1
100
2
-
https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/7d7e2487b93969a4abf35b4756c23383.jpg
88b5aabf531eb18928b6abbf7524e70b
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
U.S. Census Collection
Alternative Title
Census Collection
Subject
Census--United States
Population--United States
Orange County (Fla.)
Marion County (Fla.)
Brevard County (Fla.)
St. Lucie County (Fla.)
Seminole County (Fla.)
Volusia County (Fla.)
Flagler County (Fla.)
Lake County (Fla.)
Osceola County (Fla.)
Description
Collection of United States Census population records for various counties in Central Florida from 1840 to 2000.
The Census Act of 1840 was signed into law on March 3, 1839 and later amended on February 26, 1840. This piece of legislation established a centralized census office during each enumeration. Congress designated the census questionnaire designs to the Secretary of State. However, each household received inquiries regarding "the pursuits, industry, education, and resources of the country" and included questions related to school attendance, literacy, and vocation.
In March of 1849, Congress pass legislation that established a census board consisting of the Secretary of State, the Attorney General, and the Postmaster General. The board was responsible for preparing and printing forms and schedules for enumeration related to population, mining, agriculture, commerce, manufacturing, education, etc. The 1850 Census also increased population inquiries to include every free person's name (as opposed to just the head of the household), as well as information on taxes, schools, crime, wages, estate values, etc.
The Census Act of 1850 authorized the U.S. Census of 1860 and stipulated that its provisions be adhered to for all future decennial censuses should no new legislation be passed by the first of the year of said census. In May of 1865, the U.S. Census Office was abolished and many superintending clerks were transferred to the General Land Office.
Although the 1870 Census was conducted under the provisions of the Census Act of 1850, a new act was passed on May 6, 1870. The new census legislation required two changes in procedures related to questionnaire return submission dates. Moreover, penalties for refusing to reply to inquires were expanded to apply to all questions and questionnaires. The questionnaires themselves had to be redesigned due to the end of the "slave questionnaire", as slavery had been formally abolished slavery nationwide via the Thirteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. This left five schedules for the census: General Population, Mortality, Agriculture, Products of Industry, and Social Statistics. In addition, the use of a Charles W. Seaton, a U.S. Census Office chief clerk and later superintendent, invited a rudimentary tallying machine that partially alleviated the difficulties of tallying and tabulating questionnaire responses. Finally, the new superintendent for the Ninth Census, General Francis A. Walker, introduced employment examinations to test the qualifications of applicants to the Census Office, allowing for increased efficiency in the process of collecting census data.
The newest act authorizing the Census of 1880 provided for supervision of enumeration by "supervisors of the census", selected exclusively for the collection of census data. All supervisors, as well as the superintendent, were to appointed by the U.S. President and approved by the Senate. Census enumerators were required to personally visit each household and family within his subdivision. The new census act also allowed for the collection of data related to the condition and operation of railroad corporations, incorporated express companies, and telegraph companies, as well as data related to the condition and operation of life, fire, and marine insurance companies. Corporations who refused to provide the census with "true and complete" answers were subject to fines. In addition, the census superintendent was required to collect and publish data on the population, industries and resources of the District of Alaska. Finally, the 1880 Census consisted of five schedules: Population, Mortality, Agriculture, Social Statistics, and Manufacturing.
The Census of 1890 was authorized by an act modeled after the 1880 enumeration and signed into law on March 1, 1889. The 1890 Census was supervised by 175 employees and enumerators were required to collect all information by personally visiting each household. The 1890 Census included essentially the same inquires from the 1880 Census, with some notable additions, such as questions about home and farm ownership and indebtedness; and the names, units, length of service, and residences of former Union soldiers and sailors, as well as the names of the widows of those who were no longer alive. Racial categorization was expanded to include "Japanese", along with "Chinese", "Negro", "mulatto", "quadroon", "octoroon", and "White". Herman Hollerith, a former employee of the U.S. Census Office, invited the electric tabulating system, which was widely used in the 1890 Census, allowing data to be processed faster and more efficiently. On October 3, 1893, Congress passed a law that transferred census-related work to the direction of the commissioner of labor. Congress passed another act on March 2, 1895, effectively abolishing the U.S. Census Office and transferring the remaining responsibilities to the Office of the Secretary of the Interior.
Congress limited the Census of 1900 to content related to population, mortality, agriculture, and manufacturing. Special census agents were authorized to collect statistics related to incidents of deafness, blindness, insanity, and juvenile delinquency; as well as data on religious bodies, utilities, mining, and transportation. The act authorizing the 1900 Census designated the enumeration of military personally to the U.S. Department of War and the U.S. Department of the Navy, while Indiana Territory was to be enumerated by the commissioner of Indian Affairs. Annexed in 1898, Hawaii was included in the census for the first time. In 1902, the U.S. Census Office was officially established as a permanent organization within the U.S. Department of the Interior. The office became the U.S. Census Bureau in 1903 and was transferred to the Department of Commerce and Labor.
The Census of 1910 was approved by legislation introduced in December of 1907 and enacted in July of 1909. The delay was the result of a disagreement over the appointment of enumerators. President Theodore Roosevelt supported the hiring of enumerators via the civil service system, while Congress supported enumerators as positions of patronage. President Roosevelt successfully won the debate. This census act also changed Census Day from the traditional date of June 1st to April 15th. Additional questions regarding the nationality and native language of foreign-born persons and their parents. Funds for the U.S. Census Bureau were also increased to expand the Census' permanent workforce and created several new full-time positions, including a geographer, a chief statistician, and an assistant director. The assistant director was to be appointed by the President and approved by the Senate, while all other census employees were hired on the basis of open, competitive examinations administered by the Civil Service Commission. Despite the use of automatic counting machinery, issues with the tabulation process persisted. Finally, with the United States' entrance into World War I in 1917, the U.S. Census Bureau became a source of even more valuable purpose: the Census was able to use population and economic data to report on the populations of draft-age men, as well as information regarding each state's industrial capabilities.
The Census of 1920 changed the date of Census Day from April 15th to January 1st, as requested by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, which argued that farmers' memories and harvest information would be more accurate on this day. The U.S. Census Bureau was also authorized to hire additional employees at its headquarters in Washington, D.C. and to create a special field force to collect census data. The legislation authorizing the 1920 Census also allowed for a census of manufacturing to be conducted in 1921, and for such a census to be repeated every two years thereafter, as opposed to the traditional five-year census cycle. Furthermore, a census of agriculture and livestock was to be conducted in 1925 and to be repeated every ten years thereafter. In addition, penalties for those who refused to supply information or those who supplied false information were strengthened. As a result of these changes, census of population, manufacturing, and agriculture and livestock became increasingly independent of one another.
The "usual place of abode", the location where residents regularly slept, instead of where they worked or were visiting, became the new basis for enumeration in the 1920 Census. Those with no permanent or regular residence were listed as residents of the location that they were enumerated at. Enumeration related to institutional inmates and dependent, defective, and delinquent classes were also modified. Unlike the previous census, the 1920 Census did not have inquires related to unemployment, to Union or Confederate Army or Navy service, to the number of children born, or to the length of time that a couple had been married. The Census of 1920, however, did include four additional questions: one regarding year of naturalization and three regarding native languages. Issues also arose as a result of changes in international boundaries following World War I, particularly for persons declaring birth or parental birth in Austria-Hungary, Germany, Russia, or Turkey. In response, enumerators were required to ask said persons for their province, state, or region of birth. Enumerators were not required to ask individuals how to spell their names, nor were respondents required to provide proof of various pieces of information. Race was determined by the enumerator's impressions.
The act authorizing the 1930 Census was approved on June 18, 1929, allowing for a census of population, agriculture, irrigation, draining, distribution, unemployment, and mining. For the first time, specific questions for inquiry were left to the discretion of the Director of the Census. The Census encompassed each state, as well as the District of Columbia, Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico. The Governors of Guam, American Samoa, the Virginia Islands, and the Panama Canal Zone were responsible for conducting censuses in their territory. Between the date that the census act was passed and Census Day (April 1st), the stock market crashed, plunging the entire country into the Great Depression. In response, there were public and academic requests for access to unemployment data collected in the 1930 Census; however, the U.S. Census Bureau was unable to meet this demands and the bureau was accused of present unreliable data. Congress required a special unemployment census for January 1931, which ultimately confirmed the severity of the economic crisis. Another unemployment census was conducted in 1937, as mandated by Congress. Because this special census was voluntary, it allowed the Census Bureau to experiment with statistical sampling. Only two percent of households received a special census questionnaire.
Congress authorized the 1940 Census in August 1939, providing the Director of the Census the additional authority to conduct a national census of housing in each state, the District of Columbia, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and Alaska. The housing census was conducted separately, though enumerators often collection housing information at the same time that they collected population information. The Census of 1940 was the first time that the U.S. Census Bureau used advanced statistical techniques. In particular, the census used probably sampling, which had only previously been tested in a trial census of unemployment conducted the Civil Works Administration during 1933-1934, in surveys of retail stores in the 1930s, and in an official sample survey of unemployment conducted amongst two percent of American households in 1937. Probability sampling allowed for the inclusion of additional demographic questions without increasing the burden on the collection process or on data processing. Moreover, sampling the U.S. Census Bureau was able to publish preliminary returns eight months before tabulations were completed. Likewise, the census increased its number of published tables, and also was able to complete data processing with higher quality and more efficiency. New census questions focused on employment, unemployment, internal migration, and incomes—reflecting on the concerns of the Great Depression, the country's housing stock, and the need for public housing programs.
The Census of 1950 encompassed every state, Alaska, Hawaii, American Samoa, the Panama Canal Zone, Guam, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and other small American territories. For the first time, the U.S. Census Bureau enumerate American living abroad to account for members of the U.S. Armed Forces, vessel crew members, and government employees residing in foreign countries. The U.S. Department of Defense, the U.S. Department of State, the U.S. Maritime Administration, and several other federal agencies were responsible for distributing and collecting census questionnaires in a cooperative effort. Persons living abroad for reasons other than what is listed above had their census information reported by families or neighbors residing in the United States, but such data was criticized as unreliable and were not published in official statistics. The 1950 Census also included a new survey on residential financing collected separately on a sample basis from owners of owner-occupied properties, rental properties, and mortgage lenders. The accuracy of the new census was increased by improved enumerator training, the use of detailed street maps for enumerators, the publication of "Missed Person" forms in local newspapers, and the designation of a specific night to conduct a special enumeration of transient individuals. Moreover, a post-enumeration survey was conducted to further verify the accuracy of the original enumeration. A sample of approximately 3,500 small areas was compared to the original census data to identify households that may have been omitted initially. Likewise, a sample of approximately 22,000 households were re-interviewed to identify persons omitted in the original enumeration count. Though not used for the 1950 Census, the UNIVersal Automatic Computer I (UNIVAC I), the first non-military computer, was used to tabulate some of the statistics for the 1954 census of economy. In August of 1954, Congress codified various census statutes, such as the Fifteenth Census Act of 1929, authorizing the decennial census and other census.
The Census of 1960 was the first to be mailed to respondents. The U.S. Postal Service delivered census questionnaires to households, the head of household was required to complete the questionnaire, and an enumerator was to pick it up. The enumeration process was divided into two stages: first, select data for each person and dwelling unit was collected; and second, more detailed economic and social data was collected from a sample of households and dwelling units. The census questionnaires for the second stage were hand-delivered by enumerators as they were collecting data from the first stage. Households receiving the second census questionnaire were to complete the form and mail it to their local census office. Twenty-five percent of the population was giving additional sample questions. Because of the increased use of sampling, less populated areas were prone to sampling variation; however, this did not significantly decrease the usefulness of census statistics gathered. Moreover, increased use of sampling reduced data processing costs. Additional questions included in the 1960 Census were related to places of works and means of transportation to work. By 1960, nearly all census data was processed using computers. The U.S. Census Bureau used a Film Optical Sensing Device for Input to Computer (FOSDIC) for the first time, thus decreasing the amount of time and money required for data input.
In 1966, the U.S. Census Bureau sought suggestions from advisory committees and from the public, resulting in numerous proposals for additional inquiries related to the scope and structure of the census, as well as in public interest for the publication of additional census data. Researchers also concluded that the 1950 Census and the 1960 Census had undercounted certain segments of the population. Moreover, they noted a growing distrust of government activity and increased resistance to responding to the census. Simultaneously, both the public and private sectors expressed need for accurate information. The U.S. Census Bureau decreased its number of questions from 66 to 23 in an effort to simplify its products. A register for densely populated areas was also created to ensure that all housing units were accounted for. A Spanish-language questionnaire was also enclosed with census questionnaires in areas with a significant amount of Spanish-speaking households. Additionally, a question on Hispanic origins or descent was asked independently from race, but only on a five-percent sample. Only five questions were given to all individuals: relationship to household head, sex, race, age, and marital status. Additional questions were asked in smaller sample groups. This was also the first census in which respondents of urban areas were asked to mail their forms to the Census Bureau, rather than to hold questionnaires for enumerators.
Address Coding Guides were used to assign census geographic codes to questionnaires. Counts, a series of computer tape files, were an additional innovation used to increase the accuracy of census data. Count 1 consisted of complete count data for block groups and/or enumeration districts. Count 2 contained census tracts and minor civil/census county divisions, while Count 3 consisted of census blocks. Counts 4-6 provided sample census data for geographic areas of various population sizes. The Census Bureau also produced six Public Use Microdata Sample files, each of which contained complete information for a sample of approximately two million people. Finally, the Census Bureau developed the Summary Tape Processing Center Program, which was a group of organizations, both public and private, that processed census data from computer tapes.
For the 1990 Census, the U.S. Census Bureau utilized extensive user consultation prior to enumeration in order to refine both long and short form census questionnaires. The short form consisted of 13 questions and was given to the entire population. The long form asked 45 questions and was given to a 20 percent sample. The long form included topics related to marital history, carpooling, residence, residential elevators, and energy usage. Unlike the 1980 Census, the new census eliminated questions regarding air conditioning, the number of bathrooms in a residence, and the type of heating equipment used. A vast advertising campaign was marketed to increase public awareness of the census via public television, radio, and print media. Like the previous census, the Census of 1990 made a special effort to enumerate groups that have historically been undercounted in previous censuses called "S-Night": individuals in homeless shelters, soup kitchens, bus and railway stations, and dormitories (enumerated separately in the 1980 Census on "M-Night"); and permanent residents in hotels and motels (enumerated separately in the 1980 Census on "T-Night"). Following legal issues filed in response to the 1980 Census regarding statistical readjustment of undercounted areas, the Census Bureau initiated a post-enumeration survey (PES), in which a contemporaneous survey of households would be conducted and compare to the census results from the official census. In a partial resolution of a 1989 lawsuit filed by New York plaintiffs, the U.S. Department of Commerce agreed to use the PES to produce population data that had been adjusted for the projected undercount and that said data would be judged against the unadjusted data by the Secretary of Commerce's Special Advisory Panel (SAP).
The Census of 1990 also introduced the U.S. to the Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing System (TIGER), which was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Census Bureau. TIGER used computerized representations of various map features to geographically code addresses into appropriate census geographic areas. It also produced different maps required for census data collection and tabulation. Five years earlier, the Census Bureau became the first government agency to publish information on CD-ROM. For the 1990 Census, the bureau made detailed census data, which had previously been only available to organizations with large mainframe computers, accessible to any individual with a personal computer. Census data was also available in print, on computer tape, and on microfiche. Using two online service vendors, DIALOG and CompuServe, the Census Bureau also published select census data online.
As with previous censuses, the 1990 Census undercounted the national population, and again, the African-American population had an estimated net undercount rate that was significantly higher than the rate for other races. In July of 1991, the Secretary of Commerce announced that he did not find evidence in favor of using adjusted counts compelling—despite SAP's split vote on the issue—and chose to use unadjusted totals for the official census results. In response, the New York plaintiffs resumed the lawsuit against the Department of Commerce. A federal district court divided in favor of the DOC in April of 1993. The U.S. Court of Appeals, however, rejected the previous court ruling and ordered that the case be reheard by the federal district court. In March of 1996, the U.S. Supreme Court finally ruled in favor of the Secretary of Commerce's decision to use the unadjusted census date, but did not rule on the legality or constitutionality of the use of statistical adjustment in producing apportionment counts.
For the 1990 Census, the U.S. Census Bureau utilized extensive user consultation prior to enumeration in order to refine both long and short form census questionnaires. The short form consisted of 13 questions and was given to the entire population. The long form asked 45 questions and was given to a 20 percent sample. The long form included topics related to marital history, carpooling, residence, residential elevators, and energy usage. Unlike the 1980 Census, the new census eliminated questions regarding air conditioning, the number of bathrooms in a residence, and the type of heating equipment used. A vast advertising campaign was marketed to increase public awareness of the census via public television, radio, and print media. Like the previous census, the Census of 1990 made a special effort to enumerate groups that have historically been undercounted in previous censuses called "S-Night": individuals in homeless shelters, soup kitchens, bus and railway stations, and dormitories (enumerated separately in the 1980 Census on "M-Night"); and permanent residents in hotels and motels (enumerated separately in the 1980 Census on "T-Night"). Following legal issues filed in response to the 1980 Census regarding statistical readjustment of undercounted areas, the Census Bureau initiated a post-enumeration survey (PES), in which a contemporaneous survey of households would be conducted and compare to the census results from the official census. In a partial resolution of a 1989 lawsuit filed by New York plaintiffs, the U.S. Department of Commerce agreed to use the PES to produce population data that had been adjusted for the projected undercount and that said data would be judged against the unadjusted data by the Secretary of Commerce's Special Advisory Panel (SAP).
The Census of 1990 also introduced the U.S. to the Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing System (TIGER), which was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Census Bureau. TIGER used computerized representations of various map features to geographically code addresses into appropriate census geographic areas. It also produced different maps required for census data collection and tabulation. Five years earlier, the Census Bureau became the first government agency to publish information on CD-ROM. For the 1990 Census, the bureau made detailed census data, which had previously been only available to organizations with large mainframe computers, accessible to any individual with a personal computer. Census data was also available in print, on computer tape, and on microfiche. Using two online service vendors, DIALOG and CompuServe, the Census Bureau also published select census data online.
As with previous censuses, the 1990 Census undercounted the national population, and again, the African-American population had an estimated net undercount rate that was significantly higher than the rate for other races. In July of 1991, the Secretary of Commerce announced that he did not find evidence in favor of using adjusted counts compelling—despite SAP's split vote on the issue—and chose to use unadjusted totals for the official census results. In response, the New York plaintiffs resumed the lawsuit against the Department of Commerce. A federal district court divided in favor of the DOC in April of 1993. The U.S. Court of Appeals, however, rejected the previous court ruling and ordered that the case be reheard by the federal district court. In March of 1996, the U.S. Supreme Court finally ruled in favor of the Secretary of Commerce's decision to use the unadjusted census date, but did not rule on the legality or constitutionality of the use of statistical adjustment in producing apportionment counts.
For the Census of 2000, the short form consisted of only seven questions, while the long form consisted of 52 questions and used for a 17 percent sample of the population. For the first time, race questions were not limited to a single category; rather, respondents were able to check multiple boxes. A new question related to grandparents as caregivers was also mandated by legislation passed in 1996. Disability questions were expanded to including hearing and vision impairments, as well as learning, memory, and concentration disabilities. The 2000 Census also eliminated questions related to children born, water sources, sewage disposal, and condominium status. In addition, the 2000 Census was the first in which the Internet was used as the principal medium for the dissemination of census information. Summary Files were available for download immediately upon release and individual tables could be viewed via American FactFinder, the Census Bureau's online database. Files were also available for purchase on CD-Rom and DVD.
Due to declining questionnaire mail-back rates, the U.S. Census Bureau marketed a $167 million national and local print, television, and public advertising campaign in 17 different languages. The campaign successfully brought the mail-back rate up to 67 percent. Additionally, respondents receiving the short form were given the option of responding via the Internet. Telephone questionnaire assistance centers available in 6 languages also took responses via the phone. Statistical sampling techniques were utilized in two ways: first, to alter the traditional 100 percent personal visit of non-responding households during the non-response follow-up (NRFU) process by instead following up on a smaller sample basis; second, the sampling of 750,000 housing units matched to housing unit questionnaires obtained from mail and telephone responses, as well as from personal visits. The goal of the latter was to develop adjustment factors for individuals estimated to have been missed or duplicated and to correct the census counts to produce one set of numbers. This "one-number census" would correct for net coverage errors called Integrated Coverage Measurement (ICM). Both of these measures were taken in an attempt to avoid repetition of the litigation costs generated by the 1980 Census and the 1990 Census. Despite these efforts, two lawsuits—one filed by the U.S. House of Representatives—were filed in February 1998 challenging the constitutionality and legality of the planned uses of sampling to produce apportionment counts. Both cases were decided in favor of the plaintiffs in federal district courts, but the U.S. Department of Commerce made appeals to the U.S. Supreme Court. Known as the U.S. Department of Commerce v. the U.S. House of Representatives, the Court ruled that the Census Bureau's plans to use statistical sampling for purposes of congressional apportionments violated the Census Act. The bureau revised its plan, stating that it would produce statistically adjusted data for non-apportionment uses of census data information, such as redistricting. However, in March of 2001, the Census Bureau recommended against the use of adjusted census data for redistricting due to accuracy concerns; the Secretary of Commerce determined that the unadjusted data would be released as the bureau's official redistricting data. The Director of the Census Bureau also rejected to the use of adjusted data for non-redistricting purposes in October of that same year.
Language
eng
Type
Collection
Coverage
Mosquito County, Florida
Brevard County, Florida
Flagler County, Florida
Lake County, Florida
Marion County, Florida
Orange County, Florida
Osceola County, Florida
Seminole County, Florida
Volusia County, Florida
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Contributor
Gibson, Ella
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>.
Rights Holder
<span>This resource is not subject to copyright in the United States and there are no copyright restrictions on reproduction, derivative works, distribution, performance, or display of the work. Anyone may, without restriction under U.S. copyright laws:</span>
<ul class="one_column_bullet"><li>reproduce the work in print or digital form</li>
<li>create derivative works</li>
<li>perform the work publicly</li>
<li>display the work</li>
<li>distribute copies or digitally transfer the work to the public by sale or other transfer of ownership, or by rental, lease, or lending.</li>
</ul><span>This resources is provided here by </span><a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a><span> for educational purposes only. For more information on copyright, please refer to </span><a href="http://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap1.html#105" target="_blank">Section 5</a><span> of </span><a href="http://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap1.html" target="_blank">Copyright Law of the United States of America and Related Laws Contained in Title 17 of the United States Code</a><span>.</span>
Source Repository
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>
External Reference
<span>United States. <a href="https://www.census.gov/history/pdf/wright-hunt.pdf" target="_blank"><em>Historical Statistics of the United States: Colonial Times to 1970</em></a></span><span>. Washington: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 1975. https://www.census.gov/history/pdf/histstats-colonial-1970.pdf.</span>
<span>United States, and Carroll D. Wright. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/166662" target="_blank"><em>The History and Growth of the United States Census</em></a></span><span>. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1900. https://www.census.gov/history/pdf/wright-hunt.pdf.</span>
"<a href="https://www.census.gov/history/www/through_the_decades/" target="_blank">Through the Decades</a>." United States Census Bureau, United States Department of Commerce. https://www.census.gov/history/www/through_the_decades/.
Document
A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.
Original Format
1 table
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
U.S. Census for Central Florida, 1970
Alternative Title
Census, 1970
Subject
Census--United States
Orange County (Fla.)
Marion County (Fla.)
Brevard County (Fla.)
St. Lucie County (Fla.)
Seminole County (Fla.)
Volusia County (Fla.)
Flagler County (Fla.)
Lake County (Fla.)
Osceola County (Fla.)
Population--United States
Description
The Nineteenth United States Census records for Brevard County, Flagler County, Lake County, Marion County, Orange County, Osceola County, Seminole County, and Volusia County, Florida, for 1970. The census divides the population by gender, race ("white," "black," "Spanish," and "other"), and native-born vs. foreign-born. Those who are foreign born are further divided by country of origin. The census then lists the population categorized by marital status, type of residence, military service, primary and secondary school attendance, and college attendance. The census also collected information on labor, on unemployment, on transportation, and on ownership of various types of technology.<br /><br />In 1966, the U.S. Census Bureau sought suggestions from advisory committees and from the public, resulting in numerous proposals for additional inquiries related to the scope and structure of the census, as well as in public interest for the publication of additional census data. Researchers also concluded that the 1950 Census and the 1960 Census had undercounted certain segments of the population. Moreover, they noted a growing distrust of government activity and increased resistance to responding to the census. Simultaneously, both the public and private sectors expressed need for accurate information. The U.S. Census Bureau decreased its number of questions from 66 to 23 in an effort to simplify its products. A register for densely populated areas was also created to ensure that all housing units were accounted for. A Spanish-language questionnaire was also enclosed with census questionnaires in areas with a significant amount of Spanish-speaking households. Additionally, a question on Hispanic origins or descent was asked independently from race, but only on a five-percent sample. Only five questions were given to all individuals: relationship to household head, sex, race, age, and marital status. Additional questions were asked in smaller sample groups. This was also the first census in which respondents of urban areas were asked to mail their forms to the Census Bureau, rather than to hold questionnaires for enumerators.<br /><br />Address Coding Guides were used to assign census geographic codes to questionnaires. Counts, a series of computer tape files, was an additional innovation used to increase the accuracy of census data. Count 1 consisted of complete count data for block groups and/or enumeration districts. Count 2 contained census tracts and minor civil/census county divisions, while Count 3 consisted of census blocks. Counts 4-6 provided sample census data for geographic areas of various population sizes. The Census Bureau also produced six Public Use Microdata Sample files, each of which contained complete information for a sample of approximately two million people. Finally, the Census Bureau developed the Summary Tape Processing Center Program, which was a group of organizations, both public and private, that processed census data from computer tapes.
Type
Dataset
Source
Original census data collected by the <a href="http://www.census.gov/" target="_blank">U.S. Census Bureau</a>, 1970.
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/104" target="_blank">U.S. Census Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida.
Is Format Of
Digital reproduction of original census data collected by the <a href="http://www.census.gov/" target="_blank">U.S. Census Bureau</a>, 1970.
Coverage
Brevard County, Florida
Flagler County, Florida
Lake County, Florida
Marion County, Florida
Orange County, Florida
Osceola County, Florida
Seminole County, Florida
Volusia County, Florida
Creator
<a href="http://www.census.gov/" target="_blank">U.S. Census Bureau</a>
Publisher
<a href="http://www.commerce.gov/" target="_blank">U.S. Department of Commerce</a>
Contributor
Gibson, Ella
Date Created
ca. 1970-04-01
Format
image/jpg
Extent
2.23 MB
Medium
1 table
Language
eng
Mediator
History Teacher
Economics Teacher
Civics/Government Teacher
Geography Teacher
Provenance
Originally collected by the <a href="http://www.census.gov/" target="_blank">U.S. Census Bureau</a> and published by the <a href="http://www.commerce.gov/" target="_blank">U.S. Department of Commerce</a>.
Rights Holder
This resource is not subject to copyright in the United States and there are no copyright restrictions on reproduction, derivative works, distribution, performance, or display of the work. Anyone may, without restriction under U.S. copyright laws:
<ul class="one_column_bullet"><li>reproduce the work in print or digital form;</li>
<li>create derivative works;</li>
<li>perform the work publicly;</li>
<li>display the work;</li>
<li>distribute copies or digitally transfer the work to the public by sale or other transfer of ownership, or by rental, lease, or lending.</li>
</ul>
This resources is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. For more information on copyright, please refer to <a href="http://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap1.html#105" target="_blank">Section 5</a> of <a href="http://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap1.html" target="_blank">Copyright Law of the United States of America and Related Laws Contained in Title 17 of the United States Code</a>.
Accrual Method
Item Creation
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>
External Reference
"<a href="https://www.census.gov/history/www/through_the_decades/overview/1970.html" target="_blank">1970 Overview</a>." U.S. Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov/history/www/through_the_decades/overview/1970.html.
United States. <a href="https://www.census.gov/history/pdf/wright-hunt.pdf" target="_blank"><em>Historical Statistics of the United States: Colonial Times to 1970</em></a>. Washington: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 1975. https://www.census.gov/history/pdf/histstats-colonial-1970.pdf.
United States, and Carroll D. Wright. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/166662" target="_blank"><em>The History and Growth of the United States Census</em></a>. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1970. https://www.census.gov/history/pdf/wright-hunt.pdf.
U.S. Bureau of the Census. <a href="http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1970/proceduralHistory/1970proceduralhistory.zip" target="_blank"><em>Procedural History: 1970 Census of Population and Housing</em></a>. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1966.
Transcript
U.S. Census of 1970
Population
Brevard County Flagler County Lake County Marion County Orange County Osceola County Seminole County Volusia County
Population Total 230,006 4,454 69,305 69,030 344,311 25,267 83,692 169,487
Males 115,184 2,211 33,350 33,005 167,980 12,095 40,605 79,328
Females 114,822 2,243 35,955 36,025 176,331 13,172 43,087 90,159
Population by Race White 208,436 3,068 57,104 50,914 294,653 23,098 69,582 145,320
Black 20,664 1,365 12,056 18,060 48,593 2,148 13,977 23,984
Other Race 906 21 145 56 1,065 21 133 183
Population by Descent or Origin Spanish Descent or Origin 5,100 5 761 875 6,940 194 1,012 1,304
Not Spanish Descent or Origin 224,900 4,449 68,544 68,155 337,371 25,073 82,680 168,183
Households Occupied 68,560 1,488 24,621 22,317 108,645 9,092 25,757 62,747
Husband-Wife Families 51,151 949 16,866 15,104 75,525 6,055 19,194 39,510
Other Family Units 7,069 193 2,478 2,768 12,589 1,005 2,619 7,300
Family Units with Male Head 1,731 71 619 729 2,294 229 468 1,417
Family Units with Female Head 5,338 122 1,859 2,039 10,295 776 2,151 5,883
Male Primary Individual Household Units 5,028 168 1,862 1,676 7,213 677 1,420 5,035
Female Primary Individual Household Units 5,312 178 3,415 2,769 13,318 1,355 2,524 10,902
Population in Group Quarters Total 3,250 77 1,163 1,394 10,655 391 446 4,972
Institutionalized People 289 7 800 1,157 2,669 239 267 1,519
Inmates of Mental Hospitals 0 0 0 6 38 0 0 17
Inmates of Homes for the Aged and Dependent 231 0 582 147 1,063 119 245 957
Inmates of Other Institutions 58 7 218 1,004 1,568 120 22 545
Population Not Institutionalized 2,961 70 363 237 7,986 152 179 3,453
Rooming Houses 209 23 175 83 346 32 99 663
Military Barracks 1,824 0 0 0 5,534 0 4 7
College Dormitories 682 0 24 26 1,276 0 0 2,327
Other Group Quarters 246 47 164 128 830 90 76 456
Population by Marital Status Never Married 35,563 735 9,597 10,702 59,514 3,295 12,091 26,855
Married 108,282 2,018 35,798 32,303 158,034 12,957 39,775 83,513
Spouse Present 104,133 1,924 34,419 30,832 153,144 12,550 38,847 80,356
Spouse Absent 4,149 94 1,379 1,471 4,890 407 928 3,157
Separated 2,627 127 1,115 1,460 5,710 384 1,580 2,539
Widowed 7,930 328 5,694 4,822 19,390 2,226 4,149 16,508
Divorced 5,779 78 1,713 1,766 10,333 677 1,752 5,682
Veteran Population by War or Conflict Vietnam Conflict 5,998 16 1,020 1,470 10,602 470 2,556 3,358
Korean War 8,513 125 1,264 1,384 3,522 521 1,957 3,259
Korean War and World War II 2,589 11 278 335 3,764 186 1,083 960
World War II 13,782 334 4,177 4,181 20,725 1,354 4,576 10,861
World War I 984 45 1,623 793 2,873 583 691 4,307
Other Services 5,916 18 1,060 1,505 6,359 493 1,769 3,172
Non-Veterans 31,721 919 14,626 12,902 52,302 5,056 13,199 32,679
Native-Born Population Total 222,761 4,403 67,996 67,786 333,532 24,479 81,601 160,528
Foreign-Born Population Total 6,429 161 1,468 1,710 9,378 699 1,716 9,474
Foreign-Born Population by Country of Origin United Kingdom 1,084 60 188 208 1,705 157 199 1,954
Ireland 190 8 8 6 138 25 0 257
Norway 25 0 19 21 836 0 18 142
Sweden 110 0 44 7 173 39 6 244
Denmark 72 0 26 27 56 0 41 130
Netherlands 88 0 75 0 148 6 31 132
Switzerland 64 0 8 12 59 13 16 74
France 119 9 6 20 157 17 35 179
Germany 966 11 163 306 1,008 129 233 1,647
Poland 73 41 59 279 216 0 12 268
Czechoslovakia 97 0 36 15 160 0 128 70
Austria 62 0 38 38 142 64 44 359
Hungary 178 5 64 0 202 26 18 209
Yugoslavia 29 0 11 27 119 0 11 133
Russia 84 0 7 61 207 6 35 232
Lithuania 15 0 8 11 62 0 13 45
Finland 32 0 51 0 48 0 5 36
Romania 5 0 0 7 48 5 0 39
Greece 35 0 13 0 123 0 11 118
Italy 348 6 60 73 420 5 117 617
Portugal 8 0 0 0 40 0 0 16
Other Europe 177 9 33 26 84 23 77 150
Southwest Asia 125 0 13 6 114 0 77 148
China 35 0 0 0 77 0 0 33
Japan 104 0 0 0 126 17 20 35
Other Asia 252 0 8 24 171 4 26 93
Canada 1,045 12 385 362 1,465 124 275 1,550
Mexico 35 0 27 15 46 4 38 32
Cuba 273 0 7 50 788 0 85 152
Other America 379 0 54 95 660 18 81 195
Africa 44 0 9 7 134 0 0 24
All Other 151 0 39 7 111 10 19 78
Not Reported 125 0 9 0 285 7 45 83
Population by Work Transportation Method Private Automobile 77,928 1,170 18,827 20,689 114,255 7,113 26,710 46,121
Private Driver Automobile 67,363 921 16,021 17,708 98,709 6,038 23,245 39,700
Private Passenger Automobile 10,565 249 2,806 2,981 15,546 1,078 3,465 6,421
Bus or Streetcar 382 41 486 203 4,364 49 475 825
Subway or Elevated Transportation 5 0 15 0 8 0 8 0
Railroad 0 0 0 6 12 8 24 11
Taxicab 245 0 205 248 559 30 230 552
Walking 3,538 125 1,383 984 7,142 499 1,031 3,287
Multiple Means of Transportation 2,839 55 1,300 1,121 4,704 288 1,354 2,410
Work at Home 1,191 23 511 847 2,469 199 450 1,875
Population by Automobile Ownership None 4,227 304 3,398 3,509 13,081 1,433 2,548 9,174
1 30,228 654 13,914 11,530 51,115 5,223 11,884 35,319
1+ 64,333 1,184 21,223 18,808 95,564 7,659 23,209 53,573
2 29,003 447 6,103 6,002 37,100 2,046 9,343 15,419
3+ 5,102 83 1,206 1,276 7,349 390 1,982 2,835
Population by Television Ownership None 2,544 124 1,135 1,461 4,967 266 881 2,488
1 45,788 1,181 18,269 17,649 71,421 7,277 16,907 46,312
1+ 65,864 1,432 23,492 20,856 103,625 8,826 24,876 60,348
2+ 20,076 251 5,223 3,207 32,204 1,549 7,969 14,036
Population by Home Appliance Ownership Clothes Washing Machine 48,116 1,149 16,374 15,148 73,520 5,566 18,445 36,415
Automatic or Semi-Automatic Clothes Washing Machine 46,670 931 14,727 13,226 69,686 4,767 16,836 33,695
Wringer or Separate Clothes Washing Machine 1,446 218 1,647 1,922 3,834 769 1,609 2,720
No Clothes Washing Machine 20,292 407 8,253 7,169 35,072 3,526 7,312 26,421
Clothes Dryers 28,429 358 5,233 5,429 35,056 1,441 8,542 14,018
Electrically-Heated Clothes Dryers 25,214 339 4,867 5,314 33,661 1,247 8,169 13,378
Gas-Heated Clothes Dryers 3,215 19 366 115 1,395 194 373 640
No Clothes Dryers 39,979 1,198 19,394 16,888 73,536 7,651 17,215 48,818
Dishwashers 18,302 121 3,449 3,081 25,069 652 6,851 8,712
No Dishwashers 50,106 1,435 21,178 19,236 83,523 8,440 18,906 54,124
Education
Brevard County Flagler County Lake County Marion County Orange County Osceola County Seminole County Volusia County
Population by School Completion No School Completed 689 59 544 582 2,234 192 574 1,036
Elementary School Completed 15,957 876 13,005 11,913 41,362 5,010 10,838 25,266
1-4 Years of Elementary School 2,288 216 2,378 2,397 6,987 563 2,109 3,398
5-6 Years of Elementary School 3,252 222 2,864 2,687 9,767 978 2,389 5,179
7 Years of Elementary School 2,552 118 1,980 1,910 7,213 806 1,901 3,652
8 Years of Elementary School 7,865 320 5,783 4,919 17,395 2,663 4,439 13,037
High School Completed 64,037 1,264 21,359 19,580 96,067 8,354 23,695 55,823
1-3 Years of High School 18,199 501 9,032 8,146 36,723 3,621 8,999 20,155
4 Years of High School 45,838 763 12,327 11,534 59,344 4,733 14,696 35,668
College Completed 38,264 395 8,702 6,924 45,204 2,278 9,681 25,773
1-3 Years of College 20,287 272 4,715 4,043 23,709 1,219 5,467 14,225
4 Years of College 11,605 87 2,713 1,924 13,488 643 2,620 7,418
5+ Years of College 6,372 36 1,274 957 8,007 416 1,594 4,130
Male Population by School Completion No School Completed 374 44 372 360 1,132 116 305 592
Elementary School Completed 8,156 466 6,759 6,245 20,538 2,594 5,371 12,485
High School Completed 27,446 556 8,998 8,514 40,077 3,563 10,183 22,667
College Completed 22,576 194 4,273 3,324 24,310 1,124 5,334 12,547
Female Population by School Completion No School Completed 315 15 172 222 1,102 76 269 444
Elementary School Completed 7,801 410 6,246 5,668 20,824 2,416 5,467 12,781
High School Completed 36,591 708 12,361 11,166 55,990 4,791 13,512 33,156
College Completed 15,688 201 4,429 3,600 20,894 1,154 4,347 13,226
White Population by School Completion No School Completed 408 18 269 247 1,315 128 214 543
Elementary School Completed 12,362 516 10,019 7,779 31,235 4,452 7,168 20,503
1-4 Years of Elementary School 1,082 59 1,210 879 3,581 339 617 1,703
5-6 Years of Elementary School 2,256 117 2,082 1,453 6,801 781 1,365 3,756
7 Years of Elementary School 2,024 71 1,637 1,369 5,614 746 1,375 3,026
8 Years of Elementary School 7,000 269 5,090 4,078 15,239 2,586 3,811 12,018
High School Completed 59,985 1,072 19,070 16,359 87,158 8,014 21,558 51,512
1-3 Years of High School 16,017 406 7,659 6,080 31,501 3,416 7,620 17,807
4 Years of High School 43,968 666 11,411 10,279 55,657 4,598 13,938 33,705
College Completed 37,227 376 8,369 6,253 43,325 2,244 9,343 24,448
1-3 Years of College 19,754 260 4,578 3,730 22,871 1,200 5,274 13,519
4 Years of College 11,249 80 2,579 1,660 12,802 637 2,533 7,035
5+ Years of College 6,224 36 1,212 863 7,652 407 1,536 3,894
Black Population by School Completion No School Completed 277 41 270 335 905 64 360 493
Elementary School Completed 3,570 355 2,972 4,129 9,954 558 3,657 4,757
1-4 Years of Elementary School 1,206 152 1,168 1,518 3,358 224 1,492 1,691
5-6 Years of Elementary School 996 105 772 1,229 2,930 197 1,015 1,423
7 Years of Elementary School 521 47 339 541 1,567 60 522 626
8 Years of Elementary School 847 51 693 841 2,101 77 628 1,014
High School Completed 3,835 176 2,268 3,314 8,603 329 2,076 4,262
1-3 Years of High School 2,128 79 1,357 2,059 5,097 199 1,355 2,330
4 Years of High School 1,707 97 911 1,255 3,506 130 721 1,932
College Completed 841 19 328 659 1,763 34 321 1,294
1-3 Years of College 444 12 132 301 786 19 181 696
4 Years of College 275 4 0 264 657 6 87 366
5+ Years of College 122 0 62 94 320 9 53 232
Other Race Population by School Completion No School Completed 4 0 5 0 14 0 0 0
Elementary School Completed 25 5 14 5 173 0 13 9
1-4 Years of Elementary School 0 5 0 0 50 0 0 4
5-6 Years of Elementary School 0 0 10 5 36 0 9 0
7 Years of Elementary School 7 0 4 0 32 0 4 0
8 Years of Elementary School 18 0 0 0 55 0 0 5
High School Completed 217 16 21 7 306 1 61 49
1-3 Years of High School 54 16 16 7 125 6 24 18
4 Years of High School 163 0 5 0 181 5 37 31
College Completed 196 0 5 12 116 0 17 31
1-3 Years of College 89 0 5 12 52 0 12 10
4 Years of College 81 0 0 0 29 0 0 17
5+ Years of College 26 0 0 0 35 0 5 4
Spanish Population by School Completion No School Completed 7 0 18 0 8 0 5 0
Elementary School Completed 197 0 114 84 707 9 26 100
1-4 Years of Elementary School 21 0 27 20 157 0 5 0
5-6 Years of Elementary School 39 0 37 31 208 9 8 5
7 Years of Elementary School 26 0 5 13 73 0 6 15
8 Years of Elementary School 111 0 45 20 269 0 7 80
High School Completed 1,069 5 67 136 1,291 25 249 362
1-3 Years of High School 213 5 20 38 385 7 73 42
4 Years of High School 856 0 47 98 906 18 176 320
College Completed 1,008 0 117 153 948 44 202 282
1-3 Years of College 500 0 70 69 503 6 133 146
4 Years of College 279 0 27 32 235 20 34 58
5+ Years of College 229 0 20 52 210 18 35 78
Labor
Brevard County Flagler County Lake County Marion County Orange County Osceola County Seminole County Volusia County
Population in Labor Force Total 92,489 1,481 24,045 25,369 142,011 8,509 32,266 58,551
Armed Forces 4,502 23 68 62 8,953 28 461 157
Civilian Labor Force 87,987 1,458 23,977 25,307 133,058 8,481 31,805 58,394
Employed 83,051 1,437 22,830 24,428 126,731 8,233 30,242 56,054
Unemployed 4,936 21 1,147 879 6,327 248 1,563 2,340
Not in Labor Force 57,079 1,598 27,182 22,829 96,488 9,994 23,283 70,519
Male Population in Labor Force Total 61,033 951 14,804 15,420 89,238 5,316 20,195 33,902
Armed Forces 4,437 23 68 57 8,817 28 435 150
Civilian Labor Force 56,596 928 14,736 15,363 80,421 5,288 19,760 33,752
Employed 53,911 916 14,100 14,943 77,240 5,114 18,948 32,515
Unemployed 2,685 12 636 420 3,181 174 812 1,237
Not in Labor Force 12,743 542 9,344 7,201 24,663 3,383 6,040 24,880
Female Population in Labor Force Total 31,456 530 9,241 9,949 52,773 3,193 12,071 24,649
Armed Forces 65 0 0 5 136 0 26 7
Civilian Labor Force 31,391 530 9,241 9,944 52,637 3,193 12,045 24,642
Employed 29,140 521 8,730 9,485 49,491 3,119 11,294 23,539
Unemployed 2,251 9 511 459 3,146 74 751 1,103
Not in Labor Force 44,336 1,056 17,838 15,628 71,825 6,611 17,243 45,639
White Population in Labor Force Total 84,261 1,016 19,134 19,279 122,059 7,775 26,956 49,696
Armed Forces 4,121 14 62 50 7,774 28 441 157
Civilian Labor Force 80,140 1,002 19,072 19,229 114,735 7,747 26,515 49,539
Employed 75,669 988 18,219 18,614 109,551 7,508 25,348 47,647
Unemployed 4,471 14 853 615 5,184 239 1,167 1,892
Not in Labor Force 53,174 1,286 24,555 18,017 85,934 9,463 20,093 64,512
Black Population in Labor Force Total 7,870 454 4,850 6,083 19,054 723 5,279 8,786
Armed Forces 297 9 6 12 1,070 0 20 0
Civilian Labor Force 7,573 445 4,844 6,071 17,984 723 5,259 8,786
Employed 7,118 438 4,550 5,807 16,858 714 4,863 8,343
Unemployed 455 7 294 264 1,126 9 396 443
Not in Labor Force 3,688 302 2,613 4,795 10,214 521 3,118 5,928
Other Race Population in Labor Force Total 358 11 61 7 448 11 31 69
Armed Forces 84 0 0 0 109 0 0 0
Civilian Labor Force 274 11 61 7 339 11 31 69
Employed 264 11 61 7 322 11 31 64
Unemployed 10 0 0 0 17 0 0 5
Not in Labor Force 217 10 14 17 340 10 72 79
Spanish Population in Labor Force Total 1,919 5 260 349 2,741 42 355 511
Armed Forces 183 0 0 0 290 5 8 0
Civilian Labor Force 1,736 5 260 349 2,451 37 347 511
Employed 1,610 5 234 336 2,260 37 317 493
Unemployed 126 0 26 13 191 0 30 18
Not in Labor Force 119 0 171 144 1,467 77 291 421
Employment by Sector Private Sector 60,990 1,011 17,072 18,020 98,386 5,974 23,570 41,989
Private Company 59,979 983 16,609 17,744 95,860 5,852 23,034 40,937
Own Corporation 1,011 28 463 276 2,526 122 536 1,052
Public Sector 17,663 296 3,108 4,007 18,233 1,414 4,109 7,893
Federal Government Workers 8,404 32 366 500 4,992 227 1,139 1,189
State Government Workers 1,513 98 615 1,140 3,018 251 755 1,368
Local Government Workers 7,746 166 2,127 2,367 10,223 936 2,215 5,336
Self-Employed Workers 4,018 120 2,479 2,271 9,297 804 2,400 5,726
Unpaid Family Workers 380 10 171 130 815 41 163 446
Male Employment by Sector Private Company 39,740 623 10,193 11,091 57,829 3,563 14,444 23,051
Own Corporation 817 23 394 237 2,111 116 461 833
Federal Government Workers 6,291 27 226 355 3,677 162 835 868
State Government Workers 733 66 331 543 1,320 180 389 730
Local Government Workers 3,315 62 974 864 4,748 464 930 2,586
Self-Employed Workers 2,952 107 1,938 1,827 7,339 617 1,849 4,383
Unpaid Family Workers 63 5 44 26 216 12 40 64
Female Employment by Sector Private Company 20,239 360 6,416 6,653 38,031 2,289 8,590 17,886
Own Corporation 194 5 69 39 415 6 75 219
Federal Government Workers 2,113 5 140 145 1,315 65 304 321
State Government Workers 780 32 284 597 1,698 71 366 638
Local Government Workers 4,431 101 1,153 1,503 5,475 472 1,285 2,750
Self-Employed Workers 1,066 13 541 444 1,958 187 551 1,343
Unpaid Family Workers 317 5 127 104 599 29 123 382
Employment by Industry Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery 1,335 186 3,827 2,518 6,018 922 2,024 2,461
Mining 59 0 82 171 81 12 11 50
Construction 5,255 103 1,689 2,111 11,156 974 2,980 5,013
Furniture and Lumber 39 89 262 447 549 183 144 257
Primary Metal 6 0 62 22 158 6 83 56
Fabricated Metal 7,765 0 116 125 6,051 200 867 673
Machinery, Except Electrical 705 0 115 65 817 129 261 298
Electrical Machinery, Equipment, and Supply 7,959 38 118 36 1,830 94 1,053 1,665
Motor Vehicle 1,252 5 228 506 642 183 272 400
Other Durable Goods 1,004 8 430 347 1,540 134 434 994
Food and Kindred Products 234 0 680 516 2,563 95 359 388
Textile and Fabric 31 0 42 234 233 6 391 177
Printing and Publishing 770 17 164 176 1,731 160 358 698
Chemical 151 0 164 137 484 5 114 93
Other Non-Durable Goods 373 17 187 284 1,240 120 260 313
Railroad and Railways Services 28 7 84 183 222 11 338 231
Trucking Services and Warehousing 390 10 329 193 1,964 119 447 319
Other Transportation 1,547 35 193 171 1,400 90 347 698
Communication 1,187 16 324 422 2,696 104 555 883
Utilities and Sanitary 1,361 42 330 428 2,459 194 598 1,128
Wholesale Trade 1,617 35 1,547 1,100 7,977 268 1,525 1,358
Food and Bakery 2,238 26 710 624 3,203 266 951 1,578
Eating and Drinking Establishments 2,718 72 599 907 4,186 362 879 2,984
General Merchandise Retail 2,641 5 343 585 4,689 170 1,068 1,629
Motor Vehicle Retail 2,159 37 920 1,098 4,091 295 912 1,964
Other Retail Trade 4,141 79 1,577 1,723 8,146 404 1,658 4,488
Banking and Credit 1,033 0 321 316 2,282 136 534 1,108
Insurance, Real Estate, and Finance 2,024 24 550 768 6,109 202 1,369 2,174
Business Service 5,507 3 158 243 2,993 102 681 927
Repair Service 1,483 18 337 379 2,516 97 608 990
Private Household 1,069 48 777 815 2,874 133 606 1,578
Other Personal Services 3,233 147 908 1,129 4,538 304 940 4,205
Entertainment and Recreation Service 640 14 154 545 1,582 39 548 906
Hospital 1,760 67 563 586 3,887 254 828 2,210
Medical and Other Health Service 1,350 14 543 399 2,740 229 658 1,594
School-Related 6,544 114 1,723 1,920 8,361 542 2,024 4,420
Government 5,039 104 1,482 1,578 6,459 479 1,589 2,736
Private 1,505 10 241 342 1,902 63 435 1,684
Other Education and Kindred 283 0 110 61 488 22 66 235
Welfare, Religious, and Non-Profit 930 13 326 345 2,061 92 473 695
Legal, Engineering, and Miscellaneous Professional 1,995 22 467 553 3,629 139 571 1,578
Public Administration 8,235 126 771 1,240 6,545 436 1,447 2,638
Professional, Technical, and Kindred 22,143 200 2,624 2,634 18,976 874 4,281 7,756
Engineer and Technical 6,402 0 128 84 2,788 75 546 791
Physicians, Dentists, and Related Practitioners 395 9 126 104 808 22 134 386
Medical and Health Workers, Except Practitioners 1,059 14 364 344 1,896 87 454 1,103
Teachers, Elementary and Secondary Schools 3,243 75 853 852 4,346 331 975 1,682
Technicians, Except Health 3,835 7 207 181 1,350 69 502 645
Other Professional Workers 7,209 95 946 1,069 7,788 290 1,670 3,149
Managers and Administrators, Except Farms 7,693 162 2,119 2,324 11,907 701 3,270 6,149
Salaried Managers and Administrators 6,686 134 1,595 1,683 9,820 456 2,754 4,407
Salaried Manufacturing Managers and Administrators 1,239 11 179 158 1,281 45 370 436
Salaried Retail Managers and Administrators 1,694 34 434 474 2,533 113 743 1,355
Salaried Other Managers and Administrators 3,753 89 982 1,051 6,006 298 1,641 2,616
Self-Employed Workers 1,007 28 524 641 2,087 245 516 1,742
Self-Employed Retail Trade Workers 436 24 240 334 966 115 223 797
Self-Employed Other Industry Workers 571 4 284 307 1,121 130 293 945
Sales Workers 5,259 59 1,776 1,907 12,620 490 2,972 5,144
Manufacturing and Wholesale Trade Workers 629 10 203 277 2,777 56 728 656
Retail Sales Workers 3,353 38 1,128 1,085 6,413 300 1,445 2,975
Other Sales Workers 1,277 11 445 545 3,430 134 799 1,513
Clerical and Kindred Workers 15,177 145 2,747 3,558 24,021 1,041 4,747 8,942
Bookkeepers 1,495 25 435 618 2,907 154 589 1,141
Secretaries, Stenographers, and Typists 4,728 29 756 1,000 7,382 251 1,399 2,488
Other Clerical Workers 8,954 91 1,556 1,940 13,732 636 2,759 5,313
Craftsmen, Foremen, and Kindred Workers 12,101 172 2,836 3,251 17,269 1,382 4,609 7,896
Automobile Mechanics and Body Workers 1,072 11 365 372 1,980 149 462 881
Mechanics and Repair Men, Except Auto 2,633 22 385 477 2,589 131 748 1,145
Machinists 242 0 26 46 248 39 28 130
Metal Craftsmen, Except Mechanics and Machinists 169 5 29 67 451 46 107 199
Carpenters 962 14 312 438 1,628 196 505 686
Construction Craftsmen 2,526 33 651 792 4,161 383 1,139 2,063
Others Craftsmen 4,497 87 1,068 1,059 6,212 438 1,620 2,792
Operatives, Except Transport, Workers 4,832 128 2,150 2,180 9,301 837 2,674 3,442
Manufacturing Durable Goods Workers 2,137 36 556 492 2,608 386 946 1,235
Manufacturing Non-Durable Goods Workers 343 8 388 623 1,751 96 589 349
Non-Manufacturing Industry 2,352 84 1,206 1,065 4,942 355 1,139 1,858
Transport Equipment Operators 1,803 47 1,179 1,115 5,309 388 1,213 1,719
Truck Drivers 658 26 703 528 2,463 223 631 659
Other Transport Equipment Operatives 1,145 21 476 587 2,846 165 582 1,060
Laborers, Except Farms 2,947 126 1,138 1,445 6,263 417 1,440 2,925
Construction Laborers 767 37 269 299 1,578 116 457 639
Freight, Stock, and Material Handlers 949 23 298 473 2,076 123 395 612
Other Laborers, Except Farm 1,231 66 571 673 2,609 178 588 1,674
Farmers and Farm Managers 169 44 560 587 566 156 220 335
Farm Laborers and Farm Foremen 595 101 2,595 1,466 3,797 574 1,357 973
Farm Laborers, Unpaid Family Workers 12 0 26 13 49 6 9 14
Farm Laborers, Except Unpaid and Farm Foremen 583 101 2,569 1,453 3,748 568 1,348 959
Service Workers, Except Private Household 9,233 208 2,351 3,143 13,759 1,202 2,836 9,290
Cleaning Service Workers 2,168 100 467 674 2,473 199 588 2,063
Food Service Workers 2,974 56 810 1,103 4,824 414 973 3,362
Health Service Workers 765 10 333 307 1,889 236 420 1,174
Personal Service Workers 1,282 10 322 437 1,958 101 400 1,112
Protective Service Workers 1,366 24 224 402 1,493 144 301 885
Service Workers, Except Private Household 678 8 195 220 1,122 108 154 694
Private Household Workers 1,099 45 755 818 2,943 171 623 1,483
administrators
African Americans
aged
agriculture
Armed Forces
Asian Americans
assisted living facilities
Austrian Americans
automobiles
bakeries
bakers
bakery
banking
bars
bookkeepers
Brevard County
British Americans
bus
buses
business
cabs
Canadian Americans
Caribbean Americans
carpenters
cars
Caucasian Americans
census
Census of 1970
Central Americans
chemicals
Chinese Americans
civilian labor
cleaning services
clerical
college dormitories
college dorms
college education
communications
construction
crafts
craftsman
craftsmen
credit
Cuban Americans
Czech Americans
Czechoslovakian Americans
Danish Americans
dentists
dependents
dishwashers
divorced
divorcees
doctors
domestic service
drinking establishment
dryers
durable goods
Dutch Americans
eating establishment
education
educations
electric heat
electrical equipment
electrical machinery
electrical supply
elementary education
elevated transportation
employees
employment
engineering
engineers
English Americans
entertainment
European Americans
fabricated metal
fabrics
families
farm managers
farmers
farming
federal government
females
finance
Finnish Americans
fishery
Flagler County
food
food services
foreman
foremen
forestry
freight
French Americans
furniture
gas eat
German Americans
government
Greek Americans
group quarters
health care
health services
high school education
higher education
Hispanic Americans
hospitals
households
Hungarian Americans
inmates
institutionalized
insurance
Irish Americans
Italian Americans
Japanese Americans
kindred
Korean War
labor
labor force
laborers
Lake County
Latin Americans
Latinas
Latinos
legal
Lithuanian Americans
local government
lumber
machinery
machinists
males
managers
manufacturing
Marion County
marital status
married
material handlers
mechanics
medical
medical practitioners
mental hospitals
merchandise
Mexican Americans
Middle Eastern Americans
military barracks
mining
motor vehicles
non-durable goods
non-profit
Norwegian Americans
nursing homes
old folks homes
operatives
orange county
Osceola County
pedestrians
personal services
physicians
Polish Americans
population
Portuguese Americans
primary education
primary metal
printing
private sector
professionals
protective services
public administration
public sector
public transportation
publishing
railroads
railways
real estate
recreation
religious
repair
restaurants
retail
Romanian Americans
rooming houses
Russian Americans
salaried
sales
sanitary
sanitation
Scandinavian Americans
schools
secondary education
secretaries
secretary
self-employed
Seminole County
separated
servicemen
servicewomen
single
Slovakian Americans
Southwest Asian Americans
Spanish Americans
spouses
state government
stenographers
stock
streetcars
subways
Swedish Americans
Swiss Americans
taxicabs
teachers
technical
technicians
televisions
textiles
trade
transport equipment
transportation
truck drivers
trucking services
TV
typists
U.S. Census
unemployment
university education
utilities
veterans
Vietnam War
Volusia County
walkers
walking
warehousing
washing machines
welfare
wholesale
widowed
widowers
widows
workers
World War I
World War II
wringers
WWI
WWII
Yugoslavian Americans
-
https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/f1daededa509d63078e20ecb89f2a2f4.jpg
3a7ef7ad3a7ce370fedcc74612a39049
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
U.S. Census Collection
Alternative Title
Census Collection
Subject
Census--United States
Population--United States
Orange County (Fla.)
Marion County (Fla.)
Brevard County (Fla.)
St. Lucie County (Fla.)
Seminole County (Fla.)
Volusia County (Fla.)
Flagler County (Fla.)
Lake County (Fla.)
Osceola County (Fla.)
Description
Collection of United States Census population records for various counties in Central Florida from 1840 to 2000.
The Census Act of 1840 was signed into law on March 3, 1839 and later amended on February 26, 1840. This piece of legislation established a centralized census office during each enumeration. Congress designated the census questionnaire designs to the Secretary of State. However, each household received inquiries regarding "the pursuits, industry, education, and resources of the country" and included questions related to school attendance, literacy, and vocation.
In March of 1849, Congress pass legislation that established a census board consisting of the Secretary of State, the Attorney General, and the Postmaster General. The board was responsible for preparing and printing forms and schedules for enumeration related to population, mining, agriculture, commerce, manufacturing, education, etc. The 1850 Census also increased population inquiries to include every free person's name (as opposed to just the head of the household), as well as information on taxes, schools, crime, wages, estate values, etc.
The Census Act of 1850 authorized the U.S. Census of 1860 and stipulated that its provisions be adhered to for all future decennial censuses should no new legislation be passed by the first of the year of said census. In May of 1865, the U.S. Census Office was abolished and many superintending clerks were transferred to the General Land Office.
Although the 1870 Census was conducted under the provisions of the Census Act of 1850, a new act was passed on May 6, 1870. The new census legislation required two changes in procedures related to questionnaire return submission dates. Moreover, penalties for refusing to reply to inquires were expanded to apply to all questions and questionnaires. The questionnaires themselves had to be redesigned due to the end of the "slave questionnaire", as slavery had been formally abolished slavery nationwide via the Thirteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. This left five schedules for the census: General Population, Mortality, Agriculture, Products of Industry, and Social Statistics. In addition, the use of a Charles W. Seaton, a U.S. Census Office chief clerk and later superintendent, invited a rudimentary tallying machine that partially alleviated the difficulties of tallying and tabulating questionnaire responses. Finally, the new superintendent for the Ninth Census, General Francis A. Walker, introduced employment examinations to test the qualifications of applicants to the Census Office, allowing for increased efficiency in the process of collecting census data.
The newest act authorizing the Census of 1880 provided for supervision of enumeration by "supervisors of the census", selected exclusively for the collection of census data. All supervisors, as well as the superintendent, were to appointed by the U.S. President and approved by the Senate. Census enumerators were required to personally visit each household and family within his subdivision. The new census act also allowed for the collection of data related to the condition and operation of railroad corporations, incorporated express companies, and telegraph companies, as well as data related to the condition and operation of life, fire, and marine insurance companies. Corporations who refused to provide the census with "true and complete" answers were subject to fines. In addition, the census superintendent was required to collect and publish data on the population, industries and resources of the District of Alaska. Finally, the 1880 Census consisted of five schedules: Population, Mortality, Agriculture, Social Statistics, and Manufacturing.
The Census of 1890 was authorized by an act modeled after the 1880 enumeration and signed into law on March 1, 1889. The 1890 Census was supervised by 175 employees and enumerators were required to collect all information by personally visiting each household. The 1890 Census included essentially the same inquires from the 1880 Census, with some notable additions, such as questions about home and farm ownership and indebtedness; and the names, units, length of service, and residences of former Union soldiers and sailors, as well as the names of the widows of those who were no longer alive. Racial categorization was expanded to include "Japanese", along with "Chinese", "Negro", "mulatto", "quadroon", "octoroon", and "White". Herman Hollerith, a former employee of the U.S. Census Office, invited the electric tabulating system, which was widely used in the 1890 Census, allowing data to be processed faster and more efficiently. On October 3, 1893, Congress passed a law that transferred census-related work to the direction of the commissioner of labor. Congress passed another act on March 2, 1895, effectively abolishing the U.S. Census Office and transferring the remaining responsibilities to the Office of the Secretary of the Interior.
Congress limited the Census of 1900 to content related to population, mortality, agriculture, and manufacturing. Special census agents were authorized to collect statistics related to incidents of deafness, blindness, insanity, and juvenile delinquency; as well as data on religious bodies, utilities, mining, and transportation. The act authorizing the 1900 Census designated the enumeration of military personally to the U.S. Department of War and the U.S. Department of the Navy, while Indiana Territory was to be enumerated by the commissioner of Indian Affairs. Annexed in 1898, Hawaii was included in the census for the first time. In 1902, the U.S. Census Office was officially established as a permanent organization within the U.S. Department of the Interior. The office became the U.S. Census Bureau in 1903 and was transferred to the Department of Commerce and Labor.
The Census of 1910 was approved by legislation introduced in December of 1907 and enacted in July of 1909. The delay was the result of a disagreement over the appointment of enumerators. President Theodore Roosevelt supported the hiring of enumerators via the civil service system, while Congress supported enumerators as positions of patronage. President Roosevelt successfully won the debate. This census act also changed Census Day from the traditional date of June 1st to April 15th. Additional questions regarding the nationality and native language of foreign-born persons and their parents. Funds for the U.S. Census Bureau were also increased to expand the Census' permanent workforce and created several new full-time positions, including a geographer, a chief statistician, and an assistant director. The assistant director was to be appointed by the President and approved by the Senate, while all other census employees were hired on the basis of open, competitive examinations administered by the Civil Service Commission. Despite the use of automatic counting machinery, issues with the tabulation process persisted. Finally, with the United States' entrance into World War I in 1917, the U.S. Census Bureau became a source of even more valuable purpose: the Census was able to use population and economic data to report on the populations of draft-age men, as well as information regarding each state's industrial capabilities.
The Census of 1920 changed the date of Census Day from April 15th to January 1st, as requested by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, which argued that farmers' memories and harvest information would be more accurate on this day. The U.S. Census Bureau was also authorized to hire additional employees at its headquarters in Washington, D.C. and to create a special field force to collect census data. The legislation authorizing the 1920 Census also allowed for a census of manufacturing to be conducted in 1921, and for such a census to be repeated every two years thereafter, as opposed to the traditional five-year census cycle. Furthermore, a census of agriculture and livestock was to be conducted in 1925 and to be repeated every ten years thereafter. In addition, penalties for those who refused to supply information or those who supplied false information were strengthened. As a result of these changes, census of population, manufacturing, and agriculture and livestock became increasingly independent of one another.
The "usual place of abode", the location where residents regularly slept, instead of where they worked or were visiting, became the new basis for enumeration in the 1920 Census. Those with no permanent or regular residence were listed as residents of the location that they were enumerated at. Enumeration related to institutional inmates and dependent, defective, and delinquent classes were also modified. Unlike the previous census, the 1920 Census did not have inquires related to unemployment, to Union or Confederate Army or Navy service, to the number of children born, or to the length of time that a couple had been married. The Census of 1920, however, did include four additional questions: one regarding year of naturalization and three regarding native languages. Issues also arose as a result of changes in international boundaries following World War I, particularly for persons declaring birth or parental birth in Austria-Hungary, Germany, Russia, or Turkey. In response, enumerators were required to ask said persons for their province, state, or region of birth. Enumerators were not required to ask individuals how to spell their names, nor were respondents required to provide proof of various pieces of information. Race was determined by the enumerator's impressions.
The act authorizing the 1930 Census was approved on June 18, 1929, allowing for a census of population, agriculture, irrigation, draining, distribution, unemployment, and mining. For the first time, specific questions for inquiry were left to the discretion of the Director of the Census. The Census encompassed each state, as well as the District of Columbia, Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico. The Governors of Guam, American Samoa, the Virginia Islands, and the Panama Canal Zone were responsible for conducting censuses in their territory. Between the date that the census act was passed and Census Day (April 1st), the stock market crashed, plunging the entire country into the Great Depression. In response, there were public and academic requests for access to unemployment data collected in the 1930 Census; however, the U.S. Census Bureau was unable to meet this demands and the bureau was accused of present unreliable data. Congress required a special unemployment census for January 1931, which ultimately confirmed the severity of the economic crisis. Another unemployment census was conducted in 1937, as mandated by Congress. Because this special census was voluntary, it allowed the Census Bureau to experiment with statistical sampling. Only two percent of households received a special census questionnaire.
Congress authorized the 1940 Census in August 1939, providing the Director of the Census the additional authority to conduct a national census of housing in each state, the District of Columbia, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and Alaska. The housing census was conducted separately, though enumerators often collection housing information at the same time that they collected population information. The Census of 1940 was the first time that the U.S. Census Bureau used advanced statistical techniques. In particular, the census used probably sampling, which had only previously been tested in a trial census of unemployment conducted the Civil Works Administration during 1933-1934, in surveys of retail stores in the 1930s, and in an official sample survey of unemployment conducted amongst two percent of American households in 1937. Probability sampling allowed for the inclusion of additional demographic questions without increasing the burden on the collection process or on data processing. Moreover, sampling the U.S. Census Bureau was able to publish preliminary returns eight months before tabulations were completed. Likewise, the census increased its number of published tables, and also was able to complete data processing with higher quality and more efficiency. New census questions focused on employment, unemployment, internal migration, and incomes—reflecting on the concerns of the Great Depression, the country's housing stock, and the need for public housing programs.
The Census of 1950 encompassed every state, Alaska, Hawaii, American Samoa, the Panama Canal Zone, Guam, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and other small American territories. For the first time, the U.S. Census Bureau enumerate American living abroad to account for members of the U.S. Armed Forces, vessel crew members, and government employees residing in foreign countries. The U.S. Department of Defense, the U.S. Department of State, the U.S. Maritime Administration, and several other federal agencies were responsible for distributing and collecting census questionnaires in a cooperative effort. Persons living abroad for reasons other than what is listed above had their census information reported by families or neighbors residing in the United States, but such data was criticized as unreliable and were not published in official statistics. The 1950 Census also included a new survey on residential financing collected separately on a sample basis from owners of owner-occupied properties, rental properties, and mortgage lenders. The accuracy of the new census was increased by improved enumerator training, the use of detailed street maps for enumerators, the publication of "Missed Person" forms in local newspapers, and the designation of a specific night to conduct a special enumeration of transient individuals. Moreover, a post-enumeration survey was conducted to further verify the accuracy of the original enumeration. A sample of approximately 3,500 small areas was compared to the original census data to identify households that may have been omitted initially. Likewise, a sample of approximately 22,000 households were re-interviewed to identify persons omitted in the original enumeration count. Though not used for the 1950 Census, the UNIVersal Automatic Computer I (UNIVAC I), the first non-military computer, was used to tabulate some of the statistics for the 1954 census of economy. In August of 1954, Congress codified various census statutes, such as the Fifteenth Census Act of 1929, authorizing the decennial census and other census.
The Census of 1960 was the first to be mailed to respondents. The U.S. Postal Service delivered census questionnaires to households, the head of household was required to complete the questionnaire, and an enumerator was to pick it up. The enumeration process was divided into two stages: first, select data for each person and dwelling unit was collected; and second, more detailed economic and social data was collected from a sample of households and dwelling units. The census questionnaires for the second stage were hand-delivered by enumerators as they were collecting data from the first stage. Households receiving the second census questionnaire were to complete the form and mail it to their local census office. Twenty-five percent of the population was giving additional sample questions. Because of the increased use of sampling, less populated areas were prone to sampling variation; however, this did not significantly decrease the usefulness of census statistics gathered. Moreover, increased use of sampling reduced data processing costs. Additional questions included in the 1960 Census were related to places of works and means of transportation to work. By 1960, nearly all census data was processed using computers. The U.S. Census Bureau used a Film Optical Sensing Device for Input to Computer (FOSDIC) for the first time, thus decreasing the amount of time and money required for data input.
In 1966, the U.S. Census Bureau sought suggestions from advisory committees and from the public, resulting in numerous proposals for additional inquiries related to the scope and structure of the census, as well as in public interest for the publication of additional census data. Researchers also concluded that the 1950 Census and the 1960 Census had undercounted certain segments of the population. Moreover, they noted a growing distrust of government activity and increased resistance to responding to the census. Simultaneously, both the public and private sectors expressed need for accurate information. The U.S. Census Bureau decreased its number of questions from 66 to 23 in an effort to simplify its products. A register for densely populated areas was also created to ensure that all housing units were accounted for. A Spanish-language questionnaire was also enclosed with census questionnaires in areas with a significant amount of Spanish-speaking households. Additionally, a question on Hispanic origins or descent was asked independently from race, but only on a five-percent sample. Only five questions were given to all individuals: relationship to household head, sex, race, age, and marital status. Additional questions were asked in smaller sample groups. This was also the first census in which respondents of urban areas were asked to mail their forms to the Census Bureau, rather than to hold questionnaires for enumerators.
Address Coding Guides were used to assign census geographic codes to questionnaires. Counts, a series of computer tape files, were an additional innovation used to increase the accuracy of census data. Count 1 consisted of complete count data for block groups and/or enumeration districts. Count 2 contained census tracts and minor civil/census county divisions, while Count 3 consisted of census blocks. Counts 4-6 provided sample census data for geographic areas of various population sizes. The Census Bureau also produced six Public Use Microdata Sample files, each of which contained complete information for a sample of approximately two million people. Finally, the Census Bureau developed the Summary Tape Processing Center Program, which was a group of organizations, both public and private, that processed census data from computer tapes.
For the 1990 Census, the U.S. Census Bureau utilized extensive user consultation prior to enumeration in order to refine both long and short form census questionnaires. The short form consisted of 13 questions and was given to the entire population. The long form asked 45 questions and was given to a 20 percent sample. The long form included topics related to marital history, carpooling, residence, residential elevators, and energy usage. Unlike the 1980 Census, the new census eliminated questions regarding air conditioning, the number of bathrooms in a residence, and the type of heating equipment used. A vast advertising campaign was marketed to increase public awareness of the census via public television, radio, and print media. Like the previous census, the Census of 1990 made a special effort to enumerate groups that have historically been undercounted in previous censuses called "S-Night": individuals in homeless shelters, soup kitchens, bus and railway stations, and dormitories (enumerated separately in the 1980 Census on "M-Night"); and permanent residents in hotels and motels (enumerated separately in the 1980 Census on "T-Night"). Following legal issues filed in response to the 1980 Census regarding statistical readjustment of undercounted areas, the Census Bureau initiated a post-enumeration survey (PES), in which a contemporaneous survey of households would be conducted and compare to the census results from the official census. In a partial resolution of a 1989 lawsuit filed by New York plaintiffs, the U.S. Department of Commerce agreed to use the PES to produce population data that had been adjusted for the projected undercount and that said data would be judged against the unadjusted data by the Secretary of Commerce's Special Advisory Panel (SAP).
The Census of 1990 also introduced the U.S. to the Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing System (TIGER), which was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Census Bureau. TIGER used computerized representations of various map features to geographically code addresses into appropriate census geographic areas. It also produced different maps required for census data collection and tabulation. Five years earlier, the Census Bureau became the first government agency to publish information on CD-ROM. For the 1990 Census, the bureau made detailed census data, which had previously been only available to organizations with large mainframe computers, accessible to any individual with a personal computer. Census data was also available in print, on computer tape, and on microfiche. Using two online service vendors, DIALOG and CompuServe, the Census Bureau also published select census data online.
As with previous censuses, the 1990 Census undercounted the national population, and again, the African-American population had an estimated net undercount rate that was significantly higher than the rate for other races. In July of 1991, the Secretary of Commerce announced that he did not find evidence in favor of using adjusted counts compelling—despite SAP's split vote on the issue—and chose to use unadjusted totals for the official census results. In response, the New York plaintiffs resumed the lawsuit against the Department of Commerce. A federal district court divided in favor of the DOC in April of 1993. The U.S. Court of Appeals, however, rejected the previous court ruling and ordered that the case be reheard by the federal district court. In March of 1996, the U.S. Supreme Court finally ruled in favor of the Secretary of Commerce's decision to use the unadjusted census date, but did not rule on the legality or constitutionality of the use of statistical adjustment in producing apportionment counts.
For the 1990 Census, the U.S. Census Bureau utilized extensive user consultation prior to enumeration in order to refine both long and short form census questionnaires. The short form consisted of 13 questions and was given to the entire population. The long form asked 45 questions and was given to a 20 percent sample. The long form included topics related to marital history, carpooling, residence, residential elevators, and energy usage. Unlike the 1980 Census, the new census eliminated questions regarding air conditioning, the number of bathrooms in a residence, and the type of heating equipment used. A vast advertising campaign was marketed to increase public awareness of the census via public television, radio, and print media. Like the previous census, the Census of 1990 made a special effort to enumerate groups that have historically been undercounted in previous censuses called "S-Night": individuals in homeless shelters, soup kitchens, bus and railway stations, and dormitories (enumerated separately in the 1980 Census on "M-Night"); and permanent residents in hotels and motels (enumerated separately in the 1980 Census on "T-Night"). Following legal issues filed in response to the 1980 Census regarding statistical readjustment of undercounted areas, the Census Bureau initiated a post-enumeration survey (PES), in which a contemporaneous survey of households would be conducted and compare to the census results from the official census. In a partial resolution of a 1989 lawsuit filed by New York plaintiffs, the U.S. Department of Commerce agreed to use the PES to produce population data that had been adjusted for the projected undercount and that said data would be judged against the unadjusted data by the Secretary of Commerce's Special Advisory Panel (SAP).
The Census of 1990 also introduced the U.S. to the Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing System (TIGER), which was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Census Bureau. TIGER used computerized representations of various map features to geographically code addresses into appropriate census geographic areas. It also produced different maps required for census data collection and tabulation. Five years earlier, the Census Bureau became the first government agency to publish information on CD-ROM. For the 1990 Census, the bureau made detailed census data, which had previously been only available to organizations with large mainframe computers, accessible to any individual with a personal computer. Census data was also available in print, on computer tape, and on microfiche. Using two online service vendors, DIALOG and CompuServe, the Census Bureau also published select census data online.
As with previous censuses, the 1990 Census undercounted the national population, and again, the African-American population had an estimated net undercount rate that was significantly higher than the rate for other races. In July of 1991, the Secretary of Commerce announced that he did not find evidence in favor of using adjusted counts compelling—despite SAP's split vote on the issue—and chose to use unadjusted totals for the official census results. In response, the New York plaintiffs resumed the lawsuit against the Department of Commerce. A federal district court divided in favor of the DOC in April of 1993. The U.S. Court of Appeals, however, rejected the previous court ruling and ordered that the case be reheard by the federal district court. In March of 1996, the U.S. Supreme Court finally ruled in favor of the Secretary of Commerce's decision to use the unadjusted census date, but did not rule on the legality or constitutionality of the use of statistical adjustment in producing apportionment counts.
For the Census of 2000, the short form consisted of only seven questions, while the long form consisted of 52 questions and used for a 17 percent sample of the population. For the first time, race questions were not limited to a single category; rather, respondents were able to check multiple boxes. A new question related to grandparents as caregivers was also mandated by legislation passed in 1996. Disability questions were expanded to including hearing and vision impairments, as well as learning, memory, and concentration disabilities. The 2000 Census also eliminated questions related to children born, water sources, sewage disposal, and condominium status. In addition, the 2000 Census was the first in which the Internet was used as the principal medium for the dissemination of census information. Summary Files were available for download immediately upon release and individual tables could be viewed via American FactFinder, the Census Bureau's online database. Files were also available for purchase on CD-Rom and DVD.
Due to declining questionnaire mail-back rates, the U.S. Census Bureau marketed a $167 million national and local print, television, and public advertising campaign in 17 different languages. The campaign successfully brought the mail-back rate up to 67 percent. Additionally, respondents receiving the short form were given the option of responding via the Internet. Telephone questionnaire assistance centers available in 6 languages also took responses via the phone. Statistical sampling techniques were utilized in two ways: first, to alter the traditional 100 percent personal visit of non-responding households during the non-response follow-up (NRFU) process by instead following up on a smaller sample basis; second, the sampling of 750,000 housing units matched to housing unit questionnaires obtained from mail and telephone responses, as well as from personal visits. The goal of the latter was to develop adjustment factors for individuals estimated to have been missed or duplicated and to correct the census counts to produce one set of numbers. This "one-number census" would correct for net coverage errors called Integrated Coverage Measurement (ICM). Both of these measures were taken in an attempt to avoid repetition of the litigation costs generated by the 1980 Census and the 1990 Census. Despite these efforts, two lawsuits—one filed by the U.S. House of Representatives—were filed in February 1998 challenging the constitutionality and legality of the planned uses of sampling to produce apportionment counts. Both cases were decided in favor of the plaintiffs in federal district courts, but the U.S. Department of Commerce made appeals to the U.S. Supreme Court. Known as the U.S. Department of Commerce v. the U.S. House of Representatives, the Court ruled that the Census Bureau's plans to use statistical sampling for purposes of congressional apportionments violated the Census Act. The bureau revised its plan, stating that it would produce statistically adjusted data for non-apportionment uses of census data information, such as redistricting. However, in March of 2001, the Census Bureau recommended against the use of adjusted census data for redistricting due to accuracy concerns; the Secretary of Commerce determined that the unadjusted data would be released as the bureau's official redistricting data. The Director of the Census Bureau also rejected to the use of adjusted data for non-redistricting purposes in October of that same year.
Language
eng
Type
Collection
Coverage
Mosquito County, Florida
Brevard County, Florida
Flagler County, Florida
Lake County, Florida
Marion County, Florida
Orange County, Florida
Osceola County, Florida
Seminole County, Florida
Volusia County, Florida
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Contributor
Gibson, Ella
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>.
Rights Holder
<span>This resource is not subject to copyright in the United States and there are no copyright restrictions on reproduction, derivative works, distribution, performance, or display of the work. Anyone may, without restriction under U.S. copyright laws:</span>
<ul class="one_column_bullet"><li>reproduce the work in print or digital form</li>
<li>create derivative works</li>
<li>perform the work publicly</li>
<li>display the work</li>
<li>distribute copies or digitally transfer the work to the public by sale or other transfer of ownership, or by rental, lease, or lending.</li>
</ul><span>This resources is provided here by </span><a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a><span> for educational purposes only. For more information on copyright, please refer to </span><a href="http://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap1.html#105" target="_blank">Section 5</a><span> of </span><a href="http://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap1.html" target="_blank">Copyright Law of the United States of America and Related Laws Contained in Title 17 of the United States Code</a><span>.</span>
Source Repository
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>
External Reference
<span>United States. <a href="https://www.census.gov/history/pdf/wright-hunt.pdf" target="_blank"><em>Historical Statistics of the United States: Colonial Times to 1970</em></a></span><span>. Washington: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 1975. https://www.census.gov/history/pdf/histstats-colonial-1970.pdf.</span>
<span>United States, and Carroll D. Wright. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/166662" target="_blank"><em>The History and Growth of the United States Census</em></a></span><span>. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1900. https://www.census.gov/history/pdf/wright-hunt.pdf.</span>
"<a href="https://www.census.gov/history/www/through_the_decades/" target="_blank">Through the Decades</a>." United States Census Bureau, United States Department of Commerce. https://www.census.gov/history/www/through_the_decades/.
Document
A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.
Original Format
1 table
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
U.S. Census for Central Florida, 1960
Alternative Title
Census, 1960
Subject
Census--United States
Orange County (Fla.)
Marion County (Fla.)
Brevard County (Fla.)
St. Lucie County (Fla.)
Seminole County (Fla.)
Volusia County (Fla.)
Flagler County (Fla.)
Lake County (Fla.)
Osceola County (Fla.)
Population--United States
Description
The Eighteenth United States Census records for Brevard County, Flagler County, Lake County, Marion County, Orange County, Osceola County, Seminole County, and Volusia County, Florida, for 1960. The census divides the population by gender, race ("white", "black", "Japanese", "Chinese", "Filipino", and "other"), and native-born vs. foreign-born. Those who are foreign born are further divided by country of origin. The census then lists the population categorized by age, military service, transportation use, primary and secondary school attendance, and college attendance. The census also collected information on labor and on unemployment.<br /><br />The Census of 1960 was the first to be mailed to respondents. The U.S. Post Office Department delivered census questionnaires to households, the head of household was required to complete the questionnaire, and an enumerator was to pick it up. The enumeration process was divided into two stages: first, select data for each person and dwelling unit was collected; and second, more detailed economic and social data was collected from a sample of households and dwelling units. The census questionnaires for the second stage were hand-delivered by enumerators as they were collecting data from the first stage. Households receiving the second census questionnaire were to complete the form and mail it to their local census office. Twenty-five percent of the population was giving additional sample questions. Because of the increased use of sampling, less populated areas were prone to sampling variation; however, this did not significantly decrease the usefulness of census statistics gathered. Moreover, increased use of sampling reduced data processing costs. Additional questions included in the 1960 Census were related to places of work and means of transportation to work. By 1960, nearly all census data was processed using computers. The U.S. Census Bureau used a Film Optical Sensing Device for Input to Computer (FOSDIC) for the first time, thus decreasing the amount of time and money required for data input.
Type
Dataset
Source
Original census data collected by the <a href="http://www.census.gov/" target="_blank">U.S. Census Bureau</a>, 1960.
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/104" target="_blank">U.S. Census Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida.
Is Format Of
Digital reproduction of original census data collected by the <a href="http://www.census.gov/" target="_blank">U.S. Census Bureau</a>, 1960.
Coverage
Brevard County, Florida
Flagler County, Florida
Lake County, Florida
Marion County, Florida
Orange County, Florida
Osceola County, Florida
Seminole County, Florida
Volusia County, Florida
Creator
<a href="http://www.census.gov/" target="_blank">U.S. Census Bureau</a>
Publisher
<a href="http://www.commerce.gov/" target="_blank">U.S. Department of Commerce</a>
Contributor
Gibson, Ella
Date Created
ca. 1960-04-01
Format
image/jpg
Extent
1.75 MB
Medium
1 table
Language
eng
Mediator
History Teacher
Economics Teacher
Civics/Government Teacher
Geography Teacher
Provenance
Originally collected by the <a href="http://www.census.gov/" target="_blank">U.S. Census Bureau</a> and published by the <a href="http://www.commerce.gov/" target="_blank">U.S. Department of Commerce</a>.
Rights Holder
This resource is not subject to copyright in the United States and there are no copyright restrictions on reproduction, derivative works, distribution, performance, or display of the work. Anyone may, without restriction under U.S. copyright laws:
<ul class="one_column_bullet"><li>reproduce the work in print or digital form;</li>
<li>create derivative works;</li>
<li>perform the work publicly;</li>
<li>display the work;</li>
<li>distribute copies or digitally transfer the work to the public by sale or other transfer of ownership, or by rental, lease, or lending.</li>
</ul>
This resources is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. For more information on copyright, please refer to <a href="http://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap1.html#105" target="_blank">Section 5</a> of <a href="http://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap1.html" target="_blank">Copyright Law of the United States of America and Related Laws Contained in Title 17 of the United States Code</a>.
Accrual Method
Item Creation
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>
External Reference
"<a href="https://www.census.gov/history/www/through_the_decades/overview/1960.html" target="_blank">1960 Overview</a>." U.S. Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov/history/www/through_the_decades/overview/1960.html.
United States. <a href="https://www.census.gov/history/pdf/wright-hunt.pdf" target="_blank"><em>Historical Statistics of the United States: Colonial Times to 1970</em></a>. Washington: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 1975. https://www.census.gov/history/pdf/histstats-colonial-1970.pdf.
United States, and Carroll D. Wright. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/166662" target="_blank"><em>The History and Growth of the United States Census</em></a>. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1970. https://www.census.gov/history/pdf/wright-hunt.pdf.
U.S. Bureau of the Census. <a href="http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1960/proceduralHistory/1960proceduralhistory.zip" target="_blank"><em>1960 Censuses of Population and Housing: Procedural History</em></a>. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1966.
Transcript
U.S. Census of 1960
Population
Brevard County Flagler County Lake County Marion County Orange County Osceola County Seminole County Volusia County
Population Total 111,435 4,566 57,383 51,616 263,540 19,029 54,947 125,319
Males 56,724 2,297 28,893 24,940 129,843 9,237 27,495 59,635
Females 54,711 2,269 28,490 26,676 133,697 9,792 27,452 65,684
White Population Total 98,909 2,826 46,209 33,586 224,105 17,021 41,373 104,177
Males 50,286 1,406 22,691 16,535 109,757 8,239 20,900 49,530
Females 48,623 1,420 23,518 17,051 114,348 8,782 20,473 54,647
Black Population Total 12,334 1,733 11,122 18,001 39,088 1,977 13,500 21,048
Males 6,348 887 6,173 8,392 19,924 982 6,559 10,053
Females 5,986 846 4,949 9,609 19,164 995 6,941 10,995
Indian Population Total 78 2 34 16 89 21 3 24
Males 49 1 18 7 46 11 2 13
Females 29 1 16 9 43 10 1 11
Japanese Population Total 52 0 6 8 102 4 34 13
Males 11 0 2 2 42 2 14 5
Females 41 0 4 6 60 2 20 8
Chinese Population Total 14 0 0 0 60 0 0 19
Males 10 0 0 0 25 0 0 14
Females 4 0 0 0 35 0 0 5
Filipino Population Total 13 4 0 0 35 4 15 6
Males 5 2 0 0 14 2 9 3
Females 8 2 0 0 21 2 6 3
Other Race Population Total 35 1 12 5 61 2 22 32
Males 15 1 9 4 35 1 11 17
Females 20 0 3 1 26 1 11 15
Native-Born Population Total 11,374 N/A 5,825 2,751 27,317 2,065 4,391 20,186
Foreign-Born Population Total 100,061 N/A 51,558 48,865 236,223 16,964 50,556 105,133
Foreign-Born Population by Country of Origin United Kingdom 1,810 N/A 924 314 4,390 434 728 4,106
Irish Free State 414 N/A 171 97 845 96 113 1,010
Norway 164 N/A 113 20 444 34 59 290
Sweden 440 N/A 274 110 984 114 168 883
Denmark 158 N/A 75 33 321 28 66 259
Netherlands 147 N/A 77 32 381 26 74 253
Switzerland 103 N/A 87 52 287 29 48 215
France 295 N/A 109 83 543 63 78 430
Germany 1,969 N/A 981 516 4,214 460 737 3,566
Poland 433 N/A 157 390 1,125 58 183 634
Czechoslovakia 392 N/A 109 27 632 18 217 256
Austria 297 N/A 86 102 721 40 104 604
Hungary 197 N/A 74 48 577 33 70 415
Yugoslavia 73 N/A 31 21 222 28 31 201
USSR 275 N/A 77 63 931 13 98 555
Lithuania 118 N/A 12 61 154 4 30 120
Finland 88 N/A 55 4 166 9 66 129
Rumania 29 N/A 11 4 151 4 12 92
Greece 135 N/A 28 36 221 4 71 216
Italy 983 N/A 264 149 1,814 70 299 1,178
Portugal 57 N/A 4 4 43 0 12 74
Other European Countries 181 N/A 50 52 382 8 83 318
Asia 217 N/A 21 46 726 7 70 279
Canada 1,583 N/A 665 365 4,087 400 665 3,147
Mexico 46 N/A 26 0 167 4 4 33
Other North American Countries 533 N/A 1,194 79 2,115 61 139 508
Other 163 N/A 33 27 185 4 95 81
Unknown 74 N/A 117 16 489 16 71 334
Male Population by Marital Status Single 7,306 322 4,528 3,726 18,536 1,120 3,924 7,981
Married 28,357 1,125 15,250 11,960 66,364 5,148 13,327 33,219
Married, but Separated 587 76 372 545 1,967 108 491 990
Widowed 914 64 965 780 2,772 419 650 2,397
Divorced 960 36 448 444 2,189 177 345 1,230
Female Population by Marital Status Single 4,355 242 2,825 3,199 13,670 850 2,501 7,463
Married 28,245 1,072 14,909 1,304 66,413 5,155 12,350 33,699
Married, but Separated 664 52 371 781 2,394 135 656 1,357
Widowed 2,924 165 2,947 2,871 11,093 1,275 2,128 8,398
Divorced 1,017 28 494 584 3,038 178 442 1,974
Veteran Population by War or Conflict Total 178,181 491 6,962 5,615 35,621 2,555 6,478 18,002
Korean War 3,987 28 863 820 6,248 294 954 2,274
Korean War and World War II 1,529 32 233 204 2,485 136 454 605
World War II 9,091 293 3,420 3,068 18,672 1,105 3,488 8,857
World War I 1,389 33 1,552 832 4,014 611 800 4,269
Other Services 1,822 105 894 691 4,202 409 782 1,997
Population by Work Transportation Method Private Automobile 33,840 1,038 13,369 12,143 73,302 3,999 14,640 28,467
Railroad or Subway 17 N/A 13 4 13 N/A 8 70
Bus or Streetcar 542 18 71 64 4,505 42 70 1,510
Walking 3,022 144 1,859 2,081 7,529 617 1,689 4,002
Other Means 1,543 224 1,785 1,655 5,327 328 1,464 2,295
Working from Home 816 113 526 1,112 2,384 338 518 2,120
Not Reported 1,541 109 819 571 3,701 325 439 2085
Education
Brevard County Flagler County Lake County Marion County Orange County Osceola County Seminole County Volusia County
Population by School Enrollment Kindergarten 944 9 232 268 1,252 21 275 571
Public Kindergarten 317 5 129 111 558 11 172 370
Elementary (1-8 Years) 18,421 789 8,805 9,288 42,850 2,771 9,801 16,565
Public Elementary (1-8 Years) 17,139 785 8,708 9,078 40,071 2,739 9,026 15,728
High School (1-4 Years) 5,195 125 2,846 3,179 13,018 865 2,782 6,484
Public High School (1-4 Years) 5,005 125 2,755 3,155 12,091 850 2,528 6,204
College 494 16 111 402 1,936 25 162 2,412
Male Population by School Completion No School Completed 342 60 333 617 1,073 137 453 520
1-4 Years of Elementary School 1,583 251 1,808 2,008 5,133 476 1,402 2,372
5-6 Years of Elementary School 1,510 71 2,008 1,331 5,362 619 1,136 2,490
7 Years of Elementary School 1,262 86 1,164 822 3,617 548 750 2,035
8 Years of Elementary School 3,572 194 2,589 1,990 9,061 1,141 1,686 6,482
1-3 Years of High School 5,463 218 3,274 2,291 13,015 1,120 2,503 6,953
4 Years of High School 7,911 242 3,094 2,318 16,949 1,002 3,277 8,929
1-3 Years of College 3,804 56 1,236 898 8,107 366 1,519 3,681
4 Years of College 4,353 29 1,556 868 8,213 332 1,153 3,972
Female Population by School Completion No School Completed 180 30 179 378 742 79 224 384
1-4 Years of Elementary School 946 196 910 1,575 3,201 308 1,019 1,920
5-6 Years of Elementary School 1,439 112 1,569 1,413 4,499 441 1,157 2,243
7 Years of Elementary School 1,355 85 952 1,057 3,396 398 847 1,850
8 Years of Elementary School 3,199 158 2,613 1,894 9,234 1,370 1,645 6,566
1-3 Years of High School 5,829 270 3,615 3,237 15,859 1,496 3,306 9,149
4 Years of High School 10,140 277 4,317 3,353 23,559 1,449 4,282 13,131
1-3 Years of College 3,423 70 1,892 1,173 8,443 475 1,386 486
4 Years of College 2,047 25 1,249 815 5,536 307 830 3,404
Labor
Brevard County Flagler County Lake County Marion County Orange County Osceola County Seminole County Volusia County
Male Population in Labor Force Total 31,421 1,243 14,506 12,168 70,773 4,158 14,005 27,526
Civilian Labor Force 28,918 1,243 14,482 12,148 64,546 4,041 11,892 27,425
Armed Forces 2,505 N/A 24 20 6,227 117 2,113 101
Employed 27,957 1,208 13,391 11,662 61,565 3,901 11,232 26,188
Unemployed 961 35 1,091 486 2,981 140 660 1,237
Not in Labor Force 6,257 305 6,683 4,742 19,083 2,706 4,241 17,261
Female Population in Labor Force Total 12,608 499 6,105 6,840 33,714 1,965 6,458 16,457
Employed 11,865 473 5,689 6,411 31,725 1,867 6,127 15,474
Unemployed 727 26 414 429 1,881 98 331 979
Not in Labor Force 23,981 1,008 15,074 12,118 60,497 5,493 12,143 35,117
Employment by Industry Agriculture 1,118 299 3,913 2,400 6,685 626 2,216 1,591
Forestry and Fishery 74 55 46 97 31 27 69 129
Mining 28 9 29 214 54 5 4 21
Construction 4,223 109 1,912 1,542 9,669 783 2,139 4,502
Manufacturing 9,782 367 1,714 1,889 15,701 808 1,976 3,860
Furniture, Lumber, and Wood Products Manufacturing 100 147 235 689 500 217 126 401
Primary Metal Manufacturing 12 N/A 7 N/A 52 4 N/A 53
Fabricated Metal 3,570 N/A 146 56 6,987 266 522 235
Machinery, Except Electrical, Manufacturing 339 4 61 19 570 17 69 199
Electrical Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing 4,141 5 25 49 896 24 146 283
Motor Vehicle Manufacturing 16 N/A 4 12 68 18 4 34
Transportation Equipment, Except Motor Vehicle, Manufacturing 582 N/A 71 74 224 33 51 247
Durable Goods Manufacturing 228 200 294 92 890 47 220 857
Food and Kindred Products Manufacturing 402 N/A 625 524 3,379 74 308 553
Textile Mill Manufacturing 12 N/A 4 5 47 N/A 8 17
Apparel Manufacturing 36 N/A 8 124 195 N/A 154 190
Printing and Publishing 242 11 100 179 1,060 65 244 638
Chemical 35 N/A 102 36 475 22 88 49
Other Non-Durable Goods Manufacturing 67 N/A 31 30 358 21 36 104
Railroad and Railways Services 102 15 106 214 180 39 351 603
Trucking Services and Warehouse 191 36 139 180 1,118 50 242 261
Other Transportation 288 4 110 116 633 47 126 307
Communication 447 N/A 247 228 1,576 28 260 609
Utilities and Sanitary Services 515 18 157 218 1,231 93 327 764
Wholesale and Trade 702 51 1,315 597 4,605 187 706 1,030
Food and Dairy Product 930 50 587 568 2,505 194 349 1,382
Eating and Drinking Establishments 1,397 85 619 915 2,622 213 446 2,121
Other Retail Services 3,345 118 2,213 2,326 10,799 640 1,988 5,783
Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate 1,134 41 675 638 5,258 183 855 1,969
Business Services 3,603 N/A 156 112 1,345 20 157 601
Repair Services 379 14 282 235 1,574 61 297 797
Private Households 1,661 62 936 1,189 4,803 358 986 2,496
Other Personal Services 1,394 94 670 896 3,519 262 635 3,329
Entertainment and Recreation Service 238 4 96 234 922 34 232 647
Hospital 350 29 298 224 1,866 103 270 749
Education Services with the Government 1,306 41 644 826 2,581 257 542 1,431
Education Services with the Private Sector 358 9 134 80 1,115 28 202 911
Welfare and Non-Profit Organizations 295 13 331 210 1,248 85 177 584
Other Professional Services 871 17 439 364 3,184 104 396 1,332
Public Administration 3,322 40 594 827 4,317 237 870 1,707
Industry Not Reported 1,769 101 716 734 4,147 298 541 2,146
Male Population by Employment Technical and Kindred Workers 6,078 61 820 744 7,109 283 956 387
Engineers and Technical Workers 2,107 5 70 65 2,045 39 149 273
Medical and Other Health-Related Salaried Workers 52 N/A 56 38 278 14 32 109
Medical and Other Health-Related Self-Employed Workers 136 N/A 63 54 424 24 48 169
Teachers 251 4 149 133 414 52 139 259
Farmers and Farm Managers 159 53 462 660 663 132 257 348
Managers and Official Workers 3,934 172 1,970 1,788 9,023 490 1,708 4,711
Managers and Official Salaried Workers 2,467 89 1,054 902 5,362 267 944 2,296
Self-Employed Retail Trade Workers 541 45 363 370 1,360 99 304 920
Other Retail Workers 926 38 553 516 2,301 124 460 1,495
Clerical and Kindred Workers 1,894 30 472 487 3,741 171 581 1,226
Sales Workers 1,004 31 757 754 5,234 169 836 2,238
Retail Sales Workers 455 24 375 346 1,930 96 370 983
Sales Other Than Retail Workers 549 7 382 408 3,304 73 466 1,255
Craftsmen and Foremen 6,668 223 2,355 2,019 12,301 868 2,571 5,839
Construction Craftsmen 2,689 73 1,052 854 4,846 448 1,159 2,560
Foremen 841 26 308 191 1,487 79 241 457
Mechanics and Repair Men 1,837 88 644 577 2,949 180 600 1,538
Metal Craftsmen 295 13 53 66 630 49 52 214
Other Craftsmen 1,006 23 278 331 2,389 112 519 1,070
Operative Workers 2,744 196 1,967 2,047 8,192 595 1,537 2,969
Drivers and Deliverymen Workers 976 94 923 870 3,668 288 656 1,289
Private Household Workers 44 N/A 30 39 157 7 11 87
Service Workers 1,543 47 476 609 2,993 205 427 1,942
Protective Services Workers 531 14 148 144 659 61 132 497
Waiters, Bartenders, and Cooks 255 4 114 115 500 16 76 483
Other Service Workers 757 29 214 350 1,834 128 219 962
Farm Laborer and Farm Foremen 468 144 2,384 937 3,734 311 983 615
Laborers, Except Farm and Mine 1,802 185 1,160 1,095 5,175 440 966 2,212
Construction Laborers 713 24 313 271 1,775 172 401 713
Manufacturing Laborers 96 73 170 284 515 105 88 190
Other Industry Laborers 993 88 677 540 2,885 163 477 1,309
Occupation Not Reported 1,619 66 558 483 3,243 230 399 1,614
Female Population by Employment Technical and Kindred Workers 1,495 37 685 693 3,940 241 667 1,883
Medical and Other Health-Related Salaried Workers 245 8 197 111 981 46 152 471
Medical and Other Health-Related Self-Employed Workers 24 N/A 28 4 230 21 12 71
Teachers 690 20 321 326 1,533 112 308 672
Farmers and Farm Managers 12 N/A 37 49 61 16 16 44
Managers and Official Workers 816 41 401 426 1,473 95 344 1,209
Managers and Official Salaried Workers 438 33 165 204 898 44 201 512
Self-Employed Retail Trade Workers 210 8 151 121 322 21 96 318
Self-Employed Other Than Retail Manager Workers 168 N/A 85 101 253 30 47 379
Clerical and Kindred Workers 4,022 54 1,267 1,189 9,493 309 1,468 3,468
Secretaries, Stenographers, and Typists 1,805 4 337 365 3,525 98 515 1,057
Other Clerical Workers 2,217 50 930 824 5,968 211 953 2,411
Sales Workers 818 27 467 517 2,371 141 419 1,396
Retail Sales Workers 678 22 409 455 1,931 126 334 1,191
Sales Other Than Retail Workers 140 5 58 62 440 15 85 205
Craftsmen and Foremen 97 N/A 16 54 294 27 41 145
Private Household Workers 1,481 52 765 1,606 4,064 305 911 2,019
Service Workers 1,665 118 878 1,195 4,376 439 728 3,097
Waiters, Bartenders, and Cooks 902 45 375 571 1,763 220 323 1,268
Other Service Workers 761 73 503 624 2,613 219 405 1,829
Farm Laborer and Farm Foremen 21 48 277 306 772 25 619 174
Laborers 43 25 64 152 11 64 52
Occupation Not Reported 691 47 274 399 1,778 124 263 943
African Americans
agriculture
Amerindians
Anglo Americans
apparel
Armed Forces
Asian Americans
Austrian Americans
automobiles
bars
bartenders
Brevard County
British Americans
bus
buses
business services
Canadian Americans
cars
Caucasian Americans
census
Census of 1960
Central Americans
chemical
Chinese Americans
civilian labor
clerical
college education
communication
construction
cooks
crafts
craftsman
craftsmen
Czech Americans
Czechoslovakian Americans
dairy
Danish Americans
deliverymen
deliverywomen
divorced
domestic services
drinking establishments
drivers
durable goods
Dutch Americans
eating establishments
education
educations
electrical equipment
electrical machinery
elementary education
employees
engineers
English Americans
entertainment
European Americans
fabricated metal
farm managers
farmers
females
Filipino Americans
finance
Finnish Americans
fishery
Flagler County
food
food products
foreman
foremen
forestry
forewoman
forewomen
French Americans
furniture
German Americans
government
Greek Americans
health care
high school education
Hispanic Americans
hospitals
Hungarian Americans
immigrants
immigration
Indians
insurance
Irish Americans
Italian Americans
Japanese Americans
kindergarten
kindred products
Korean War
labor
labor force
laborers
Lake County
Latin Americans
Latinas
Latinos
Lithuanian Americans
lumber
machinery
males
managers
manufacturing
Marion County
marital status
married
mechanics
medical
Mexican Americans
mining
motor vehicles
Native Americans
non-durable goods
non-profit organizations
North Americans
Norwegian Americans
officials
operative
orange county
Osceola County
pedestrians
personal services
Polish Americans
population
Portuguese Americans
primary education
primary metal
printing
professionals
protective services
public administration
public education
public transportation
publishing
railroad services
railroads
railway services
real estate
recreation
repair
restaurants
retail
Romanian Americans
Russian Americans
salaried
sales
sanitary services
Scandinavian Americans
schools
secondary education
self-employed
Seminole County
separated
single
Slovakian Americans
Soviet Americans
streetcars
subways
Swedish Americans
Swiss Americans
teachers
technicak
technicians
textile mills
trade
transportation
transportation equipment
trucking services
U.S. Census
unemployment
university education
utilities
veterans
Volusia County
waiters
waitresses
walking
warehouses
warehousing
welfare
wholesale
widowed
wood products
workers
World War I
World War II
WWI
WWII
Yugoslavian Americans