, James Gadsen County Gainesville Gainesville, Alabama Galia County, Ohio Gallowy, Nannie Gardner, Maine Garrett, Hardy General Florida Statutes Georgia Georgia University Giles, Edna Adelima Giles, James L. Giles, Leroy B. Gore, Mahlon Gotha Gotha, Germany Grand Theatre Grant, Ulysses S. Graves, Anna L. Graves, Arthur F Graves, George T. Graves, Helen Louise Graves, I. W. Graves, James W. Graves, Minnie M. Great Freeze Greek architecture Greeley Greensboro, Alabama Greenwood Griffin, :Lawrence Jefferson Griffin, Able Griffin, Benjamin Luther Griffin, Helen Griffin, Henrietta E. Griffin, Hilda Griffin, John W. Griffin, Rebekah Wilcox Griffin, Samuel S. Griffin, Stanley S. Griffin, Willie L. Vick Griffin, Yancey R. Grundy County, Illinois Guilford, Connecticut Guinnett County, Georgia Guyette County, Georgia Gwinnett County, Georgia Halifax County, North Caroline Halstead, Murat Hand, C. M. Hand, Carey Hand, Charlie M. Hand, Elijah Hand, Harry E. Hand, Henry Happersett, S. H. Happersett, Stella Alcesta Rollins Harlem, Illinois Harrisburg High School Harrison, Minnie Odella Havana, Illinois Heard National Bank of Jacksonville Henck, E. W. Herd County, Georgia Hernando County Hertford County, North Carolina Hill, Ben Hill, W. J. Hillsboro, Tennessee Hiwassee College Hoffner, Charles H. Hoffner, Edna I. Angier Hoffner, Harry A. Holshouser, Cynthia Ann Roberta Dickenson Holshouser, Linnie Wilkins Home Guards Homestead Honduras Hoole, James L. Hoosier Springs Grove House of Representatives Houston, Texas Howard, Clarence E. Howard's Grove, Wisconsin Hudnal, Edward Hudson Hudson Battery Hudson, Alfred B. Hughey, J. P. Hughey, John Hull, Emily Harriett Hull, William Benjamin Hupple, Bernhart Hupple, Friederika Hyers, T. G. Illinois Indian architecture Indian River Indian River, Georgia Ireland Irmer, Lillian Maguire Iron Bridge Ironton, Ohio Italy J. B. Clouser and company Jackson Jackson, Helen Augusta Jackson, Joseph Jacksonvile Jefferson City, Tennessee Jerome, H. Jerome, R. P. John Hopkins Hospital Johnson, Joseph, E. Jones, John W. Jones, W. S. Journegan Kendrick Kentucky Kerr, John P Kerr, Margaret Kerr, Mary Kerr, Sarah Howard Killingworth, Connecticut Kilmer, Washington Kincaid, M. C. King Philip King, Murray S. Kirkwood Kissimmee Knights of Pythias Knights Templar Krez, Conrad Kunz, George f. Lake Apopka Lake Butler Lake Charity Lake Conway Lake Eola Lake Faith Lake Hope Lake Howell Lake Jessamine Lake Monroe Lake Osceola Lakeland Lakeview Cemetery Laughlin, Frances Lebanon, Ohio Lee County, Texas Lee University Lee, A. Lewis, Arthur A. Lewis, Grace Lewis, James M. Lewis, Joseph M. Lewter, Elva jouett Lewter, Frederick Augustus Lewter, Frederick Augustus, Jr. Lewter, Irma Lewter, Jewell Lewter, John T. Lewter, Laura Louise Lewter, Linnie Wilkins Holshouser Lewter, Mary Davis Lewter, Medora Inex Lewter, Robert Dickenson Lewter, Roberta Lewter, William Ferderick Lewter, Zelma Kight Lightwood Camp Litchfield Lockhart Loganville, Georgia London, England Longwood Longwood Hotel Lord, Charles Louisville, Kentucky Loveless, Harry Lovell House Lucerne Circle Lucerne Theatre Lumsden, H. A. Luther, E. Luther, Martin Lynch, William Brigham MacDonald, Robert Macon, Georgia Madison, James Magnolia Avenue Magnolia Hotel Magruder, C. B. Magruder, James Bailey Maguire, Charles Hugh Maguire, David O. Maguire, Fred H. Maguire, J. O. Maguire, Lillian Maguire, Margaret M.Francis Maguire, Rayner F. Maguire, Thomas C Maguire, Washington University Main Street Maine Maitland Manchester High School Manchester, New Hampshire Marion County Marks Martin, Matthew Martin, William Maryland Mason Masonic Lodge Masons Massey & Warlow Massey & Willcox Massey, Keating & Willcox Massey, L. C. Massey, Louis C. Matchett, J. W. Mathews, Monroe McAdow, Marian A. McKinley, William Meadows Mecca Mellen, Charles Mellonville Mercer University Methodist Episcopal Church, South Metropolitan Museum of Arts Miles, Elizabeth J. Miller, A. C. Mills Minor, Tyrannus J. Missionary Baptist Church Mitchell Mizell, Joshua Monroe Moore County, Tennessee Moore's Business College Mosquito County Mount Olivet Cemetery Murfreesboro, North Carolina Murphy, North Carolina Muscatine, Iowa Muzzy Eva L. Muzzy, Eden Nashville, Tennessee Nassaua National Guard of Florida Native Birds of Song and Beauty Nehrling, Carl Nehrling, Elizabeth Ruge Nehrling, Henry Neill, John L. Neill, Sarah Clay New Mexico New Orleans, Louisiana New Smyrna, Florida New York Newton, A. B. Newton, Alice Bennett Carothers Newton, Isaac Newton, Minnie Odella Harrison Niemeyer, F. J. North Carolina North Carolina University Northampton County, North Carolina O'Neal, William R. Oak Lodge Oak Ridge Oakland Ocoee Odd Fellows Odlin, L. Ohio Orange Avenue Orange Belt Railroad orange county Orange County Board of Commissioners Orange County Board of Public Instruction Orange County Court Orange County Criminal Court Orange County Democratic Executive Committee Orange County Fair Association Orange County Pioneers' Association Orange County School Board Orange County, North Carolina oranges orlando Orlando Bank and Trust Company Orlando Board of Trade Orlando Coast Line Railroad Orlando Country Club Orlando Driving Park Association Orlando Electric Lighting Orlando High School Orlando Telephone Company Orlando Water company Osborn, L. C. Osceola Osceola County Overstreet Crate Company Overstreet Turpentine Company Overstreet, Elizabeth Overstreet, Hazel Overstreet, Mildred Overstreet, Moses M. Overstreet, R. Ethelyn Overstreet, Rachel E. Overstreet, Robert T. Palatka Palm Beach Palm Cottage Palmer, Jerome Palmer, W. L. Palmer, Willis L. Panola County, Mississippi Paris, Tennessee Parramore, Minnie M. Grave Patrick, W. A. Pennfeld, Michigan Pennington Grove Pennsylvania People's Party Peoples Bank of Sanford Peoples National Bank of Orlando Perry County, Pennsylvania Pettus Artillery Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Pickens Pigue Pike County, Mississippi Pine Castle Pine Street Plant City Plymouth Porter, Dwight D. Pughkeepsie, New York R. H. White Dry Goods Company Randolph Peninsula Rawlins, Anna L. Grave Rawls, E. Judson Reasoner Brothers Richmond College Richmond, Virginia Roanoke, Virginia Roberts, Alice J. Robinson Avenue Robinson Spring Robinson, Samuel Austin Rock Ledge, Georgia Rollins College Rollins, Florida Estelle Rollins, Helen Rollins, Helen Augusta Jackson Rollins, John H. Rollins, Stella Alcesta Roman architecture Roosevelt, Theodore Roper Roper, Alice Royal and Select Master Masons of Florida Royal Arch Masons Rushing, Kellie Russell County, Alabama Rutland's Ferry Sadler, Alice L. Sadler, Anna E. Sadler, John H. Sadler, Minnie M. Tilden Salem, Michigan Saline County, Illinois Sanford Sanford High School Saulsbury, North Carolina Saunders-Massey, Elizabeth M. Savannah, Georgia Schohant, New York Sea Island cotton Seaboard Coast Air Line Railroad Searcy, James Searcy, John Neill Searcy, Robert Searcy, Sarah Clay Neill Secession Convention Secoffee Second Seminole War Seegar, S. J. T. Seminole County Seminole County Bank Seminole County Sheriff Seminole Hotel Company of Winter Park Seminole Indians Seminole Wars Seminoles Senate Sentinel Printing settlers Shakespeare, William Shannon, Mississippi Sheboggan County, Wiscosin Shelbyville, Indiana Sherman Shiloh Shine, Elizabeth Agnes Simmons, Maggie S. Simpson, William Sims Grove Sims, B. M. Sims, Eugene O. Sims, J. Walter Smith, Elizabeth J. Miles Smith, Walter Smith, William South Apopka South Apopka Supply Company South Carolina South Florida Fair Association South Florida Foundry and Machine Company South Florida Railroad South Lake Apopka Citrus Growers' Association Southern Express Company Spanish Mission architecture Spanish-American War Sparkman Speer Speer, A. Speer, Alice Roper Speer, Gertrude K. Speer, J. G. Speer, James P. Speer, Jason P. Speer, Sidney Speer, William Spencer County, Tennessee St. Augustine St. Johns County St. Johns River State Bank of Orlando Staunton, Virginia Steinmetz, John B. Stevens County, Oklahoma Stewart, J. C. Stone, A. A. Stone, Alvord Alonzo Stone, L. L. Stone, Lovell Lazell Strickland, Alice Strong, Edward Malten Sub-Tropical Mid-Winter Exposition Summer Street Summerlin Hotel Summerlin House Swedes Sweeney, Robert Switzerland T. J. Minor and Brother Taft, William H. Talbot County, Georgia Tallahassee Tampa Tampa & Gulf Railroad Taylor Safe Manufacturing Company Telfair County, Georgia Tennessee Texas Thayer, Jessie M. The Arcade The Auk The Citizen The Jacksonville Times-Union The Lodge The Orange County citizen The Orange County Reporter The Orlando Reporter-Star The Orlando Star The Reporter-Star The Seminole The Sentinel The Tampa Tribune Thompson, Albert Thompson, Dexter C. Three Graces Lakes Tiedkie Tilden Tilden, L. F. Tilden, Minnie M. Titusville Toronto, Canada Town Herman, Wisconsin Trammell, Park Tullahoma, Tennessee Turner, Anna Belle Tuscaloosa County, Alabama Tyner, C. R. Union University Law School University of Pennsylvania Vanderbilt Vermont Vick, J. H. Vick, Willie L. Vicksburg Virginia Wakalla, South Carolina Wallerfield Sarah A. Walton, Edwin S. Warlow, T. Picton Warnell Lumber Company Warnell Lumber company Millers Washington Place Washington, D. C. Watkins Block Watson Weathersbee, Allen Wekiva River Wekiwa River Wekiwa Springs Welaka West Virginia White, W. G. Whitner, J. N. Wiggs, Annie B. Wilcox County, Georgia Wilcox, Mark Wilcox, Rebekah Winter Garden Winter Garden Water and Light Company Winter Park Wisconsin Men of Progress Witherington, Anna Belle Turner Witherington, H. H. Woodruff & Watson Woodruff, Ailsey Collins Woodruff, Elizabeth Agnes Shine Woodruff, Emma Woodruff, Frank Woodruff, Frank L. Woodruff, Minnie Elizabeth Devlin Woodruff, Nannie Galloway Woodruff, Seth Woodruff, Seth W. Woodruff, W. W. W. Woodruff, William W. World's Fair Yowell-Duckworth Building Yulee Railroad Zellwood https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/63fcf4711f05d239ccbfbe662e5c0c08.pdf f934fb03cff9802788ce8960856cfd0a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Thomas Cook Collection Alternative Title Cook Collection Subject Orlando (Fla.) Orange County (Fla.) Longwood (Fla.) Cape Canaveral (Fla.) Lake Wales (Fla.) Silver Springs (Fla.) Weeki Wachee (Fla.) Winter Haven (Fla.) Osceola County (Fla.) Winter Park (Fla.) Description Collection of digital images, postcards, documents, and other records from the private collection of Thomas Cook. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around. Contributor Cook, Thomas Language eng Type Collection Coverage Cape Canaveral, Florida Lake Wales, Florida Longwood, Florida Orange County, Florida Orlando, Florida Osceola County, Florida Winter Haven, Florida Winter Park, Florida Rights Holder All items in the <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/102" target="_blank">Thomas Cook Collection</a> are provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository Private Collection of Thomas Cook Has Part <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/103" target="_blank">Postcard Collection</a>, Thomas Cook Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. External Reference Antequino, Stephanie Gaub, and Tana Mosier Porter. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783150094" target="_blank">Lost Orlando</a> Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Pub, 2012. "<a href="http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf">Downtown Orlando Historic District Walking Tour</a>." City of Orlando. http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf. Rajtar, Steve. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70911136" target="_blank">A Guide to Historic Orlando</a>. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2006. Osborne, Ray. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/253374549" target="_blank">Cape Canaveral</a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Pub, 2008. Smith, Margaret. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/51888803" target="_blank">The Edward Bok Legacy: A History of Bok Tower Gardens: The First Fifty Years</a>. Lake Wales, Fla: Bok Tower Gardens Foundation, 2002. Pelland, Maryan, and Dan Pelland. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/67516850" target="_blank">Weeki Wachee Springs</a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 2005. Flekke, Mary M., Sarah E. MacDonald, and Randall M. MacDonald. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/85451307" target="_blank">Cypress Gardens</a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 2006. Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format 208-page book Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title History of Orange County, Florida: Narrative and Biographical Alternative Title History of Orange County, Florida Subject Orange County (Fla.)--History Orange County (Fla.)--Biography Blackman, William Fremont, 1855-1932 Description Selected pages from History of Orange County Florida: Narrative and Biographical by William Fremont Blackman, Ph.D., L.L.D. Blackman was formally a professor at Yale University and President of Rollins College. The book was published by the E. O. Painter Printing Company of DeLand, Florida in 1927. The book gives a basic history of Orange County as well as biographical sketches of many of the counties early settlers and important citizens. It has 42 photographic portraits of some of the citizens. Creator Blackman, William Fremont Source Blackman, William Fremont. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/705023">History of Orange County, Florida: Narrative and Biographical</a>. Chuluota, Fla: Mickler House, 1973. Publisher E. O. Painter Printing Company Date Created 1927 Contributor Cawston, Arthur H. Robinson, B. M. Fuller, John T. Autrey, L. M. O'Neal, W. R. Whitman, Alton B. Dickson, H. H. Lehman, Karl Holt, Hamilton Dick, E. A. Tilden, L. W. Edwards, William Whitner, J. N. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original book: Blackman, William Fremont. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/705023">History of Orange County, Florida: Narrative and Biographical</a>. Chuluota, Fla: Mickler House, 1973. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/102" target="_blank">Thomas Cook Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Requires <a href='http://www.adobe.com/reader.html' target='_blank'>Adobe Acrobat Reader</a> Format application/pdf Extent 606 MB Medium 208-page book Language eng Type Text Coverage Orlando, Florida Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida Maitland, Florida Winter Garden, Florida Ocoee, Florida Oakland, Florida Apopka, Florida Gotha, Florida Zellwood, Florida Tangerine, Florida Windermere, Florida Taft, Florida Fort Christmas, Florida Bithlo, Florida Spatial Coverage 28.539291,-81.377907 28.591865,-81.348492 28.627925,-81.362885 28.55256,-81.59008 28.569145,-81.543987 28.555086,-81.633145 28.687124,-81.512918 28.527904,-81.523032 28.729733,-81.604757 28.764951,-81.630663 28.495473,-81.534704 28.429675,-81.365096 28.529337,-80.999306 28.554822,-81.106423 Temporal Coverage 1846-01-01/1927-12-31 Accrual Method Donation Mediator History Teacher Geography Teacher Provenance Originally created by William Fremont Blackman and published by the E. O. Painter Printing Company. Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by William Fremont Blackman and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Curator Cook, Thomas Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository Private Collection of Thomas Cook External Reference Blackman, William Fremont. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/705023">History of Orange County, Florida: Narrative and Biographical</a>. Chuluota, Fla: Mickler House, 1973. Porter, Tana Mosier, Cassandra Fyotek, Stephanie Gaub Antequino, Cynthia Cardona Meléndez, Garret Kremer-Wright, and Barbara Knowles. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/551205659" target="_blank">Historic Orange County: The Story of Orlando and Orange County.</a> San Antonio, Tex: Historical Pub. Network, 2009. Transcript History of ORANGE COUNTY FLORIDA NARRATIVE AND BIOGRAPHICAL By WILLIAM FREMONT BLACKMAN, Ph.D., LL.D. Formerly Professor in Yale University and President of Rollins College Author of "The Making of Hawaii; A Study in Social Evolution" The E. O. PAINTER PRINTING CO. DE LAND, FLORIDA 1927 History of Orange County, Florida MANAGING EDITOR ARTHUE H. CAWSTON, Daytona Beach BOARD OF ADVISERS CAPT. B. M. ROBINSON MRS. JOHN T. FULLER MAYOR L. M. AUTREY W. R. O'NEAL MRS. ALTON B. WHITMAN H. H. DICKSON DR. KARL LEHMANN Orlando PRESIDENT HAMILTON HOLT COL. E. A. DICK Winter Park L. W. TILDEN, Winter Garden WILLIAM EDWARDS, Zellwood MRS. J. N. WHITNER, Sanford Table of Contents Date Copyrighted 1977 Albertson Public Library American Red Cross Apopka Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Company Autrey, L. M. Beacham, B. Beardall, William Bithlo Blackman, Lucy Worthington Blackman, William Fremont Boyer, Chauncey A. Bradshaw, J. N. Browne, Charles A. Cawston, Arthur H. Central Avenue Cheney, J. M. Christ, C. D. Coursen, W. A. Court Street Crawford, George W. Yancey, T. A. Dick, E. A. Dickenson, R. M. Dickson, H. H. E. O. Painter Printing Company Edwards, William Ferguson, F. L. Fort Christmas Fort Gatlin Fuller, John T. Giles, James L. Glenn, William Gotha Greenwood Cemetery Guild, William A. Hand, Carey Hill, S. B. Holt, Chauncey Holt, Hamilton Hutchins, Victory Jenkins, R. A. Johnson, S. A. Lawton, J. A. Lehmann, Karl Lewter, F. A. Lynch, W. B. MacDonald, R. D. Maitland Martin, W. E. Morse, C. H. Mosquito County Newton, V. B. O'Neal, W. R. Oakland Ocoee Orange Avenue orange county Orange County Chamber of Commerce Orange County Courthouse Orange General Hospital orlando Orlando Chamber of Commerce Orlando Municipal Auditoriuml Palmer, Willis L. public schools Rand, Frederic H. Robinson Robinson, B. M. Robinson, Samuel A. Rollins College Safford, Mary A. Sanford settlers Simmons, J. W. Sinclair's Real Estate Agency Speer, James G. Sperry, Frank Ezra Sweetapple, H. B. Swope, O. P. Taft Tangerine Temple, W. C. The Making of Hawaii: A Study in Social Evolution Tilden, L. W. town well Townsend, L. C. Ward, C. H. Whitman, Alton B. Whitner, J. N. Windermere Winter Garden Winter Park Wright, A. L. Yale University Yowell, N. P. Zellwood https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/070919444e7c344942189e5a540c2dd8.pdf d70ad18b40980ab073539b4aa71ecc27 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Orange County Collection Alternative Title Orange County Collection Subject Orange County (Fla.) Apopka (Fla.) Christmas (Fla.) Maitland (Fla.) Orlando (Fla.) Winter Garden (Fla.) Winter Park (Fla.) Description Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of Orange County, Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around. Mosquito County, a massive county south of St. Johns County that consisted of much of Central Florida was established in 1824. In 1845, Mosquito County was renamed Orange County when Florida earned statehood. This new county included present-day Osceola County, Seminole County, Lake County, and Volusia County. Orange County was named so for the area's major fruit crop: oranges. The area was devastated by a freeze during the winter of 1895-1896, which allowed for subsequent land speculators to initiate a land boom in Florida, with Orlando becoming a "boom town." Seminole County separated from Orange on April 25, 1913 and was named for the Seminole tribes that originally inhabited the area. In 1926, Orange County was hit by a hurricane and then by the stock market crash and Great Depression beginning in 1929. Central Florida recovered in the late 1930s and experienced steady growth until 1967. In 1971, Walt Disney World was completed, signaling the beginning of the transformation of the Greater Orlando area into one of the world's major tourist destinations. The citrus industry in the county peaked in the early 1970s, but many groves were destroyed by several freezes during the early 1980s. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Orange County, Florida Apopka, Florida Christmas, Florida Maitland , Florida Orlando, Florida Winter Garden, Florida Winter Park, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Contributor <a href="http://apopkamuseum.org/" target="_blank">Apopka Historical Society and Museum of the Apopkans</a> Cepero, Laura Lynn Cepero, Nancy Lynn Cook, Thomas Davis, Larry D., Jr. <a href="http://artandhistory.org/maitland-history-museum/" target="_blank">Maitland Historical Museum, Art & History Museums - Maitland</a> <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> <a href="http://orlandophil.org/" target="_blank">Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra</a> <a href="http://orlandoremembered.org/" target="_blank">Orlando Remembered</a> <a href="http://www.wghf.org/" target="_blank">Winter Garden Heritage Foundation</a> Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>. External Reference Blackman, William Fremont. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1725831" target="_blank">History of Orange County, Florida; Narrative and Biographical</a>. Chuluota, Fla: Mickler House, 1973. Howard, Clarence E. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/62733166" target="_blank">Early Settlers of Orange County, Florida: Reminiscent-Historic-Biographic</a> Orlando, Fla: C.E. Howard, 1915. Has Part <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/53" target="_blank">Apopka Collection</a>, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/52" target="_blank">Apopka Historical Society and Museum of the Apopkans Collection</a>, Apopka Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/60" target="_blank">Christmas Collection</a>, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/112" target="_blank">Maitland Collection</a>, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/113" target="_blank">Maitland Historical Museum Collection</a>, Maitland Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/150" target="_blank">The Maitland News Collection</a>, Maitland Historical Museum Collection, Maitland Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/20" target="_blank">Orlando Collection</a>, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/106" target="_blank">Orlando Remembered Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/126" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Information Center Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/110" target="_blank">Orlando Public Library Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/111" target="_blank">Orlando Regions Bank Collection</a>, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/105" target="_blank">Winter Garden Collection</a>, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/115" target="_blank">Winter Garden Heritage Foundation Collection</a>, Winter Garden Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/124" target="_blank">Up From the Ashes Collection</a>, Winter Garden Heritage Foundation Collection, Winter Garden Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/152" target="_blank">Albin Polasek Museum & Sculpture Gardens Collection</a>, Winter Park Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format 1 color map Physical Dimensions 56.75 x 42.5 inch Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Map of Orange County, Florida, 1890 Alternative Title Map of Orange County Subject Orange County (Fla.)--Maps Seminole County (Fla.)--Maps Cadastral maps Description Surveyor and cadastral map of Orange County, Florida, which included present-day Seminole County. This map was created by a Swedish immigrant, J. Otto. Fries, in 1890. Coming to America in 1874, Fries was a respected civil engineer that later attended the University of Florida. He was hired by Orange County to create this surveyor’s map with all of its distinct features. This map is very special because of two unique characteristics. Firstly, it is a topographical and a cadastral map, showing the physical features and real estate of the area. Secondly, this map includes local family names on the location of their residence, something that is quite rare for public maps. Also, this map shows Orange County before it was split into two different counties: Seminole County and Orange County. This map was kept in the Seminole County Courthouse in Sanford until 1913. In 1954, the map was given as a gift from Jack Fox to Arthur Beckwith. From there, it was donated to the Museum of Seminole County History by Arthur Beckwith, where it has undergone extensive restoration to fix the discoloration, peeling edges, and ripped pieces. Creator Fries, J. Otto Source Original 56.75 x 42.5 inch color map by J. Otto Fries, 1890: E. W. Smith & Company: Philadelphia, 1890: <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a>, Sanford, Florida. Publisher E. W. Smith & Company Date Created 1890 Is Format Of Digital reproduction of 56.75 x 42.5 inch color map by J. Otto Fries, 1890: E. W. Smith & Company: Philadelphia, 1890. Is Part Of <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a>, Sanford, Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/46" target="_blank">Orange County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Format application/pdf Extent 52.8 MB Medium 56.75 x 42.5 inch color map Language eng Type Still Image Coverage Orange County, Florida Seminole County, Florida Accrual Method Donation Mediator History Teacher Geography Teacher Provenance Originally created by J. Otto Fries and published by the E.W. Smith & Company. Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by the <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Contributing Project <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank"> RICHES MI</a> Source Repository <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> External Reference "<a href="http://www.ocfl.net/" target="_blank">Orange County Government</a>." Orange County Government. http://www.ocfl.net/. "<a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/index.aspx" target="_blank">Seminole County Government</a>." Seminole County Government. http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/index.aspx. "<a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a>." Seminole County Government. http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/. Blackman, William Fremont. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1725831" target="_blank">History of Orange County, Florida; Narrative and Biographical</a>. Chuluota, Fla: Mickler House, 1973. Howard, Clarence E. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/62733166" target="_blank">Early Settlers of Orange County, Florida: Reminiscent-Historic-Biographic</a>. Orlando, Fla: C.E. Howard, 1915. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/52607030" target="_blank">Early Days of Seminole County, Florida: Where Central Florida History Began</a>. [Sanford, Fla.]: Seminole County Historical Commission, 2002. Date Copyrighted 1890 Apopka Apopka Sawgrass Big Sand Lake cadastral map Chuluota Conway E. W. Smith & Company Fries, J. Otto Gabriella Glen Ethel Gotha Lake Apopka Lake Charm Lake Harney Lake Jessup Lake Monroe Longwood Maitland map McKinnon Monroe orange county orlando Oviedo Palm Spring Paola Pine Castle Plymouth Sanford Seminole County surveyor map Sylvan Lake Upsala Wilcox Winter Park Zellwood https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/534ad0ca37ba99474e89d3c269f5dbb8.jpg 6c3ebc79b651e9d2df145db417875e2f https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/cc48b4e5eb0973f4a2fcd18e1c0ed4a8.jpg 0d1790862a2401446d9006775254a43d https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/98d0fce7eab816f6ea4aab2d2f753f46.jpg 8f0fa3f7b5b68a6fd70336956ccfd349 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/b796926a0cad7cc0ed4f094dc0331327.jpg 85fde354378ca88f2f28591547368b24 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/4c201af7c5b5561f9676bfb02ec873c6.jpg 6f7d3bb4304866dbd622eabd5d4b1e9f https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/6e85d47a4558d0a99c3d80493a001dbd.jpg 96a6a00ef0b7adce07a5ff3cafe25054 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/66c3edec7e2b99513bc57d86b7f8fcfa.jpg df91a4b0f3c2c4b437e9775eed030611 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/3476b00a2b3c7e07c206f13dc24e8773.jpg 01f838e2516da1bf5f831af873bb3338 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/79007c6ce534c7776fe76f6e005dc5ea.jpg da4859fe0dfe58b6a8c56458884d096d https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/779b8afae869d88f431ad6e367508d48.jpg 213cb183ac27ec62a30ddbd8d9c4e6ec https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/e95329df190bb2254e731bade41e520a.jpg 34bd0c66b127028e08367d4175d6f1ea Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Chase Collection Description Select images, correspondence, and other records from the Chase Collection (MS 14) at Special and Area Studies Collections at the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida. According to the biographical sketch in the collection's finding aid: "The story of the Chases in Florida began in 1878 when Sydney Octavius Chase (1860-1941), having read about orange groves in Scribner's Magazine, came to Florida from Philadelphia. His brother, Joshua Coffin Chase (1858-1948), joined him in 1884 and together they formed Chase and Company that year. The Chase brothers came to Florida at the right time for Florida citrus and at the right time for them as investment entrepreneurs. Strong family ties in the North provided them with financial backing for their ventures. Joshua left Florida in 1895 to work in the California citrus industry. He returned to Florida in 1904 and rejoined his brother. Another brother, Randall, remained in Philadelphia and augmented his brothers' finances when convenient. Sydney and Joshua were also important civic leaders who took part in community development, most notably in the City of Sanford. Both were elected to the Sanford city commission. They also supported the development of Rollins College, worked with the Florida Historical Society, and were the benefactors of numerous charities. Chase and Company began as an insurance company and branched out to storage facilities and fertilizer sales. The latter was the beginning of the company's lucrative agricultural supply division which remained in operation throughout the existence of the company. Although citrus was the primary interest, the company also invested in other agricultural pursuits including celery in central Florida, tung oil production in Jefferson County, and winter vegetables and sugar cane in the Lake Okeechobee muck lands. The company was also involved in the peach business in Georgia and North Carolina. The company was incorporated in 1914, with the Chase brothers owning 75 percent of the stock, and reincorporated in 1948. A second generation of Chases began its involvement in the family operations when Sydney O. Chase, Jr. ( b. 1890) became a citrus buyer in 1922. He was later joined by his brother Randall who served as president of Chase and Company from 1948-1965. Outside the Chase Family, Alfred Foster, W. R. Harney, and William "Billy" Leffler figured prominently as company executives and investors. The company dissolved in 1979 when its principal assets were sold to Sunniland for $5.5 million. The Chases' interest in citrus began when Sydney came to Florida and became associated with General Henry S. Sanford. The Chases would eventually own General Sanford's experimental farm, Belair, and the Chase family home in Sanford was located there. Over the years, the Chases invested in a number of citrus groves and owned others outright. In 1912, they organized the Chase Investment Company as a holding company for their farms. Initially, the company operated the Isleworth, Nocatee, Belair, and Kelly citrus groves as well as celery farms in Sanford. The company was renamed Chase Groves, Inc. in 1951. From time to time, Chase Investment was involved in real estate in Florida and North Carolina. The latter included Fort Caswell, a former military property that was held for a time and then sold. Unquestionably, the jewel in the Chase crown was the Isleworth grove at Windermere. Isleworth's four hundred lake-tempered acres carried the Chases through many difficult times. It proved to be the principal asset at the company's demise when it was sold to golf legend Arnold Palmer in 1984. Chase Groves dissolved that same year, 100 years after the founding of Chase and Company." Contributor <a href="http://web.uflib.ufl.edu/spec/" target="_blank">Special and Area Studies Collections</a>, University of Florida Alternative Title Chase Collection Subject Chase and Company (Sanford, Fla.) Chase, Sydney Octavius, 1860-1941 Chase, Joshua Coffin, 1858-1948 Citrus fruit industry--Florida Golf--Florida Celery industry Sanford (Fla.) Windermere (Fla.) Jacksonville (Fla.) Orlando (Fla.) Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> Language eng Type Collection Coverage Sanford, Florida Isleworth Grove, Windermere, Florida Jacksonville, Florida Orlando, Florida Contributing Project <a href="http://web.uflib.ufl.edu/spec/" target="_blank">Special and Area Studies Collections</a>, University of Florida <a href="http://ufdc.ufl.edu/" target="_blank">Digital Collections (UFDC)</a>, University of Florida Curator Marra, Katherine Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="http://floridacitrushalloffame.com/index.php/inductees/inductee-name/?ref_cID=89&bID=0&dd_asId=600" target="_blank">Sydney Chase Sr. (1860-1941)</a>." Florida Citrus Hall of Fame. Copyright 2012. http://floridacitrushalloffame.com/index.php/inductees/inductee-name/?ref_cID=89&bID=0&dd_asId=600. Warner, S.C. "<a href="http://www.fshs.org/Proceedings/Password%20Protected/1923%20Vol.%2036/198-200%20%28WARNER%29.pdf" target="_blank">Development of Marketing Citrus Fruits in Florida</a>." Florida State Horticultural Society vol. 36 (1923): 198-200. Hopkins, James T. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1219230" target="_blank">Fifty Years of Citrus, the Florida Citrus Exchange: 1909-1959</a>. Gainesville, Florida: University of Florida Press: 1960. "<a href="http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1986-09-30/news/0260060057_1_chase-isleworth-golf-florida-citrus" target="_blank">Franklin Chase, 'Towering Figure in Citrus Industry</a>.'" The Orlando Sentinel, September 30, 1986. http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1986-09-30/news/0260060057_1_chase-isleworth-golf-florida-citrus. Provenance Entire <a href="http://web.uflib.ufl.edu/spec/pkyonge/chase.htm" target="_blank">Chase Collection</a> is comprised of four separate accessions from various donors, including Cecilia Johnson, the granddaughter of Joshua Coffin Chase and the children of Randall Chase. Rights Holder The displayed collection is housed at <a href="http://web.uflib.ufl.edu/spec/" target="_blank">Special and Area Studies Collections</a> at the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida. Rights to this item belong to the said institution, and therefore inquiries about the item should be directed there. <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> has obtained permission from Special and Area Studies Collections at the University of Florida to display this item for educational purposes only. Source Repository University of Florida, <a href="http://web.uflib.ufl.edu/spec/" target="_blank">Special and Area Studies Collections</a> Has Part <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/90" target="_blank">Celery Collection</a>, Chase Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/93" target="_blank">Citrus Collection</a>, Chase Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/91" target="_blank">Belair Grove Collection</a>, Citrus Collection, Chase Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/100" target="_blank">Florida Citrus Exchange Collection</a>, Citrus Collection, Chase Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/88" target="_blank">Isleworth Grove Collection</a>, Citrus Collection, Chase Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/86" target="_blank">Sanford Collection</a>, Chase Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/94" target="_blank">Holy Cross Episcopal Church Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Chase Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/87" target="_blank">Sanford Country Club and Golf Course Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Chase Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format 1 black and white photograph Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Chase & Company Mule Train Alternative Title Chase Mule Train Subject Zellwood (Fla.) Chase and Company (Sanford, Fla.) Equipment and supplies Description A Chase & Company mule train being moved by a Duda transport from Glades Farm to Hooper Farm in Zellwood, Florida, on May 6, 1963. Chase & Company was established in 1884 by brothers Sydney Octavius Chase and Joshua Coffin Chase. The company sold insurance and later invested in storage facilities and fertilizer sales. Chase & Company was known mainly for its agricultural interests and maintained a series of citrus groves throughout Central Florida. The company was based out of Sanford and became one of the city's largest employers into the early twentieth century. Randall Chase joined in the family business soon after his brother, Sydney Chase, Jr., did in 1922. Randall became the president of Chase & Company from 1948-1965. Abstract Mule train moved by Duda transport from Glades farm to Hooper Farm, Zellwood, on May 6, 1963. Source Original black and white photographs, May 7, 1963: box 215, <a href="http://web.uflib.ufl.edu/spec/pkyonge/chase.htm" target="_blank">Chase Collection (MS 14)</a>, Special and Area Studies Collections, George A. Smathers Libraries, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida. Date Created 1963-05-06 Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original black and white photographs, May 7, 1963. Is Part Of <a href="http://web.uflib.ufl.edu/spec/pkyonge/chase.htm" target="_blank">Chase Collection</a> (MS 14), box 215, <a href="http://web.uflib.ufl.edu/spec/" target="_blank">Special and Area Studies Collections</a>, George A. Smathers Libraries, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida. <a href="http://web.uflib.ufl.edu/spec/pkyonge/chase.htm" target="_blank">Chase Collection</a> Is Referenced By Folder referenced in Chase Collection finding guide, <a href="http://web.uflib.ufl.edu/spec/pkyonge/chase.htm" target="_blank">http://web.uflib.ufl.edu/spec/pkyonge/chase.htm</a>. "<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/1853" target="_blank">Letter from C. H. Miller to Randall Chase (May 8, 1963)</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/1853. Format image/jpg Extent 75 KB 81 KB 77 KB 74 KB 67 KB 76 KB 88 KB 88 KB 84 KB 69 KB 86 KB Medium 10 black and white photographs Language eng Type Still Image Coverage Hooper Farm, Zellwood, Florida Accrual Method Donation Mediator History Teacher Economics Teacher Geography Teacher Provenance Entire <a href="http://web.uflib.ufl.edu/spec/pkyonge/chase.htm" target="_blank">Chase Collection</a> is comprised of four separate accessions from various donors, including Cecilia Johnson, the granddaughter of Joshua Coffin Chase and the children of Randall Chase. Rights Holder The displayed collection item is housed at <a href="http://web.uflib.ufl.edu/spec/" target="_blank">Special and Area Studies Collections</a> at the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida. Rights to this item belong to the said institution, and therefore inquiries about the item should be directed there. <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> has obtained permission from Special and Area Studies Collections at the University of Florida to display this item for educational purposes only. Contributing Project <a href="http://web.uflib.ufl.edu/spec/" target="_blank">Special and Area Studies Collections</a>, University of Florida <a href="http://ufdc.ufl.edu/" target="_blank">Digital Collections (UFDC)</a>, University of Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository University of Florida, <a href="http://web.uflib.ufl.edu/spec/" target="_blank">Special and Area Studies Collections</a> External Reference Warner, S.C. "<a href="http://www.fshs.org/Proceedings/Password%20Protected/1923%20Vol.%2036/198-200%20%28WARNER%29.pdf" target="_blank">Development of Marketing Citrus Fruits in Florida</a>." Florida State Horticultural Society vol. 36 (1923): 198-200. Hopkins, James T. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1219230" target="_blank">Fifty Years of Citrus, the Florida Citrus Exchange: 1909-1959</a>. Gainesville, Florida: University of Florida Press: 1960. "<a href="http://floridacitrushalloffame.com/index.php/inductees/inductee-name/?ref_cID=89&bID=0&dd_asId=600" target="_blank">Sydney Chase Sr. (1860-1941)</a>." Florida Citrus Hall of Fame. Copyright 2012. http://floridacitrushalloffame.com/index.php/inductees/inductee-name/?ref_cID=89&bID=0&dd_asId=600. "<a href="http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1986-09-30/news/0260060057_1_chase-isleworth-golf-florida-citrus" target="_blank">Franklin Chase, 'Towering Figure in Citrus Industry</a>.'" The Orlando Sentinel, September 30, 1986. http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1986-09-30/news/0260060057_1_chase-isleworth-golf-florida-citrus. Transcript Mule train moved by Duda transport from Glades farm to Hooper Farm, Zellwood, on May 6, 1963. MAY 63 Chase and Company Duda Duda transport Glades Farm Hooper Farm Mule Train Zellwood https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/9ef3a2c756e88c3fc5d54c866b21e36f.jpg 13dbf74274e9071da193a58e469b7997 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Chase Collection Description Select images, correspondence, and other records from the Chase Collection (MS 14) at Special and Area Studies Collections at the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida. According to the biographical sketch in the collection's finding aid: "The story of the Chases in Florida began in 1878 when Sydney Octavius Chase (1860-1941), having read about orange groves in Scribner's Magazine, came to Florida from Philadelphia. His brother, Joshua Coffin Chase (1858-1948), joined him in 1884 and together they formed Chase and Company that year. The Chase brothers came to Florida at the right time for Florida citrus and at the right time for them as investment entrepreneurs. Strong family ties in the North provided them with financial backing for their ventures. Joshua left Florida in 1895 to work in the California citrus industry. He returned to Florida in 1904 and rejoined his brother. Another brother, Randall, remained in Philadelphia and augmented his brothers' finances when convenient. Sydney and Joshua were also important civic leaders who took part in community development, most notably in the City of Sanford. Both were elected to the Sanford city commission. They also supported the development of Rollins College, worked with the Florida Historical Society, and were the benefactors of numerous charities. Chase and Company began as an insurance company and branched out to storage facilities and fertilizer sales. The latter was the beginning of the company's lucrative agricultural supply division which remained in operation throughout the existence of the company. Although citrus was the primary interest, the company also invested in other agricultural pursuits including celery in central Florida, tung oil production in Jefferson County, and winter vegetables and sugar cane in the Lake Okeechobee muck lands. The company was also involved in the peach business in Georgia and North Carolina. The company was incorporated in 1914, with the Chase brothers owning 75 percent of the stock, and reincorporated in 1948. A second generation of Chases began its involvement in the family operations when Sydney O. Chase, Jr. ( b. 1890) became a citrus buyer in 1922. He was later joined by his brother Randall who served as president of Chase and Company from 1948-1965. Outside the Chase Family, Alfred Foster, W. R. Harney, and William "Billy" Leffler figured prominently as company executives and investors. The company dissolved in 1979 when its principal assets were sold to Sunniland for $5.5 million. The Chases' interest in citrus began when Sydney came to Florida and became associated with General Henry S. Sanford. The Chases would eventually own General Sanford's experimental farm, Belair, and the Chase family home in Sanford was located there. Over the years, the Chases invested in a number of citrus groves and owned others outright. In 1912, they organized the Chase Investment Company as a holding company for their farms. Initially, the company operated the Isleworth, Nocatee, Belair, and Kelly citrus groves as well as celery farms in Sanford. The company was renamed Chase Groves, Inc. in 1951. From time to time, Chase Investment was involved in real estate in Florida and North Carolina. The latter included Fort Caswell, a former military property that was held for a time and then sold. Unquestionably, the jewel in the Chase crown was the Isleworth grove at Windermere. Isleworth's four hundred lake-tempered acres carried the Chases through many difficult times. It proved to be the principal asset at the company's demise when it was sold to golf legend Arnold Palmer in 1984. Chase Groves dissolved that same year, 100 years after the founding of Chase and Company." Contributor <a href="http://web.uflib.ufl.edu/spec/" target="_blank">Special and Area Studies Collections</a>, University of Florida Alternative Title Chase Collection Subject Chase and Company (Sanford, Fla.) Chase, Sydney Octavius, 1860-1941 Chase, Joshua Coffin, 1858-1948 Citrus fruit industry--Florida Golf--Florida Celery industry Sanford (Fla.) Windermere (Fla.) Jacksonville (Fla.) Orlando (Fla.) Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> Language eng Type Collection Coverage Sanford, Florida Isleworth Grove, Windermere, Florida Jacksonville, Florida Orlando, Florida Contributing Project <a href="http://web.uflib.ufl.edu/spec/" target="_blank">Special and Area Studies Collections</a>, University of Florida <a href="http://ufdc.ufl.edu/" target="_blank">Digital Collections (UFDC)</a>, University of Florida Curator Marra, Katherine Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="http://floridacitrushalloffame.com/index.php/inductees/inductee-name/?ref_cID=89&bID=0&dd_asId=600" target="_blank">Sydney Chase Sr. (1860-1941)</a>." Florida Citrus Hall of Fame. Copyright 2012. http://floridacitrushalloffame.com/index.php/inductees/inductee-name/?ref_cID=89&bID=0&dd_asId=600. Warner, S.C. "<a href="http://www.fshs.org/Proceedings/Password%20Protected/1923%20Vol.%2036/198-200%20%28WARNER%29.pdf" target="_blank">Development of Marketing Citrus Fruits in Florida</a>." Florida State Horticultural Society vol. 36 (1923): 198-200. Hopkins, James T. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1219230" target="_blank">Fifty Years of Citrus, the Florida Citrus Exchange: 1909-1959</a>. Gainesville, Florida: University of Florida Press: 1960. "<a href="http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1986-09-30/news/0260060057_1_chase-isleworth-golf-florida-citrus" target="_blank">Franklin Chase, 'Towering Figure in Citrus Industry</a>.'" The Orlando Sentinel, September 30, 1986. http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1986-09-30/news/0260060057_1_chase-isleworth-golf-florida-citrus. Provenance Entire <a href="http://web.uflib.ufl.edu/spec/pkyonge/chase.htm" target="_blank">Chase Collection</a> is comprised of four separate accessions from various donors, including Cecilia Johnson, the granddaughter of Joshua Coffin Chase and the children of Randall Chase. Rights Holder The displayed collection is housed at <a href="http://web.uflib.ufl.edu/spec/" target="_blank">Special and Area Studies Collections</a> at the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida. Rights to this item belong to the said institution, and therefore inquiries about the item should be directed there. <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> has obtained permission from Special and Area Studies Collections at the University of Florida to display this item for educational purposes only. Source Repository University of Florida, <a href="http://web.uflib.ufl.edu/spec/" target="_blank">Special and Area Studies Collections</a> Has Part <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/90" target="_blank">Celery Collection</a>, Chase Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/93" target="_blank">Citrus Collection</a>, Chase Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/91" target="_blank">Belair Grove Collection</a>, Citrus Collection, Chase Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/100" target="_blank">Florida Citrus Exchange Collection</a>, Citrus Collection, Chase Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/88" target="_blank">Isleworth Grove Collection</a>, Citrus Collection, Chase Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/86" target="_blank">Sanford Collection</a>, Chase Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/94" target="_blank">Holy Cross Episcopal Church Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Chase Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/87" target="_blank">Sanford Country Club and Golf Course Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Chase Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format 1-page letter of correspondence on Chase & Company letterhead Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Letter from C. H. Miller to Randall Chase (May 8, 1963) Alternative Title Chase Correspondence (May 8, 1963) Subject Zellwood (Fla.) Chase and Company (Sanford, Fla.) Equipment and supplies Description An original letter of correspondence between Maintenance Department Manager C. H. Miller and Randall Chase. Topics discussed in the letter include enclosed photographs taken of the delivery of a mule train by Duda from Glades Farm to Hooper Farm in Zellwood, Florida, on May 6, 1963. Chase & Company was established in 1884 by brothers Sydney Octavius Chase and Joshua Coffin Chase. The company sold insurance and later invested in storage facilities and fertilizer sales. Chase & Company was known mainly for its agricultural interests and maintained a series of citrus groves throughout Central Florida. The company was based out of Sanford and became one of the city's largest employers into the early twentieth century. Randall Chase joined in the family business soon after his brother, Sydney Chase, Jr., did in 1922. Randall became the president of Chase & Company from 1948-1965. Source Original letter from C. H. Miller to Randall Chase, May 8, 1963: box 215, <a href="http://web.uflib.ufl.edu/spec/pkyonge/chase.htm" target="_blank">Chase Collection (MS 14)</a>, Special and Area Studies Collections, George A. Smathers Libraries, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida. Date Created 1963-05-08 Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original letter from C. H. Miller to Randall Chase, May 8, 1963. Is Part Of <a href="http://web.uflib.ufl.edu/spec/pkyonge/chase.htm" target="_blank">Chase Collection</a> (MS 14), box 215, <a href="http://web.uflib.ufl.edu/spec/" target="_blank">Special and Area Studies Collections</a>, George A. Smathers Libraries, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/23" target="_blank">Chase Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Referenced By Folder referenced in Chase Collection finding guide, <a href="http://web.uflib.ufl.edu/spec/pkyonge/chase.htm" target="_blank">http://web.uflib.ufl.edu/spec/pkyonge/chase.htm</a>. Format image/jpg Extent 126 KB Medium 1-page letter of correspondence on Chase & Company letterhead Language eng Type Text Coverage Chase & Company Office, Sanford, Florida Hooper Farm, Zellwood, Florida Accrual Method Donation Mediator History Teacher Economics Teacher Geography Teacher Provenance Entire <a href="http://web.uflib.ufl.edu/spec/pkyonge/chase.htm" target="_blank">Chase Collection</a> is comprised of four separate accessions from various donors, including Cecilia Johnson, the granddaughter of Joshua Coffin Chase and the children of Randall Chase. Rights Holder The displayed collection item is housed at <a href="http://web.uflib.ufl.edu/spec/" target="_blank">Special and Area Studies Collections</a> at the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida. Rights to this item belong to the said institution, and therefore inquiries about the item should be directed there. <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> has obtained permission from Special and Area Studies Collections at the University of Florida to display this item for educational purposes only. Contributing Project <a href="http://web.uflib.ufl.edu/spec/" target="_blank">Special and Area Studies Collections</a>, University of Florida <a href="http://ufdc.ufl.edu/" target="_blank">Digital Collections (UFDC)</a>, University of Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository University of Florida, <a href="http://web.uflib.ufl.edu/spec/" target="_blank">Special and Area Studies Collections</a> External Reference Warner, S.C. "<a href="http://www.fshs.org/Proceedings/Password%20Protected/1923%20Vol.%2036/198-200%20%28WARNER%29.pdf" target="_blank">Development of Marketing Citrus Fruits in Florida</a>." Florida State Horticultural Society vol. 36 (1923): 198-200. Hopkins, James T. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1219230" target="_blank">Fifty Years of Citrus, the Florida Citrus Exchange: 1909-1959</a>. Gainesville, Florida: University of Florida Press: 1960. "<a href="http://floridacitrushalloffame.com/index.php/inductees/inductee-name/?ref_cID=89&bID=0&dd_asId=600" target="_blank">Sydney Chase Sr. (1860-1941)</a>." Florida Citrus Hall of Fame. Copyright 2012. http://floridacitrushalloffame.com/index.php/inductees/inductee-name/?ref_cID=89&bID=0&dd_asId=600. "<a href="http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1986-09-30/news/0260060057_1_chase-isleworth-golf-florida-citrus" target="_blank">Franklin Chase, 'Towering Figure in Citrus Industry</a>.'" The Orlando Sentinel, September 30, 1986. http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1986-09-30/news/0260060057_1_chase-isleworth-golf-florida-citrus. Transcript CHASE & COMPANY DISTRIBUTORS CITRUS FRUITS AND VEGETABLES SANFORD, FLORIDA May 8, 1963 Mr. Randall Chase Office Enclosed are pictures taken Tuesday, May 7th, showing condition of mule train delivered by Duda Monday, May 6th. To Hooper Farm Zellwood Pictures were taken Tuesday, PM, and received from the photographer Wednesday, PM. C. H. Miller, Manager Maintenance Department CHM ar Incline[?] was in good order when it left the farm in glades. RC Sunniland TRADEMARK References "<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/1843" target="_blank">Chase & Company Mule Train</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/1843. Chase and Company Chase, Randall Duda Glades Farm Hooper Farm maintenance department Miller, C. H. Mule Train Zellwood https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/b47465f19a33f9718e3be90f71ecce17.pdf 5ff4d2b8fbe443ed377944112083de69 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Sanford Collection Description The present-day Sanford area was originally inhabited by the Mayaca/Joroco natives by the time Europeans arrived. The tribe was decimated by war and disease by 1760 and was replaced by the Seminole Indians. In 1821, the United States acquired Florida from Spain and Americans began to settled in the state. Camp Monroe was established in the mid-1830s to defend the area against Seminoles during the Seminole Wars. In 1836, the United States Army built a road (present-day Mellonville Avenue) to a location called "Camp Monroe," during the Second Seminole War. Following an attack on February 8, 1837, the camp was renamed "Fort Mellon," in honor of the battle's only American casualty, Captain Charles Mellon. The town of Mellonville was founded nearby in 1842 by Daniel Stewart. When Florida became a state three years later, Mellonville became the county seat for Orange County, which was originally a portion of Mosquito County. Citrus was the first cash crop in the area and the first fruit packing plant was constructed in 1869. In 1870, a lawyer from Connecticut by the name of Henry Shelton Sanford (1832-1891) purchased 12,548 acres of open land west of Mellonville. His vision was to make this new land a major port city, both railway and by water. Sitting on Lake Monroe, and the head of the St. Johns River, the City of Sanford earned the nickname of “The Gate City of South Florida.” Sanford became not only a transportation hub, but a leading citrus industry in Florida, and eventually globally. The Great Fire of 1887 devastated the city, which also suffered from a statewide epidemic of yellow fever the following year. The citrus industry flourished until the Great Freezes of 1894 and 1895, causing planters to begin growing celery in 1896 as an alternative. Celery replaced citrus as the city's cash crop and Sanford was nicknamed "Celery City." In 1913, Sanford became the county seat of Seminole County, once part of Orange County. Agriculture dominated the region until Walt Disney World opened in October of 1971, effectively shifting the Central Florida economy towards tourism and residential development. Alternative Title Sanford Collection Subject Sanford (Fla.) Contributor <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> <a href="https://www.thehistorycenter.org/" target="_blank">Orange County Regional History Center</a> <a href="http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/" target="_blank">Sanford Historical Society, Inc.</a> <a href="http://www.sanfordfl.gov/index.aspx?page=108" target="_blank">Sanford Museum</a> Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/44" target="_blank">Seminole County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Sanford, Florida Curator Marra, Katherine Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference Sanford Historical Society (Fla.). <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/53015288" target="_blank">Sanford</a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 2003. "<a href="http://www.sanfordfl.gov/index.aspx?page=48" target="_blank">Sanford: A Brief History</a>." City of Sanford. http://www.sanfordfl.gov/index.aspx?page=48. The Seminole Herald. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/52633016" target="_blank">Sanford: Our First 125 Years</a>. [Sanford, FL]: The Herald, 2002. Mills, Jerry W., and F. Blair Reeves. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/11338196" target="_blank">A Chronology of the Development of the City of Sanford, Florida: With Major Emphasis on Early Growth</a>, 1975. Has Part <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/82" target="_blank">Celery Soup: Florida’s Folk Life Play Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/65" target="_blank">Churches of Sanford Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/131" target="_blank">Creative Sanford, Inc. Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/41" target="_blank">Georgetown Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/78" target="_blank">Marie J. Francis Collection</a>, Georgetown Collection, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/101" target="_blank">Sanford Avenue Collection</a>, Georgetown Collection, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/79" target="_blank">Goldsboro Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/116" target="_blank">Henry L. DeForest Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/12" target="_blank">Hotel Forrest Lake Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/14" target="_blank">Ice Houses of Sanford Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/42" target="_blank">Milane Theatre Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/13" target="_blank">Naval Air Station Sanford Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/15" target="_blank">Sanford Baseball Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/61" target="_blank">Sanford Cigar Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/10" target="_blank">Sanford Riverfront Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/11" target="_blank">Sanford State Farmers' Market Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Text 1 pamphlet Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Corporate Farming: How Chase & Company Has Grown Into a Dominant Force in Florida Agri-Business Alternative Title Corporate Farming Subject Sanford (Fla.) Chase, Sydney Octavius, 1860-1941 Agriculture--Florida Corporate farms Farming Citrus--Florida Citrus fruit industry--Florida Celery Celery industry Fruit industry--Florida Packing industry Packing houses--United States Fertilizers--Florida Fertilizer industry--Florida Description A pamphlet about the history and structure of Chase & Company. One of the first vendors to lease a stall at the first Sanford State Farmers' Market, Chase & Company was established by brothers Sydney Octavius Chase and Joshua Coffin Chase in 1884. The company sold insurance and later invested in storage facilities and fertilizer sales. Chase & Company was known mainly for its agricultural interests and maintained a series of citrus groves throughout Central Florida. The company was based out of Sanford and became one of the city's largest employers into the early twentieth century. By 1886, the Chase brothers purchased several citrus groves to expand their business, including Isleworth Grove in Windermere, Florida. Isleworth Grove covered a total of 1,300 acres along the Butler Chain of Lakes. Between 1894 and 1895, Central Florida was hit by several freezes and most of the citrus crop was destroyed. Chase & Company did not grow citrus crops again until 1904 when Joshua came back from an extended stay in California. Between 1894 and 1900, different types of pesticide equipment was created, including equipment driven by steam, machines, and horses.Randall Chase joined in the family business soon after his brother, Sydney Chase, Jr., did in 1922. Randall became the president of Chase & Company from 1948-1965. The Isleworth property stayed in the Chase family until 1984 when Franklin Chase, the son of Sydney Chase, sold the property to famed golfer Arnold Palmer. Type Text Source Original pamphlet: "Corporate Farming: How Chase & Company Has Grown Into a Dominant Force in Florida Agri-Business": Agricultural Collection, Celery Collection, <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a>, Sanford, Florida. Is Part Of <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a>, Sanford, Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/16" target="_blank">Sanford Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original pamphlet: "Corporate Farming: How Chase & Company Has Grown Into a Dominant Force in Florida Agri-Business." Coverage Sanford, Florida Zellwood, Florida Belle Glade, Florida Date Created ca. 1900-1999 Format application/pdf Extent 342 KB Medium 1 pamphlet Language eng Mediator History Teacher Economics Teacher Geography Teacher Provenance Originally owned by <a href="http://www.sunnilandcorp.com/" target="_blank">Chase and Company</a>. Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by the <a href="http://www.sunnilandcorp.com/" target="_blank">Sunniland Corporation</a> and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> External Reference Warner, S. C. "<a href="http://www.fshs.org/Proceedings/Password%20Protected/1923%20Vol.%2036/198-200%20%28WARNER%29.pdf" target="_blank">Development of Marketing Citrus Fruits in Florida</a>." Florida State Horticultural Society vol. 36 (1923): 198-200. Hopkins, James T. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1219230" target="_blank">Fifty Years of Citrus, the Florida Citrus Exchange: 1909-1959</a>. Gainesville, Florida: University of Florida Press: 1960. "<a href="http://floridacitrushalloffame.com/index.php/inductees/inductee-name/?ref_cID=89&bID=0&dd_asId=600" target="_blank">Sydney Chase Sr. (1860-1941)</a>." Florida Citrus Hall of Fame. Copyright 2012. http://floridacitrushalloffame.com/index.php/inductees/inductee-name/?ref_cID=89&bID=0&dd_asId=600. agribusiness agriculturalist agriculture Belle Glade building Building Materials Department cabbage cabbage industry celery celery industry Chase and Company Chase, Sydney Octavius citrus Citrus Department citrus grove citrus industry construction corn corn industry corporate farm corporate farming corporation crop distribution distributor escarole escarole industry farm farming fertilizer Fertilizer and Garden Supply Department fertilizer industry fruit fruit industry garden supply grove grower growing harvest insurance insurance industry lettuce lettuce industry manufacturer manufacturing marketing nursery orange orange industry packing packing house packing industry Sanford shipping sweet corn vegetable Vegetable Department vegetable industry warehouse warehousing wholesale wholesaler Zellwood https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/cd78f4769e8e45b85bf170fe15b385fe.mp3 036b6fb8889d3948ab83bbc221626ffd https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/fb392c0b83df25923e43be9519172c45.pdf 5309e3142adec2c181f0860cfedd036d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Linda McKnight Batman Oral History Project Collection Alternative Title Linda McKnight Batman Collection Subject Ocala (Fla.) Orlando (Fla.) Oviedo (Fla.) Port Tampa (Fla.) Sanford (Fla.) Silver Springs (Fla.) Titusville (Fla.) Zellwood (Fla.) Description Collection of oral histories depicting the history of Seminole County, Florida. The project was funded by Linda McKnight Batman, a former teacher, historian, and Vice President of the State of Florida Commission on Ethics. Language eng Type Collection Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> External Reference Museum of Seminole County History, and University of Central Florida. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/744676869" target="_blank">Researcher's Guide to Seminole County Oral Histories: Linda McKnight Batman Oral History Project</a>. [Sanford, Fla.]: Museum of Seminole County History, 2010. Contributor <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> Coverage Seminole County, Florida Ocala, Florida Oviedo, Florida Port Tampa, Florida Sanford, Florida Silver Springs, Florida Titusville, Florida Zellwood, Florida Contributing Project Linda McKnight Batman Oral History Project Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer Morris, Joseph Interviewee Clonts, Rex, Jr. Location Rex Clonts, Jr.'s home in Florida Bit Rate/Frequency 1411kpbs Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Oral History of Rex Clonts, Jr. Alternative Title Oral History, Clonts Subject Oviedo (Fla.) Celery Agriculture--Florida Zellwood (Fla.) Citrus--Florida Cattle--Florida Ants--United States Description An oral history of Rex Clonts, Jr., conducted by Joseph Morris on November 2, 2011. Clonts was born in Orlando, Florida, but he was raised in Oviedo. In the interview, Clonts discusses his family's work in agriculture, celery farming, how Oviedo has changed over time, the effect of Walt Disney World and the University of Central Florida (UCF) on the region, the citrus and cattle industries, the relationship between the Oviedo community and the Naval Air Station Sanford (NAS Sanford), and fire ants in Florida. Table Of Contents 0:00:00 Introduction 0:00:40 Family background in agriculture 0:11:32 Celery farming 0:12:06 RECORDING CUTS OFF 0:12:07 Celery farming 0:20:23 Bleaching celery 0:25:34 Childhood memories of mules 0:29:13 Working in the fields 0:31:01 How Oviedo has changed over time 0:33:13 Arrival of Walt Disney World and the University of Central Florida 0:38:11 Evolution of the citrus industry 0:42:27 Central Florida weather 0:43:28 Cattle industry 0:45:19 College education 0:45:46 Plane crash near Oviedo High School 0:48:58 Relationship between the Oviedo community and the Sanford Naval Training Center 0:50:40 Fire ants in Florida 0:55:06 Closing remarks Abstract Oral history interview of Rex Clonts, Jr. Interview conducted by Joseph Morris at Clonts' home in Florida. Type Sound Source Original 55-minute and 16-second oral history: Clonts, Rex, Jr. Interviewed by Joseph Morris. November 2, 2011. Audio record available. <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a>, Sanford, Florida. Requires Multimedia software, such as <a href="http://www.apple.com/quicktime/download/" target="_blank"> QuickTime</a>. <a href="http://www.adobe.com/reader.html" target="_blank">Adobe Acrobat Reader</a> Is Part Of <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a>, Sanford, Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/123" target="_blank">Linda McKnight Batman Oral History Project Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Coverage Oviedo, Florida Zellwood, Florida Black Hammock, Oviedo, Florida Mitchell Hammock, Oviedo, Florida Oviedo High School, Oviedo, Florida Naval Air Station Sanford, Sanford, Florida Creator Morris, Joseph Clonts, Rex, Jr. Date Created 2011-11-02 Date Modified 2014-09-09 Date Copyrighted 2011-11-02 Format audio/wav application/pdf Extent 557 MB 151 KB Medium 55-minute and 16-second audio recording 18-page typed transcript Language eng Mediator History Teacher Economics Teacher Geography Teacher Provenance Originally created by Joseph Morris. Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by the <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> External Reference "<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/audio/Ep41-Oviedo.mp3" target="_blank">Episode 41: Oviedo, with Dr. Richard Adicks</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/audio/Ep41-Oviedo.mp3. Adicks, Richard, and Donna M. Neely. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5890131" target="_blank">Oviedo, Biography of a Town</a>. S.l: s.n.], 1979. Robison, Jim. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/796757419" target="_blank">Around Oviedo</a>. 2012. "<a href="http://www.cityofoviedo.net/node/68" target="_blank">History</a>." City of Oviedo, Florida. http://www.cityofoviedo.net/node/68. Transcript Morris It is November 2, 2011, and I'm talking to Rex Clonts[, Jr.] at his residence. I am Joseph Morris, representing the Linda McKnight Batman Oral History Project for the Historical Society of Central Florida. Mr. Clonts, could you tell us a little about your life? Clonts Well, I was born in 1949 in the hospital, in Orange Memorial Hospital in Orlando, to Rex Clonts, Sr., my dad, and my mother, Thelma Lee Clonts. I'm gonna talk a little bit about their life, if that's okay. Morris Perfect, sir. Clonts My dad came to Oviedo riding in the lap of his mother—he was one year old, age of one—in a Model A Ford, from north Georgia in 1937, I believe. And my mother was born here on Lake Charm in Oviedo. They both passed on rather recently. They—so, basically, both lifelong residents of Oviedo. And after the war [World War II] they married, and I'm the oldest of their five children. Four of us still live right here in Seminole County, and have one sister who lives in Cartersville, Georgia. Morris What kind of jobs did your parents do while they lived in Oviedo, sir? Clonts Their families were in agriculture. Oh, let me start over. Let me start back just a little bit. My mother's family had—her grandfather had moved down here in the 1880s, and her father—my grandfather—C. S. Lee, was born here on Lake Charm in Oviedo. And his dad was in agriculture, taking care of citrus trees. And so my grandfather was always in the citrus, vegetable, and cattle business. And so my mother was familiar with all those endeavors coming up, and it was natural that she married a farmer—my father. His father also had begun farming shortly after arriving in Oviedo. Morris Same type of farming, sir? Clonts Both of them were vegetable farmers growing celery. Morris Okay, sir. Clonts They grew some other crops from time to time, but specialized in celery farming. And so—growing up here—that's what my family did. We had some orange groves, but the majority of the family focus was on the vegetable farming operation. C. R. Clonts Associated Growers was the company that my grandfather started in the early 1940s, and at one time we farmed over 200 acres of celery right here in eastern Seminole County-Oviedo area. You got a mosquito on your cheek. Got him. Morris Thank you, sir. Clonts Celery farming was extremely profitable, lucrative during the early '30s and '40s. Sort of the heyday of the Oviedo celery industry. So their timing was good. But over—after the war, when all the boys came home from the war, and a lot more celery was being grown in the United States, markets went down. Prices went down. The small farms here in Oviedo weren't as easy to operate—weren't as efficient. And so my father and grandfather purchased land in Zellwood—in the Zellwood muck area on Lake Apopka. And they did that in anticipation of needing to be having a more modern, large, contiguous farm. So they purchased that in the year I was born, in 1949. So when I grew up, we were farming both places. My father was farming both—multiple small farms here around Oviedo—Black Hammock, Mitchell Hammock, the Slavia area—and we were raising vegetables at our Zellwood farm. And that was 650 acres. And as a child, I remember going over, and every year they would clear up another portion of that farm. So they started by farming just 40 acres, and then over about another 10 or 12 years, they cleared the rest of it so that they could farm all 650 acres over there. When I went off to college, I specifically—I went to school so that I wouldn't be a farmer. I could have stayed home and been a farmer. So I was planning on working in the business world, and just before I graduated realized the one business I could control was coming back here, taking over the family farm. And so I came back and joined actively working full-time in 1971, when I got out of college. And I moved over to Apopka and ran that Zellwood farm. We grew celery, lettuce, carrots, sweet corn, occasionally onions and parsley—several crops over the years, but the staple was always celery, sweet corn, and carrots. And in about 1978, we closed down our last Oviedo farm. Up until that time, we'd been farming both places, but we closed that down, and the last farm land that we were actively farming is now—is in Mitchell Hammock—is now a sod farm along Mitchell Hammock in between Mitchell Hammock and Chapman Roads. So, no longer used for vegetables. Family still owns the land, but we don't farm vegetables anymore. Morris Okay, sir. So your family's no longer in the farming business, but they were in the farming business up until 1978? Clonts Well, we still were in business here in several ways. We always had orange groves here. Morris Okay, sir. Clonts And we have cattle ranches. Morris Those were my follow-up questions. Clonts Yeah. You know, you'd find most people that had been multi-generational in the vegetable business in Central Florida also have had orange groves and cattle, because the three just naturally go together here. And you can, if you're successful in one, you're able to be successful in the other, usually. Morris How come they go together like that, sir? Clonts Well, vegetables are very seasonal, so, you know, you've got a fall crop and a spring crop, but you got time on your hands during the other portions of the year. So orange grove tends to be more year-round work, but is not as intensive as vegetable farming, so you can sort of work the two together. And then if you've been successful in the vegetable business, usually you reinvest in land, and very often the best use for that land is cattle. Only certain types of land are good vegetable land, but cattle you can graze just about anywhere in Central Florida. Morris Okay, sir. Could you give us a little insight into how you grow vegetables—celery in particular, citrus in particular—like the methods of how you would go about it? Clonts Celery's, in nature, celery grows, um—stop it. Morris Sure thing, sir. Morris Okay, sir. Would you like to continue? Clonts Yeah. Celery in Central Florida is—the seed is planted in the fall, and it’s planted in seed beds so that you can grow a large number of plants in a small, controlled area. You can herbicide them. You can control the irrigation. And as those seeds—because celery seeds are a very difficult seed to sprout. It’s not much larger than a large fleck of pepper, and takes a long time to germinate to get any substantial size, and so we would start planting seed in August. But because that seed is so tender, we would oftentimes cover those plants. First of all, laid burlap out as soon as you rolled the seed down out on the ground, and let the seed actually germinate under the burlap where it would be cooler and moister. You kept the ground moist with subsurface irrigation, and actually surface irrigation between the beds to keep that environment just right for those little seeds to germinate. And then you would remove the sacks after the green—after the seeds germinated and started to show the first leaves. And we would grow them in the seed bed for about four months, and then we would transplant those plants, pull them up by the root, knock the majority of the dirt off the root, and pack them in boxes, take them to the production field. And we used a New Holland transplanter, which is a fairly simple machine that, as it’s pulled through the field, opens up a furrow, and it has a wheel with a set of fingers on it, and you can put the plants one at a time in the notches in the wheel, and as it goes around and puts the root in that furrow, it releases that plant. And we would have a bank of six of these wheels on the back of a tractor-drawn machine, and go through the field and transplant—we called it “setting”—the celery plants in the field. And from that point, they got immediately irrigated with overhead irrigation so that the ground got packed good[sic] around the roots, and they got a good start. Then it took anywhere from 75 to 90—and if the weather was cold, maybe 100—days to produce that crop. So growing celery’s four months in the seed bed, and three months in the field. It’s a long cycle, especially when you consider that in the off-time you’re having. Someone usually would gather seed from an arid region like Utah or California. Had our seed grown. So between the production of seed and the planting of seed and the growing of the crop, was just about a year-round endeavor. And we did all our harvesting in March, April, May, and June. Morris Why did you transplant it from the seed bed to the production area? What was the difference between—is it soil? Clonts No. Well, yes. It did happen to be different soil, but you could take ten acres of seed beds and grow enough plants for 200 acres of field production, and so was much less expensive to take care of that—to do the fungicide, and the weeding, and keeping the insects off of it on ten acres. And then you—when you pull those plants and spread them out where they would get to a large stalk, planted them at the right distance apart, you could have 200 acres of celery out of that. You only had three months to take care of that 200 acres. Morris Oh, okay, sir. So it was easier to guard and protect them when they were younger that way? Clonts Yeah, much easier, much less expensive to protect them. The transplanting operation was expensive, but it was not nearly as expensive as it would have been trying to put those plants—to put those seeds directly in the field and take care of them the whole seven months it took to grow that. And you could, also when that—the seed beds—that ten acres that that seed bed was on… Morris Mosquito’s trying to—he’s gone. He’s just scouting you out, sir. Clonts The ten acres that seed beds are on is very—you intensely farm that, and one of the preparations of doing that intense farming—this will keep the mosquitoes out—is that you level that land meticulously. You tried to—you ran a very intricate irrigation system all tile-drained, and you used—your seed bed land was your most prized possession in the celery business. That seed bed—a good seed bed—plot that was the right consistency of soil and the right ability to not only hold moisture, but to get rid of moisture when you had too much rain—to get rid of excessive rainfall—was very important. So celery farmers did a lot of work to try to get their seed bed just perfect and have the right plot of land to do that with. Morris So that was pretty common then, between celery farmers? Clonts Yeah. Every celery farmer in the state had their own seed beds. And now seed—most celery seed or a good portion of it—is grown in greenhouses. It’s grown in plant trays—in the trays of plants in greenhouses. So it’s got much more of a controlled environment to grow in now, than when we were growing them outside. But still the best plants are the ones grown outdoors. It’s just a lot tougher, a lot more work. Morris Okay, sir. Did you ever bleach the plants—whiten them? Clonts That was a practice that kind of came to an end in the mid-1940s. Until then, yes. They took the boards and put down the sides of celery, at least a portion of it, and they would bleach it. I remember them doing that as a child—I shouldn’t say that. I remember them talking about it, but I don’t actually remember seeing it. Morris Okay, sir. But why did they do that? I personally don’t understand. Clonts It was a practice that—I don’t know this for sure—but I think that it allowed celery to be harvested, and stored in root cellars, and carried much longer through the year, than if celery were left green and packed away and stored. You know, a lot of the original celery growers were Upstate New York and Michigan. In the North, when they grew celery, they grew it in the late summer, harvested it, and stored it, and shipped it out little by little during the wintertime. And so people would traditionally take celery, put it in a root cellar back in the—back before refrigeration. And it was very important to try to preserve that as long as you could before so that you had vegetables, and if you stored potatoes, and everything that you harvested in the fall, you stored and ate on it as long as you could. We’re not used to that nowadays. Nowadays you go to a supermarket and they got, you know, just about every vegetable year-round, but that’s just happened in my lifetime. Prior to that and prior to refrigeration in the early part of the 1900s, vegetables were very seasonal. And so you had an excess—you had an abundance at harvest time—you tried to store that as long as you could. And bleached celery would store better than green celery. Morris Okay, sir. Clonts That’s the reason. That’s the long-winded explanation for bleaching. And because it traditionally had been bleached, even after refrigeration came along in the early part of the 1900s, celery was—had always—people were used to eating bleached celery, so that’s the way it was done. That was phased out, and my understanding is that the military, right before World War II, came out with a report that said green celery was better for you than bleached celery—was more nutritious. And that one report was sort of the tipping point. They had been up until then, for the few years before that, they had been growing bleached and unbleached celery, and after that, bleached celery became a thing of the past. Morris Okay. Well, thank you, sir. Clonts All right. That’s the long-winded explanation. It’s kind of like, you know, why did all citrus juice come from a frozen concentrate can a few years ago, and now it’s available in a not-from-concentrate carton in the refrigerated section of the store? It’s sort of the same thing. It’s an evolution of technology and what people are used to. And you can’t—people don’t change their habits overnight. It takes a while. Morris All right. Gotcha, sir. Clonts But all the celery starting in the late ‘40s then, was not bleached celery. Morris Did your—so I’m understanding—well, you didn’t grow it that way, but your father and grandfather each did? Clonts Grandfathers definitely did. Yes. Morris Okay. Well, how, you said earlier that one of the stories you remember—hearing them talk about bleaching the celery. Do you remember any other childhood memories popped into your mind? You know, whether’s[sic] it in agriculture or just at school? Clonts Well, when I was—I do remember my father’s—excuse me—my grandfather’s mules. He had obviously started—mules were used a lot, exclusively in the 1800s, and quite a bit in the early 1900s, because in Oviedo most of this celery farming was grown on muck, and that soft, organic land, the heavy tractors of the day wouldn’t stand up. They’d do fine out here on the sand land, or where they were mostly used in the Midwest, but that muck soil was, you had to have good flotation. And they would even take the mules’ hooves and wrap them in sacks, and tie around the hooves to increase the footprint of the mule so that he wouldn’t bog up as much when he went through the field. And at the end of the day, untied those sacks off the bottom of the mules’ feet. And the next day, if it was still soft and wet out there, they’d retie them. That would keep him from bogging up. He’d only sink three inches instead of sinking eight inches. Morris And the mule accepted this. Clonts The mules accepted it. And you know, back then, if you were going to be a farmer, you had to be able to have a good—you had to know your mules, and be able to train them, and be able to work them. And it was an art to have a good team of mules. So I remember as a kid, the conversation between my dad and my grandfather, where my dad was saying, “What in the world are you doing keeping those mules? You haven’t plowed a field with them in five years now, and we’re not gonna ever use mules again. I don’t know why you’re fooling with them.” And my grandfather saying, “They’re my mules. I can’t just get rid of them.” So until those mules died, which was probably—I was probably six or seven years old—he still had a barn right on the end of Lake Charm at Florida Avenue. Along Florida Avenue there, he had a barn with two mules in it. But I’ve never seen them work the field. I’ve seen pictures. I’ve got pictures of it. In fact, I’ve got pictures of my grandfather with his mule team and his first tractor in the field, and he’s smiling. I think he’s more proud of the mules than he is the tractor. Morris He had two mules? Is that like a normal amount, or... Clonts Oh, well, they generally used a mule team. They generally used two mule teams farming here. Now, I have no idea how many total teams he had, but probably, you know, two or three teams of two. Morris You said your grandfather had worked the fields. Did your father also work as a farmer? Clonts Yeah. Yes. Morris And growing up, did you do the same? Clonts Well, I worked summers, you know, but—so when school got out in the summer, I’d go work with Dad, and work all summer long at the farm. But my dad always told me that, you know, he wanted me to be whatever I wanted to be. You know, don’t—he didn’t expect me to come back to the farm. If I did, it was going to be my decision. He wanted me to make that decision on my own. Morris Okay. Clonts So as I said, when I went off to college, I went so that I wouldn’t be a farmer, but ended up coming back. Morris When you came back, sir, did you work mostly the administrative? Or did you also go back and work the fields as well? Clonts No, I worked the fields. I mean, you know, times had changed, but we had a crew of tractor drivers and—but I was the farm manager. I oversaw not only decisions on what we were gonna plant and where we were gonna plant it, but when the planting times were gonna be, and how we were gonna try to space the crop out, what personnel we needed for packing, and shipping, and selling. Morris Okay, sir. Can you tell us how it’s changed over the years, like Oviedo and the areas you’ve lived in? Since you were growing up, I’m assuming there’s been a lot of changes between then and now. Clonts Well, Oviedo in the 1950s was an agricultural economy. Between the citrus and the vegetables that were grown, the basis for all the economy and all the services here was built around agriculture. That started changing in the late ‘50s, as some of the new equipment that was available had opened up new farming areas in the United States, and competition. For instance, in South Florida, the Belle Glade area opened up, and it was more economical in a lot of ways to grow products down there than it was up here. So, these farms tended to fall on harder times, and the more marginal farms and marginal farmers dropped out, sometimes bought up by other farmers, and sometimes that land was just taken out of production, never to be put in. There was lots of small pockets here in Oviedo that I remember having vegetables in them, that have not have been farmed in thirty years now. Morris Now, that started occurring the ‘50s, you said, sir? Clonts Well, late ‘50s. And with the, you know, two things things happened about the time I started to go to—I graduated from high school and left to go to college. One is [Walt] Disney [World] opened up, and the other is that UCF [University of Central Florida] was established in our backyard here. And Disney really was the beginning of Orlando being a tourist destination. It had been a wintertime destination for a hundred years, almost, but it had not been a year-round tourist destination until [Walt] Disney established Disney World here. UCF, being so close to Oviedo, changed Oviedo in that it brought in not only the teachers, professors, but all of the services that a large university requires, and, of course, the students. And so, it makes Oviedo a little bit more of a bedroom community to that college—doesn’t make it—Oviedo’s not the classic college town, but it is definitely a bedroom community to UCF. My perspective, because I left for college and didn’t come back to Oviedo—I lived in Apopka after that to run that farm, and just moved back fairly recently. I lived in Apopka for 35 years, but had lots of interests here. My family was here so I was, you know, monthly I was in Oviedo. And so I could see Oviedo change without being part of that change, you know, sort of being distanced from that change. Morris Okay. Clonts And really, not easily described, but a very constant growing and getting less and less dependent on agriculture, more and more dependent on the high-tech industries and moderate. You know, medium manufacturing, light manufacturing, and of course, tourism. Morris As a farmer, did you see UCF and Disney World as problematic for your business or for your community in Orlando? Clonts No, no. You know, you don’t try to rail against progress. It is—and you adapt to it. So, our family’s operation adapted as needed to those, and one reason why we closed the Oviedo farms down and just concentrated on our Zellwood operation was because that was the more modern farm of the last part of the 20th century, and the Oviedo farm was the farm of the first half of the 20th century. Morris Okay, sir. And since then both have farms have been closed down, correct, sir? Clonts Yes. We sold our Zellwood farm to the State of Florida as part of a restoration project to clean up Lake Apopka. Morris Okay. And that was 1979? Clonts No. No, we shut that down, sold that in 1998. Morris Oh, okay, sir. And have you been working elsewhere since then, or traveling, or… Clonts Yeah. We had citrus groves, and we expanded those after selling out the vegetable operation, but basically downsized. I said I retired when I sold the vegetable operation, because I work so much less now than I did back then. But I still stay busy and enjoy growing oranges. You know, even the citrus business has evolved. When I was on the outside, I didn’t think the citrus business changed very much in, you know, my whole lifetime. And then once I got involved in it, I realized it is evolving. So it’s an interesting business to be in. I really enjoy it. Morris How has it evolved? Clonts Well, we were, once again, especially around Oviedo, there were lots of small orange groves. You could send a man on a tractor down the road. If your farm was right here, you could send a man out on over to Casselberry or up to Lake Mary on a tractor pulling an implement, have him do work that day, and drive back in the evening to do work on a ten-acre grove. Now, the liability exposure of putting a tractor on the road, you wouldn’t do—you know, you couldn’t make enough money on a ten-acre grove to just cover the liability exposure. So, groves now tend to be large blocks of a hundred acres, 75 to 500 acres. Anything less than that is pretty hard to caretake. Irrigation systems—groves weren’t irrigated except by portable aluminum pipe. In real dry times in the spring, you would hook portable irrigation pipe to a pump and irrigate down that row—and for two or three hours—and you would shut the pump down, move that pipe through the grove, and reassemble it, and water another strip. Now everything is micro-jet, where there’s a sprinkler under every row, under every tree, year-round, a permanent micro-sprinkler. The irrigation’s mostly done by a timer and moisture sensors in the ground so that you don’t—nothing’s ever touched once it’s installed out there. Morris Oh, okay. Because all I ever see of the orange trees, sir, I don’t get to see underneath the ground. I didn’t know what changes had occurred. Clonts They’ve all got a sprinkler underneath them now. Morris Okay. Clonts And we’re planting much closer than we used to. Trees used to be planted on a 25’ x 25’ spacing. Now, generally, you plant on a 12’ x 24’ spacing, so there’s a lot more trees to the acre, and everything’s worked one way down a row instead of two ways, like they used to do it in a grove. Used to be able to drive down two ways. It’s starting to rain. Do you believe that? Morris No. Clonts Did you leave your windows down? Morris No, sir. Clonts Okay. Morris No. It must be that one random cloud, right there. That’s the one catch about Florida. You never know when it’s gonna rain, even with the sunny skies. Clonts Wow. I’m so surprised at that. I can’t—I wouldn’t have thought it’s gonna rain today, as cool as it was this morning. Morris On the plus side, it doesn’t snow randomly. Clonts Nah. Well, not very often. Morris I think I’ve seen it snow in Florida one time. Clonts Yeah. Morris But the snow disappeared before it hit the ground, and that was in the late ‘80s. Clonts Yeah. Morris Have you ever seen it snow in Florida, sir? Clonts Yeah. Yeah, about three different times I’ve seen where snow stayed around. Morris Really? Clonts Yeah, but not—the Christmas freeze of 1983. Snow stayed in shady spots for two days. Morris Wow. Would not have expected that from Florida. Clonts Yeah. Morris You said you still have the citrus industry as the business. Do you still do cattle, or ... Clonts Well, the Clonts family never was in the cattle business, but we owned pasture land. Morris Oh, okay. Clonts And so, we’ve never been involved directly in the cattle business, but we know it well because we’ve always had land that we leased to my cousins and to other cattlemen who ran the cows, kept up the fences, and paid their lease for all that. Morris Okay. Clonts So, was a way of having a ranch that was active cow ranch without having to be hands-on day-to-day in the business. Morris Okay, sir. And I’m assuming that made it a lot easier, then? Clonts Oh, yeah. Basically, you’re just a landowner. In the cow business, we’ve just been a landowner and landlord to the cattlemen. Morris Okay, sir. Clonts And it’s my mother’s brother, Robert Lee, was very involved in the cattle business all his life, so they leased most of our land. Morris Okay, sir. Jumping off subject, you mentioned when you went to college. You were old enough to go to UCF, were you not? Or was UCF ... Clonts I could’ve gone to UCF, and instead I chose to go to University of South Florida down in Tampa. Morris Oh, really? I didn’t even realize that university was as old. Clonts Yep. Morris So you’re a Bulls fan, then? Clonts That’s right. Morris My best friends would love to hear that. I, however, went to Florida State [University]. Clonts Oh, yeah. Well, that’s another good school. Morris It’s a good school. Are there any particular historical events that come to mind, when you think over the course of your life, sir, that stick out? Clonts Hm. You know, thinking back into my childhood, I remember one that was—and I don’t remember what the year was, probably was about 1961 or ’62—a jet aircraft flying a training mission out at what was then Sanford Naval Training Center [Naval Air Station Sanford], crashed just a few hundred feet from the edge of what is now Lawton Elementary School, but it was the Oviedo High School, which had all twelve grades at that time. And being in class, and hearing that crash, and all the flames and all the confusion afterwards. The pilot died in that crash. You know, one of those things you never forget. But I have forgotten the year. [laughs] So I guess I do forget it. Morris Oh, okay. But you remember the event though, right, sir? Clonts I remember the event. Morris What grade were you in at that time? Clonts It seems like I was in about seventh or eighth grade, something like that. Maybe I was younger than that, because my memory’s still pretty fuzzy. But still it was—I remember the confusion. Morris And was it over by the next day? Did you return to classes normally? Clonts Oh, yeah. And, you know, it was the talk of the town for months and months, but things got back to normal fairly quickly—not, you know. Military jets were still, at that time, you know—it was the new technology. Morris Right. Clonts So it wasn’t—we heard jets flying, but, you know, you didn’t see that many jets back then. Morris Unless they crashed right outside your school. Clonts Unless they crashed next to your school. Morris Then it’s hard to miss them. What kind of relationship did the community have with the military—the base—right there? Especially the farmers. Clonts Oh, I think it was a good relationship. You know, Florida was—a lot of people who were in the military during World War II, when they got out, ended up coming back to Florida, because Florida had been such a good place for military bases in the ‘40s. Got the climate where you can train year-round, you know. It’s a whole lot better being stationed on a base in Pensacola than it is in upstate Michigan in the wintertime. So Florida had lots and lots of bases that trained soldiers of all types in the 1940s. As I said, a lot of those people got a taste of Florida, and once they were out of the military, and maybe got married, and—you know, said, “I know where I want to go.” And they moved back to Florida. Morris Can’t blame them. Clonts Nope. It’s been happening ever since. Morris It has, sir. It has. It’s still, I think—it’s still known for its military bases being more preferable to work—train—here. Because you have some of them in Jacksonville, some still down in Tampa. Clonts Sure. Morris Yeah. Is there anything we haven’t covered, discussed today sir, that you wanted to make sure we got to? Clonts No, I didn’t have any agenda, and I don’t think I’ve done a very good interview. I think I’ve done a pretty average job at this. I remember when fire ants had first gotten into Texas—because fire ants are not native to Florida—and, so fire ants in the mid-‘60s were getting into the state from the coastal states, but they had originally come in in Texas and then spread from there, and the [Douglas] DC-3 airplanes would fly on ant bait over the whole state. They would take a grid of eight miles by eight miles, and they would systematically fly at about three or four hundred feet high, dropping ant bait on a hundred percent of the ground surface. Morris Ant bait was ... Clonts Well, the ant bait was to try to kill fire ants that were coming into the state. Obviously was not successful. Morris Obviously. I didn’t even know they weren’t native to Florida. I just kind of figured they were native everywhere. Clonts No. [laughs] They seem like it now. Morris Yeah. Clonts You know, that’s something that I don’t think you’d see happen today. I mean, there’s new pests now coming into the state of Florida, but at the rate of two or three a year. And you know, we’ve got pythons in the Everglades—that the idea of trying to eradicate an insect like that once it’s got established in the state is probably never going to happen again. Morris Probably not, sir. Did that cause any kind of panic or worry with the farmers? If they took it seriously enough to be spraying the entire state to try to get out fire ants? Clonts Well, fire ants had been—fire ants are a pest, but you just learn to live with them. I mean, fire ants can kill a newborn calf if that calf gets born in the field, and the mother cow drops that calf in an ant pile. I mean, fire ants cause damage to livestock right now. They can kill a newborn calf, but that’s not a high rate of mortality, because it doesn’t happen too often, so it’s not something we try to eradicate anymore. But there was a time when there was a very organized war on fire ants. Morris Who organized this war? Clonts Well, it was at the request of citizens, but it was the government and Ag departments [Department of Agriculture], and so on. Morris Okay. When you say fire ants, you’re talking about the red ones? The black ones had already been here, correct? Or did they both come at the same time? Clonts There’s lots of species of native ants here, some of which bite and some which don’t. Morris Okay. Clonts But the fire ant is the one that, you know, when you step in the mound, you just get swarms of them. Morris Right. There’s one in my front yard. Clonts Yeah. I take those out every time I see one. I get the ant bait out and kill it. But I don’t try to eradicate them all over the state. Morris That would be a little extreme, wouldn’t it? But, is there anything else, sir? Clonts No. Morris All right, sir, this has been invaluable. I really appreciate it. Thank you for letting me come over and talk to you today. Clonts You bet. Click to View (Movie, Podcast, or Website) <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/cd78f4769e8e45b85bf170fe15b385fe.mp3" target="_blank">Oral History of Rex Clonts, Jr.</a> agriculture ants Apopka Black Hammock C. R. Clonts C. R. Clonts Associated Growers C. S. Lee cattle cattle ranch cattle ranches celery Central Florida Charles Simeon Lee citrus Clonts, Thelma Lee farmers farming fire ants Florida Avenue Historical Society of Central Florida irrigation Joseph Morris Lake Apopka Lake Charm Lawton Elementary School Linda McKnight Batman Oral History Project Mitchell Hammock mules Museum of Seminole County History NAS Sanford Naval Air Station Sanford OHS orange groves Orange Memorial Hospital oranges orlando Oviedo Oviedo High School Rex Clonts, Jr. Rex Clonts, Sr. Robert Lee Sanford seed bed seed beds Seminole County Slavia Tampa Thelma Lee Thelma Lee Clonts tourism UCF University of Central Florida University of South Florida USF Walt Disney Walt Disney World Walter Elias Disney Zellwood https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/23288d20d38c0f7e671f6412e62d4b87.mp3 55a3af9e40b4b44c9a4a0ad9c247159b https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/663dc00c96defba98cdc99ec779a8f3e.pdf 42d0c3d670181b55b0a681f04154e110 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Altamonte Springs Collection Alternative Title Altamonte Collection Subject Altamonte Springs (Fla.) Description Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of Altamonte Springs, Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around. In 1870, Dr. Washington Kilmer of Cincinnati, Ohio, became the first Euro-American to settle in Altamont. In 1882, the area was renamed Altamonte Springs. The Altamonte Land, Hotel and Navigation Company was one of the major developers of the area. On November 11, 1920, residents voted in favor of incorporation. Contributor <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/44" target="_blank">Seminole County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Altamonte Springs, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="http://www.altamonte.org/" target="_blank">Altamonte Springs, Florida</a>." Altamonte Springs, Florida. http://www.altamonte.org/. Robison, Jim. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/49963391" target="_blank">Altamonte Springs</a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 1999. Shofner, Jerrell H. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/32274737" target="_blank">A History of Altamonte Springs, Florida</a>. Altamonte Springs, Fla: City of Altamonte Springs in association with Tabby House Charlotte Harbor, Florida, 1995. Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer Motta, Daniel Interviewee Hattaway, Bob Location <a href="http://www.adulttoystorage.com/" target="_blank">Adult Toy Storage</a>, Altamonte Springs, Florida. Bit Rate/Frequency 14111kbps Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Oral History of Bob Hattaway Alternative Title Oral History, Hattaway Subject Altamonte Springs (Fla.) Ferns--Florida Casselberry (Fla.) Sanford (Fla.) Zellwood (Fla.) Oviedo (Fla.) Airports--Florida Description An oral history of Bob Hattaway, conducted by Daniel Motta on June 14, 2012. Hattaway was born and raised in Altamonte Springs, Florida. In the interview, Hattaway discusses growing up in Altamonte Springs, working in the fern industry, his real estate and agricultural endeavors, his family's influence in Altamonte Springs and Casselberry, the greenhouse business, local politics, and the air travel industry. Table Of Contents 0:00:00 Introduction 0:00:46 Altamonte Springs during Hattaway’s childhood 0:04:26 Hattaway’s father 0:05:36 Childhood memories working in the fields 0:08:27 Education 0:09:58 Life after high school 0:13:16 Rivalry between Seminole County and Volusia County 0:15:24 Decline of the fern industry 0:19:20 Fern industry in Zellwood and shift to the tropical plant business 0:23:24 Interest in agriculture 0:24:11 Influence of the Hattaway family on Altamonte Springs and Casselberry 0:25:51 The Casselberry family 0:29:14 Greenhouse business 0:34:25 Local politics and involvement in the air travel industry 0:42:30 Evolution of the fern industry 0:45:28 How Altamonte Springs has changed over time Abstract Oral history interview of Bob Hattaway. Interview conducted by Daniel Motta at the <a href="http://www.adulttoystorage.com/" target="_blank">Adult Toy Storage</a> in Altamonte Springs, Florida. Type Sound Source Original 49-minute and 20-second oral history:Hattaway, Bob. Interviewed by Daniel Motta. June 14, 2012. Audio record available. <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a>, Sanford, Florida. Requires Multimedia software, such as <a href="http://www.apple.com/quicktime/download/" target="_blank">QuickTime</a>. <a href="https://get.adobe.com/reader/" target="_blank">Adobe Acrobat Reader</a> Is Part Of <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a>, Sanford, Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/118" target="_blank">Altamonte Springs Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Coverage Altamonte Springs, Florida Lyman High School, Longwood, Florida Winter Park High School, Winter Park, Florida Winter Garden, Florida Oviedo, Florida Zellwood, Florida Casselberry, Florida Orlando International Airport, Orlando, Florida Orlando-Sanford International Airport, Sanford, Florida Opp, Alabama Adult Toy Storage, Altamonte Springs, Florida Creator Motta, Daniel Hattaway, Bob Contributor Vickers, Savannah Date Created 2012-06-14 Date Modified 2014-12-10 Date Copyrighted 2012-06-14 Format audio/mp3 application/pdf Extent 498 MB 175 KB Medium 49-minute and 20-second audio recording 22-page typed transcript Language eng Mediator History Teacher Civics/Government Teacher Economics Teacher Provenance Originally created by Daniel Motta and Bob Hattaway, and transcribed by Savannah Vickers. Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by the <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> External Reference "<a href="http://www.myfloridahouse.gov/Sections/Representatives/details.aspx?MemberId=2876&SessionId=50/" target="_blank">Representative Bob Hattaway</a>." Florida House of Representatives. http://www.myfloridahouse.gov/Sections/Representatives/details.aspx?MemberId=2876&SessionId=50. "<a href="http://www.altamonte.org/" target="_blank">Altamonte Springs, Florida</a>." Altamonte Springs, Florida. http://www.altamonte.org/. Robison, Jim. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/49963391" target="_blank">Altamonte Springs</a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 1999. Shofner, Jerrell H. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/32274737" target="_blank">A History of Altamonte Springs, Florida</a>. Altamonte Springs, Fla: City of Altamonte Springs in association with Tabby House Charlotte Harbor, Florida, 1995. Transcript Motta This is Daniel Motta.I am interviewing Mr. Bob Hattaway at his business, Adult Toy Storage, in Altamonte Springs.To start, Mr. Hattaway, could you tell me where you were born? Hattaway I was born in the city of Altamonte Springs in 1936, which today, the location is on Lake Orienta, which at one time was called Orienta Ferneries, later in years.And the Hattaway family lived on that property for a number of years, probably 30 years, or something. Motta So you were born on the property? Hattaway I was born on the property, yeah.At that time, when I was born, 1936, a lot of people did not go to hospitals.They couldn’t afford it.So I was born at home. Motta And could you tell me a little about the neighborhood, the house, property? Hattaway The property, basically—it was 150 acres of property.Thirty acres of the property was into a fernery slat shed growing tropical foliage and plants, mostly asparagus plumosus fern, and then another fern called leatherleaf fern, which came on in a later date, which became very popular in the flower industry.But we were growing plants and flowers and a lot of different products back at that time, to sell.So it was a very rural area.Altamonte Springs had one road leading in and one road leading out, and it was Highway 436 [Florida State Road 436].If you wanted to go shopping, you would get on 436 and travel [US Route] 17-92 to Downtown Orlando, because there were no stores in Altamonte Springs, or Casselberry.You had to go to Orlando to shop. Motta And I imagine 436 looked a lot different then. Hattaway Yeah, 436 was probably a two-lane road, and going through the middle of Altamonte Springs was a four-lane road divided in the middle by two very large rows of oak trees, from about where the Altamonte Mall is today, all the way to the railroad track in Altamonte Springs.That’s going from west to the east. Motta Were any of these paved roads? Hattaway It was paved, yeah.Sometimes.But Maitland Avenue also was there, which was a two-lane road itself.But very rural.I mean, there was really nothing out here. Motta And you said, on the property, only part of it was ferns? Hattaway Yeah.Of the hundred acres, a lot of it, 30-something acres of it was slat shed fern itself, and the other was open fields, and we were growing plumosus or podocarpus, and were using that.We’d grow the podocarpus and cut that as cuttings and ship that to the northern market, to flower shops as well.So, and everything at that time, back when the fern business back in the [19]50s, and [19]60s, most of the freight was moved by rail, and not by truck.So there was a big depot in Altamonte Springs, and the depot itself, the major portion of it, was people like us—Hattaways, Casselberrys, Vaughns, etc.—shipping boxes and boxes and boxes of cut fern to the northern market, to flower shops. Motta And that would all take place here, or would it go to Sanford first, and go from there? Hattaway No. Motta Just directly? Hattaway There was a direct stop in Altamonte Springs and a direct stop in Casselberry, and also a direct stop in Longwood and Maitland.So they were little whistle stops, but most of the time they were stopping to pick up a product, like the fern product, and then some passengers.But there were no 7-Elevens, and there was absolutely nothing out here at that particular point in time.Not any tourists as well. Motta About how many families lived in this area, you think? Hattaway Well, you know, on the Orienta Fernery side, which was known as the Royal Ferneries at one time, there were probably—it was a housing development there, row houses for the migrant workers, or the workers, to live on the premise and work there, and [inaudible] 40-something houses with a church, [inaudible] on Hattaway Drive today, this long, long, long, then gone?.But they provided housing for people, and they were not great to live in and to be able to work. Motta And did your father build the houses and the church? Hattaway No, those were built back in the—golly.My father went in, they bought from Hibbard Casselberry, 1951.They bought what at that time they called the Royal Ferneries, and they bought that from Hibbard, and Hibbard bought it, I think, in 1946—‘45.And then my father worked for Mr. Casselberry, and my grandfather worked for Mr. Casselberry, and my two uncles, also, worked for Mr. Casselberry. All of them in stooped labor, cutting ferns by hand and taking it to the packinghouses, and then being able to ship the product to the northern market.And there were no Kmarts, and there were no big Walmarts, and those kind of things.Flower shops were flourishing.That was the mainstay of the fern business at that time, corsages and bouquets and things of that nature. Motta So what year did you say your father procured the property? Hattaway He bought the property from Hibbard in 1951. Motta Okay. So, when you were born, he was working in the industry?He just didn’t… Hattaway He was working with Mr. Casselberry.Yeah. Motta Okay. And what were your experiences like as a child? Did you also have any contact with—did you work in fields at all? Hattaway Yes, yes.Oh, yeah[laughs]. Those were wonderful moments.[laughs] Motta Could you tell me a little about them? Hattaway Out there with stooped labor, working in the—I would work in the summer months when I was out of school, high school and grammar school.I would pull weeds in the fernery.And they would hire a lot of young people like myself at that time—ten, twelve years old.And our job was—the fernery was full of weeds of various kinds, and so we’d line up ten, fifteen, or twenty of us in rows.We’d go down through and pull the weeds out of each row.That was a terrible job.I knew when that was happening I didn’t want to stay in the nursery business, or fern business.I darn sure didn’t want to be a stooped laborer in the field.But that’s where my family came from.I mean, they worked for every Casselberry.And Hibbard brought my grandfather and my father both out of the fernery, out of the field, and put my grandfather in charge of the fernery over[?]—which was the Royal Fernery at that time, Casselberry Ferneries as well—and put my grandfather in charge of that side of the fernery, and then my father went over to the main plant over in the middle of Casselberry, and he became the main foreman over there, in an office, working for Mr. Casselberry.And so Mr. Casselberry brought him out of the field, very little education, and put him in charge of a number of people.At that time, you know, back in the ‘40s and ‘50s, the fern business, it was a big business, and they were employing probably two, three hundred people.So it was a lot of people depending on the Casselberrys and the Foleys[?] in the fern business at that time as well. Motta So when you were in the fields doing that work that you loved so much, were you paid for that, or was that just something expected of you? Hattaway Oh, yeah.Yeah, we got paid for it. Motta Do you remember… Hattaway Twenty-five cent an hour.And I was, you know—I’ve always loved to work.That’s been my mainstay, and I’ve got great work habits.And I think most people back then did.I’m not sure what they have today.I know it’s not as good as it was back then.But Mr. Casselberry provided a lot of employment for young people when school was out, that they could work during the summer.And pulling those weeds was part of what you did.And I would get out, and we’d help with the repair of the slat sheds, repairing the irrigation systems, just to keep the fernery back in good repair, so we could grow the fern itself.But it’s hard work. Motta I’d imagine. Hattaway But, you know, I did that every summer.When I got out of school, the following week I’d be working in the field. Motta Could you tell me a little about where you went to school?Did you—high school, or did you go to college after? Hattaway Sure.I went to Lyman High School, grades one through twelve.I went to Winter Park High School the 10th grade to the 11th grade, and then came back to Lyman for the 12th grade itself.So I was actually grade one through ten at Lyman High School, the old school. Motta It wasn’t called Lyman High School then? Hattaway It was called Lyman High School, yeah. Motta But it was one through twelve? Hattaway One through twelve, yeah.There were, when I graduated, in 1954—’55 there were twelve boys and one girl in my class.Thirteen class.And the class behind us, I think, had 25.So it was a very small school back then, and grade one was, you know—all the way through.And I think they stopped that just before—no, it was still going on in 1955.It was still grade one through twelve, I think, at that time.But Lyman today is probably graduating one thousand kids at one whack.And you got Oviedo, and etc., etc.Great changes, but, you know, we had small classes.Probably the max in a class was 20, 25.Teachers were very personal.Teachers knew us all, and it turned out, had a good education.When I graduated from Lyman, I think there was only two people in our class went to college, and the rest of us went into the work field.And I immediately, when I graduated, I started buying real estate, starting my own fernery. Motta Graduated from high school? Hattaway Yeah, high school.I didn’t go to college. Didn’t go to college.And I was working—I got a job in Winter Garden with Continental Can Company, and they were making small cans to put orange juice into, frozen orange juice, and that was a—you’d put three cups of water with it… Motta The concentrate? Hattaway Concentrate, and do all those.I worked there at night, the night shift from 3:30 ‘til 12:00 or something of that nature.And then during the day, I bought a piece of property in Oviedo on Chapman Avenue[sic], and built my first nursery under oak trees.And I started my own business back in 1956—I guess ’57, ’58, something like that. Motta Where did you say the canning company was? Hattaway Continental Can Company. Motta Where was that? Hattaway In Winter Garden. Motta Oh, okay.So those… Hattaway It was a big canning company. Motta Pretty far from each other, the two? Hattaway I’m sorry? Motta The two jobs you had were pretty far from each other. Hattaway Yeah.Yeah.One was working in the can company, the other was working in the field, in a nursery.And started my own place.I bought an oak tree hammock.And we’d found by that time, in the nursery business, in the fern business, that slat sheds were very expensive, and you couldn’t keep them up because of cost, wood rot, and it became—they were falling down.So, we started… Motta How often do you have to replace those? Hattaway Oh, you were constantly working on the building, on the fields themselves, and you’re talking about 30 acres of slat shed.Just slats are, you know, four inches wide.And sometimes they would kind of fall down.If you’re tall like I am, you’d run into a slat and hit your head and etc.So we went from the slat sheds into buying oak tree hammocks, and putting fern under the oak tree hammocks.And we also started planting in the ferneries—the old ferneries, oak trees inside of the fernery itself—to grow up through the slat sheds for shade.You were looking for a certain amount of shade.And so we started that, and that’s where the slat sheds kind of disappeared, and everybody, especially Mr. Casselberry, his whole side was nothing but oak trees. Motta Oh, really? Hattaway The side we had, and my father and grandfather had, over on Orienta Fernery side, they planted orange trees, which was a really, really smart move, because they always had orange trees—they also had the product of fern under that.The problem was, when they planted the orange trees, they budded the orange tree to Valencia, navels, or whatever it’s going to be.When they sprayed the orange tree spray on the fern, to kill worms, etc., it killed the buds on all the orange trees.Ended up with 25 acres of sour orange trees, and there’s not a lot of market for sour orange trees.So it was just a good concept, but it didn’t work. Motta So, by that time, there was pretty much the natural solution of replacing the slats with the trees?Like, is that what all the fern owners pretty much moved to? Hattaway Yeah.Yeah.Everybody was doing that.Everybody was doing that. Motta Okay. Hattaway Fern business was big not only here in Central Florida, in the Orlando area, Altamonte Springs, Casselberry, Fern Park, but it was big up in Crescent City and Pierson, which it still is today. Motta Yeah. Hattaway It’s the mainstay up there as well. Motta Was there any kind of rivalry between, like, here and Volusia County? Hattaway Oh, yeah.Oh my god.Yeah.Yeah.They would—and I’ve heard my father talk about the stories that the price of the ferns had become very cheap—and so the industry got together and met someplace up in DeLand or something, some little community, with the main growers all meeting at one concept. Woman Excuse me, do you need anything before I go to lunch? Hattaway No, I’m good. Unidentified Okay. Hattaway I’m good.They all went back to discuss the pricing, and I guess they were trying to do what you’d call the price fixing.But the typical agriculture business, they all got together, they all decided, shook hands, and this is what we’re gonna charge to the fern.All of them couldn’t wait to run back to the phone and call their customers in Chicago[, Illinois] or New York or where it is, and say, “Hattaway’s going up on the price of his fern by three cent.I’m gonna stay the same price” or “I’m gonna drop the price.”It never worked.And so they cut their throat time and time again.But there was great rivalry, especially, that I’m familiar with, between the Barnetts, the Casselberrys, the Vaughns.And there was a rivalry there because Mr. Casselberry started the tax-free town of Casselberry, and the Barnetts were a big, very wealthy family, had a lot of ferneries in the Fern Park, Casselberry area, and they didn’t like Mr. Casselberry, because he was so aggressive, and he was a new guy in town.And they got into a hell of a rivalry.So it was always a shootout. Motta And the Vaughns, you said? Hattaway Vaughns. Motta They were also in Seminole County already. Hattaway That’s right.Yeah.They were up in Casselberry—which you would never say “Casselberry,” you would say “Fern Park”—which today is the location of the Home Depot. Motta Near Lake Concord? Hattaway On 17-92 and Concord.That area.So yeah, there was a real rivalry going on between the small families with the Casselberrys.And those three, those were the three players.So. Motta And this was like the ‘50s, early ‘60s? Hattaway Yeah, ‘40s and ‘50s. Motta So when did the fern industry kind of start slowing down, in the area? Hattaway Oh, god.My father—I read this this morning—and it had so many ups and downs that I wasn’t even aware of—when I read his notes.And the, you know, just the price of fuel became so high, and labor became so expensive, that we really saw it when my father bought the place in 1951 from Hibbard, like 130 acres, Orienta Ferneries.He, within five years, was subdividing the fernery.And he became involved in real estate, which was a really smart move. Motta And these, the plots, were they designed for the houses and also, like, partially for ferns?Like, if somebody wanted to grow, like, a little on the side… Hattaway No. That was way before that ever happened. Motta Oh, okay. Hattaway That was a lot of little nurseries that were back in the ‘20s and ‘30s. Motta So this was purely real estate? Hattaway Yeah. purely real estate.Yeah.He started taking the fernery, which had a hundred and some odd acres, and started selling the land off itself to people that wanted to move.By this time, Altamonte Springs and Casselberry and the community started growing, and so people were starting to migrate, if you want to say that, from Orlando out into the country.And we were selling real estate lots on Lake Orienta—that was a fernery—and we took some of the slat sheds down and were selling real estate lots 100 feet wide, anywhere from 250 to 300 feet deep, for $2,000, for a lot, on paved road. Motta Around what year was this? Hattaway In the ‘50s—’58, somewhere along there, ’57, ’58.That area where Hattaway Drive is today, that drive that was all Orienta Ferneries, all the property that my father bought from Mr. Casselberry.But he went in like Hibbard.Hibbard went into the real estate business big time.He had a lot of land.And he saw the handwriting on the wall itself.The fern business was just not thriving.There was—and, a lot of artificial stuff coming down the line.People were using podocarpus.People were using [?], using a lot of fillers instead of using the fern.It was cheaper to buy a filler and put inside, in that corsage, for the price. Motta Oh.I was about to ask what were some of the reasons it kind of went down.That was pretty much just the artificial—were other parts of the country… Hattaway It wasn’t artificial, then.It was just shrubs and things they were cutting that they could stick into a bouquet of flowers.Bouquet of flowers won’t last, you know, a week, four or five days.So they could take sphagnum moss, or they could take a ligustrum, or something that’s leafy and green, and put it in a corsage at a cheaper rate than they could a sprig of fern, or a sprig of leatherleaf fern. Motta But if people did want those kind of ferns, were they still dependent on this area, or were there other parts of the country, do you know of? Hattaway Not from what I remember.It was mainly this area, plus the Pierson-Crescent City area, that was the mainstays.Later on, it became, everybody started to go off—not everybody.Several of the nurserymen started going off to Costa Rica and islands, and growing fern down there.In fact, one of the largest growers, probably still today, moved from Zellwood.Name was John Marcell.He moved to Costa Rica, and the last I heard, and I haven’t seen John in a long time, he had over 1,000 acres of saran shade cloth, growing leatherleaf fern, and ferns shipping all over the world.Actually, I’ve been told he controls the fern market in Costa Rica.This[?] big.[laughs] Motta Was Zellwood into the fern industry, or were they in other agriculture? Hattaway And actually Zellwood was—it was a small little town, still today.Marcell was the main grower at that time of leatherleaf fern.Went over to Lockhart, there was another grower over there, name of Joe Wofford, and he had a small fernery, probably ten or fifteen acres.He was growing leatherleaf fern.And Apopka itself had started transitioning over from the fern business—the Ustlers, Mahaffeys—golly, some other families there.But they were more into the tropical foliage business, and growing—building—greenhouses, taking slat sheds and growing tropical plants, which were now becoming very popular.So they shifted from the fern business over to the tropical plant business.And I shifted, also.I saw the handwriting on the wall.The one I built over in Oviedo, myself, it was only small as ten acres.But I sold that to another fernery guy out of Crescent City, took the money of that and started buying property in Altamonte Springs, off Hattaway Drive, and built my first greenhouses.And I went in the greenhouse business.So I shifted from the fern business over to the tropical foliage business. Motta More broad[sic]. Hattaway Yeah. broader opportunity of selling to a greater amount of people.And my first greenhouse I built was out of used lumber, and I took a saw mill myself, and cut the two-by-fours and four-by-fours out of used lumber, and built my first building, which was 30 feet wide and a hundred feet long, which I have pictures of it there.And, gosh, over the years, became a pretty good size.[laughs] Motta And where did you say this first one was? Hattaway It was over just off of Hattaway Drive there in Altamonte Springs.Small place. Motta Okay.So how long were you—your property in Chapman, you said it was on Chapman Road? Hattaway Yeah.I was over there—I was in Chapman, probably, I had that nursery probably ten years.A good while, long enough that I’d made enough money working at night.At the Continental Can Company, they were paying me union wages, and I never joined the union.But I was making big bucks, and I was able to buy the land and do the things I’d need to do to get a business going.And it was pretty successful, but when I had the opportunity of selling that property to another person, then take that money and come back over into Altamonte, and go into a different business—although I was still in the agriculture business, it was a good shift.I ended up—well, the fernery there had 20 acres there on Hattaway Drive, and greenhouses—had probably ten acres of greenhouses there.And grew there for a number of years.To build the buildings, [?], build the buildings, I was—to get the lumber for that place—I was going, also to get the used lumber, I was going up and down the railroad tracks.They were taking down power poles and telephone poles, and I would cut the telephone poles and take the arms.At that time, they had arms going out with wires on them, and those were like three-by-fours, and they were like eight feet long, and I would use those for posts, as I gathered used stuff to build my whole nursery. Motta Were they just, like, the ones that they left there? Hattaway Yeah. Motta Was it okay that you took those?[laughs] Hattaway Yeah. definitely.They knew I was doing it.They were taking them down. Motta And, so, you pretty much built all those house, the original houses, yourself?It sounds like you’re a jack of all trades. HattawayI am. [laughs] Motta Did you enjoy the growing aspect?Like, did you have a green thumb, or was it like… Hattaway Oh, yeah. Motta Did you enjoy the business? Hattaway I enjoyed the business, and I definitely did not have a green thumb.But I enjoyed the business, and I didn’t know anything else.What else could a guy do?There wasno—there was nothing out here.You either worked for the Hattaways, you worked for the Vaughns, you worked for the Casselberrys, or you worked for the Bradshaws in the grove business.This was agriculture community.There was nothing to do.Or, work at the dog track, something like that.So it was, you know—happy as a pig in slop.[laughs] What else can you do?This is what it is. Motta This might be going back a little bit, but did your family have any influence on early Altamonte Springs, like developing and like with the government? Hattaway No, my father did.He was elected a constable.He worked for Hibbard.And when Hibbard incorporated the City of Casselberry—I’ve heard my mother and father talk about that the night that they did the incorporation, they had a town hall meeting before it was ever incorporated in Mr. Casselberry’s office.There was a—had to have a certain amount of people in the meeting to have a quorum and to be able to appeal to the legislature for incorporation. Motta And this—as a town? Hattaway As a town.As a town.And they didn’t have four[?] people… Motta This was around 1940? Hattaway In the room, so my father left the meeting, went home—we lived on Concord Drive—and brought my mother to the meeting, and she voted, and that’s how, that was part of the process of incorporating the City of Casselberry.My father was elected in 1941 as the first constable of the City of Casselberry.And it was a, I guess, kind of a window-dressing job, but he was constable for eleven years in the City of Casselberry. Motta And that’s kind of like the police chief of the town? Hattaway That’s right.Yeah.He was the police chief.[laughs] I don’t think he even had a badge.[laughs] But that’s old time there. Yeah.But you know, again, you know, this was small town, U.S.A.Hibbard would have—and I can remember this so well—he would, at Christmas time, he would have a big Christmas party on the front lawn of the offices, and for all the employees that worked for Mr. Casselberry, his entire operation.And he would get every kid a gift at Christmas time.And this was black, white, whatever it was be.He would always throw this big Christmas party.Big deal.You’d either get a knife or get a yo-yo or something like that.[laughs] But, and he was quite a—he was a good man.A lot of people, you know, just—vision, had great vision.And smart, wasn’t hard to talk to.He was a young man at that time.He was just good to us.He was very good for the community.Barnetts won’t tell you that.And the Vaughns won’t tell you that.But the Hattaways damn sure will tell you that real quick. Motta Did you know Mr. Casselberry personally, as a young man? Hattaway Mm-hm.Yeah.I knew him.He, and especially Leonard [Casselberry]. I don’t know if you’ve interviewed Leonard, Jane [Casselberry]? Motta Yeah. about a week or two ago. Hattaway Leonard used to come to my mother and father’s house, and Leonard would love to read comic books.[laughs] He—he wasn’t too energetic.[laughs] But he would come in and read the comic books, and Jane—they lived over off of the old race track road [Dog Track Road], at the horse track.He probably told you that’s what they built there, as well. Motta Yeah.Was knowing the founder and, I guess, owner at that time of Casselberry, was that like a—in this year, that seems kind of, like, strange, or maybe not strange, but—was it, did it seem like a big deal, or was he just like any normal citizen? Hattaway No. It was—to the normal person, it was probably a big deal.But because my father worked for him, and with him, I would go into my father’s office, and Mr. Casselberry’s office was right there.And he had a big picture window that he could look out into my father’s office, and then be able to look out into the grading there.They graded fern—longs, shorts, mediums, whatever you were looking for in the size of fern to ship.And, you know, he was just there all the time.He had a—I can remember so well—he had a big, big tarpon fish mounted in his office in back there.He would go to—my father, in fact, I’ve seen some pictures of him—he would go to the flower shows in Chicago or New York, where they might be, and Martha [Casselberry], his wife at that time—he married three times—Martha would wear, he would wear white riding pants—horses, cows? Motta Mm-hm. Hattaway And boots, real knee boots up there.With a big coat on.All in white.And a fern spray on this thing.Promoter. Motta Yeah. representing his… Hattaway Yeah.He was a promoter, as well.Promoted, and he had a knack about doing that, much better than the Vaughns and the Barnetts, as well.But, yeah, he was a good man.I can’t tell you that enough times. Motta So you started getting into the nursery, would it be considered nursery business or the greenhouse… Hattaway Greenhouses.Yeah. Motta How long were you involved with that before you looked more towards retail? Hattaway I started in the fern business when I got out of high school, 1954-55.I was in the fern business by 1960, with the fernery over in Chapman Avenue in Oviedo.And then started the first greenhouses and then grew that business.And I went out of the business in 1988, of the foliage business.So I graduated, basically, from the fern business over to the foliage, from the foliage into the foliage business itself.Ended up with this place, which is 500,000 square feet of what was greenhouses.But I built steel structure buildings, I told you.And today it’s now the steel structure buildings that are storing boats, cars, and recreational vehicles.1974-75, I bought a farm in Puerto Rico, and I started out with thirty, three thousand, building 3,000 square feet—300—yeah, 3,000, 30-feet wide and 100-feet long.And I bought a farm in Puerto Rico that was 80 hectares of greenhouses.And I was shipping fern or foliage plants from Puerto Rico, by sea freight, to Europe.So I moved from 33,000 square feet, to a farm here, and a farm in Puerto Rico.And I farmed in Puerto Rico, foliage plants, for twenty years, twenty-two years. Motta Did you sell that land, or still… Hattaway Yeah, I did.I sold it.I sold it.I wanted to go out of the nursery business.My brother, and then, by then graduated from University of Florida, had a degree in horticulture, and he wanted the nursery in Puerto Rico, so I sold the nursery to him in Puerto Rico.And he farmed in Puerto Rico for, I don’t know, another eight,-nine years.And we had three major hurricanes hitting back to back.First time we had insurance.We rebuilt.Second time, had insurance.Insurance company went belly up, and we rebuilt.And the third time, we said, “That’s it.”And we sold it.And then I was here all the time, and I just started converting all the buildings over to what you see today. Motta So about what time did you decide you wanted to get out of that business? Hattaway 1988. Motta Okay. Hattaway Yeah.I already had another vision, what you see today. Motta Works out for you. Hattaway Yeah, it worked out.Yes.Yeah.It really—what was my whole plan at that time, was—I had roughly 30 acres here—was to add on a trailer park in front of me, which today is a public shopping center.And I was trying to buy their property, and I wanted to build a big industrial park, 40-45-acre industrial park.And I couldn’t buy that trailer park, and made them some ridiculous offers.I’m glad they didn’t take it, ‘cause the market went to hell in a handbag.I ended up, you know, basically looking at what they were doing, and I said, “If they will pay $35.00 a month to park a boat outside in an open field, with grass and grasshoppers, what will they pay to put it inside the building?”And from there, you know, it grew from there.So, in 1988, I was in the foliage business.In 2012, I’m now in the storage business.And the place is doing fairly well. Motta That sounds like a pretty brilliant idea, just converting the fields to this.Do you know if any other growers have took that... Hattaway No, no.They can’t.They all built buildings that were not convertible.They couldn’t do what I did.In fact, I saw Earl Vaughn two weeks ago. Had a funeral up in Apopka, and went over and we were talking—and I know Earl.Great guy.I like Earl.I don’t know if you’ve met him or not. Motta No. Hattaway You need to meet him.You need to meet Earl Vaughn. Motta I would love to. Hattaway Vaughn Greenhouses.They’re in the book.He’s no longer in the foliage business, but he has a farm, a foliage place up on [Florida State Road] Highway 46 up in Sanford.And saw him, and I said something, and he said, “Hattaway, what you did is brilliant.”He said, “I’ve been trying to do the same thing, except I can’t get my zoning.I’m in the Wekiva [River] Protection Area.”And so, he can do nothing other than what he’s doing.So, you know, fortunately, when I started building the buildings, I then started working politically to change the zoning on this place.And so I did it back early.If I tried to do it today, I’d probably never get it done. Motta Are you still involved in local politics? Hattaway I just write checks.[laughs] Motta [laughs] Well… Hattaway No, I’m still involved.I have a lot of friends in the political scene.I help them.You know, I served eight years in the [Florida] Legislature.Loved it, and had fun with it.Eight years at Orlando International Airport.That’s a full-time, non-paid political job, and did that for eight years. Motta And what was your—for the airport, what was your… Hattaway I was the—actually, I was chairman for four years, and vice chairman for two years, and on the board for eight.And the governor appointed me.Lawton Chiles appointed me.And so, I served there, and when I went on the board, there was $10 million worth of construction going at the Orlando International Airport.When I left, eight years later—yeah, eight years later it was—it was $500 million worth of construction going.And they had another $500 million committed to build the south terminal, and the new board decided that they didn’t want to do that, and so the new board today is trying to figure out how they can get the money to build the south terminal for international rivals.And, you know, that was a group of Democrats—John Rich, Bill Miller, Howard McNelty, myself—four really strong Democrats.We got in and got aggressive, said, “This place is gonna grow.”And we went from 22 million passengers—eight years later, it was like 31 million passengers.That’s growth.And all we did, we went out and started marketing the Orlando International Airport, as a board, as a group of people, with the mayor of Orlando, Linda Hood, and the county chairman, Linda Chapin.And we were a hell of a team, and we moved around this country, all around this world, basically.And brought airlines in, British Airlines[sic], Southwest [Airlines], Virgin [Atlantic].Those were all new carriers that came in that eight-year period of time. Motta Were you involved in the [Orlando-] Sanford [International] Airport or the… Hattaway That was my first venture.Back when we did that one, Kay Shoemaker was the chairman, and John—what was the name—Steve, he was the executive director.I can’t think of his last name now.But he came to me, I was a new board member, and he said, “You know, we need to go after international passengers for the Sanford airport.”So we went to Kay Shoemaker and talked Kay into letting us fly, I think it was, Toronto, Canada.And the concept that Steve had—and I was just the baggage, went along with him—that we need to go to Holiday Travel, and talk to them about direct flights from Toronto to Sanford, and not from Toronto to Orlando.And we met with the Holiday Travel, they thought it was a good idea, and he was very much in favor of it, but the issue was that the travel time coming from the Sanford Airport to [Walt] Disney [World], you didn’t have the 414, I think it is, or 4… Motta Oh,[State Road] 408, [State Road] 417? Hattaway 417, yeah, coming across the lake.You didn’t have that segment built, and, so, that was a stopping point.When that segment was built, Holiday Travel and a lot of those guys started flying into Sanford, and bypassing Orlando.Well, in the meantime, I moved from the Sanford Airport board, over to the Orlando Airport.[laughs] So, it was quite a conflict there for a while.[laughs] And Larry Dale—and I don’t know if you know Larry—but Larry Dale and I had some real knockdowns and drag-outs about the airports.He’s the executive director of the Sanford Airport. Motta Oh, yeah? Hattaway Yeah.Yeah. Motta I’m curious how you, how did you even get involved with the airport, like the industry? Hattaway The governor. Motta Okay. Hattaway The governor.Yeah, I—when Lawton was elected—Lawton Chiles—I’d been in the Legislature.I knew him very well, and I worked with him for his election.And he was elected.He appointed me to the lottery commission.I didn’t believe in the lottery.I didn’t like the lottery.When it was approved, I was in the Legislature.I voted against it.And was opposed against it then, and Lawton told me, said, “I want you to be on that board.You’re the first Democrat to be appointed, and I want to get rid of the executive director.”I forget her name.She was really good, too.But he wanted to get rid of her and he wanted to change the entire board.He wanted to make changes.And so, I did that for a couple of years.And I was tired of it, and finally we just got enough Democrats on the board that I went to the governor, said, “I’m out of here.I don’t want to do this anymore.”In the meantime, when that happened, the [Greater Orlando] Aviation Authority thing came up available in Orlando, and I was supporting a Republican, Sue [inaudible] was her name, and Sue wanted to be appointed to the board.And I went to the governor to appoint her from Seminole County, and the governor says, “No, I’m not going to appoint a Republican.But I will appoint you if you want to take the job.”So I said, “Well, okay. I’ll do it.” Motta Did you have an interest in air travel? Hattaway Yeah, I did, because of Sanford.And I knew that it was a very, very important job.The Orlando International Airport is the economic engine that really runs this community today.And the things they’ve accomplished, and the size of the airport.This is number one around the state of Florida, certainly, that I enjoyed that.But I did, I was able to go into that segment having eight years in Tallahassee being a legislator, that I knew a little bit about politics, and I knew that a lot of my newfound friends that I found in Tallahassee, of eight years, when I was no longer elected, they didn’t know my first name or my last name.And when I was appointed to the Aviation Authority in Orlando, I told my wife, Charlotte, I said, “This is altogether different.We’re going to have a lot of brand new friends, and they’re going to love us for eight years.And when we’re gone, they won’t know our name.So we’re gonna do this different.We’re gonna do what the hell we want to do, and we’re gonna do the things that we think are right, and eight years from now, we’ll be good.”And that’s how we prefaced that.So it was fun.It was, like I said, it was a full-time—as a chairman—non-paid, political job.But would I do that again?Probably not.It was the right time.You know, I’ve been very fortunate that I’ve lived at the right time, when things were just starting to peak or things were really going smoothly, and everybody was getting along. Motta It seems like you’ve always been able to do what makes you happy. Hattaway I’ve been lucky.You’ll never sit across the table from a more blessed, lucky guy than me.Life has been good.With high school education, I’ve competed with all of them. Motta Work ethic.Whistling[?] away[?]. Hattaway It’s worked out, worked out fine.[laughs] So, and I laugh about. In fact, I’ve brought my report cards in today for some reason, and I looked at those report cards, looking through stuff, and I said, “Man, I was a straight-F student.”[laughs] So, but, it’s been fun.Life’s been good, been good. Motta I wanted to ask you, for the Sanford Airport, when did that start becoming—when was it under construction? Hattaway It was, you know, it was a naval base [Naval Air Station Sanford], and then they converted over into a commercial airport, and I don’t remember the years.But I was on that board—phew.It wasn’t in the—must have been in the late ‘70s when they started converting it over.Yeah, I can’t remember the dates on that one. Motta So, did—it might have been the fern industry—I mean, it might have been kind of already low at that time, but was there any kind of transition?‘Cause you said the railroads, in the early days, that was like the artery.Was there, like, did the airports start to be more of a central thing with transportation? Hattaway With ferns, no.No.With the fern business, it became trucks. Motta Okay. Hattaway Everybody moved from the—we did some air freight, not a lot.Most of it was done by—the whole industry changed from trains and rail over to the trucking industry.So there was a—trucking lines were moving strictly either foliage plants or ferns by truck itself to the destination.The fern business itself—the labor, cost of labor, the cost of materials, the cost of land—all those things just became cost-prohibited to be able to do anything with it.You asked a question earlier about, you know, do I miss it?I loved the plant business.I really enjoyed it, and still today would like to be in the business, except I know I can’t make any money at it.And I’m not gonna fool around with something I can’t make money at as well.But, you know, the guys in Apopka and the guys that been in the fern business, and growing something, you know, a plant or product, I think they all will tell you, you know, it’s just a great place to—it’s a fun thing to do.And it’s really rewarding to put a little plant on a stem into a piece of sphagnum moss, and grow it to a finished product, and ship it.If I had a nickel for every plant that I’ve grown, I’d be a very wealthy man.Rick [Hattaway] enjoyed it.My brother enjoyed it very much.And I kept telling him, “You don’t want to go into the greenhouse business.You want to stay out of it.”My mother told me that as well.But, you know, he followed the family trade and did that as well.But, it’s a good life.It’s a good opportunity. Motta That whole watching something grow, that seems almost kind of like a good metaphor for your, all your business [inaudible]. Hattaway [laughs ] Yeah.Yeah.I read an article today, an old one, gosh, about when I developed that orange grove over there, and it was—Phil [inaudible] was the city manager.It was quoting him about what I was doing over there, and how I environmentally was taking care of Lake Lotus, and all the things I did back then.But, you know, to see the growth, or where we were back in the ‘40s and ‘50s, and where we are today, people have opportunities.There were no opportunities when I was growing up.Either you worked in a fernery or you worked in an orange grove.There wasn’t high school education.People weren’t going to college. Motta You had to find your own… Hattaway You had to find your own, you had to make your own way at that particular point in time. Motta Since you brought that up, I’m curious what you think about how this area—I probably can’t imagine what it was like when you were a kid.What do you think?How do you think it’s progressed?Are you… Hattaway I’m for growth.I’m growth.Opportunities.I mean, I had a farm, sold it a couple years ago up in Alabama, little town called Opp, Alabama.And it was heavy agriculture, farming area.And today—Opp, Alabama—you can take a shotgun down the main street and not hit a soul.There’s just nothing to do there.And that’s the way it was here.The growth has been really, really, to me, healthy.It’s been giving good opportunities to people having good jobs.Our way of life—there are no poor people in this community today.You see some not as well off as others, but everybody either has a television, or everybody has food on the table.Everybody has an opportunity to make something of themselves, you see, if they want to take that opportunity.And back then, there was no opportunities.You had to make it yourself.And today there’s many doors open for employment, and it’s not all agriculture.At that time, it was.But am I in favor of growth?Absolutely.Has it been good for this community?Absolutely.Has it been good for this state?Absolutely. Motta Is there anything that you see in this community, that you don’t find good about—like, obviously, there’s a lot of good growth brings, but is there anything you lament that has changed, or any nostalgia? Hattaway I think the one problem that we have in our community is that we have not been able to keep up with the road—the growth with our road network—and mainly because of the lack of proper leadership from the Legislature.We’ve never had the political voting power to be able to build a road network they have on the south coast, South Florida—they have on the west coast.And our group has been splintered—Democrat, Republican— and many times have not worked together to have the power base in Tallahassee to get the state dollars to build—FDOT [Florida Department of Transportation]—to build our community.So we’ve not done a good job on our roads.And you have one major road going through this entire community, from Daytona Beach into Tampa, and that’s I-4.Other than that, you have very limited roads.If it wasn’t for the East-West Expressway [SR 408], the [Central Florida] Expressway Authority, we wouldn’t have any roads.So that’s been a blessing to us, but I think that’s our biggest problem.Our growth has been handled with zoning—comprehensive land plan—where the commercial’s going to be built, where the residential’s going to be built—all those things, I think, have been handled very well.We have a great water system, sewer system in Central Florida.We have all the things conducive to solid development, except the roads.And you get on these roads, and you know what it’s like. Motta Yeah. Hattaway Gridlock. Motta But I’m kind of surprised to hear that—weren’t a lot of the old, like ‘70s, ‘80s, ‘90s, Florida Republicans, weren’t they kind of pro-growth and infrastructure?Wouldn’t they… Hattaway Well, when I was in the Legislature back in the ‘70s, the [Florida] House [of Representatives] and the [Florida] Senate was controlled by the Democrats, and the Republicans were along for the ride.And then, when power shifted chains, we didn’t see a lot of growth coming here.I mean, we’ve had—I don’t want you to write this. Motta What’s that? Hattaway [laughs] I don’t want you to write this.This is off the record on this one.Yeah. Click to View (Movie, Podcast, or Website) <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/23288d20d38c0f7e671f6412e62d4b87.mp3" target="_blank">Oral History of Bob Hattaway</a> 7-Eleven Adult Toy Storage agriculture airports Altamonte Mall Altamonte Springs Apopka asparagus plumosus Barnett Bill Miller Bob Hattaway Bradshaw British Airways Casselberry Central Florida Expressway Authority Chapman Avenue Chapman Road Charlotte Hattaway Chicago, Illinois Christmas citrus Concord Avenue Continental Can Company Costa Rica Crescent City Daniel Motta Daytona Beach DeLand Democratic Party Democrats Dog Track Road Downtown Orlando Earl Vaughn East-West Expressway economic growth farming farms FDOT Fern Park ferneries fernery ferns Florida Department of Transportation Florida House of Representatives Florida Senate flower shops flowers Foley Greater Orlando Aviation Authority greenhouses Hattaway Hattaway Drive Hibbard Casselberry Holiday Travel Home Depot horticulture Howard McNelty infrastructure Jane Casselberry John Marcell John Rich Kay Kmart Lake Concord Lake Lotus Lake Orienta Larry Dale Lawton Chiles Lawton Mainor Chiles, Jr. leatherleaf fern Leonard Casselberry LHS Linda Chapin Linda Hook Lockhart Longwood Lyman High School Mahaffey Maitland Maitland Avenue Martha Casselberry moss mosses NAS Sanford Naval Air Station Sanford navel oranges New York nurseries nursery oak tree hammocks oak trees Opp, Alabama orange tees oranges Orienta Ferneries orlando Orlando International Airport Orlando-Sanford International Airport Pierson podocarpus price fixing Puerto Rico real estate Republican Parties Republicans Rick Hattaway Royal Ferneries Sanford saran shade cloth Seminole County Semoran Boulevard Shoemaker slat sheds Southwest Airlines sphagnum SR 408 SR 417 SR 436 SR 46 Tallahassee Tampa Toronto, Canada tropical plants UF University of Florida US 19-92 Ustler Valencia oranges Vaughn Greenhouses Virgin Atlantic Volusia County Walmart Walt Disney World weeding weeds Wekiva River Winter Garden Winter Park High School Wofford, Joe WPHS Zellwood zoning https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/14b77099e2f065d1ab6ff2d80ed56397.pdf 68d14dee9a66bfbe1e81106de801eef4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Friends of Lake Apopka Collection Alternative Title FOLA Collection Subject Lake Apopka (Fla.) Water quality--Florida Pollution--Florida Description The Friends of Lake Apopka (FOLA) is a citizen advocacy group with the mission of restoring Lake Apopka in Orange County and Lake County, Florida. Due to poor farming practices along its shores, Lake Apopka has become one of the largest polluted lakes in Florida. This collection features various archival items related to the restoration of the lake. Contributor <a href="http://www.fola.org/" target="_blank">Friends of Lake Apopka</a> Language eng Type Collection Coverage Lake Apopka, Florida Florida Game and Fresh Water Commission, Tallahassee, Florida Oakland, Florida Orlando, Florida Saint Johns River, Florida Winter Garden, Florida Winter Haven, Florida Zellwood, Florida Contributing Project <a href="http://www.fola.org/" target="_blank">Friends of Lake Apopka</a> Curator Cepero, Laura King, Joshua Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository <a href="http://www.oaktownusa.com/Pages/Preserve/index" target="_blank">Oakland Nature Preserve</a> External Reference "<a href="http://www.fola.org/" target="_blank">Our Mission & Purpose</a>." Friends of Lake Apopka. http://www.fola.org/. Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format 5-page typewritten report Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Lake Apopka, Florida Fish Kill Report by Eugene W. Surber Alternative Title Surber Fish Kill Report Subject Lake Apopka (Fla.) Winter Garden (Fla.) Oakland (Fla.) Zellwood (Fla.) Water quality--Florida Water conservation Pesticides--United States Fishing--Florida DDT (Insecticide) Insecticides--United States Pollution--Florida Description A report by Eugene W. Surber on the May 1963 Lake Apopka Fish Kill. Surber describes his visit to Lake Apopka, Florida, and examines samples of dead and dying fish recovered from the lake. It is estimated that roughly 3 millions pounds of fish were killed in May 1963. Surber interviews several locals regarding aerial spraying of pesticide and its correlation to the Apopka fish kills. He concludes that pesticide the most likely cause of the fish kills, due to the extremely fast and intermittent nature of the kills. Type Text Source Photocopy of original 5-page typewritten report: binder 1963, drawer 1938-1987, Friends of Lake Apopka Archives, Ginn Museum, <a href="http://www.oaktownusa.com/Pages/Preserve/index" target="_blank">Oakland Nature Preserve</a>, Oakland, Florida. Requires <a href="http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer/" target="_blank"> Adobe Flash Player</a> Is Part Of Binder 1963, drawer 1938-1987, Friends of Lake Apopka Archives, Ginn Museum, <a href="http://www.oaktownusa.com/Pages/Preserve/index" target="_blank">Oakland Nature Preserve</a>, Oakland, Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/153" target="_blank">Oakland Nature Preserve Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of photocopied 5-page typewritten report. Coverage Cincinnati, Ohio Lake Apopka, Florida Zellwood, Florida Winter Garden, Florida Oakland, Florida Creator Surber, E. W. Publisher Aquatic Biology Section, Robert A. Taft Sanitary Engineering Center Date Created ca. 1963-06-12 Format application/pdf Extent 785 KB Medium 5-page typewritten report Language eng Mediator History Teacher Science Teacher Geography Teacher Provenance Originally created by Eugene W. Surber. Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by the <a href="http://www.fola.org/" target="_blank">Friends of Lake Apopka</a> and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Contributing Project <a href="http://www.fola.org/" target="_blank">Friends of Lake Apopka</a> Curator King, Joshua Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository <a href="http://www.oaktownusa.com/Pages/Preserve/index" target="_blank">Oakland Nature Preserve</a> External Reference "<a href="http://www.protectingourwater.org/watersheds/map/ocklawaha/" target="_blank">Learn About Your Watershed: Ocklawaha River Watershed</a>." Florida's Water: Ours to Protect, Florida Department of Environmental Protection. Accessed June 12, 2015. http://www.protectingourwater.org/watersheds/map/ocklawaha/. A. D. Aldrich agricultural pollution agriculture algae algal poisoning Aquatic Biology Section Bacillus columnaris bacteria bass black crappie bluegill bullhead catfish Chic Archer Cincinnati, Ohio corn crappie crop Cytophaga columnaris Dactylogyrus DDT detritus dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane Duda Eugene W. Surber farming fish fish kill fishing flatworm Flavobacterium columnare Flexibacter columnaris Florida Game and Freshwater Fish Commission Florida State Board of Health game fish gill gizzard shad Graham Harold L. Moody insecticide Joe E. Burgess lake Lake Apopka Lake Harris MacDonald Flying Field Montverde Fish Camp Oakland oxygen parasite parathion pesticide phytoplankton plankton planktonic algae pollution research Robert A. Taft Sanitary Engineering Center Russell Fielding Scyphidia speckled bullhead spray supersaturation toxaphene Trichodina Turk U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service water water conservation water quality Winter Garden Zellwood Zellwood Drainage and Water Control District https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/ab98c4628231372921b8f8d29d63518c.pdf 71ed4ce77c849029fcc15eb39a7daa66 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Friends of Lake Apopka Collection Alternative Title FOLA Collection Subject Lake Apopka (Fla.) Water quality--Florida Pollution--Florida Description The Friends of Lake Apopka (FOLA) is a citizen advocacy group with the mission of restoring Lake Apopka in Orange County and Lake County, Florida. Due to poor farming practices along its shores, Lake Apopka has become one of the largest polluted lakes in Florida. This collection features various archival items related to the restoration of the lake. Contributor <a href="http://www.fola.org/" target="_blank">Friends of Lake Apopka</a> Language eng Type Collection Coverage Lake Apopka, Florida Florida Game and Fresh Water Commission, Tallahassee, Florida Oakland, Florida Orlando, Florida Saint Johns River, Florida Winter Garden, Florida Winter Haven, Florida Zellwood, Florida Contributing Project <a href="http://www.fola.org/" target="_blank">Friends of Lake Apopka</a> Curator Cepero, Laura King, Joshua Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository <a href="http://www.oaktownusa.com/Pages/Preserve/index" target="_blank">Oakland Nature Preserve</a> External Reference "<a href="http://www.fola.org/" target="_blank">Our Mission & Purpose</a>." Friends of Lake Apopka. http://www.fola.org/. Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format 2-page typewritten letter Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Letter from Robert "Bob" W. Sherman to Henry F. Swanson (June 19, 1963) Alternative Title Letter from Sherman to Swanson (June 19, 1963) Subject Lake Apopka (Fla.) Water quality--Florida Water conservation Pesticides--United States Fishing--Florida Insecticides--United States Pollution--Florida Description A letter of correspondence from Robert "Bob" W. Sherman, the Killarney Fish Camp Operator, to Henry F. Swanson, the Orange County Agriculture Extension Agent. The letter is written in response to a farming brochure, "A to Zellwood", describing the Zellwood Drainage and Water Control District. Sherman disputes some of the claims made in this brochure, and reminds Swanson that experts convened by the State in June 1963 to examine the fish kills in Lake Apopka did not rule out pesticides as the cause of death. Type Text Source Photocopy of original 2-page typewritten letter from Robert "Bob" W. Sherman to Henry F. Swanson, June 19, 1963: binder 1963, drawer 1938-1987, Friends of Lake Apopka Archives, Ginn Museum, <a href="http://www.oaktownusa.com/Pages/Preserve/index" target="_blank">Oakland Nature Preserve</a>, Oakland, Florida. Requires <a href="http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer/" target="_blank"> Adobe Flash Player</a> Is Part Of Binder 1963, drawer 1938-1987, Friends of Lake Apopka Archives, Ginn Museum, <a href="http://www.oaktownusa.com/Pages/Preserve/index" target="_blank">Oakland Nature Preserve</a>, Oakland, Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/153" target="_blank">Oakland Nature Preserve Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. References "A to Z: Zellwood Drainage and Water Control District Brochure." RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of photocopied 2-page typewritten letter from Robert "Bob" W. Sherman to Henry F. Swanson, June 19, 1963. Coverage Killarney, Florida Lake Apopka, Florida Zellwood, Florida Orlando, Florida Creator Sherman, Robert "Bob" W. Date Created 1963-06-19 Format application/pdf Extent 456 KB Medium 2-page typewritten letter Language eng Mediator History Teacher Science Teacher Geography Teacher Provenance Originally created by Robert "Bob" W. Sherman. Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by the <a href="http://www.fola.org/" target="_blank">Friends of Lake Apopka</a> and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Contributing Project <a href="http://www.fola.org/" target="_blank">Friends of Lake Apopka</a> Curator King, Joshua Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository <a href="http://www.oaktownusa.com/Pages/Preserve/index" target="_blank">Oakland Nature Preserve</a> External Reference "<a href="http://www.protectingourwater.org/watersheds/map/ocklawaha/" target="_blank">Learn About Your Watershed: Ocklawaha River Watershed</a>." Florida's Water: Ours to Protect, Florida Department of Environmental Protection. Accessed June 12, 2015. http://www.protectingourwater.org/watersheds/map/ocklawaha/. agricultural pollution agriculture bass Bob W. Sherman catfish DDT dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane farmer farming fish fish camp fish kill fishing gizzard shad Henry F. Swanson insecticide Killarney Killarney Court Killarney Fish Camp Lake Apopka orange county Orange County Extension Office orlando pesticide pollution Robert "Bob" W. Sherman water water conservation water quality West Orange County Zellwood Zellwood Drainage and Water Control District https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/1033a7267e0b13c139e9b61221a2757b.pdf 3f2cfbfad4ddbe1382cd7beca2dc3823 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Friends of Lake Apopka Collection Alternative Title FOLA Collection Subject Lake Apopka (Fla.) Water quality--Florida Pollution--Florida Description The Friends of Lake Apopka (FOLA) is a citizen advocacy group with the mission of restoring Lake Apopka in Orange County and Lake County, Florida. Due to poor farming practices along its shores, Lake Apopka has become one of the largest polluted lakes in Florida. This collection features various archival items related to the restoration of the lake. Contributor <a href="http://www.fola.org/" target="_blank">Friends of Lake Apopka</a> Language eng Type Collection Coverage Lake Apopka, Florida Florida Game and Fresh Water Commission, Tallahassee, Florida Oakland, Florida Orlando, Florida Saint Johns River, Florida Winter Garden, Florida Winter Haven, Florida Zellwood, Florida Contributing Project <a href="http://www.fola.org/" target="_blank">Friends of Lake Apopka</a> Curator Cepero, Laura King, Joshua Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository <a href="http://www.oaktownusa.com/Pages/Preserve/index" target="_blank">Oakland Nature Preserve</a> External Reference "<a href="http://www.fola.org/" target="_blank">Our Mission & Purpose</a>." Friends of Lake Apopka. http://www.fola.org/. Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format 1 newspaper article Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Lake Apopka Woes Not Answered Alternative Title Lake Apopka Woes Subject Lake Apopka (Fla.) Winter Garden (Fla.) Water quality--Florida Pesticides--United States Fishing--Florida Insecticides--United States Pollution--Florida Description A newspaper article from The Orlando Evening Star from December 18, 1963. The article discusses the current polluted state of Lake Apopka and various theories about the source of Lake Apopka's problems. The article also mentions possible methods to clean up the lake. Type Text Source Photocopy of original newspaper article: Rider, Don. "Lake Apopka Woes Not Answered." The Orlando Evening Star: binder 1963, drawer 1938-1987, Friends of Lake Apopka Archives, Ginn Museum, <a href="http://www.oaktownusa.com/Pages/Preserve/index" target="_blank">Oakland Nature Preserve</a>, Oakland, Florida. Requires <a href="http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer/" target="_blank"> Adobe Flash Player</a> Is Part Of Binder 1963, drawer 1938-1987, Friends of Lake Apopka Archives, Ginn Museum, <a href="http://www.oaktownusa.com/Pages/Preserve/index" target="_blank">Oakland Nature Preserve</a>, Oakland, Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/153" target="_blank">Oakland Nature Preserve Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of photocopied newspaper article: Rider, Don. "Lake Apopka Woes Not Answered." The Orlando Evening Star, December 18, 1963. Coverage Winter Garden, Florida Lake Apopka, Florida Zellwood, Florida Creator Rider, Don Publisher The Orlando Evening Star Date Created ca. 1963-12-18 Date Issued 1963-12-18 Date Copyrighted 1963-12-18 Format application/pdf Extent 270 KB Medium 1 newspaper article Language eng Mediator History Teacher Science Teacher Geography Teacher Provenance Originally created by Don Rider and published by The Orlando Evening Star. Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by The Orlando Evening Star and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Contributing Project <a href="http://www.fola.org/" target="_blank">Friends of Lake Apopka</a> Curator King, Joshua Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository <a href="http://www.oaktownusa.com/Pages/Preserve/index" target="_blank">Oakland Nature Preserve</a> External Reference "<a href="http://www.protectingourwater.org/watersheds/map/ocklawaha/" target="_blank">Learn About Your Watershed: Ocklawaha River Watershed</a>." Florida's Water: Ours to Protect, Florida Department of Environmental Protection. Accessed June 12, 2015. http://www.protectingourwater.org/watersheds/map/ocklawaha/. agricultural pollution agriculture algae Apopka Apopka Beauclair Canal bass Bob Sherman C. W. Sheffield chemical DDT dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane Don Rider Ed Zagar farmer farming fish camps fish kill fishing Florida Game and Freshwater Fish Commission Florida State Board of Health hyacinth insecticide K. K. Hufstutler lake Lake Apopka oxygen content pesticide pollution research Robert "Bob" W. Sherman spraying The Orlando Evening Star water pollution water quality West Orange County Winter Garden Zellwood https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/b606de13190dcf019601c47ba14dcf4b.pdf 5957cd10bcbf0bb9065c1a539101ec1b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Oviedo Historical Society Collection Alternative Title Oviedo Historical Society Collection Subject Oviedo (Fla). Description The Oviedo Historical Society Collection encompasses historical artifacts donated for digitization at the Oviedo Historical Society's History Harvest in the Spring semester of 2015. The Oviedo Historical Society was organized in November 1973 by a group of citizens. The society is a 501(3) non-profit organization. Its purpose is to help preserve the community identity of Oviedo by collecting and disseminating knowledge about local history, serve as a repository for documents and artifacts relating to Oviedo history, promote the preservation and marking of historic sites and buildings in the Oviedo area and foster interest in local, state, national, and world history. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/128" target="_blank">Oviedo Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Oviedo, Florida Contributing Project <a href="http://oviedohs.com/" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society</a> <a href="http://history.cah.ucf.edu/staff.php?id=304" target="_blank">Dr. Connie L. Lester</a>'s Introduction to Public History course, Spring 2015 Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="http://oviedohs.com/" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society</a>." Oviedo Historical Society, Inc. http://oviedohs.com/. Adicks, Richard, and Donna M. Neely. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5890131" target="_blank">Oviedo, Biography of a Town</a>. S.l: s.n.], 1979. Robison, Jim. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/796757419" target="_blank">Around Oviedo</a>. 2012. "<a href="http://www.cityofoviedo.net/node/68" target="_blank">History</a>." City of Oviedo, Florida. http://www.cityofoviedo.net/node/68. "<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/audio/Ep41-Oviedo.mp3" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 41: Oviedo, with Dr. Richard Adicks</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/audio/Ep41-Oviedo.mp3. Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format 28-page booklet Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title The Oviedo Outlook: Centennial Edition Alternative Title Oviedo Outlook Centennial Edition Subject Oviedo (Fla.) Description The centennial edition of The Oviedo Outlook published in 1979 to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the founding of Oviedo, Florida. The newspaper begins with a brief history of Oviedo, followed by articles devoted to important members of the community, including Evelyn Cheek Lundy and John Lundy, Thad Lee Lingo, Jr. and Lacy Aire Lingo, Clare Wheeler Evans, Wayne Jacobs and Karen Jansen Jacobs, Thomas Moon, Marguerite Partin, Frank Wheeler, Katherine Lawton, Tom Estes, Ed Yarborough and Ima Jean Bostick Yarborough, Virginia Balkcom Mikler, Paul Mikler, Sparks Lingo Ridenour and John Ridenour, Ray "Rex" Clonts and Thelma Lee Clonts, Jean Jordan and Harold Jordan, the Malcolm family, Edward Duda, Penny Mitchem Olliff and Leon Olliff, Louise Wheeler Martin and Bill Martin, Miriam "Mimi" Wheeler Bruce and Douglas Allen, Viola Smith, and Cay Westerfield. Type Text Source Original 28-page booklet: The Oviedo Outlook: Centennial Edition, 1979: <a href="http://oviedohs.com/" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society</a>, Oviedo, Florida. Requires <a href="http://www.adobe.com/products/reader.html" target="_blank">Adobe Acrobat Reader</a> Is Part Of <a href="http://oviedohs.com/" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society</a>, Oviedo, Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/147" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society Collection</a>, Oviedo Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original 28-page booklet: The Oviedo Outlook: Centennial Edition, 1979. Coverage Oviedo High School, Oviedo, Florida First Baptist Church of Oviedo, Oviedo, Florida First Methodist Church of Oviedo, Oviedo, Florida Oviedo Woman's Club, Oviedo, Florida Oviedo, Post Office, Oviedo, Florida Memorial Building, Oviedo, Florida Sweetwater Park, Oviedo, Florida Lake Charm, Oviedo, Florida Lake Jesup, Oviedo, Florida Geneva, Florida St. Luke's Lutheran Church, Slavia, Oviedo, Florida White's Wharf, Oviedo, Florida Citizens Bank of Oviedo, Oviedo, Florida Citizens Bank of Oviedo, Oviedo, Florida Publisher The Oviedo Outlook Date Created 1979 Date Issued 1979 Date Copyrighted 1979 Format application/pdf Extent 11.8 MB Medium 28-page booklet Language eng Mediator History Teacher Provenance Originally published by The Oviedo Outlook. Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by The Oviedo Outlook and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Contributing Project <a href="http://oviedohs.com/" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society</a> Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository <a href="http://oviedohs.com/" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society</a> External Reference "<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/audio/Ep41-Oviedo.mp3" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 41: Oviedo, with Dr. Richard Adicks</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/audio/Ep41-Oviedo.mp3. Adicks, Richard, and Donna M. Neely. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5890131" target="_blank">Oviedo, Biography of a Town</a>. S.l: s.n.], 1979. "<a href="http://www.cityofoviedo.net/node/68" target="_blank">History</a>." City of Oviedo, Florida. http://www.cityofoviedo.net/node/68. Robison, Jim. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/796757419" target="_blank">Around Oviedo</a>. 2012. 4th of July A. Duda A. Duda and Sons, Inc. A. J. McCulley A. M. Jones A&W ACL African American Al Ruthberg Al Ruthberg's Dry Goods Alafaya Square Alafaya Woods Alafaya Woods Boulevard Albertsons Allen Street American Bandstand American Legion American Legion Post 243 American Radioactive Chemical Company Anderson Andrew Aulin, Sr. Andrew Duda Ann Leinhart Anna Thompson anniversary Anything for Floors Artesia Street Arthur Evans Arthur Scott Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Company Augusta Covington Aulin Avenue Avenue B. B. F. Wheeler B. G Smith Babe Ruth League Bank of Oviedo Baptists Baptizing Lake Barbara Walker-Seaman baseball basketball Bean Soup Ladies Belle Glade Ben Ward Ben Wheeler Benjamin Frank Wheeler Benny Ward Betty Aulin Betty Malcolm Betty Malcolm Jackson Betty Palmer Betty Reagan Bill Clinton Bill Martin Bill Nelson Bill Ward Billie Chance Black Hammock Fish Camp Black Tuesday Bob Butterworth Bobby Malcolm Boston Hill Boston Park Boy Scouts of American Broadway Lily's Louis Edward Jordan, Sr. Broadway Street Brownie Buddy Tyson C. L. Clonts C. R. Clonts and Associated Growers C. S. Lee cattle Cattlewomen Cay Westerfield celery centennial Central Avenue Century 21 Real Estate Chance Chapman Road Charles Aulin Charles Evans Charles Lee, Jr. Charles Simeon Lee Charlie Beasley Charlie Malcolm Charlie McCully Chase and Company Chicago boys Chiropractic Healthcare Center Christmas Chuluota churches Ci Gi's Pizza and Subs Citizens Bank of Oviedo city clerk city council city government Clare Wheeler Clare Wheeler Evans Clarence William Nelson II Clark Clark Street Claude Roy Kirk, Jr. Claudia Mitchem Cleo Malcolm Cleo Malcolm Gore Cleo Malcolm Leinhart Clonts Farms, Inc. Clyde Holder Clyde Reese Moon coach Colonial Drive Cooper county commissioner county government Cow Bells Crooms High School Cross Seminole Trail Crutchfield D. D. Daniel D. D. Daniel Store David Evans Dawson Daytona De Leon Street Delco Democrat Democratic parks desegregation Dick Addicks Dick Clark Doc Malcolm Don Ulery Donna Neely Donnie Malcolm Dorothy Malcolm Dorsey Brothers Double R Private School Doug Allen Doug Allen Debris Cleaning Douglas Allen Downtown Oviedo Duda Dwardy E. H. Kilbee Econ Eating Club Econ River Econlockhatchee River Ed Duda Ed Yarborough Edgar Marvin Edith Mead education educator Edward Duda Edward Stoner Elida Margaret McCulley Elm Street Elnoa Allen Elsie Beasley Emma Catherine Wahgren Enoch Partin Equestrian Green Evelyn Cheek Evelyn Cheek Lundy Faircloth's Grocery farmer farming Fernell's Grocery FFA FFWC First Baptist Church of Oviedo First United Methodist Church of Oviedo Flagler's Hotel Florida Avenue Florida Federation of Woman's Clubs Florida High School Athletic Association Florida Power and Light Company Florida State Road 426 Florida State Road 434 Florida State Road 50 Florida Tech Florida Technological University football Forrest Harrill Burgess Foster Chapel Fountainhead Baptist churches Fourth of July Frank Wheeler Freeze of 1894 Freeze of 1917-1918 Freeze of 1989 freezes Fritz Mondale fruit flies fruit fly FTU Future Farmers of America Gardenia Gebhardy Geneva Geneva Drive Geneva Historical and Genealogical Society Geneva Methodist churches George Aire George Kelsey George Lee George Lee Wheeler George Means Georgetown Georgia Lee Georgia Lee Wheeler Gertrude Lucas Gladys Malcolm Glenridge Middle School government Grace Olliff Graham Street Great Crash, Stock Market Crash of 1929 Great Day in the Country Great Depression Greater Oviedo Chamber of Commerce groves Guy Lombardo Gwynn's Cafe Halloween Harold Henn Harold Jordan Hazel Malcolm Henry Foster Henry Wolcott high schools Hillcrest Drive Hollie Ruscher Horse Pond Howell Branch Road Hubert Max Lanier Hurley Ann Wainright Hurley Mae Moon Hurricane Donna Hyland Ida Boston Ima Jean Bostick Ocala Ima Jean Bostick Yarborough immigrants Independence Day infestation integration Irving Malcolm Jack Malcolm Jackie Kasell Jackson Heights Jakubcin James Earl Carter, Jr. James Gilbery James Lambert Malcolm Jane Cochran Jane Gaydick Jane Moran Jane Moran Wheeler Jean Jordan Jean Wheeler Jim Lee Jim Partin Jim Pearson Jim Wilson Jimmy Carter Jimmy Lee Jimmy Malcolm Joe Leinhart Joe Malcolm Joe Rutland John Currier John Evans John Ganaway Malcolm John Irving Malcolm John Lundy John Ridenour Johnny Smith Johnson Hill Joseph Leinhart Joseph Watts July 4th July Fourth Junie Duda Justice of the Peace Karate Academy Karen Jansen Karen Jansen Jacobs Katherine Lawton Katherine Mikler Katherine Mikler Duda Katheryn Lawton Katie Lawton Kay Dodd Kay Estes Keith Malcolm Kenneth Malcolm King King Street Kingsbridge Kit Lawton Kitty Young L. J. Gore Lacy Aire Lacy Aire Lingo Lake Barton Lake Charm Lake Charm Park Lake George Lake Harney Lake Jessup Settlement Lake Jesup Lake Mary Lake Pickett Lake Rosa Lakemont Elementary School Larry Neely Larry Olliff law Lawton Elementary School Lawton House Lawton's Grocery Lawtonville Lee and Todd Real Estate Company Lee Wheeler Leinhart Leon Olliff Leonard Jansen Letty Leinhart Linda Olliff Cliburn Linda Sheppard little league local government Lockwood Boulevard Lois Ridell Louise Gore Louise Wheeler Louise Wheeler Martin Lucy Fore Lucy Fore Bostick Magnolia Street Malcolm Mammy Jones Marguerite Partin Marilyn Partin Mark Bellhorn Marlow Link Martha Ann Bruce Martha Ann Moon Martha Ann Moon Lee Martin Anderson Martin Gore Mary Velora Moon Matheson Max Lanier May Day mayor Mayor of Oviedo McDonald's McKinnon Meat Market Mead Manor Mediterranean fruit fly Memorial Building Memorial Building Committee Merritt Staley Methodist Youth Fellowship Methodists Michael Bruce Mike Tsinsky Mikler Road Mimi Wheeler Mimi Wheeler Bruce Mims Minnie Means Miriam Wheeler Miriam Wheeler Bruce Mitchell Hammock Mitchell Hammock Road Model T Ford Mule trains Museum of Seminole County History MYF Myrtle Avenue natural disasters Navy Nelson Nelson and Company Niblack Building Nin a Ralston North Lake Jessup Novella Aulin Novella Aulin Ragsdale Ocala OHS Ol' Swimming Hole Old Downtown Development Group Old Mims Road Old Time History of By-Gone Days of Lake Jessup Settlement Orange Avenue oranges orlando Oviedo Oviedo Athletic Association Oviedo Child Care Center Oviedo City Cleaners, Inc. Oviedo City Clerk Oviedo City Council Oviedo City Hall Oviedo Garden Club Oviedo High School Oviedo Historical Society Oviedo Inn Oviedo Lights Oviedo Magazine Club Oviedo Marketplace Oviedo Post Office Oviedo Shopping Center Oviedo Town Council Oviedo Woman's Club OWC Palatka River Park Avenue Elementary School Partin Patrick Westerfield Paul Arie Paul Mikler Penny Mitchem Penny Mitchem Olliff Phil Goree picnic Pine Street pioneers post offices postmaster poultry R. W. Estes race relations Railroad Street railroads Rainbow Bowl rations Ray Alford Ray Clonts Reconstruction Red Barn Red Bug Lake Road religion Rex Clonts Rick Burns Riverside Park Robert A. Butterworth Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Roley Carter Ropers Rosa Gray Roy Clonts Roz Nogel Russell Boston Sanford Sanford Airport Sanford City League Sanford Road Sanlando Springs sawmill Sayde Fleming Sayde Fleming Duda Schmidt school superintendent schools Scott Perry SCPS Sears and Roebuck segregation Seminole County Public Schools Seminole County School Board Seminole County Sports Hall of Fame Seminole High School settlers Shedd Street Shirley Malcolm Sheppard Shirley Partin Signworks Graphik and Design, Inc. Silver Glen Springs Silver Star Simmons Singletary skiing Slavia Smoky Burgess Snow Hill snow Hill Road Solary's wharf Sparks Lingo Sparks Lingo Clonts Sparks Lingo Ridenour Spencer's Grocery and Drygoods Spencer's Store sports SR 426 SR 434 SR 50 St. Johns River St. Luke's Lutheran Cathedral State Democratic Committee statute Steak'n'Shake Steen Nelson Stevens Street Stommy Staley Stone Sugarby's Sunday schools Suzanne Partin Swedes Swedish Sweetwater Park Swift and Company swimming pool T. L. Lingo, Jr. T. L. Mead T. W. Lawton T. W. Lawton Elementary School Teacher's House teachers Ted Estes Thad Lee Lingo III Thad Lee Lingo, Jr. The Gap The Oviedo Outlook The Scrubs The Sign Man The Square Thee Lee Thelma Lee Thelma Lee Clonts Theodore Luqueer Mead Thomas Moon Thomas Willington Lawton Thompson Tom Estes Tom Moon Tom Morgan Tommy Estes town government Town House Restaurant Troy Jones turkey Tuscawilla Twin Rivers U.S. Army UCF University of Central Florida Vera Malcolm veteran Vietnam War Vine Street Viola Smith Virginia Balkcom Virginia Balkcom Mikler Virginia Staley W. G. Kilbee W. J. Lawton, Sr. Wagner Wall Street Crash of 1929 Wallace Allen Walter Frederick Mondale Walter Mondale Walter Teague water skiing Watermaster Plumbing Wayne Jacobs Wes Evans Wheeler Fertilizer Plant White's Wharf William Jefferson Blythe III William Jefferson Clinton Winborn Joseph Lawton, Sr. Winchester Insurance, Inc. Winter Park Winter Park Telephone Company Woman's Club World War II WWII Zellwood https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/6d215b5bc3225457488a8eb6956b7ecb.pdf dfbe2ae403f93273b96e6be948cdcb61 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Oviedo Historical Society Collection Alternative Title Oviedo Historical Society Collection Subject Oviedo (Fla). Description The Oviedo Historical Society Collection encompasses historical artifacts donated for digitization at the Oviedo Historical Society's History Harvest in the Spring semester of 2015. The Oviedo Historical Society was organized in November 1973 by a group of citizens. The society is a 501(3) non-profit organization. Its purpose is to help preserve the community identity of Oviedo by collecting and disseminating knowledge about local history, serve as a repository for documents and artifacts relating to Oviedo history, promote the preservation and marking of historic sites and buildings in the Oviedo area and foster interest in local, state, national, and world history. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/128" target="_blank">Oviedo Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Oviedo, Florida Contributing Project <a href="http://oviedohs.com/" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society</a> <a href="http://history.cah.ucf.edu/staff.php?id=304" target="_blank">Dr. Connie L. Lester</a>'s Introduction to Public History course, Spring 2015 Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="http://oviedohs.com/" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society</a>." Oviedo Historical Society, Inc. http://oviedohs.com/. Adicks, Richard, and Donna M. Neely. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5890131" target="_blank">Oviedo, Biography of a Town</a>. S.l: s.n.], 1979. Robison, Jim. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/796757419" target="_blank">Around Oviedo</a>. 2012. "<a href="http://www.cityofoviedo.net/node/68" target="_blank">History</a>." City of Oviedo, Florida. http://www.cityofoviedo.net/node/68. "<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/audio/Ep41-Oviedo.mp3" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 41: Oviedo, with Dr. Richard Adicks</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/audio/Ep41-Oviedo.mp3. Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format 8-page newspaper supplement Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title The Oviedo Heritage '77, June 30, 1977 Alternative Title The Oviedo Heritage '77 Subject Oviedo (Fla.) Description The Oviedo Heritage, a supplement for The Oviedo Outlook, published on June 30, 1977. The Oviedo Outlook was published every Thursday at 173 West Broadway Street in Oviedo, Florida. The newspaper was operated by the NPN Corporation, president and general manager Lawrence E. Neely, vice president and managing editor James "Randy" R. Noles, and secretary-treasurer and business manager Marilyn Neely. Topics discussed in various articles in this issue include the history of Oviedo, Andrew Duda and his family, the history of the Citizens Bank of Oviedo, and the life of Dr. Theodore Luqueer Mead (1852-1936). Type Text Source Original 8-page newspaper supplement: The Oviedo Heritage, June 30, 1977: <a href="http://oviedohs.com/" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society</a>, Oviedo, Florida. Requires <a href="http://www.adobe.com/products/reader.html" target="_blank">Adobe Acrobat Reader</a> Is Part Of <a href="http://oviedohs.com/" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society</a>, Oviedo, Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/147" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society Collection</a>, Oviedo Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original 8-page newspaper supplement: The Oviedo Heritage, June 30, 1977. Coverage Oviedo, Florida Lake Charm, Oviedo, Florida First Baptist Church of Oviedo, Oviedo, Florida First United Methodist Church of Oviedo, Oviedo, Florida Wheeler Fertilizer Plant, Oviedo, Florida Gwynn's Cafe, Oviedo, Florida Black Hammock, Oviedo, Florida Florida Technological University, Orlando, Florida Oviedo Railroad Depot, Oviedo, Florida A. Duda and Sons Celery Farm, Slavia, Florida Citizens Bank of Oviedo, Oviedo, Florida Mead Manor, Oviedo, Florida Publisher The Oviedo Outlook Date Created ca. 1977-06-30 Date Issued 1977-06-30 Date Copyrighted 1977-06-30 Format application/pdf Extent 1.36 MB Medium 8-page newspaper supplement Language eng Mediator History Teacher Economics Teacher Geography Teacher Provenance Originally published by The Oviedo Outlook. Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by The Oviedo Outlook and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Contributing Project <a href="http://oviedohs.com/" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society</a> Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository <a href="http://oviedohs.com/" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society</a> External Reference "<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/audio/Ep41-Oviedo.mp3" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 41: Oviedo, with Dr. Richard Adicks</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/audio/Ep41-Oviedo.mp3. Adicks, Richard, and Donna M. Neely. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5890131" target="_blank">Oviedo, Biography of a Town</a>. S.l: s.n.], 1979. "<a href="http://www.cityofoviedo.net/node/68" target="_blank">History</a>." City of Oviedo, Florida. http://www.cityofoviedo.net/node/68. Robison, Jim. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/796757419" target="_blank">Around Oviedo</a>. 2012. 4th of July A. Duda and Sons, Inc. ACL Andrew Aulin, Sr. Andrew Duda Andrew Duda, Jr. Andy Duda, Jr. Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Company B. F. Wheeler, Sr. Ben Jones Ben Ward Agency, Inc. Benjamin Franklin Wheeler, Sr. Black Hammock Black Tuesday Boy Scouts of America Broadway Street C. R. Clonts C. R. Clonts and Associated Growers Central Avenue Citizens Bank of Oviedo Donna Neely Downtown Oviedo Edith Mead F. W. Talbott Ferdinand Duda First Baptist Church of Oviedo First United Methodist Church of Oviedo Florida Technological University Fourth of July FTU Great Crash Great Depression Greyhound Lines, Inc. Gwynn Gwynn's Cafe Henry Foster Independence Day J. B. Jones J. B. Jones and Brothers J. H. Lee John Duda John Hiram Lee Jones Grocery Jonnie Conley Joseph Watts July 4th July Fourth Katherine Duda Lake Apopka Lake Charm Lake Jessup Lake Jessup Settlement Larry Neely Lee and Todd Real Estate Company Mead Botanical Garden Mead Manor Nelson and Company, Inc. OHS Old Time History of By Gone Days of Lake Jessup Settlement Olliff's Barber and Style Shop orlando Oviedo Oviedo City Hall Oviedo Historical Society Oviedo Railroad Depot Peters Shoes Pot Latch R. W. Estes Randy Noles S. F. Long SAL Seaboard Air Line railroads Seminole County Slavia Solaria's Wharf Southland Produce Spencer's Store Steen Nelson Stock Market Crash of 1929 Sweetwater Park T. L. Mead T. W. Lawton The Oviedo Heritage The Oviedo Outlook Theodore Luqueer Mead Thomas Willington Lawton W. G. Kilbee W. J. Martin Wall Street Crash of 1929 Wheeler Fertilizer World War II WWII Zellwood https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/b12ca8b00ae9a9a64e9e06dc12b891b9.pdf a153c0f517f7dacde9f5f7194d18cc41 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Oviedo Historical Society Collection Alternative Title Oviedo Historical Society Collection Subject Oviedo (Fla). Description The Oviedo Historical Society Collection encompasses historical artifacts donated for digitization at the Oviedo Historical Society's History Harvest in the Spring semester of 2015. The Oviedo Historical Society was organized in November 1973 by a group of citizens. The society is a 501(3) non-profit organization. Its purpose is to help preserve the community identity of Oviedo by collecting and disseminating knowledge about local history, serve as a repository for documents and artifacts relating to Oviedo history, promote the preservation and marking of historic sites and buildings in the Oviedo area and foster interest in local, state, national, and world history. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/128" target="_blank">Oviedo Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Oviedo, Florida Contributing Project <a href="http://oviedohs.com/" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society</a> <a href="http://history.cah.ucf.edu/staff.php?id=304" target="_blank">Dr. Connie L. Lester</a>'s Introduction to Public History course, Spring 2015 Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="http://oviedohs.com/" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society</a>." Oviedo Historical Society, Inc. http://oviedohs.com/. Adicks, Richard, and Donna M. Neely. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5890131" target="_blank">Oviedo, Biography of a Town</a>. S.l: s.n.], 1979. Robison, Jim. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/796757419" target="_blank">Around Oviedo</a>. 2012. "<a href="http://www.cityofoviedo.net/node/68" target="_blank">History</a>." City of Oviedo, Florida. http://www.cityofoviedo.net/node/68. "<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/audio/Ep41-Oviedo.mp3" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 41: Oviedo, with Dr. Richard Adicks</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/audio/Ep41-Oviedo.mp3. Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format 1 newspaper article Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Farming Success Came Hard for Andrew Duda and Family Alternative Title Farming Success Came Hard for Andrew Duda Subject Oviedo (Fla.) Farming--Florida Agriculture--Florida Celery Citrus--Florida Description The Oviedo Heritage, a supplement for The Oviedo Outlook, published on June 30, 1977. This article describes the history of Andrew Duda, Sr., a celery and citrus farmer and early pioneer in Slavia, an unincorporated community southwest of Oviedo, Florida. Duda immigrated from Slovakia to Cleveland, Ohio, in 1909, later settling in Central Florida to try his hand at farming. Initially successful growing Irish potatoes, the market value of the crop could not cover shipping costs and the Duda family struggled financially to survive. Soon after they returned to Cleveland, where Duda and his sons worked in a factory to support the family. By 1926, the Duda family had saved enough money to return to Slavia. This time, their crops prospered and they formed A. Duda and Sons. The family owned company remains in existence today and is an international brand with locations across the globe. Type Text Source Original newspaper article: "Farming Success Came Hard for Andrew Duda and Family." The Oviedo Heritage, June 30, 1977: <a href="http://oviedohs.com/" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society</a>, Oviedo, Florida. Requires <a href="http://www.adobe.com/products/reader.html" target="_blank">Adobe Acrobat Reader</a> Is Part Of "<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/5702" target="_blank">The Oviedo Heritage '77, June 30, 1977</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/5702. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/147" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society Collection</a>, Oviedo Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/147" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society Collection</a>, Oviedo Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original newspaper article: "Farming Success Came Hard for Andrew Duda and Family." The Oviedo Heritage, June 30, 1977. Coverage A. Duda and Sons Celery Farm, Slavia, Florida Publisher The Oviedo Outlook Date Created ca. 1977-06-30 Date Issued 1977-06-30 Date Copyrighted 1977-06-30 Format application/pdf Extent 638 KB Medium 1 newspaper article Language eng Mediator History Teacher Economics Teacher Provenance Originally published by The Oviedo Outlook. Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by The Oviedo Outlook and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Contributing Project <a href="http://oviedohs.com/" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society</a> Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository <a href="http://oviedohs.com/" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society</a> External Reference Barnett, Cynthia. "<a href="http://www.floridafarmers.org/news/articles/TheDudaWay.htm" target="_blank">The Duda Way: A. Duda & Sons Co.</a>." Florida Trend, September 2006. http://www.floridafarmers.org/news/articles/TheDudaWay.htm. "<a href="http://www.dudafresh.com/about/history.php" target="_blank">History</a>." Duda Farm Fresh Foods. http://www.dudafresh.com/about/history.php. A. Duda and Sons, Inc. agriculture Andrew Duda Andrew Duda, Jr. Andy Duda, Jr. Belle Glade carrots celery citrus Cocoa corn Czechoslovakia farming Ferdinand Duda Great Depression groves immigrants John Duda Katherine Duda LaBelle Lake Apopka leaf vegetables muck Naples Ocala Oviedo Slavia Southland Produce sweet corn The Oviedo Heritage The Oviedo Outlook vegetables Zellwood https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/3ea0ea4f0301b5603e769b07f7bf8a55.pdf 3fc4a5075f0329da0f0e199a7fe7ec02 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Friends of Lake Apopka Collection Alternative Title FOLA Collection Subject Lake Apopka (Fla.) Water quality--Florida Pollution--Florida Description The Friends of Lake Apopka (FOLA) is a citizen advocacy group with the mission of restoring Lake Apopka in Orange County and Lake County, Florida. Due to poor farming practices along its shores, Lake Apopka has become one of the largest polluted lakes in Florida. This collection features various archival items related to the restoration of the lake. Contributor <a href="http://www.fola.org/" target="_blank">Friends of Lake Apopka</a> Language eng Type Collection Coverage Lake Apopka, Florida Florida Game and Fresh Water Commission, Tallahassee, Florida Oakland, Florida Orlando, Florida Saint Johns River, Florida Winter Garden, Florida Winter Haven, Florida Zellwood, Florida Contributing Project <a href="http://www.fola.org/" target="_blank">Friends of Lake Apopka</a> Curator Cepero, Laura King, Joshua Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository <a href="http://www.oaktownusa.com/Pages/Preserve/index" target="_blank">Oakland Nature Preserve</a> External Reference "<a href="http://www.fola.org/" target="_blank">Our Mission & Purpose</a>." Friends of Lake Apopka. http://www.fola.org/. Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format 1-page typewritten letter 1-page typewritten statement Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Letter from William "Don" D. McAllister to V. D. Patten (June 15, 1966) Alternative Title Letter from McAllister to Patten (June 15, 1966) Subject Lake Apopka (Fla.) Lakes--Florida Water quality--Florida Pollution--Florida Pesticides--United States Fishing--Florida Fish Description A letter from William "Don" D. McAllister to V. D. Patten at the Florida State Board of Health, with attached statement. McAllister hosted the Central Florida TV-show Hunting and Fishing with Don, which ran 1954 to 1972 on WDBO-Channel 6. The letter and attached statement detail observations made by McAllister while fishing on Lake Apopka in Florida. McAllister observed a large cloud of pesticide spray drifting over Lake Apopka, dispersed by spray planes operating Zellwood. McAllister also observed a moderate fish kill in the area. Type Text Source Photocopy of original typewritten letter from William "Don" D. McAllister to V. D. Patten and typewritten statement, June 15, 1966: binder 1966, Friends of Lake Apopka Archives, Ginn Museum, <a href="http://www.oaktownusa.com/Pages/Preserve/index" target="_blank">Oakland Nature Preserve</a>, Oakland, Florida. Requires <a href="http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer/" target="_blank"> Adobe Flash Player</a> Is Part Of Binder 1966, Friends of Lake Apopka Archives, Ginn Museum, <a href="http://www.oaktownusa.com/Pages/Preserve/index" target="_blank">Oakland Nature Preserve</a>, Oakland, Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/153" target="_blank">Friends of Lake Apopka Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of photocopied typewritten letter from William "Don" D. McAllister to V. D. Patten and typewritten statement, June 15, 1966. Coverage Lake Apopka, Florida Jacksonville, Florida Zellwood, Florida Creator McAllister, William "Don" D. Date Created 1966-06-15 Format application/pdf Extent 293 KB Medium 1-page typewritten letter 1-page typewritten statement Language eng Mediator History Teacher Geography Teacher Science Teacher Provenance Originally created by William "Don" D. McAllister. Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by the <a href="http://www.fola.org/" target="_blank">Friends of Lake Apopka</a> and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Contributing Project <a href="http://www.fola.org/" target="_blank">Friends of Lake Apopka</a> Curator King, Joshua Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository <a href="http://www.oaktownusa.com/Pages/Preserve/index" target="_blank">Oakland Nature Preserve</a> External Reference "<a href="http://www.protectingourwater.org/watersheds/map/ocklawaha/" target="_blank">Learn About Your Watershed: Ocklawaha River Watershed</a>." Florida's Water: Ours to Protect, Florida Department of Environmental Protection. Accessed June 12, 2015. http://www.protectingourwater.org/watersheds/map/ocklawaha/. agricultural pollution agriculture airplane conservation Don McAllister fish camp fish kill fishing Florida State Board of Health Gene McNair Johnson's Fish Camp Lake Apopka lakes pesticide plane pollution spraying V. D. Patten water water conservation water quality William "Don" D. McAllister Winter Haven Zellwood Zellwood Farms https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/b71c5e9e47a21f17de52693a61545d7e.jpg 4b1ca72c08c154575789bacd0ca8ff9b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Friends of Lake Apopka Collection Alternative Title FOLA Collection Subject Lake Apopka (Fla.) Water quality--Florida Pollution--Florida Description The Friends of Lake Apopka (FOLA) is a citizen advocacy group with the mission of restoring Lake Apopka in Orange County and Lake County, Florida. Due to poor farming practices along its shores, Lake Apopka has become one of the largest polluted lakes in Florida. This collection features various archival items related to the restoration of the lake. Contributor <a href="http://www.fola.org/" target="_blank">Friends of Lake Apopka</a> Language eng Type Collection Coverage Lake Apopka, Florida Florida Game and Fresh Water Commission, Tallahassee, Florida Oakland, Florida Orlando, Florida Saint Johns River, Florida Winter Garden, Florida Winter Haven, Florida Zellwood, Florida Contributing Project <a href="http://www.fola.org/" target="_blank">Friends of Lake Apopka</a> Curator Cepero, Laura King, Joshua Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository <a href="http://www.oaktownusa.com/Pages/Preserve/index" target="_blank">Oakland Nature Preserve</a> External Reference "<a href="http://www.fola.org/" target="_blank">Our Mission & Purpose</a>." Friends of Lake Apopka. http://www.fola.org/. Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format 1-page typewritten table Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Lake Apopka Studies for Summer, 1968 Alternative Title Lake Apopka Studies Subject Lake Apopka (Fla.) Water quality--Florida Pollution--Florida Description A list of studies to be performed on Lake Apopka by the Lake Apopka Technical Committee during the summer of 1968. The Technical Committee was formed by Florida Governor Claude R. Kirk, Jr. (1926-2011) in 1967, with C. W. Sheffield as chairman, to investigate pollution in and potential restoration of Lake Apopka. The studies on this list include nutrient removal experiments, studies of consolidation of lake sediment, plankton surveys, and rainfall sampling. Towns studied include Oakland, Ferndale, Lake Porter, Winter Garden, Zellwood, and Pine Hills. Type Text Source Original 1-page typewritten table: binder 1968, Friends of Lake Apopka Archives, Ginn Museum, <a href="http://www.oaktownusa.com/Pages/Preserve/index" target="_blank">Oakland Nature Preserve</a>, Oakland, Florida. Is Part Of Binder 1968, Friends of Lake Apopka Archives, Ginn Museum, <a href="http://www.oaktownusa.com/Pages/Preserve/index" target="_blank">Oakland Nature Preserve</a>, Oakland, Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/153" target="_blank">Friends of Lake Apopka Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original 1-page typewritten table. Coverage Oakland, Florida Ferndale, Florida Winter Garden, Florida Gourd Neck, Florida Crown Point, Florida Pine Island Point, Florida Lake Porter, Orlando, Florida Apopka Beauclair Canal, Florida Zellwood, Florida Pine Hills, Florida Date Created ca. 1968 Format image/jpg Extent 183 KB Medium 1-page typewritten table Language eng Mediator History Teacher Civics/Government Teacher Science Teacher Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by the <a href="http://www.fola.org/" target="_blank">Friends of Lake Apopka</a> and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Contributing Project <a href="http://www.fola.org/" target="_blank">Friends of Lake Apopka</a> Curator King, Joshua Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository <a href="http://www.oaktownusa.com/Pages/Preserve/index" target="_blank">Oakland Nature Preserve</a> External Reference "<a href="http://www.protectingourwater.org/watersheds/map/ocklawaha/" target="_blank">Learn About Your Watershed: Ocklawaha River Watershed</a>." Florida's Water: Ours to Protect, Florida Department of Environmental Protection. Accessed June 12, 2015. http://www.protectingourwater.org/watersheds/map/ocklawaha/. agricultural pollution Apopka Beauclair Canal aquatic plants bottom drying C. W. Sheffield Chuck Meyer Crown Point Dale Whitmore dredging Duda eutrophication Ferndale Fisherman's Paradise flocculation Florida Board of Health Gourd Neck Graham Goodwin Lake Apopka Lake Apopka Technical Committee Lake Porter Mick Sheffield Mickey Sheffield Mike Johnson Mike Raim muck farms nutrient removal Pine Hills Pine Island Point plankton Ray Kaleel sampling Steve Hendrix Tim Alexander water quality Winter Garden Zellwood https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/95660f3d1666804919b5debe878481af.pdf 9e6f46607c8353b1a8f4f09d76030322 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Friends of Lake Apopka Collection Alternative Title FOLA Collection Subject Lake Apopka (Fla.) Water quality--Florida Pollution--Florida Description The Friends of Lake Apopka (FOLA) is a citizen advocacy group with the mission of restoring Lake Apopka in Orange County and Lake County, Florida. Due to poor farming practices along its shores, Lake Apopka has become one of the largest polluted lakes in Florida. This collection features various archival items related to the restoration of the lake. Contributor <a href="http://www.fola.org/" target="_blank">Friends of Lake Apopka</a> Language eng Type Collection Coverage Lake Apopka, Florida Florida Game and Fresh Water Commission, Tallahassee, Florida Oakland, Florida Orlando, Florida Saint Johns River, Florida Winter Garden, Florida Winter Haven, Florida Zellwood, Florida Contributing Project <a href="http://www.fola.org/" target="_blank">Friends of Lake Apopka</a> Curator Cepero, Laura King, Joshua Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository <a href="http://www.oaktownusa.com/Pages/Preserve/index" target="_blank">Oakland Nature Preserve</a> External Reference "<a href="http://www.fola.org/" target="_blank">Our Mission & Purpose</a>." Friends of Lake Apopka. http://www.fola.org/. Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format 2-page typewritten letter Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Letter from Henry F. Swanson (February 11, 1966) Alternative Title Letter from Swanson (February 11, 1966) Subject Aquifers--Florida Rainfall Description A letter from Henry F. Swanson (1902-1989) to supporters of agriculture in Orange County, Florida. Swanson was the Orange County Agricultural Extension Agent from 1948 to 1978. The Extension Service is a cooperative effort between the University of Florida (UF) and state and local governments to make agricultural and ecological research available to the public. In addition to his role as a public advocate for Central Florida agriculture, Swanson was well-known as an early advocate for protection of Central Florida aquifers. In this letter, he describes a "greenbelt" of land in Central Florida that is a vital aquifer recharge area. Swanson also discusses the importance of agriculture, as a type of land use that does not prevent rainfall recharge (as real estate development would). Type Text Source Original 2-page typewritten letter from Henry F. Swanson, February 11, 1966: binder 1966, Friends of Lake Apopka Archives, Ginn Museum, <a href="http://www.oaktownusa.com/Pages/Preserve/index" target="_blank">Oakland Nature Preserve</a>, Oakland, Florida. Requires <a href="http://www.adobe.com/products/reader.html" target="_blank">Adobe Acrobat Reader</a> Is Part Of Binder 1966, Friends of Lake Apopka Archives, Ginn Museum, <a href="http://www.oaktownusa.com/Pages/Preserve/index" target="_blank">Oakland Nature Preserve</a>, Oakland, Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/153" target="_blank">Friends of Lake Apopka Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of 2-page typewritten letter from Henry F. Swanson, February 11, 1966. Coverage Orlando, Florida Windermere, Florida Zellwood, Florida Tangerine, Florida Creator Swanson, Henry F. Date Created 1966-02-11 Format application/pdf Medium 2-page typewritten letter Language eng Mediator History Teacher Science Teacher Provenance Originally created by Henry F. Swanson. Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by the <a href="http://www.fola.org/" target="_blank">Friends of Lake Apopka</a> and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Contributing Project <a href="http://www.fola.org/" target="_blank">Friends of Lake Apopka</a> Curator King, Joshua Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository <a href="http://www.oaktownusa.com/Pages/Preserve/index" target="_blank">Oakland Nature Preserve</a> External Reference "<a href="http://www.protectingourwater.org/watersheds/map/ocklawaha/" target="_blank">Learn About Your Watershed: Ocklawaha River Watershed</a>." Florida's Water: Ours to Protect, Florida Department of Environmental Protection. Accessed June 12, 2015. http://www.protectingourwater.org/watersheds/map/ocklawaha/. aquifers Brevard County Cape Kennedy city planning Cocoa Florida Agricultural Extension Service Henry F. Swanson hydrologic cycle Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Orange County Agricultural Center orlando rain rainfall Seminole County soil Tangerine topography West Orange County West Orange Greenbelt Windermere Zellwood zoning https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/29db8d3e461e00c31205911c95f87ab6.pdf 35f4205d1abfc993f0b83bc4fab3c293 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Friends of Lake Apopka Collection Alternative Title FOLA Collection Subject Lake Apopka (Fla.) Water quality--Florida Pollution--Florida Description The Friends of Lake Apopka (FOLA) is a citizen advocacy group with the mission of restoring Lake Apopka in Orange County and Lake County, Florida. Due to poor farming practices along its shores, Lake Apopka has become one of the largest polluted lakes in Florida. This collection features various archival items related to the restoration of the lake. Contributor <a href="http://www.fola.org/" target="_blank">Friends of Lake Apopka</a> Language eng Type Collection Coverage Lake Apopka, Florida Florida Game and Fresh Water Commission, Tallahassee, Florida Oakland, Florida Orlando, Florida Saint Johns River, Florida Winter Garden, Florida Winter Haven, Florida Zellwood, Florida Contributing Project <a href="http://www.fola.org/" target="_blank">Friends of Lake Apopka</a> Curator Cepero, Laura King, Joshua Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository <a href="http://www.oaktownusa.com/Pages/Preserve/index" target="_blank">Oakland Nature Preserve</a> External Reference "<a href="http://www.fola.org/" target="_blank">Our Mission & Purpose</a>." Friends of Lake Apopka. http://www.fola.org/. Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Letter from Harold L. Moody to Lawrence E. Jerome (March 13, 1972) Alternative Title Letter from Moody to Jerome (March 13, 1972) Subject Lake Apopka (Fla.) Zellwood (Fla.) Winter Garden (Fla.) Pollution--Florida Description A letter from Harold L. Moody, fisheries biologist for the Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission, to Lawrence E. Jerome. The letter gives a detailed analysis of the history of pollution in Lake Apopka, the development of the Zellwood Drainage District muck farms, and the management of Lake Apopka's water level. Lake Apopka is one of Florida’s largest lakes and was once considered to be one of the world’s best lakes for bass fishing. The lake’s sport fish population began to decline in the 1960s, with major die-offs occurring almost yearly. The lake’s problems are generally considered to be the result of over-nutrification from various sources. Twenty thousand acres of wetlands bordering the lake’s north shore were drained in the 1940s and used for highly fertile “muck farms.” These farms were routinely flooded to protect the fragile soil, and the fertilizer and pesticide-laden water was then discharged back into the lake prior to each growing season. Other sources of pollution include discharge from citrus processing operations, as well as treated wastewater from sewage plants. The nutrient-rich discharge promoted algae growth in the lake, turning the water to a green color, and blocked sunlight from reaching aquatic vegetation, which provided food and habit to the lake’s fish population. The lake’s bottom soil became increasingly “mucky,” also disrupting aquatic vegetation from taking root. Restoration work on the lake began in the 1960s with attempts by various agencies to remove “trash fish,” such as gizzard shad, from the lake via seining, which would hopefully allow the lake’s sport fish to thrive. The Lake Apopka Restoration Council, an initiative formed under Governor Claude Kirk (1926-2011) in 1967, launched several studies to find methods to improve the lake, though no serious action was taken. Various methods were debated to restore the lake through the 1970s and 1980s, including “drawdown,” which entailed completely draining the lake to allow the mucky bottom to consolidate. Restoration attempts were stalled for lack of funding and research. The Lake Apopka Restoration Council was reformed in 1985 under Governor Bob Graham (b. 1936), and, in 1987, the Surface Water and Improvement Management Act was passed. Together, these actions allowed comprehensive restoration plans to take shape, such as the Marsh Flow-way, a project by the St John’s Water Management District that uses natural methods to remove nutrients from the lake. The Friends of Lake Apopka, a citizen environmental advocacy group, began to push for further restoration efforts in the 1990s. The lake’s north shore muck farms were eventually purchased by the State of Florida, helping to reduce the amount of nutrient entering the lake. Type Text Source Photocopy of 5-page typewritten letter from Harold L. Moody to Lawrence E. Jerome, March 13, 1972: binder 1972, Friends of Lake Apopka Archives, Ginn Museum, <a href="http://www.oaktownusa.com/Pages/Preserve/index" target="_blank">Oakland Nature Preserve</a>, Oakland, Florida. Requires <a href="http://www.adobe.com/products/reader.html" target="_blank">Adobe Acrobat Reader</a> Is Part Of Binder 1972, Friends of Lake Apopka Archives, Ginn Museum, <a href="http://www.oaktownusa.com/Pages/Preserve/index" target="_blank">Oakland Nature Preserve</a>, Oakland, Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/153" target="_blank">Friends of Lake Apopka Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of photocopied 5-page typewritten letter from Harold L. Moody to Lawrence E. Jerome, March 13, 1972, March 13, 1972. Coverage Fisheries Research Laboratory, Florida Game and Fresh Water Commission, Eustis, Florida Home of Lawrence E. Jerome, Santa Clara, California Lake Apopka, Florida Winter Garden, Florida Zellwood, Florida Creator Moody, Harold L. Date Created 1972-03-13 Format application/pdf Extent 1.04 MB Medium 5-page typewritten letter on Florida Game and Fresh Water Commission letterhead Language eng Mediator History Teacher Civics/Government Teacher Science Teacher Provenance Originally created by Harold L. Moody. Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by the <a href="http://www.fola.org/" target="_blank">Friends of Lake Apopka</a> and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Contributing Project <a href="http://www.fola.org/" target="_blank">Friends of Lake Apopka</a> Curator King, Joshua Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository <a href="http://www.oaktownusa.com/Pages/Preserve/index" target="_blank">Oakland Nature Preserve</a> External Reference "<a href="http://www.sjrwmd.com/lakeapopka/history.html" target="_blank">History of Lake Apopka</a>." St John's River Water Management District. January 28, 2013. Accessed June 05, 2016. http://www.sjrwmd.com/lakeapopka/history.html. aeromonas liquefaciens agricultural pollution banks Bickerstaff blue gills citrus processing plants DDE DDT dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane ecosystems fertilizers fish kills Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission FWS gamefish gizzard shads Harold L. Moody Henry Swanson Horel Lake Apopka lake restoration Lawrence E. Jerome littoral muck farming muck farms Ocklawaha River pesticides PHS pondweeds Potamogeton Reconstruction Finance Corporation River Fishery Project seining sewage treatment plants sewage wastes sports fishing St. Johns River U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service U.S. Public Health Service UG University of Georgia USFWS Vallisineria vertical water level water hyacinths Winter Garden Woods Zellwood Zellwood Drainage District https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/3da2cef58471c6e942834f73448816cb.mp3 4e82a1f35c2e960aedcffe0ff393d822 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/c082f79011d3bb6dc365c694170b623e.pdf cd9bc9537642de3a8bd248b0ed3a2661 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Jared Muha Collection Subject Lake Apopka (Fla.) Agriculture--Florida Migrant labor Apopka (Fla.) Description A collection of oral history interviews conducted by Jared Muha. Creator Muha, Jared Publisher <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"> RICHES</a> Rights Holder <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"> RICHES</a> Curator Cravero, Geoffrey Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank"> RICHES MI</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Oral Memoirs of Jeannie Economos Alternative Title Oral History, Economos Subject Lake Apopka (Fla.) Apopka (Fla.) Migrant labor Agriculture--Florida Description An oral history interview of Jeannie Economos, the Pesticide Safety and Environmental Health Project Coordinator at the Farmworker Association of Florida (FAF), who also worked as Lake Apopka Project Coordinator for the FAF, as well as for non-profit organizations such as the Audubon Society and Save the Manatee Club. The interview was conducted by Jared Muha at the FAF in Apopka on December 10, 2014. Topics discussed in the interview include a summary of her career, the Lake Apopka Project versus the Lake Apopka Restoration Act of 1996, the Farmworker Association of Florida, pesticide health and safety, common environmental challenges facing farmworkers, the necessity of farmworkers, the evolution of farmworkers, African-American farmworkers in Apopka, the shutdown of Lake Apopka, effects of the shutdown on African-American farmworkers, the influx of Hispanic farmworkers, and the future of farm labor in the United States. Table Of Contents 0:00:00 Introduction 0:01:16 Lake Apopka Project and the Lake Apopka Restoration Act of 1996 0:02:52 Farmworker Association of Florida 0:04:57 Pesticide health and safety 0:06:01 Common environmental challenges facing farmworkers 0:08:48 Necessity and evolution of the FAF 0:13:15 Ethnic makeup and race relations among farmworkers in Apopka 0:24:47 Shutdown of Lake Apopka 0:32:18 Replacing African-American workers with Hispanic workers 0:38:32 Remembering farmworkers 0:46:45 The future of farm labor 0:50:59 Closing remarks Abstract Oral history interview of Jeannie Economos. Interview conducted by Jared Muha in Apopka, Florida, on December 10, 2014. Type Sound Source Economos, Jeannie. Interviewed by Jared Muha, December 10, 2014. Audio record available. <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>, Orlando, Florida. Requires Multimedia software, such as <a href="http://www.apple.com/quicktime/download/" target="_blank"> QuickTime</a>. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/collections/show/53" target="_blank">Apopka Collection</a>, Orange County Collection, RICHES. Has Format Digital transcript of original 54-minute and 55-second oral history: Economos, Jeannie. Interviewed by Jared Muha. Audio record available. <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"> RICHES</a>, Orlando, Florida. Coverage Farmworker Association of Florida, Apopka, Florida Hawthorne Village, Apopka, Florida Lake Apopka, Florida Creator Economos, Jeannie Muha, Jared Publisher <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"> RICHES</a> Contributor Cravero, Geoffrey Date Created 2014-12-10 Date Copyrighted 2014-12-10 Format audio/mp3 application/pdf Extent 50.2 MB Medium 54-minute and 55-second audio recording 24-page digital transcript Language eng Mediator History Teacher Civics/ Government Teacher Economics Teacher Provenance Originally created by Jeannie Economos and Jared Muha, and transcribed by Geoffrey Cravero. Rights Holder <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"> RICHES</a> Accrual Method Donation Curator Cravero, Geoffrey Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank"> RICHES MI</a> External Reference Palm, Matthew P. "<a href="http://www.orlandosentinel.com/health/os-last-harvest-crealde-school-20140819-story.html" target="_blank">Crealde School's 'Last Harvest' exhibit in Winter Garden</a>." The Orlando Sentinel, August 20, 2014. Accessed June 13, 2016. http://www.orlandosentinel.com/health/os-last-harvest-crealde-school-20140819-story.html. Ailworth, Erin. "<a href="http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2007-01-18/news/MHAWTHORNE18_1_lonnie-jackson-hawthorne-south-apopka" target="_blank">Displaced from Hawthorne Village, families struggle to weave new lives</a>." The Orlando Sentinel, January 18, 2007. Accessed June 13, 2016. http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2007-01-18/news/MHAWTHORNE18_1_lonnie-jackson-hawthorne-south-apopka. Wilson, Becky. "<a href="http://www.gainesvilleiguana.org/2015/articles/linda-lee-a-voice-for-lake-apopka-farmworkers/" target="_blank">Linda Lee: A Voice for Lake Apopka Farmworkers</a>." The Gainesville Iguana, October 15, 2015. Accessed June 13, 2016. Slongwhite, Dale Finley, and Jeannie Economos. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/857802909" target="_blank">Fed Up: The High Costs of Cheap Food</a>. 2014. Comas, Martin E. "<a href="http://www.orlandosentinel.com/health/os-apopka-farmworkers-lupus-20150918-story.html" target="_blank">Sick Apopka farmworkers hope for major study of their illnesses</a>." The Orlando Sentinel, September 19, 2015. Accessed May 25 ,2016. http://www.orlandosentinel.com/health/os-apopka-farmworkers-lupus-20150918-story.html. Giagnoni, Silvia. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/715188868" target="_blank">Fields of Resistance The Struggle of Florida's Farmworkers for Justice</a>. Chicago, Ill: Haymarket Books, 2011. Rothenberg, Daniel. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/38475492" target="_blank">With These Hands: The Hidden World of Migrant Farmworkers Today</a>. New York: Harcourt Brace & Co, 1998. McCauley, Linda A., Michael R. Lasarev, Gregory Higgins, Joan Rothlein, Juan Muniz, Caren Ebbert, and Jackie Phillips. "<a href="http://resolver.flvc.org/ucf?sid=google&auinit=LA&aulast=McCauley&atitle=Work+characteristics+and+pesticide+exposures+among+migrant+agricultural+families:+a+community-based+research+approach.&id=pmid:11401767" target="_blank">Work Characteristics and Pesticide Exposures among Migrant Agricultural Families: A Community-Based Research Approach</a>." Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 109, No. 5. (May, 2001): 533-538. Das, Rupali, Andrea Steege, Sherry Baron, John Beckman, and Robert Harrison. "<a href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1179/107735201800339272" target="_blank">Pesticide-related Illness among Migrant Farm Workers in the United States</a>." International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health, Vol. 7, Issue 4 (2001): 303-312. Transcript Muha This is Jared Muha on December 10th, 2014, with Jeannie Economos at the Farmworker Association of Florida. So, Jeannie, uh, do you wanna start by, uh, telling us who you are and a little bit about yourself? Economos Sure, my name is Jeannie Economos. I, um, am the Pesticide Safety and Environmental Health Project Coordinator here at the Farmworker Association of Florida. I’ve been in this position since 2007. Um, I came back to work at the Farmworker Association in 2006, um, and in 2006, I was working on immigration issues, um, but prior to that, from, um, 1996 until 2001, I worked at the farmworker association as the Lake Apopka Project Coordinator, um, and prior to that, um, I’ve spent the last—since—well, the last 30 years, um, working for non-profit organizations on everything from the Audubon Society and Save the Manatee Club, um, to the farmworker association and the botanical gardens, but my passion is environmental justice and social justice, and I—and I worked on Indian rights issues, uh, for a while also, as a volunteer. Muha Great, thank you. Economos Mmhmm. Muha Um, I—I heard you mention the Lake Apopka w—w—can you say that one more time? The Lake Apopka Project? Economos Well, um, it—we didn’t have an official name, but, um, when I began in 1996—um, that was before the farms closed on Lake Apopka—when the State of Florida passed the, uh, Lake Apopka Restoration Act of 1996, which was, um, the, um—the legislation that gave the [St. Johns River] Water Management District the authority to buy out the farms on the north shore of Lake Apopka. So the farmworker association began work on trying to address the issues of the farmworkers related to this proposed buyout. Initially, we actually tried to stop the State [of Florida] from—before the legislation was passed, we tried to stop the state from buying the farmland, and tried to, um, get a coalition of groups together to, uh, support sustainable agriculture instead. That didn’t work. Um, the state bought out the farms, um, and so, from ‘96 to ‘98, we tried to get programs for the farmworkers, um, and then after the farms closed, we were doing, um, disaster control—trying to get housing and food for people—before we learned about the serious contamination and health issues. Um, so—um, so—yeah—so I was the Lake Apopka Project Coordinator from ’96 to 2001. Muha Great, thank you. Economos Mmhmm. Muha Okay, um, so I’d like to start by just asking about, um, farmworker association much more broadly. Economos Mmhmm. Muha Um, so can you just tell us broadly what the Farmworker Association of Florida is and what it does? Economos Well, it would take a long time to tell you everything that we do. Um, we were founded in 1983, uh, incorporated in 1986, expanded statewide in 1992. Um, we do a lot of things. I guess our two main focuses over the past, um, 30 years, um, have been immigrants’ rights and, um, pesticide health and safety. Um, we do lots of other things, too, which would take a long time to say, including things like wage theft, disaster, um, education and response, um, civic participation, um, housing. We did housing for a while, but, basically, I think the best way to describe our organization is that we are very grassroots. Um, our Board of Directors are[sic] almost all current or former farmworkers. The head of the organization is a former farmworker. We have leadership committees of farmworkers in each of the areas where we have an office, and we’re—we really feel that we are run by the grassroots. We are not top-down, we’re bottom-up. Um, even though we work on, uh, individual, local, state, regional, national, and international issues, we’re really driven by our base, which is—are—which are the farmworkers in each of the areas, and I think that’s the beauty of our organization. That’s why—one of the things that I feel so strongly about is that we are a really, um, you know—we—we—we offer services to farmworkers, like we help people fill out food stamp applications and unemployment. So we do help people on an individual level, but we’re not a service organization. Our—our—our goals are to change policy and empower farmworkers to become agents of social change. Muha Oh[?]. Economos Mmhmm. Muha And—and you mentioned earlier that your role has been in pesticide health and safety. Economos Yes, yes. Muha Mmhmm. Economos Um, and so that entails a lot… Muha [clears throat]. Economos Of different things. Um, it—we—we have a training for farmworkers to train them about pesticide health and safety, um, and we train a minimum of 500 farmworkers every year in Florida, um, and that—we have five offices in the state, so that’s about a hundred workers in each area. Um, we also train healthcare providers on how to identify, treat, diagnose, and report pesticide-related illnesses. We file complaints when there are violations of regulations in the workplace, um, and we work on pesticide policy issues. We try and[sic] change pesticide policy at the state level and at the national level, and—and we work internationally too with Pesticide Action Network. Um, so I could go on, but that’s [laughs]—gives you a little overview of it. Muha Great. Well, thank you. Economos Mmhmm. Muha Um, so—and—and I know this—this might be a challenging one to—to do briefly, but do it in whatever length you’d like. Um, so can you speak to, um, you know, environmental harms that farmworkers are—are commonly exposed, uh, to and—and—and why that’s important? Economos Um, a lot of farmworker organizations—well, first of all, there aren’t many farmworker organizations, but the ones that do exist, um, are often times focused on wages, um, because farmworkers are low on the totem pole. They get very poor wages, um, and some of them are focused on other kinds [sic]—kinds of abuse, like labor camps and things like that, um, but, uh, um, pesticides are really harmful to farmworkers’ health, and scientific studies over the past seven to eight years have increasingly showed[sic] that pesticide exposure can harm the second generation and the third generation of farmworkers, and they can also have—in the past, um, farmworker organizations were focused on acute effects of pesticide exposure, like, um, you know, farmworkers in the field vomiting or—or passing out or whatever from pesticides, but we know more and more now about long term effects of pesticide exposure, um, and farmworkers standards. Um, they’re, um—they are, um, under the [Agricultural] Worker Protection Standard of the Environmental Protection Agency, and those standards are lower—less than the OSHA regulations that protect workers from chemicals[sic] exposures in other kinds of industries. So, um, it’s vitally important, because these people are making money for the owners of the industry. Whether they’re a small grower or a large grower, industry could not operate without the workers, and yet, the workers are risking their health and their lives and that of their families by being exposed to pesticides on a regular basis, and we should all care because we’re all human, but we should also all care because it affects our food and our environment, and what happens to the least of us happens to the—to all of us. So it’s, uh, critically important, um, and I could go on, but I won’t [laughs]. are the invisible ones. They are, um, treated like workhorses, not like people, um, andthey are not afforded the same protections—health and safety protections—that other workers are protected under OSHA1 standards. Um, they’re, um—they are, um,under the [Agricultural]Worker Protection Standard of the Environmental Protection Agency,and those standards are lower—less than the OSHA regulations that protect workers from chemicals[sic]exposures in other kinds of industries. So, um, it’s vitally important,because these people are making money for the owners of the industry. Whether they’re a small grower or a large grower, industry could not operate without the workers,and yet, the workers are risking their health and their lives and that of their families by being exposed to pesticides on a regular basis, and we should all care because we’re all human, but we should also all care because it affects our food and our environment, and what happens to the least of us happens to the—to all of us. So it’s, uh, critically important, um, and I could go on, but I won’t [laughs]. Muha Good, thank you. Um, so why do you think there’s a need for an organization like Farmworkers Association of Florida? Economos Um, well,let me just give you a little example. We do pesticide trainings, as I mentioned earlier, and we have five offices in the state, so we tend to work with farmworkers in the counties in the areas where we have offices. A few years ago,we ended—started going to different areas, like Wimauma and Wahneta and Winter Haven, where there’s farmworker populations—migrants—and there is no farmworker organization there as a support for them, and when we have gone and done pesticide trainings in those areas,we’ve seen a huge difference. The level of education of the—of—or—or knowledge—not education—the level of knowledge of the workers of their rights and about pesticide exposure is much less, and we have gone and done trainings in areas where there was no farmworker organization presence,and the people have begged us—after an hour and a half or two hour training, they’ve begged us not to leave. They’ve begged us to come back, and, to me, that says it all, because even if we don’t touch farmworkers directly—for example, here in the Apopka area—even if we don’t touch them directly, what we are doing here, by osmosis, gets out into the broader community, and it raises people’s level of understanding of their rights, it raises their understanding of the risks in their workplace, um, and people know that they can come here for things like help with wage theft and things like that.So, um, not only do I feel that, you know—I see what—what we do here every day, but also, having gone to these other areas and seen the difference in the level of, um, information that the people have. It’s really been a stark contrast. So that to me justis—says it all. Muha Well, thank you. Economos Mmhmm. Muha So you mentioned that, um, Farmworkers Association was founded in—in 1983. Uh, can you speak to—and I know you’ve—you’ve been involved since the ‘90s—but can you speak to how you think it’s changed since its founding? Economos Yeah, um… Muha [clears throat]. Economos I mean, we have expanded, um, statewide. I think one of the biggest things—I mean, we—lots of things have changed, but I think one of the biggest things that, um, I’ve seen change is our, um, deeper connection to, understanding of, and action on a global level—an international level. So, um, while we continue to be very grassroots, we work in coalition with groups like Pesticide Action Network International, La Via Campesina, uh, Domestic Fair Trade Association, and other organizations like that, um, that, um, make us, um, connect what we’re doing at the local level to much bigger, broader global, um, trends, policies, um, actions, um, multinational corporations and how they’re affecting things at the local level. So I think we’re much more involved in that, and I think that helps, uh, eh, reinforce what we’re doing locally, but also, um, moves us to a different level where we can, eh, rather than just trying to get a—a particular nursery or farm to pay their workers better or to, you know, um, stop using or—or exposing their workers, we’re looking at it on a much more global level. That it’s systemic—not just systemic in the United States, but systemic globally, because of transnational corporations and how they’re affecting governments, and, you know, international trade agreements. So I think that that’s really significant and that helps inform the work that we do locally by having that big, broad national perspective and working in coalitions, uh, nationally and internationally. Muha Okay, great. Thank you. Um, so having spoken now for, uh, about 13 and half minutes, um, I haven’t yet, uh, heard about, um, farmworkers’ role in—in black community—and bl—black farmworkers. So I’d like to ask about that if you don’t mind. Economos Mmhmm. Muha Um, so what has been your role, um, in the lives of former black farmworkers in Apopka? Economos Well, um, we, eh—we used to have, um, an African-American, um, organizer with the farmworker association, um, and for two reasons—one, we no longer had funding for the Lake Apopka Project, um, and also, the African-American organizer that we had became very sick. We don’t have an African-American organizer in our organization right now, um, but because I’ve been working with the farmworker community on Lake Apopka since 1996, even though I was gone for a few years and came back, um, you know, I—and since Lake Apopka is my passion, I have become the African-American farmworker organizer for the farmworker association, and, um, th—uh, the people know me and we have a long-term relationship and the African Americans in this community, um, know that—they trust me I hope—I think. I like to believe that they do, um, and, um—and they know that, um, I really care about them on an individual level, but I care about the cause too. Maybe I should start by saying that, um, when the farms on Lake Apopka were operating, um, there were, um, mostly Haitian, Hispanic, and African-American farmworkers. I know I might be jumping ahead on your questions, but, um—but, um—and, uh—when—by the time the farms closed in 1998, the majority of farmworkers on Lake Apopka, at that time, were Hispanic. Uh, the Haitians that worked on Lake Apopka were mostly migrants that would come up from South Florida, harvest corn, and then travel the seasons. Um, there were some Haitians that were more permanent, or seasonal residents here, but a lot of the Haitians that worked on the farms were migrant. Um, a lot of the Hispanics were seasonal, so they were here eight, nine, ten months out of the year. Some of them were here permanently all year-round, because Lake Apopka had such a long growing season, okay? Um, the African- American community was older, uh, in general, um, on Lake Apopka and smaller, um, in—in—in—in terms of numbers, um, and because a lot of them were older, a lot of them worked in the packing houses. Um, even though some of them still worked out in the fields, a lot of the older women worked in the packing houses, so they could sit during the day and help grade—you know, grade the—the product as it came through. Um, so when the farms closed on Lake Apopka, a lot of the Hispanics were absorbed—were younger, uh, in general. This is, you know, a generalization. Um, a lot of them were either able to move to other areas to work or they were absorbed in other kinds of industries, like the nursery industry or construction or laying sod, but the African Americans, because they were older, um, because they didn’t know anything else but farm work, um, they pretty much, um, got left behind, and so, um, when I came back, um, after being gone for several years, um, I wanted to make sure that the Lake Apopka story didn’t get lost, and so I began working with mostly the African-American farmworker community to keep the Lake Apopka story alive. Most of the Hispanics, um, again, were not, um, um, as interested in continuing the Lake Apop—there were a few. Um, uh, a couple of them moved away, um, but the African Americans really feel like their story needs to be told, because today, if you talk to people about farmworkers, you know—there’s other farmworker organization that seem to be all focused on Hispanic farmworkers. If you talked—if you talk to people about farmworkers, they think, Oh, Hispanics, Mexicans, okay? Well the African Americans feel upset about that, okay? Because they say, “Wait a minute. We’re farmworkers. We were farmworkers here before the Hispanics were here,” and this is not to be, you know—to—to, uh—to pit—to pit the races against each other by any means. It’s just that that that history needs to be captured and not lost, and I know that the farm—the African-American farmworkers that I work with feel very strongly about that, um. Because I feel like I work for them, I feel very strongly about that, um, and because what I have read, not that I’m the most well-read person in the world, but, um, I haven’t seen anything in Florida history. I’ve seen like—like, um, peripheral references in other books, like you’ll read books about, you know, uh, discrimination against blacks in Florida… Muha [clears throat]. Economos And there might be a reference to, um, oh, um, “It—it happened in an orange grove,” or, oh, um, “and he was an orange picker,” but I have not seen anything that has really talked about, specifically, the role of African-American farmworkers in Florida history. I haven’t seen it anywhere. I don’t know. Did I answer your question? I kind of… Muha Absolutely. Economos Okay. Muha Not a problem. Well, so you said a few things that I—I want to pick up on later, if you don’t mind, um—or expand on later, um, and I’ll—I’ll ask about that, um, but I—I would like to, um—to—to return to—to your role, um, within black farmworker communities, um, and then I’ll—I’ll—I’ll come back to—to s—a few things you mentioned, uh, about memorialization of—of, um, black farm labor in Florida and, um, some perspectives and what have you. Um, so, um, you mentioned that you’re currently the person that acts as like, um, a liaison between the farmworker association and—and former black farmworkers. Um, so I’d like to know—I mean, it—is—is that—well, so—so is your work then centered around, um, their lives as it pertains to employment or their role in the community? Or, like, what—what do—what do you do, um, with them? Economos Well first of all, I wouldn’t use the word “liaison.” Muha Oh. Economos Because, um, we actually—it can—we have, um, what we call “leadership committees,” and so, um, because our—our office in Apopka has a Hispanic, a Haitian… Muha [clears throat]. Economos And a[sic] African-American leadership committee, s o I call the—the African Americans that I work with mostly, um, are key people—are leadership committee. So they’re actually part of the organization. Muha Okay. Economos Um, so, um, um, yeah, so I—I would put it in—in those kinds of terms. Um, uh—initially, um—well, we have tried everything over the years, in terms of the Lake Apopka farmworkers, um, and initially, it was not just African Americans, it was all the farmworkers. I—you know, we—we talked about trying to get class-action lawsuits to address the health issues of the farmworkers. That didn’t work. Um, we tried to get, um, funding, uh, from the National Institutes of Health to do, um, a[sic] scientific studies where we can actually test the blood of farmworkers, and that wasn’t just His—uh, African-American, but all Lake Apopka farmworkers—to look at, uh, levels of pesticides in their body to see if, you know—to—to identify that as a problem. That didn’t work. We’ve tried—we did a health survey, um, actually Geraldine [Matthew], an African-American farmworker who was a staff member here, did a survey in 2005 of about 150 mostly African-American farmworkers, ‘cause they were still here. That didn’t get any traction. So basically, what my position in—in—has evolved into, I guess, since everything else has not gotten anywhere, is to keep the legacy alive… Economos And to tell their stories. Muha [inaudible]. Economos Because I feel like that’s what they want, that’s what I want to see happen, that’s what they deserve. Muha Mmhmm. Economos So that’s kind of what my role has evolved into. Um, the book, Fed Up [: The High Costs of Cheap Food], that was published as way to keep those stories alive. Talking to you [laughs] is a way to do that too. Um, the quilts is[sic] a way to try and do that. Um, you know, um, hopefully, we’re gonna have an iTunes film, um, so those are some things that we’ve done, but kind of an answer to your question, um— most of the people that I work with are too old and too sick. They’re—I shouldn’t say “too old,” because Geraldine [Matthew] and Linda [Lee] are my age, you know, and I’m still working, but most of the people I work with are on disability [benefits]. Muha Mmhmm. Economos They’re not even—some of them are over 65, but a lot of them aren’t over 65, but they’re sick. So they—so it’s not in terms of trying to get anybody any jobs because they can’t work, and that says a lot to me, um, but, um—so it’s not in terms of getting jobs. um, it’s mostly to keep the legacy alive, but at the same time, you know, they’ve become friends. I’m close to ‘em. It’s personal, you know? So I do things like take food to Geraldine when she’s on dialysis and she doesn’t have anything to eat and she has nobody to help her, or I’ll—Um, so it’s a, you know—it’s a commitment, and it’s become personal. I care about ‘em. Linda has a problem with her—this county trying to—code enforcement trying to cite her house because of her roof. So we’re trying to help her, uh, get the right paperwork to get her roof fixed. So, um, I mean,it ends up, um, you know, for our community, and that’s what it’s all about is really feeling like a community, and that’s how you build trust, you know? Um, they call me on the weekends to see how I’m doing. I call them, you know? Its, uh—um, we took a field trip to St.Augustine because they had a—an exhibit on 500 years of African-American history in the United States. We were gonna take a field trip this weekend to the Harry T. Moore museum.2 Um, so it’s a, you know—it’s a commitment, and it’s become personal. I care about ‘em. Muha Thank you. Appreciate that. Economos Mmhmm. Muha [clears throat] So—and, again, I—I do—a lot of what you said I do want to ask about later. Um, but, um, just to—so I’m clear, um, most farmworkers, uh, or former farmworkers from your observation, if I understand correctly, um, you know, after—after the shutdown of Lake Apopka, what did they do?I mean,from your observation, it seems like you’re saying most of them didn’t return to—to any jobs or… Economos Well, so that’s a long story too.Right after the farms closed it’s a—I’ll try to do this short—um, th—there was a thing called the Jobs and Education Partnership and they set up this outreach thing for—I think it lasted a year and a half maybe—to try and do retraining of farmworkers, to try and offer them classes, to try and get them other jobs. Um, it was real mess. It was for all f—not just for African Americans. I mean, like—like part of it was English classes for Hispanics. Um, it was pretty unsuccessful. Some farmworkers, like Linda Lee’s sister,Margie, got a job at a nursery. This was before the [Great] Recession happened in the, you know—a few years ago.3 This was at the boom of building and construction and nurseries and stuff, So some of them did get other jobs for a period of time, but most of the African Americans—again, most of the Hispanics and Haitians were absorbed, so, um, they eventually settled out into something—most of them—a lot of them. Muha Mmhmm. Economos Most of the African Americans got left behind.Geraldine always talks about how, um, “I don’t know what happened, but after the farms closed, people started getting[phone rings]sick and started dying.” [phone rings] Economos And I know from I own experience, sometimes, you know, when you’re, you know… [phone rings] Economos If you’re not active, you know, you—you start to get depressed and you, you know—and people had this—they had to go to work every day and they probably didn’t have time to even think about their healthcare, but a—after the farms closed, a lot of people did start getting sick. A lot of them were sick beforehand, um, like Linda Lee had, you know, a kidney transplant beforehand. Some of them were absorbed for a little while in other jobs, but most of them were older and not in the best of health and didn’t last very long. Muha Hm. Economos Um, but some of them were already on disability. Muha Mmhmm. Economos Um, so, um, I don’t know of many that got jobs in farm work. Um, Magaline[sp] was smart. She got out early, before the farms closed, and got a job as a janitor in a school, and worked there up until about a year ago, um, but the ones that stayed in farm work, most of them, um, didn’t know anything else, um, didn’t really get plugged into anything else in terms of a job and/or, you know, were sick and really couldn’t—couldn’t get out there in the world, but had serious health problems. So, yeah. Muha Thank you. Um, so, okay—so what I’d like to ask, um—right. Okay, so I’d like to ask, um—and this might be a—a difficult question to—to answer, but, I mean, so, since the—the shutdown of m—most Lake Apopka farms, w—what has been the most dramatic change that you’ve noticed in the lives of—of the former farmworkers who are black? Economos Um, I think—well, uh, I think that there’s been a little bit of—there’s been a little bit of dissolution of community. So, um—for example, um, the African-American community in this area are [sic] not what you would traditionally think of, because they are very settled here. Um, there might be two or three or four generations. A lot of them might have come here—their parents or grandparents might have come here in the ’30s and ‘40s. Well, probably I should say ‘40s, because that’s when the farms started on Lake Apopka, okay? And so, w—they—whereas the Hispanics came later, like in the ‘60s and then again a wave in the ‘80s, um, the African Americans were here much longer. Um, there was some public housing, subsidized housing, USDA4 housing for farmworkers. It was called Hawthorne Village. When the farms closed on Lake Apopka—you could only live there if you had so much of your income from farm work. That included nurseries, okay? When the farms closed on Lake Apopka, the African Americans that lived in Hawthorne Village, like Louisee [sp] and other people, uh, Angela Tanner, they were no longer working in farms, so they couldn’t, um, record that… Muha [clears throat]. Economos “I get this much money from farm work.” They couldn’t live there anymore. They had to go find someplace else to live. Some of them had to go find rental housing, and it wasn’t subsidized, so it was too much money for ‘em. Um, some of them had to go live with family members. Then they finally closed down Hawthorne Village completely. They tore it down, ‘cause [sic] it was in bad shape. Those African-American f—farm—former farmworkers ended up having to go to Lake City, so, some—so, it—it did affect some of the—a little bit—there’s still quite a bit of community cohesion, okay? ‘Cause [sic] some people like Linda and Geraldine and Betty and Irma are, you know—own their own homes, okay? But it did separate some families because of that. So some families had to leave the area, um, because of the housing issues. Some of the younger ones—because there was no more work here—did have to leave and find work other places. So it did affect the community, in that sense, and then, it also affected the community because I think when people weren’t working, again, you have issues of, you know, people being depressed because they can’t work, financial problems because they’re not working. Um, some people were sick, but they just kept working, and then they had to try to get on disability, and if they were under 60, they had to wait two or three years. Oh, it was terrible. Some of them had to wait—uh, you know, in the meantime, while you’re waiting to get on disability, even though you’re on, you know—you have all kinds of health problems. Um, how do you survive in the meantime, you know? You’re not old enough to get Social Security, you know, you’re not well enough to work, so you’re in this limbo. How—so it did cause a lot of financial problems for people. Like I said, when the farms first closed on Lake Apopka, we weren’t thinking about health then. We were just thinking about trying to get people, you know, housing and jobs and food and furniture and a place, you know, uh—just real immediate needs. Muha Yeah. Economos Um, so, yeah, but long term, I think, uh, the health issue is the biggest—biggest thing. Muha Okay, thank you. Economos Mmhmm. Muha Appreciate that. Economos Mmhmm. Muha Um, okay, and so—so—and—okay. So next one I’d like to ask—I mean, you mentioned a couple times a difference between, um [phone rings] Muha How the shutdown affected… [phone rings] Muha Hispanic farmworkers and how it affected black farmworkers in—in Florida. So I’d like to ask [phone rings] Muha A little bit about, I guess, a shift that occurred, um, on farms in—in Florida and—and specifically in Apopka, um, and—and what you mentioned, you said that there were, uh, waves of—of Hispanic immigrants in the ‘60s and ‘80s, as… Economos Mmhmm. Muha As you perceived it. Economos Right. Mmhmm, mmhmm. Muha Um, so the thing[?] that I’d like to ask—so why do you—why do you think that—that that shift took place, eh, eh, from—in our opinion. Um, was it growers’ preferencing [sic] Hispanic farmworkers? What do you think… Economos Well, I think… Muha The reason… Economos It was several things. Um, one is I think the Civil Rights Act—the passage of the Civil Rights Act in 1964 was one influence, because, um, after that, um, blacks had more opportunities to, um, get out of farm work and get into other kinds of jobs, um, and the younger generation of, uh, African Americans—this next generation—wasn’t, um, subject to the same Jim Crow—not that it didn’t still happen, especially in Apopka, um—but, legally, it wasn’t supposed to happen. So the second generation, um—whereas for example—I’m jumping around—but, like, um, Linda’s parents—Linda’s grandparents were farmworkers, Linda’s parents were farmworkers, and she was a farmworker. Well, her kids didn’t have to be farmworkers. They were born after the Civil Rights Act was passed, okay? Same thing with Geraldine, same thing with Betty, you know? Their next generation, um, didn’t have to—they had more options than, um, the previous generation. So the Civil Rights Act was one thing. The end of the Bracero Program was another thing, okay? Um, so when the Bracero Program ended, um—well, that was mostly in—that was here too, but the end of the Bracero Program, um—which brought, um, Hispanics into the United States—okay, it ended, but then the growers had an opportunity to go and get, uh, thr—without the Bracero Program to go and get cheaper labor from, you know, Mexico and bring them here to work, okay? And then, I think conditions in Mexico, um—people, you know—workers coming from Mexico, I think, um, you know, the—well, in the ‘90s, NAFTA5 made a big difference too. There was an influx of, um, farmworkers from Mexico after NAFTA, but in the ‘60s and the ‘80s, it was conditions in Mexico, it was the end of the Bracero Program, but I think it was just, you know, demographic changes. A lot of African-American farmworkers were getting older and moving out, and Linda will tell you a story about how, you know, it was mostly African-American farmworkers. She remembers one day going out to the orange groves. They would get up every morning, go to the orange groves, pick oranges, and then take the bus—you know, the crew bus back home. She said one day, they went out to the grove and there was a—as she says, a Mexican f—family there that had slept there all night long, okay? Well, the African-American farmworkers were upset, because the Hispanics that were there—and this is, you know—this is how the industry ends up causing racial divide. The Hispanics that were there all night long could pick earlier in the morning. They could stay and pick later at night, and when you’re being paid by the piece, you know, you’re not getting paid by the hour, they were able to make more money, okay? So, um, you know, people from Mexico saw econom—economic opportunity here and they started coming here, and they kind of, you know—the—the—it—there became that clash of—and the Hispanics would work cheaper, and—and sometimes they would work faster, and part of that was because a lot—some of the African Americans were beginning to know what their rights were, um, and some of them would stand up for their rights. Whereas, the—a lot of time the Hispanics didn’t know they even had any rights, and they would put up with more abuse, and that’s—again, that’s kind of a generalization, you know? Um, but, um, G— Geral—Geraldine would s—says sometimes, you know, “Oh, I felt sorry for the Hispanics, because they would come here—s—some stuff that we wouldn’t put up with, you know, they would come and they would—they would take it.” So I think there’s [sic] lots of different factors, but I think those are some of them. Muha Mmhmm. Economos Yeah. Muha And then, from your observation, uh, what do you think the perception on that question of—of black farmworkers is? What do you think—do you think they would say the same? Economos Well that’s—like I said, a lot of that’s stuff that I’ve heard. In terms of the Civil Rights Act, that’s my perception and th—things I’ve read too, um, but in terms of some of the other things, I mean, I—I hear that directly from them, you know? That they—they have said that. That, you know—that, um, the Hispanic workers would work longer hours, they would put up with more abuse, um, sometimes they would work faster. Again, if you have—especially after the 1960s, um, if you have an aging African-American population, they might not harvest as fast. Whereas, the Hispanics coming in are younger, um, you know, and they would work faster. If you see the—and now it’s not even Mexicans as much as it is Gua—uh, you know, Guatemalans and Salvadorans. the training that we here—had here last night for the farmworker women, they were all young and they were from Guatemala, um, and they were all—I would say—20s, um, early 30s. They were young and they were all farmworkers. So, you know, I think that had a—is a factor too. Muha [clears throat]. Muha Great, um, and—and then, um—following that question, um, in your experiences with former farmworkers in Apopka today, I mean, what—what stands out, uh, to you about their perspec—perspectives on farm labor? Um, given that most of them are now former farmworkers. Most of their children aren’t farmworkers. Um, what do you notice about their perspectives? Economos Well, I think they’re all very proud of it. Um, there are some, like Mary Tinsley, who will say, uh, “Oh, I—I used to pick oranges when I was a teenager and I never, ever wanted to do it again, so I decided to go to college and never do it again,” you know, um, but, um, her mom is proud of the work she did, you know? Betty Woods, who died last year, um, said that she loved it. She loved being a farmworker. Geraldine—she’ll say, “We fed the world.” Um, I love Geraldine. She’s so powerful, um, and they’re—they’re proud of what they did, um, and they should be. They deserve to be proud of what they did, um, and, um—and I think the ones that I—I work with, of course, probably have a higher consciousness about all of these issues, because they have been working on this, and, you know, um… [phone rings] Economos And have been connected with the farmworker association. We, you know, do do consciousness raising stuff, but even… [phone rings] Economos When we go down to Indiantown, and the farmworkers there—the African Americans there—I think they’re proud of what they’ve done… [phone rings] Economos And their contribution. Um, some of them love it. Geraldine’s really proud that she was the fastest corn packer [laughs], you know, and it was kind of competitive. Um, Linda’s proud that her father was a crew leader and he was a good crew leader… Muha Mmhmm. Economos And he treated his people well and—and, um, they have all kinds of stories. You could listen to them for hours and days and months and never get all the stories that they have, and it’s a very rich, uh, history, which is why I think it’s so important to capture that, because it’s just very, very rich, both in terms of good and bad. Um, you know, it’s—we—we talk about the discrimination against the blacks in Florida, the country, um, but… [phone rings] Economos What was it like to be black and a farmworker? Kind of the—the… [phone rings] Economos And I hate to put it like this, but how society looks at it is like the… [phone rings] Economos Lowest rung on the totem pole in terms of, you know, the type of job that you do. Um… [phone rings] Economos So I think that that’s a really super rich history, and, um… [phone rings] Economos They have stories talking about being on the mule train and them laughing and… [phone rings] Economos And singing slave songs to get them through the day, um, and it’s just very, very, uh, rich, cultural history, um, and they talk about their interactions with the Hispanics and the Haitians, um, and some of it’s good and some of it’s bad, you know? Um, and—and, uh, um, so, yeah—I forgot what the original question was [laughs]. Muha No, you did great. Well, the original question was about farm—farmworker perspecti—or black farmworker perspectives… Economos Oh, yeah. Muha Today and what stands out to you. Economos Yeah, yeah. Muha So if there’s anything else you wanted to add… Economos Um, well, I—I, a—again, what stands out to me, because of the people I work with is that they feel very strongly that they want to be remembered. Yeah. Muha Well, I wanted to ask you about that because, uh, throughout this—this interview, a few times you’ve mentioned the importance of, um—of history and—and being remembered, um, so—so, yeah, I mean, and—and you’ve mentioned, uh, the quilt, which—which was Linda’s project… Economos Hm, yeah. Muha Um… Economos Well, every—it—Linda did the most of it… Muha Okay. Economos It was everybo—I don’t want to—yeah. Muha Okay. Economos Yeah, it was everybody’s pro—it was a project of the farmworker association. Linda was the one that really did most of the quilt squares, but everybody was involved… Muha Great. Economos So… Muha Well, if I understand, she was l—like the—I—I don’t—I… Economos [laughs]. Muha Perhaps the leader of it? Or… Economos She and Sara [Downs]—Sara. Muha Okay. Economos Together were—yeah. If it weren’t for—they—they were the two that really drove it forward. So, yeah. Muha Okay. Economos Yeah. Muha Well, so… Economos Mmhmm. Muha But I—I wanted to ask you, I mean, you know, it seems i—if I—if I understand correct[sic] I, uh—I mean, has—do you think the history of—of black farm labor has been remembered in Apopka? Economos No, I don’t. I don’t. I—no. If you go to the, uh, uh, Museum of the Apopkans over here, um, there’s almost nothing in there about African Americans at all, much less African-American farmworkers. They finally did—actually, I need to—they finally did invite us to bring the quilts there during, uh, Black History Month. That was nice of ‘em, um, finally, um, but, um, uh, there’s almost nothing about bla—the, um—if you go to Winter Garden—because I don’t want it to sound like it’s just Apopka, ‘cause[sic] it’s the whole—Lake Apopka is really big, so there’s farmworkers f—that worked on Lake Apopka that were from Zellwood and Eustis and Mount Dora and Astatula and, um, Winter Garden. Winter Garden—there’s a big African-American community there. Linda’s sister lived in Winter Garden. Um, I used to go ride my bike in Winter Garden, and they have a big mural on the side of one of the main buildings in Winter Garden of citrus, and it’s a white guy picking oranges, um, and I’m like, No. [laughs] It probably wasn’t a white guy picking oranges, and, um, you know, and you go to Winter Garden and there’s almost nothing about, um—I think it’s a little bit better over the last couple of years. Um, Winter Garden just had “The Last Harvest[: A History and Tribute to the Life and Work of the Farmworkers on Lake Apopka”] exhibit there and I didn’t even get to go see it, um, but, uh, it’s virtually—no. It’s—it‘s—it’s hidden. It’s deliberate. If you go to, um, Oakland Nature Preserve, um, that was started by Friends of Lake Apopka, there is nothing there about farmworkers at all. If you go to Magnolia Park and the boat ramp and you see the sign there about the history of Lake Apopka, there is nothing there about farmworkers or African Americans in the community. So, no, I think it’s not there and I think it’s deliberate. Yeah. Muha And—and you’ve noticed that you—you—you think it’s important to the farmworkers in Apopka and—and those who worked on Lake Apopka that they be remembered. Economos Absolutely, and—and they have talked about—I mean, the quilts are great, and the book is great, and we’re—I think everybody’s happy to have both of those things, um, have happened, but, um, I think—some of them have told me that they would like to see a memorial in the city of—that—that—sanctioned by—because the book and the quilt and “The Last Harvest”—that was the farmworker association doing that. Nobody outside—I mean, Dale [Finley Slongwhite] is outside the fa—you know, but nobody outside the farmworker association. What are they doing? It’s all been driven by, you know, the farmworker association. Who else out there has made a concerted effort… Muha Mmhmm. Economos To do anything to remember the farmworker association? You are, but, I mean, who else is really doing anything to recognize farmworkers at all here—much less African-American farmworkers in this community? So no, I don’t think it’s remembered, um, and I think it’s deliberate. Muha Well, thank you, um, and then, as—as my last question, I—I wanted to ask you, um, if you had any thoughts on, uh, the future of farm labor in—in Florida, and perhaps, uh, more broadly in the United States or the South. Economos That’s a really good question, because, um—that’s a really big question, because, um, you know, there’s continuing competition from globalization, um, the recession has affected the… Muha [clears throat]. Economos Nursery industry in Florida, um, imports of tomatoes from Mexico has a—affected the tomato industry in Florida, the drought is affecting the nut industry in California, as well as other kinds of crops. Um, so lots of different factors are affecting, um, agriculture in the United States. Um, subsidies for commodity crops, like, um, corn, soy, and wheat are affecting—they, eh—it just blows my mind that they call fruits and vegetables “specialty crops.” That just is mind-boggling to me, you know? tomatoes are a specialty crop. Corn is not a specialty crop. Gen—genetically-modified corn is not a specialty crop, but, you know, your healthy carrots are. Um, so specialty crops are at risk, um, because of the huge agribusiness farms. Um, so I think that there is a real danger of, um—or threat to agriculture in the United States. The global, you know—forces of globalization around the world, um—I do take hope from the food movement, um, where a lot of, um, people are, um, wanting healthy, organic, local, sustainable food, even though it might not be fair trade food, um, for workers, but a lot of, um, small, independent farms are starting up at a very small scale, but poor people can’t afford to buy that. I can’t afford [laughs] to buy that, um, produce. Um, so you’re still going to have your big grocery store chains, you’re still going to have, um, you know, your, um, need for cheap food. So I do think it’s a really big concern where—and I think farmers know that. The writing is on the wall for some of them. Um, tomatoes, you know, the—tomatoes are a big issue in Florida. Um, the tomato industry in Florida wants to continue growing tomatoes the way they’re growing them, which is picking them early and—and, um, then treating them with methyl bromide to ripen them, whereas Mexico is growing vine-ripe tomatoes and that they’re shipping here, and people want those more. So, um, if agriculture, um, diminishes—and we’ve already seen that on a small scale in Apopka. The recession, um, put a lot of farmworkers out of work in Florida. Um, nurseries went under. Miguel estimated about 50 percent of the nurseries. I don’t know if that’s accurate or not, but quite a few nurseries, um, closed, which put a lot of workers out of work. Immigration policies have affected agriculture. A lot of workers, um, are afraid to travel, um, the seasons like they used to, because of immigration policies in other states, um, like Georgia and Alabama that might be really horrible. Um, immigration policies have affected migration into the United States, which has affected how many people come here to be farmworkers. So, um, there’s lots of different forces at play here, and, uh, I’m not real[sic] good at forecasting the future, but I think we have some real issues that—that are gonna come up, um, and I think we’re gonna end up seeing a lot more imported food and a loss—lot less work for farmworkers. So… Muha Good, okay. Well, um, as far as my questions, that’s all. Um, was there anything you wanted to add or say before I stop the recording? Economos Um, I just want to say that I think—I think there’s a real place and a real need in Florida history to document the role of African-American farmworkers. I mean, I—I kind of said that already several times, but, um, I want to say it kind of in a different way now, because I think it’s important to put African-American farmworkers—not just to remember that they were here and they had lives, but to really look at that in terms of the economic development of Florida. That—you know, we hear about, um, [Henry] Flagler and the railroad and other people in, you know, uh, uh, major, uh—who I can’t think of right now—major people in Florida history who, you know, created the development of Florida, but none of that could happen, okay? A lot of that was based on—a lot of the economy in Florida was driven by agriculture, okay? And the railroad and all these other things—where part of it was to move agricultural products, part of it was to bring people down here to start orange groves and vegetable fields, and none of that could have happened without African-American farmworkers, and I think it’s really crucial not only to remember the lives of the farmworkers here, but to put them in some kind of really profound historical context, um, in the—in Florida’s history, you know? Even, um, Patrick [D.] Smith, who wrote that book, Angel City [: A Novel], okay? The main characters in that book where white farmworkers that came down from Tennessee or Kentucky or something like that, um, and the peripheral characters in the book were African American, okay? I—it’s really vitally important to see how—there’s even more about, um, the Indians—the native Indians in Florida and what happened to them then there are[sic] about African Americans historically in Florida as part of the development and what caused the economy to grow in the state, and I also think—one more thing I think is crucially important is to—to demonstrate or to understand that African-American farmworkers, in Florida and other parts of the South, have a direct line to slavery, and I think that that thread needs to be pulled through, um, because the conditions that farmworkers experienced and continue to experience, but, again, it was—e—e—even before Lake Apopka, you go back into the ‘20s and ‘30s and ‘40s before Lake Apopka, you know, that—it was still the legacy of slavery. So I think somehow that thread needs to be woven through all of this, um, because I don’t think you can look at—at—at it in a—in a vacuum without bringing—bringing that in, and how the conditions on the farms were related to, um—how con—plantation conditions and slavery in the United States. So… Muha Okay. Well, thank you so much. Um, this… Economos Thank you. Muha Has been—oh, absolutely [laughs]. This has been Jared Muha with Jeannie Economos of the Farmworker Association [of Florida] on December 10th, 2014. agribusiness farms agricultural labor Agricultural Worker Protection Standard agriculture Angel City: A Novel Angela Tanner Apopka Astatula Audubon Society AWPS Betty Woods Bracero Program bromomethane carrots Central Americans citrus Civil Rights Act of 1964 commodity crops corn Dale Finley Slongwhite DI disability benefits disability income insurance disability insurance disaster education disaster responses Domestic Fair Trade Association economic development educational programs environmental advocacy environmental justice Environmental Protection Agency EPA Eustis fair trade Farmworker Association of Florida farmworkers farmworkers' rights Fed Up: The High Costs of Cheap Food FOLA food movements Friends of Lake Apopka Geraldine Matthew Geraldine Shannon globalization Great Recession Guatemalans Haitians Harry and Harriette Moore Memorial Park Harry T. & Harriette V. Moore Cultural Complex Hawthorne Village Henry Flagler Henry Morrison Flagler Hispanic Americans Hispanics immigrants immigrants’ rights immigration income protection Indiantown Jared Muha Jobs and Education Partnership La Via Campesina Lake Apopka Lake Apopka Farmworker Memorial Quilts Project Lake Apopka Project Lake Apopka Restoration Act of 1996 Lake City Latin Americans Latinas Latinos Linda Lee Magnolia Park Mary Tinsley methyl bromide Mexican Americans Mexicans Mexico migrant farms migrant farmworkers migrant labor migrant laborers migrant workers Mount Dora Museum of the Apopkans NAFTA National Institutes Of Health NIH non-profit North American Free Trade Agreement not-for[profit nurseries nursery nuts Oakland Nature Preserve OASDI Occupational Safety and Health Administration Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance oranges OSHA Patrick D. Smith Pesticide Action Network International pesticide exposure pesticide health and safety Pesticide Safety and Environmental Health Project Coordinator pesticides public housing race relations railroads railways retraining Salvadorans Sara Downs Save the Manatee Club slavery slaves Social Security Social Security Disability Insurance soy specialty crops SSD SSDI St. Augustine St. Johns River Water Management District The Last Harvest: A History and Tribute to the Life and Work of the Farmworkers on Lake Apopka tomato tomato industry tomatoes U.S. Department of Agriculture unfree labor USDA wage theft Wahneta wheat Wimauma Winter Garden Winter Haven Worker Protection Standard Zellwood