1
100
7
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Florida Historical Quarterly Podcasts Collection
Alternative Title
FHQ Podcast Collection
Description
The <em>Florida Historical Quarterly </em>is the academic journal published four times per year by the Florida Historical Society in cooperation with the Department of History at the University of Central Florida. Each issue features peer-reviewed articles focusing on a wide variety of topics related to Florida history.
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>.
Language
eng
Type
Collection
Coverage
Florida
Contributing Project
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>
Curator
Burke, Mike
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/default" target="_blank">Florida Historical Society</a>
External Reference
"<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank">Florida Historical Quarterly</a>." Florida Historical Society. https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly.
"<a href="http://fhq.cah.ucf.edu" target="_blank">The Florida Historical Quarterly</a>." College of Arts and Humanities, University of Central Florida. http://fhq.cah.ucf.edu.
Sound/Podcast
A resource whose content is primarily intended to be rendered as audio.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Florida Historical Quarterly, Episode 29: Vol. 94, No. 4, Spring 2016
Alternative Title
Florida Historical Quarterly, Ep. 29
Subject
Phosphate industry--Florida
Mining--United States
Description
This podcast features an interview with Brad Massey, a Ph.D. candidate at the University of Florida, about his article on the Florida phosphate industry and the political controversy surrounding its arrangement with the Soviet Union in 1974.
Type
Sound
Source
Original 24-minute and 18-second audio podcast by Daniel S. Murphree, 2016: <a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>, Florida Historical Society, Cocoa, Florida.
Requires
<a href="http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer/" target="_blank"> Adobe Flash Player</a>
<a href="http://java.com/en/download/index.jsp" target="_blank"> Java</a>
Is Part Of
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>, Florida Historical Society, Cocoa, Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/collections/show/184" target="_blank">Florida Historical Quarterly Podcast Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida.
Coverage
Florida
Creator
Murphree, Daniel S.
Publisher
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>
Contributor
Massey, Brad
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/default" target="_blank">Florida Historical Society</a>
<a href="http://history.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">University of Central Florida, Department of History</a>
Date Created
2016
Date Issued
2016
Date Copyrighted
2016
Format
audio/mp3
Extent
257 MB
Medium
24-minute and 18-second audio podcast
Language
eng
Mediator
History Teacher
Economics Teacher
Provenance
Originally created by Daniel S. Murphree and published by the <a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>.
Rights Holder
Copyright to this resource is held by the <a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/default" target="_blank">Florida Historical Society</a> and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only.
Accrual Method
Donation
Contributing Project
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/default" target="_blank">Florida Historical Society</a>
External Reference
Massey, Nrad. "The Hammer, the Sickle, and the Phosphate Rock: The 1974 Political Controversy over Florida Phosphate Shipments to the Soviet Union." <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/69023195" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>. 94, no. 3 (2016).
Click to View (Movie, Podcast, or Website)
<a href="https://youtu.be/nbUIgTc3NQU" target="_blank">Episode 29: Vol. 94, No. 4, Spring 2016</a>
Afghanistan
American Communist Labor Party
ammonia
Armand Hammer
Bank of America
Brad Massey
cold war
communism
communists
company towns
convict leasing
Daniel S. Murphree
détente
draglines
Eastern Bloc
embargos
environmentalism
environmentalists
Ex-Im Bank
Export-Import Bank
FHQ
Florida Historical Quarterly
Ford Motor Company
globalization
Heinz Alfred Kissinger
Henry Alfred Kissinger
Henry Kissinger
Hooker Chemical Company
International Ore and Fertilizer Company
Jefferson Lake Sulphur Company
labor
laborers
mines
mining
Morocco
Muammar Gaddafi
Muammar Mohammed Abu Minyar Gaddafi
Nikita Khrushchev
Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev
Occidental Petroleum Corporation
OPEC
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries
Osceola National Forest
Oxy
Peace River
phosphate
pollution
price setting
recycling
Richard Bernard Stone
Richard Milhous Nixon
Richard Nixon
Richard Stone
Ronald Reagan
Ronald Wilson Reagan
socialism
socialists
Soviet Union
Soviet-Afghan War
Soviets
Stalinization
strip mining
Sunshine Skyway Bridge Disaster
trade deals
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
USSR
World War II
WWII
-
https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/53e1ea1a68b47a5bfba94b96a2e13df2.JPG
8d3405b2f6711453fc780fb765fdcecb
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Westinghouse Electric Collection
Alternative Title
Westinghouse Collection
Subject
Westinghouse Electric Corporation
Description
Originally called the Westinghouse Electric Company, George Westinghouse (1846-1914) founded his manufacturing company in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on January 8, 1886. In 1889, he renamed his business the The Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company. Westinghouse's primary products include turbines, generators, motors and switchgear related to the generation, transmission, and use of electricity. The company changed its name to Westinghouse Electric Corporation in 1945. In 1981, the company began to relocate its divison headquarters for the Steam-Turbine Generator Divisions from Pennsylvania (turbines from Lester and generators from Pittsburgh) to Orlando, Florida. The Power Generation Business Unit (PGBU) building was located in The Quadrangle, at 4400 Alafaya Trail. Originally, Westinghouse had purchased a large plot of land for future development that extended westward from Alafaya Trail to Rouse Road. The original headquarters was located on several acres of that land parcel close to Alafaya Trail.<br /><br />In 1994, after a major corporate management shuffling, and a top-level decision to change from an industrial manufacturing company to primarily a broadcasting/communications company, Westinghouse bought the CBS Network and changed its name to the CBS Corporation. As the PGBU grew in size, other buildings in the area were leased and then, after PGBU was sold to Siemens Corporation of Germany in 1998, additional buildings (Quad II and Quad III) were added to the original complex at the Quadrangle. From 1998 to 2003 the Orlando operation was known as Siemens-Westinghouse, after which the name of Westinghouse was dropped. The operation has been known as Siemens from that time forward.
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>.
Language
eng
Type
Collection
Coverage
Orlando, Florida
Curator
DeRosa, Peter
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
External Reference
"<a href="http://www.westinghousenuclear.com/About/History" target="_blank">History</a>." Westinghouse Nuclear. http://www.westinghousenuclear.com/About/History.
"<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/6422" target="_blank">Westinghouse Power Generation Booklet</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/6422.
Moving Image
A series of visual representations that, when shown in succession, impart an impression of motion.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Click to View (Movie, Podcast, or Website)
<a href="https://youtu.be/-tPePpMxJaA" target="_blank">President Jimmy Carter's Address to the Nation on Energy</a>
Title
President Jimmy Carter's Address to the Nation on Energy
Alternative Title
President Carter's Address on Energy
Subject
Presidents--United States
Energy--United States
Description
President Jimmy Carter (b. 1924) giving one of his fireside chats on energy. The message was usually focused on energy conservation. President Carter was elected to office several years after the 1973 Oil Embargo, which devastated the gas turbine market in the United State. Following the end of the embargo in 1974, U.S. government sought to conserve energy and reduce dependence on imported oil. During one of his fireside chats, President Carter introduced to the public the concept of cogeneration, which is a method of producing electricity and heat energy for industrial processes at the same time, usually with the use of gas turbines for power generation and the production of heat for industrial processes. Overall, cogeneration is considered to be a very efficient method of meeting both needs. President Carter was instrumental in the introduction and passage of the energy legislation of the late 1970s that greatly influenced the market for gas turbines, which reinvigorated the market for companies such as Westinghouse Electric.<br /><br />Originally called the Westinghouse Electric Company, George Westinghouse (1846-1914) founded his manufacturing company in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on January 8, 1886. In 1889, he renamed his business The Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company. Westinghouse's primary products include turbines, generators, motors and switchgear related to the generation, transmission, and use of electricity. The company changed its name to Westinghouse Electric Corporation in 1945. In 1981, the company began to relocate its division headquarters for the Steam-Turbine Generator Divisions from Pennsylvania (turbines from Lester and generators from Pittsburgh) to Orlando, Florida. The Power Generation Business Unit (PGBU) building was located in The Quadrangle, at 4400 Alafaya Trail. Originally, Westinghouse had purchased a large plot of land for future development that extended westward from Alafaya Trail to Rouse Road. The original headquarters was located on several acres of that land parcel close to Alafaya Trail.<br /><br />As the PGBU grew in size, other buildings were rented and then, after PGBU was sold to Siemens Corporation, additional buildings were added to the complex. In 1994, after a major corporate management shuffling and commitment to change from an industrial manufacturing company to primarily a broadcasting/communications company, Westinghouse bought the CBS Network and changed its name to the CBS Corporation. As the PGBU grew in size, other buildings were rented and then, after PGBU was sold to Siemens Corporation in 1998, additional buildings were added to the Quadrangle.
Source
Digital reproduction of original 4-minute and 25-second color film: Carter, Jimmy. "<a href="https://youtu.be/-tPePpMxJaA" target="_blank">President Jimmy Carter - Address to the Nation on Energy</a>." YouTube video, April 18, 1977, posted by the <a href="http://millercenter.org/" target="_blank">Miller Center</a>, March 28, 2008. https://youtu.be/-tPePpMxJaA.
Date Created
1977-04-18
Contributor
Jaeger, Harry L.
Has Format
Digital transcript of original color film: Carter, Jimmy. "<a href="http://millercenter.org/president/speeches/speech-3398" target="_blank">Address to the Nation on Energy</a>." Speech, Washington, D.C., April 18, 1977, <a href="http://millercenter.org/" target="_blank">Miller Center</a>. http://millercenter.org/president/speeches/speech-3398.
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/169" target="_blank">Westinghouse Electric Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida.
Requires
<a href="http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer/" target="_blank"> Adobe Flash Player</a>
<a href="http://java.com/en/download/index.jsp" target="_blank">Java</a>
Format
image/jpg
Medium
4-minute and 25-second color film
Language
eng
Type
Moving Image
Coverage
White House, Washington, D.C.
Accrual Method
Donation
Mediator
History Teacher
Civics/Government Teacher
Provenance
Originally published by the <a href="http://millercenter.org/" target="_blank">Miller Center</a>.
Rights Holder
Copyright to this resource is held by the <a href="http://millercenter.org/" target="_blank">Miller Center</a> and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only.
Curator
Jaeger, Harry L.
Cepero, Laura
External Reference
"<a href="http://millercenter.org/president/speeches/speech-3398" target="_blank">Address to the Nation on Energy (April 18, 1977)</a>." Miller Center, University of Virginia. http://millercenter.org/president/speeches/speech-3398.
"<a href="http://www.westinghousenuclear.com/About/History" target="_blank">History</a>." Westinghouse Nuclear. http://www.westinghousenuclear.com/About/History.
"<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/6422" target="_blank">Westinghouse Power Generation Booklet</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/6422.
Transcript
Good evening.
Tonight I want to have an unpleasant talk with you about a problem that is unprecedented in our history. With the exception of preventing war, this is the greatest challenge that our country will face during our lifetime.
The energy crisis has not yet overwhelmed us, but it will if we do not act quickly. It's a problem that we will not be able to solve in the next few years, and it's likely to get progressively worse through the rest of this century.
We must not be selfish or timid if we hope to have a decent world for our children and our grandchildren. We simply must balance our demand for energy with our rapidly shrinking resources. By acting now we can control our future instead of letting the future control us.
Two days from now, I will present to the Congress my energy proposals.. Its Members will be my partners, and they have already given me a great deal of valuable advice.
Many of these proposals will be unpopular. Some will cause you to put up with inconveniences and to make sacrifices. The most important thing about these proposals is that the alternative may be a national catastrophe. Further delay can affect our strength and our power as a nation.
Our decision about energy will test the character of the American people and the ability of the President and the Congress to govern this Nation. This difficult effort will be the "moral equivalent of war," except that we will be uniting our efforts to build and not to destroy.
Now, I know that some of you may doubt that we face real energy shortages. The 1973 gas lines are gone, and with this springtime weather, our homes are warm again. But our energy problem is worse tonight than it was in 1973 or a few weeks ago in the dead of winter. It's worse because more waste has occurred and more time has passed by without our planning for the future. And it will get worse every day until we act.
The oil and natural gas that we rely on for 75 percent of our energy are simply running out. In spite of increased effort, domestic production has been dropping steadily at about 6 percent a year. Imports have doubled in the last 5 years. Our Nation's economic and political independence is becoming increasingly vulnerable. Unless profound changes are made to lower oil consumption, we now believe that early in the 1980's the world will be demanding more oil than it can produce.
The world now uses about 60 million barrels of oil a day, and demand increases each year about 5 percent. This means that just to stay even we need the production of a new Texas every year, an Alaskan North Slope every 9 months, or a new Saudi Arabia every 3 years. Obviously, this cannot continue.
We must look back into history to understand our energy problem. Twice in the last several hundred years, there has been a transition in the way people use energy.
The first was about 200 years ago, when we changed away from wood--which had provided about 90 percent of all fuel—to coal, which was much more efficient. This change became the basis of the Industrial Revolution.
The second change took. place in this century, with the growing use of oil and natural gas. They were more convenient and cheaper than coal, and the supply seemed to be almost without limit. They made possible the age of automobile and airplane travel. Nearly everyone who is alive today grew up during this period, and we have never known anything different.
Because we are now running out of gas and oil, we must prepare quickly for a third change—to strict conservation and to the renewed use of coal and to permanent renewable energy sources like solar power.
The world has not prepared for the future. During the 1950's, people used twice as much oil as during the 1940's. During the 1960's, we used twice as much as during the 1950's. And in each of those decades, more oil was consumed than in all of man's previous history combined.
World consumption of oil is still going up. If it were possible to keep it rising during the 1970's and 1980's by 5 percent a year, as it has in the past, we could use up all the proven reserves of oil in the entire world by the end of the next decade.
I know that many of you have suspected that some supplies of oil and gas are being withheld from the market. You may be right, but suspicions about the oil companies cannot change the fact that we are running out of petroleum.
All of us have heard about the large oil fields on Alaska's North Slope. In a few years, when the North Slope is producing fully, its total output will be just about equal to 2 years' increase in our own Nation's energy demand.
Each new inventory of world oil reserves has been more disturbing than the last. World oil production can probably keep going up for another 6 or 8 years. But sometime in the 1980's, it can't go up any more. Demand will overtake production. We have no choice about that.
But we do have a choice about how we will spend the next few years. Each American uses the energy equivalent of 60 barrels of oil per person each year. Ours is the most wasteful nation on Earth. We waste more energy than we import. With about the same standard of living, we use twice as much energy per person as do other countries like Germany, Japan, and Sweden.
One choice, of course, is to continue doing what we've been doing before. We can drift along for a few more years.
Our consumption of oil would keep going up every year. Our cars would continue to be too large and inefficient. Three-quarters of them would carry only one person—the driver—while our public transportation system continues to decline. We can delay insulating our homes, and they will continue to lose about 50 percent of their heat in waste. We can continue using scarce oil and natural gas to generate electricity and continue wasting two-thirds of their fuel value in the process.
If we do not act, then by 1985 we will be using 33 percent more energy than we use today.
We can't substantially increase our domestic production, so we would need to import twice as much oil as we do now. Supplies will be uncertain. The cost will keep going up. Six years ago, we paid $3.7 billion for imported oil. Last year we spent $36 billion for imported oil—nearly 10 times as much. And this year we may spend $45 billion.
Unless we act, we will spend more than $550 billion for imported oil by 1985—more than $2,500 for every man, woman, and child in America. Along with that money that we transport overseas, we will continue losing American jobs and become increasingly vulnerable to supply interruptions.
Now we have a choice. But if we wait, we will constantly live in fear of embargoes. We could endanger our freedom as a sovereign nation to act in foreign affairs. Within 10 years, we would not be able to import enough oil from any country, at any acceptable price.
If we wait and do not act, then our factories will not be able to keep our people on the job with reduced supplies of fuel.
Too few of our utility companies will have switched to coal, which is our most abundant energy source. We will not be ready to keep our transportation system running with smaller and more efficient cars and a better network of buses, trains, and public transportation.
We will feel mounting pressure to plunder the environment. We will have to have a crash program to build more nuclear plants, strip mine and bum more coal, and drill more offshore wells than if we begin to conserve right now.
Inflation will soar; production will go down; people will lose their jobs. Intense competition for oil will build up among nations and also among the different regions within our own country. This has already started.
If we fail to act soon, we will face an economic, social, and political crisis that will threaten our free institutions. But we still have another choice. We can begin to prepare right now. We can decide to act while there is still time. That is the concept of the energy policy that we will present on Wednesday.
Our national energy plan is based on 10 fundamental principles. The first principle is that we can have an effective and comprehensive energy policy only if the Government takes responsibility for it and if the people understand the seriousness of the challenge and are willing to make sacrifices.
The second principle is that healthy economic growth must continue. Only by saving energy can we maintain our standard of living and keep our people at work. An effective conservation program will create hundreds of thousands of new jobs.
The third principle is that we must protect the environment. Our energy problems have the same cause as our environmental problems—wasteful use of resources. Conservation helps us solve both problems at once.
The fourth principle is that we must reduce our vulnerability to potentially devastating embargoes. We can protect ourselves from uncertain supplies by reducing our demand for oil, by making the most of our abundant resources such as coal, and by developing a strategic petroleum reserve.
The fifth principle is that we must be fair. Our solutions must ask equal sacrifices from every region, every class of people, and every interest group. Industry will have to do its part to conserve just as consumers will. The energy. producers deserve fair treatment, but we will not let the oil companies profiteer.
The sixth principle, and the cornerstone of our policy, is to reduce demand through conservation. Our emphasis on conservation is a clear difference between this plan and others which merely encouraged crash production efforts. Conservation is the quickest, cheapest, most practical source of energy. Conservation is the only way that we can buy a barrel of oil for about $2. It costs about $13 to waste it.
The seventh principle is that prices should generally reflect the true replacement cost of energy. We are only Cheating ourselves if we make energy artificially cheap and use more than we can really afford.
The eighth principle is that Government policies must be predictable and certain. Both consumers and producers need policies they can count on so they can plan ahead. This is one reason that I'm working with the Congress to create a new Department of Energy to replace more than 50 different agencies that now have some control over energy.
The ninth principle is that we must conserve the fuels that are scarcest and make the most of those that are plentiful. We can't continue to use oil and gas for 75 percent of our consumption, as we do now, when they only make up 7 percent of our domestic reserves. We need to shift to plentiful coal, while taking care to protect the environment, and to apply stricter safety standards to nuclear energy.
The tenth and last principle is that we must start now to develop the new, unconventional sources of energy that we will rely on in the next century.
Now, these 10 principles have guided the development of the policy that I will describe to you and the Congress on Wednesday night.
Our energy plan will also include a number of specific goals to measure our progress toward a stable energy system. These are the goals that we set for 1985:
—to reduce the annual growth rate in our energy demand to less than 2 percent;
—to reduce gasoline consumption by 10 percent below its. current level;
—to cut in half the portion of U.S. oil which is imported—from a potential level of 16 million barrels to 6 million barrels a day;
—to establish a strategic petroleum reserve of one billion barrels, more than a 6-months supply;
—to increase our coal production by about two-thirds to more than one billion tons a year;
—to insulate 90 percent of American homes and all new buildings;
—to use solar energy in more than 2 1/2 million houses.
We will monitor our progress toward these goals year by year. Our plan will call for strict conservation measures if we fall behind. I can't tell you that these measures will be easy, nor will they be popular. But I think most of you realize that a policy which does not ask for changes or sacrifices would not be an effective policy at this late date.
This plan is essential to protect our jobs, our environment, our standard of living, and our future. Whether this plan truly makes a difference will not be decided now here in Washington but in every town and every factory, in every home and on every highway and every farm.
I believe that this can be a positive challenge. There is something especially American in the kinds of changes that we have to make. We've always been proud, through our history, of being efficient people. We've always been proud of our ingenuity, our skill at answering questions. Now we need efficiency and ingenuity more than ever.
We've always been proud of our leadership in the world. And now we have a chance again to give the world a positive example.
We've always been proud of our vision of the future. We've always wanted to give our children and our grandchildren a world richer in possibilities than we have had ourselves. They are the ones that we must provide for now. They are the ones who will suffer most if we don't act.
I've given you some of the principles of the plan. I'm sure that each of you will find something you don't like about the specifics of our proposal. It will demand that we make sacrifices and changes in every life. To some degree, the sacrifices will be painful—but so is any meaningful sacrifice. It will lead to some higher costs and to some greater inconvenience for everyone. But the sacrifices can be gradual, realistic, and they are necessary. Above all, they will be fair. No one will gain an unfair advantage through this plan. No one will be asked to bear an unfair burden.
We will monitor the accuracy of data from the oil and natural gas companies for the first time, so that we will always know their true production, supplies, reserves, and profits. Those citizens who insist on driving large, unnecessarily powerful cars must expect to pay more for that luxury.
We can be sure that all the special interest groups in the country will attack the part of this plan that affects them directly. They will say that sacrifice is fine as long as other people do it, but that their sacrifice is unreasonable or unfair or harmful to the country. If they succeed with this approach, then the burden on the ordinary citizen, who is not organized into an interest group, would be crushing.
There should be only one test for this program—whether it will help our country. Other generations of Americans have faced and mastered great challenges. I have faith that meeting this challenge will make our own lives even richer. If you will join me so that we can work together with patriotism and courage, we will again prove that our great Nation can lead the world into an age of peace, independence, and freedom.
Thank you very much, and good night.
Alaska
coal
cogeneration
Congress
DOE
electricity
embargo
embargoes
employment
energy
energy conservation
environment
environmentalism
federal government
fireside chats
fuel
gasoline
Industrial Revolution
James Earl Carter, Jr.
Jimmy Carter
jobs
natural gas
North Slope
nuclear
offshore drilling
oil
petroleum
presidents
renewable energy
resources
solar power
U.S. Department of Energy
utilities
utility
-
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de2411b77ffa9c7a87d48d8bc30e0846
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ccc52a4bda6f188e3deed01c2b5e7b6f
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Jared Muha Collection
Subject
Lake Apopka (Fla.)
Agriculture--Florida
Migrant labor
Apopka (Fla.)
Description
A collection of oral history interviews conducted by Jared Muha.
Creator
Muha, Jared
Publisher
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"> RICHES</a>
Rights Holder
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"> RICHES</a>
Curator
Cravero, Geoffrey
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank"> RICHES MI</a>
Oral History
A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Oral History of Geraldean Matthew
Alternative Title
Oral History, Matthew
Subject
Apopka, Lake (Fla.)
Apopka (Fla.)
Migrant labor
Agriculture--Florida
Race relations--United States
Environmental justice--United States
Description
An oral history interview of Geraldean Matthew, a third-generation farmworker and advocate for environmental justice and migrant farmworkers’ rights. The interview was conducted by Jared Muha in Apopka, Florida, on October 30, 2014. Some of the topics covered include a summary of Matthew’s life, leaving home at age 13, her relationships with her mother and father, her slave heritage, her grandparents, segregation, traveling to the North, tramp trucks and maggot workers, life in labor camps, the replacement of African-American workers with Hispanic workers and the relationship between the two races, educational programs and retraining of the replaced workers, the effects of unemployment and underemployment on African-American families, working for environmental justice and farmworker’s rights, her contribution to <em>Fed Up: The High Costs of Cheap Food</em>, a book about sexual misconduct by crew leaders, modern farms in Florida and the treatment of Hispanic workers today. Matthew passed away in 2016.
Table Of Contents
0:00:00 Introduction <br />0:04:47 Parents and leaving home at age 13 <br />0:09:04 Grandparents <br />0:11:32 Segregation and discrimination <br />0:17:25 Labor camps <br />0:22:31 Hispanic replacements for African American workers <br />0:31:11 Educational programs, retraining, and unemployment <br />0:38:27 Environmental justice and labor rights <br />0:42:08 Her Children’s Experiences as Farmworkers <br />0:42:53 <em>Fed Up: The High Costs of Cheap Food</em> by Dale Finley Slongwhite <br />0:47:11 Sexual abuse by crew leaders <br />0:49:35 RECORDING CUTS OFF <br />0:49:35 Modern farm labor and Hispanic workers <br />0:51:28 Closing remarks
Abstract
Oral history interview of Geraldean Matthew. Interview conducted by Jared Muha in Apopka, Florida, on October 30, 2014.
Type
Sound
Source
Matthew, Geraldean. Interviewed by Jared Muha, October 30, 2014. Audio record available. <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>, Orlando, Florida.
Requires
Multimedia software, such as <a href="http://www.apple.com/quicktime/download/" target="_blank"> QuickTime</a>.
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/collections/show/219">Jared Muha Collection</a>, Apopka Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES.
Has Format
Digital transcript of original 51-minute and 42-second oral history: Matthew, Geraldean. Interviewed by Jared Muha. Audio record available. <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>, Orlando, Florida.
Coverage
Apopka, Florida
Belle Glade, Florida
Lake Apopka, Apopka, Florida
Creator
Matthew, Geraldean
Muha, Jared
Publisher
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>
Date Created
2014-10-30
Date Copyrighted
2014-10-30
Format
audio/mp3
application/pdf
Extent
47.3 MB
254 KB
Medium
51-minute and 42-second audio recording
31-page digital transcript
Language
eng
Mediator
History Teacher
Provenance
Originally created by Geraldean Matthew and Jared Muha and published by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>.
Rights Holder
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>
Accrual Method
Item Creation
Curator
Cravero, Geoffrey
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
External Reference
Balogh, Christopher. "<a href="http://www.orlandoweekly.com/orlando/apopka-farmworkers-say-pesticide-exposure-caused-illnesses/Content?oid=2248681" target="_blank">Apopka farmworkers say pesticide exposure caused illnesses</a>." <em>Orlando Weekly</em>, June 1, 2011. Accessed July 11, 2016. http://www.orlandoweekly.com/orlando/apopka-farmworkers-say-pesticide-exposure-caused-illnesses/Content?oid=2248681.
Slongwhite, Dale Finley, and Jeannie Economos. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/857802909" target="_blank"><em>Fed Up: The High Costs of Cheap Food</em></a>. 2014.
Comas, Martin E. "<a href="http://www.orlandosentinel.com/health/os-apopka-farmworkers-lupus-20150918-story.html" target="_blank">Sick Apopka farmworkers hope for major study of their illnesses</a>." <em>The Orlando Sentinel</em>, September 19, 2015. Accessed May 25 ,2016. http://www.orlandosentinel.com/health/os-apopka-farmworkers-lupus-20150918-story.html.
Giagnoni, Silvia. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/715188868" target="_blank"><em>Fields of Resistance The Struggle of Florida's Farmworkers for Justice</em></a>. Chicago, Ill: Haymarket Books, 2011.
Rothenberg, Daniel. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/38475492" target="_blank"><em>With These Hands: The Hidden World of Migrant Farmworkers Today</em></a>. New York: Harcourt Brace & Co., 1998.
McCauley, Linda A., Michael R. Lasarev, Gregory Higgins, Joan Rothlein, Juan Muniz, Caren Ebbert, and Jackie Phillips. "<a href="http://resolver.flvc.org/ucf?sid=google&auinit=LA&aulast=McCauley&atitle=Work+characteristics+and+pesticide+exposures+among+migrant+agricultural+families:+a+community-based+research+approach.&id=pmid:11401767" target="_blank">Work Characteristics and Pesticide Exposures among Migrant Agricultural Families: A Community-Based Research Approach</a>." <em>Environmental Health Perspectives</em>, Vol. 109, No. 5 (May, 2001): 533-538.
Das, Rupali, Andrea Steege, Sherry Baron, John Beckman, and Robert Harrison. "<a href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1179/107735201800339272" target="_blank">Pesticide-related Illness among Migrant Farm Workers in the United States</a>." <em>International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health</em>, Vol. 7, Issue 4 (2001): 303-312.
Rodgers, Bethany. "<a href="http://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/orange/os-apopka-farmworker-geraldean-matthew-20161006-story.html" target="_blank">Pillar in Apopka farmworker community dies at age 66</a>." <em>Orlando Sentinel</em>, October 9, 2016. Accessed October 10, 2016. http://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/orange/os-apopka-farmworker-geraldean-matthew-20161006-story.html.
Transcript
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>This is Jared Muha. I’m here on October 30<sup>th</sup>[, 2014] with Geraldean Matthew. Um, Geraldean, to start off, can I ask you just to tell you—tell—tell me a little bit about yourself, um, and who you are?</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Well, I’m Geraldean Matthew. I was Geraldean Shannon before I got married and became—became the—Matthew. Um, I come from Palm Beach County, a little place in the—on the, um, eastern shores of Palm—of Palm Beach. Um, I was a migrant farmworker. I’m the third generations[sic] of farmworkers—uh, of migrant workers in my family, and, um, we continued—I continued to do farm work until, um, 1972.</p>
<p>Um, I can remember as far as[sic] back when I was three years old, traveling to see them with my mom on what you call a “traffic truck”—a “tramp truck,” and it’s[sic] taken us from Belle Glade, Florida, to the New York states[sic] to pick apples and beans—whatever state we were in, whatever the vegetable was, and, um, in traveling back, we stopped in a little town called Mount Dora, and from Mount Dora to Apopka, and that’s when we decided to stay here to work in the oranges, which was our first time ever picking oranges, and from there we ended up staying here in Apopka, and, um, I left home at the age of 13 and went out on my own and been out on my own ever since, and from there, I got married and I end[sic] up with six babies, uh—12 years of marriage, and then I divorce[sic] and from there, I had to take care of my kids and raise my kids alone, and I continued to travel, and in 1972, that’s when I gave it up. I didn’t want to put my children through what I had went[sic] through—changing schools every two or three months because you’ve got to move to the next state to work.</p>
<p>So, um, we remaineded[sic] here in—in—in Apopka, Florida, and from that, I continued to work in the fields, um, cutting and jiving[?], packing corn, and picking string beans, and, uh, whatever else they had for us to do—working in the carrots, and, um, from there, I just got tired of the—the—the farm work…</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Hm.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>And I went into doing the foliage work, uh—potting flowers, and that—I liked it pretty good, and I stayed there for a number of years, and then from there, I volunteered to work with the Farmworker Association[ of Florida] and I landed a job with the association, and I worked there doing different types of jobs in the organization, and, um, I started advocating for poor people[sic] rights in Tallahassee, and that was one of the most awesome jobs I had ever had in my life. Just having a—just a 10<sup>th</sup> grade education, it was really awesome, because I never thought in life that I would land such a good job, and from there, I started working, uh—after they laid me off ‘cause lack of, uh, grants, I start[sic] working with Orange County Health Department and then, uh, Env—En—Environmental Protection [Agency], and, uh, I worked there with David Overfield for a few months, and then I got sick with my kidney. Worked from December until April, and the kidney broke down and I had to stop working with them.</p>
<p>I, uh, left them in June, and from there I got sicker and sicker, and I ended up on kidney dialysis. So right now, that’s where I basically is[sic]. I’m on kidney dialysis three days a week. Um, I just was told a month ago that my liver is gone. My heart—there’s nothing they can do. So right now, I have my good days, I have my bad days, and I just, you know, I have to accept what life throws at me and depend on the grace of the Good Lord. So right now that’s where I am.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Um, there’s a lot of times, if I’m able to go to the grocery stores, um, I always tell people, “My job is not finished,” because I stand in the grocery stores and I talk with peoples[sic] about the use of pesticide in the field. Those that are still out there working.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>I’ve talked with them.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>And, um, let them know that it’s not finished, you know? You’re still being sprayed with the pesticide if you’re still in the fields.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Well, thank you for telling me all that.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Hm.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>So you mentioned a few things that I wanna ask about.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Mmhmm?</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Some now and some later. The first thing—um, you said you were 13 years old when you went on your own?</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Yes.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>So can you tell me like how that happened and—and what—what that was like being 13 and on your own?</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Well, the reason I left home when I was 13—because of a step-father, and, um, he didn’t treat my mom right, and I had a sister and a brother, at that time, and he didn’t treat them right. He were[sic] more like afraid of me, ‘cause I used to threaten him all the time about if he would hit me, what I would do to him. So I didn’t have to worry about getting licks from him, but he would beat my sister and beat my brother so bad[sic], and my mom, she didn’t—she wasn’t a violent person and I just couldn’t—I couldn’t take it—seeing her not saying nothing at the way he was treating the family.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>So one day I just packed and I left, and, um, I was, you know—I was tall. I was always a tall girl. So I could pass off for 17 years old, 18 years old—and that’s what I did.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>And, um, I got a man—uh, a man and his wife to say they was[sic] my mom and, um, take me to the courthouse, and I got married.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Hm.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>And when I got married, then I was, you know—it was better for me to be married. That way I could—continue to help my mom.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>And I didn’t move from around my mom until after about four years and—I was married and I moved to another town.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Okay.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>But I would come see her every Saturday.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Mmhmm, but you continued working at the fields?</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Mmhmm, I continued to work in the fields.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Mmhmm, you just did it on your own then?</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Yep, mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Okay.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>It was—it was like—it was hard, but, you know, having somebody to help you, it wasn’t so difficult, because my thing was I always wanted to give my mom—I always wanted to make sure that my mom had—and I was able to help my mom.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>So after the marriage was over with of 12 years, then I continued to work, but I was always able to go by my mom[sic] house and give my mom money to help her.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Because my mom was a young lady when she got—she took sick. She was 36…</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>When she took sick.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>So yeah, I wanted to ask about your parents too. I mean, um, so—so your parents were farmworkers, as well?</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Yes, my mom and my father were farmworkers when they met. My mom was 13 years old and my daddy was 15 years old.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>And, um, when my mom got pregnant with me at the age of 13 years old, my father got—was afraid, and my father, he was big for—big, big, big boy…</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>And he ran off and lied and went into the military. So he was in the Air Force all his life.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>He made a career out of it, and in, um—in 1960, he come[sic] home and everybody was saying that I was his baby, and he took a look at me and said, “Oh, yeah, that is my baby.”</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>[<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>And they said then he wanted to be a part of my life, but he went back into the Air Force, and then, when he come[sic] back home, that[sic] when he begin[sic] to fight my mom for, uh, a part of my life. So they took it to court and the court give[sic] him, um—I stayed six months with my mom in Belle Glade, and I stayed six months with my father in Miami, and my father was called by mistake to go back into the military, and that’s when his mama and his wife decided to send me home…</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Okay.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>To my mom.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>And I never communicated with him again. When I seen[sic] my father again, it was 1972.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Hm.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>He came here and visit[sic] me, and I haven’t seen him again since.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Hm.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>‘Cause he, um—he went fishing in Miami and he never was found again.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Mmhmm, okay. Do you remember any stories that your mother or father had told you about their days working on the farms?</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Yeah, my mom used to, um, tell us about when they was[sic] children and the sh—her mom and her father was[sic] together, how they would go to work. Uh, they was[sic]—they was[sic], um, picking cotton, and how they would go to work and work days and—I mean hours and hours in the cotton fields.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Um, she mostly talked about my grandmother, but—because my grandmother was a slave…</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>And she talked about—we talked about a lot of slavery in that—in our house…</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Because of my grandmother being a slave.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Um, sh—I mean, it wasn’t no[sic] [inaudible] generation. Slavery was right at our backdoor.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>And, um, that’s mostly what she’d talk about. She never really just do a lot of talk[sic] about herself as a little girl, you know? Sometimes she would tell us stories about how the crew leaders would try to do little nasty things and stunts and things they would pull, you know—and how my grandmother would defend them and stuff.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Yeah, and mostly talks about my grandmother and mostly talks about her father and mostly her grandfather. Her grandfather was—uh, mostly talk of the family was her [<em>laughs</em>] grandfather. They used to tell us stories about how funny he was and how, you know, he—he—after coming off the slave camps, he’d never taken crap off of anybody again and how mean he was, and mostly what they talk about—even ‘til today, they talk about my great-granddaddy—how, you know—how raw[?] he got and, you know, just didn’t want nothing[sic] wrong to go—nothing in the family to go wrong.</p>
<p><strong>Muha </strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>All the way up until he passed away, but my family, they’re originally from Georgia—Fort Valley [State University], Georgia, and I used to have to go there after—if my mama didn’t feel like taking us up on[sic] to see her, she would take us to Georgia and leave me with my grandmother.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Hm.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>So I would stay, uh, the month of June, July, August, and come back when school start[sic] in September.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>We would go back to Belle Glade.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>But if we was[sic] traveling, we would go to school wherever we was[sic].</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>So, um, you mentioned that, uh, you would travel, you know, during cer— certain seasons to—to pick in other states.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Um, I’m wondering if you could tell me a little bit about that. How did—how did what you experienced in other states differ from Apopka?</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>It was much different from my home in Belle Glade.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>It was much…</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>In Belle Glade? Right[?].</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Different from Belle Glade, because Belle Glade was a very, very violent town. Very vi—violent, and those states was[sic] more calmer[sic]. You saw more respect. In Belle Glade, there was no respect at all.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Mmhmm.<strong> </strong></p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Because Belle Glade was build[sic] up on people of all nationalities. It wasn’t just the people from Belle Glade. It was the people from all over the Caribbean Islands, and there was no respect. If you was[sic] a child in Belle Glade, you knew everything that an adult knew when you was[sic] six or seven years old.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>And it wasn’t nice. It wasn’t nice at all. So when we’d travel to the other states, we see the childrens[sic] more respectable[sic], it make[sic] you feel a difference. You be[sic] like, <em>Wow, why I can’t be like that child?</em> You know, and the schools was[sic] different, because Belle Glade schools, they wasn’t[sic] segregated, and those schools up North, they were segregated. So you got a chance to go to school—go—go to a—a school—a minority[?] school, and it was a big difference. It was like—the first time you went, it was scary, scary, scary, and as you continue to go, then the children begin to talk with you and you begin to meet friends, but when you first go—first start, you are told, “Oh, you can’t play with them little white children.” You know, because that was the way the South was out here.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>We could not—we didn’t play with the childrens[sic] across the track, you know? We stayed on our side of the track and the whites stayed on their side of the track. So we didn’t know the feeling of being with, uh, the white childrens[sic]. We didn’t know that feeling.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>So when I went up to travel up North, then we connected with that. That was—to us it was weird, you know, but then, as we traveled to a—we might be in say, New Jersey—the childrens[sic] are one way in New Jersey, and when we get up to maybe New York, the children are different wherever they are—different style[?]. We had—we had to adapt to that, but as we continued down through the years, then it became like nothing to us, you know?</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>It was, you know—we expecting[sic] it.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Right.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>And it was all good, but I can remember the bad times when we travel[sic] and we was[sic] told that—we would stop and we would buy gas, and then if you needed—if one of the children needed to use the restroom, we was[sic] told that we couldn’t use the restroom, and by me coming from the Deep South down here—coming up here, we’d have thought it was better, but it was worse in North Carolina.</p>
<p><strong>Muha <br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>You want to use the bathroom after you done purchased gas, they tell you to go out there in the cornfield.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Wow.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>And that wasn’t—that wasn’t right with us, you know?</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>That wasn’t right.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>And it—it finally growed[sic] on us, you know? It finally growed[sic] on us, but we, as childrens[sic]—being a migrant worker, you really enjoyed, because you’ll come in—you’ll see things that you probably wouldn’t have never[sic] seen if you wasn’t[sic] a migrant worker.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Yeah, because—like right now, you travel from Florida to Georgia, you don’t see any mountains, and back in our days, there were mountains. By the time you get to Savannah, Georgia, you got mountains. North Carolina on up, but now, you don’t see that like you did—did when I was a child.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>And, um, childrens[sic]—childrens[sic] nowadays will never get the opportunity that we had and that make[sic] me appreciate my life ,because I got a chance to do something that children nowadays would never do. I got a chance to travel on the back of a truck full[?] the women and childrens[sic] going up north. That was awesome. I got a chance to stop - when they stopped the truck, we would stop in the mountains and we would go up in the mountains and we would cook our food, and water would be coming down the mountain and we would take baths in the water. Children would never see that now, but, you know, it made us feel good. It made us feel good, ‘cause the adult[sic] used to get mad. We out there, the water running down the mountain streams…</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>And we were washing our skin and they were arguing, because we were so happy, you know?</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>[<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>We cooking our food and stuff and we so happy, and they would argue, because life was really hard for the adults that had childrens[sic].</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>To be on the back of a tru—of a—a truck—they called them “tramp trucks,” ‘cause that’s what they called us—tramps. We was[sic] either tramps or we was[sic] either maggot workers. We wasn’t[sic] called “migrants.” We was called “maggot worker.” “There go[sic] those maggot workers.”</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>By who[sic]?</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Hm?</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Who would—who would call you that?</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>The peoples[sic] in the town where we was[sic] going, and then we would live on labor camps. Some of them would have bathrooms and some of them wouldn’t, and we would have to go down to the river to drink—get our—get our drinking water. So find the river—once we locate the river, we come back—the children would locate the river. We’d come back and tell the adults that we located a river, and the adults would go down and would start getting water from the river. Bring them back to the camp in buckets, and when the city people learned that peoples[sic] the, uh—the, um—the migrant workers from Florida are here. Once the word get[sic] out, then there were some people from the city—like there was a company in Maryland, Merita Bread—they would bring us bread on the camps, and, um, there was another company that made coats—they would bring us winter coats on the camp.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Hm.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>They made sure that we had socks on—some of the camps. Some of the states we went in, they wouldn’t give you nothing[sic], but, um…</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>And the crew leaders would provide these?</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>No.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>No? Okay.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>These was[sic] peoples[sic] that hear that migrant workers was[sic] here working.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Okay.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>And they would do that in hopes of[sic]—when we would start working, we would come and spend our money to your…</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Oh.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Store or whatever.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Yeah, I see.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>So I wanted to—to ask about the labor camps, uh—the quarters. Um, so yeah, I mean, what were the quarters like? Could you speak to what the quarters were like here in Florida that you observed?</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Well, a quar—the places here in Florida was[sic] much better than the places—much better than some of the places traveling up north, because here, in Florida, you had the Florida Farmworkers Bureau here and they was[sic] on top of a lot of faulty living, but up north, they didn’t worry about you. They would—they would take you in the woods. They mostly built their camps in the wood[sic], but here, in Florida, there were eyes on you, you know? So you can’t get away with a lot of stuff that you can get away[sic] up north, ‘cause I can recall, in 1970, traveling to Michigan to pick cherries and apples. I can recall, when we got there, we saying[sic], “We[sic] going to the camp.” There was no camp. The guy had chicken coops—what you put the chickens in.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>And they was[sic] taking chickens out, and I say[sic], “What are they going to do with them? Why are they taking the chickens out?” And somebody whispered to me and say[sic], “That’s where you guys gonna sleep.” So they brought a carriage. they put all the chicken coops in a line side by side in a circle-like and they brought a carriage—they put a carriage on top, and you’re—from here up is inside the coop and your feet hanging[sic] out, and that’s where we slept.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Wow.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>And, um, finally, somebody came down and talked to the—talked to the owner of the property, and that’s when he began to build, um, a shed—a thing—a little building where we could go inside. So we had to go inside, but everybody was in one—one thing, and you had to put a—just a little sheet between you and the next family.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Yep.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>And that’s the way we slept that season.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Hm.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>In—in—in—in Michigan. I can recall, in Maryland, the crew leader had a horse stable, and, uh, it was a huge horse stable. I never seen[sic] one that big, and he parted off into rooms, and each family had their room, and that’s where we slept, but the male child could not sleep with—in—with the females. It—like my brother.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Right.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>My brother had to go up in the loft.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Right.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>And, uh, where they have all the hay at, and the mens[sic] had to sleep up in the loft, and the women slept in the barn—what we called a barn.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>You know, it was a lot of [<em>laughs</em>]—a lot of crazy ways we had to sleep. I mean, it was miserable.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Miserable.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Yeah, but you stayed in quarters in Florida, as well, did—did—right? Or no?</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>No…</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Only—only when you traveled?</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>I never stayed—let me see. I never—I stayed in a quarter when I come[sic] to Apopka. They called it “the Graveyard Quarters.”</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Okay.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>And it housed migrant workers, but most of the people was[sic]—was like—had come here as a migrant worker and never left.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Oh, okay.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Yeah, they come here as a migrant worker and they lived in “the Graveyard Quarters,” but they never left.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>They be—they just continued to stay there until they tore it down.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Okay, and—and who were they? Were they generally black Americans living there?</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Black Americans.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Okay.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Mmhmm. At that time, there wasn’t[sic] no[sic] Hispanic farmworkers here. When I come[sic] to Apopka, it[sic] wasn’t[sic] any Hispanic farmworkers here. It was all African Americans, and, um, when it got really throwed[?] was in 1990-something that they faded out African Americans. They got rid of them. Um, I’m trying to think, and when they—well, before they closed the farmland down, they give[sic] us all our papers and told us that they would not need us anymore, but those that want to come out there and help clean up can come clean up. They, um—all of the black crew leaders—they laid them off, and they hired a Hispanic man from Pahokee, and he brought some peoples[sic] up here and he re—they replaced us. We demonstrated and demonstrated about it, but nothing never[sic] happened.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>When we would go out there and try to get work, they wouldn’t give us no[sic] work.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>And it’s still like that today. Once they replace[sic] us with Mexican workers, the Mexicans would not hire us. The crew leaders would not hire us, but we get a job, we’ll hire them, but they will not hire us. It’s still that way today.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Great, so yeah—so, if I understand, uh, correctly, you said at some point in the 1990s, they fired most all the black…</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>They got rid of all the black…</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>And that’s up in Apopka?</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>In Apopka.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Okay.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>And they replaced them with mainly…</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Hispanics.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Mexican or Hispanic crew leaders.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Mmhmm, right.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>And those crew leaders hired…</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Hired…</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Predominantly…</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Nothing but Mexicans.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Really? Okay.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Okay.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Yep, we got involved—the organization got involved. We went out there. We marched out there with Hispanic people. Hispanic people—there was[sic] Hispanic people that didn’t like the idea and they’d march along beside us, you know, but they never hired us back, and right now, I don’t know—have[sic] Jeannie [Economos] taken you out to—to—to—to the—where they[sic] corn is? Where they[sic] working in the corn.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Well, right now out there was all African Americans doing all that work out there, but now it’s nothing but Hispanic people.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Okay.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>They…</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Uh…</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Just plum out replaced us.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>And—and do you know why they did that?</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Well, my—my—my thing is this—and I tell peoples[sic] this all the time, and I used to say this before they replaced us—that one day, we won’t have a job, and people used to look at me crazy and they say[sic], “What you talking about?” I say[sic], “One day, you will not be able to come out here on them muck[?] and work here.” I say[sic], “It’ll be all Hispanic peoples out here working.” That was about probably five years before they replaced us. We hadn’t heard nobody[sic] talking about replacing us.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Uh huh.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>But I felt that way because, when the Hispanic people come around, the crew leaders would—the—the—the crew leaders that owe—owned a pro—piece of the job would always have a big conversation with them, and, uh, African Americans I truly believe was[sic] replaced because you start—when they start working us, they started working us and giving us our money every day. When we’d leave the job in the afternoon, we were paid off, and if you pay me off and I drink, I’ma[sic] come home and I’ma[sic] drink up my money, and tomorrow I’m gon’[sic] be sick and I’m not able to come to work. So your job is still going on, but I’m so sick ‘cause I done[sic] got my money overnight and I’m drunk. I can’t come to work. That kind of stuff was going on, and there were many years you could see, at the ending of the season—every season have[sic] an ending. There was[sic] a lot of crops to be throwed[sic] away,</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Hm.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>’Cause the manpower wasn’t there to work it, because you pay me every night, I feel like, <em>I—no,</em> <em>I ain’t goin’ to work tomorrow. I got me some money in my pocket.</em></p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>That’s the way I feel about it. I don’t know how anybody else feel[sic], but I feel that African Americans begin to lag on the job. You give them all that power and now you want to snatch it down from them. So the best way to snatch it away from them is to replace them, and that’s what they did. It was—it was sad. The year they replaced them, it was sad, ‘cause I was out there. I was, uh, working.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>And it was really sad. We didn’t have no[sic] job, and if you was a person worked[sic] seven days a week out there, and they replace you and you ain’t[sic] got nothing coming in—boy, it’s—it’s hard.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>It is hard.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Mmhmm. So, um—so this was—just for the recording—in 1996, uh, through 1998?</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>It was in the ‘90s.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>What was in the [inaudible]…</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>I think it was in the earlier ‘90s.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>But in 1996 to 1998…</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>A lot of the farms around Lake Apopka were shut down.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Um, but this was before that, you’re saying, when—when the black farmworkers were replaced?</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Replaced, yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Replaced, yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Mmhmm, I think it was about ’92-‘90—’91-’92—’92/’93.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Okay.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>When African Americans was[sic] replaced.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Uh huh.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>And then right after that the farmworkers—the farm was shut down.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>And do you remember…</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Only one farm was left open. That’s what they called the Sang[?] Farms.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Uh huh, and do you remember, uh—so before that—before—while—while you were still working, what were—what were relations like between black farmworkers and Mexican farmworkers, Or Hispanic or Caribbean farmworkers?</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>There wasn’t any relationship because when they—when they—when they—if you go to work, and a Spanish person is in what we call “the stall,” in one of the positions on the machine or whatever, he don’t say nothing[sic] to you, you don’t say nothing[sic] to him.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>I mean, you work. If he say[sic] something to you, then you, you know—we try to—most American—most—most African-American people probably my age and down took Spanish in school.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>So we try to, you know, [<em>laughs</em>] comprehend the little Spanish that we…</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Took in school. “Good morning.” “How you doing?” “My name is this,” and…</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Right.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>So on.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Right.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Eh, but if they don’t say anything to us, we work all day and don’t say anything to them.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Okay.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>So…</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>And then there was a Mexican guy come[sic] around named Mexican Pete. He start[sic] getting—organizing farmworkers and then he got a crew—he the only Mexican that had a crew, but he went to school and he learned English really good[sic], so all Afri—all African Americans likeded[sic] him.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Mmhmm, when did you start noticing, uh, Hispanic farmworker—like a presence of Hispanic farmworkers on—on farms in Apopka and in Florida?</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Yeah, well, on farms in Apopka, I started noticing them—a large percentage of ‘em in 1989.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Hm.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>So that’s when a lot had come or a lot had—you had noticed a lot of them, that had already been there…</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Mm…</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>But now made up a large segment or…</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>They was[sic] coming.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>They were coming? Okay.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Okay, and, um—and yeah, so I mean, how did that—did that change the workplace at all before a lot of the black farmworkers were fired, as you say?</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Did it change?</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Yeah, I mean, was—was there something different about, um, the workplace or the way the crew leaders treated you or anything like that?</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>No, it wasn’t—they—hm, they just come[sic] to us and just told us what it was going be, and the crew leaders told the crew leaders, so the crew leaders probably held it under they[sic] belt a week—didn’t want to tell us, and then finally, it got out.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>And then, when it got out, a lot of people didn’t want to believe it, you know? Well, those like me that were smart and—and knew it was going to happen, felt like it was going to happen, went on and looked for a job.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Okay.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>You know?</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>So…</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Most of it—most of the farmworkers, they, um, had programs trying to get them to go to school, but a lot of farmworkers could not go to school. They[sic] hands all cramped all up like that with arthritis, and they[sic] feets[sic] and stuff all messed up from all the, uh, sores and stuff working on the farm.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Right.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>And they—they just—they just could not—could not, um, take—they was[sic] offering us typing classes and computer classes and—wasn’t none[sic] of us computer literate at all, so…</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>It just was a mess.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Uh huh.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>So I—I landed a job taking people to school every morning.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Okay.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>You know, picking them up in the evening for the trainings, but they knew that—the state knew that eventually they was gonna be that—deal with that. So the program close[sic] down and left the people shut out again. So you kept promising us—they kept promising us and promising us and trying to open up doors, and the doors that they were opening up, like the computer classes, they didn’t last long. The truck-driving classes did—I can’t tell you not[sic] a one man that got a job with the truck driving school.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>It just—every—there wasn’t nothing[sic] falling through. So right now, those of us that worked in the fields—all the promises that you made to us, right now, we don’t believe nothing[sic] you got to say. Don’t come telling me nothing[sic] about, “Well, they gonna open up a program, and this program going to help farmworkers do this,” ‘cause I’m not going to believe it because I’ve been deceived so many times. So that’s where we are now. So most of the farmworkers that work now, they’ll sit. They can’t do nothing[sic]. They’re on disability [insurance]. Our young farmworkers, you know—you done sprayed us with your chemicals all your life—all our life, because most children start working in the fields back in them[sic] days when you was[sic] six years old, you know? You take your children to work with you, but then, when it got in the—in the ‘9—‘80s, they: “Oh, you can’t bring your children in the field no more.” The damage is done. I had a daughter—three—had a stroke at three years old.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Because she was in the field with me every day.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Right.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>You know? The damage is done. You done took ‘em out there for a few years, and then in the ‘80s, they decided that they wouldn’t let you—you bring your children in the field no[sic] more.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Mmhmm, alright. So—so you said after—after a lot of the black farmworkers were fired, most of them went to school on some program?</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Mmhmm, yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>[inaudible]…</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Numerous skills. Do you know what happened—So after they went to school, did they—did some of them find jobs in oth—other industries or…</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>The only…</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Do you know what happen to [inaudible]?</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Well, the only ones found[sic] jobs—the only African-Americans[sic] women…</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Right.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>That found jobs was because of me, because there wasn’t a list of who were[sic] hiring you. There was a list of—for[sic] you could go and go to school to be retrained.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>That’s what they claimed. They was[sic] retraining us into other job fields, but what I did is[sic] I called different agencies that knew where women can get medical training, and a lot of women went to the medical training and they got jobs in nursing homes. They become what they call a “tech[nician].” They got jobs in nursing homes, they got jobs in shelters for boys and shelters for the handicapped, and the men—the men—they were hard—they were hard for the men. We got mens[sic] and—and—work up until [inaudible], and then they started dying. We lost a lot of farmworkers. Uh, at points you go to a funeral every weekend.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Somebody you worked beside have[sic] died.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Well, it was hard for a man to get a job. So the—the women became head of the house, and that’s when they lost their hand with the childrens[sic]. No respect in the house, because the man wasn’t there to put—to say nothing, ‘cause you’re not putting nothing in here, so the child[sic] looking at—you’re not putting nothing in here, so you don’t have no say here. So the—the bigger boys—they bullied their mama and all of that. So right now there’s a lot of crisis in people[sic] home, because the father was put out of work due to the closing of Lake Apopka.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Uh huh.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>They want to make Orange County this big metropolitan area. They swiped up all the orange trees. You can’t go pick oranges, but when you were—when you—when all of this stuff exists, you could take your childrens[sic] to the grove and make ‘em work. You—I could take you on a street here in Apopka, right now, with about 60 or 70 young men just standing on the corner, but they graduated from high school.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>But they still live home with their mama. They don’t think they[sic] got[sic] to go to work. The runs—they rule they[sic] mama[sic] house, but with me, it was a different story, because your butt was gonna go to work. You wasn’t[sic] gon’[sic] live in here and don’t[sic] work, you know, but a lot of parents scared[sic] of their children. They was[sic] afraid. They [inaudible] this day.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>The—the young boys run they[sic] mama’s house.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Mmhmm. Hm.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>It’s—it—it—it hurt us. It hurt us and I don’t think—I don’t think that our leaders of our country understand that. I don’t think they understand that—you got—and it’s so easy. It’s so easy to understand. You[sic] got to realize we come from slavery. We were poor. We were ran[sic] down all our lives. Now, you want us not to apply? The same thing you did to me not to apply it to my child? So my child disrespect[sic] me, because my child can say, “I’ll call the police on you.” Police come on out, what they gon’ do? Handcuff me and take me to jail, because I whipped his butt, ‘cause he stayed out all night long. That’s the way things are now.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Hm.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>And it really hurt the parent. It hurt—killing the parent. You can’t be a parent in your own house. Mm-mm. I got a 22-year-old grandson here with me. He just come[sic] back here. Last Saturday morning, I woke up, he laying[sic] in my bedroom with a girl. I said, “What is this?” I called him out and talked with him. This is no respect. All my life I respect[sic] my children. Now, this is no respect.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Jm.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>So I give[sic] him time[sic] period to get out of here. I’m not going—I don’t have to tolerate with that. I don’t have to tolerate with[sic] that, but you don’t want to go look for a job. He do[sic] not go look for a job. Daily, he laying[sic] up in here. You can’t—you—I mean, lack of work causing[sic] a lot of problems in your home, and there’s no work here for a young man.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>There’s no work.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Mmhmm. Well, thank you for telling me all[sic] that.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Hm.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Um, so, I wanted to ask about ray[?]—okay, so I wanted to ask about—we were talking about, you know, what a lot of farmworkers did after they were either fired or after the shutdown of Lake Apopka farms. Um, for you—I—I know that you got involved in a lot of environmental justice work.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Yes.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>And I—I was wondering if you could tell me about that.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Well, I was, um, like I said, advocating for poor people[sic] rights for a long time. Very young kid wi—with the organization, and, um, when I start[sic] with—working with the environment people in Orange County, it was like a different ballgame. I organized and organized and organized peoples[sic] to come to m—meetings, where we could talk about the rights of farmworkers, of laws that needed to be put in for farmworkers. Um, the first law I worked with was asking—giving farmworkers the right to know what type of pesticide was being used in the work area.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>That was the first law that we fought for. Finally, years of fighting in Tallahassee, years of walking the floors, I, um—they passed the law.<a title="">[1]</a> They finally passed the law.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>What?</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Finally, they passed the law, giving us the right to know what type of farm work we were—what type of pesticide we were working in, after about 20 percent of African Americans in Apopka had passed away.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>And, um, we continue to fight for other improvements, like drinking clean drinking water in the fields.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Right.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>When I was there, there wasn’t clean drinking water. We finally got that deal passed, um, where we could have clean drinking water in the fields. Um, better working equipment for farmworkers, like rubber gloves, rubber boots, rain coats.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>And stuff like that. Some of the companies got away with it, but some of the companies went on and bowed down and gave us the equipment we—the proper equipment we needed to work in. Um, as far as going to the doctor, like accidents happen bad[sic] in the fields, and, um, we would go to the company doctor. Finally, we managed to get around that and, um, get a good—good—better medic[sic] care—medical care.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Yep.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>When we’d get cut sometimes, you know, we work with knives…</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Right.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>And—and sometimes we get cut. Like you[sic] working here and somebody working there, they got[sic] their knives set up and you[sic] doing this here all day and your arm—elbow hit the knife and bust[sic] it all open. You got[sic] to go to the hospital, and they don’t take you to the hospital. They take you to a regular doctor, and he patch[sic] you up and send[sic] you home.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>We finally got, you know, help with that, but a lot of changes. We see a lot of changes, but it’s[sic] still a long way to go.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Still a long way to go because they’re still using pesticide. They’re still making pesticide. They’re still using pesticide. Our babies are still being born deformed, so we have a long way to go.</p>
<p><strong>Muha <br /></strong>Yeah, yeah. Absolutely, and, you know, you mentioned your—your kids and your grandkids…</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>A few times throughout this. I—I’m wondering how they perceived farm labor. Did any of them have interest in doing that, or…</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Well, my kids worked the fields.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Right.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>All six of my kids worked the fields. My grandkids never worked the fields, because when they came along, I was stone against them going in the fields. Um, they came along at the ending of the term, where[sic] children were no longer to go out there anyway. So they didn’t get a chance to work the fields, but, um, all of my kids did.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Mmhmm. Okay, and, um, lastly from you, I think, I wanted to ask about the book, <em>Fed Up</em>[<em>: the High Costs of Cheap Food</em>], um, by Dale Finley Slongwhite. Um, could you tell me a little bit about that and your part in that?</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong><em>Fed Up</em> is a book that I’m proud of and I’m not proud of. The reason I say “I’m proud of,” because[sic] it was the first book that I ever had been involved in, and “I’m not proud of” is because I think that I left a lot out the book, and, um, I wanted to do three versions of the book. So I had[sic] talked with, um, what’s her name?</p>
<p>[<em>phone rings</em>]</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Do a second version and a third version, but if I can do the second version, maybe I could capture a lot of stuff I left out.</p>
<p>[<em>phone rings</em>]</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>It’s like I was saying, um, there’s a lot I want to add to <em>Fed Up</em>. Um, and I would like more pictures in the book, because, um, peoples[sic] really need to actually see what our peoples[sic] are going through—um, the lesions on the s—the legs, the feet, the amputations of the toes, the amputation of the feet, legs—because of all of the pesticide where it had deteriorated the skin, and, um, I’d like to get more[sic] deeper into the labor camps. It’s[sic] a lot that I left out, because I wasn’t thinking. I’m thinking that, uh, when the book was gonna be wrote[sic], it gonna be like a mini-book [<em>laughs</em>]. I didn’t realize it was gonna be a story—um, a nice book. I’m just looking at it like it’s gonna be a—be a little, short mini-book, and, um, I imagine everybody that played a part in the book—about eight of us— I would imagine if—if everybody can really redo their story, it’ll be more awesome than what it is.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Because a lot of people left out stuff that should’ve been told, you know? There was a—um, a lot of death in our family, due to, um, the DDT<a title="">[2]</a> that they used. People lost their family, and they didn’t talk about that in the book. Um, how we come from work and we[sic] riding on the bus, and when we get home, we think the other person sitting over on the bus sleeping[sic]. The person dead[sic], because of the chemicals that we worked in all day long.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>We didn’t talk about that in the book, and I would like to, you know, let people know these things actually happen. You[sic] going home from work and when you get there you[sic] hollering, “Mr. Clyde! Mr. Clyde!” And you—“Mr. Clyde!” You think he[sic] sleep. He[sic] dead, you know?</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Those things happen, and we didn’t talk about none of that in the book. We didn’t know how much room or space or whatever we had in the book.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>So I asked her about second and third version, and we didn’t—a lot of stuff—when I read the book, on my—my part of the book, I—I wasn’t pleased. I wasn’t happy with—with—with the part that I wrote—that she wrote for me, and then I read the other people[sic] part, and I know their history, and same thing with them. You know, they don’t talk about it, ‘cause[sic] when you say, uh, “We gon’[sic] write a book.” You know, you—you never wrote a book before, so you[sic] not—you[sic] not thinking good, you know?</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Yep, right.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>But if we can—another book could re—be redid[sic] [<em>laughs</em>], it’d be awesome.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Yep.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>We left a lot out.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Well, is there anything—you said you—there are things you wanted—wish you could’ve included. Is there anything that you haven’t told me thus far that you want to include in this interview? Uh…</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Well, in—in—in the book? I talked a little about the treatment of the African-American women and the crew leaders. Not the growers, the crew leaders. I talked just a little bit about that. That should’ve been brought wide open. Should’ve been blowed[sic] up, because a lot of young girls have babies—they’ll never know who the father[sic], because the crew leaders and his[sic] what we call “henchmens”[sic] would come in and have sex with those girls like they was—they wanna, you know?</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>And we didn’t express too much of that in the book.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Right.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>You know? If you had a father that drank, a mother that drank—oh, God. You didn’t have nobody[sic] in your corner. The crew leaders do whatever they want to do. Mmhmm, yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>As I can recall, one time I was going—my mom had got[sic] me up early. Uh, our day begin[sic] by five o’clock, and she sent me to the store to get a loaf of bread and there was a man waiting in the dark on me when I got to get the bread, and he jumped right at me and grabbed me, but I was so fast I snatched the loaf from him and I ran home and I told my mom, and my mom went over there and my mom jumped on the man and told him don’t try anything like that on none[sic] of her childrens[sic] again in life. She would kill him, and I—we never had problems with him again, but just imagine if I had a mama that didn’t do that. Every time he saw me, he would’ve give[sic] me a problem.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Yep.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>But my mama let him know that, you know, she was not taking no crap like that.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Right.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>But then a lot of the girls, their mama never say[sic] one word, and it went over and over and over again.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Uh huh.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Thank you for telling me that.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Yes.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Is there anything else you want to tell me before we conclude the interview?</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>That’s it.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>That’s it.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>That’s about it.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Okay. Well, thank you so much, Geraldean.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>Okay.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Again, this was Jared Muha and Geraldean Matthew on October 30<sup>th</sup>, 2014. Okay, this is Jared Muha with Geraldean Matthew on October 30<sup>th</sup> again, uh, for a second session interview. Um, Geraldean, I wanted to ask, uh, what is your impression of, uh, farms today in Florida and, you know, treatment of Latino workers, uh, who are on the farms?</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>You know, the farms today have changed very much because now most farmworkers, uh, get their own place to stay, but, as for the Latino workers—women—the ones that are still housed in labor camps, they are treated really bad[sic] by the crew leaders. If they are undocumented and have daughters, the crew leaders think that the daughter should be their woman or their wife or their girlfriend, and they mistreat the women very bad[sic]. Um, what brought that to my attention was, uh, when I was doing HIV<a title="">[3]</a> prevention, went into the homes talking and, um, passing out, uh, HIV materials on the camps, uh—how the men would treat the women when they tried to get protection. They didn’t want the women to get condoms for—from us or female condoms from us or whatever. So it’s a problem to me, because it seems like nobody[sic] really paying that Latino group attention, just like they didn’t pay the African-American group attention back in the ‘50s, ‘60s, ‘70s, and ‘80s. So, um, it kind of bothers me a lot, you know, seeing that happening, and, um, seeing how the women have to take up their young children—their young daughters and run at night and try to find another place when the crew leaders come, um, pounding on their doors and demanding that they open the doors and demanding for[sic] sex. I don’t think that should be like that, and yes, it does disturb me.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Mmhmm. Well, thank you for telling me that. Uh, is there anything else you wanted to include?</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>That’s it.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>Okay.</p>
<p><strong>Matthew<br /></strong>That’s all.</p>
<p><strong>Muha<br /></strong>So this is Jared Muha and Geraldean Matthew on October 30<sup>th</sup>, 2014.</p>
<div><br /><div>
<p><a title="">[1]</a> Alfredo Bahena Act.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="">[2]</a> Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, a pesticide banned in 1972.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="">[3]</a> Human immunodeficiency virus.</p>
</div>
</div>
Click to View (Movie, Podcast, or Website)
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/aaf3e9e626e5f3a4b798bb5dfd7ca844.mp3" target="_blank">Oral History of Geraldean Matthew</a>
agricultural labor
agriculture
Alfredo Bahena Act
Apopka
apples
arthritis
beans
Belle Glade
carrots
cherries
cherry
citrus
civil rights
clean drinking water
contraception
corn
corporal punishment
crew leaders
Dale Finley Slongwhite
David Overfield
DDT
dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane
discrimination
domestic violence
educational programs
environmental advocacy
environmental justice
environmental law
environmentalism
FAF
Farm Workers Association
Farmworker Association of Florida
farmworkers
farmworkers' rights
FDOH
Fed Up: The High Costs of Cheap Food
FFB
Florida Department of Health
Florida Department of Health in Orange County
Florida Farmworkers Bureau
foliage
FWA
Geraldean Matthew
Geraldean Shannon
Graveyard Quarters
Hispanic Americans
Hispanics
HIV
human immunodeficiency virus
Jared Muha
Jeannie Economos
kidney dialysis
kidney disease
labor
labor camps
labor rights
laborers
Lake Apopka
maggot workers
Merita Bread
Mexican Americans
Mexican Pete
Mexicans
Miami
Michigan
migrant farms
migrant farmworkers
migrant labor
migrant laborers
migrant workers
Mount Dora
National Farm Workers Association
NFWA
nursing home technicians
Orange County Health Department
oranges
Palm Beach
pesticides
protected sex
retraining
right to know
safe sex
segregation
sexual abuse
slavery
slaves
string beans
Tallahassee
traffic trucks
tramp trucks
tramps
underemployment
undocumented workers
unemployment
vegetables
workplace injuries
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Florida Historical Quarterly Podcasts Collection
Alternative Title
FHQ Podcast Collection
Description
The <em>Florida Historical Quarterly </em>is the academic journal published four times per year by the Florida Historical Society in cooperation with the Department of History at the University of Central Florida. Each issue features peer-reviewed articles focusing on a wide variety of topics related to Florida history.
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>.
Language
eng
Type
Collection
Coverage
Florida
Contributing Project
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>
Curator
Burke, Mike
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/default" target="_blank">Florida Historical Society</a>
External Reference
"<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank">Florida Historical Quarterly</a>." Florida Historical Society. https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly.
"<a href="http://fhq.cah.ucf.edu" target="_blank">The Florida Historical Quarterly</a>." College of Arts and Humanities, University of Central Florida. http://fhq.cah.ucf.edu.
Sound/Podcast
A resource whose content is primarily intended to be rendered as audio.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Florida Historical Quarterly, Episode 17: Vol. 91, No. 4, Spring 2013
Alternative Title
Florida Historical Quarterly, Ep. 17
Subject
Waste management
Description
This podcast features an interview with Andrew Fairbanks and Dr. Christopher Meindl, about their article "Talking Trash: A Short History of Solid Waste Management in Florida," which appeared in this issue of <em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em>. Christopher Meindl is Associate Professor of geography at the University of South Florida-St. Petersburg, and Andrew Fairbanks received This Master of Arts degree in Florida Studies at USFSP.
Type
Sound
Source
Original 25-minute and 58-second audio podcast by Daniel S. Murphree, 2013: <a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>, Florida Historical Society, Cocoa, Florida.
Requires
Multimedia software, such as <a href="http://www.apple.com/quicktime/download/" target="_blank"> QuickTime</a>.
Is Part Of
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>, Florida Historical Society, Cocoa, Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/collections/show/184" target="_blank">Florida Historical Quarterly Podcast Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida.
Coverage
Florida
Creator
Murphree, Daniel S.
Publisher
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>
Contributor
Meindl, Christopher
Fairbanks, Andrew
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/default" target="_blank">Florida Historical Society</a>
<a href="http://history.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">University of Central Florida, Department of History</a>
Date Created
2013
Date Issued
2013
Date Copyrighted
2013
Format
audio/mp3
Extent
59.4 MB
Medium
25-minute and 58-second audio podcast
Language
eng
Mediator
History Teacher
Provenance
Originally created by Daniel S. Murphree and published by the <a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>.
Rights Holder
Copyright to this resource is held by the <a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/default" target="_blank">Florida Historical Society</a> and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only.
Accrual Method
Donation
Contributing Project
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>
Curator
Burke, Mike
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/default" target="_blank">Florida Historical Society</a>
External Reference
Fairbanks, Andrew, Jennifer Wunderlick, and Christopher Meindl. "Talking Trash: A Short History of Solid Waste Management in Florida." <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/69023195" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>. 91, no. 4 (2013): 526-557.
"<a href="http://archive.flsenate.gov/data/Publications/2006/Senate/reports/interim_reports/pdf/2006-121ep.pdf" target="_blank">REVIEW OF THE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ACT</a>." Florida Senate. http://archive.flsenate.gov/data/Publications/2006/Senate/reports/interim_reports/pdf/2006-121ep.pdf.
Click to View (Movie, Podcast, or Website)
<a href="https://youtu.be/Ed0HuARINTc" target="_blank">Episode 17: Vol. 91, No. 4, Spring 2013</a>
Andrew Fairbanks
Andy Fairbanks
archival research
biowaste
Chris Meindl
Christopher Meindl
construction and demolition debris
Daniel S. Murphree
environmentalism
FDEP
FHQ
Florida Department of Environmental Protection
Florida Historical Quarterly
garbage
garbage dumps
Gary Mormino
Golden Age of Garbage Governance
Good Company Tampa Bay
Jennifer Wunderlich
Kessler Consulting, Inc.
laws
legislation
open dump inventory
population growth
Product Policy Institute
recycling
solid waste
Solid Waste Disposal Act of 1965
Solid Waste Management Act of 1988
suburban development
suburbanization
SWDA
SWMA
third pollution
trash
urban development
urban sprawl
urbanization
wetland management
wetlands
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Florida Historical Quarterly Podcasts Collection
Alternative Title
FHQ Podcast Collection
Description
The <em>Florida Historical Quarterly </em>is the academic journal published four times per year by the Florida Historical Society in cooperation with the Department of History at the University of Central Florida. Each issue features peer-reviewed articles focusing on a wide variety of topics related to Florida history.
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>.
Language
eng
Type
Collection
Coverage
Florida
Contributing Project
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>
Curator
Burke, Mike
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/default" target="_blank">Florida Historical Society</a>
External Reference
"<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank">Florida Historical Quarterly</a>." Florida Historical Society. https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly.
"<a href="http://fhq.cah.ucf.edu" target="_blank">The Florida Historical Quarterly</a>." College of Arts and Humanities, University of Central Florida. http://fhq.cah.ucf.edu.
Sound/Podcast
A resource whose content is primarily intended to be rendered as audio.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Florida Historical Quarterly, Episode 1: Vol. 87, No. 4, Spring 2009
Alternative Title
Florida Historical Quarterly, Ep. 1
Subject
Sarasota (Fla.)
Authors--Florida
Literature
Description
This podcast features an interview with Professor Jack E. Davis. He is the author of <em>An Everglades Providence: Marjory Stoneman Douglas and the American Environmental Century</em>, published by the University of Georgia Press. In this podcast, he discusses This article "Sharp Prose for Green: John D. MacDonald and the First Ecological Novel," which appeared in this issue of <em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em>.
Type
Sound
Source
Original 15-minute and 27-second audio podcast by Connie Lester and Robert Cassanello, 2009: <a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>, Florida Historical Society, Cocoa, Florida.
Requires
Multimedia software, such as <a href="http://www.apple.com/quicktime/download/" target="_blank"> QuickTime</a>.
Is Part Of
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>, Florida Historical Society, Cocoa, Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/collections/show/184" target="_blank">Florida Historical Quarterly Podcast Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida.
Coverage
Sarasota, Florida
Creator
Lester, Connie L.
Cassanello, Robert
Publisher
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>
Contributor
Davis, Jack E.
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/default" target="_blank">Florida Historical Society</a>
<a href="http://history.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">University of Central Florida, Department of History</a>
Date Created
2009
Date Issued
2009
Date Copyrighted
2009
Format
audio/mp3
Extent
14.1 MB
Medium
15-minute and 27-second audio podcast
Language
eng
Mediator
History Teacher
Geography Teacher
Provenance
Originally created by Connie Lester and Robert Cassanello and published by the <a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>.
Rights Holder
Copyright to this resource is held by the <a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/default" target="_blank">Florida Historical Society</a> and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only.
Accrual Method
Donation
Contributing Project
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>
Curator
Burke, Mike
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/default" target="_blank">Florida Historical Society</a>
External Reference
Davis, Jack E. "<a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/20700249" target="_blank">Sharp Prose for Green: John D. MacDonald and the First Ecological Novel</a>." <em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em> 87, no. 4 (2009): 484-508. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20700249.
De Freese, Duane E. "<a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/20700248" target="_blank">Florida and the Environment: From 'La Florida' to Global Warming 2008 Jillian Prescott Memorial Lecture</a>." <em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em> 87, no. 4 (2009): 465-83. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20700248.
Mays, Dorothy. "<a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/20700250" target="_blank">Gatorland: Survival of the Fittest among Florida's Mid-Tier Tourist Attractions</a>." <em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em> 87, no. 4 (2009): 509-39. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20700250.
Poyo, Gerald E. "<a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/20700251" target="_blank">Baseball in Key West and Havana, 1885-1910: The Career of Francisco A. Poyo</a>." <em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em> 87, no. 4 (2009): 540-64. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20700251.
Click to View (Movie, Podcast, or Website)
<a href="https://youtu.be/1qjoQymztsc" target="_blank">Episode 1: Vol. 87, No. 4, Spring 2009</a>
A Flash of Green
activism
authors
baseball
climate change
Connie Lester
Dorothy Mays
Duane E. De Freese
environmental groups
environmental protection
environmentalism
environmentalists
FHQ
fiction
Florida Historical Quarterly
Francisco A. Poyo
Gatorland
Gerald E. Poyo
global warming
Havana, Cuba
Jack Davis
Jack E. Davis
Jillian Prescott Memorial Lecture
John D. MacDonald
John Dann MacDonald
Key West
La Florida
novelists
novels
Rachel Carson
Rachel Louise Carson
Robert Cassanello
Sarasota
Sarasota Bay
Silent Spring
sports
survival of the fittest
tourism
tourist attractions
tourists
Travis McGee
uglification
writers
-
https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/4d4a9a1e9bf03cd083f413755a88544d.jpg
c83b608e2e68cc994de1c01240ccd5dd
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Friends of Lake Apopka Collection
Alternative Title
FOLA Collection
Subject
Lake Apopka (Fla.)
Water quality--Florida
Pollution--Florida
Description
The Friends of Lake Apopka (FOLA) is a citizen advocacy group with the mission of restoring Lake Apopka in Orange County and Lake County, Florida. Due to poor farming practices along its shores, Lake Apopka has become one of the largest polluted lakes in Florida. This collection features various archival items related to the restoration of the lake.
Contributor
<a href="http://www.fola.org/" target="_blank">Friends of Lake Apopka</a>
Language
eng
Type
Collection
Coverage
Lake Apopka, Florida
Florida Game and Fresh Water Commission, Tallahassee, Florida
Oakland, Florida
Orlando, Florida
Saint Johns River, Florida
Winter Garden, Florida
Winter Haven, Florida
Zellwood, Florida
Contributing Project
<a href="http://www.fola.org/" target="_blank">Friends of Lake Apopka</a>
Curator
Cepero, Laura
King, Joshua
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://www.oaktownusa.com/Pages/Preserve/index" target="_blank">Oakland Nature Preserve</a>
External Reference
"<a href="http://www.fola.org/" target="_blank">Our Mission & Purpose</a>." Friends of Lake Apopka. http://www.fola.org/.
Document
A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.
Original Format
1-page typewritten letter
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Letter from Oland J. Kershaw to Arthur W. Sinclair (May 23, 1966)
Alternative Title
Letter from Kershaw to Sinclair (May 23, 1966)
Subject
Lake Apopka (Fla.)
Winter Garden (Fla.)
Indian River (Fla.)
Water quality--Florida
Pollution--Florida
Description
A letter from Oland J. Kershaw, chairman of the Indian River Shellfish Association, to Arthur W. Sinclair, Executive Secretary-Manager of the Winter Garden Chamber of Commerce. Kershaw writes in response to a letter by Sinclair published in <em>The Sentinel</em> calling for action on water pollution. Kershaw tells Sinclair of his organization and their goals, and that they hope to work with Sinclair and other anti-pollution groups to rally citizen support for environmental restoration.
Type
Text
Source
Original typewritten letter from Oland J. Kershaw to Arthur W. Sinclair, May 23, 1966: binder 1966, Friends of Lake Apopka Archives, Ginn Museum, <a href="http://www.oaktownusa.com/Pages/Preserve/index" target="_blank">Oakland Nature Preserve</a>, Oakland, Florida.
Is Part Of
Binder 1966, Friends of Lake Apopka Archives, Ginn Museum, <a href="http://www.oaktownusa.com/Pages/Preserve/index" target="_blank">Oakland Nature Preserve</a>, Oakland, Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/153" target="_blank">Friends of Lake Apopka Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida.
Is Format Of
Digital reproduction of original typewritten letter from Oland J. Kershaw to Arthur W. Sinclair, May 23, 1966.
Coverage
Grant, Florida
Winter Garden, Florida
Lake Apopka, Florida
Creator
Kershaw, Oland J.
Date Created
1966-05-23
Format
image/jpg
Extent
147 KB
Medium
1-page typewritten letter
Language
eng
Mediator
History Teacher
Geography Teacher
Provenance
Originally created by Oland J. Kershaw.
Rights Holder
Copyright to this resource is held by the <a href="http://www.fola.org/" target="_blank">Friends of Lake Apopka</a> and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only.
Accrual Method
Donation
Contributing Project
<a href="http://www.fola.org/" target="_blank">Friends of Lake Apopka</a>
Curator
King, Joshua
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://www.oaktownusa.com/Pages/Preserve/index" target="_blank">Oakland Nature Preserve</a>
External Reference
"<a href="http://fcit.usf.edu/florida/docs/i/indriv2.htm" target="_blank">Indian River, Florida: Highways and Byways of Florida</a>." Exploring Florida. http://fcit.usf.edu/florida/docs/i/indriv2.htm.
American Legion
Arthur W. Sinclair
bumper sticker
Central Florida Anti-Water Pollution Association
chambers of commerce
conservation
environmentalism
Indian River
Indian River Shellfish Association
Lake Apopka
Lake Apopka Fishing Camp
Oland J. Kershaw
Paradise Heights
pollution
Saint Johns River
St. Johns River
Tampa Bay
Thomas F. Ritter, Sr.
Veterans of Foreign Wars
VFW
water
water pollution
water quality
Winter Garden
Winter Garden Chamber of Commerce
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
RICHES Podcast Documentaries Collection
Alternative Title
RICHES Podcast Collection
Subject
Podcasts
Documentaries
Description
RICHES Podcast Documentaries are short form narrative documentaries that explore Central Florida history and are locally produced. These podcasts can involve the participation or cooperation of local area partners.
Contributor
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
Cassanello, Robert
Language
eng
Type
Collection
Coverage
Altoona, Florida
Apopka, Florida
Astor, Florida
Barberville, Florida
Brevard County, Florida
Bushnell, Florida
Clermont, Florida
Cocoa, Florida
Cocoa Beach, Florida
College Park, Orlando, Florida
Coral Gables, Florida
Daytona Beach, Florida
DeLand, Florida
Disston City, Florida
Eatonville, Florida
Eau Gallie, Melbourne, Florida
Fort King, Florida
Fort Lauderdale, Florida
Geneva, Florida
Goldenrod, Florida
Groveland, Florida
Hannibal Square, Winter Park, Florida
Holly Hill, Florida
Hontoon Island, DeLand, Florida
Indian River, Florida
Jacksonville, Florida
Key Biscayne, Florida
Key West, Florida
Kissimmee, Florida
Lake Apopka, Florida
Lake Buena Vista, Florida
Lake County, Florida
Lake Mary, Florida
Marion County, Florida
Merritt Island, Florida
Mims, Florida
Mount Dora, Florida
Newnans Lake, Gainesville, Florida
New Smyrna, Florida
New Smyrna Beach, Florida
Ocala, Florida
Ocklawaha River, Florida
Ocoee, Florida
Orlando, Florida
Ormond Beach, Florida
Osceola County, Florida
Oviedo, Florida
Parramore, Orlando, Florida
Reedy Creek, Florida
Sanford, Florida
Silver Springs, Florida
St. Augustine, Florida
St. Cloud, Florida
St. Johns River, Florida
St. Petersburg, Florida
Tampa, Florida
Titusville, Florida
Vero Beach, Florida
Weirsdale, Florida
Winter Garden, Florida
Winter Park, Florida
Ybor City, Tampa, Florida
Contributing Project
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
External Reference
<span>"</span><a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a><span>." RICHES of Central Florida. http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php.</span>
Has Part
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/137" target="_blank">A History of Central Florida Collection</a>, RICHES Podcast Documentaries Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>.
Rights Holder
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES<br /></a>
Moving Image
A series of visual representations that, when shown in succession, impart an impression of motion.
Original Format
1 video podcast
Duration
12 minutes and 58 seconds
Bit Rate/Frequency
100 kbps
Producer
Cassanello, Robert
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 33: The Florida Sinkhole Institute
Alternative Title
Florida Sinkhole Institute Podcast
Subject
Podcasts
Documentaries
Winter Park (Fla.)--History
Sinkholes--Florida
Description
Episode 33 of RICHES Podcast Documentaries: Launch Consoles: A Forgotten History. RICHES Podcast Documentaries are short form narrative documentaries that explore Central Florida history and are locally produced. These podcasts can involve the participation or cooperation of local area partners. <br /><br />Episode 33 explores how the Central Florida landscape is littered with the results of sinkhole activity, how sinkholes are caused, and the inception and eventual cancellation of the Florida Sinkhole Institute. This podcast features an interview with Dr. Frank Kujawa.
Abstract
In 1981, the international media descended upon Winter Park, Florida to report on a residents claim that a tree in her yard suddenly vanished. Within three days, a hole had opened in the ground over 17 feet deep and 350 feet wide. In this podcast, Dr. Frank Kujawa explains how the Central Florida landscape is littered with the results of sinkhole activity. He also talks about how sinkholes are caused. The Florida Sinkhole Institute was profoundly affected by the Winter Park event and Dr. Kujawa describes its inception and eventual cancellation as a program at the university.
Type
Video
Source
Original 12-minute and 58-second podcast, July 2, 2012: "RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 33: The Florida Sinkhole Institute." <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>, Orlando, Florida.
Requires
Multimedia software, such as <a href="http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer/" target="_blank"> Adobe Flash Player</a>.
Application software, such as <a href="http://java.com/en/download/index.jsp" target="_blank"> Java</a>.
Is Part Of
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>, Orlando, Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/70" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida.
Coverage
Winter Park, Florida
University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
Publisher
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>
Contributor
Kujawa, Frank
Date Created
ca. 2012-07-02
Format
video/mp4
Extent
62.1 MB
Medium
12-minute and fifty-eight-second podcast
Language
eng
Mediator
History Teacher
Geography Teacher
Science Teacher
Provenance
Originally published by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>.
Rights Holder
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>
Accrual Method
Item Creation
Contributing Project
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>
External Reference
"<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2486" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 33: The Florida Sinkhole Institute</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2486.
"<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2459" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 7: The Winter Park Sinkhole Part 1: Eyewitness Reactions to a Disaster</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2459.
"<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2460" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 8: The Winter Park Sinkhole Part 2: The Effects and Aftermath</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2460.
"<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2486" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 33: The Florida Sinkhole Institute</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2486.
Grove, Jim. "<a href="http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1996-11-15/features/9611080408_1_sinkhole-winter-park-rose-williams" target="_blank">In 1981, World Was Riveted By The Saga Of The Sinkhole</a>." <em>The Orlando Sentinel</em>, June 13, 2013. http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1996-11-15/features/9611080408_1_sinkhole-winter-park-rose-williams.
Jammal & Associates. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/9089087" target="_blank"><em>The Winter Park Sinkhole: A Report to the City of Winter Park</em></a>. Winter Park, Fla: Jammal & Assoc, 1982.
Kindinger, Jack L., and James G. Flocks. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/44796974" target="_blank"><em>Geologic Controls on the Formation of Florida Sinkhole Lakes</em></a>. St. Petersburg, Fla: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2000.
"<a href="http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/os-fla360-pictures-winter-park-sinkhole-20121113,0,5366877.photogallery">Pictures: Winter Park Sinkhole</a>."& <em>The Chicago Tribune</em>. http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/os-fla360-pictures-winter-park-sinkhole-20121113,0,5366877.photogallery.
Click to View (Movie, Podcast, or Website)
<a href="http://youtu.be/-lLnipaMvjI" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 33: The Florida Sinkhole Institute</a>
Date Copyrighted
2012-07-02
Date Issued
2012-07-02
artesian level
Denning Drive
documentary
environment
environmentalism
erosion
erosion pipe
Fairbanks Avenue
Florida Sinkhole Research Institute
hawthorn
Kujawa, Frank
Lake Rose
limestone
Owens, Mae Rose
podcast
RICHES Podcast Documentaries
Robert Cassanello
sand
sinkhole
solution pipe
water table
Williams, Mae Rose Owens
Winter Park
Winter Park Sinkhole