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https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/a7d8519a5cfcc6f86fc02ecc0498a2ec.jpg
3d767678891393a5630a9771d2e217e8
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
U.S. Census Collection
Alternative Title
Census Collection
Subject
Census--United States
Population--United States
Orange County (Fla.)
Marion County (Fla.)
Brevard County (Fla.)
St. Lucie County (Fla.)
Seminole County (Fla.)
Volusia County (Fla.)
Flagler County (Fla.)
Lake County (Fla.)
Osceola County (Fla.)
Description
Collection of United States Census population records for various counties in Central Florida from 1840 to 2000.
The Census Act of 1840 was signed into law on March 3, 1839 and later amended on February 26, 1840. This piece of legislation established a centralized census office during each enumeration. Congress designated the census questionnaire designs to the Secretary of State. However, each household received inquiries regarding "the pursuits, industry, education, and resources of the country" and included questions related to school attendance, literacy, and vocation.
In March of 1849, Congress pass legislation that established a census board consisting of the Secretary of State, the Attorney General, and the Postmaster General. The board was responsible for preparing and printing forms and schedules for enumeration related to population, mining, agriculture, commerce, manufacturing, education, etc. The 1850 Census also increased population inquiries to include every free person's name (as opposed to just the head of the household), as well as information on taxes, schools, crime, wages, estate values, etc.
The Census Act of 1850 authorized the U.S. Census of 1860 and stipulated that its provisions be adhered to for all future decennial censuses should no new legislation be passed by the first of the year of said census. In May of 1865, the U.S. Census Office was abolished and many superintending clerks were transferred to the General Land Office.
Although the 1870 Census was conducted under the provisions of the Census Act of 1850, a new act was passed on May 6, 1870. The new census legislation required two changes in procedures related to questionnaire return submission dates. Moreover, penalties for refusing to reply to inquires were expanded to apply to all questions and questionnaires. The questionnaires themselves had to be redesigned due to the end of the "slave questionnaire", as slavery had been formally abolished slavery nationwide via the Thirteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. This left five schedules for the census: General Population, Mortality, Agriculture, Products of Industry, and Social Statistics. In addition, the use of a Charles W. Seaton, a U.S. Census Office chief clerk and later superintendent, invited a rudimentary tallying machine that partially alleviated the difficulties of tallying and tabulating questionnaire responses. Finally, the new superintendent for the Ninth Census, General Francis A. Walker, introduced employment examinations to test the qualifications of applicants to the Census Office, allowing for increased efficiency in the process of collecting census data.
The newest act authorizing the Census of 1880 provided for supervision of enumeration by "supervisors of the census", selected exclusively for the collection of census data. All supervisors, as well as the superintendent, were to appointed by the U.S. President and approved by the Senate. Census enumerators were required to personally visit each household and family within his subdivision. The new census act also allowed for the collection of data related to the condition and operation of railroad corporations, incorporated express companies, and telegraph companies, as well as data related to the condition and operation of life, fire, and marine insurance companies. Corporations who refused to provide the census with "true and complete" answers were subject to fines. In addition, the census superintendent was required to collect and publish data on the population, industries and resources of the District of Alaska. Finally, the 1880 Census consisted of five schedules: Population, Mortality, Agriculture, Social Statistics, and Manufacturing.
The Census of 1890 was authorized by an act modeled after the 1880 enumeration and signed into law on March 1, 1889. The 1890 Census was supervised by 175 employees and enumerators were required to collect all information by personally visiting each household. The 1890 Census included essentially the same inquires from the 1880 Census, with some notable additions, such as questions about home and farm ownership and indebtedness; and the names, units, length of service, and residences of former Union soldiers and sailors, as well as the names of the widows of those who were no longer alive. Racial categorization was expanded to include "Japanese", along with "Chinese", "Negro", "mulatto", "quadroon", "octoroon", and "White". Herman Hollerith, a former employee of the U.S. Census Office, invited the electric tabulating system, which was widely used in the 1890 Census, allowing data to be processed faster and more efficiently. On October 3, 1893, Congress passed a law that transferred census-related work to the direction of the commissioner of labor. Congress passed another act on March 2, 1895, effectively abolishing the U.S. Census Office and transferring the remaining responsibilities to the Office of the Secretary of the Interior.
Congress limited the Census of 1900 to content related to population, mortality, agriculture, and manufacturing. Special census agents were authorized to collect statistics related to incidents of deafness, blindness, insanity, and juvenile delinquency; as well as data on religious bodies, utilities, mining, and transportation. The act authorizing the 1900 Census designated the enumeration of military personally to the U.S. Department of War and the U.S. Department of the Navy, while Indiana Territory was to be enumerated by the commissioner of Indian Affairs. Annexed in 1898, Hawaii was included in the census for the first time. In 1902, the U.S. Census Office was officially established as a permanent organization within the U.S. Department of the Interior. The office became the U.S. Census Bureau in 1903 and was transferred to the Department of Commerce and Labor.
The Census of 1910 was approved by legislation introduced in December of 1907 and enacted in July of 1909. The delay was the result of a disagreement over the appointment of enumerators. President Theodore Roosevelt supported the hiring of enumerators via the civil service system, while Congress supported enumerators as positions of patronage. President Roosevelt successfully won the debate. This census act also changed Census Day from the traditional date of June 1st to April 15th. Additional questions regarding the nationality and native language of foreign-born persons and their parents. Funds for the U.S. Census Bureau were also increased to expand the Census' permanent workforce and created several new full-time positions, including a geographer, a chief statistician, and an assistant director. The assistant director was to be appointed by the President and approved by the Senate, while all other census employees were hired on the basis of open, competitive examinations administered by the Civil Service Commission. Despite the use of automatic counting machinery, issues with the tabulation process persisted. Finally, with the United States' entrance into World War I in 1917, the U.S. Census Bureau became a source of even more valuable purpose: the Census was able to use population and economic data to report on the populations of draft-age men, as well as information regarding each state's industrial capabilities.
The Census of 1920 changed the date of Census Day from April 15th to January 1st, as requested by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, which argued that farmers' memories and harvest information would be more accurate on this day. The U.S. Census Bureau was also authorized to hire additional employees at its headquarters in Washington, D.C. and to create a special field force to collect census data. The legislation authorizing the 1920 Census also allowed for a census of manufacturing to be conducted in 1921, and for such a census to be repeated every two years thereafter, as opposed to the traditional five-year census cycle. Furthermore, a census of agriculture and livestock was to be conducted in 1925 and to be repeated every ten years thereafter. In addition, penalties for those who refused to supply information or those who supplied false information were strengthened. As a result of these changes, census of population, manufacturing, and agriculture and livestock became increasingly independent of one another.
The "usual place of abode", the location where residents regularly slept, instead of where they worked or were visiting, became the new basis for enumeration in the 1920 Census. Those with no permanent or regular residence were listed as residents of the location that they were enumerated at. Enumeration related to institutional inmates and dependent, defective, and delinquent classes were also modified. Unlike the previous census, the 1920 Census did not have inquires related to unemployment, to Union or Confederate Army or Navy service, to the number of children born, or to the length of time that a couple had been married. The Census of 1920, however, did include four additional questions: one regarding year of naturalization and three regarding native languages. Issues also arose as a result of changes in international boundaries following World War I, particularly for persons declaring birth or parental birth in Austria-Hungary, Germany, Russia, or Turkey. In response, enumerators were required to ask said persons for their province, state, or region of birth. Enumerators were not required to ask individuals how to spell their names, nor were respondents required to provide proof of various pieces of information. Race was determined by the enumerator's impressions.
The act authorizing the 1930 Census was approved on June 18, 1929, allowing for a census of population, agriculture, irrigation, draining, distribution, unemployment, and mining. For the first time, specific questions for inquiry were left to the discretion of the Director of the Census. The Census encompassed each state, as well as the District of Columbia, Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico. The Governors of Guam, American Samoa, the Virginia Islands, and the Panama Canal Zone were responsible for conducting censuses in their territory. Between the date that the census act was passed and Census Day (April 1st), the stock market crashed, plunging the entire country into the Great Depression. In response, there were public and academic requests for access to unemployment data collected in the 1930 Census; however, the U.S. Census Bureau was unable to meet this demands and the bureau was accused of present unreliable data. Congress required a special unemployment census for January 1931, which ultimately confirmed the severity of the economic crisis. Another unemployment census was conducted in 1937, as mandated by Congress. Because this special census was voluntary, it allowed the Census Bureau to experiment with statistical sampling. Only two percent of households received a special census questionnaire.
Congress authorized the 1940 Census in August 1939, providing the Director of the Census the additional authority to conduct a national census of housing in each state, the District of Columbia, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and Alaska. The housing census was conducted separately, though enumerators often collection housing information at the same time that they collected population information. The Census of 1940 was the first time that the U.S. Census Bureau used advanced statistical techniques. In particular, the census used probably sampling, which had only previously been tested in a trial census of unemployment conducted the Civil Works Administration during 1933-1934, in surveys of retail stores in the 1930s, and in an official sample survey of unemployment conducted amongst two percent of American households in 1937. Probability sampling allowed for the inclusion of additional demographic questions without increasing the burden on the collection process or on data processing. Moreover, sampling the U.S. Census Bureau was able to publish preliminary returns eight months before tabulations were completed. Likewise, the census increased its number of published tables, and also was able to complete data processing with higher quality and more efficiency. New census questions focused on employment, unemployment, internal migration, and incomes—reflecting on the concerns of the Great Depression, the country's housing stock, and the need for public housing programs.
The Census of 1950 encompassed every state, Alaska, Hawaii, American Samoa, the Panama Canal Zone, Guam, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and other small American territories. For the first time, the U.S. Census Bureau enumerate American living abroad to account for members of the U.S. Armed Forces, vessel crew members, and government employees residing in foreign countries. The U.S. Department of Defense, the U.S. Department of State, the U.S. Maritime Administration, and several other federal agencies were responsible for distributing and collecting census questionnaires in a cooperative effort. Persons living abroad for reasons other than what is listed above had their census information reported by families or neighbors residing in the United States, but such data was criticized as unreliable and were not published in official statistics. The 1950 Census also included a new survey on residential financing collected separately on a sample basis from owners of owner-occupied properties, rental properties, and mortgage lenders. The accuracy of the new census was increased by improved enumerator training, the use of detailed street maps for enumerators, the publication of "Missed Person" forms in local newspapers, and the designation of a specific night to conduct a special enumeration of transient individuals. Moreover, a post-enumeration survey was conducted to further verify the accuracy of the original enumeration. A sample of approximately 3,500 small areas was compared to the original census data to identify households that may have been omitted initially. Likewise, a sample of approximately 22,000 households were re-interviewed to identify persons omitted in the original enumeration count. Though not used for the 1950 Census, the UNIVersal Automatic Computer I (UNIVAC I), the first non-military computer, was used to tabulate some of the statistics for the 1954 census of economy. In August of 1954, Congress codified various census statutes, such as the Fifteenth Census Act of 1929, authorizing the decennial census and other census.
The Census of 1960 was the first to be mailed to respondents. The U.S. Postal Service delivered census questionnaires to households, the head of household was required to complete the questionnaire, and an enumerator was to pick it up. The enumeration process was divided into two stages: first, select data for each person and dwelling unit was collected; and second, more detailed economic and social data was collected from a sample of households and dwelling units. The census questionnaires for the second stage were hand-delivered by enumerators as they were collecting data from the first stage. Households receiving the second census questionnaire were to complete the form and mail it to their local census office. Twenty-five percent of the population was giving additional sample questions. Because of the increased use of sampling, less populated areas were prone to sampling variation; however, this did not significantly decrease the usefulness of census statistics gathered. Moreover, increased use of sampling reduced data processing costs. Additional questions included in the 1960 Census were related to places of works and means of transportation to work. By 1960, nearly all census data was processed using computers. The U.S. Census Bureau used a Film Optical Sensing Device for Input to Computer (FOSDIC) for the first time, thus decreasing the amount of time and money required for data input.
In 1966, the U.S. Census Bureau sought suggestions from advisory committees and from the public, resulting in numerous proposals for additional inquiries related to the scope and structure of the census, as well as in public interest for the publication of additional census data. Researchers also concluded that the 1950 Census and the 1960 Census had undercounted certain segments of the population. Moreover, they noted a growing distrust of government activity and increased resistance to responding to the census. Simultaneously, both the public and private sectors expressed need for accurate information. The U.S. Census Bureau decreased its number of questions from 66 to 23 in an effort to simplify its products. A register for densely populated areas was also created to ensure that all housing units were accounted for. A Spanish-language questionnaire was also enclosed with census questionnaires in areas with a significant amount of Spanish-speaking households. Additionally, a question on Hispanic origins or descent was asked independently from race, but only on a five-percent sample. Only five questions were given to all individuals: relationship to household head, sex, race, age, and marital status. Additional questions were asked in smaller sample groups. This was also the first census in which respondents of urban areas were asked to mail their forms to the Census Bureau, rather than to hold questionnaires for enumerators.
Address Coding Guides were used to assign census geographic codes to questionnaires. Counts, a series of computer tape files, were an additional innovation used to increase the accuracy of census data. Count 1 consisted of complete count data for block groups and/or enumeration districts. Count 2 contained census tracts and minor civil/census county divisions, while Count 3 consisted of census blocks. Counts 4-6 provided sample census data for geographic areas of various population sizes. The Census Bureau also produced six Public Use Microdata Sample files, each of which contained complete information for a sample of approximately two million people. Finally, the Census Bureau developed the Summary Tape Processing Center Program, which was a group of organizations, both public and private, that processed census data from computer tapes.
For the 1990 Census, the U.S. Census Bureau utilized extensive user consultation prior to enumeration in order to refine both long and short form census questionnaires. The short form consisted of 13 questions and was given to the entire population. The long form asked 45 questions and was given to a 20 percent sample. The long form included topics related to marital history, carpooling, residence, residential elevators, and energy usage. Unlike the 1980 Census, the new census eliminated questions regarding air conditioning, the number of bathrooms in a residence, and the type of heating equipment used. A vast advertising campaign was marketed to increase public awareness of the census via public television, radio, and print media. Like the previous census, the Census of 1990 made a special effort to enumerate groups that have historically been undercounted in previous censuses called "S-Night": individuals in homeless shelters, soup kitchens, bus and railway stations, and dormitories (enumerated separately in the 1980 Census on "M-Night"); and permanent residents in hotels and motels (enumerated separately in the 1980 Census on "T-Night"). Following legal issues filed in response to the 1980 Census regarding statistical readjustment of undercounted areas, the Census Bureau initiated a post-enumeration survey (PES), in which a contemporaneous survey of households would be conducted and compare to the census results from the official census. In a partial resolution of a 1989 lawsuit filed by New York plaintiffs, the U.S. Department of Commerce agreed to use the PES to produce population data that had been adjusted for the projected undercount and that said data would be judged against the unadjusted data by the Secretary of Commerce's Special Advisory Panel (SAP).
The Census of 1990 also introduced the U.S. to the Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing System (TIGER), which was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Census Bureau. TIGER used computerized representations of various map features to geographically code addresses into appropriate census geographic areas. It also produced different maps required for census data collection and tabulation. Five years earlier, the Census Bureau became the first government agency to publish information on CD-ROM. For the 1990 Census, the bureau made detailed census data, which had previously been only available to organizations with large mainframe computers, accessible to any individual with a personal computer. Census data was also available in print, on computer tape, and on microfiche. Using two online service vendors, DIALOG and CompuServe, the Census Bureau also published select census data online.
As with previous censuses, the 1990 Census undercounted the national population, and again, the African-American population had an estimated net undercount rate that was significantly higher than the rate for other races. In July of 1991, the Secretary of Commerce announced that he did not find evidence in favor of using adjusted counts compelling—despite SAP's split vote on the issue—and chose to use unadjusted totals for the official census results. In response, the New York plaintiffs resumed the lawsuit against the Department of Commerce. A federal district court divided in favor of the DOC in April of 1993. The U.S. Court of Appeals, however, rejected the previous court ruling and ordered that the case be reheard by the federal district court. In March of 1996, the U.S. Supreme Court finally ruled in favor of the Secretary of Commerce's decision to use the unadjusted census date, but did not rule on the legality or constitutionality of the use of statistical adjustment in producing apportionment counts.
For the 1990 Census, the U.S. Census Bureau utilized extensive user consultation prior to enumeration in order to refine both long and short form census questionnaires. The short form consisted of 13 questions and was given to the entire population. The long form asked 45 questions and was given to a 20 percent sample. The long form included topics related to marital history, carpooling, residence, residential elevators, and energy usage. Unlike the 1980 Census, the new census eliminated questions regarding air conditioning, the number of bathrooms in a residence, and the type of heating equipment used. A vast advertising campaign was marketed to increase public awareness of the census via public television, radio, and print media. Like the previous census, the Census of 1990 made a special effort to enumerate groups that have historically been undercounted in previous censuses called "S-Night": individuals in homeless shelters, soup kitchens, bus and railway stations, and dormitories (enumerated separately in the 1980 Census on "M-Night"); and permanent residents in hotels and motels (enumerated separately in the 1980 Census on "T-Night"). Following legal issues filed in response to the 1980 Census regarding statistical readjustment of undercounted areas, the Census Bureau initiated a post-enumeration survey (PES), in which a contemporaneous survey of households would be conducted and compare to the census results from the official census. In a partial resolution of a 1989 lawsuit filed by New York plaintiffs, the U.S. Department of Commerce agreed to use the PES to produce population data that had been adjusted for the projected undercount and that said data would be judged against the unadjusted data by the Secretary of Commerce's Special Advisory Panel (SAP).
The Census of 1990 also introduced the U.S. to the Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing System (TIGER), which was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Census Bureau. TIGER used computerized representations of various map features to geographically code addresses into appropriate census geographic areas. It also produced different maps required for census data collection and tabulation. Five years earlier, the Census Bureau became the first government agency to publish information on CD-ROM. For the 1990 Census, the bureau made detailed census data, which had previously been only available to organizations with large mainframe computers, accessible to any individual with a personal computer. Census data was also available in print, on computer tape, and on microfiche. Using two online service vendors, DIALOG and CompuServe, the Census Bureau also published select census data online.
As with previous censuses, the 1990 Census undercounted the national population, and again, the African-American population had an estimated net undercount rate that was significantly higher than the rate for other races. In July of 1991, the Secretary of Commerce announced that he did not find evidence in favor of using adjusted counts compelling—despite SAP's split vote on the issue—and chose to use unadjusted totals for the official census results. In response, the New York plaintiffs resumed the lawsuit against the Department of Commerce. A federal district court divided in favor of the DOC in April of 1993. The U.S. Court of Appeals, however, rejected the previous court ruling and ordered that the case be reheard by the federal district court. In March of 1996, the U.S. Supreme Court finally ruled in favor of the Secretary of Commerce's decision to use the unadjusted census date, but did not rule on the legality or constitutionality of the use of statistical adjustment in producing apportionment counts.
For the Census of 2000, the short form consisted of only seven questions, while the long form consisted of 52 questions and used for a 17 percent sample of the population. For the first time, race questions were not limited to a single category; rather, respondents were able to check multiple boxes. A new question related to grandparents as caregivers was also mandated by legislation passed in 1996. Disability questions were expanded to including hearing and vision impairments, as well as learning, memory, and concentration disabilities. The 2000 Census also eliminated questions related to children born, water sources, sewage disposal, and condominium status. In addition, the 2000 Census was the first in which the Internet was used as the principal medium for the dissemination of census information. Summary Files were available for download immediately upon release and individual tables could be viewed via American FactFinder, the Census Bureau's online database. Files were also available for purchase on CD-Rom and DVD.
Due to declining questionnaire mail-back rates, the U.S. Census Bureau marketed a $167 million national and local print, television, and public advertising campaign in 17 different languages. The campaign successfully brought the mail-back rate up to 67 percent. Additionally, respondents receiving the short form were given the option of responding via the Internet. Telephone questionnaire assistance centers available in 6 languages also took responses via the phone. Statistical sampling techniques were utilized in two ways: first, to alter the traditional 100 percent personal visit of non-responding households during the non-response follow-up (NRFU) process by instead following up on a smaller sample basis; second, the sampling of 750,000 housing units matched to housing unit questionnaires obtained from mail and telephone responses, as well as from personal visits. The goal of the latter was to develop adjustment factors for individuals estimated to have been missed or duplicated and to correct the census counts to produce one set of numbers. This "one-number census" would correct for net coverage errors called Integrated Coverage Measurement (ICM). Both of these measures were taken in an attempt to avoid repetition of the litigation costs generated by the 1980 Census and the 1990 Census. Despite these efforts, two lawsuits—one filed by the U.S. House of Representatives—were filed in February 1998 challenging the constitutionality and legality of the planned uses of sampling to produce apportionment counts. Both cases were decided in favor of the plaintiffs in federal district courts, but the U.S. Department of Commerce made appeals to the U.S. Supreme Court. Known as the U.S. Department of Commerce v. the U.S. House of Representatives, the Court ruled that the Census Bureau's plans to use statistical sampling for purposes of congressional apportionments violated the Census Act. The bureau revised its plan, stating that it would produce statistically adjusted data for non-apportionment uses of census data information, such as redistricting. However, in March of 2001, the Census Bureau recommended against the use of adjusted census data for redistricting due to accuracy concerns; the Secretary of Commerce determined that the unadjusted data would be released as the bureau's official redistricting data. The Director of the Census Bureau also rejected to the use of adjusted data for non-redistricting purposes in October of that same year.
Language
eng
Type
Collection
Coverage
Mosquito County, Florida
Brevard County, Florida
Flagler County, Florida
Lake County, Florida
Marion County, Florida
Orange County, Florida
Osceola County, Florida
Seminole County, Florida
Volusia County, Florida
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Contributor
Gibson, Ella
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>.
Rights Holder
<span>This resource is not subject to copyright in the United States and there are no copyright restrictions on reproduction, derivative works, distribution, performance, or display of the work. Anyone may, without restriction under U.S. copyright laws:</span>
<ul class="one_column_bullet"><li>reproduce the work in print or digital form</li>
<li>create derivative works</li>
<li>perform the work publicly</li>
<li>display the work</li>
<li>distribute copies or digitally transfer the work to the public by sale or other transfer of ownership, or by rental, lease, or lending.</li>
</ul><span>This resources is provided here by </span><a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a><span> for educational purposes only. For more information on copyright, please refer to </span><a href="http://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap1.html#105" target="_blank">Section 5</a><span> of </span><a href="http://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap1.html" target="_blank">Copyright Law of the United States of America and Related Laws Contained in Title 17 of the United States Code</a><span>.</span>
Source Repository
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>
External Reference
<span>United States. <a href="https://www.census.gov/history/pdf/wright-hunt.pdf" target="_blank"><em>Historical Statistics of the United States: Colonial Times to 1970</em></a></span><span>. Washington: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 1975. https://www.census.gov/history/pdf/histstats-colonial-1970.pdf.</span>
<span>United States, and Carroll D. Wright. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/166662" target="_blank"><em>The History and Growth of the United States Census</em></a></span><span>. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1900. https://www.census.gov/history/pdf/wright-hunt.pdf.</span>
"<a href="https://www.census.gov/history/www/through_the_decades/" target="_blank">Through the Decades</a>." United States Census Bureau, United States Department of Commerce. https://www.census.gov/history/www/through_the_decades/.
Document
A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.
Original Format
1 table
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
U.S. Census for Central Florida, 1950
Alternative Title
Census, 1950
Subject
Census--United States
Orange County (Fla.)
Marion County (Fla.)
Brevard County (Fla.)
St. Lucie County (Fla.)
Seminole County (Fla.)
Volusia County (Fla.)
Flagler County (Fla.)
Lake County (Fla.)
Osceola County (Fla.)
Population--United States
Description
The Seventeenth United States Census records for Brevard County, Flagler County, Lake County, Marion County, Orange County, Osceola County, Seminole County, and Volusia County, Florida, for 1950. The census divides the population by gender, race ("white" and "black"), and native-born vs. foreign-born. The census then lists the population categorized by age, marital status, primary and secondary school attendance, and college attendance. The census also collected information on agriculture, on unemployment, and on labor.<br /><br />The Census of 1950 encompassed every state, Alaska, Hawaii, American Samoa, the Panama Canal Zone, Guam, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and other small American territories. For the first time, the U.S. Census Bureau enumerated Americans living abroad to account for members of the Armed Forces, vessel crew members, and government employees residing in foreign countries. The Department of Defense (DOD), the Department of State (DOS), the Maritime Administration (MARAD), and several other federal agencies were responsible for distributing and collecting census questionnaires in a cooperative effort. Persons living abroad for reasons other than what is listed above had their census information reported by families or neighbors residing in the United States, but such data was criticized as unreliable and were not published in official statistics.<br /><br />The 1950 Census also included a new survey on residential financing collected separately on a sample basis from owners of owner-occupied properties, rental properties, and mortgage lenders. The accuracy of the new census was increased by improved enumerator training, the use of detailed street maps for enumerators, the publication of "Missed Person" forms in local newspapers, and the designation of a specific night to conduct a special enumeration of transient individuals. Moreover, a post-enumeration survey was conducted to further verify the accuracy of the original enumeration. A sample of approximately 3,500 small areas was compared to the original census data to identify households that may have been omitted initially. Likewise, a sample of approximately 22,000 households were re-interviewed to identify persons omitted in the original enumeration count. Though not used for the 1950 Census, the UNIVersal Automatic Computer I (UNIVAC I), the first non-military computer, was used to tabulate some of the statistics for the 1954 census of economy. In August of 1954, Congress codified various census statutes, such as the Fifteenth Census Act of 1929, authorizing the decennial census and other census.
Type
Dataset
Source
Original census data collected by the <a href="http://www.census.gov/" target="_blank">U.S. Census Bureau</a>, 1950.
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/104" target="_blank">U.S. Census Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida.
Is Format Of
Digital reproduction of original census data collected by the <a href="http://www.census.gov/" target="_blank">U.S. Census Bureau</a>, 1950.
Coverage
Brevard County, Florida
Flagler County, Florida
Lake County, Florida
Marion County, Florida
Orange County, Florida
Osceola County, Florida
Seminole County, Florida
Volusia County, Florida
Creator
<a href="http://www.census.gov/" target="_blank">U.S. Census Bureau</a>
Publisher
<a href="http://www.commerce.gov/" target="_blank">U.S. Department of Commerce</a>
Contributor
<a href="http://www.defense.gov/" target="_blank">U.S. Department of Defense</a>
<a href="http://www.state.gov/" target="_blank">U.S. Department of State</a>
<a href="http://www.marad.dot.gov/" target="_blank">U.S. Maritime Administration</a>
Gibson, Ella
Date Created
ca. 1950-04-01
Format
image/jpg
Extent
1.59 MB
Medium
1 table
Language
eng
Mediator
History Teacher
Economics Teacher
Civics/Government Teacher
Geography Teacher
Provenance
Originally collected by the <a href="http://www.census.gov/" target="_blank">U.S. Census Bureau</a> and published by the <a href="http://www.commerce.gov/" target="_blank">U.S. Department of Commerce</a>.
Rights Holder
This resource is not subject to copyright in the United States and there are no copyright restrictions on reproduction, derivative works, distribution, performance, or display of the work. Anyone may, without restriction under U.S. copyright laws:
<ul class="one_column_bullet"><li>reproduce the work in print or digital form;</li>
<li>create derivative works;</li>
<li>perform the work publicly;</li>
<li>display the work;</li>
<li>distribute copies or digitally transfer the work to the public by sale or other transfer of ownership, or by rental, lease, or lending.</li>
</ul>
This resources is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. For more information on copyright, please refer to <a href="http://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap1.html#105" target="_blank">Section 5</a> of <a href="http://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap1.html" target="_blank">Copyright Law of the United States of America and Related Laws Contained in Title 17 of the United States Code</a>.
Accrual Method
Item Creation
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
External Reference
"<a href="https://www.census.gov/history/www/through_the_decades/overview/1950.html" target="_blank">1950 Overview</a>." U.S. Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov/history/www/through_the_decades/overview/1950.html.
United States. <a href="https://www.census.gov/history/pdf/wright-hunt.pdf" target="_blank"><em>Historical Statistics of the United States: Colonial Times to 1970</em></a>. Washington: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 1975. https://www.census.gov/history/pdf/histstats-colonial-1970.pdf.
United States, and Carroll D. Wright. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/166662" target="_blank"><em>The History and Growth of the United States Census</em></a>. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1950. https://www.census.gov/history/pdf/wright-hunt.pdf.
Office of the Assistant Director for Statistical Standards, Statistical Reports Division. <a href="http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1950/proceduralHistory/1950proceduralhistory.zip" target="_blank"><em>The 1950 Censuses How They Were Taken</em></a>. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1955.
Transcript
U.S. Census of 1950
Population
Brevard County Flagler County Lake County Marion County Orange County Osceola County Seminole County Volusia County
Population Total 23,653 3,367 36,340 38,187 114,950 11,406 26,883 74,229
Males 11,830 1,757 17,876 18,648 55,112 5,496 13,129 35,474
Females 11,823 1,610 18,464 19,539 59,838 5,910 13,754 38,755
White Population Total 17,652 1,833 27,798 23,593 92,184 9,914 14,943 57,844
Males 8,849 942 13,631 11,643 43,937 4,748 7,383 27,653
Females 8,803 891 14,167 11,950 48,247 5,166 7,560 30,191
Native-Born Population Males 8,397 85 13,176 11,366 42,144 4,544 7,105 25,983
Females 8,352 826 13,698 11,680 46,263 4,947 7,309 28,455
Foreign-Born Population Males 452 92 455 277 1,793 204 278 1,670
Females 451 65 469 270 1,984 219 251 1,736
Black Population Males 2,972 813 4,240 7,002 11,156 746 5,742 7,799
Females 3,012 718 4,293 7,587 11,575 742 6,193 8,550
Other Race Population Males 9 2 5 3 19 2 4 22
Females 8 1 4 2 16 2 1 14
Population by Marital Status, Aged 14+ Total 17,999 2,445 26,993 27,532 87,882 9,044 19,692 58,330
Single 3,145 414 4,711 5,214 15,291 1,362 3,822 10,445
Married 12,738 1,759 19,245 18,945 62,061 6,249 13,472 39,786
Widowed or Divorced 2,116 272 3,037 3,373 10,530 1,433 2,398 8,099
Male Population by Marital Status, Aged 15+ Total 8,992 1,308 13,249 13,237 41,526 4,311 9,441 27,509
Single 1,967 288 2,702 2,901 8,054 780 2,186 5,566
Married 6,379 901 9,665 9,395 30,748 3,101 6,577 19,819
Widowed or Divorced 646 119 882 941 2,724 430 678 2,104
Female Population by Marital Status, Aged 15+ Total 9,007 1,137 13,744 14,295 46,356 4,733 10,251 30,821
Single 1,178 126 2,009 2,313 7,237 582 1,636 4,859
Married 6,359 858 9,580 9,550 31,313 3,148 6,895 19,967
Widowed or Divorced 1,470 153 2,155 2,432 7,806 1,003 1,720 5,995
Education
Brevard County Flagler County Lake County Marion County Orange County Osceola County Seminole County Volusia County
Population by School Completion No School Completed 310 90 500 750 1,085 175 595 1,120
At Least Some Elementary 5,985 1,090 9,610 10,855 27,050 3,685 7,665 17,065
1-4 Years of Elementary 1,555 480 2,730 3,380 6,255 695 2,890 3,795
5-6 Years 1,380 285 2,450 2,750 6,340 890 1,970 3,635
7 Years 900 85 1,295 1,375 4,460 610 970 2,330
8 Years 2,150 240 3,135 3,350 9,995 1,490 1,835 7,305
At Least Some High School 5,585 390 7,510 6,915 28,585 2,445 4,390 18,655
1-3 Years of High School 2,545 215 3,595 3,445 12,440 1,235 2,210 8,400
4 Years of High School 3,040 175 3,915 3,470 16,145 121 2,180 10,255
At Least Some College 2,115 165 3,345 2,300 12,960 995 1,760 8,765
1-3 Years of College 1,125 90 1,795 1,315 7,010 650 995 4,890
4 Years of College 990 75 1,550 985 5,950 345 765 3,875
Unknown Years 840 60 565 570 1,790 250 440 1,235
Agriculture
Brevard County Flagler County Lake County Marion County Orange County Osceola County Seminole County Volusia County
Farms by Race Total 705 111 1,711 1,906 1,780 399 541 1,066
White 686 111 1,669 1,348 1,740 397 521 1,038
Non-White 19 0 42 558 40 2 20 28
Acreage of Farms Total 277,842 170,435 249,815 621,134 354,080 766,899 155,595 210,933
Farms by Tenure Livestock-Share Tenants 1 0 0 4 0 0 0 0
Croppers 1 0 4 12 3 0 0 1
Other and Unspecified Tenants 15 4 24 54 20 9 7 19
Other Tenants 9 3 5 20 3 1 1 0
Unspecified Tenants 6 1 19 34 17 8 6 19
All Tenants 22 5 42 116 39 11 17 32
Cash Tenants 4 1 10 37 12 1 8 8
Share-Cash Tenants 1 0 0 5 4 1 1 1
Farms of Full Owners Total 617 89 1,500 1,433 1,585 344 446 919
Tenants with Landlord Living on Farm Total 2 2 9 31 6 1 2 8
Farm Acreage by Ownership and Management Full Owners 94,958 78,912 161,135 255,841 182,321 191,967 92,919 114,807
Part Owners 72,157 70,244 61,915 139,905 112,627 357,850 54,985 50,729
Land Managers 109,430 17,900 24,588 207,067 45,699 213,813 7,362 43,335
Operated by Owner 150,373 106,563 197,473 351,029 268,274 445,689 130,590 136,635
Rented by Farm Operator 18,133 48,555 32,498 71,612 53,907 113,192 17,646 34,672
Managed by Farm Operator 109,945 17,900 24,588 210,715 54,258 213,813 7,442 43,335
Rented Out by Farm Operator 609 2,583 4,744 12,222 22,359 5,795 83 3,709
Farms by Acreage Less than 3 45 5 100 34 124 6 18 51
3-9 140 8 232 194 428 51 113 224
Less than 10 185 13 332 228 552 57 131 275
10-29 214 21 477 415 517 103 178 366
30-49 83 12 266 328 210 56 72 133
50-69 48 8 139 144 107 23 34 66
100-139 34 3 103 129 76 21 31 39
140-179 26 5 52 94 41 13 15 19
180-219 16 5 36 63 20 7 6 23
220-499 8 2 26 47 17 2 3 6
260-499 23 10 62 111 51 23 14 28
500-999 16 7 42 61 39 20 9 20
1,000+ 20 17 48 76 52 50 15 28
Value of All Farm Products Sold Total $4,464,184 $1,789,539 $17,744,044 $6,952,360 $26,072,891 $2,150,345 $9,812,180 $6,618,609
Value of All Crops Sold Total $3,818,351 $1,193,522 $16,777,487 $4,256,057 $23,135,632 $898,137 $9,204,491 $4,854,773
Field Crops, Other Than Vegetables $12,387 $835,574 $56,427 $222,924 $40,197 $8,394 $45,592 $20,241
Vegetables $60,813 $306,610 $691,211 $1,250,620 $1,715,864 $35,666 $6,786,987 $186,424
Fruits and Nuts $3,672,443 $50,858 $15,097,477 $2,738,300 $19,527,596 $853,082 $1,530,597 $3,389,325
Horticultural Specialties $72,708 $480 $932,372 $44,213 $1,851,975 $995 $841,315 $1,258,783
Labor
Population in Labor Force Total 9,232 1,317 13,948 142,833 45,869 3,535 10,530 27,998
Civilian Labor Force 8,679 1,316 13,924 14,267 45,750 3,526 10,520 27,944
Armed Forces 553 1 24 16 119 9 10 54
Employed 8,270 1,295 13,486 13,791 43,635 3,333 10,178 26,659
Unemployed 409 21 438 476 2,115 193 342 1,285
Not in Labor Force 8,767 1,128 13,045 13,249 42,013 5,509 9,162 30,332
Male Population in Labor Force Total 6,502 1,009 9,946 10,027 31,191 2,558 6,972 18,757
Civilian Labor Force 5,956 1,008 9,925 10,011 31,085 2,550 6,965 18,705
Armed Forces 546 1 21 16 106 8 7 52
Employed 5,688 996 9,650 9,722 29,651 2,414 6,736 17,870
Unemployed 268 12 275 289 1,434 136 229 835
Not in Labor Force 2,490 299 3,303 3,210 10,335 1,753 2,469 8,752
Female Population in Labor Force Total 2,730 308 4,002 4,256 14,678 977 3,558 9,241
Civilian Labor Force 2,723 308 3,999 4,256 14,665 976 3,555 9,239
Armed Forces 7 0 3 0 13 1 3 2
Employed 2,582 299 3,836 4,069 13,984 919 3,442 8,789
Unemployed 141 9 163 187 681 57 113 450
Not in Labor Force 8,277 829 9,742 10,039 31,678 3,756 6,693 21,580
Population by Sector Private Sector Workers 5,176 937 9,591 9,519 33,124 2,158 7,946 18,466
Government Workers 1,022 98 965 1,182 3,495 379 626 2,489
Self-Employed 1,973 233 2,800 2,850 6,727 772 1,537 5,419
Unpaid Family Works 99 27 130 240 289 24 69 285
Male Population by Sector Private Sector Workers 3,396 730 6,706 6,571 22,041 1,515 5,088 12,037
Government Workers 699 59 580 641 2,127 248 351 1,581
Self-Employed 1,569 198 2,320 2,397 5,426 648 1,266 4,177
Unpaid Family Works 24 9 44 113 57 3 31 75
Female Population by Sector Private Sector Workers 1,780 207 2,885 2,948 11,083 643 2,858 6,429
Government Workers 323 39 385 541 1,368 131 275 908
Self-Employed 404 35 480 453 1,301 124 271 1,242
Unpaid Family Works 75 18 86 127 232 21 38 210
Population by Industry Professional/Technical/Kindred Workers 535 62 866 941 3,780 263 607 2,502
Managers/Proprietors 1,558 236 2,399 2,667 6,189 569 1,304 4,639
Clerical/Kindred Workers 654 29 843 996 4,466 222 658 2,357
Sales Workers 516 34 795 944 4,425 269 557 2,216
Craftsmen/Foremen/Kindred Workers 999 107 1,363 1,446 5,404 431 963 3,584
Operative Workers 933 184 1,955 1,873 5,887 477 1,677 2,816
Private Household Workers 533 22 716 720 2,641 122 408 1,690
Service Workers 737 89 766 1,062 3,685 310 513 3,172
Laborers, Except Mine 1,679 510 3,469 3,011 6,542 592 3,247 3,297
Occupation Not Reported 126 22 314 131 616 78 244 386
Male Population by Industry Professional/Technical/Kindred Workers 309 39 473 469 2,068 140 319 1,451
Managers/Proprietors 1,249 207 2,080 2,341 5,253 482 1,114 3,665
Clerical/Kindred Workers 223 12 271 348 1,436 86 235 772
Sales Workers 319 14 500 591 3,148 156 404 1,424
Craftsmen/Foremen/Kindred Workers 984 106 1,334 1,416 5,273 421 942 3,510
Operative Workers 655 160 1,416 1,516 4,384 387 1,081 2,232
Private Household Workers 26 3 36 23 140 8 14 116
Service Workers 290 23 288 451 1,588 118 237 1,406
Laborers, Except Mine 1,543 418 3,068 2,480 5,957 565 2,245 3,036
Occupation Not Reported 90 14 184 87 404 51 145 258
Female Population by Industry Professional/Technical/Kindred Workers 226 23 393 472 1,712 123 288 1,051
Managers/Proprietors 309 29 319 326 936 87 190 974
Clerical/Kindred Workers 431 17 572 648 3,030 136 423 1,585
Sales Workers 197 20 295 353 1,277 113 153 792
Craftsmen/Foremen/Kindred Workers 15 1 29 30 131 10 21 74
Operative Workers 278 24 539 357 1,503 90 596 584
Private Household Workers 507 19 680 697 2,501 114 394 1,574
Service Workers 447 66 478 611 2,097 192 276 1,766
Laborers, Except Mine 136 92 401 531 585 27 1,002 261
Occupation Not Reported 36 8 130 44 212 27 99 128
African Americans
agriculture
Anglo Americans
Armed Forces
Brevard County
Caucasian Americans
census
Census of 1950
civilian labor
clerical
colleges
craftsman
craftsmen
crops
divorced
domestic service
education
employees
European Americans
farm operators
farm products
farmland
farms
females
field crops
Flagler County
foreman
foremen
forewoman
forewomen
fruits
government
horticultural specialties
kindred
labor
labor force
laborers
Lake County
land managers
landlords
livestock
males
managers
Marion County
marital status
married
nuts
operative
orange county
Osceola County
population
primary education
private household
private sector
professionals
proprietors
public sector
sales
schools
secondary education
Seminole County
service industry
sharecroppers
sharecropping
single
technical
tenant farmers
tenant farming
tenants
U.S. Census
unemployment
universities
university
vegetables
Volusia County
widowed
workers
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3a7ef7ad3a7ce370fedcc74612a39049
Dublin Core
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Title
U.S. Census Collection
Alternative Title
Census Collection
Subject
Census--United States
Population--United States
Orange County (Fla.)
Marion County (Fla.)
Brevard County (Fla.)
St. Lucie County (Fla.)
Seminole County (Fla.)
Volusia County (Fla.)
Flagler County (Fla.)
Lake County (Fla.)
Osceola County (Fla.)
Description
Collection of United States Census population records for various counties in Central Florida from 1840 to 2000.
The Census Act of 1840 was signed into law on March 3, 1839 and later amended on February 26, 1840. This piece of legislation established a centralized census office during each enumeration. Congress designated the census questionnaire designs to the Secretary of State. However, each household received inquiries regarding "the pursuits, industry, education, and resources of the country" and included questions related to school attendance, literacy, and vocation.
In March of 1849, Congress pass legislation that established a census board consisting of the Secretary of State, the Attorney General, and the Postmaster General. The board was responsible for preparing and printing forms and schedules for enumeration related to population, mining, agriculture, commerce, manufacturing, education, etc. The 1850 Census also increased population inquiries to include every free person's name (as opposed to just the head of the household), as well as information on taxes, schools, crime, wages, estate values, etc.
The Census Act of 1850 authorized the U.S. Census of 1860 and stipulated that its provisions be adhered to for all future decennial censuses should no new legislation be passed by the first of the year of said census. In May of 1865, the U.S. Census Office was abolished and many superintending clerks were transferred to the General Land Office.
Although the 1870 Census was conducted under the provisions of the Census Act of 1850, a new act was passed on May 6, 1870. The new census legislation required two changes in procedures related to questionnaire return submission dates. Moreover, penalties for refusing to reply to inquires were expanded to apply to all questions and questionnaires. The questionnaires themselves had to be redesigned due to the end of the "slave questionnaire", as slavery had been formally abolished slavery nationwide via the Thirteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. This left five schedules for the census: General Population, Mortality, Agriculture, Products of Industry, and Social Statistics. In addition, the use of a Charles W. Seaton, a U.S. Census Office chief clerk and later superintendent, invited a rudimentary tallying machine that partially alleviated the difficulties of tallying and tabulating questionnaire responses. Finally, the new superintendent for the Ninth Census, General Francis A. Walker, introduced employment examinations to test the qualifications of applicants to the Census Office, allowing for increased efficiency in the process of collecting census data.
The newest act authorizing the Census of 1880 provided for supervision of enumeration by "supervisors of the census", selected exclusively for the collection of census data. All supervisors, as well as the superintendent, were to appointed by the U.S. President and approved by the Senate. Census enumerators were required to personally visit each household and family within his subdivision. The new census act also allowed for the collection of data related to the condition and operation of railroad corporations, incorporated express companies, and telegraph companies, as well as data related to the condition and operation of life, fire, and marine insurance companies. Corporations who refused to provide the census with "true and complete" answers were subject to fines. In addition, the census superintendent was required to collect and publish data on the population, industries and resources of the District of Alaska. Finally, the 1880 Census consisted of five schedules: Population, Mortality, Agriculture, Social Statistics, and Manufacturing.
The Census of 1890 was authorized by an act modeled after the 1880 enumeration and signed into law on March 1, 1889. The 1890 Census was supervised by 175 employees and enumerators were required to collect all information by personally visiting each household. The 1890 Census included essentially the same inquires from the 1880 Census, with some notable additions, such as questions about home and farm ownership and indebtedness; and the names, units, length of service, and residences of former Union soldiers and sailors, as well as the names of the widows of those who were no longer alive. Racial categorization was expanded to include "Japanese", along with "Chinese", "Negro", "mulatto", "quadroon", "octoroon", and "White". Herman Hollerith, a former employee of the U.S. Census Office, invited the electric tabulating system, which was widely used in the 1890 Census, allowing data to be processed faster and more efficiently. On October 3, 1893, Congress passed a law that transferred census-related work to the direction of the commissioner of labor. Congress passed another act on March 2, 1895, effectively abolishing the U.S. Census Office and transferring the remaining responsibilities to the Office of the Secretary of the Interior.
Congress limited the Census of 1900 to content related to population, mortality, agriculture, and manufacturing. Special census agents were authorized to collect statistics related to incidents of deafness, blindness, insanity, and juvenile delinquency; as well as data on religious bodies, utilities, mining, and transportation. The act authorizing the 1900 Census designated the enumeration of military personally to the U.S. Department of War and the U.S. Department of the Navy, while Indiana Territory was to be enumerated by the commissioner of Indian Affairs. Annexed in 1898, Hawaii was included in the census for the first time. In 1902, the U.S. Census Office was officially established as a permanent organization within the U.S. Department of the Interior. The office became the U.S. Census Bureau in 1903 and was transferred to the Department of Commerce and Labor.
The Census of 1910 was approved by legislation introduced in December of 1907 and enacted in July of 1909. The delay was the result of a disagreement over the appointment of enumerators. President Theodore Roosevelt supported the hiring of enumerators via the civil service system, while Congress supported enumerators as positions of patronage. President Roosevelt successfully won the debate. This census act also changed Census Day from the traditional date of June 1st to April 15th. Additional questions regarding the nationality and native language of foreign-born persons and their parents. Funds for the U.S. Census Bureau were also increased to expand the Census' permanent workforce and created several new full-time positions, including a geographer, a chief statistician, and an assistant director. The assistant director was to be appointed by the President and approved by the Senate, while all other census employees were hired on the basis of open, competitive examinations administered by the Civil Service Commission. Despite the use of automatic counting machinery, issues with the tabulation process persisted. Finally, with the United States' entrance into World War I in 1917, the U.S. Census Bureau became a source of even more valuable purpose: the Census was able to use population and economic data to report on the populations of draft-age men, as well as information regarding each state's industrial capabilities.
The Census of 1920 changed the date of Census Day from April 15th to January 1st, as requested by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, which argued that farmers' memories and harvest information would be more accurate on this day. The U.S. Census Bureau was also authorized to hire additional employees at its headquarters in Washington, D.C. and to create a special field force to collect census data. The legislation authorizing the 1920 Census also allowed for a census of manufacturing to be conducted in 1921, and for such a census to be repeated every two years thereafter, as opposed to the traditional five-year census cycle. Furthermore, a census of agriculture and livestock was to be conducted in 1925 and to be repeated every ten years thereafter. In addition, penalties for those who refused to supply information or those who supplied false information were strengthened. As a result of these changes, census of population, manufacturing, and agriculture and livestock became increasingly independent of one another.
The "usual place of abode", the location where residents regularly slept, instead of where they worked or were visiting, became the new basis for enumeration in the 1920 Census. Those with no permanent or regular residence were listed as residents of the location that they were enumerated at. Enumeration related to institutional inmates and dependent, defective, and delinquent classes were also modified. Unlike the previous census, the 1920 Census did not have inquires related to unemployment, to Union or Confederate Army or Navy service, to the number of children born, or to the length of time that a couple had been married. The Census of 1920, however, did include four additional questions: one regarding year of naturalization and three regarding native languages. Issues also arose as a result of changes in international boundaries following World War I, particularly for persons declaring birth or parental birth in Austria-Hungary, Germany, Russia, or Turkey. In response, enumerators were required to ask said persons for their province, state, or region of birth. Enumerators were not required to ask individuals how to spell their names, nor were respondents required to provide proof of various pieces of information. Race was determined by the enumerator's impressions.
The act authorizing the 1930 Census was approved on June 18, 1929, allowing for a census of population, agriculture, irrigation, draining, distribution, unemployment, and mining. For the first time, specific questions for inquiry were left to the discretion of the Director of the Census. The Census encompassed each state, as well as the District of Columbia, Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico. The Governors of Guam, American Samoa, the Virginia Islands, and the Panama Canal Zone were responsible for conducting censuses in their territory. Between the date that the census act was passed and Census Day (April 1st), the stock market crashed, plunging the entire country into the Great Depression. In response, there were public and academic requests for access to unemployment data collected in the 1930 Census; however, the U.S. Census Bureau was unable to meet this demands and the bureau was accused of present unreliable data. Congress required a special unemployment census for January 1931, which ultimately confirmed the severity of the economic crisis. Another unemployment census was conducted in 1937, as mandated by Congress. Because this special census was voluntary, it allowed the Census Bureau to experiment with statistical sampling. Only two percent of households received a special census questionnaire.
Congress authorized the 1940 Census in August 1939, providing the Director of the Census the additional authority to conduct a national census of housing in each state, the District of Columbia, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and Alaska. The housing census was conducted separately, though enumerators often collection housing information at the same time that they collected population information. The Census of 1940 was the first time that the U.S. Census Bureau used advanced statistical techniques. In particular, the census used probably sampling, which had only previously been tested in a trial census of unemployment conducted the Civil Works Administration during 1933-1934, in surveys of retail stores in the 1930s, and in an official sample survey of unemployment conducted amongst two percent of American households in 1937. Probability sampling allowed for the inclusion of additional demographic questions without increasing the burden on the collection process or on data processing. Moreover, sampling the U.S. Census Bureau was able to publish preliminary returns eight months before tabulations were completed. Likewise, the census increased its number of published tables, and also was able to complete data processing with higher quality and more efficiency. New census questions focused on employment, unemployment, internal migration, and incomes—reflecting on the concerns of the Great Depression, the country's housing stock, and the need for public housing programs.
The Census of 1950 encompassed every state, Alaska, Hawaii, American Samoa, the Panama Canal Zone, Guam, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and other small American territories. For the first time, the U.S. Census Bureau enumerate American living abroad to account for members of the U.S. Armed Forces, vessel crew members, and government employees residing in foreign countries. The U.S. Department of Defense, the U.S. Department of State, the U.S. Maritime Administration, and several other federal agencies were responsible for distributing and collecting census questionnaires in a cooperative effort. Persons living abroad for reasons other than what is listed above had their census information reported by families or neighbors residing in the United States, but such data was criticized as unreliable and were not published in official statistics. The 1950 Census also included a new survey on residential financing collected separately on a sample basis from owners of owner-occupied properties, rental properties, and mortgage lenders. The accuracy of the new census was increased by improved enumerator training, the use of detailed street maps for enumerators, the publication of "Missed Person" forms in local newspapers, and the designation of a specific night to conduct a special enumeration of transient individuals. Moreover, a post-enumeration survey was conducted to further verify the accuracy of the original enumeration. A sample of approximately 3,500 small areas was compared to the original census data to identify households that may have been omitted initially. Likewise, a sample of approximately 22,000 households were re-interviewed to identify persons omitted in the original enumeration count. Though not used for the 1950 Census, the UNIVersal Automatic Computer I (UNIVAC I), the first non-military computer, was used to tabulate some of the statistics for the 1954 census of economy. In August of 1954, Congress codified various census statutes, such as the Fifteenth Census Act of 1929, authorizing the decennial census and other census.
The Census of 1960 was the first to be mailed to respondents. The U.S. Postal Service delivered census questionnaires to households, the head of household was required to complete the questionnaire, and an enumerator was to pick it up. The enumeration process was divided into two stages: first, select data for each person and dwelling unit was collected; and second, more detailed economic and social data was collected from a sample of households and dwelling units. The census questionnaires for the second stage were hand-delivered by enumerators as they were collecting data from the first stage. Households receiving the second census questionnaire were to complete the form and mail it to their local census office. Twenty-five percent of the population was giving additional sample questions. Because of the increased use of sampling, less populated areas were prone to sampling variation; however, this did not significantly decrease the usefulness of census statistics gathered. Moreover, increased use of sampling reduced data processing costs. Additional questions included in the 1960 Census were related to places of works and means of transportation to work. By 1960, nearly all census data was processed using computers. The U.S. Census Bureau used a Film Optical Sensing Device for Input to Computer (FOSDIC) for the first time, thus decreasing the amount of time and money required for data input.
In 1966, the U.S. Census Bureau sought suggestions from advisory committees and from the public, resulting in numerous proposals for additional inquiries related to the scope and structure of the census, as well as in public interest for the publication of additional census data. Researchers also concluded that the 1950 Census and the 1960 Census had undercounted certain segments of the population. Moreover, they noted a growing distrust of government activity and increased resistance to responding to the census. Simultaneously, both the public and private sectors expressed need for accurate information. The U.S. Census Bureau decreased its number of questions from 66 to 23 in an effort to simplify its products. A register for densely populated areas was also created to ensure that all housing units were accounted for. A Spanish-language questionnaire was also enclosed with census questionnaires in areas with a significant amount of Spanish-speaking households. Additionally, a question on Hispanic origins or descent was asked independently from race, but only on a five-percent sample. Only five questions were given to all individuals: relationship to household head, sex, race, age, and marital status. Additional questions were asked in smaller sample groups. This was also the first census in which respondents of urban areas were asked to mail their forms to the Census Bureau, rather than to hold questionnaires for enumerators.
Address Coding Guides were used to assign census geographic codes to questionnaires. Counts, a series of computer tape files, were an additional innovation used to increase the accuracy of census data. Count 1 consisted of complete count data for block groups and/or enumeration districts. Count 2 contained census tracts and minor civil/census county divisions, while Count 3 consisted of census blocks. Counts 4-6 provided sample census data for geographic areas of various population sizes. The Census Bureau also produced six Public Use Microdata Sample files, each of which contained complete information for a sample of approximately two million people. Finally, the Census Bureau developed the Summary Tape Processing Center Program, which was a group of organizations, both public and private, that processed census data from computer tapes.
For the 1990 Census, the U.S. Census Bureau utilized extensive user consultation prior to enumeration in order to refine both long and short form census questionnaires. The short form consisted of 13 questions and was given to the entire population. The long form asked 45 questions and was given to a 20 percent sample. The long form included topics related to marital history, carpooling, residence, residential elevators, and energy usage. Unlike the 1980 Census, the new census eliminated questions regarding air conditioning, the number of bathrooms in a residence, and the type of heating equipment used. A vast advertising campaign was marketed to increase public awareness of the census via public television, radio, and print media. Like the previous census, the Census of 1990 made a special effort to enumerate groups that have historically been undercounted in previous censuses called "S-Night": individuals in homeless shelters, soup kitchens, bus and railway stations, and dormitories (enumerated separately in the 1980 Census on "M-Night"); and permanent residents in hotels and motels (enumerated separately in the 1980 Census on "T-Night"). Following legal issues filed in response to the 1980 Census regarding statistical readjustment of undercounted areas, the Census Bureau initiated a post-enumeration survey (PES), in which a contemporaneous survey of households would be conducted and compare to the census results from the official census. In a partial resolution of a 1989 lawsuit filed by New York plaintiffs, the U.S. Department of Commerce agreed to use the PES to produce population data that had been adjusted for the projected undercount and that said data would be judged against the unadjusted data by the Secretary of Commerce's Special Advisory Panel (SAP).
The Census of 1990 also introduced the U.S. to the Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing System (TIGER), which was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Census Bureau. TIGER used computerized representations of various map features to geographically code addresses into appropriate census geographic areas. It also produced different maps required for census data collection and tabulation. Five years earlier, the Census Bureau became the first government agency to publish information on CD-ROM. For the 1990 Census, the bureau made detailed census data, which had previously been only available to organizations with large mainframe computers, accessible to any individual with a personal computer. Census data was also available in print, on computer tape, and on microfiche. Using two online service vendors, DIALOG and CompuServe, the Census Bureau also published select census data online.
As with previous censuses, the 1990 Census undercounted the national population, and again, the African-American population had an estimated net undercount rate that was significantly higher than the rate for other races. In July of 1991, the Secretary of Commerce announced that he did not find evidence in favor of using adjusted counts compelling—despite SAP's split vote on the issue—and chose to use unadjusted totals for the official census results. In response, the New York plaintiffs resumed the lawsuit against the Department of Commerce. A federal district court divided in favor of the DOC in April of 1993. The U.S. Court of Appeals, however, rejected the previous court ruling and ordered that the case be reheard by the federal district court. In March of 1996, the U.S. Supreme Court finally ruled in favor of the Secretary of Commerce's decision to use the unadjusted census date, but did not rule on the legality or constitutionality of the use of statistical adjustment in producing apportionment counts.
For the 1990 Census, the U.S. Census Bureau utilized extensive user consultation prior to enumeration in order to refine both long and short form census questionnaires. The short form consisted of 13 questions and was given to the entire population. The long form asked 45 questions and was given to a 20 percent sample. The long form included topics related to marital history, carpooling, residence, residential elevators, and energy usage. Unlike the 1980 Census, the new census eliminated questions regarding air conditioning, the number of bathrooms in a residence, and the type of heating equipment used. A vast advertising campaign was marketed to increase public awareness of the census via public television, radio, and print media. Like the previous census, the Census of 1990 made a special effort to enumerate groups that have historically been undercounted in previous censuses called "S-Night": individuals in homeless shelters, soup kitchens, bus and railway stations, and dormitories (enumerated separately in the 1980 Census on "M-Night"); and permanent residents in hotels and motels (enumerated separately in the 1980 Census on "T-Night"). Following legal issues filed in response to the 1980 Census regarding statistical readjustment of undercounted areas, the Census Bureau initiated a post-enumeration survey (PES), in which a contemporaneous survey of households would be conducted and compare to the census results from the official census. In a partial resolution of a 1989 lawsuit filed by New York plaintiffs, the U.S. Department of Commerce agreed to use the PES to produce population data that had been adjusted for the projected undercount and that said data would be judged against the unadjusted data by the Secretary of Commerce's Special Advisory Panel (SAP).
The Census of 1990 also introduced the U.S. to the Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing System (TIGER), which was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Census Bureau. TIGER used computerized representations of various map features to geographically code addresses into appropriate census geographic areas. It also produced different maps required for census data collection and tabulation. Five years earlier, the Census Bureau became the first government agency to publish information on CD-ROM. For the 1990 Census, the bureau made detailed census data, which had previously been only available to organizations with large mainframe computers, accessible to any individual with a personal computer. Census data was also available in print, on computer tape, and on microfiche. Using two online service vendors, DIALOG and CompuServe, the Census Bureau also published select census data online.
As with previous censuses, the 1990 Census undercounted the national population, and again, the African-American population had an estimated net undercount rate that was significantly higher than the rate for other races. In July of 1991, the Secretary of Commerce announced that he did not find evidence in favor of using adjusted counts compelling—despite SAP's split vote on the issue—and chose to use unadjusted totals for the official census results. In response, the New York plaintiffs resumed the lawsuit against the Department of Commerce. A federal district court divided in favor of the DOC in April of 1993. The U.S. Court of Appeals, however, rejected the previous court ruling and ordered that the case be reheard by the federal district court. In March of 1996, the U.S. Supreme Court finally ruled in favor of the Secretary of Commerce's decision to use the unadjusted census date, but did not rule on the legality or constitutionality of the use of statistical adjustment in producing apportionment counts.
For the Census of 2000, the short form consisted of only seven questions, while the long form consisted of 52 questions and used for a 17 percent sample of the population. For the first time, race questions were not limited to a single category; rather, respondents were able to check multiple boxes. A new question related to grandparents as caregivers was also mandated by legislation passed in 1996. Disability questions were expanded to including hearing and vision impairments, as well as learning, memory, and concentration disabilities. The 2000 Census also eliminated questions related to children born, water sources, sewage disposal, and condominium status. In addition, the 2000 Census was the first in which the Internet was used as the principal medium for the dissemination of census information. Summary Files were available for download immediately upon release and individual tables could be viewed via American FactFinder, the Census Bureau's online database. Files were also available for purchase on CD-Rom and DVD.
Due to declining questionnaire mail-back rates, the U.S. Census Bureau marketed a $167 million national and local print, television, and public advertising campaign in 17 different languages. The campaign successfully brought the mail-back rate up to 67 percent. Additionally, respondents receiving the short form were given the option of responding via the Internet. Telephone questionnaire assistance centers available in 6 languages also took responses via the phone. Statistical sampling techniques were utilized in two ways: first, to alter the traditional 100 percent personal visit of non-responding households during the non-response follow-up (NRFU) process by instead following up on a smaller sample basis; second, the sampling of 750,000 housing units matched to housing unit questionnaires obtained from mail and telephone responses, as well as from personal visits. The goal of the latter was to develop adjustment factors for individuals estimated to have been missed or duplicated and to correct the census counts to produce one set of numbers. This "one-number census" would correct for net coverage errors called Integrated Coverage Measurement (ICM). Both of these measures were taken in an attempt to avoid repetition of the litigation costs generated by the 1980 Census and the 1990 Census. Despite these efforts, two lawsuits—one filed by the U.S. House of Representatives—were filed in February 1998 challenging the constitutionality and legality of the planned uses of sampling to produce apportionment counts. Both cases were decided in favor of the plaintiffs in federal district courts, but the U.S. Department of Commerce made appeals to the U.S. Supreme Court. Known as the U.S. Department of Commerce v. the U.S. House of Representatives, the Court ruled that the Census Bureau's plans to use statistical sampling for purposes of congressional apportionments violated the Census Act. The bureau revised its plan, stating that it would produce statistically adjusted data for non-apportionment uses of census data information, such as redistricting. However, in March of 2001, the Census Bureau recommended against the use of adjusted census data for redistricting due to accuracy concerns; the Secretary of Commerce determined that the unadjusted data would be released as the bureau's official redistricting data. The Director of the Census Bureau also rejected to the use of adjusted data for non-redistricting purposes in October of that same year.
Language
eng
Type
Collection
Coverage
Mosquito County, Florida
Brevard County, Florida
Flagler County, Florida
Lake County, Florida
Marion County, Florida
Orange County, Florida
Osceola County, Florida
Seminole County, Florida
Volusia County, Florida
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Contributor
Gibson, Ella
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>.
Rights Holder
<span>This resource is not subject to copyright in the United States and there are no copyright restrictions on reproduction, derivative works, distribution, performance, or display of the work. Anyone may, without restriction under U.S. copyright laws:</span>
<ul class="one_column_bullet"><li>reproduce the work in print or digital form</li>
<li>create derivative works</li>
<li>perform the work publicly</li>
<li>display the work</li>
<li>distribute copies or digitally transfer the work to the public by sale or other transfer of ownership, or by rental, lease, or lending.</li>
</ul><span>This resources is provided here by </span><a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a><span> for educational purposes only. For more information on copyright, please refer to </span><a href="http://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap1.html#105" target="_blank">Section 5</a><span> of </span><a href="http://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap1.html" target="_blank">Copyright Law of the United States of America and Related Laws Contained in Title 17 of the United States Code</a><span>.</span>
Source Repository
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>
External Reference
<span>United States. <a href="https://www.census.gov/history/pdf/wright-hunt.pdf" target="_blank"><em>Historical Statistics of the United States: Colonial Times to 1970</em></a></span><span>. Washington: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 1975. https://www.census.gov/history/pdf/histstats-colonial-1970.pdf.</span>
<span>United States, and Carroll D. Wright. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/166662" target="_blank"><em>The History and Growth of the United States Census</em></a></span><span>. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1900. https://www.census.gov/history/pdf/wright-hunt.pdf.</span>
"<a href="https://www.census.gov/history/www/through_the_decades/" target="_blank">Through the Decades</a>." United States Census Bureau, United States Department of Commerce. https://www.census.gov/history/www/through_the_decades/.
Document
A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.
Original Format
1 table
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
U.S. Census for Central Florida, 1960
Alternative Title
Census, 1960
Subject
Census--United States
Orange County (Fla.)
Marion County (Fla.)
Brevard County (Fla.)
St. Lucie County (Fla.)
Seminole County (Fla.)
Volusia County (Fla.)
Flagler County (Fla.)
Lake County (Fla.)
Osceola County (Fla.)
Population--United States
Description
The Eighteenth United States Census records for Brevard County, Flagler County, Lake County, Marion County, Orange County, Osceola County, Seminole County, and Volusia County, Florida, for 1960. The census divides the population by gender, race ("white", "black", "Japanese", "Chinese", "Filipino", and "other"), and native-born vs. foreign-born. Those who are foreign born are further divided by country of origin. The census then lists the population categorized by age, military service, transportation use, primary and secondary school attendance, and college attendance. The census also collected information on labor and on unemployment.<br /><br />The Census of 1960 was the first to be mailed to respondents. The U.S. Post Office Department delivered census questionnaires to households, the head of household was required to complete the questionnaire, and an enumerator was to pick it up. The enumeration process was divided into two stages: first, select data for each person and dwelling unit was collected; and second, more detailed economic and social data was collected from a sample of households and dwelling units. The census questionnaires for the second stage were hand-delivered by enumerators as they were collecting data from the first stage. Households receiving the second census questionnaire were to complete the form and mail it to their local census office. Twenty-five percent of the population was giving additional sample questions. Because of the increased use of sampling, less populated areas were prone to sampling variation; however, this did not significantly decrease the usefulness of census statistics gathered. Moreover, increased use of sampling reduced data processing costs. Additional questions included in the 1960 Census were related to places of work and means of transportation to work. By 1960, nearly all census data was processed using computers. The U.S. Census Bureau used a Film Optical Sensing Device for Input to Computer (FOSDIC) for the first time, thus decreasing the amount of time and money required for data input.
Type
Dataset
Source
Original census data collected by the <a href="http://www.census.gov/" target="_blank">U.S. Census Bureau</a>, 1960.
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/104" target="_blank">U.S. Census Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida.
Is Format Of
Digital reproduction of original census data collected by the <a href="http://www.census.gov/" target="_blank">U.S. Census Bureau</a>, 1960.
Coverage
Brevard County, Florida
Flagler County, Florida
Lake County, Florida
Marion County, Florida
Orange County, Florida
Osceola County, Florida
Seminole County, Florida
Volusia County, Florida
Creator
<a href="http://www.census.gov/" target="_blank">U.S. Census Bureau</a>
Publisher
<a href="http://www.commerce.gov/" target="_blank">U.S. Department of Commerce</a>
Contributor
Gibson, Ella
Date Created
ca. 1960-04-01
Format
image/jpg
Extent
1.75 MB
Medium
1 table
Language
eng
Mediator
History Teacher
Economics Teacher
Civics/Government Teacher
Geography Teacher
Provenance
Originally collected by the <a href="http://www.census.gov/" target="_blank">U.S. Census Bureau</a> and published by the <a href="http://www.commerce.gov/" target="_blank">U.S. Department of Commerce</a>.
Rights Holder
This resource is not subject to copyright in the United States and there are no copyright restrictions on reproduction, derivative works, distribution, performance, or display of the work. Anyone may, without restriction under U.S. copyright laws:
<ul class="one_column_bullet"><li>reproduce the work in print or digital form;</li>
<li>create derivative works;</li>
<li>perform the work publicly;</li>
<li>display the work;</li>
<li>distribute copies or digitally transfer the work to the public by sale or other transfer of ownership, or by rental, lease, or lending.</li>
</ul>
This resources is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. For more information on copyright, please refer to <a href="http://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap1.html#105" target="_blank">Section 5</a> of <a href="http://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap1.html" target="_blank">Copyright Law of the United States of America and Related Laws Contained in Title 17 of the United States Code</a>.
Accrual Method
Item Creation
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>
External Reference
"<a href="https://www.census.gov/history/www/through_the_decades/overview/1960.html" target="_blank">1960 Overview</a>." U.S. Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov/history/www/through_the_decades/overview/1960.html.
United States. <a href="https://www.census.gov/history/pdf/wright-hunt.pdf" target="_blank"><em>Historical Statistics of the United States: Colonial Times to 1970</em></a>. Washington: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 1975. https://www.census.gov/history/pdf/histstats-colonial-1970.pdf.
United States, and Carroll D. Wright. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/166662" target="_blank"><em>The History and Growth of the United States Census</em></a>. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1970. https://www.census.gov/history/pdf/wright-hunt.pdf.
U.S. Bureau of the Census. <a href="http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1960/proceduralHistory/1960proceduralhistory.zip" target="_blank"><em>1960 Censuses of Population and Housing: Procedural History</em></a>. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1966.
Transcript
U.S. Census of 1960
Population
Brevard County Flagler County Lake County Marion County Orange County Osceola County Seminole County Volusia County
Population Total 111,435 4,566 57,383 51,616 263,540 19,029 54,947 125,319
Males 56,724 2,297 28,893 24,940 129,843 9,237 27,495 59,635
Females 54,711 2,269 28,490 26,676 133,697 9,792 27,452 65,684
White Population Total 98,909 2,826 46,209 33,586 224,105 17,021 41,373 104,177
Males 50,286 1,406 22,691 16,535 109,757 8,239 20,900 49,530
Females 48,623 1,420 23,518 17,051 114,348 8,782 20,473 54,647
Black Population Total 12,334 1,733 11,122 18,001 39,088 1,977 13,500 21,048
Males 6,348 887 6,173 8,392 19,924 982 6,559 10,053
Females 5,986 846 4,949 9,609 19,164 995 6,941 10,995
Indian Population Total 78 2 34 16 89 21 3 24
Males 49 1 18 7 46 11 2 13
Females 29 1 16 9 43 10 1 11
Japanese Population Total 52 0 6 8 102 4 34 13
Males 11 0 2 2 42 2 14 5
Females 41 0 4 6 60 2 20 8
Chinese Population Total 14 0 0 0 60 0 0 19
Males 10 0 0 0 25 0 0 14
Females 4 0 0 0 35 0 0 5
Filipino Population Total 13 4 0 0 35 4 15 6
Males 5 2 0 0 14 2 9 3
Females 8 2 0 0 21 2 6 3
Other Race Population Total 35 1 12 5 61 2 22 32
Males 15 1 9 4 35 1 11 17
Females 20 0 3 1 26 1 11 15
Native-Born Population Total 11,374 N/A 5,825 2,751 27,317 2,065 4,391 20,186
Foreign-Born Population Total 100,061 N/A 51,558 48,865 236,223 16,964 50,556 105,133
Foreign-Born Population by Country of Origin United Kingdom 1,810 N/A 924 314 4,390 434 728 4,106
Irish Free State 414 N/A 171 97 845 96 113 1,010
Norway 164 N/A 113 20 444 34 59 290
Sweden 440 N/A 274 110 984 114 168 883
Denmark 158 N/A 75 33 321 28 66 259
Netherlands 147 N/A 77 32 381 26 74 253
Switzerland 103 N/A 87 52 287 29 48 215
France 295 N/A 109 83 543 63 78 430
Germany 1,969 N/A 981 516 4,214 460 737 3,566
Poland 433 N/A 157 390 1,125 58 183 634
Czechoslovakia 392 N/A 109 27 632 18 217 256
Austria 297 N/A 86 102 721 40 104 604
Hungary 197 N/A 74 48 577 33 70 415
Yugoslavia 73 N/A 31 21 222 28 31 201
USSR 275 N/A 77 63 931 13 98 555
Lithuania 118 N/A 12 61 154 4 30 120
Finland 88 N/A 55 4 166 9 66 129
Rumania 29 N/A 11 4 151 4 12 92
Greece 135 N/A 28 36 221 4 71 216
Italy 983 N/A 264 149 1,814 70 299 1,178
Portugal 57 N/A 4 4 43 0 12 74
Other European Countries 181 N/A 50 52 382 8 83 318
Asia 217 N/A 21 46 726 7 70 279
Canada 1,583 N/A 665 365 4,087 400 665 3,147
Mexico 46 N/A 26 0 167 4 4 33
Other North American Countries 533 N/A 1,194 79 2,115 61 139 508
Other 163 N/A 33 27 185 4 95 81
Unknown 74 N/A 117 16 489 16 71 334
Male Population by Marital Status Single 7,306 322 4,528 3,726 18,536 1,120 3,924 7,981
Married 28,357 1,125 15,250 11,960 66,364 5,148 13,327 33,219
Married, but Separated 587 76 372 545 1,967 108 491 990
Widowed 914 64 965 780 2,772 419 650 2,397
Divorced 960 36 448 444 2,189 177 345 1,230
Female Population by Marital Status Single 4,355 242 2,825 3,199 13,670 850 2,501 7,463
Married 28,245 1,072 14,909 1,304 66,413 5,155 12,350 33,699
Married, but Separated 664 52 371 781 2,394 135 656 1,357
Widowed 2,924 165 2,947 2,871 11,093 1,275 2,128 8,398
Divorced 1,017 28 494 584 3,038 178 442 1,974
Veteran Population by War or Conflict Total 178,181 491 6,962 5,615 35,621 2,555 6,478 18,002
Korean War 3,987 28 863 820 6,248 294 954 2,274
Korean War and World War II 1,529 32 233 204 2,485 136 454 605
World War II 9,091 293 3,420 3,068 18,672 1,105 3,488 8,857
World War I 1,389 33 1,552 832 4,014 611 800 4,269
Other Services 1,822 105 894 691 4,202 409 782 1,997
Population by Work Transportation Method Private Automobile 33,840 1,038 13,369 12,143 73,302 3,999 14,640 28,467
Railroad or Subway 17 N/A 13 4 13 N/A 8 70
Bus or Streetcar 542 18 71 64 4,505 42 70 1,510
Walking 3,022 144 1,859 2,081 7,529 617 1,689 4,002
Other Means 1,543 224 1,785 1,655 5,327 328 1,464 2,295
Working from Home 816 113 526 1,112 2,384 338 518 2,120
Not Reported 1,541 109 819 571 3,701 325 439 2085
Education
Brevard County Flagler County Lake County Marion County Orange County Osceola County Seminole County Volusia County
Population by School Enrollment Kindergarten 944 9 232 268 1,252 21 275 571
Public Kindergarten 317 5 129 111 558 11 172 370
Elementary (1-8 Years) 18,421 789 8,805 9,288 42,850 2,771 9,801 16,565
Public Elementary (1-8 Years) 17,139 785 8,708 9,078 40,071 2,739 9,026 15,728
High School (1-4 Years) 5,195 125 2,846 3,179 13,018 865 2,782 6,484
Public High School (1-4 Years) 5,005 125 2,755 3,155 12,091 850 2,528 6,204
College 494 16 111 402 1,936 25 162 2,412
Male Population by School Completion No School Completed 342 60 333 617 1,073 137 453 520
1-4 Years of Elementary School 1,583 251 1,808 2,008 5,133 476 1,402 2,372
5-6 Years of Elementary School 1,510 71 2,008 1,331 5,362 619 1,136 2,490
7 Years of Elementary School 1,262 86 1,164 822 3,617 548 750 2,035
8 Years of Elementary School 3,572 194 2,589 1,990 9,061 1,141 1,686 6,482
1-3 Years of High School 5,463 218 3,274 2,291 13,015 1,120 2,503 6,953
4 Years of High School 7,911 242 3,094 2,318 16,949 1,002 3,277 8,929
1-3 Years of College 3,804 56 1,236 898 8,107 366 1,519 3,681
4 Years of College 4,353 29 1,556 868 8,213 332 1,153 3,972
Female Population by School Completion No School Completed 180 30 179 378 742 79 224 384
1-4 Years of Elementary School 946 196 910 1,575 3,201 308 1,019 1,920
5-6 Years of Elementary School 1,439 112 1,569 1,413 4,499 441 1,157 2,243
7 Years of Elementary School 1,355 85 952 1,057 3,396 398 847 1,850
8 Years of Elementary School 3,199 158 2,613 1,894 9,234 1,370 1,645 6,566
1-3 Years of High School 5,829 270 3,615 3,237 15,859 1,496 3,306 9,149
4 Years of High School 10,140 277 4,317 3,353 23,559 1,449 4,282 13,131
1-3 Years of College 3,423 70 1,892 1,173 8,443 475 1,386 486
4 Years of College 2,047 25 1,249 815 5,536 307 830 3,404
Labor
Brevard County Flagler County Lake County Marion County Orange County Osceola County Seminole County Volusia County
Male Population in Labor Force Total 31,421 1,243 14,506 12,168 70,773 4,158 14,005 27,526
Civilian Labor Force 28,918 1,243 14,482 12,148 64,546 4,041 11,892 27,425
Armed Forces 2,505 N/A 24 20 6,227 117 2,113 101
Employed 27,957 1,208 13,391 11,662 61,565 3,901 11,232 26,188
Unemployed 961 35 1,091 486 2,981 140 660 1,237
Not in Labor Force 6,257 305 6,683 4,742 19,083 2,706 4,241 17,261
Female Population in Labor Force Total 12,608 499 6,105 6,840 33,714 1,965 6,458 16,457
Employed 11,865 473 5,689 6,411 31,725 1,867 6,127 15,474
Unemployed 727 26 414 429 1,881 98 331 979
Not in Labor Force 23,981 1,008 15,074 12,118 60,497 5,493 12,143 35,117
Employment by Industry Agriculture 1,118 299 3,913 2,400 6,685 626 2,216 1,591
Forestry and Fishery 74 55 46 97 31 27 69 129
Mining 28 9 29 214 54 5 4 21
Construction 4,223 109 1,912 1,542 9,669 783 2,139 4,502
Manufacturing 9,782 367 1,714 1,889 15,701 808 1,976 3,860
Furniture, Lumber, and Wood Products Manufacturing 100 147 235 689 500 217 126 401
Primary Metal Manufacturing 12 N/A 7 N/A 52 4 N/A 53
Fabricated Metal 3,570 N/A 146 56 6,987 266 522 235
Machinery, Except Electrical, Manufacturing 339 4 61 19 570 17 69 199
Electrical Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing 4,141 5 25 49 896 24 146 283
Motor Vehicle Manufacturing 16 N/A 4 12 68 18 4 34
Transportation Equipment, Except Motor Vehicle, Manufacturing 582 N/A 71 74 224 33 51 247
Durable Goods Manufacturing 228 200 294 92 890 47 220 857
Food and Kindred Products Manufacturing 402 N/A 625 524 3,379 74 308 553
Textile Mill Manufacturing 12 N/A 4 5 47 N/A 8 17
Apparel Manufacturing 36 N/A 8 124 195 N/A 154 190
Printing and Publishing 242 11 100 179 1,060 65 244 638
Chemical 35 N/A 102 36 475 22 88 49
Other Non-Durable Goods Manufacturing 67 N/A 31 30 358 21 36 104
Railroad and Railways Services 102 15 106 214 180 39 351 603
Trucking Services and Warehouse 191 36 139 180 1,118 50 242 261
Other Transportation 288 4 110 116 633 47 126 307
Communication 447 N/A 247 228 1,576 28 260 609
Utilities and Sanitary Services 515 18 157 218 1,231 93 327 764
Wholesale and Trade 702 51 1,315 597 4,605 187 706 1,030
Food and Dairy Product 930 50 587 568 2,505 194 349 1,382
Eating and Drinking Establishments 1,397 85 619 915 2,622 213 446 2,121
Other Retail Services 3,345 118 2,213 2,326 10,799 640 1,988 5,783
Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate 1,134 41 675 638 5,258 183 855 1,969
Business Services 3,603 N/A 156 112 1,345 20 157 601
Repair Services 379 14 282 235 1,574 61 297 797
Private Households 1,661 62 936 1,189 4,803 358 986 2,496
Other Personal Services 1,394 94 670 896 3,519 262 635 3,329
Entertainment and Recreation Service 238 4 96 234 922 34 232 647
Hospital 350 29 298 224 1,866 103 270 749
Education Services with the Government 1,306 41 644 826 2,581 257 542 1,431
Education Services with the Private Sector 358 9 134 80 1,115 28 202 911
Welfare and Non-Profit Organizations 295 13 331 210 1,248 85 177 584
Other Professional Services 871 17 439 364 3,184 104 396 1,332
Public Administration 3,322 40 594 827 4,317 237 870 1,707
Industry Not Reported 1,769 101 716 734 4,147 298 541 2,146
Male Population by Employment Technical and Kindred Workers 6,078 61 820 744 7,109 283 956 387
Engineers and Technical Workers 2,107 5 70 65 2,045 39 149 273
Medical and Other Health-Related Salaried Workers 52 N/A 56 38 278 14 32 109
Medical and Other Health-Related Self-Employed Workers 136 N/A 63 54 424 24 48 169
Teachers 251 4 149 133 414 52 139 259
Farmers and Farm Managers 159 53 462 660 663 132 257 348
Managers and Official Workers 3,934 172 1,970 1,788 9,023 490 1,708 4,711
Managers and Official Salaried Workers 2,467 89 1,054 902 5,362 267 944 2,296
Self-Employed Retail Trade Workers 541 45 363 370 1,360 99 304 920
Other Retail Workers 926 38 553 516 2,301 124 460 1,495
Clerical and Kindred Workers 1,894 30 472 487 3,741 171 581 1,226
Sales Workers 1,004 31 757 754 5,234 169 836 2,238
Retail Sales Workers 455 24 375 346 1,930 96 370 983
Sales Other Than Retail Workers 549 7 382 408 3,304 73 466 1,255
Craftsmen and Foremen 6,668 223 2,355 2,019 12,301 868 2,571 5,839
Construction Craftsmen 2,689 73 1,052 854 4,846 448 1,159 2,560
Foremen 841 26 308 191 1,487 79 241 457
Mechanics and Repair Men 1,837 88 644 577 2,949 180 600 1,538
Metal Craftsmen 295 13 53 66 630 49 52 214
Other Craftsmen 1,006 23 278 331 2,389 112 519 1,070
Operative Workers 2,744 196 1,967 2,047 8,192 595 1,537 2,969
Drivers and Deliverymen Workers 976 94 923 870 3,668 288 656 1,289
Private Household Workers 44 N/A 30 39 157 7 11 87
Service Workers 1,543 47 476 609 2,993 205 427 1,942
Protective Services Workers 531 14 148 144 659 61 132 497
Waiters, Bartenders, and Cooks 255 4 114 115 500 16 76 483
Other Service Workers 757 29 214 350 1,834 128 219 962
Farm Laborer and Farm Foremen 468 144 2,384 937 3,734 311 983 615
Laborers, Except Farm and Mine 1,802 185 1,160 1,095 5,175 440 966 2,212
Construction Laborers 713 24 313 271 1,775 172 401 713
Manufacturing Laborers 96 73 170 284 515 105 88 190
Other Industry Laborers 993 88 677 540 2,885 163 477 1,309
Occupation Not Reported 1,619 66 558 483 3,243 230 399 1,614
Female Population by Employment Technical and Kindred Workers 1,495 37 685 693 3,940 241 667 1,883
Medical and Other Health-Related Salaried Workers 245 8 197 111 981 46 152 471
Medical and Other Health-Related Self-Employed Workers 24 N/A 28 4 230 21 12 71
Teachers 690 20 321 326 1,533 112 308 672
Farmers and Farm Managers 12 N/A 37 49 61 16 16 44
Managers and Official Workers 816 41 401 426 1,473 95 344 1,209
Managers and Official Salaried Workers 438 33 165 204 898 44 201 512
Self-Employed Retail Trade Workers 210 8 151 121 322 21 96 318
Self-Employed Other Than Retail Manager Workers 168 N/A 85 101 253 30 47 379
Clerical and Kindred Workers 4,022 54 1,267 1,189 9,493 309 1,468 3,468
Secretaries, Stenographers, and Typists 1,805 4 337 365 3,525 98 515 1,057
Other Clerical Workers 2,217 50 930 824 5,968 211 953 2,411
Sales Workers 818 27 467 517 2,371 141 419 1,396
Retail Sales Workers 678 22 409 455 1,931 126 334 1,191
Sales Other Than Retail Workers 140 5 58 62 440 15 85 205
Craftsmen and Foremen 97 N/A 16 54 294 27 41 145
Private Household Workers 1,481 52 765 1,606 4,064 305 911 2,019
Service Workers 1,665 118 878 1,195 4,376 439 728 3,097
Waiters, Bartenders, and Cooks 902 45 375 571 1,763 220 323 1,268
Other Service Workers 761 73 503 624 2,613 219 405 1,829
Farm Laborer and Farm Foremen 21 48 277 306 772 25 619 174
Laborers 43 25 64 152 11 64 52
Occupation Not Reported 691 47 274 399 1,778 124 263 943
African Americans
agriculture
Amerindians
Anglo Americans
apparel
Armed Forces
Asian Americans
Austrian Americans
automobiles
bars
bartenders
Brevard County
British Americans
bus
buses
business services
Canadian Americans
cars
Caucasian Americans
census
Census of 1960
Central Americans
chemical
Chinese Americans
civilian labor
clerical
college education
communication
construction
cooks
crafts
craftsman
craftsmen
Czech Americans
Czechoslovakian Americans
dairy
Danish Americans
deliverymen
deliverywomen
divorced
domestic services
drinking establishments
drivers
durable goods
Dutch Americans
eating establishments
education
educations
electrical equipment
electrical machinery
elementary education
employees
engineers
English Americans
entertainment
European Americans
fabricated metal
farm managers
farmers
females
Filipino Americans
finance
Finnish Americans
fishery
Flagler County
food
food products
foreman
foremen
forestry
forewoman
forewomen
French Americans
furniture
German Americans
government
Greek Americans
health care
high school education
Hispanic Americans
hospitals
Hungarian Americans
immigrants
immigration
Indians
insurance
Irish Americans
Italian Americans
Japanese Americans
kindergarten
kindred products
Korean War
labor
labor force
laborers
Lake County
Latin Americans
Latinas
Latinos
Lithuanian Americans
lumber
machinery
males
managers
manufacturing
Marion County
marital status
married
mechanics
medical
Mexican Americans
mining
motor vehicles
Native Americans
non-durable goods
non-profit organizations
North Americans
Norwegian Americans
officials
operative
orange county
Osceola County
pedestrians
personal services
Polish Americans
population
Portuguese Americans
primary education
primary metal
printing
professionals
protective services
public administration
public education
public transportation
publishing
railroad services
railroads
railway services
real estate
recreation
repair
restaurants
retail
Romanian Americans
Russian Americans
salaried
sales
sanitary services
Scandinavian Americans
schools
secondary education
self-employed
Seminole County
separated
single
Slovakian Americans
Soviet Americans
streetcars
subways
Swedish Americans
Swiss Americans
teachers
technicak
technicians
textile mills
trade
transportation
transportation equipment
trucking services
U.S. Census
unemployment
university education
utilities
veterans
Volusia County
waiters
waitresses
walking
warehouses
warehousing
welfare
wholesale
widowed
wood products
workers
World War I
World War II
WWI
WWII
Yugoslavian Americans