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https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/378c547cb1fb19da8e25aae19aee243c.pdf
ad6257c6761caa408a17dd2d1b226d92
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Hannibal Square Collection
Oral History
A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Oral Memoirs of Fairolyn Livingston
Alternative Title
Oral History, Fairolyn Livingston
Subject
Winter Park (Fla.)
African Americans--Florida
Museums--Florida
Civil rights--Florida
Description
An oral history interview of Fairolyn H. Livingston, chief historian of the Hannibal Square Heritage Center in Winter Park, Florida. The interview was conducted by Geoffrey Cravero at the Hannibal Square Heritage Center on December 12, 2019. Some of the topics covered include growing up in a segregated community, finding the resources to attend college, becoming involved in the Hannibal Square Heritage Center and documenting the community’s history, why residents attended churches of multiple denominations, conducting difficult interviews and how those who have experienced oppression have refused to allow it to define them, how gentrification has affected sense of community, changes in the community since de-segregation and gentrification, the challenges of preserving a marginalized community’s history and coming to terms with the long-lasting effects of segregation, how government policies encourage gentrification and her final remarks.
Table Of Contents
0:00:00 Growing up in a segregated community <br />0:04:54 Finding the resources to attend college <br />0:12:34 Becoming involved in the Hannibal Square Heritage Center and documenting the community’s history <br />0:23:54 Why residents attended churches of multiple denominations <br />0:27:35 Conducting difficult interviews and how those who have experienced oppression have refused to allow it to define them <br />0:27:35 Conducting difficult interviews and how those who have experienced oppression have refused to allow it to define them <br />0:35:30 Changes in the community since de-segregation and gentrification, the challenges of preserving a marginalized community’s history and coming to terms with the long-lasting effects of segregation <br />1:02:05 How government policies encourage gentrification and her final remarks
Abstract
Oral history interview of Fairolyn Livingston. Interview conducted by Geoffrey Cravero in Winter Park, Florida, on December 12, 2019.
Type
Moving Image
Source
Livingston, Fairolyn. Interviewed by Geoffrey Cravero, December 12, 2019. Audio record available. <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>, Orlando, Florida.
Requires
Multimedia software, such as <a href="http://www.apple.com/quicktime/download/" target="_blank"> QuickTime</a>.
<a href="http://www.adobe.com/products/reader.html" target="_blank">Adobe Acrobat Reader</a>
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/collections/show/221" target="_blank">Hannibal Square Collection</a>, Winter Park Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES.
Has Format
Digital transcript of original 1-hour, 6-minute, and 43-seconds oral history: Livingston, Fairolyn. Interviewed by Geoffrey Cravero. Audio record available. <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>, Orlando, Florida.
Coverage
Crealdé School of Art, Winter Park, Florida
The Golden Point, Winter Park, Florida
Hannibal Square, Winter Park, Florida
Hannibal Square Heritage Center, Winter Park, Florida
Mount Moriah Missionary Baptist Church, Winter Park, Florida
Robert Hungerford Preparatory High School, Eatonville, Florida
Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida
Ward Chapel African Methodist Episcopal Church, Winter Park, Florida
Winter Park, Florida
Winter Park High School, Winter Park, Florida
Creator
Livingston, Fairolyn
Cravero, Geoffrey
Publisher
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>
Contributor
Lester, Connie
Date Created
2019-12-12
Date Copyrighted
2019-12-12
Format
video/mp4
application/pdf
Extent
1.61 GB
269 KB
Medium
1-hour, 6-minute, and 43-seconds video recording
21-page digital transcript
Language
eng
Mediator
History Teacher
Civics/Government Teacher
Humanities Teacher
Provenance
Originally created by Geoffrey Cravero and Fairolyn Livingston and published by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>.
Rights Holder
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>
Accrual Method
Item Creation
Curator
Cravero, Geoffrey
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
External Reference
Schreyer, Peter. <em><a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/961806111" target="_blank">The Hannibal Square Heritage Collection: Photographs and Oral Histories : Winter Park, Florida, USA.</a></em> 2016.
Norris, Jim, Claire Strom, Danielle Johnson, and Sydney Marshall. <em><a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1148874669" target="_blank">Winter Park</a></em>. Mount Pleasant: Arcadia Publishing Inc, 2015. .
Click to View (Movie, Podcast, or Website)
<a href="https://youtu.be/Jo08Owkgeps" target="_blank">Oral History of Fairolyn Livingston</a>
Transcript
Cravero
Alright. Today is Thursday, December 12th, 2019. My name is Geoffrey Cravero. And with me is Dr. Connie Lester. I’m speaking with Fairolyn Livingston at the Hannibal Square Heritage Center in Winter Park, Florida. Ms. Livingston, thank you for speaking with us today. Uh, if we can, let’s begin with a little of your biography. Could you tell us a bit about where you’re originally from and your upbringing?
Livingston
Well, I’m originally from Winter Park, Florida. I was born a block away from here at 800 West New England Avenue here in the city. In the area called Hannibal Square. I attended the local schools here. Of course, during my time, those school were segregated. And, uh, once we finished sixth grade here in the community, we were bussed to the segregated Hungerford High School over in Eatonville, Florida.
I attended the churches in the community. Participated in the activities at the community center that had been built for the African American community. Uh, I had a happy childhood. You know? Because—I would say because the community was segregated, and we lived among people who looked like us. So the preacher was—the preacher looked like me. The—the students in the churches looked like me. The teachers looked like me. So I can probably say that we might have been a little bit, uh, as children, unaware of segregation or racism. You know? Because that was the way it was. I’m sure our parents knew because ofttimes they would warn us about different things and different places. Uh, what we might face. Some harm or some harsh words. Or some ugly words. But, other than that, um, I would say I had a good childhood.
Cravero
Excellent. Um, would you tell us a little bit about your experiences at Hungerford High School, and then, eventually, at Rollins College? And how those experiences might have influenced your work.
Livingston
Well, at Hungerford High School, uh, we started at the seventh-grade level. And we went through, uh, twelfth grade. And I graduated in 1964. Teachers—they were good teachers. But they also made sure that we towed the line. You know? Because not only was it about academics, which was very strenuous, but also about your conduct and how you carried yourself. That was very important. So it didn’t matter what background you came from. Whether or not you was—you were middle class, uh, uh, any other class. You learned how to conduct yourself in any kind of situation.
You know? In our Home Economics classes, not only did we learn to sew and do homemaker-type things, but also how to serve and how to, uh, properly set tables. And—and use the, uh, eating utensils and all. So everything prepared us for the world that we would be entering. And that world would have been a world that was segregated. So w—we were treated, uh, and educated to survive in that type of world. In other words, we were somebody. We were knowledgeable. We could do anything we wanted to do. They always let us know that we could accomplish whatever we wanted to accomplish. So we never felt like we were hindered because of segregation or racism.
In fact, uh, Climmie Boyer, who was several years older than myself and a graduate from Hungerford, he once said in the seventies when we had a celebration to honor our former principal at the school, that we really didn’t know we were poor until they told us. You know? Until they started saying everything about poverty and—and low income. You know? We [laughs]—we didn’t know we were poor. So I guess that’s why some of us—well, many of us out of this community were able to overcome. Because we didn’t have that kind of a thing stuck into our heads by our educators.
After I graduated from high school, I didn’t think that I would be able to go to college because I was raised by my grandmother with three other siblings. And I was the oldest. And basically, I was like the matriarch of my siblings. Um, I got scholarship offers, but I knew that my family didn’t have the money to fill in the gap. So basically [clears throat], even though I desired to go, I had more or less, um, accepted the fact that it would not happen.
And then one Sunday, I was in church at New Hope Missionary Baptist Church on Capen Avenue. I was in the choir stand because I sang in the junior choir. And the usher came to the choir door and asked me to come out. That there was a gentleman there that wanted to talk to me. And so I left the choir stand and went around, uh, to the front of the church. And the gentleman was—was from a segregated community college in Leesburg, Florida. And, uh, he offered me a scholarship. You know? That I—that—that he had just, you know, studied my transcript and whatever.
Then I got an offer from a community college in Ocala, Florida. Hampton Junior College. That’s now Central Florida State College. And I accepted that one because they told me that they would, you know, find me some part-time work to fill in the gap between financial aid, et cetera.
Not knowing my—unknown to me, rather, my grandmother, Victoria Redfin, she went down to the First National Bank on Park Avenue and New England, where Luma’s on Park is now. And she went to the cashier at the—the teller. And she wanted to s—know if she could borrow some money to help send her granddaughter to college. And the teller told her to go over and talk to one of the ladies that handle loans. And so my grandmother went over there. And the lady told her, “Why don’t you go upstairs and talk to Mrs. Nancy Bradford?” Mrs. Nancy Bradford was a part of Winter Park’s Worthy Persons group, which now, I believe, is part of the Winter Park Foundation. So my grandmother went up to see Mrs. Bradford. And Mrs. Bradford, unbeknownst to me or my grandmother, started some paperwork with the people on the committee that included Mrs., uh, J. Lynn Pflug . Mrs. Pflug’s husband had once been the mayor of Winter Park. So Mrs. Pflug and others—they did the research. You know? Contacted my high school. Contacted the junior college where I was. And next thing I knew, I got a letter from them saying that they would be financing me for the school year. And, uh, for two years, I got that scholarship. Every two weeks without fail, I got a stipend, uh, from that group. So that’s how I ended up being able to go to—to college.
However, I got pregnant after I graduated and got my A.A. degree. And so my dreams of finishing a four-year college, you know, got backburnered. And, uh, it wasn’t until the late-seventies that I started going to evening classes at Rollins College. I had some financial aid, but mostly I paid for my own. And, um, I had worked for the State of Florida since about 1971, so I had a lot of savings bonds. It was toward the end of the journey. I started cashing in the savings bonds to pay for my tuition.
Well, it was my last session, and I was out of financial options, if you will. I had a friend of mine. She was from Dunedin, Florida. Her, uh, parents owned a, uh—their own business. And they were avid golfers. And they were supportive of, uh, what used to be the tournament at Rio Pinar, and then subsequently at Bay Hill. Her father always participated and contributed to, uh, a scholarship fund led by Lee Elder . Lee Elder was a black golfer. And so I guess she must have shared with him my story because she invited me and my children over to her parents. And we’d visit them off and on over the years. And her father said to me—she and her parents—both her parents were there. She said, “You know, every year, we donate money to Lee Elder’s scholarship fund. And we have no doubt that Lee does the right thing with that money. But we have decided that, since we know someone who can use that money, we’re gonna divert that money to you.” And that’s how I was able to graduate from Rollins Hamilton Holt in 1983.
So I come from a situation of “it takes a village.” You know? Whoever I am, whatever I am, it come from this community. And that was sewn into me. Basically, I’d say it’s in my DNA. And because of the way I conduct myself. I’ll never forget the bridge that brought me over. That draws people to me. And people willing to be there with—with and—and for me. And for that, I’m eternally grateful. So that’s how I got from not being able to go into college and thinking that to actually finishing up with an A.A. degree and subsequentl—subsequently with a B.A. degree. So I’ve had a lot of, uh, blessings from on high. You know? It wasn’t that—it wasn’t Fairolyn. Because there’s a saying that, uh, “sometimes you find yourself in a place and you only see one set of footprints. And that’s because God carried you.” And sometimes when I got to a certain place, I’d wonder, “How did I get here?” You know? I just— I j[laughs]—it just—it’s just amazing. Just amazing.
Cravero
Um, what—can you tell us about, uh—what is the Heritage Collection Team and how did you become involved in that project?
Livingston
Well, around 1999, 2000, Peter Schreyer with the Crealdé School of Art here in Winter Park—he had been working in the community with the seniors and the children for a number of years. You know? Providing, uh, opportunities for art. For, you know, underserved people in the community. He had won, uh, a grant from the Winter Park Public Library. And this was in the nineties. And I had won the same grant a couple years later. His project was photographic. He photographed and—the interior and the exterior of all the local churches. My project was to find some way to document the early history of the community and the role that African Americans played in the community. You know? Because when you would go to different archives, you would see different people of color in the pictures, but they weren’t named. So we didn’t know who they were. They were just faceless. And they were mostly in subservient-type situations. When I knew growing up that that wasn’t all that the black people did.
So it’s kind of odd how it happened because I didn’t set out to—to get—to apply for that grant. A group of people in the community were trying to save the Ideal Woman’s Club building . That building had once been on the property and used by the First Congregational Church here in Winter Park. And when the Ideal Woman’s Club started in the late-1920s, one of the members, Mrs. Mary Lee DePugh —she worked for Mrs. Maud Kraft. And Mrs. Kraft interceded on behalf of the women to get the building. And then there was fundraising involved, uh, to buy a lot here on Pennsylvania Avenue. And to have the building moved.
Well, in the late-nineties, DePugh Nursing Home needed more space. And so, the board offered to buy or trade the land where the original building was placed to a site across the street. But the people in the community wanted the building saved. But they didn’t have the resources, nor the backing to make that happen. You know? There wasn’t enough interest citywide and there wasn’t any money communitywide to do that. You know? ‘Cause years later, Casa Feliz got moved. And then, the Capen House got moved. But that was private money, even though they moved, uh, Casa—uh, sorry—Casa Feliz to the golf course property, which is city-owned. That effort, it failed. And there were some members of the First Congregational Church who tried to work with us. To try and direct us to find some funds to move the building. To save it. But there were people that said—on the board and connected in the community—um, that said that the—that the building was, uh, termite-ridden and it wasn’t worth saving.
But someone, uh, had someone come down from the department that takes care of s—you know, that takes care of, uh, uh, preservation. And they said that the only part of the—of the building that was termite-ridden was the section that they had put on years later to close the porch in. See ‘cause there had been an open porch for years. And then they closed that porch in. And that was the part that was—had some termite problems. The rest of the place—uh, building was all this pine. And this was—was no damage. But, of course, we didn’t get the support needed. So, uh, the building was razed and a new building put up.
Long story short, I had been reading about this in the newspaper. I wasn’t living in Winer Park at the time. And it seemed like every time I picked up the paper, there was all of this negative about Hannibal Square. “Oh, the crime. And the drinking. And the brawling. And the drugs and stuff.” And I said, “That’s not where I grew up. I—W—What is this?” Yes. There’s always been people that did some of those things, but it wasn’t the whole community. You know? And they were just painting this community with this broad s—stroke as being such a terrible place to be. And that somebody needed to do something about it. Finally—and I saw about—that article in the Sentinel about, uh, razing the building and the [inaudible] of the community. And I said, “I’m gonna go to one of the meetings.” So I went to a meeting. I sat on the front row. The people who were con—who were conducting the meeting, I knew ‘em all ‘cause we all grew up together. So—but I didn’t want to get quote involved. You know? I just wanted to see what’s going on. So I sat there and I tried not to make eye contact. And I guess at some point, I must have relaxed. And I made eye contact with Eileen Abraham Bryant, who was part of the group that was trying to save it. And she mouthed to me, “We need you.” And I was hooked.
That led to me applying for a grant at the library—Winter Park Public Library. And I was—and I got that grant. It was hard at first. Trying to get information. Because [clears throat]—excuse me. Because people in the community—many were reluctant to talk about the past because they were afraid that a—in other words, they—they never said this to me, but I got the feeling that they were afraid that I might be digging up dirt. But when they began to see that I wasn’t digging up dirt, that I was trying to document the rich history of this community, most people got on board with that.
I remember as a child, my stepfather had an uncle. Frederick Simpson . Frederick—Frederick would travel all around the country. And then he would come home and stay for a few weeks. And then he’d disappear. He was in and out. And Fred would always talk about his father worked for the city. Or some kind of way involved with the city government. But, you know, as children, you know, you hear these stories. We really didn’t give much thought to it. And so that’s where I started digging to only find out that he was the son of one of the first African American men to serve on the Town Council of Winer Park. Elected in 1887 and served to 1893. And then I was able to find out that a young woman that basically was raised by the Simpson Family, that grew up in the community, that her great-grandfather was Frank R. Israel . The second black man to serve at the same time period on the Winter Park Town—Town Council. And so through, uh, the archives at the Winter Park Public Library, Rollins Library, Ancestry.com, cemeteries, interviews with many, many people, I was able to flesh out that criti—the critical roles the African American plays in the community.
One of my great sources—well, two of my great sources were Mrs. Wilhelmina Allen , whose family came here as early as 1875, and had property out across the railroad track on Pennsylvania Avenue. Then I had, uh, Mr. Alonzo Gerard Roberts , whose family came here around 1881, when Chase and a couple of his investors and supporters went over to Volusia County to where black men were working on the railroad to try to hire some black men to come and help hew out the community—the 600 acres he bought in, uh, Hannibal Square. Acres that he—‘cause he planned Hannibal Square specifically for an African American community. And so his grandfather was one of those men. And his grandfather also worked for Mr. Dommerich over in Maitland. And he owned property on the opposite side of Lake, uh—Lake Maitland. So he had groves. And then he would go across the lake and take care of the Dommerich groves. In fact, before they built their house at 1001 New York Avenue, which is now home to the First Baptist Church, he and his wife lived on the Dommerich property. Yeah.
So those two were very critical. Along with, uh, Mrs. Rose Charlton Bynum , whose family had been here since the early eight—1800s. Uh, well, around 1881, ‘82. And then, uh, her brother, Richard Harold Charlton Jr. So a lot of people I’ve interviewed, uh—Walter Simpson’s granddaughters. All of them are deceased now. But he has, uh, great, uh—great-grands and great-great-grands still living in—in the area. You know? So, um.
I wasn’t shocked. Because as a kid growing up, you know—you know, in my time of growing up, a lot of the churches didn’t have church every Sunday because the minister might have been, uh, assigned to a church here for two Sundays a month, and then somewhere else, and maybe in a rural area, for two Sundays a month. And so growing up, we all went—it didn’t matter whether or not we were Baptist. It didn’t matter whether or not we were African Methodist Episcopal. Whether or not we were members of Church of God and Christ or any denomination. We all went to the different churches. In fact, the first church/school building in the community that was built after the community was platted—because Chase donated our lot for a combination church and school. So as a result, uh, two Sundays a month, the Methodists would use the church. And then two Sunday a month, the Baptists would use the church.
It wasn’t until the town was actually incorporated in 1887, and later, that they actually took over the school for coloreds, as they called it at that time. And then the council gave the trustees of each church, the Methodists and the Baptists, money to buy other land and build their respective churches on that land. And that resulted in Mount Moriah Missionary Baptist Church, which is at the corner of Lyman and Pennsylvania Avenues, and Ward Chapel African Methodist Episcopal Church, at the corner of Welbourne and Pennsylvania Avenues. They were the first two churches established in the community. Mount Mariah being the oldest church.
And so as a kid, I would follow the Johnson children and the Berrys, my neighbors, down to Mount Moriah for Sunday school. Mrs. Ethel Cross, who was—lived on the same property as we did because the lot that my grandmother bought was 50 by about 100. And so she sold the back side of the lot to Mrs. Cross, who built a house. And so, uh, Mrs. Cross belonged to Ward Chapel AME Church. And so many Sundays, I went with her. And then Mr. Bobby Washington, whose sister-in-law lived across the street from us—he was the superintendent of the Sunday school at Ward Chapel. And many times, he would pick me up and take me to Sunday school at Ward Chapel.
So I was all over the place. And not—but not just me. That’s the way the community was. We all went to different churches other than our own churches. And I think that’s a part of, um, the success that we experienced. Uh, because we had so much exposure to different types of religions. Different types of services. Different types of people. They called, uh—I remember growing up, they called Mount Moriah “the big hat church” because the women wore big hats. You know? And, uh, it—it was—it was a—it was a good experience. You know? It was…
Cravero
Um [clears throat], could you tell us a little about, uh, some of the most memorable, or maybe even difficult, oral histories that you’ve conducted?
Livingston
I would say the most difficult would have been, um, the interviews I’ve done with the Sage Project. We’ve had, uh, three phrases—phases of the sage, where we interview people in the community ages 80 and up. And some of them—they really felt that the community had not been fairly represented and treated fairly in what was going on with gentrification. Some spoke on record. Some of them spoke off record. Some felt that, basically, members of the African American community were complicit in the gentrification. And by that, I mean that some of the later generations inherited property and opportunities. And did not stand up to the plate to do what they needed to do to hold onto it.
But for the most part, I would say all the stories were just funny. Uplifting. Sometimes we ended up just laughing. And, uh—and what made it so good was that I knew all these people because I grew up among them. I went to school with their children. And I had respect—not only respected them for—for—for decades. It’s—I would say I’ve never been disappointed in any interview I’ve done, no matter how it went. I just feel bad for those people who—especially any elderly person who ended up losing their property or not being, you know, um, fairly compensated I would say. But, um, for the most part, I understood and respected their stories. And, um, I don’t think that they were making ‘em up. They just was[sic] happy to share the happy parts of their lives rather than—you know, because it’s like Zora Neale Hurston said, “Believe it or not, these people, including myself, we didn’t—we didn’t live in the kitchen of despair.” You know? We had lives. You know? We valued our institutions. We valued our schools. You know? Just like people value on the east side of town. You know? You know? We have the same feelings about the people in our community in the—in our churches. In our schools. In our children. You know?
Um, my family never had a telephone. We never had a car. But that wasn’t a problem because somebody in my neighborhood would, um, let us use the phone if we needed to. And take us someplace if we needed to. And especially if we needed to go to something at the Hungerford School in Eatonville. You know, I had to catch a ride to my graduation, you know, uh, from high school. But most—for the most part, we used the city bus to get around. We would go up to the corner of Morse and Pennsylvania in front of the Hague’s grocery and catch the bus to Orlando. And the terminal at that time was on Pine Street. And then we could go and do our shopping and whatever we wanted to do downtown. But if you wanted to go outside of that, then we’d have to get a transfer to go someplace else in the city.
You know, sometimes people go and they look at you and they see that—that you’re different and you don’t look like them. They don’t realize that you have the same challenges. Ups. Downs. Highs. Lows. Maybe for different reasons and different ways, but it’s not like you’re walking around sulking. You know? Because, uh, this was a great place to grow up. This place was so great to grow up in that back in, um, the early-2000s, I sold a house I owned in Winter Park to my daughter and son-in-law so that they—so that like their mother—like my grandchildren’s mother and uncle grew up in Winter Park, I wanted them to experience growing up in Winter Park. So my son graduated from Winter Park High. My daughter. And my 18-year-old grandson just graduated last year. And he’s in college in Michigan. So it was good.
Cravero
Um…
Livingston
And one thing I want to add is…
Cravero
[clears throat].
Livingston
…those people that I interviewed for the Sage Project, they all owned their homes. They bought their homes in thirties and forties and fifties. And they were mortgage-free. And these people did daywork. They worked in the laundry. They worked at Rollins. They worked at the Alabama Hotel. They worked at the Morrison’s Cafeteria. And they had their own homes. And that’s something now will not be happening in—in Winter Park. If you left Winter Park for whatever reason, unless you have some big bucks, you cannot come back.
And the thing about it is, you know, this is my opinion, everybody wants a—they want a, uh, prestigious Winter Park address. And they want a sense of community. But the people I see who live here, I never see them outside their homes. I know who they are just by the homes. But I never see them out. I don’t see their children in the street playing stickball like we did coming up. Or playing hopscotch. Just out there playing. You know? And being. And doing. I know they’re there, because I can tell from the new houses that they put here. I guess they just come home and close up. And then come out. You know, and do whatever they do during the day. I’m sure some of them, they have a relationship with their neighbors. I mean, they’re neighbors. But I don’t see the sense of community that I grew up with. And for them, I feel sorry that they don’t have that experience. You know, they don’t know how to have that experience.
Cravero
That was actually touching on my, uh, next question. Was, um—would you tell us a little bit about some of the major changes that have taken place in Hannibal Square and what that means in being able to preserve the history of the community?
Livingston
Well, I would say the only saving—one of the only—well, I—I’ll put it like this. There are some things in the community. Okay? The Hannibal Square Heritage Center here. This is something that will help preserve the community. I—you have to realize that, uh, we have a 30-year lease with the City of Winter Park. We’ve already burned through 10 years. So we don’t know what the future might hold. We don’t know whether or not 20 years from now, when it’s time to request a renewal or whatever—not only that, in the interim. Because if either one of us could break the—the lease requirement, you know, with the proper notification. So we don’t know what might happen with this. We might get people on the council who don’t support this. They may say, “Well, we’ve got a history association downtown at the farmer’s market. Why do we need two?”
So as far as seeing differences, you know, I grew up—now, Hannibal Square’s always been kind of a conflicting community, as far as the business section was concerned. That’s because there was a bar. And they had little cafeterias that sold, uh, liquor and beer. And they had restaurants that sold, uh, alcoholic beverages. And you had, uh, barber shops, etc. Dry cleaners. You name it. So most families did not want their children in Hannibal Square in the business section. Because of the alcohol and booze. They—we were against that. You know? It wasn’t against the—the insti—the, uh, businesses. But they didn’t want they’re children exposed to that. But I remember as a teenager, we loved to walk past the square [laughs]. We didn’t dare go in the square, but we—that was one of our rights of passage. And then we got to driving age and had cars, we would drive through the square. It was like a right of passage.
[laughs] So, um—but, you know, there was a grocery store. And one of the grocery stores I grew up with was owned by a white family. And, um, they would give you credit on the food. Then there was another groc—there was[sic] two grocery stores owned by white families. The Davises. I can’t remember the other. Prevatt. The Prevatts and the Davises. The Davises had a store right there where Dexter’s used to be. At the corner of Pennsylvania and New England. And the Prevatts had one on the opposite side. Close to Hannibal Square East. And then the Davises moved north, near the corner of, uh, Pennsylvania and Canton in one of the, uh, Masonic lodge buildings downstairs. Which is now home to a new boutique-style, uh, store called—it was called The Grove or The Glove. Was it? Something. It’s brand new.
So, you know, I’ve seen a lot of changes. Uh, there’s only one barber shop, um, on the corner that had been there for a number of years. All the barbers that—well, two of the barbers that worked there f—one of the barbers that worked there, he’s deceased. And the other one is still living. But, they’re, you know—he’s older. This is a new group here. And, um, we had a dry cleaners. Mr. Hurley’s. Back during that time, when I was a teenager, coming up as a young person, uh, when we wore our jeans—we took our jeans to the dry cleaners. And they’d put starch in ‘em. And then they would press ‘em. And you’d have a crease in there that was so sharp, that if you did—if you weren’t careful, you might cut yourself [laughs]. Mr. Hurley was a professional, um, hat blocker. That was his specialty. And then we had, um, hairdressers in the community. We had Mrs. Christine Hardaway. We had Mrs. Alberta Kelly. We had Ms. Nellie Mae Lewis. We had, um, several more. We had many hairdressers. Because during that time, um, I was growing up, most African Americans, you know, they’d straighten their hair, you know, with a hot pressing comb and things like that. Now we’ve come to accept and appreciate our kinky hair.
So it’s, you know—we had the community center, where we’d have Saturday night dance—dances with teenagers. We had Saturday night dances. Uh, when I was in elementary school, during the, uh, World Series baseball games, um, if you wanted to go and watch the baseball on a little, small tv sitting up on the stage, they would bring the kids over who wanted to watch the baseball game. Um, that’s—community center had a jukebox in it. So if you’re doing, you know—if you went over there during the daytime, you know—went after school or whatever, you could play the jukebox and pool table. And, of course, like I said, the Saturday night dance [digital alarm rings]. And now at that time, there was a, uh, dj on AM radio, was named—they called him Little Daddy. And he visited all the rural African American communities in Central Florida. So wherever he was scheduled to go for the weekend or Saturday night, he would advertise it during his show. And most times, he would say something like, “Okay. We’re gonna be in Winter Park Saturday night. Practice, Winter Park. Practice, Winter Park.” And we would all be so excited to go to the community center for the dances.
And we didn’t go to summer camp. The churches were our summer camps. Because in the summertime, many of the women who worked outside their homes, they would take time off their jobs and provide vacation Bible school for us. So we had like nine or ten churches in the community. Or more. So each church would take a week. So you didn’t have to be conflicted about where you wanted to go. So by the time you made it through nine to ten churches, you’ve already had your summer camp. You know, we would study the Bible. And we would learn Bible verses. And then we would do, uh, little skits at the end of the week. Every day we had our Kool-Aid and our sandwiches. And a cookie. And the women were very nice and kind to us. Didn’t matter whether or not you went to the S—Seventh Day Adventist Church or the Church of God in Christ or a Baptist church, etc.
[clears throat] So you know, we—we had a—we used to fish the lakes of Winter Park. Because often, black people worked on those estates. And so we knew a lot of them. And so when we would go to fish, we could go into the yard. And usually the butler or the maid or some house, uh, worker or servant would come out wondering how you—how we’re fishing. You know? What—what are we doing? Are you catching anything? And a lot of times they would bring out cold water or tea, you know, for you. So we were allowed to go into these properties. But now, a lot of times I think about, “Well, I won’t really drive down that street again.” ‘Cause I remember walking down that street. And there was a st—a stand of, um, cane poles that my grandmother used to cut from and let it dry out. I said, “But I’m sure if I drive that there now, especially if I drive slowly, just reminiscing, I’ll probably get the cops called on me. You know? But those are the things.
Uh, we couldn’t go to the public library. Mm-mm. With help from Rollins College, um, professor of books—I can’t remember his name right now. And it’s a shame that I don’t. Um, he donated books and a bookshelf. In the—in memory of his wife. ‘Cause his wife was active with the black children at the Hannibal Square Elementary School. She would come and read to the children and provide books. And then he started a campaign. And said, “Rather than, um, sending flowers, donate a book or books to the school.” And eventually, that led to an effort and the success to build a library in Hannibal Square.
So it was in the sixties before we could go to the library. I’m right here in ’64 in Winter Park [clears throat]. By the time they had a library in, um—by the time we were allowed to go to the library across town, I had read every book probably in the Hannibal Square [laughs] library. Some of ‘em probably twice [laughs]. And so—but, you know, i—i—it didn’t—w—we didn’t resort to saying somebody saying, “Well…
Cravero
[clears throat].
Livingston
…I’m not gonna read because I want to go to the white library.” You know? I—i—w—we went to the library. And we, you know—and a lot of families at the time, they invested in buying, um—Oh, god. Here we go. Britannica. Uh.
Lester
Encyclopedias. Encyclopedias.
Livingston
Encyclopedias. And so you would go to your friend’s house. Some people didn’t even have the complete set yet. They might have had—they might have bought A through D. You know? And then the next year, they might buy F through whatever. And some people were able to buy the whole set. So you would go to your friend’s house and use their encyclopedias.
And so it was—there’s a lot of change. I remember one time this, uh—it was in the sixties. Early sixties. There was a restaurant. A little burger joint on, um…
Cravero
[clears throat].
Livingston
…Fairbanks Avenue called The Golden Point. Now every Sunday after church, me and a group of friends would—after dinner, usually at one of my friend’s house, mostly Doris Taylor’s house [laughs], we would take a little walk around the community. So this particular Sunday, we decided we’d go to The Golden Point. So we walked up to the window and the lady told us—the young lady told us that we had to go to the side to order. And we said no. We wanted to order there. And so what she did was she closed the window down. So we stood there for a while. And after it was obvious that they were not going to serve us, we began to walk away. But as soon as we walked away, she opened the window back up to serve a white customer.
I’ll never forget one time, um, this was around ’57 or ’58, when they first put a 7-Eleven at the corner of Pennsylvania and Fairbanks. My mother had given me money to go and buy a loaf of bread. I went to the store and I got the bread. And I gave the young man, the cashier, a 20-dollar bill. When he gave me back my change, it was not correct. But he gave me a look to say, “Don’t you dare challenge me.” Now it wasn’t so much that I was afraid to challenge him. I was afraid that this would create a problem for my mother. Because my mother was one of those people that just didn’t take any hostages. And I knew my mother would go back down there and probably tear the place up and end up in jail. So I had to go home and lie to my mother. I—I lied to my mother. I said, “I must have dropped some of your change.” ‘Cause I knew she was not going to let it go.
I’ll never forget one day I was crossing Park Avenue at New England on my way to Hogue’s Five & Dime store. On Saturdays, sometimes we would get, uh, 25 cents or 10 cents. You know, like I said there was[sic] three of us. Four. Four of us. And we would go down to Hogue’s and buy the little, you know, rick racks and jackstones and different little things. It would always be crowded with children because the children would be—be—the white children would be down—would be down on Park Avenue for the Colony Theater. Because of the movies. This time, as I was crossing the street, there were three little white boys. And they were snickering. And I could tell from their body language that something bad was coming to me. And so as we passed each other, one of ‘em snickered and said—and called me Aunt—Aunt Jemima. Aunt Jemima. That’s the pancake mix. Well, during that time, that was not something to be called. You might has well have used the n-word.
So sometimes I wonder. These people that I had these encounters with, are they—are they now or before—were they on the City Council? You know? Are they in places of power? And have they changed? And have they taught their children these same things against people who don’t look like them? I—I wonder about those things. And now as I began to be among a lot of people who are not of color, I see the connection that they all have. They know everything about us and we know nothing about them. So that gives them leverage. That gives them the upper hand. Because many of the older people who have gone on, and many who are aged now, worked for a lot of those families. And those older people from our community share some of their pain about their life or their children. About their husband. About their wife. And so that’s been passed on to generations. And that feeds the negative feeling about people in—in my community.
You know? Just like, uh, historians. Historians in the community, they are only concerned about white history. I’m not only concerned about black history. I’m concerned about all history because I can see the thread. I could see the—I could see each—in other words, when you tell your story, there’s a component story from this community that is parallel to that. And people don’t always see that. I know many years ago in the paper, someone wrote that if you didn’t graduate from Winter Park High, you didn’t live in Winter Park. That’s to disenfranchise those of us who had to go to the segregated schools, which was not a call that we could make.
And then when you go to Winter Park High—if you go to one of their yearbooks around ’70-’71—now this was after the Civil Rights Movement. In the yearbook, there’s a redneck club, which is fine. But one of the kids has a noose around his neck. Then there’s a poem in that yearbook. “How much does your daddy make? Does he have enough—make enough to live on a lake? And buy his wife a long-length mink? Or does he live in a…” I can’t remember the whole poem. But does he live in, you know, like a low-income place? Or maybe he doesn’t work at all. That’s in the yearbook. In 1971-72. So I wonder. Those children in that picture. What are they doing? Are they still here?
And then in a picture, they showed, uh, the black student. And the pictures of the black student looking like the—tish[sic]—pictures of black students in the picture, they look like—they look like they’re stressed about learning. You know? Like they’re confused or something. They look like they’re challenged about whatever they’re trying to—to look at. You know? Then they took pictures on the back side of some of the old rooming houses in there to show, I guess, where these black children come from. And then they have a section called, “The Community”. And that’s where they show Downtown Park Avenue. The houses on the lake. Blah, blah, blah [laughs].
You know, the first African American didn’t attend Winter Park High School until the 1964-65 school year. This was a young lady. Barbara King Lloyd. She lived on Lyman Avenue. She had one brother. Scriven. But they always attended school and church with their family in Orlando. The came from p—a pioneer family here. And, um, they picked—she was picked to attend the school. I guess as a test. And I would say, um, in my opinion, she was picked because she was very fair-skinned. It wouldn’t be so obvious. They wouldn’t pick me. Y—you know? And she was not treated well at all. She was ostracized. And it was tough on her. This was a young woman who had come from Jones High School in Orlando. She’d been a majorette. She was a star student. You know? So she was popular. She’s in Girl Scouts here. You know? Very involved with everything. And she’d go there. And for hours on hours a day, had to—had to face that.
One year, when she—when they had a reunion, the [Orlando] Sentinels[sic] contacted her. She was living in Miami-Dade County around that area at the time. And asked her about wh—whether or not she would be attending the reunion. And she said no. That she would not be attending. And then they interviewed some of the classmates. And some of them expressed remorse for the way that they—they didn’t reach out. They didn’t try to welcome her in any way.
So—but this is not an anomaly. This happens all over the—the country. Most specially in the South. See, the people think of Florida, they think of beaches and palm trees. But the same dynamics that play out all over the country plays out here. Yeah.
Anyway, Mr. Rogers , you know, he attended Rollins. And he graduated in 1951. Well, Mr. Rogers spent time in this community at the Winter—at the Welbourne Avenue Nursery and Kindergarten through the Human Relations Council at his school. By the time Mr. Rogers got here, the enrollment at the Hungerford School had declined. Because before the early-fifties, the Hungerford School had been a private school. Boarding school for African Americans. And so when enrollment went down, and I guess they couldn’t afford the teachers, Mr. Rogers and many of the students in his department and members of the Humanity Council would go over to Hungerford and actually teach the classes. You know? And work with the children. And things like that. Yeah.
Hamilton Holt . He was a little different. You know, he was good friends with Zora Neale Hurston. Zora Neale wanted to put on a play. But she couldn’t do it at the main campus. They had another theater somewhere around present-day Virginia or Fern Creek Avenue area. So she could—she was allowed to use that. Many of the people in her play, especially the singing parts, came from this community. So, you know, Hamilton, the Ball Family. The Balls. They worked for Hamilton Holt. Every year when he would go to his estate, you know—the people are connected someplace. Uh, they would go with him. In fact, uh, Mrs.—Mrs. Ball, uh—her son, who’s still living, he’s in Atlanta now—whenever she would go with them to their estate, she would leave her son, young son, with her father. And one summer, the child cried and was so upset about his mother leaving that Hamilton Holt had the kid brought to the estate. And from that time on, every summer he went with his mother to the estate.
So there were some kind people. I’m—I’m not saying everybody—I’m not—I don’t—I don’t wanna do what they do. I don’t wanna be like them. I don’t wanna paint the whole city. There are pockets of people. There are people that you don’t even know that have empathy for what has happened to this community. I just don’t know who a lot of ‘em are. I know a lot of ‘em. But then there’s many more that I do not know.
It’s a great place to live. It is. And I can see why people would want to come in. I just hope that they enjoy it as much as I do. Did and still do. I drive from Mount Dora at least two or three days a week coming here. ‘Cause I love this place. Yeah.
Cravero
Well, appreciate you sharing your story with us today, Ms. Livingston. I think you’ve answered all of my questions. Is there anything else that you’d like to add? Do you have any final thoughts to share before we wrap up the interview?
Livingston
Well, sometimes I wonder. I know where some of the people who were just relocated, uh—had to leave because of gentrification or for whatever reasons. And I know some of ‘em are living in Altamonte [Springs] or Eatonville. And Pine Hills. And somewhere in another area. But when, uh, people who do development—and I’m not anti-development. I know things change. When they are the ones that—the thing about gentrification, there’s no, uh, requirement that they see that people get compensated in some ways to make that move. And cities, not just Winter Park, but cities around this country, they allow that to happen because they don’t have to pay the location money.
I think one of the biggest problems is that a lot of people have given up on local, state and national politicians. A lot of people don’t vote. They think once they’ve registered and get the card, that’s the end of it. But that’s just the first step. I know that African American communities, uh, their lifetime is just about over. Uh, many states, including Florida, have what they call the partition laws. And that helps bring about gentrification. The partition laws are where let’s say me and my three siblings own—or we’re heirs to property. And there is no—no will to say who actually gets it. Or how it should be divided. And let’s say it is divided. And out of the four, let’s say I’m living in the home. But let’s say one of my brothers might be paying the taxes and he’s in another state. The other two may have no interest. So when the developer contacts any of those three and says, “I’ll give you x number of dollars for your share,” well, the one that’s paying the tax deal may feel, “This frees me up. And then I get a few dollars.” And the other two, they may be doing very well, wherever they’re living. And, you know, don’t plan on coming back here. And so they sell their share. But then it only takes one person to buy—to—to sell their share. And then the developer can get a judgement against the remaining members to buy the property. In other words, what they’re gonna look—go for the judgement in, they’re gonna say, you know, “I’m ready to move forward with my investment. And this is costing me money because these other two people will not sell.” This is happening right now in North Carolina and Georgia. South Carolina. With farm property. Petition. And it’s legal. But you know, everything legal, it’s not always right.
Lester
Thank you.
Cravero
Thank you very much. This has been Geoffrey Cravero and Dr. Connie Lester with Fairolyn Livingston at the Hannibal Square Heritage Center in Winter Park, Florida, on Thursday, December 12th, 2019. Thank you.
7-Eleven
African American churches
African American community
African American schools
African Americans
Agnes Maude Houston Kraft
Alabama Hotel
Alberta Kelly
Alonzo Gerard “Trick” Roberts
Arnold Palmer Invitational
Baptist Church
Barbara King Lloyd
Bay Hill Club and Lounge
Capen House
Casa Feliz Historic Home Museum
Central Florida State College
Christine Hardaway
Church of God and Christ
churches
Climmie Boyer
Colony Theater
community activism
Connie Lester
Crealdé School of Art
Crummer Graduate School of Business
DePugh Nursing Home
desegregation
discrimination
Doris Taylor
Eatonville
education
Eileen Abraham Bryant
Ethel Cross
Fairolyn Livingston
First Congregational Church of Winter Park
Florida Citrus Open Invitational
Frank R. Israel
Fred McFeely Rogers
Frederick P. Simpson
gentrification
Geoffrey Cravero
golf
Hamilton Holt
Hampton Junior College
Hannibal Square
Hannibal Square Heritage Center
Heritage Collection Team
historical preservation
Hogue's Five & Dime
Hungerford High School
Ideal Woman’s Club of Winter Park, Inc.
integration
J. Lynn Pflug
Jones High School
Kelly Pflug
Lee Elder
Little Danny
Loring Augustus Chase
Louis Ferdinand Dommerich
Mary Lee DePugh
Morrison's Cafeteria
Mount Moriah Missionary Baptist Church
Mr. Rogers
Nancy Bradford
Nellie Mae Lewis
New Hope Missionary Baptist Church
Ocala
Oral histories
oral history
partitian laws
Peter Schreyer
PGA Tour
poverty
racism
recreational activities
Richard Harold Charlton Jr.
Rio Pinar Country Club
Robert Hungerford Preparatory High School
Rollins College
Rose Charlton Bynum
Sage Project
segregated schools
segregation
Seventh Day Adventist Church
The Golden Point
Victoria Redfin
Ward Chapel African Methodist Episcopal Church
Welbourne Nursery & Kindergarten Inc
Wilhelmina Hernandez Allen
Winter Park
Winter Park Foundation
Winter Park High School
Winter Park Public Library
Winter Park’s Worthy Persons
-
https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/528c8816b94e750e96864587bdb425cf.jpg
6fe5eddeb7c73d5701372cd83f35a988
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Jones High School Historical Museum Collection
Description
Located in the Parramore/Lorna Doone neighborhood of downtown Orlando, Jones High School was the first area public school for African-Americans. The original building was located on the corner of Garland Avenue and Church Street, but the school was renamed the Johnson Academy and moved to a new building on the corner of Chatham Avenue and West Jefferson Street. In 1921, the school was renamed in honor Principal L. C. Jones and a brick colonial revival building was constructed on the corner of Parramore Avenue and Washington Street. The school was finally moved to its current location at 801 South Rio Grande Avenue in 1952.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Class Assembly, 1970
Alternative Title
Integrated Class Assembly, 1970
Subject
Orlando (Fla.)
High schools--Florida
Schools
Education--Florida
Students--Florida
Description
An integrated class assembly at Jones High School in 1970. The photograph appeared in the Jones High School yearbook that year.<br /><br /> Located in the Parramore/Lorna Doone neighborhood of downtown Orlando, Jones High School was the first area public school for African-Americans. The original building was located on the corner of Garland Avenue and Church Street, but the school was renamed the Johnson Academy and moved to a new building on the corner of Chatham Avenue and West Jefferson Street. In 1921, the school was renamed in honor Principal L. C. Jones and a brick colonial revival building was constructed on the corner of Parramore Avenue and Washington Street. The school was finally moved to its current location at 801 South Rio Grande Avenue in 1952.
Type
Still Image
Source
Original black and white photograph: <a href="https://joneshighschoolhistoricalsociety.org/">Jones High School Historical Museum</a>, Orlando, Florida.
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/collections/show/214" target="_blank">Jones High School Historical Museum Collection</a>, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES.
Is Format Of
Digital reproduction of original black and white photograph.
Coverage
Jones High School, Orlando, Florida
Creator
<a href="https://joneshs.ocps.net/">Jones High School</a>
Publisher
<a href="https://joneshs.ocps.net/">Jones High School</a>
Date Created
ca. 1970
Format
image/jpg
Extent
1.26 MB
Medium
1 color photograph
Mediator
History Teacher
Provenance
Originally created and published by <a href="https://joneshs.ocps.net/">Jones High School</a>.
Rights Holder
Copyright to this resource is held by <a href="https://joneshs.ocps.net/">Jones High School</a> and is provided here by <a href="https://riches.cah.ucf.edu/">RICHES</a> for educational purposes only.
Accrual Method
Donation
Contributing Project
Jones High School Historical Society Digitization Project
Curator
Cravero, Geoffrey
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="https://joneshighschoolhistoricalsociety.org/">Jones High School Historical Museum</a>
External Reference
Feigenbaum, Nancy. "<a href="http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1995-01-22/news/9501230388_1_jones-high-black-schools-orlando-school" target="_blank">A 100-year History Lesson At Jones</a>." <em>Orlando Sentinel</em>, January 22, 1995. Accessed December 12, 2018.
Jones High School. <a target="_blank">School Information: History</a>." Joneshs.ocpc.net. https://joneshs.ocps.net/school_information/history (accessed December 12, 2018).
Jones High School Historical Society, Inc. "<a href="https://joneshighschoolhistoricalsociety.org/about/" target="_blank">About</a>." Joneshighschoolhistoricalsociety.org. https://joneshighschoolhistoricalsociety.org/about/ (accessed December 12, 2018).
<em>Central Florida News 13. </em>"<a href="http://mms.tveyes.com/PlaybackPortal.aspx?SavedEditID=563c8272-fdf2-4562-ba64-1d23be8221f9">Jones High School Shares Its History</a>." CFNews13, March 6, 2019. Accessed March 7, 2019. http://mms.tveyes.com/PlaybackPortal.aspx?SavedEditID=563c8272-fdf2-4562-ba64-1d23be8221f9.
African-American community
African-American school
African-Americans
class assembly
education
high schools
home economics
integration
Jones High School
Jones High School Historical Society, Inc.
orlando
Parramore
schools
students
-
https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/b5465c2c90b279d3e1c24898116b7f08.pdf
39d823aa90860689af327aadc16e38c3
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Weeki Wachee Collection
Alternative Title
Weeki Wachee Collection
Description
Along with a group of investors, Newton Perry opened Weeki Wachee Springs to the public in October of 1947. At the time, roadside attractions were becoming popular stops along Florida roadways. The attraction consisted of an amalgamation of vendors, an orchid garden, a river boat tour, as well as the star attraction: a mermaid show that took place in an underwater theater. Eventually, the May Museum of the Tropics, an "abandoned Seminole village", a show called “Birds of Prey”, and a petting zoo were added. After peaking in the 1950s and 1960s, attendance began to decline as theme parks and highways changed the dynamics of Florida's tourism. The State of Florida took over the attraction as a state park in 2008. Since then, the park has focused on appealing to a modern audience while preserving its history.
Subject
Weeki Wachee (Fla.)
Weeki Wachee Springs (Fla.)
Tourism--Florida
Springs--Florida
Parks--Florida
Contributor
Schumacher, Elmer "Sparky"
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/63" target="_blank">Hernando County Collection</a>, RICHES.
Language
eng
Type
Collection
Spatial Coverage
Weeki Wachee Springs, Spring Hill, Florida
Curator
Schwandt, Rebecca
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
External Reference
<span>"</span><a href="http://weekiwachee.com/about-us/history-of-weeki-wachee-springs.html" target="_blank">History of Weeki Wachee Springs</a><span>." Weeki Wachee Springs State Park. http://weekiwachee.com/about-us/history-of-weeki-wachee-springs.html.</span>
<span>Pelland, Maryan, and Dan Pelland. </span><a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/67516850" target="_blank"><em>Weeki Wachee Springs</em></a><span>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 2005.</span>
<span>Vickers, Lu, and Bonnie Georgiadis. </span><a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/780478262" target="_blank"><em>Weeki Wachee Mermaids: Thirty Years of Underwater Photography</em></a><span>. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2012.</span>
Contributing Project
Rebecca Schwandt's Thesis Project
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Letter from Myrtle Colson to John M. May (February 25, 1959)
Alternative Title
Letter from Colson to May (February 25, 1959)
Subject
Weeki Wachee Springs (Fla.)
Tourism--Florida
Springs--Florida
Parks--Florida
Entomology
Description
A letter from Myrtle Colson, manager of the May Museum of the Tropics, to the owner of the museum, John M. May, dated February 25, 1959. Colson discusses a surprise audit from the owners of Weeki Wachee, The Florida Chain of Theaters. She writes that a comptroller visited the museum, inquiring about the museum's accounting books and records of business. <br /><br />
The May Natural History Museum of the Tropics is a non-profit organization that displays the world’s largest private insect collection. James May acquired the thousands of insects and arthropods that make up the collection from the late 1800s until his death in 1956. John May continued his father’s legacy, building a museum in Weeki Wachee, Florida, that lasted from 1954-1964, and a museum in Colorado that opened in the 1950s and is still open today. John May also took parts of the collection across the United States and Canada to display at fairs and exhibitions.<br /><br />
Along with a group of investors, Newton Perry opened Weeki Wachee Springs to the public in October of 1947. At the time, roadside attractions were becoming popular stops along Florida roadways. The attraction consisted of an amalgamation of vendors, an orchid garden, a river boat tour, as well as the star attraction: a mermaid show that took place in an underwater theater. Eventually, the May Museum of the Tropics, an "abandoned Seminole village", a show called “Birds of Prey”, and a petting zoo were added. After peaking in the 1950s and 1960s, attendance began to decline as theme parks and highways changed the dynamics of Florida's tourism. The State of Florida took over the attraction as a state park in 2008. Since then, the park has focused on appealing to a modern audience while preserving its history.
Type
Text
Source
Original 2-page typewritten letter from Myrtle Colson to John M. May, February 25, 1959: <a href="https://coloradospringsbugmuseum.com//">May Natural History Museum</a> Colorado Springs, Colorado.
Requires
<a href="https://acrobat.adobe.com/us/en/acrobat/pdf-reader.html" target="_blank">Adobe Acrobat Reader</a>
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/collections/show/63" target="_blank">Weeki Wachee Collection</a>, Hernando County Collection, RICHES.
Has Format
Digital reproduction of original 2-page typewritten letter from Myrtle Colson to John M. May, February 25, 1959.
Coverage
May Museum of the Tropics, Weeki Wachee Springs State Park, Weeki Wachee, Florida
Creator
Colson, Myrtle
Publisher
<a href="https://riches.cah.ucf.edu/">RICHES</a>
Date Created
1959-02-25
Format
application/pdf
Extent
7.70 MB
Medium
2-page typewritten letter
Language
eng
Mediator
History Teacher
Provenance
Originally created by Myrtle Colson and published by <a href="https://riches.cah.ucf.edu/">RICHES</a>.
Rights Holder
Copyright to this resource is held by <a href="https://coloradospringsbugmuseum.com/">May Natural History Museum</a> and is provided here by <a href="https://riches.cah.ucf.edu/">RICHES</a> for educational purposes only.
Accrual Method
Donation
Contributing Project
Rebecca Schwandt's Thesis Project
Curator
Schwandt, Rebecca
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="https://coloradospringsbugmuseum.com/">May Natural History Museum</a>
External Reference
Allman, T.D. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/873617194" target="_blank"><em>Finding Florida: The True History of the Sunshine State</em></a>. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 2013.
Ammidown, Margot. "<a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1504171?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents" target="_blank">Edens, Underworlds, and Shrines: Florida’s Small Tourist Attractions</a>." <em>The Journal of Decorative and Propaganda Arts</em> 23, 1998, 238-259. Accessed November 9, 2018. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1504171?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents.
Georgiadis, Bonnie and Lu Vickers. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/780478262" target="_blank"><em>Weeki Wachee mermaids: thirty years of underwater photography</em></a>. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2012.
Hollis, Tim. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/61130658" target="_blank"><em>Glass Bottom Boats &
Mermaid Tails: Florida's Tourist Springs</em></a>. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2006.
Pelland, Maryan. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/995504665" target="_blank"><em>Weeki Wachee Springs</em></a>. Arcadia Publishing Inc, 2006. .
Revels, Tracy J. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/666240031" target="_blank"><em>Sunshine Paradise: A History of Florida Tourism</em></a>. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2011.
Vickers, Lu, and Sara Dionne. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/71237360" target="_blank"><em>Weeki Wachee, City of Mermaids: A History of One of Florida's Oldest Roadside Attractions</em></a>. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2007.
accounting
audit
Florida Chain of Theaters
Florida tourism
integration
John M. May
May Museum of the Tropics
museums
Myrtle Colson
natural springs
parks
Rebecca Schwandt
roadside attractions
roadside tourism
tourist attractions
Weeki Wachee Springs State Park
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Florida Historical Quarterly Podcasts Collection
Alternative Title
FHQ Podcast Collection
Description
The <em>Florida Historical Quarterly </em>is the academic journal published four times per year by the Florida Historical Society in cooperation with the Department of History at the University of Central Florida. Each issue features peer-reviewed articles focusing on a wide variety of topics related to Florida history.
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>.
Language
eng
Type
Collection
Coverage
Florida
Contributing Project
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>
Curator
Burke, Mike
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/default" target="_blank">Florida Historical Society</a>
External Reference
"<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank">Florida Historical Quarterly</a>." Florida Historical Society. https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly.
"<a href="http://fhq.cah.ucf.edu" target="_blank">The Florida Historical Quarterly</a>." College of Arts and Humanities, University of Central Florida. http://fhq.cah.ucf.edu.
Sound/Podcast
A resource whose content is primarily intended to be rendered as audio.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Florida Historical Quarterly, Episode 19: Vol. 92, No. 2, Fall 2013
Alternative Title
Florida Historical Quarterly, Ep. 19
Subject
Jacksonville (Fla.)
Bradenton (Fla.)
Courts--Florida
Education--Florida
Prisons--Florida
Crime--Florida
Description
This episode features an interview with Attorney Richard S. Dellinger, who co-edited this special issue of <em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em> on the U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Florida. The issue is dedicated to the significant cases that have made it through the Middle District Court, which is celebrating its 50th anniversary.
Type
Sound
Source
Original 19-minute and 47-second audio podcast by Daniel S. Murphree, 2013: <a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>, Florida Historical Society, Cocoa, Florida.
Requires
Multimedia software, such as <a href="http://www.apple.com/quicktime/download/" target="_blank"> QuickTime</a>.
Is Part Of
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>, Florida Historical Society, Cocoa, Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/collections/show/184" target="_blank">Florida Historical Quarterly Podcast Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida.
Coverage
Bryan Simpson United States Courthouse, Jacksonville, Florida
Sam M. Gibbons U.S. Courthouse, Tampa, Florida
Creator
Murphree, Daniel S.
Publisher
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>
Contributor
Dellinger, Richard S.
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/default" target="_blank">Florida Historical Society</a>
<a href="http://history.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">University of Central Florida, Department of History</a>
Date Created
2013
Date Issued
2013
Date Copyrighted
2013
Format
audio/mp3
Extent
45.3 MB
Medium
19-minute and 47-second audio podcast
Language
eng
Mediator
History Teacher
Civics/Government Teacher
Provenance
Originally created by Daniel S. Murphree and published by the <a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>.
Rights Holder
Copyright to this resource is held by the <a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/default" target="_blank">Florida Historical Society</a> and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only.
Accrual Method
Donation
Contributing Project
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>
Curator
Burke, Mike
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/default" target="_blank">Florida Historical Society</a>
External Reference
Dellinger, Richard S. and Jon M. Philipson. "Introduction to the Symposium: Fifty Years of Central Florida History Through the Lengs of the Federal Courts." <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/69023195" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>. 92, no. 2 (Fall 2013): 179-182.
Balderas, Olga. "The Complex Legacy of School Desegregation in Duval County." <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/69023195" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>. 92, no. 2 (Fall 2013): 215-226.
Millcarek, Lauren. "History in More Than Black and White: The Story of One District Dudge Who Faced Down a Fiery Desegregation Controversy and Created a Lasting Legacy." <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/69023195" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>. 92, no. 2 (Fall 2013): 240-252.
Price, Tara R. "You've Come a Long Way, Baby: Stripping Pornography From America's Workplaces." <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/69023195" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>. 92, no. 2 (Fall 2013): 261-275.
Stewart, Brian M. "Lives Revisited: Drawing the Line Between History and Hollywood." <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/69023195" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>. 92, no. 2 (Fall 2013): 289-300.
Eisenberg, Benjamin H. "A Speedbump on the Information Superhighway: Pushing Copyright Law into the Online Era." <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/69023195" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>. 92, no. 2 (Fall 2013): 337-350.
Porcelli, Anthony E. "Crimes Defining Our Time: Notable Criminal Cases from the First Fifty Years of the Middle District of Florida." <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/69023195" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>. 92, no. 2 (Fall 2013): 362-370.
Shitama, Mariko K. "A Pioneer in Prison Reform: <em>Costello v. Wainwright</em> and its Paradoxical Legacy in Florida Prisons." <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/69023195" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>. 92, no. 2 (Fall 2013): 381-396.
Sheppard, William J. "Early Jail and Prison Conditions Litigation in the Middle District Court." <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/69023195" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>. 92, no. 2 (Fall 2013): 419-425.
Click to View (Movie, Podcast, or Website)
<a href="https://youtu.be/jAOU-7_HF5w" target="_blank">Episode 19: Vol. 92, No. 2, Fall 2013</a>
8th Amendment
9/11
admiralty
Andrea Gail
attorneys
Ben Krentzman
Bradenton
busing
Carlos Enrique Lehder Rivas
Carlos Lehder
Claude R. Kirk, Jr.
Claude Roy Kirk, Jr.
cocaine
Committee for State Security
convictions
copyright
Costello v. Wainwright
courts
crimes
criminal prosecutions
cruel and unusual punishment
Daniel S. Murphree
desegregation
Donnell Godfrey
Donnie Brasco
drug cartel
drug trafficking
drugs
Eighth Amendment
employment
espionage
FHQ
Florida Historical Quarterly
fraud
George Trofimoff
Harriet v. Board of Public Construction
Harvest v. Board of Public Instruction of Manatee County
inmates
integration
intellectual property
IP
Isaac Benjamin Krentzman, Jr.
judicial branch
KGB
lawyers
litigation
Lou Pearlman
Louis Jay Pearlman
Manatee County
Manuel Antonio Noriega Moreno
Manuel Noriega
Medellín Cartel
mental illness
Mims v. Duval County School Board
NAACP
narcotics
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
National Heritage Life Insurance Company
Palestine Islamic Jihad
Playboy Enterprise v. Frena
pornography
prison overcrowding
prisoners
prisons
race relations
racial violence
Richard S. Dellinger
Robinson v. Jacksonville Shipyards
Sami Al-Arian
Sami Amin Al-Arian
Santo Trafficante, Jr.
school districts
schools
segregation
September 11 Attacks
Shalom Weiss
Sholam Weiss
Skyway Bridge
spying
state prisons
Supreme Court of the United States
terrorism
The Perfect Storm
trial courts
trials
Tynev. Time Warner Entertainment Company
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit
U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Florida
U.S. Supreme Court
Wesley Snipes
Wesley Trent Snipes
William Terrell Hodges
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Florida Historical Quarterly Podcasts Collection
Alternative Title
FHQ Podcast Collection
Description
The <em>Florida Historical Quarterly </em>is the academic journal published four times per year by the Florida Historical Society in cooperation with the Department of History at the University of Central Florida. Each issue features peer-reviewed articles focusing on a wide variety of topics related to Florida history.
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>.
Language
eng
Type
Collection
Coverage
Florida
Contributing Project
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>
Curator
Burke, Mike
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/default" target="_blank">Florida Historical Society</a>
External Reference
"<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank">Florida Historical Quarterly</a>." Florida Historical Society. https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly.
"<a href="http://fhq.cah.ucf.edu" target="_blank">The Florida Historical Quarterly</a>." College of Arts and Humanities, University of Central Florida. http://fhq.cah.ucf.edu.
Sound/Podcast
A resource whose content is primarily intended to be rendered as audio.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Florida Historical Quarterly, Episode 10: Vol. 90, No. 1, Summer 2011
Alternative Title
Florida Historical Quarterly, Ep. 10
Subject
Pensacola (Fla.)
Crime--Florida
Law enforcement--Florida
Police--Florida
Race relations--United States
Description
This is the podcast for the Summer 2011 issue of <em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em>. The issue features the 2010 Friends of the Florida Historical Society Keynote Lecture "The First Coming of Judeo-Christian Religion to Florida" by Michael Gannon in addition to the articles "Blue Water, Brown Water, and Confederate Disloyalty: The Peculiar and Personal Naval Conflict in South Florida during the Civil War" by Irvin D. S. Winsboro and William B. Mack and "The Catholic Diocese of Miami and African American Desegregation, 1958-1977" by Mark Newman. This podcast features an interview with James M. Denham whose article "Crime and Punishment in Antebellum Pensacola," is also in the Summer issue. Professor Denham is the Director of Lawton M. Chiles Center for Florida History at Florida Southern College. In addition, Professor Raymond A. Mohl, Distinguished Professor at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, was interviewed for this podcast. Dr. Mohl spoke about the life and legacy of Stetson Kennedy who passed away on August 27, 2011, at the age of 94.
Type
Sound
Source
Original 21-minute and 49-second audio podcast by Connie Lester, Robert Cassanello, and Daniel S. Murphree, 2011: <a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>, Florida Historical Society, Cocoa, Florida.
Requires
Multimedia software, such as <a href="http://www.apple.com/quicktime/download/" target="_blank"> QuickTime</a>.
Is Part Of
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>, Florida Historical Society, Cocoa, Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/collections/show/184" target="_blank">Florida Historical Quarterly Podcast Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida.
Coverage
Pensacola, Florida
Creator
Lester, Connie L.
Cassanello, Robert
Murphree, Daniel S.
Publisher
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>
Contributor
Denham, James M.
Mohl, Raymond A.
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/default" target="_blank">Florida Historical Society</a>
<a href="http://history.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">University of Central Florida, Department of History</a>
Date Created
2011
Date Issued
2011
Date Copyrighted
2011
Format
audio/mp3
Extent
49.9 MB
Medium
21-minute and 49-second audio podcast
Language
eng
Mediator
History Teacher
Civics/Government Teacher
Provenance
Originally created by Connie Lester, Robert Cassanello, and Daniel S. Murphree and published by the <a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>.
Rights Holder
Copyright to this resource is held by the <a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/default" target="_blank">Florida Historical Society</a> and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only.
Accrual Method
Donation
Contributing Project
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>
Curator
Burke, Mike
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/default" target="_blank">Florida Historical Society</a>
External Reference
Denham, James M. "<a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/23035894" target="_blank">Crime and Punishment in Antebellum Pensacola</a>." <em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em> 90, no. 1 (2011): 13-33. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23035894.
Kennedy, Stetson. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/772845374" target="_blank"><em>Southern Exposure Making the South Safe for Democracy</em></a>. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2010.
Kennedy, Stetson. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/772845344" target="_blank"><em>Jim Crow Guide to the U.S.A. The Laws, Customs and Etiquette Governing the Conduct of Nonwhites and Other Minorities As Second-Class Citizens</em></a>. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2011.
Kennedy, Stetson. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/20595914" target="_blank"><em>The Klan Unmasked</em></a>. 1990.
Kennedy, Stetson. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/9890090" target="_blank"><em>Palmetto Country</em></a>. New York: Duell, Sloan & Pearce, 1942.
Gannon, Michael. "<a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/23035893" target="_blank">2010 Friends of the Florida Historical Society Keynote Lecture: The First Coming of Judeo-Christian Religion to Florida</a>." <em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em> 90, no. 1 (2011): 1-12. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23035893.
Winsboro, Irvin D. S., and Mack William B. "<a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/23035895" target="_blank">Blue Water, Brown Water, and Confederate Disloyalty: The Peculiar and Personal Naval Conflict in South Florida during the Civil War</a>." <em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em> 90, no. 1 (2011): 34-60. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23035895.
Newman, Mark. "<a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/23035896" target="_blank">The Catholic Diocese of Miami and African American Desegregation, 1958-1977</a>." <em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em> 90, no. 1 (2011): 61-84. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23035896.
Click to View (Movie, Podcast, or Website)
<a href="https://youtu.be/q7lLhtE96a8" target="_blank">Episode 10: Vol. 90, No. 1, Summer 2011</a>
African Americans
American Civil War
Antebellum Florida
Auburn system
bishops
civil rights
Coleman F. Carroll
Confederacy
Confederate States of America
Confederates
Connie Lester
crime against property
crime against public order and morality
crime against the person
crimes
criminal justice
CSA
Daniel S. Murphree
desegregation
Federal Writers Project
FHQ
FHS
Florida Atlantic University
Florida Historical Quarterly
Florida Historical Society
Harry T. Moore
Harry Tyson Moore
indigenous
integration
Irvin D. S. Winsboro
James M. Denham
Judeo-Christian
KKK
Ku Klux Klan
law enforcement
laws
Mark Newman
Miami
Miami bombings
Michael Gannon
Mike Denham
Nation Magazine
Native Americans
New Deal
New York System
Palmetto Country
penitentiaries
penitentiary systems
Pensacola
prosecutions
punishments
race
race relations
racism
Raymond A. Mohl
Reconstruction
religions
research
Robert Cassanello
Roman Catholicism
Roman Catholics
seamen
segregation
sheriffs
social history
South Florida
Southern Exposure: Making the South Safe for Democracy
Spanish
Stetson Kennedy
storytelling
The Jim Crow Guide
The Pensacola Gazette
The Pittsburgh Courier
U.S. Marshals
violence
Vivian Miller
William B. Mack
William H. Hunt
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Florida Historical Quarterly Podcasts Collection
Alternative Title
FHQ Podcast Collection
Description
The <em>Florida Historical Quarterly </em>is the academic journal published four times per year by the Florida Historical Society in cooperation with the Department of History at the University of Central Florida. Each issue features peer-reviewed articles focusing on a wide variety of topics related to Florida history.
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>.
Language
eng
Type
Collection
Coverage
Florida
Contributing Project
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>
Curator
Burke, Mike
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/default" target="_blank">Florida Historical Society</a>
External Reference
"<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank">Florida Historical Quarterly</a>." Florida Historical Society. https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly.
"<a href="http://fhq.cah.ucf.edu" target="_blank">The Florida Historical Quarterly</a>." College of Arts and Humanities, University of Central Florida. http://fhq.cah.ucf.edu.
Sound/Podcast
A resource whose content is primarily intended to be rendered as audio.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Florida Historical Quarterly, Episode 8: Vol. 89, No. 3, Winter 2011
Alternative Title
Florida Historical Quarterly, Ep. 8
Subject
Gainesville (Fla.)
Colleges
Universities
Education--Florida
Race relations--United States
Civil rights movements--Florida
Description
This podcast features an interview with Jessica Clawson, a graduate student at the University of Florida, about her article "Administrative Recalcitrance and Government Intervention: Desegregation at the University of Florida, 1962-1972," which appeared in this issue of <em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em>. The article concerns the racial integration of UF in the 1960s and 1970s.
Type
Sound
Source
Original 20-minute and 8-second audio podcast by Connie Lester and Robert Cassanello, 2011: <a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>, Florida Historical Society, Cocoa, Florida.
Requires
Multimedia software, such as <a href="http://www.apple.com/quicktime/download/" target="_blank"> QuickTime</a>.
Is Part Of
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>, Florida Historical Society, Cocoa, Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/collections/show/184" target="_blank">Florida Historical Quarterly Podcast Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida.
Coverage
University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
Creator
Lester, Connie L.
Cassanello, Robert
Publisher
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>
Contributor
Clawson, Jessica
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/default" target="_blank">Florida Historical Society</a>
<a href="http://history.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">University of Central Florida, Department of History</a>
Date Created
2011
Date Issued
2011
Date Copyrighted
2011
Format
audio/mp3
Extent
18.4 MB
Medium
20-minute and 8-second audio podcast
Language
eng
Mediator
History Teacher
Civics/Government Teacher
Provenance
Originally created by Connie Lester and Robert Cassanello and published by the <a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>.
Rights Holder
Copyright to this resource is held by the <a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/default" target="_blank">Florida Historical Society</a> and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only.
Accrual Method
Donation
Contributing Project
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>
Curator
Burke, Mike
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/default" target="_blank">Florida Historical Society</a>
External Reference
Clawson, Jessica. "<a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/23035878" target="_blank">Administrative Recalcitrance and Government Intervention: Desegregation at the University of Florida, 1962-1972</a>." <em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em> 89, no. 3 (2011): 347-74. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23035878.
De La Cova, Antonio Rafael. "<a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/23035876" target="_blank">Cuban Exiles in Key West during the Ten Years' War, 1868-1878</a>." <em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em> 89, no. 3 (2011): 287-319. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23035876.
Jarvis, Eric. "<a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/23035877" target="_blank">'Secrecy Has No Excuse': The Florida Land Boom, Tourism, and the 1926 Smallpox Epidemic in Tampa and Miami</a>." <em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em> 89, no. 3 (2011): 320-46. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23035877.
Click to View (Movie, Podcast, or Website)
<a href="https://youtu.be/PcpiNuCW3FY" target="_blank">Episode 8: Vol. 89, No. 3, Winter 2011</a>
activism
African Americans
anti-war movement
Antonio Rafael de la Cova
Black Freedom Movement
Black Student Union
C. Farris Bryant
Cecil Farris Bryant
civil rights
Civil Rights Movement
colleges
Connie Lester
Cuban Americans
Cubans
desegregation
diversity
Eric Jarvis
evolution
exiles
FHQ
Florida Historical Quarterly
Florida land boom
Florida Legislative Investigation Committee
Florida Legislature
Florida Supreme court
Gainesville
gay
gay liberation movement
GLBT
Great War
Hamilton Holt
higher education
homosexuality
homosexuals
integration
J. Wayne Reitz
Jessica Clawson
Johns Committee
Joseph Crespino
Julius Wayne Reitz
Kent State shootings
Key West
land-grant universities
land-grant university
LeRoy Collins
LGBT
Miami
peace movement
pox
private education
private university
public education
public university
race relations
red plague
Robert Cassanello
Rollins College
segregation
smallpox
Stephen C. O'Connell
Stephen Cornelius O'Connell
Stephen O'Connell
student movement
student protests
Supreme Court of Florida
Tampa
Ten Years' War
Thomas LeRoy Collins
tourism
UF
University of Florida
Variola vera
Virgil D. Hawkins
War of '68
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Florida Historical Quarterly Podcasts Collection
Alternative Title
FHQ Podcast Collection
Description
The <em>Florida Historical Quarterly </em>is the academic journal published four times per year by the Florida Historical Society in cooperation with the Department of History at the University of Central Florida. Each issue features peer-reviewed articles focusing on a wide variety of topics related to Florida history.
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>.
Language
eng
Type
Collection
Coverage
Florida
Contributing Project
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>
Curator
Burke, Mike
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/default" target="_blank">Florida Historical Society</a>
External Reference
"<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank">Florida Historical Quarterly</a>." Florida Historical Society. https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly.
"<a href="http://fhq.cah.ucf.edu" target="_blank">The Florida Historical Quarterly</a>." College of Arts and Humanities, University of Central Florida. http://fhq.cah.ucf.edu.
Sound/Podcast
A resource whose content is primarily intended to be rendered as audio.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Florida Historical Quarterly, Episode 5: Vol. 88, No. 4, Spring 2010
Alternative Title
Florida Historical Quarterly, Ep. 5
Subject
Gainesville (Fla.)
Miami (Fla.)
Coral Gables (Fla.)
Universities
Football--Florida
Sports--Florida
Description
This podcast features an interview with Derrick E. White, Assistant Professor of History at Florida Atlantic University. He wrote an article that appeared in this issue of <em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em>, titled "From Desegregation to Integration: Race, Football, and 'Dixie' at the University of Florida." This article is about Confederate memory and racial integration at Florida universities during the 1960s.
Type
Sound
Source
Original 19-minute and 17-second audio podcast by Connie Lester and Robert Cassanello, 2010: <a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>, Florida Historical Society, Cocoa, Florida.
Requires
Multimedia software, such as <a href="http://www.apple.com/quicktime/download/" target="_blank"> QuickTime</a>.
Is Part Of
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>, Florida Historical Society, Cocoa, Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/collections/show/184" target="_blank">Florida Historical Quarterly Podcast Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida.
Coverage
University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida
Creator
Lester, Connie L.
Cassanello, Robert
Publisher
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>
Contributor
White, Derrick E.
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/default" target="_blank">Florida Historical Society</a>
<a href="http://history.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">University of Central Florida, Department of History</a>
Date Created
2010
Date Issued
2010
Date Copyrighted
2010
Format
audio/mp3
Extent
17.6 MB
Medium
19-minute and 17-second audio podcast
Language
eng
Mediator
History Teacher
Provenance
Originally created by Connie Lester and Robert Cassanello and published by the <a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>.
Rights Holder
Copyright to this resource is held by the <a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/default" target="_blank">Florida Historical Society</a> and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only.
Accrual Method
Donation
Contributing Project
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/quarterly" target="_blank"><em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em></a>
Curator
Burke, Mike
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="https://myfloridahistory.org/default" target="_blank">Florida Historical Society</a>
External Reference
White, Derrick E. "<a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/29765122" target="_blank">From Desegregation to Integration: Race, Football, and "Dixie" at the University of Florida</a>." <em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em> 88, no. 4 (2010): 469-96. http://www.jstor.org/stable/29765122.
Nelson, David. "<a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/29765121" target="_blank">When Modern Tourism Was Born: Florida at the World Fairs and on the World Stage in the 1930s</a>." <em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em> 88, no. 4 (2010): 435-68. http://www.jstor.org/stable/29765121.
Hulse, Thomas. "<a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/29765123" target="_blank">Military Slave Rentals, the Construction of Army Fortifications, and the Navy Yard in Pensacola, Florida, 1824-1863</a>." <em>The Florida Historical Quarterly</em> 88, no. 4 (2010): 497-539. http://www.jstor.org/stable/29765123.
Click to View (Movie, Podcast, or Website)
<a href="https://youtu.be/oHknwJ70a_s" target="_blank">Episode 5: Vol. 88, No. 4, Spring 2010</a>
Army
civil rights
Civil Rights Movement
Confederacy
Confederates
Connie Lester
construction
Coral Gables
David Nelson
demographics
demography
Derrick E. White
desegregation
Dixie
Dixie's Land
education
extracurricular
FDOA
FHQ
Florida Department of Agriculture
Florida Historical Quarterly
football
fortifications
forts
Gainesville
Great Depression
I Wish I Was in Dixie
integration
LeRoy Collins
Miami
military slave rentals
music
Navy
Navy Yards
Old South
Pensacola
Pensacola Navy Yard
race relations
Robert Cassanello
segregation
slavery
slaves
songs
sporting
sports
Sun Belt
Thomas Hulse
Thomas LeRoy Collins
tourism
UA
UF
UM
University of Alabama
University of Florida
University of Miami
World Fair
-
https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/e8a26e74724981cfa15583e0812b03ec.mp3
19a079928d14ad551d93167f12df0077
https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/a54351957504fd4193ab5d7421ba1114.pdf
79e25fd5559a428ff09744265f759e0a
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Oviedo Historical Society Collection
Alternative Title
Oviedo Historical Society Collection
Subject
Oviedo (Fla).
Description
The Oviedo Historical Society Collection encompasses historical artifacts donated for digitization at the Oviedo Historical Society's History Harvest in the Spring semester of 2015.
The Oviedo Historical Society was organized in November 1973 by a group of citizens. The society is a 501(3) non-profit organization. Its purpose is to help preserve the community identity of Oviedo by collecting and disseminating knowledge about local history, serve as a repository for documents and artifacts relating to Oviedo history, promote the preservation and marking of historic sites and buildings in the Oviedo area and foster interest in local, state, national, and world history.
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/128" target="_blank">Oviedo Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
Language
eng
Type
Collection
Coverage
Oviedo, Florida
Contributing Project
<a href="http://oviedohs.com/" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society</a>
<a href="http://history.cah.ucf.edu/staff.php?id=304" target="_blank">Dr. Connie L. Lester</a>'s Introduction to Public History course, Spring 2015
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
External Reference
"<a href="http://oviedohs.com/" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society</a>." Oviedo Historical Society, Inc. http://oviedohs.com/.
Adicks, Richard, and Donna M. Neely. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5890131" target="_blank"><em>Oviedo, Biography of a Town</em></a>. S.l: s.n.], 1979.
Robison, Jim. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/796757419" target="_blank"><em>Around Oviedo</em></a>. 2012.
"<a href="http://www.cityofoviedo.net/node/68" target="_blank">History</a>." City of Oviedo, Florida. http://www.cityofoviedo.net/node/68.
"<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/audio/Ep41-Oviedo.mp3" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 41: Oviedo, with Dr. Richard Adicks</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/audio/Ep41-Oviedo.mp3.
Oral History
A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge.
Interviewer
Dobson, Alexandra
Interviewee
Blackwood, Bernie
Location
<a href="http://oviedohs.com/" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society</a>, Oviedo, Florida
Original Format
1 audio recording
Duration
30 minutes and 21 seconds
Bit Rate/Frequency
128kbps
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Oral History of Bernie Blackwood
Alternative Title
Oral History, Blackwood
Subject
Oviedo (Fla.)
St. Petersburg (Fla.)
Real estate--United States
City planning--Florida
Construction
Description
An oral history interview of Bernard O. Blackwood, conducted by Alexandra Dobson on March 19, 2015. Blackwood was born on April 9, 1933, and attended the University of Florida (UF) in Gainesville, Florida. After graduating from college, Blackwood migrated to St. Petersburg with his wife, Suzanne A. Blackwood, to work as a city planner. In the 1970s, the couple moved to Oviedo with their children. There, Blackwood helped plan several residential subdivisions alongside Ben Ward, Jr. Interview topics include land development, the effects of Florida Technological University (present-day University of Central Florida), Blackwood's wife and children, Ben Ward's contributions to the community, desegregation and the Civil Rights Movement in St. Petersburg, and his career as a city planner.
Table Of Contents
<br />0:00:00 Introduction <br />0:01:48 Land development <br />0:04:07 Florida Technological University and the Oviedo Land Group <br />0:07:51 Migration to Oviedo and working with Ben Ward, Jr. <br />0:13:30 Wife and children <br />0:14:29 Population growth and Florida Technological University <br />0:18:39 Ben Ward’s contributions to the community <br />0:19:24 Blackwood Construction Corporation and Lutheran Haven <br />0:20:25 Schools and desegregation in St. Petersburg <br />0:21:57 St. Petersburg and career as a city planner
Abstract
Oral history interview of Bernard “Bernie” O. Blackwood. Interview conducted by Alexandra Dobson at Blackwood's home in Mead Manor in Oviedo, Florida, on March 19, 2015.
Type
Sound
Source
Blackwood, Bernie Interviewed by Alexandra Dobson, March 19, 2015. Audio record available. Oviedo History Harvest, <a href="http://oviedohs.com/" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society</a>, Oviedo, Florida.
Requires
<a href="http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer/" target="_blank"> Adobe Flash Player</a>
<a href="http://java.com/en/download/index.jsp" target="_blank"> Java</a>
<a href="https://get.adobe.com/reader/" target="_blank">Adobe Acrobat Reader</a>
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/147" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society Collection</a>, History Harvest Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
Has Format
20-page digital transcript of original 30-minute and 21-second oral history: Blackwood, Bernie Interviewed by Alexandra Dobson, March 19, 2015. Audio record available. Oviedo History Harvest, <a href="http://oviedohs.com/" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society</a>, Oviedo, Florida.
Coverage
Mead Manor, Oviedo, Florida
St. Petersburg, Florida
Creator
Blackwood, Bernie
Dobson, Alexandra
Publisher
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>
Date Created
2015-03-19
Date Modified
2016-01-05
Date Copyrighted
2015-03-19
Format
audio/mp3
application/pdf
Extent
27.7 MB
198 KB
Medium
30-minute and 21-second audio recording
20-page digital transcript
Language
eng
Mediator
History Teacher
Economics Teacher
Provenance
Originally created by Bernard “Bernie” O. Blackwood and Alexandra Dobson, and published by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>.
Rights Holder
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>
Accrual Method
Item Creation
Contributing Project
<a href="http://oviedohs.com/" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society</a>
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>
External Reference
"<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/5278" target="_blank">Mead Manor Brings New Lifestyle to Oviedo</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/5278.
"<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/audio/Ep41-Oviedo.mp3" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 41: Oviedo, with Dr. Richard Adicks</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/audio/Ep41-Oviedo.mp3.
Transcript
<p><strong>Dobson<br /></strong>This is an oral history interview of Bernie<a title="">[1]</a> [O.] Blackwood. Interview is conducted by Alexandra Dobson at the Blackwood home in Oviedo, Florida, on the 19<sup>th</sup> of March, 2015. Inter—interview topics include Oviedo, Mead Manor, and that’s it.</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>Well, my name’s Bernie Blackwood, and my association with Oviedo began in the early [19]50s. I was a student at Gainesville,<a title="">[2]</a> and I had a roommate named Bob Ward, who was a native of Oviedo, and I came to Oviedo on occasions on weekend with Bob, and got to know a little bit about the area. It was so different from my, uh, little home town in North Florida. I saw orange groves and celery fields and stuff, to—tobacco fields, uh—shade[?] tobacco fields it was up there, but, um, when I finished at Gainesville, I went right to work. I had a job waiting in Saint Petersburg[, Florida], and, uh, Bob and I kept in contact over the years, and through Bob I had met his brother, Ben Ward—Ben Ward, Jr., and, uh, we’d been in St. Pete four or five years. I—I guess it was around 1963 when Ben called me—Ben Ward, Bob’s brother—and said he was developing a subdivision. He and a group of, uh, investors and businesspeople here in O—Oviedo were developing a subdivision, and they had started, but they’d ran into a few troubles, and he knew I—through Bob—knew had a little—had—I had a little experience in land planning.</p>
<p>So he asked me if I’d come up, take a look at what he had, and I was glad to do it, because it gave me a chance to visit Bob, and Ben brought me out. it’s a 40-acre site in— northeast, uh, Oviedo—beautiful piece of land—and made it clear to me to—to begin with they wanted large lots, nice home sites, and the group of, uh, investors and businesspeople, who, uh, put their money up for this project, wanted the same thing. They wanted to grow Oviedo and they knew there was nothing in Oviedo, at that time. No lots available, really. I don’t think there’d been any residential lots added in Oviedo since probably the early 1900s, and—so I went to work on the plan, and, uh, came up with something that they agreed with.</p>
<p>Oh, I’m getting a little ahead of myself maybe, because they had actually started—they had, uh, put the group together, and they had paved a little section of Mead Drive, which is the entrance off of Division Street into Mead Manor, at that time, Three or four hundred—two or three hundred feet, I’d say, and then it made a right turn into a little cul-de-sac, and they had, uh—[<em>laughs</em>] they didn’t know quite where to go from there, because they had three—three swampy areas—little ponds in the 40 acres. So we developed a plan, uh, around those ponds, uh, with nice size lots and streets running around, and, uh, they approved the plan and, [<em>clears throat</em>] I came up one weekend—one Saturday with an engineer friend of my from St. Pete, and, uh, the streets had been, uh, cleared, and we shot grades, went back to St. Pete, and did a cut-and-fill plan, and presented that to the group, and they went from there and started developing the subdivision.</p>
<p>And the—they paved the streets, they put in paved streets with gutters, and they had a water system in Oviedo at that time, so it was on a water system, and the, uh, next, uh—next thing we knew, uh—I should say that before they started this project, there was no kno—knowledge of FTU<a title="">[4]</a> locating five miles south of Oviedo. It, eh—I asked Ben later, and he said “No,” uh, “We didn’t know it,” and I thought they were crazy, at the time, for—for footing this kind of subdivision and—and—[<em>laughs</em>] out in Oviedo with just a little crossroads farm community, and I didn’t know where the people were going to come from, and Ben said, “Oh, they’ll come.” He was an eternal optimist, and the next thing I knew, I read—read in <em>The St. Pete</em>[<em>rsburg</em>]<em> Times</em> where FTU was locating five miles south of Oviedo. So I began to be a little more interested in what was going on, and they began selling the lots. First lot they sold in here—or maybe the second one—uh, I know it was the first person from the university—was a man named Phil Gorey[sp] and he was a, um—one of the administrative people under Millican—Dr. [Charles Norman] Millican, and the, uh—the subdivision took off rather slowly, but they were selling lots. A lot across the street there was, uh—was, uh, [Joe] Gomez, uh…</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>He was a professor out there.</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>Yeah, What’s the first, uh…</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>Joe.</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>Uh…</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>Joe.</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>Joe. Yeah, Joe Gomez. He was a comptroller out at the university, and, uh, there were three or four, five, six—I mean, there half a dozen, at least, uh, different professors that started buying lots out, and some of them still here, like me [<em>laughs</em>]. I’m not a professor [<em>laughs</em>], um, and as the lots started selling, the land group—Oviedo Land Group was the name of the, uh—of the, corpora—or the company that Ben Ward put together, and the investors in it—I could—I can recall most of ‘em, I think. There was, uh, Frank Wheeler, John Evans, uh, I think Mr. Roy Clonts, probably, um…</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>Beleren[sp]?</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>Who?</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>Bob[?] Beleren? Was he one of ‘em?</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>No, no, not, uh, not, uh…</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>Okay.</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>Uh, uh…</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>Martin?</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>Bill…</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>Bill…</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>Martin?</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>Yeah, Bill Martin and John Evans. I might have…</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>Said him before, but anyway, it was a group of local businessmen and there were five or six of ‘em. I met with them a couple times, and, uh, didn’t really know them at—at all. I have since gotten to know them all, one time or another, and, uh—so they decided to buy another 40 acres just, uh, to the north of the first unit, and, uh I—again, I did a layout for them, and Ben developed it, and so it made a total of 80 acres here in Oviedo, and I—I’d be glad to drive you around and show you if you’d like to see it. Some of the developers’ve[sic] been dead, but during this time, Ben was still planning ahead and the next thing—he had a project. Another, uh—I think it was another 40 acres, and—and they—we worked up a subdivision for him on that—a layout, and it’s called [inaudible] Garden Grove. It’s right near here.</p>
<p>And, [<em>clears throat</em>] by that time, Ben, eh—he was originally—he had an insurance business, and, uh, uh—and a real estate brokerage business, and he was getting interested into building and construction. He said, “I’ve got all these lots. I might as well build some houses.” So he offered—gave me—he said, “Why don’t you come up and join me, and we’ll form a corporation and build—build a few houses,” and the idea appealed to me, but leaving my secure place in St. Pete—position I had and so forth—uh, it took a lot of soul searching, and I guess it—I probably thought about it for two or three years ‘fore—and, in the meantime, Ben and I were still working together on—on the projects up here, and, uh, I finally made the decision. <em>I’ve gotta do it. I want to do it. </em>I’d always been interested in construction and had some experience in that, and my[?]—my family wasn’t too eager about it at first.</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>[<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>The kids—I had a, uh, son<a title="">[5]</a> that was in the third grade and going—would be going into the fourth grade, and a daughter in the sixth grade, I believe, but they finally came around, and we moved up here, uh, second day of September, 1972. Went to work about the very next day and…</p>
<p>[<em>phone rings</em>]</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>The kids start…</p>
<p>[<em>phone rings</em>]</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>The kids started school the very next day after we got here, I think, and my family adjusted. They just loved Oviedo, and Sue<a title="">[6]</a> was a city girl. Sue was from Jacksonville.</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>[<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>And she didn’t think she wanted to move to Oviedo from St. Petersburg. We all loved St. Petersburg. I did too, but, um, we found Oviedo to be—the people here were the most gracious, welcoming. we never felt like a stranger, and part of that maybe was, because I came here with Ben Ward, who—his dad was a celery grower, and, uh, had—had groves here in town, and Ben had some land, and—quite a bit of land in and around Oviedo, and, uh, so we—we went from there. We started building houses, and, uh, Ben and I were together, uh, for four years, I think, and his interests were—was on development—land development, and mine…</p>
<p>[<em>phone beeps</em>]</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>Was more in construction, and I didn’t have the deep pockets to go into land development [<em>laughs</em>], but Ben, uh—he had a vision for this—for this little town, and he—he wanted to—nothing but quality development, and he was the only one developing land in Oviedo, and he was always, I thought, a little ahead of the market, and it was, uh—it cost him financially, but he did it, and after we, uh—we split, we remained friends, and met on a weekly basis and compared what each of us was doin’, until he passed away in—I think he passed away in ‘99, and [<em>coughs</em>] I never—I feel he never deserved the credit he did—he deserved—for what he did for this little town, because you can look around he—he’s re—responsible for Mead Manor, Garden Grove, Whispering Oaks….</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>Uh, Hill—Hillcrest, uh, Farms—I think was the name of it.</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>Uh, Windmilll…</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>Windmill Farms.</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>Farms.</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>Those were residential, uh, develops here.</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>How about Oviedo Oaks?</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>No, no, he didn’t—he didn’t develop that.</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>Hm.</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>Uh, and he also started—he did some commer—a couple of commercial projects. one of ‘em was, uh, Westwood Square. It was a commercial/industrial, uh, zoning area, and, uh, it’s completely built out now. Uh, do you know where, uh, Toucan—what—no, it’s—what’s the Spanish…</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>Habanero’s [Mexican Grill].</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>Habanero’s.</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>You know where that is?</p>
<p><strong>Dobson<br /></strong>I drove by it.</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>That was part of Westwood Square. All of those b—back in there was developed, and there was nothing out there at the time—nothing, and nothing between there and Oviedo [<em>laughs</em>], and…</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>One little gas station.</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>Yeah, the—the, uh, Tiger—Tiger Station.</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>We called it, and, uh, then there’s another, uh, I believe it’s called Oviedo Office Park up to your—on [Florida State Road] 426 between Westwood Square and the city limits—what was the city limits then—or the high school, say—and it’s a very nice commercial development, and it had doctor’s offices, uh, and that—that type of commu—uh, development, and, like I say, we—we came here—we’ve been here for 43 years now, and I could never move Sue from—get her out of this house or out of this city.</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>[<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>She loves it and the kids love it. My daughter lives in Tallahassee, and, uh, she—she’s down here quite often. My son works with me, or did work with me. He runs the business now. I’m just—I’m retired. I go in and aggravate him every day a little bit [<em>laughs</em>]. Uh, I don’t know. Do you have any questions from there? I’d be glad to drive you around a little Oviedo and show you some of these projects if you have the time…</p>
<p><strong>Dobson<br /></strong>Okay.</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>Or the inclination.</p>
<p><strong>Dobson<br /></strong>Sure, thank you.</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>Take her to, um, Whispering Oaks, ‘cuz that’s…</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>Really…</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>Well, they’re all nice.</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>Really, pretty, yes, Whispering Oaks has beautiful trees, but…</p>
<p><strong>Dobson<br /></strong>Um…</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>Have I missed anything Sue?</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>I don’t’ think so. I think—I was amazed at how well you [<em>laughs</em>]…</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>Uh…</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>Covered everything.</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>Well, you know, that’s—that’s about it with, uh, my—my interests in Oviedo. It was…</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>I…</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>Was primarily building. I built all these years and…</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>Do you know what the population was when we moved here?</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>I should’ve…</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>[inaudible].</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>Gone into that. It was about 2000, and, uh, it was about the same when I visited 10 years earlier. It hadn’t grown a bit. I don’t think it grew a bit from—I should’ve included this in it—from the ‘30s and on up to the ‘60s, and this development right here<a title="">[7]</a> was what started the growth in Oviedo, uh, after—after, um—no. I guess it was the edges[?] of [inaudible], uh, track builders started coming into Oviedo. The, uh, uh, Jacobs brothers owned two thousand acres of land where O—where Alafaya Woods is now and that area over there, uh—Twin Rivers and that area. They sold it to a group in Atlanta in the early [19]70s, and Bob pretty well fell out of construction for a while there, and nothin’, eh—I don’t know if that company went bankrupt or what, but they sold it to the Anden Group, and the Anden Group is a group that developed Alafaya Woods [<em>clears throat</em>], and it was a little bit, uh—it was, uh, a different type development than what Ben had been developing. I think he’d be surprised today if he knew how, um—he felt that—that Oviedo never had, uh—be, uh, anything but small, rural community [inaudible] with good home sites. ‘Course he knew, and I knew too, that when the university located there, sooner or later it was gonna affect Oviedo in a big way [<em>coughs</em>], and it did, but, uh…</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>Is—is Tom Phillips next door still teaching?</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>Yeah, he’s a professor over—no. he’s not teaching, but he’s retired.</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>He’s retired? Okay.</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>That’s—that’s probably…</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>We were surrounded by them.</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>Yeah, when we first moved here, the—‘course, this was, you know—all the professors had kids and we had kids, and it’s, uh, changed a couple times since then. You’ve got, uh, uh, older families that moved out, newer families with kids that moved in, and, uh, and, uh, and we’ve stuck—stuck here [<em>laughs</em>] all those years, but, um, we’ve seen the growth in Oviedo from two thousand to…</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>What? 35,000 now, probably.</p>
<p><strong>Dobson<br /></strong>Do you think it was just the university that did that, or…</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>Pretty…</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>Well…</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>Pretty much.</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>It, uh—pretty much, I think. The [Central Florida] Research Park out there—and of course, it—it—Oviedo [<em>clears throat</em>]—it grew to be a—it had a very good school system.<a title="">[8]</a> I should’ve mentioned that. When—when we moved here, my son was going into the fourth grade, and we—he went to a school right across from where we lived, practically, in St Pete. He could walk to school, and they had gotten into the new, uh—let the kid reach his potential, don’t push him, don’t push him.</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>And…</p>
<p><strong>Unidentified<br /></strong>[<em>clears throat</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>I went and talked with the teacher about it, and—“Oh, Scott’s doin’ fine,” And it didn’t…</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>[<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>Seem to me that he was doin’ fine, and she said, “Oh, no, no. he’s fine.” Well, when we got here, he had teachers like Ms. [Margeurite] Partin.</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>Partin Elementary [School] was named after her, and she was a wonderful teacher.</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>And Ms. Gore, and s—same teachers that taught Ben Ward, and Bob Ward—that group. They were still there, and she went to work on Scott and brought him up to speed. He didn’t—he didn’t even know his multiplication tables, and [<em>laughs</em>]…</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>Does now [<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>And all of the kids here did, but she—she put him to work on ‘em and you[?]—he learned real quick[sic], and caught up, and did alright, But it—it was just a great place to raise your kids, and, uh, I—I just can’t say enough about the—the town and about—about the guy that really got it goin’.</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>Ben Ward.</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>I think so too.</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>You get the chance to give him a plug—he’s long gone. his wife still lives here in Ovi—in, uh, Mead Manor, and his kids—he has one—one kid that lives in Tuscawilla and the rest of ‘em are scattered around.</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>Tuscawilla was not here at all when we moved here.</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>Well, it was too. It was one road…</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>[inaudible].</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>Called Dyson Road<a title="">[9]</a> comin’ off of, uh, Tuskawilla Road—Dyson—and they had…</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>Dyson, yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>They—they just started developing a few lots there. That’s a beautiful sub—one of my favorite subdivisions. The area is Tuscawilla.</p>
<p><strong>Dobson<br /></strong>Mm, what kinds of things has Blackwood Construction [Corporation] done?</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>We did primarily single-family and, uh, small commercial. We did, uh, dental office for Bob Beleren over in Winter Springs[, Florida], and that sort of thing, but we built over 500—we’ve got—I think we got…</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>563 [<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>Well, some of ‘em weren’t—some of ‘em in the recent years have just been small jobs…</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>And Lutheran Haven. mention Lutheran Haven.</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>Yeah, we did—we built most of Lutheran Haven projects out of, uh—duplexes.</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>You’ve probably passed Lutheran Haven on your way in. Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Dobson<br /></strong>Could be…</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>Hm.</p>
<p><strong>Dobson<br /></strong>I’m not sure.</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>[inaudible].</p>
<p><strong>Dobson<br /></strong>I’m really not that familiar [<em>laughs</em>]…</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>It’s a big Lutheran church, and they—it has a retirement for us—little du—duplexes.</p>
<p><strong>Dobson<br /></strong>Okay.</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>Its’ a…</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>Its’ a…</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>And a—and a, uh, nursing home now. Uh, we could even—if you’ve got time, I’ll drive you all over. show you—show you a little bit of Oviedo.</p>
<p><strong>Dobson<br /></strong>Okay [<em>laughs</em>], Thank you.</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>Don’t want to live here? [<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Dobson<br /></strong>Yeah [<em>laughs</em>]. Um, I actually moved to Orlando from St. Pete for the same reasons.</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>Oh, my goodness.</p>
<p><strong>Dobson<br /></strong>[<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>Oh, really?</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>[<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Dobson<br /></strong>To get my son in a better school.</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>Aww.</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>Aw, really?</p>
<p><strong>Dobson<br /></strong>Yeah, I don’t…</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>Well, you know, we thought the schools there were just great, ‘til we moved here.</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>Well, I didn’t think they were great, because I didn’t think our—our boy was learning anything.</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>Yeah, well…</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>And—and another thing, uh, we got caught up right in the Civil Rights [Movement]—we—you know where Bay Vista Elementary [School] is?</p>
<p><strong>Dobson<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>We lived within a block of Bay Vista, at that time, and the kids walked to school, and it was a fairly new school then, and, uh, eh, I think, 11 or—yeah, she was in the fifth grade when all the civil rights—and they started bussing kids, and she got bussed to the school right in the middle of St.—black school in the middle of St. Pete.</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>I don’t remember what the school was—the— the name of the school.</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>I don’t remember.</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>But [<em>laughs</em>] it—it, uh—it was only for that one year, and she got along fine.</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>Yeah, she did.</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>She didn’t have any problems, but…</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>She—she made some good friends there.</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>It just didn’t make sense to take kids that [<em>laughs</em>] could walk to school and pay a bus to drive them somewhere else.</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>[<em>laughs</em>] It was probably a good experience.</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>Well, you [inaudible]—how—how long did you live in St. Pete?</p>
<p><strong>Dobson<br /></strong>Uh, five or six years.</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>You weren’t born there then?</p>
<p><strong>Dobson<br /></strong>No.</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>From when to when?</p>
<p><strong>Dobson<br /></strong>Uh, it was recent. I’ve been in Orlando for three years.</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>Three years?</p>
<p><strong>Dobson<br /></strong>Yes.</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>Oh, well, you saw—you’ve seen the downtown area really change.</p>
<p><strong>Dobson<br /></strong>Yes, it has [<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>We—we—I graduated on Saturday night, and we packed up everything, and we had. I met Sue at [the University of] Florida her—her senior year [<em>laughs</em>], and…</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>Just about.</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>And, uh, we packed up everything. We—we got married, uh, my last semester there. we got married, and she’d graduated the semester ‘fore I did. She’s smarter than I am.</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>[<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>And we moved to St. Pete on Sunday, and I started work Monday. I was, uh—I worked as a city planner for 14 years ‘fore I came here.</p>
<p><strong>Dobson<br /></strong>Wow. What kind of things did you do?</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>What kind of work?</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>Well, uh, we—are—are you—if you’re familiar with the parks system in Oviedo—just to give you an example—uh, in, uh, St. Pete, um—Southside Park—you know the 40-acre park down Lakewood Elementary [School]?</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>And all of that? That was a plan that we came up with. Oh, oh—we developed a five-year pl—plan. We had a great city manager named Lynn [H.] Andrews, from about the time I went there until he left in ‘69, and he had a—a capital improvement program—a five-year, capital improvement program, and every year, they would, uh, budget certain projects, and at the end of the year, you’d see if the money was spent right on those projects [inaudible]. He—he’d project the five years another year, but he adjusted every year during that five years, and, uh, he built the, uh—had the, uh—Bayfront Center was built, the museum downtown, the waterfront—the city park of the waterfront, Northeast Park, there was all developed while he was there. The pier—inverted pier—was built, and I was all part of all that, and it was just interesting and fun, until he left, and we got another manager, and I just did not enjoy working anymore.</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>Oh.</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>That’s how I happened to come here.</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>I think that was the time to come here.</p>
<p><strong>Dobson<br /></strong>What was civil rights like in St. Pete? What was your experience with it?</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>Well, uh, my main experience—it was no problem. 16<sup>th</sup> Street was kind of, uh—they[?] had their riots and things during the time.</p>
<p><strong>Dobson<br /></strong>They still do [<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood</strong> [<em>laughs</em>] And my main memory of it—and this was why Lynn Andrews left St. Petersburg. I’m sure. In ‘68 or ‘69 when they, um, allowed public employees to be unionized—the garbage department became unionized, and they went on strike one year, and Mr. Andrews, uh, negotiated with ‘em and got ‘em back—not a big break in service. The very next year, they went on strike again, and he—on Monday morning, they didn’t show up for work. the whole garbage department didn’t show up for work, and he gave them an ultimatum. He said that “Anyone that’s not back on the job by Thursday of this week will be permanently terminated—all benefits and everything.” Well, they—the union didn’t believe him, I guess, because a big percent—some did come back. Within a week he had completely re-staffed that from people from Georgia—different people looking for jobs. He completely re-staffed the garbage department, and a lot of employees lost their jobs, and from that point on, <em>The St. Pete Times</em> took up the position of the strikers. They marched on city hall every day, and he didn’t yield. It’s kinda like Ronald Reagan and, uh—and the, uh, uh, air [traffic] controller strike. You’re probably too young to even remember that. </p>
<p><strong>All<br /></strong>[<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>But he did the same thing, and, um, from that day on, anything that, that Lynn Andrews did—and I was privy to what was going on there, he would be lambasted in <em>The St. Pete Times</em> for it, and after about, uh, a year of that he, uh—he went back to Tex—he came to St. Pete from San Antonio, Texas, as the city manager, and he went back as the city manager of, uh, Austin, Texas. When he came to St. Pete, he brought his finance director, um, his assistant city manager, and the budget director—was, uh—that group came. When he left, they all went with him, except one, and he left the city and went to work for First Federal [Bank of Florida].</p>
<p><strong>Dobson<br /></strong>Wow, That’s impressive. Keeping your staff with you.</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>And they were good, good men, weren’t they?</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>Good men, all of ‘em. yeah, Smart men. I often said. If he’d of run for president. I woulda…</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>[<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>I woulda—he—he was firm, but he was fair, But, uh, no. We—we love St. Pete. We go back every now and then, when we get a chance. [inaudible]…</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>How many people weren’t up there anymore?</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>Yeah, most of my old buddies are gone. [<em>laughs</em>]. Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Dobson<br /></strong>It’s still a lovely place to visit.</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>Yeah, and the downtown is so—with the waterfront—is so nice now.</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>You know, I went down for a job interview, and Sue went with me, and that was before we were married. I went—I got a summer job there, and, uh [<em>laughs</em>], we drove into St Pete from—came down 30—34th Street, turned left on Central [Avenue] and got downtown, and I—we—this was in April.</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>[<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>We saw nothin’ but green benches and gray heads, and that’s quite a shock comin’ from Gainesville.</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>From Gainesville, yeah, where everybody’s young to…</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>Where everybody’s young.</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>To where everybody’s old.</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>[<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>[<em>laughs</em>] but it was a good place to live.</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>It—yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>[inaudible].</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>It—it—it had something for everybody then, but the majority—I think 25 percent of the population then was 65 or older. It had, uh—I knew at the time, the population was 180 thousand when, uh, we moved there, and I think it was about 22 5[thousand] when we left. I don’t know what it is now, but it had pretty well built out. There wasn’t much developable land in St. Pete, other than up and around Whedon’s[sic] Island area.</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>What part of St. Pete did you live in?</p>
<p><strong>Dobson<br /></strong>Um, I lived on First Avenue North and 25th Street. So…</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>25th Street? [inaudible].</p>
<p><strong>Dobson<br /></strong>Almost downtown.</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>Uh huh, al—yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>We lived almost downtown when we first moved there.</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>We had a little garage apartment, uh…</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>Right near the hos—near Mound[?] Park Hospital.</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>No, no. our garage apartment was, uh, up on the Northside.</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>Oh, that one?</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>About 26th Avenue North, and then we—we bought a, um—an old, 50-year-old apartment building down on 11th Avenue South, and I could walk to work from there—to City Hall, and we—we moved in— fixed up one unit and moved in it, and as a tenant left, we’d remodel that tenant[sic]—that unit and fix it up. Made a nice place.</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>Was your son…</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>Oh.</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>Born there?</p>
<p><strong>Dobson<br /></strong>Uh, he was born in Clearwater. I lived in Clearwater, Largo, Dunedin [<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>Oh.</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>You ever heard of Fred Marquis?</p>
<p><strong>Dobson<br /></strong>I don’t think so.</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>He was county manager there in Pinellas County for 25 years, I guess. I think he set a record for it, but he…</p>
<p><strong>Suzanne<br /></strong>[<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Blackwood<br /></strong>He—he was a planner, uh, with, uh—in St. Pete with me [<em>coughs</em>]. He came there right out of graduate school, and, uh, worked there, and we became good friends, but I hadn’t been in touch with him for years. Uh, he’s—he’s—he’s since retired.</p>
<div><br /><div>
<p><a title="">[1]</a> Bernard.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="">[2]</a> University of Florida.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="">[3]</a> Present-day University of Central Florida.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="">[4]</a> Florida Technological University.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="">[5]</a> Scott Blackwood.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="">[6]</a> Suzanne A. Blackwood.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="">[7]</a> Mead Manor.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="">[8]</a> Seminole County Public Schools (SCPS).</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="">[9]</a> Correction: Dyson Drive.</p>
</div>
</div>
11th Avenue
16th Street
1st Avenue
25th Street
34th Street
Alafaya Woods
Anden Group
Bay Vista Elementary School
Bayfront Center
Ben Ward, Jr.
Bernard O. Blackwood
Bernie Blackwood
Bill Martin
Blackwood Construction Corporation
Bob Beleren
Bob Ward
bussing
Central Avenue
Central Florida Research Park
Charles N. Millican
Charles Norman Millican
city managers
city planners
civil rights
Civil Rights Movement
colleges
construction
demonstrations
desegregation
Division Street
Downtown St. Petersburg
Dyson Drive
educators
Eleventh Avenue
First Avenue
Florida State Road 426
Florida Technological University
Frank Wheeler
Fred Marquis
FTU
Garden Grove
Gore
Habanero's Mexican Grill
integration
Joe Gomez
John Evans
labor
labor rights
land development
Lutheran Haven
Lynn H. Andrews
Marguerite Partin
Mead Drive
Mead Manor
neighborhoods
Northeast Park
Oviedo
Oviedo Land Group
Oviedo Oaks
Oviedo Office Park
Partin Elementary School
Phil Gorey
Pinellas County
professors
protesters
protests
public employees
race relations
real estate
residential developments
riots
Ronald Reagan
Ronald Wilson Reagan
Roy Clontz
Saint Petersburg
school bus
school buses
schools
Scott Blackwood
SCPS
Seminole County Public Schools
Sixteenth Street
Southside Park
SR 426
St. Pete
St. Petersburg
strikers
strikes
subdivisions
Sue Blackwood
Suzanne A. Blackwood
teachers
The St. Petersburg Times
Tiger Station
Tom Phillips
Tuscawilla
Tuskawilla Road
Twin Rivers
UCF
unionization
unions
universities
university
University of Central Florida
Westwood Square
Whispering Oaks
Windmill Farms
-
https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/68de2783eb584748a93b583d1e213e1a.pdf
6bb211a768d0527e7d8fe33ef8bc5857
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Oviedo Historical Society Collection
Alternative Title
Oviedo Historical Society Collection
Subject
Oviedo (Fla).
Description
The Oviedo Historical Society Collection encompasses historical artifacts donated for digitization at the Oviedo Historical Society's History Harvest in the Spring semester of 2015.
The Oviedo Historical Society was organized in November 1973 by a group of citizens. The society is a 501(3) non-profit organization. Its purpose is to help preserve the community identity of Oviedo by collecting and disseminating knowledge about local history, serve as a repository for documents and artifacts relating to Oviedo history, promote the preservation and marking of historic sites and buildings in the Oviedo area and foster interest in local, state, national, and world history.
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/128" target="_blank">Oviedo Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
Language
eng
Type
Collection
Coverage
Oviedo, Florida
Contributing Project
<a href="http://oviedohs.com/" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society</a>
<a href="http://history.cah.ucf.edu/staff.php?id=304" target="_blank">Dr. Connie L. Lester</a>'s Introduction to Public History course, Spring 2015
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
External Reference
"<a href="http://oviedohs.com/" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society</a>." Oviedo Historical Society, Inc. http://oviedohs.com/.
Adicks, Richard, and Donna M. Neely. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5890131" target="_blank"><em>Oviedo, Biography of a Town</em></a>. S.l: s.n.], 1979.
Robison, Jim. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/796757419" target="_blank"><em>Around Oviedo</em></a>. 2012.
"<a href="http://www.cityofoviedo.net/node/68" target="_blank">History</a>." City of Oviedo, Florida. http://www.cityofoviedo.net/node/68.
"<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/audio/Ep41-Oviedo.mp3" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 41: Oviedo, with Dr. Richard Adicks</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/audio/Ep41-Oviedo.mp3.
Oral History
A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Oral History of Bettye Jean Aulin Reagan
Alternative Title
Oral History, Reagan
Subject
Oviedo (Fla.)
Education--Florida
Description
An oral history interview of Bettye Jean Aulin Reagan, conducted by Rebecca Schwandt on April 2, 2015. Born January 27, 1934, Reagan is the granddaughter of Andrew Aulin, Sr. (1843-1918), who is credited with naming Oviedo, Florida. In this oral history, Reagan discusses growing up in Oviedo, attending school at Oviedo High School, the great technological advances that have occurred during her life, segregation and integration, her hopes and aspirations, and her family life. She also tells stories about her grandfather and talks about the history of the Aulin family, as well as the Lawtons and the Wheelers. Finally, Reagan discusses her career as an artist.
Table Of Contents
0:00:00 Introduction <br />0:00:37 Childhood memories <br />0:03:46 Childhood games and entertainment <br />0:07:29 Friends and pets <br />0:11:46 Siblings and childhood aspirations <br />0:14:27 Favorite books <br />0:17:18 Mary Alice Powell Aulin and sewing <br />0:22:17 Childhood homes <br />0:24:56 RECORDING CUTS OFF <br />0:24:59 Community events <br />0:29:36 Car accident and the local doctor <br />0:35:02 Teachers and discipline <br />0:39:19 School pranks and memories <br />0:42:05 Integration and race relations <br />0:47:30 Graduation <br />0:49:41 College education and first job <br />0:53:26 Husbands and children <br />1:02:35 History of the Aulin family <br />1:09:08 Closing remarks
Abstract
Oral history interview of Bettye Jean Aulin Reagan. Interview conducted by Rebecca Schwandt at Reagan's home in Lake Mary, Florida, on April 2, 2015.
Type
Moving Image
Source
Reagan, Bettye Jean Aulin. Interviewed by Rebecca Schwandt, April 2, 2015. Audio/video record available. Oviedo History Harvest, <a href="http://oviedohs.com/" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society</a>, Oviedo, Florida.
Requires
<a href="http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer/" target="_blank"> Adobe Flash Player</a>
<a href="http://java.com/en/download/index.jsp" target="_blank"> Java</a>
<a href="https://get.adobe.com/reader/" target="_blank">Adobe Acrobat Reader</a>
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/147" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society Collection</a>, Oviedo Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
Has Format
28-page digital transcript of original 1-hour, 14-minute and 19-second oral history: Reagan, Bettye Jean Aulin. Interviewed by Rebecca Schwandt, April 2, 2015. Audio/video record available. Oviedo History Harvest, <a href="http://oviedohs.com/" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society</a>, Oviedo, Florida.
Coverage
Oviedo, Florida
Sanford, Florida
Lake Mary, Florida
Creator
Reagan, Bettye Jean Aulin
Schwandt, Rebecca
Publisher
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>
Date Created
2015-04-02
Date Modified
2016-01-20
Date Copyrighted
2015-04-02
Format
video/mp4
application/pdf
Extent
482 MB
270 KB
Medium
1-hour, 14-minute and 19-second audio/video recording
28-page digital transcript
Language
eng
Mediator
History Teacher
Provenance
Originally created by Julia Bettye Jean Aulin Reagan and Rebecca Schwandt, and published by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>.
Rights Holder
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>
Accrual Method
Item Creation
Contributing Project
<a href="http://oviedohs.com/" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society</a>
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>
External Reference
"<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/6207" target="_blank">Joseph Lawton, October 18, 1753 - March 1815</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/6207.
"<a href="http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=69149825" target="_blank">Andrew Aulin</a>." Find A Grave. http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=69149825.
"<a href="http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1993-01-13/news/9301130107_1_oviedo-sanford-grandchildren" target="_blank">MARY ALICE AULIN, 83, Myrtle Avenue, Oviedo, died Tuesday...</a>" <em>The Orlando Sentinel</em>, January 13, 1993. http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1993-01-13/news/9301130107_1_oviedo-sanford-grandchildren.
Adicks, Richard, and Donna M. Neely. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5890131" target="_blank"><em>Oviedo, Biography of a Town</em></a>. S.l: s.n.], 1979.
Click to View (Movie, Podcast, or Website)
<a href="https://youtu.be/6kRa494ENww" target="_blank">Oral History of Bettye Jean Aulin Reagan</a>
Transcript
<p><strong>Schwandt<br /></strong>This is an oral history of Bettye [Jean Aulin] Reagan. The interview is conducted by Rebecca Schwandt at Bettye Reagan’s home in Oviedo, er—Lake Mary, Florida…</p>
<p><strong>Reagan<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Schwandt<br /></strong>On April 2<sup>nd</sup>, 2015. Could you please state your full name and birth date for the record?</p>
<p><strong>Reagan<br /></strong>Okay, Bettye Jean Reagan. Uh, January 27<sup>th</sup>, 1934. Uh, born actually in Sanford in the hospital, which I was the first one in my family to be born in the hospital. Everybody else had been born at home, [<em>laughs</em>] which was in Oviedo, and, um, that’s where I was raised.</p>
<p><strong>Schwandt<br /></strong>And what is one of your earliest childhood memories?</p>
<p><strong>Reagan<br /></strong>My earliest childhood memories was[sic]—we lived, uh—I don’t know the name of the road. It goes, uh—it goes beside the Lawton House—where the Lawton House, uh—there’s one that goes towards Winter Park and the other one that comes beside it. We lived down that road, across from where the [Oviedo High] School was. That was in a big ol’ two story house there, and one—I guess I’ll never forget this. When I was—we moved out of that house when I was six years old, but, uh, one day my little brother<a title="">[1]</a> and I decided to go for a walk out—and you went through the back—we had a—a garden and we had an orange grove. If you kep’ on goin’, there was a great big ditch there, you walked over, which was scary. We could go all the way to where the cemetery is today. It was there then, through the woods, and we decided we just go for—and we went, which we—unheard of. Today, it would be terrible they would have called the police [<em>laughs</em>], but—and we’re out there wandering around in—in the cemetery, and this lady, who knew who we were, came and got us and took us back home, and another time, we went down there, and—and I was gonna fix it so my brother, who’s two years younger than I am—he had to be—if I was six he had to be four—and I made him a fishing pole out of a stick, a piece of string, and I don’t know how I did it, but I took a straight pin and bent it. We got some bread and we tied that string on there, and we went down there to that ditch that we had to cross over, which is really what it was, but it had water in it—to fish, and my little brother fell in head first, and his—there—and his feet are sticking up and I pulled him out [<em>laughs</em>]. He’s covered with mud [<em>laughs</em>], but that was a sca—I used to have nightmares after that about that incident.</p>
<p>It scared me so bad, and another time, at that same area, where my daddy<a title="">[2]</a> had planted all the strawberries, I took the bucket one day and I picked every strawberry in the patch, and they were all green, so we didn’t have strawberries that year [<em>laughs</em>]. That’s[sic] my first memories [<em>laughs</em>], but then, I swear I started school in first grade, and I got to go to school a year early. I went when I was five. My birthday was in January, but you were—but—and you weren’t supposed to go to school, but, uh, a man from Oviedo, Mr.—Mr. Gore, was a—on the school board, and, uh, his son was Frank—Frankie D. Gore, and he’s a school—well, I guess he’s not now, but he was a school teacher—grew up to be a school teacher. He got to go—his birthday was the same as mine was. So my Mama<a title="">[3]</a> said, “Well, if you[sic] can go to school—well, if he can go, you can go.” So they had to let me go. So I got to go to school when I was five and get out early, and those are some of the first things I remember [<em>sniffs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Schwandt<br /></strong>And what kind of games did you play as a young child?</p>
<p><strong>Reagan<br /></strong>We, you know—we made up our games. We did things—I guess we couldn’t say we—we, uh—I remember that, uh, we took the—we—We lived in another—we moved two more times, and we lived up where the—we were surrounded by orange groves, and every year, when they got ready to pick the oranges, they would come out and they would dump all the orange crates. If you know what an orange—old-fashioned orange box looks—it’s got a division in the middle and they would stack them, and we would make a great fort. Me and my brother would get out there and make this great big fort and, uh, play in that.</p>
<p>Then, we would also fix a, uh—a little thing in the back yard and play storekeeper, and in those days, you—what you did with you garbage—you didn’t have garbage collection. You dug a great big hole in your backyard somewhere. you put all the—your trash that you had and we put it in the hole and then—and you tried to burn it, if you could, and then you’d fill the hole in, and then you dig another hole, but we would get anything that came in a carton, a box, and we would save all those and we would put them up on the table, and we would play like we had a store, and y—anybody came to the store, and we would pull the—we got in trouble for this—we pulled the leaves off the orange tree. That was our money. We made out like that was dollars, and we would do that, and we would, uh, play cops and robbers, and we—we would get a little saw, which my daddy had—we weren’t s’posed to use, and saw out little—just a little thing that look like a—a pistol, but of course, it wasn’t. It was just a little thing, and we would run around and chase each other, and then another time, we decided we would go find Indian mound[sic]. We had a wild imagination, I guess, and we went out with a shovel, and we found a little mound way away from the house. I don’t know how we got away with all that, and we would dig and dig. ‘Course, we never found anything [<em>laughs</em>], but we—but we spent a lot of time doing that sort of thing.</p>
<p>We—you just came up with your own ideas, you know, but as far as havin’ a lot of toys, we didn’t, but we—we made, uh, treehouses. We’d climb a tree, and put boards up on it and climb up, and we didn’t really have a house, but we would put a couple boards up there—make out like we did. Or we would do another thing. We would cut off palmetto[sic]—big, uh, palmetto[sic] palms, you know, and we would put them around some trees, and we would have a little house, and that’s the kinda thing we did growin’ up, but as far as havin’ a lot of toys or anything, we didn’t. We didn’t do that. Not like today, and of course, there was no TV, of course, and you listened to the radio at night. That’s the only time you listen to it.</p>
<p><strong>Schwandt<br /></strong>Do you remember any radio shows?</p>
<p><strong>Reagan<br /></strong>Yes, uh, <em>The Lone Ranger</em>. Every—we always listened to <em>The Lone Ranger</em>, and, uh, something else came on. Um, cowboy show came on—another one. I can’t think of the name of that one. Trigger—who was<a title="">[4]</a>—he had the horse named Trigger? Uh, anyway, we—we did listen to those kind of sh—and then, uh, <em>Grand Ole Opry </em>came on Every Saturday night. We listened to that, uh, but—and everybody just sat around the radio.it was quiet and you listened to it.</p>
<p><strong>Schwandt<br /></strong>Who were your childhood friends?</p>
<p><strong>Reagan<br /></strong>Uh, some of the—the same people that I started out with in the first grade. I—they were still with me when I graduated [<em>laughs</em>], and I don’t know how many people were in the first grade, becau—but probably 20 or so, and, uh, when I graduated there were nine, but most of ‘em, I had started out with in the first grade, and, uh, some—a couple of ‘em lived close to me, and we would go to each other’s house n’ play, but—or, actually, a lot of times, we went to the school ground and play. They have swing sets there, and, uh, they had a field to play baseball and all that, and—and then, another thing, we had a cow, and—to get—for milk—and every day, my daddy would take that cow with a chain on it and go across the road to the school grounds [<em>laughs</em>], which had some woods on it—a little bit of woods, and he would stake the cow out there on—and the cow would eat the grass on the school ground, and then we’d bring it in every night, and that was—nobody thought there was anything wrong with that. That was just what you did, and it’s crazy. Things change so much, but today, you couldn’t think of doin’ something like that [<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p>Another thing that we would do when we got a little bit older, um—where the school is, the railroad track ran right behind the school, and we would be watchin’ the ball game on Sunday afternoon, which everybody in town went, and there would be s—just a bunch of people get up a game—you know, choose up, and then they would play baseball, and everybody would be there to watch it, and these boys would figure out how to let…</p>
<p>[<em>clock chimes</em>]</p>
<p><strong>Reagan<br /></strong>Some of the air out of the tires on the car and get it on the railroad track, and they would—we would be sitting her watching the ball game and way out there past the field, there goes the car down the railroad track, and that was the highlight of the thing [<em>laughs</em>]—of the day. I don’t know how they did that. Sometimes, they’d get off and it’d go, “Bump, bump, bump, bump” down there too [<em>laughs</em>]. Oh.</p>
<p><strong>Schwandt<br /></strong>Did you have any other animals besides the milk cow?</p>
<p><strong>Reagan<br /></strong>Oh, yeah. Well, we had, uh—we had a dog. I had two dogs I’ll never forget. Uh, the first one we got—well[?], we—we got this white Spitz, and we had that dog for 14 years. His name was Troubles, and, uh, he—he was, uh, just a lifelong pet, and, uh, then one time, my daddy brought home a little, black puppy. Uh, when he was workin’ with—for Nelson and Company, which was Wheeler’s.<a title="">[5]</a> Uh, he was, uh, a man who checked the fruit. He was a fruit tester, and when they would go to pick oranges in the groves, he had all this equipment and he would, uh—slice the fruit and put the juice in, and he knew how to measure to see how much solid it had, how much sugar it had. They had to do that when they picked the oranges to know what kind of thing it was. Anyway, while he was—was gone one day, somebody gave him a little puppy. He brought it home, and we already had that other dog, and my mother said—and I thought it was my dog. It was my dog. Uh, I called her Black Beauty, ‘cause I had just read that book, <em>Black Beauty</em>, and I had that that dog for a couple weeks. My mother kept sayin’ all the time, “You can’t keep that dog. You can’t keep that dog.” Well, I kept it three or four months, and one day, I came home from school and the dog wasn’t there, and my mother had given it to somebody who was walkin’ by and saw it, and she asked if they wanted that dog. She—we couldn’t have two dogs. She gave my dog away, and I was very, very heartbroken [<em>laughs</em>] about that, but, uh, Anyway, we knew who had it and we used to go down and see the dog all the time, bum, but that was—that was the only pets we ever had was those two dogs and the cow, of course. [inaudible]. That was it.</p>
<p><strong>Schwandt<br /></strong>How many siblings do you have?</p>
<p><strong>Reagan<br /></strong>I had, uh—I had two sisters and two brothers, and I still have one sister and one brother. The others are all passed away.</p>
<p><strong>Schwandt<br /></strong>And how did you get along with your siblings?</p>
<p><strong>Reagan<br /> </strong>Good. Well, there was a big, uh—there was seven years difference between my older—my older sister, <a title="">[6]</a> who’s here, and, uh, I had a—my older sister was 10 years older than me, and then [Alice] Kathryn [Aulin Bunch] was next to her, and then I had a brother<a title="">[7]</a>—was seven years older, and then there was me and my younger brother, who’s two years younger, who still lives in Oviedo, and, uh, so, we were, uh—my sister will be the first to tell you that me and my brother were spoiled, because we were younger, then there was seven years difference, and by the time we came along, we—we didn’t have to do all the work that they had to do, and she says we got by with a lot of stuff, which not true [<em>laughs</em>], but, uh, ‘cause they grew up and they left home. We were still at home, you know, for seven more years, but, uh—and[?] today she lives in so[?] close to me now. She used to live in Orlando most all her life and now she lives here.</p>
<p><strong>Schwandt<br /></strong>What did you want to be when you grew up?</p>
<p><strong>Reagan<br /></strong>Oh, I wanted to be, uh, a teacher, and I wanted to teach English and literature, which I loved, and, uh, P.E.,<a title="">[8]</a> and the reason I wanted to teach P.E.—one reason—cause I loved sports and all that. We used to have these girls in our P.E. class, which we would go, eh—different times of the year, you did different things. We had basketball. We actually didn’t have a lot of sports, but we played basketball and softball. That was the only two sports that girls played, and, uh—but those girls—so many of them were la—lazy, and they would just say, “Oh, um, you know, I’m havin’ my period and I can’t play,” and so they’d sit in the gym, you know, and just sit there and not do anything, and that wasn’t true. They[?] just lazy, and I always said, “One day I’ma be a P.E. teacher and nobody’s gonna be sitting in there on the bench, ‘cause I’m gonna give them a trashcan and they’re gonna walk around the school yard and pick up the trash, if they can’t do anything else.” That was my goal, but I didn’t get to do any of those things [<em>laughs</em>], ‘cause I didn’t get to go to college, as much as I wanted to, Uh, but, uh, it all turned out okay anyway, but that’s…</p>
<p>I loved school. I loved school. I would go to school—as soon as I was old enough to be able to do this—the teachers always came to school in those days—two weeks before school, the teachers would be at school gettin’ their classrooms ready, and they always stayed for two weeks after school was out, and I would go to school and find my teacher that I was gonna have, and I would ask her what I would do to help her, and I would stay there, because I just loved going to school, and I was always not happy when school was out every year. I loved school.</p>
<p><strong>Schwandt<br /></strong>What—you mentioned you wanted to be a—a[sic] English teacher. What were some of your favorite books?</p>
<p><strong>Reagan<br /></strong>Oh, gee [<em>laughs</em>]. Uh, I remember <em>Heidi</em>, when I was little. <em>Heidi</em>, you know? if you ever read that book, and, uh, then, um—oh, after I got older, I remember books I read, but I can’t think of any right off the—oh, I’ll never forget, I’ma tell you a funny story about this book. We had this little book that somebody gave us on the life of Abraham Lincoln, and it was a child’s book. You know it had pictures of Lincoln and it was written so a child could understand. Well, you know when you get up in the high school, you got to write a book report. You gotta read a book every six weeks—well, we did then—and you gotta bi—write a book report on it and turn it in. Well, we had this book. I didn’t do this, but my brothers did. They got the Abraham Lincoln book, which you could read in 15 minutes if you were an adult, you know, and they would almost copy it word for word and turn that thing in for a book report, and got by with it, but I [<em>laughs</em>]—I always remembered that, but I used to, uh, uh—we had—in Oviedo, actually, they had, uh—we had a drugstore, which was the place. The number one place in Oviedo was the drugstore. They also had a section down there where they had like library books—new books that were written today, you know—modern books, and you could go check ‘em out, and, uh, I would go down there and check books out there, and I had a teacher, um, uh, her name was Miss Walker, and, uh, she got married later her name was Ms. Anderson, but she told me about these books and she would recommend a book for me to read, and I would go down to the drugstore and check it out and read those books, and then after I got married and had kids, eh, hardly had time to read, but every day when they took a nap after lunch, I would—I was a member of a book club and I would my—I’m still reading today.</p>
<p><strong>Schwandt<br /></strong>Uh, in an earlier conversation you mentioned your mother was a seamstress.</p>
<p><strong>Reagan<br /></strong>Yes.</p>
<p><strong>Schwandt<br /></strong>Can you elaborate on some of the things she did[?]?</p>
<p><strong>Reagan<br /></strong>Yes. Um, my mother, uh, was—oh, she—she packed oranges for 25 years for Nelson and Company. I remember that well, ‘cause we would go down there sometimes after s—we’d have to go down there and see her about something, but, um—but she also was a seamstress, and she learned to do this on her own. My mother came to Oviedo on the train from Sanford. She only got to go to school to the eighth grade, and she loved school. That was another thing. She lived over here in Sanford and she came out there to operate the telephone service—the—be the telephone operator, and, uh, that’s where she met my father, but, um, I don’t know when or how she learned to sew, because I know that she was young, uh—maybe 16, 17 years old then, when she came out there, and, uh, I never heard about her mother sewing so I—I—I didn’t ever know how she ever learned, but she was very good. She made all our clothes. Never had a bought dress. Never had anything bought, until one day she did get me a big coat. I have a picture. It’s in one of my books. That—it was a—really a store-bought coat. It looked like fur. It wasn’t, but it was—I—I—there’s a picture of me in that book in school, standing there in that big old coat [<em>laughs</em>], but she made, uh—she made all my clothes, and, uh—and my—my sister’s too, and she made—she sewed for other people. They would come to the house, uh, she made clothes for them too, but she made me a—something I’ll never forget—she made me a red coat. It was like a red, wool coat—bright red—and in the inside was satin lines. It was full-length, you know, like a—I was only about 10 years old, and I thought that was the most beautiful thing I had ever seen, and I wanted to wear it to school, but she said, “No, that was to wear to church,” you know, that was special. I finally remember I got to wear it to school, but I never forgot that, and to this day, not too long ago, I learned a song that Dolly Parton wrote, my—<em>Coat of Many Colors</em>. I don’t know if you’ve ever heard—are familiar with that. Anyway, that always made me—we weren’t that hard up. It wasn’t made out of rags, like her coat was, but every time I heard that song, I think about my red coat that my mother made me.</p>
<p>So that, uh, and she sewed everything, and then what happened years later—I always said—every night my mother would sit there by the sewing machine and sew, and we’d be sittin’ listenin’ to the radio, and she would sew ‘til late, and I said, “There’s one thing I’m never gonna to do. I am never gonna sew,” ‘cause I thought it was just too much work. Well, got married. my husband gives me a sewing machine for Christmas, plus lessons over in Orlando, so I’d go take lessons, and so I did that, and low ‘n’ behold, I—liked it, and I can—I made my kid’s clothes, and I have pictures—Easter pictures where everybody’s—even my little boys’ coats. we all had dresses that—just alike, and we all had hats and gloves, and we would go to church, and—I mean, some of them are little kids, and we got movies of all this, and we would go to church, and then—especially on Easter and Mother’s Day, we went to Morrison’s Cafeteria after church, the only time we ever went out to eat, and we would go there, and then we would go to Lake Eola in Orlando to the Easter parade, and go up on the platform at—at Lake Eola, and walk across there with our Easter outfits on, and the last thing I made was, uh,—my daughter—one of my daughters got married, and I made her, uh, all the dresses for that, and it was like a Southern Belle-type thing, and the wedding was here at our yard, and, uh, I made all the dresses for that, but I haven’t made—and I made all my kids little—they had a band, uh, that they played. They had guitars and all that, and we had—all of them played, but the—the four younger ones were playing in a little group that started out doin’ it for school, and it got—they got good, and we played it, eh, for Doctor’s Day, for Fourth of July. So I made them outfits alike, you know, vest-like things to wear for that, and that—I really enjoyed being able to do all that. It was neat [<em>taps on table</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Schwandt<br /></strong>Um, in an earlier conversation, you mention several different houses you moved to…</p>
<p><strong>Reagan<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Schwandt<br /></strong>Throughout the years. Uh, could you describe them?</p>
<p><strong>Reagan<br /></strong>Yes, the first house we lived in, it was called “The West House,” ‘cause Mrs. West owned it—was the one—was across from the school, and then we moved—I’ll never forget that, because we didn’t have electricity at that house. We had lanterns, like oil lanterns, and, uh, Then I remember when we moved, and my mother was so excited, because that—the house we moved in is still there, and, uh, it’s—you go by the Lawton House and go on down, through that red light, up the hill, and it—it’s on the left. It sits up on top that hill there still. It’s funny—it doesn’t look near as big as it did, when I was growin’ up. Everything looks smaller, but, uh, we moved in that house, and—electricity, running water. We had—the house we lived in had a pump outside. You pumped the water and brought it in—before. Now, we had water. You turned the faucet on. You could take a bath in the bathtub. That was a big thing for us. That was our first time to do that, and, uh, so that was—we really liked that house, and my mother wanted to buy it. We didn’t—we were renting, and, uh, the lady sold it to somebody else, so we didn’t get to buy it. So we—we had to move.</p>
<p>So we moved down back into town into an area that—the house is not there today, because it’s the parking lot of First Baptist Church [of Oviedo]—where the house was. It was real small, but then there were only—all my brothers and sisters—the older ones—Just me and my little brother were still home, so it was okay, ‘cause we just needed—and we actually slept on this sleeping porch—bunk beds. I slept on top and he slept on bottom, and then a lil’ later, when I got a little older, they moved me into the dining room, and they opened the couch up every night and slept on it [<em>laughs</em>], but, uh, that’s where we lived, until I left home, and—and then after my mother got sick, uh—she had a, um, Parkinson’s [Disease].</p>
<p>[<em>clock chimes</em>]</p>
<p><strong>Reagan<br /></strong>And she stayed there as long as she could, and, uh—very independent person—very. Always wanted to take care of everything herself. Never wanted any charity from anybody—very independent, and, uh, so, um, she was nur—in the nursing home in Orlando—in Winter Park, and—and then eventually, she ran out of money, and she had to stay there, ‘cause she cou—and she still had her house, and, uh, she—she took the money, and sold the house, and used it to pay her hospital bill until.</p>
<p><strong>Schwandt<br /></strong>Were there any community events that you would attend regularly?</p>
<p><strong>Reagan<br /></strong>Uh, actually, very few, um, community events. Most everything centered around either school or church, and, uh, that[sic] was[sic] the activities for—and the other thing though, in the summertime—very important—the swimming pool. Oviedo had a pool. No—Sanford didn’t have one, Longwood didn’t have one, and there weren’t any in people’s homes, in those days. They didn’t do that, but there—Oviedo had a swimming pool—a good, big, record[?]-sized pool, and then they had a baby pool next to it. Everybody came from Sanford and everything out there. My daddy ran the pool, and so, every day in the summertime, we’d go to the pool. Every day, after lunch, you’d go to the pool, and then, also, they had a dance floor and an old juke—juke organ, you know, and, uh, so that was a very popular place people went, in the summertime. You’d go all the time, and, uh, that was very important part of our life in those days. That and—actually, we didn’t do much else.</p>
<p>We rode our bikes a lot. That, we did. Uh, walked everywhere. We didn’t have a car. In fact, most—a lot of people didn’t, uh, and at—at school, there would be three—maybe—kids that drove a car to school, when they got in high school. The other cars belonged to the teachers, and these boys usually were from Slavia, and the reason they got to do that was—as soon as school was out they could go home and start workin’ out in the farms there, but, uh—and you walked everywhere. We walked all the way from my[?] house down to the pool, and the crazy part was, eh, we’d do it at night. I would be 15 years old, and I’d be walkin’ home with another friend, and she lived somewhere else, and she’s goin’ to her house and I’d wa—we’d walk all the way home in the dark at 10 o’clock at night. Nobody thought anything about it.</p>
<p>Today, you wouldn’t do that at all. I wouldn’t think of letting my kids to do that, but in those days, it was not a problem, ’n you didn’t lock your door at our house. If you—Mama did decide to lock the door. The windows that went from the porch into the hou—[<em>laughs</em>] to the living room—all you had to do was raise it up and go in. I mean, anybody could com—there was—no one broke into houses. There was not any of that. You hardly ever heard of anybody stealing anything. That didn’t happen, in those days. You just didn’t have like we have today. Uh, it is so different. Everybody took care of everybody else, uh, but as far as, uh, entertainment and all, we rode our bikes to Lake Charm. That was a big thing. Get on your bike and ride out from Oviedo to Lake Charm—you know where that is—and ride around the lake. That was what we did. My brother would catch fish, and he’d sell it to the people that he went by there homes on his way home, and he stopped and sell his fish stock[?]. Yeah [<em>taps on table</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Schwandt<br /></strong>As I understand, you attended the First Baptist Church of Oviedo?</p>
<p><strong>Reagan</strong>Right.</p>
<p><strong>Schwandt<br /></strong>Uh, what’re some memories of services or events?</p>
<p><strong>Reagan<br /></strong>Uh, they had, uh, uh—like when you were real little, they had what they called Sunbeam Band, When you were little. I remember going to that, Sittin’ in the little red chairs, and learnin’, uh, little songs that I’ve never forgot. I could sing them for you to this day, and they learned them in Sunbeam Band, and then, as you got older, they had a girls’ organizin—organization called GAs—Girls’ Auxiliaries somethin’—and—and that was extra that you—so it gave you something else to go to, and you learned all kinds of scripture verses, and you learned so much, and then you got promoted up to another level, and all of that, and the boys had something called RAs—Royal Ambassadors—and they did that, and, uh, you had, uh, the Christmas program, and, uh, that was always a big thing every year—the Christmas program in our Church, And, you went to Church, uh, every Sunday morning and at—Sunday night, and that was what all the teenagers did.</p>
<p>And then, uh, I’ll never forget this, uh—when—my mother would always say, “Come straight home from church.” This was where we lived, right—we lived next to the church almo—within a block of the church, and this was—I was a senior in high school, and, uh, this particular night, [inaudible] my friend—girlfriend lived right down the street from me, and these two boys ask us if we wanted to go for a ride, and, uh, I didn’t particularly want to go with this guy, but I knew she did, so I was going to help her out, and, um, we said, “Okay,” and I knew I was supposed to go home, but I didn’t. So we got in the car with them and we went from Oviedo out to Slavia. You know where that is? Turned down a little dirt road that’s now right where the, um, nursing home is out there. Now, there’s a dirt road that went down there, and got down there, and this guy’s gonna park, and I said, “Nope.” I said, “I want to go home.” So he was not happy. Meanwhile[?], this other couple’s in the back seat.</p>
<p>So he takes off and tears down the road, and we get to the hard road—the road that goes to Winter Park today, and he instead—he goin’ too fast, and he turns and rolls the car. Rolled it over two or three times. I went through the windshield, landed on the—on the railroad track. The railroad track went by there, and the car—I looked and I was alright. The car is upside down, the wheels are still goin’ around [<em>laughs</em>], the lights are on. We had a friend that lived right down the road from there. They heard it, and they came up, and, uh—but in the meantime, a car with a lady in it from Oviedo came drivin' by. She saw the accident, and anyway, it scared them, because they didn’t know where—I wasn’t in the car. They thought maybe I was under the car, but I wasn’t, but the—I di—I lost my shoe—one of my shoes. Couldn’t find it, but anyway, this lady knew me, knew my parents, and she said, “I’ll take you home,” and this was about 10 ‘o clock at night.</p>
<p>So I had to go home, and go in there and wake up my parents. They were already sleepin’—with one—the whole thing that was bothering me was the fact that I lost my shoe—couldn’t find it [<em>laughs</em>], ‘cause I didn’t have but one pair of loafers, you know, and I had to wear ‘em to school the next day. <em>What am I gonna wear to school? </em>Anyway, I had to tell her we—that had[?]—that happened, and I’ll never forget. It Totaled the car. Totaled it—messed it all up, and the—the guy who was driving—his—nobody got hurt really, luckily. I did have to go in a cou—I got dizzy in a couple days and I had to go over and get x-rayed, and I had a slight concussion, but that was never any more to that, and, uh—but anyway, I felt sorry for the boy that was driving the car, because his mother was pregnant, and they were—she had to have that car to go to the doctor in Sanford. So he was in big trouble. That was a memory I remember[?] [<em>laughs</em>] well. Anyway…</p>
<p><strong>Schwandt<br /></strong>In a prior conversation, you mentioned the town’s doctor. Could you tell me any stories you have of him?</p>
<p><strong>Reagan<br /></strong>The town doctor? Dr. Martin, yes. Dr. Martin was the town—and he did everything. He pulled teeth, and, you know, anybody got anything wrong with them. What you hardly ever—I—I don’t remember going to him, uh, eh, but just one time. um, my mother—I came—came in from somewhere, one time, and my daddy was washing dishes, and that was unheard of, ‘cause I had never seen him wash a dish in my life, or do anything in the kitchen, and he was washing dishes, and I said, “What is goin’ on?” I was a teenager, and, uh, he—my—my mother had been doin’ it, and there was a knife in the water and she had cut her hand real bad, and he had to take her over to Dr. Martin and get it sewed up, and I remember that, and then, another thing that happened, um—Dr. Martin and his wife, Miss—Mrs. Martin, were very active in our church. Mrs. Martin…</p>
<p>[<em>clock chimes</em>]</p>
<p><strong>Reagan<br /></strong>Taught Sunday school and all that. They—the—this doctor’s office was right next to the church, a little bit behind it—right next to it, and they had a bell out there by the office—doctor’s. The office was right by the home, and if somebody came while the doctor was in church, they would ring the bell and he would hear it, get up and go out of church, and One Sunday that happened. Somebody had done something to their leg, was layin’ on the back of a truck, with no sides on it—just a wooden back—and he goes over to take care of it, and he took that guy’s leg off—the rest of it, while everybody—Of course, as soon as we could get out of church, we all went runnin’ over to see what’s goin on, and we’re all standin’ around watchin’ Dr. Martin take a—saw this guy’s leg off, while he’s layin’ on the back of the truck [<em>laughs</em>]. Yeah, he was a character. Yup.</p>
<p><strong>Schwandt<br /></strong>And also, um, in an earlier conversation a—about school, you mentioned, uh, the disciplinary actions of certain teachers.</p>
<p><strong>Reagan<br /></strong>Yes.</p>
<p><strong>Schwandt<br /></strong>What are some experiences that stuck out to you?</p>
<p><strong>Reagan<br /></strong>Uh, well, I’m not gonna tell you that story I told you last time, ‘cause I don’t want to get in trouble about that one, but, uh, uh, most of my teachers, uh—it—I’ve always said this, and I’ve probably—you probably know this. Everybody does. You always have certain teachers that are really good teachers and you’ll never forget ‘em. I mean, they—I have—I can remember certain teachers that were just good, and then there were some that, you wonder why they’re doing this, you know, uh, but um, I—we had this one teacher and [<em>clears throat</em>] she was hard to get along with, and she wa—she never had a smile on her face. She was just real sharp, and is always getting on everybody for every little thing, and she taught the fourth grade, and I was getting older by then, you know, ‘cause all the grades, one through 12, went to same school. You walked down the hall and—and this was something that I—I was bad sometimes at—I must have been seventh grade, ‘cause junior high is really the bad time [<em>laughs</em>]. I—if you look at my—I have every report card, and I can—you could pick out the ones I had when I was in seventh and eighth grade, uh, and anyway, she was just always mean to the kids, I thought, and so, she left her door open. She’d be in there talkin’ and you can walk down the hall and you’d hear her or see her in there.</p>
<p>So one day, when we were ki—talking out there on the—before you walk into the main building—on the porch, and, uh, so I said—there was a box—an old cardboard box out there, and I said, “I’ma walk down the hall. I’ma throw it in her room. See what happens.” So they bet me I wouldn’t do it, so I did it. I walked in, threw it in there, and ran on down the hall. She caught me, and she took me up to the office, and the principal there knew me, of course, and he knew that she—also that she was a little bit difficult to get along with, and all he did to me was—after she left, he said he’d take care of it, and, uh, he gave me a poem to learn. He says, “Now, just sit here and learn this poem, but don’t do that anymore,” [<em>laughs</em>] but we had some, uh—we had another teacher, who had been there for many years and taught my older si—you know, that was another thing. The teachers you got—they had already had your older sister, who was a brain.</p>
<p>You know, you’re supposed to know as much as she did, and, uh, they always compared you, as you went down the kids, but, uh, we had this teacher, and she could be—she was a good teacher, but she—she didn’t really—I don’t think she had children of her own. I don’t think she ever had children, but she would do things that, uh, would hurt people. Like we had this one girl that lived across the railroad track—her home was right over there—and she’d walk to school across the railroad track every day. Nicest person in the world, and one day she did something, and this—this teacher criticized her so badly in front of the whole class, and the girl did not deserve it. She didn’t do anything. Oh, she was a little bit late, I think, and I think she was late, because the train was across the track, and she got all over her or bein’ late to class and made the girl cry, and she did that to another girl in my class, and I just—it just really—I never, ever forgot it. Even though she was a good teacher, she—she would ridicule students sometimes, and, uh, I thought that—and—and it was embarrassing for that student, in front of the other kids, uh, and so you just remember certain people for certain things, but most of my teachers were good.</p>
<p><strong>Reagan<br /></strong>Oh, and I gotta tell you one more school story. Right next to the school, lived—there was some houses, and one of these houses was Mr. McCulley’s[sp] house. Charlie McCulley was my—I went to school, first grade through 12. I wish I knew if he was still livin’ today. I would love to see him. uh, but anyway, they had chickens—chicken yard, and one night, uh, some of the high school boys got Mr. McCulley’s chickens—three or four—and brought them over, and—and for some reason, we were able to get in and out of the school. I don’t know what it was, but they knew how to open—pick the lock or something, then go in there, and so, they got these chickens and they had this teacher that was a retired military. His name was Mr. Bayton[sp], and Mr. Bayton was vague. He shouldn’t have been teaching history. I mean, he was like—he didn’t even know the subject, you know, and he didn’t—nobody cared for him, but he was just kinda dumb, and so they put these chickens in his room and shut the door and left them in there [<em>laughs</em>] all night. The next day, he came to school and had all those chickens in there, and another time, they took somebody’s old “Model T,” and put it in the hall—put it in the hall, and every Halloween, they put a metal trashcan on top of the flagpole, upside down. Nobody ever figured out how they did it, but they—that was—you knew it would be there the next mornin’ [<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p>Another thing though, when I went to school, what we did every day—they—they had the [American] flag, it stayed in the office, and they had certain people that did this, and they would take the flag out, unfold it, put it on the flagpole, and put the flag up, and that was—and if it rained, you ran out there and took the flag down. You never let the flag stay up there in the rain. You never let it stay up overnight. That was the way it was always. The whole time I was at school, it was that way.</p>
<p>We always had what we called chapel every S—every Friday morning, everybody in the school went to the auditorium and there was a program. A lot of—once a month, you had a pastor of one of the churches came and talked, and it’d be a different one each time, and today, that could never happen. You always had the Pledge of Allegiance every morning before class, and you always said the Lord’s Prayer. You did those two the whole time I was in school. Now, things have changed.</p>
<p><strong>Schwandt<br /></strong>I have read that, uh, Oviedo High did not become integrated until the 1960s. Growing up during segregation, do you recall any incidences where you recognized the separation of races?</p>
<p><strong>Reagan<br /></strong>Oh, when I was growing up—I remember when integration started, ‘cause we were livin’ here, and I had kids in school, and I remember the first day, uh, that it—that the schools were integrated, and my kids were in high school, at that time, but back when—when I was growin’ up, it—everything was segregated. Blacks were—rode—if they got on the bus, they had to ride in, uh, like the—we had a bus that came from Orlando to Oviedo. It was called Orlando Transit, and if you got on the bus, all the black people had to sit in the back. They loaded back to front, but this was another thing. They did have buses that went—went out to get kids to go to my school, but blacks didn’t have a bus. They—they had to walk to school, and they lived past where I lived up on the hill that—what we called “The Negro Quarters.” they were called “The Quarters.” They lived—a lot of ‘em—there were different places, but there was a group down there. They walks by our house, and they had to walk all the way across town to the black school, and of course, there was—it was no—no integration at all, and, uh, it even, uh—it was just unheard of for, uh—for people to mix up, or—or even—they was[sic] just two separate entities, and, uh, it—gradually, it got better.</p>
<p>I remember like when my daughter, who, uh, just passed away this last summer—when she was a senior in high school, she was yearbook editor, just like I was yearbook editor when I was in school, and, uh—but, uh—and the two years before that, we had integration. it started when my oldest son<a title="">[9]</a> was still in sch—still in school, and, um, so there were some black[sic] on her, uh, editor—on her, uh, staff to do the yearbook, and when they got ready to have the ye—the party, there was a big discussion about whose house they could have it at, because that meant black people—kids were gonna come.</p>
<p>The same way with my daughter, uh—my younger daughter, Julie [Karin Reagan], who‘s a nurse, uh, now. Uh, when she was a cheerleader, uh, we had some black girls that were cheerleaders with her, and, uh, lot of people—it was hard for a lot of people to get used to that. They didn’t like it, and—but I remember I took ‘em, um, ‘cause the parents—the white girls’ parents worked too. I was a stay-at-home mom, and, uh, all the other parents of the cheerleaders worked, and so they never went to anything, and then every—the cheerleaders needed to go to cheerleading camp. I drove ‘em over there, picked ‘em up. I made their uniforms, and—and I took the black girls too, you know, and somebody would say, “Are[?]—are you gonna do that?” I’d say, “Yes,” and I can remember that, and then I remember when my oldest daughter—the one that was a yearbook editor—went to Miami, she trained at, uh, Jackson Borough School for Nursing, and she had to watch a[sic], uh, autopsy. They had this group[?]. they watched up looking down from this glass to watch it, and that was part of her nurses training, and it was a black girl they were an autopsy on, and she said, “You know, Mom, when you open up somebody, they’re the same on the inside as you are,” and she said, “A lot of people need to think about that,” and, you know—and that was just wha—what she figured out on her own, and I said, “That’s[?]—that’s right,” and right now, two or three doors down here, my best friend is a black girl who’s 50 years old, who was married to a white man, who just passed away, and she and I walk every—two days a week, and we have a ball. She is more fun than—anyway, uh, that is certainly not a problem today, but I remember when it was a very big problem.</p>
<p>I can remember when the guy who was the—the de—the she—the, uh, constable or the police chief of Oviedo—the only—only one policeman—I can remember how he mistreated black people that he put in jail. He hit ‘em. He had a billy stick and I remember hearing how he hit ‘em in the head with that, and, you know—I mean, they were mistreated. They were bad. It was bad. I can remember some bad things that happened. I’m certainly glad that part is over. Uh, hopefully, it’s over.</p>
<p><strong>Schwandt<br /></strong>What year did you graduate at Oviedo High School, and what was the graduation ceremony like?</p>
<p><strong>Reagan<br /></strong>Uh, I—1951. Nine people in my graduatin’ class. In those days, you always had a—a baccalaureate service. I don’t know if they still—don’t still do that, but they always had a, uh—a, uh—and they had it at the school. It was just like a graduation thing, but They had it like a—on a—two or three days before graduation, you had baccalaureate, and they would, like, preach a sermon, or they would do a—it would be a talk on how you—to live your life and all that sort of thing, but it was a different, and every year, they’d have a different pa—we had a Methodist and a Baptist and a Lutheran ch—church. Those were the three main churches, and they would take turns, uh, doin’ the baccalaureate service.</p>
<p>So you always had that first, and then you had graduation, and at the same time as grad—graduation night, you also—they gave out any awards that—now—now today, my kids—they have an award night for different things, but in the—they did all the awards the night of graduation, and, uh, I got—I’ll never forget this, because my older sister got a bunch. S when I came along, I did too, except…</p>
<p>[<em>clock chimes</em>]</p>
<p><strong>Reagan<br /></strong>One. She got one that I didn’t get, and my mother said—as soon as she walked out of that thing, the first thing she said was, “How come you didn’t the”—I forgot what it was—“American Legion Award” or somethin’. I said, “That’s alright. I got best all-around athlete award. My sister didn’t that,” [<em>laughs</em>] but I got the history award and, uh—and the, uh, leadership award. I forgot what—it’s another name for it, but, uh, I’ll never forget that. She didn’t know how come I didn’t get that one, so—but that—we had award’s night the same night, as we did that [<em>taps on table</em>]. That was about it.</p>
<p><strong>Schwandt<br /></strong>And where did your life take you after high school?</p>
<p><strong>Reagan<br /></strong>Uh, not very far. My whole thing was to leave Oviedo. Both of my sisters had left and went to work at a bank in Orlando. uh, my older sister went first and she got—she worked at Florida State—it was called Florida State Bank in Downtown Orlando, right down the middle of town, and then when my sister graduated, my ol—other sister had talked to ‘em and got her in the[?]—she worked in the bookkeeping department. So they both went to Orlando to work in the bank.</p>
<p>Well, I didn’t want to work in the bank. What I wanted to do was to go to college, and I did not get to go, and Mr. [Thomas Willington] Lawton—T.W. Lawton—you’ve heard of the Lawtons? Uh, he was a cousin of ours, and, uh, he knew how much I wanted to go, and[?], uh, so I was supposed to go over to—with him, right? ‘Cause he—he drove to Sanford every, uh, day to work at the—down at the courthouse—was where his office was, and, uh, they were gonna have a test for scholarships. You could take these tests to try to get a scholarship to go to co—FSU.<a title="">[10]</a> In those days it was a women’s college,<a title="">[11]</a> and, uh, so I was all set to go. My principal had fixed it for me to go, ‘cause—‘cause I was valedictorian, and—and I was kinda’ smart, and I[?] thought I could pass—get maybe—maybe get a scholarship, and I was gonna go, and Mr. Lawton—and I was—and I already made arrangements with him. I didn’t tell my mother anything about it, ‘cause she had said, “We can’t afford to send you to college,” you know, “We don’t have the money,” uh, and—but so I thought, <em>If I can get a scholarship, you know I can do this</em>, and, uh, so doggonnit, if, uh, Mr.—somebody from sch—one of the teachers called and my mother answered the phone, and she said, “Well, tell Bettye when she goes tomorrow to take the scholarship test” —she didn’t know I was goin’. I didn’t tell her, and, uh—but Mr. Lawton knew, ‘cause I had already contacted him. He was goin’ take me, and so she says, “What is this all about?” And I told her. She said, “We can’t do that.” So she called Mr. Lawton and told him not to come—not to pick me up, ‘cause I couldn’t—even if I got it, it was just—they couldn’t afford all the stuff they still have to do for me to go, and he called back, and he said, “Listen. I will help her go. I will help her financially [inaudible],” but my mother would never take any money from anybody.</p>
<p>So that, I did not get to do, but—so then, I get on the bus, after I get out of school and I [inaudible]—my senior year, I worked for—Mr. Teague, who was the principal, I worked in the office half a day every day, ‘cause I had all the subjects they had. I took [inaudible] instead of st—study hall, I took a subject. So there wasn’t[sic] any subjects left for me to take. So he asked me to be the school secretary, work in the office half—half a day, and I did that all that senior year, and tough—and then after I graduate, I’m—I’m goin’ to Orlando riding the bus, trying to walk around, find a job, which I hadn’t found. I come home one day, and my mother says, “Well, you got a job. I got you a job. Mr. Teague called and wanted to know if you wanted a full-time job being a school secretary.” <em>Oh, jeeze.</em> I wanted to leave. I wanted to get out of Oviedo, and go do somethin’ different.</p>
<p><strong>Reagan<br /></strong>So I was home for a year, and then I got married and moved to Sanford, and then, uh, I was married for three years. I had—we built a house. City of Sanford would give you a lot—give you a lot, but you had to build a house within a year. We built the house. We cleared the lot. I can show you that house today. We built the house—I mean, laid the blocks, poured the floor, did the whole thing in one year. He<a title="">[12]</a> worked for the railroad and we did this when he wasn’t working. We built the house. We laid blocks—all that stuff—and we were able to move in within a year. it wasn’t finished, but we moved in, and, uh, anyway, he was, uh—I had two kids, and when I had a year-old baby<a title="">[13]</a> and a three-year-old son, <a title="">[14]</a> and he was killed, uh, in a train accident, working—he was a railroader—train accident, uh, and then, I met my husband<a title="">[15]</a>—I have today, uh—eight months later, which everybody thought was too soon [<em>laughs</em>], at church, and, uh, we’ve been married—we—we just celebrated, uh, Monday, our 58<sup>th</sup> wedding anniversary. So [<em>taps on table</em>] it worked [<em>laughs</em>], and we had four more kids.<a title="">[16]</a> That’s six.</p>
<p><strong>Schwandt<br /></strong>After your first husband died, for those eight months, before you met your—how did you survive?</p>
<p><strong>Reagan<br /></strong>Uh, well, uh, Social Security [Insurance], uh, and he had some insurance and, uh—the other thing though we had done—we had bought—borrowed money and bought, uh, I think it was 4,000 dollars—bought 80 acres—now, 80 acres in Osteen, uh, found a road that if you took it—took you all the way to Oak Hill. It was a back road. It goes through there. We bought 80 acres, and we got these cows from the dairy, and we were—we were raising cows out there. We were doin’ that too. So when he died, I had that 80 acres and about seven or eight cow, uh—calves. I had to go feed ‘em on a nipple bucket, and I was goin’ out there every day doing—in fact, that’s where I was when they came out and found me to tell me what had happened, and, uh, so anyway, uh, I had that when I married Don—he was in, uh, TV business—and, uh, so we—he went out there and got some more cows and played cowboy [<em>laughs</em>], and we had that, and we were eventually able to sell it for [$]16,000, which when—in those—that was a long time ago, back in the—we’re talkin’ about the [19]60s, and, uh—and we bought another five—bought 10 acres out here near the airport, and put our cows out there and we had that.</p>
<p>Then we had a chance to buy this place, and, uh—we lived in town, and he had a really nice, big house. I mov—sold my house out there and moved into his house, and, uh—but we had a pool we added on to the house by the time we had a bunch of kids. We had to keep addin’ onto the house, and we had a pool, which was—new at those time[sic]. Not too many people had ‘em. So every day, I had not just my kids. I had everybody’s in the neighborhood’s kids at my house, and it got to be a zoo. I said, “We gotta move.” So he was out here fixin’ these people’s tel—television set, and he saw this place. He said—and they wanted—there was an old couple—they wanted to move into town. Well, we owned another house across the street that was a rental, and, uh, so they—we almost swapped ‘em, and Of course, we had to work on this one for a year to make it so we could—this—this, uh—this was outside the house. This wall was the outside, and that brick in that fireplace—there was a—fireplace right here. We chipped all the brick out of that. that’s the same brick that were[sic] in the fireplace, and we added this room, and we added another bathroom and put—what was a porch, we made that into bigger bedrooms, and we moved out here with six kids, and, uh, it’s been a great, great place to live, and then we got a lot o—I’ll show you my studio, before you go. It’s outside.</p>
<p><strong>Schwandt<br /></strong>And how did you meet your—how did you meet Don, your second husband?</p>
<p><strong>Reagan<br /></strong>My husband now? At, uh—it was a put-up job [<em>laughs</em>]. It really was. Um, he—he came here in the Navy, and, uh, he was—he got married and he was married. He was divorced, when I met him, um, and he was at the church. Anyway, One day, after my husband had passed away, I called. I had the two little kids, and I was still—I was going to church down there, but—and I had gone to church all my life, but I was so, you know—I was totally—I was just kinda’ down, and I called the—the church, and they said—the assistant pastor came out, and I told him—I said, “I’m goin’ to church, but I’m not gettin’ anything out of it.” I said, “I’m just not”—I was miserable, and he said, “You know what? You need to be—you don’t need to be sittin’ in a class, uh, with you kids anymore[?]. You need to be teaching class,” So he said, “We have seven year olds. We need a teacher for seven year olds. Would you”—and so I said, “Okay.” So I go—first Sunday, I go in this—we had 30-somethin’ seven year olds and there were four or five teachers. He was a teacher, and I was a teacher of Sunday school of seven year olds. They put us both in the same room with a little thing in between, and it didn’t take very long, and, uh, so we got—that’s where I met him—was there. We been together ever since [<em>taps on table</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Schwandt<br /></strong>What are some fond memories you have raising your children?</p>
<p><strong>Reagan<br /></strong>Oh [<em>taps on table</em>], great memories, and the good part about it was we had a movie camera. Took movies of everything we did—every Christmas, every Thanksgiving, every birthday, all events. Oh, you should see our kids, going to Lake Eola, lined up where the flowers are, where all the little kids with—all the little girls had white gloves on, hats, frilly dresses. Boys had on ties and coats and—and, uh—gettin’ out of the car, going to church, [inaudible] watchin’ ‘em tryin’ to get in and out of the cars and all that, and, uh—and then going on vacations, camping. That was the only way you could go—take that many kids on vacation is to go camping, and that’s what we did. We went camping. We started up[?] in Florida, ended up in the mountains, and they still go camping to this day, but, uh—and then, I—I enjoyed my kids.</p>
<p>Uh, I never missed a—any program that they were in, and, uh, of course when you got that many, they’re in different things, you know, uh, and that—and this one daughter—she tickled me, because if I was gonna have to go to school for, uh—drive a car for, uh, you know—take the kids somewhere—trip, or something—she would tell me—pick out what she wanted me to wear. She wanted you to look good, you know? [<em>laughs</em>] She would come in there and say, “Mom, this is what I want you to wear,” but, um, I really—and I never missed a PTA<a title="">[17]</a> meeting, and I remember going, and I have two or three kids in one school, and you went to each one of ‘em’s class, and I’m trying to go to all of ‘em’s class, and change classes and do this, but I always did—kept up with what was going on, and, uh—and they all did good in school—pretty good in school, and never really had any major problems with ‘em. Uh, all did school, all—all graduated good[sic], and, uh, have great memories, and then I have all these—and used to be the movies were on film, and then—‘till now. You know, now, it’s entirely different, but my daughter that—the one that you went to her house—she took those, and I dunno how long it took her, she’s finally—still got something to do, and put ‘em all on DVDs, and, uh—and we have ‘em all today. A lot of nice ones. We don’t have anything on TV we want to watch, we sit and watch the kids all growin’, when they were little all the way up. So that—we have those, and I—I tell ‘em today—I said, “Y’all have all these things on camera”</p>
<p>[<em>phone rings</em>]</p>
<p><strong>Reagan<br /></strong>“Now you need to be makin’ sure you—you have these things. Don’t just let it get taken off of there, ‘cause we have a record of everything. Y’all aren’t going to have that.” I’m just gonna let that go.</p>
<p>[<em>answering machine</em>]</p>
<p><strong>Schwandt<br /></strong>I understand that your great-grandfather Andrew Aulin[, Sr.] founded Oviedo.</p>
<p><strong>Reagan<br /></strong>Right.</p>
<p><strong>Schwandt<br /></strong>What are some stories about him or other founding families, like the Lawtons or Wheelers that you…</p>
<p><strong>Reagan<br /></strong>Uh…</p>
<p><strong>Schwandt<br /></strong>Remember being told?</p>
<p><strong>Reagan<br /></strong>Well, he passed away before I was—was born, and, uh, the, uh—the way that, uh—he came down here—a lot of those people who were Swe—he was Swedish—came over here from Sweden, and he didn’t come the way so many people in this area did. The Sanford area is all—a lot of Swedes over here, and they came over, uh, to work the citrus groves, and the—and the people who owned the groves here would pay their way on the ship, if they’d come and work a year. That’s how a lot of them came, but he didn’t come that way. He came up at, um—on the East Coast in New York or somewhere like that, and he came down through Georgia, and then eventually, into down here, and, um, he, uh, uh—at first, Oviedo—the settlement was out on, uh, Lake Jessup, and they called it White’s Warf—was the name of it—little settlement, and then they sor—sort of moved into O—into what is Oviedo today, and, uh, he was one of ‘em that moved in there, and he became—he was the first postmaster, and they had to come up with a name, and, uh, he was—when they named it, and he was also a schoolteacher…</p>
<p>[<em>clock chimes</em>]</p>
<p><strong>Reagan<br /></strong>And he spoke ‘bout four or five languages. He was very smart, and the reason he named it O—it should be pronounced <em>Oh-vee-ay-do</em>—was he traveled, uh, before he came over here, and then he even went back over to Europe several times, and he had been to Oviedo, Spain, and he thought since Florida was a Spanish word, he thought we’d name it Oviedo, and he called it <em>Oh-vee-ay-do</em>, and at, uh, one time, it—it was—it was in Orange County. You know, that used to be all Orange County all this part of it, plus this was too, and—and it was, uh, uh…</p>
<p>[<em>train whistles</em>]</p>
<p><strong>Reagan<br /></strong>So then, he—and he opened a store. He had a store there also, and they—and I heard a, uh—different things people have written about him and said that they’d go in their store, and he’d be so intent on reading something. he was very intellectual, and he liked to read all the time—that they’d have to ma—make him quit reading to wait on him, ‘cause he was into that, and [inaudible] when he passed away, he didn’t have a lot of money, but what he had, he game to Rollins College. It was just starting, and he was one of the people that gave what he had to Rollins College, because he wanted to see that college be there. So he was—I wish I had known him. He was—I was—he gone before I came along, and his wife<a title="">[18]</a> was a Lawton.</p>
<p>So that’s how we got involved with that, and, uh, then, it’s—it’s crazy, because when we started going through different history things, I found out that [inaudible] the Lees in Oviedo, which are—that’s all involved—the Lawtons, Lees, and the Wheelers—all [Lee] sisters all married those people. They were sisters and one married a Lawton,<a title="">[19]</a> one married a Lee[sic], and a Wheeler,<a title="">[20]</a> and all that, and, uh, so when—my—on my mother’s side, who came from Sanford, there were some Lees. Her sisters married the Lees, and—and I al—al—I asked a couple times—I said, “Ya’ll kin to the[?] Lees in Oviedo?” Said, “No, no.” Well, they are, uh—they got this book on the Jacobs family and I started reading it, and the Jacobs family, involved with both Lees there, Lee’s here. So way back, if you wanted to go by marriage things, my mother was actually—her people were ancestors with my father’s people, way back and by marriage, and I thought—I just found that out not too long ago, and I bet that they—I’ll tell ‘em. They don’t know it [<em>laughs</em>], but that was, uh—and, uh, another thing—when—when my husband—my first husband—he was Catholic, and, uh, when we—when he went and talked to my daddy about us getting married, and he said, “Well, there’s one thing I want you to do. I don’t care which church you go to, but both of you go to the same one,” because—and Oviedo’s known for that. The Lawtons and the Wheelers and the Lees—the Whe—Frank Wheeler—big in the Baptist church—his wife was big in the Methodist church. Same things with the Lawtons. One went—husband went to one church and the wife we—and my daddy said, “I don’t want to see any more of that.” You—but that was—was one of the things that they did out there too, but they were all related. Yup.</p>
<p><strong>Schwandt<br /></strong>Do you have any family heirlooms that were passed down that you held on to?</p>
<p><strong>Reagan<br /></strong>Uh, no, uh, I don’t. I have some pictures, but I don’t have any—anything else that—I wish I did, and that is why I[sic] makin’ a point to save everything that I have [<em>laughs</em>], and—Like that bell that’s—there’s a big bell hanging outside. That’s my husband’s family. His father had that bell on the farm in Mississippi, and we were able to get that, and he re—redid it and painted it and all and put it up there, but—but that’s one of the few things we have from his family, and, um, we—so our kids are—that’s the one thing—you don’t get rid of that. that stays in the family, you know, and it’s very, very—it’s made in 1800-somethin’ is what—the date is in it, but, um, no, uh, I don’t think there’s—there’s much left, uh, physical things, you know, um, just some pictures, which I try to keep up with, and I have pictures of my father and his father together, and, uh, things like that, but, uh, no, uh, I don’t—can’t think of any—any artifacts, really, that I have.</p>
<p><strong>Schwandt<br /></strong>Is there anything you like—you’d like to cover that we haven’t addressed?</p>
<p><strong>Reagan<br /></strong>No, uh, well, one thing I want to say about Oviedo today, is, uh—it must be a great place to live, because here a few years ago—well, quite a few years ago, when I was starting, uh—doing a lot of painting, and, uh, I—I did a whole thing—a lot of pic—paintings, uh, about Oviedo, and, uh, I went out there and just drove around, went down to where the pool used to be, which they covered it up. it’s not there anymore, but there’s a park down there—children’s park and things, and, uh—and I went down there to—just to take some pictures and look around, and there was[sic] some women down there playing with their kids, and, uh, I—I told them— I said, “Do you mind if I take some pictures?” ‘Cause I didn’t know what I was going to do, but I was going to do some series of paintings on Oviedo, and they said, “Yes.” it was okay, and—and I said, “Would you mind telling me”—‘cause they—they weren’t from there, and I said, “Why did you move here?” And they said, “Well, we researched before we moved”—they came from out of state—”And this just was the best place to move to raise your kids.” They checked it out. They said, “This is a very family-oriented town. They have a lot of things for kids, and it’s—it’s, you know—it’s just a very—it’s the ideal place to raise a family.” I thought, <em>Well, that’s great. </em>So then, I go to another place in Oviedo, another place like that. There’s some more families there. I asked the same question, got the same answer. I said, “Now, isn’t that amazing?” That—that’s sayin’ a lot for Oviedo. It is, and another thing—the Townhouse Restaurant—are you familiar with that? Which they’re fixin’ to move, you know?</p>
<p><strong>Schwandt<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Reagan<br /></strong>But, uh, we go out there every now and then just to eat there, but, uh, I remember when it wasn’t the Townhouse, and up above it, there used to be a doctor’s office above that place, but, uh, that corner there—the—the red light—the whole time I was re—growin’ up, that was the red light. the only one in town for many, many years, and I kinda hate to see ‘em do what they’re gonna do there, but that’s progress, and, uh—but, uh, I have very fond memories of Oviedo, but, you know, when you’re growing up, you always think somethin’s gonna be better somewhere else, but, uh, my daughter lives out there, and right down the road, you know, comin’ from—back to Oviedo from her house, there’s a new subdivision that’s called Aulin[‘s] Landin<em>g</em> or something they’re building. That’s got the Aulin name in it. There’s just—new. They just started building it. So that’s something too, and of course, they got Aulin Avenue, you know, out there by the cemetery. So yeah, it’s a—good memories from Oviedo, and I need to get back out there, ‘cause I have—still have people out there that I know. Um, how are you—how—how much more are y’all doing? Do you have more people you’re going to interview? ‘Cause I know somebody would be good to interview [<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Schwandt<br /></strong>Oh, I’m sure other classes…</p>
<p><strong>Reagan<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Schwandt<br /></strong>Like I said, you know, which—which—every new semester, because we’re just…</p>
<p><strong>Reagan<br /></strong>Uh huh.</p>
<p><strong>Schwandt<br /></strong>To get as much…</p>
<p><strong>Reagan<br /></strong>Right.</p>
<p><strong>Schwandt<br /></strong>Of Central Florida’s history as possible. So…</p>
<p><strong>Reagan<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>Schwandt<br /></strong>If you wanna…</p>
<p><strong>Reagan<br /></strong>Uh, the Wards, uh—there’s a, uh—Bob Ward. Uh, his brothers passed away, but Bob Ward—Bob and Joanne Ward. I would recommend, uh, talking to—to them. Uh, they live out there close to where I lived, right across the street from the Wheeler House. The—we used to call Mrs. Wheeler—Mrs. B. F. —Frank Wheeler “The Queen,” and, uh—and she was like a queen, you know? She didn’t speak to you. You speak to—I’ll never forget. One time, since I’ve been—when—after I moved to—to, uh, Sanford, we had a drug store downtown called Tusta’s[?] Drugstore. In those days, it had a soda fountain. just like Oviedo had a soda fountain. Had a soda fountain in it, and I was down there one day, sittin’ in a booth, and, uh, Ms. Wheeler came by, and I recognized her and she recognized me, you know, and she walk right on by and didn’t speak, and goes on down and doggone, if every booth wasn’t full, of course, and so she comes back and then all of the sudden, she remembered who I was, ‘cause she needed a place to sit [<em>laughs</em>]. I thought that was—that was—that was pretty good. That was the way it was. They were a little bit—little bit that way—a little bit that way. Uh…</p>
<p><strong>Schwandt<br /></strong>Well, thank you so much for your time.</p>
<p><strong>Reagan<br /></strong>Mmhmm, you’re welcome. I enjoyed it.</p>
<div><br /><div>
<p><a title="">[1]</a> Andrew “Andy” Aulin III.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="">[2]</a> Andrew Aulin, Jr.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="">[3]</a> Mary Alice Powell Aulin.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="">[4]</a> Roy Rogers (born Leonard Franklin Slye) in <em>The Roy Rogers Show</em>.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="">[5]</a> Wheeler Fertilizer Company.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="">[6]</a> Mary Leonora Aulin Bartlett.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="">[7]</a> Charles Warren Aulin.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="">[8]</a> Physical Education.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="">[9]</a> Daniel Lee Reagan, formerly Daniel Lee McGill.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="">[10]</a> Florida State University</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="">[11]</a> Florida Female College, later Florida State College for Women.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="">[12]</a> Joel Edwin McGill.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="">[13]</a> Kathleen Ann McGill, now Kathleen Ann Reagan.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="">[14]</a> Daniel Lee McGill, now Daniel Lee Reagan.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="">[15]</a> Donald Thomas Reagan.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="">[16]</a> Debbie Lynn Reagan, Julie Karin Reagan, Andrew Schott Reagan, and Patrick Kelley Reagan.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="">[17]</a> Parent-Teacher Association.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="">[18]</a> Emma “Lona” Leonora Lawton Aulin.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="">[19]</a> Charlotte "Lottie" Lee Lawton married Thomas Willington Lawton and Lillian Della Lee Lawton married Winborn Joseph Lawton, Sr.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="">[20]</a> George Lee Wheeler married Benjamin Franklin Wheeler.</p>
</div>
</div>
Abraham Lincoln
Alice Kathryn Aulin Bunch
American flags
Anderson
Andrew Aulin III
Andrew Aulin, Jr.
Andrew Aulin, Sr.
Andrew Schott Reagan
Andy Aulin
art
artists
Aulin Avenue
Aulin's Landing
awards
B. F. Wheeler
baccalaureate services
Baptists
Bayton
Benjamin Franklin Wheeler
Bettye Jean Aulin Reagan
Bettye Reagan
bicycles
bike riding
bikes
Black Beauty
Bob Ward
book reports
books
bovines
busing
camping
canines
car accidents
cattle
chapels
Charles Warren Aulin
Charlie McCulley
Charlotte Lee Lawton
church
churches
clothes
clothing
Coat of Many Colors
coats
cops and robbers
cows
cycling
Daniel Lee McGill
Daniel Lee Reagan
Debbie Lynn Reagan
desegregation
discipline
doctors
dogs
Don Reagan
Donald Thomas Reagan
dressmakers
dressmaking
drugstores
Easter
education
educators
Emma Leonora Lawton Aulin
First Baptist Church of Oviedo
flags
Florida State Bank
forts
Frankie D. Gore
fruit testers
GA
games
George Lee Wheeler
Girls’ Auxiliaries
graduations
Grand Ole Opry
gym
Heidi
high schools
immigrants
immigration
integration
Jackson Borough School for Nursing
Jacobs
Joanne Ward
Joel Edwin McGill
Joel McGill
Julie Karin Reagan
Kathleen An Reagan
Kathleen Ann McGill
Lake Charms
Lake Mary
Lee
Leonard Franklin Slye
Lillian Della Lee Lawton
Lona Lawton Aulin
Lottie Lee Lawton
Martin
Mary Alice Powell Aulin
Mary Leonora Aulin Bartlett
milk
milking
Morrison’s Cafeteria
Nelson and Company
novels
oranges
orlando
Orlando Transit
Osteen
Oviedo
Oviedo High School
Oviedo School
Oviedo, Spain
P.E.
painters
painting
Patrick Kelley Reagan
pets
physical education
physicians
postmasters
pranks
RA
race relations
radios
Rebecca Schwandt
Rollins College
Roy Rogers
Royal Ambassadors
Sanford
school bus
school buses
schools
seamstress
seamstresses
segregation
sewing
Slavia
spitz
spitzen
storekeepers
strawberries
strawberry
Sunbeam Band
Swedes
Swedish
swimming pools
T. W. Lawton
teachers
telephone operators
The Roy Rogers Show
Thomas Willington Lawton
Trigger
Troubles
Tusta's Drugstore
W. J. Lawton
Walker
weddings
West
West House
Wheeler
Wheeler Fertilizer Company
White's Wharf
Winborn Joseph Lawton, Sr.
-
https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/5775ae8b3f85aa4b225aeebe10f94a4a.pdf
f0b09c5630ed618af8d7a552d04b8c84
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Oviedo Historical Society Collection
Alternative Title
Oviedo Historical Society Collection
Subject
Oviedo (Fla).
Description
The Oviedo Historical Society Collection encompasses historical artifacts donated for digitization at the Oviedo Historical Society's History Harvest in the Spring semester of 2015.
The Oviedo Historical Society was organized in November 1973 by a group of citizens. The society is a 501(3) non-profit organization. Its purpose is to help preserve the community identity of Oviedo by collecting and disseminating knowledge about local history, serve as a repository for documents and artifacts relating to Oviedo history, promote the preservation and marking of historic sites and buildings in the Oviedo area and foster interest in local, state, national, and world history.
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/128" target="_blank">Oviedo Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
Language
eng
Type
Collection
Coverage
Oviedo, Florida
Contributing Project
<a href="http://oviedohs.com/" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society</a>
<a href="http://history.cah.ucf.edu/staff.php?id=304" target="_blank">Dr. Connie L. Lester</a>'s Introduction to Public History course, Spring 2015
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
External Reference
"<a href="http://oviedohs.com/" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society</a>." Oviedo Historical Society, Inc. http://oviedohs.com/.
Adicks, Richard, and Donna M. Neely. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5890131" target="_blank"><em>Oviedo, Biography of a Town</em></a>. S.l: s.n.], 1979.
Robison, Jim. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/796757419" target="_blank"><em>Around Oviedo</em></a>. 2012.
"<a href="http://www.cityofoviedo.net/node/68" target="_blank">History</a>." City of Oviedo, Florida. http://www.cityofoviedo.net/node/68.
"<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/audio/Ep41-Oviedo.mp3" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 41: Oviedo, with Dr. Richard Adicks</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/audio/Ep41-Oviedo.mp3.
Oral History
A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge.
Interviewer
Thorncroft, Sarah
Interviewee
White, Lars D.
Location
<a href="http://www.cityofoviedo.net/node/43" target="_blank">Fire Rescue Emergency Management Department</a>, Oviedo, Florida
Original Format
1 audio/video recording
Duration
28 minutes and 57 seconds
Bit Rate/Frequency
136kbps
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Oral History of Lars D. White
Alternative Title
Oral History, White
Subject
Oviedo (Fla.)
Fire departments--United States
Description
An oral history of Lars D. White, conducted by Sarah Thorncroft on March 27, 2015. In the interview, White discusses the transformation of Oviedo, Florida, from small agricultural community to a suburb of the University of Central Florida (UCF) in Orlando. He discusses attending desegregated schools, school bus rides, various school activities, and what people did for entertainment. White also talks about growing up on a horse farm and the different riding shows and competitions that he participated in. White talks about meeting his wife, her community involvement, and how their children’s upbringing was similar and different compared to theirs. He also discusses volunteering as a firefighter and then rising in the ranks to become Fire Chief and the Emergency Management Director. White recalls some memorable moments from his long career with the City of Oviedo, as well as discussing his involvement in the development of the Oviedo Veterans Memorial. White also talks about the iconic Oviedo chickens and the lesser known Oviedo peacocks.
Abstract
Oral history interview of Lars D. White. Interview conducted by Sarah Thorncroft at the <a href="http://www.cityofoviedo.net/node/43" target="_blank">Fire Rescue Emergency Management Department</a> in Oviedo, Florida, on March 27, 2015.
Table Of Contents
0:00:00 Introduction <br />0:02:11 School desegregation and homecoming <br />0:05:23 Horse competitions and entertainment <br />0:07:08 Career in firefighting <br />0:08:42 Wife and children <br />0:10:37 History of the Oviedo Volunteer Fire Department <br />0:12:09 First call and most memorable call as a firefighter <br />0:14:40 RECORDING CUTS OFF <br />0:14:41 Becoming Fire Chief <br />0:16:40 Oviedo Veterans Memorial <br />0:19:30 Demolition of buildings in Downtown Oviedo <br />0:21:28 Oviedo chickens and peacocks <br />0:25:17 Closing remarks
Creator
White, Lars D.
Thorncroft, Sarah
Source
White, Lars D. Interviewed by Sarah Thorncroft, March 27, 2015. Audio/video record available. Oviedo History Harvest, <a href="http://oviedohs.com/" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society</a>, Oviedo, Florida.
Date Created
2015-03-27
Date Copyrighted
2015-03-27
Date Modified
2015-12-22
Has Format
17-page digital transcript of original 15-minute and 38-second oral history: White, Lars D. Interviewed by Sarah Thorncroft, March 27, 2015. Audio/video record available. Oviedo History Harvest, <a href="http://oviedohs.com/" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society</a>, Oviedo, Florida.
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/147" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society Collection</a>, History Harvest Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
Requires
<a href="http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer/" target="_blank"> Adobe Flash Player</a>
<a href="http://java.com/en/download/index.jsp" target="_blank">Java</a>
<a href="https://get.adobe.com/reader/" target="_blank">Adobe Acrobat Reader</a>
Format
video/mp4
application/pdf
Extent
69.1 MB
184 KB
Medium
28-minute and 57-second audio/video recording
17-page digital transcript
Language
eng
Type
Moving Image
Coverage
Oviedo, Florida
Oviedo Fire Department, Oviedo, Florida
Memorial Building, Oviedo, Florida
Accrual Method
Donation
Mediator
History Teacher
Provenance
Originally created by Lars D. White and Sarah Thorncroft, and published by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>.
Rights Holder
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>
Contributing Project
<a href="http://oviedohs.com/" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society</a>
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
External Reference
"<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/6346" target="_blank">City Appoints New Fire Chief, Finance Director</a>." The Oviedo Voice, Vol. XIV, No. 38, September 16, 2004. https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/6346.
"<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/audio/Ep41-Oviedo.mp3" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 41: Oviedo, with Dr. Richard Adicks</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/audio/Ep41-Oviedo.mp3.
"<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2478" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 26: The Oviedo Chickens</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2478.
Click to View (Movie, Podcast, or Website)
<a href="https://youtu.be/qqEie_Fo72U" target="_blank">Oral History of Lars D. White</a>
Transcript
<p><strong>Thorncroft<br /></strong>This is an oral history interview of Lars [D.] White. Interview conducted by Sarah Thorncroft at the Fire Administration and Emergency Management Office at 1934 County Road 419 West in Oviedo, Florida, on March the 27<sup>th</sup> of 2015. Our interview topics include growing up in Oviedo and the Oviedo Fire Department. Um, so will you just please state your name for me and explain where you were born and when?</p>
<p><strong>White<br /></strong>Okay. Um, my name is Lars White.</p>
<p><strong>Thorncroft<br /></strong>Mmhmm.</p>
<p><strong>White<br /></strong>Uh, I was born in Winter Park Hospital, uh, November of 1960, and, uh, you want me—elaborate?</p>
<p><strong>Thorncroft<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>White<br /></strong>Okay.</p>
<p><strong>Thorncroft<br /></strong>When did your parents come to the area?</p>
<p><strong>White<br /></strong>Okay, um, we relocated to Oviedo about 1968. It was pretty small town then. It was about 2,000 population—maybe a little less. A single traffic light, a lot of dirt roads, and Oviedo, in that era, was really known still for its agricultural beginnings and it was still a very active agricultural community, but it was on the cusp of development. A lot of that is a result of, uh, what was Florida Technological University and now the University of Central Florida, and as that campus began to grow and expand, and in its many offerings, we needed residential homes for people to, uh—to use that amenity of the collage. So that’s really what started changing Oviedo, to some degree, as well as, uh, there’s[sic] many historians that feel like the children of the original farmers recognized what a hard life farming is, and as the land became so valuable, uh, it became worthwhile to them to begin to sell the properties, and, uh, of course that turned into a lot of residential living units for our town. So that’s kinda the beginnings, I say, of Oviedo and its—its, uh, expansion to such a nice residential—or what we call it: “kids and cul-de-sacs.”</p>
<p><strong>Thorncroft<br /></strong>So you were about eight years old when your family came to Oviedo. What schools did you attend when you were here?</p>
<p><strong>White<br /></strong>Well, I had gone to, uh, St. Luke’s [Lutheran School], uh, for kindergarten, because it wasn’t offered at Lawton Elementary [School] at the time. Oviedo had just desegregated. They’d opened Oviedo High School about that timeframe. Uh, it was a very peaceful, uh, setting. There—there were not—there was no turmoil with it. Uh, it was a very smooth transition. Uh, I don’t recall any encounters or difficulties with that, and then I started, uh, first grade at Lawton Elementary—first through fifth grade—and then Jackson Heights [Middle School] sixth through eighth grade, and then Oviedo High School, of course, ninth through 12<sup>th</sup> grade. Graduated in 1979.</p>
<p><strong>Thorncroft<br /></strong>What are some, um, school memories you have, if any?</p>
<p><strong>White<br /></strong>[<em>laughs</em>] Well, [<em>coughs</em>]I do reminding[sic], uh—remind myself of riding the bus to school, and the busses of that, uh, era were a little bit different than they are today. Today, they’re, uh, air-conditioned and very comfortable [<em>laughs</em>]. I can remember very hot rides in the bus, and, uh, trying to get the windows to go down and get the best seats, but, uh, it was such a small town. You really—you knew everyone. I mean—you knew every student. You pretty much knew where everyone lived. Uh, today I don’t think that’s quite the case, ‘cause of the campuses, two high schools, two middle schools, uh, about five or six elementary schools. So, uh, there’s pretty good chance you don’t know everyone.</p>
<p>Uh, so that was kinda a neat, uh, part to be from, uh, Oviedo, but the, uh—the schools were great, uh—a good education. A[?], uh—the high school years probably were my favorite. Uh, you just tend to develop more relationships in those—those timeframes, as well. I got active in, um, a little bit of politics as sophomore class president and senior class president, and enjoyed that a lot. Homecoming bonfires and things of that nature, a lot of fun sporting events, but, uh, it was just a nice—it was a nice time in Oviedo.</p>
<p><strong>Thorncroft<br /></strong>Where were those bonfires? Because they’ve stopped doing those now.</p>
<p><strong>White<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Thorncroft<br /></strong>[<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>White<br /></strong>[<em>laughs</em>] Uh, [<em>coughs</em>] yeah, the [Seminole County Public] School[s] system decided it wasn’t necessarily the safest thing to do. Um, maybe they had a few episodes after our class graduated, but they used to be on the front football field or off to the side, and the junior-senior class would compete in competition, uh, to win the trophy, and I’m proud to say my class won the junior and senior year. There weren’t[sic] a whole lot of classes that won back to back, but certainly thereafter, they stopped the bonfires. Uh, they’ve turned it into parades and, uh, other contests and things.</p>
<p><strong>Thorncroft<br /></strong>So the bonfires were more like the pep rallies?</p>
<p><strong>White<br /></strong>Yes, yup.</p>
<p><strong>Thorncroft<br /></strong>Um…</p>
<p><strong>White<br /></strong>Kind of a throwback to the traditional days. I think bonfires were probably a very common, um, almost a patriotic occurrence at the schools, you know, for the homecoming game.</p>
<p><strong>Thorncroft<br /></strong>And were you involved in any other activities other than student government?</p>
<p><strong>White<br /></strong>Well, I grew up on a horse farm, so I rode horses, uh, all the way up through my—‘bout my junior year in high school, and then I got kinda disinterested in it, but we used to ride in horse shows—hunter/jumper horse shows, and we competed in what was called the, uh, 100-mile endurance ride up in the Ocala National Forest. That was once a year, and that was fun. Had a, uh—a great time doing that. So that was kinda—my childhood years was[sic], uh, horses.</p>
<p><strong>Thorncroft<br /></strong>So what were some of the local hangouts and what did you guys do for fun growing up in Oviedo?</p>
<p><strong>Unidentified<br /></strong>[<em>coughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>White<br /></strong>Oh, gosh. There wasn’t…</p>
<p><strong>Unidentified<br /></strong>[<em>coughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>White<br /></strong>A lot in Oviedo. I mean—the school system was really your entertainment, unless you created entertainment on your own. There wasn’t[sic] any recreational or other activities in town. The city parks hadn’t really developed yet. If you were engaged in little league or sports like that, you had those venues. Uh, church was—was very instrumental in our lives, as well. Um, they had a lot of activities at—at church to—to fill our needs, as—as well. Um, I guess the high school sports—you know, attending the games and so forth—were primarily the form of entertainment, and then, uh, movies. Visiting the movie theater usually we had to go to Altamonte [Springs] to do that. We did have what was known as the Oviedo Lights. Uh, you have probably heard that story, but, um, most of us, uh, uh, visited that location from time to time to—just kind of a hangout type-thing. Never found or discovered anything, but, uh, that was kind of a—always a fun evening.</p>
<p><strong>Thorncroft<br /></strong>So when you were a kid, what did you want to be when you grew up?</p>
<p><strong>White<br /></strong>I had no earthly idea. I didn’t. As I was going through high school, I was one that was struggling with what to do for a—a professional career. I started working my senior year at Sears, Roebuck and Company on Forsyth Road in, uh, Winter Park-Goldenrod area, and thought I would probably take a job in retail. I actually ended up working in their accounting auditing department, for some reason. Uh, they said I scored real well on the math test, which, uh, didn’t reflect my school grades all that well [<em>laughs</em>], but anyways, I did that for a year or two, and the volunteer fire chief at the time, Andy McDaniel, approached me, said, “We need a little help. We’re kinda low in our volunteer roster. Would you mind lending some time, uh, participating with us?” And I said, “Well, okay, sure. It’s my hometown. I’ll give that a try,” and I really took a love for it, and it looked like an opportunity for a career, as well. Um, I knew the town was growing, so I went and got my certified firefighting standards and state examinations certificate, and my then my Emergency Medical Technician, and soon after that, uh, a job was offered to me in 1983, and I’ve been here ever since.</p>
<p><strong>Thorncroft<br /></strong>[inaudible]. Um, so have you ever lived outside of Oviedo or outside of Florida?</p>
<p><strong>White<br /></strong>Nope.</p>
<p><strong>Thorncroft<br /></strong>Nope [<em>laughs</em>]?</p>
<p><strong>White<br /></strong>[<em>laughs</em>] Born and raised Oviedo. I’m as hometown as you can get [<em>laughs</em>], I would say. Um, even my children have grown up here, went to the same schools I did, and they’re graduates now of, uh, Lawton and Jackson Heights and Oviedo High School. Uh, my son’s a graduate of the University of Central Florida. Uh, my daughter’s got her two year degree from Seminole State College, and working on a, uh—an esthetician, and in paramedical program now for dermatology.</p>
<p><strong>Thorncroft<br /></strong>So how do you think their childhoods being raised in Oviedo compares to yours? Are they similar? Are they different?</p>
<p><strong>White<br /></strong>Yeah, I think there were a lot of similarities, uh, except on a larger scale. Um, my daughter participated in the Pop Warner cheerleading and did cheerleading in high school, as well. So she was well connected to the school system. My son was very active in a lot of things in the school, very, uh, school-spirited and so forth. So it was fun watching them enjoy some of the same, uh, traditions and nuances that we got to experience.</p>
<p><strong>Thorncroft<br /></strong>So, um, what about your wife? Is she also from Oviedo?</p>
<p><strong>White<br /></strong>She is. Uh, she was from Winter Springs, but Winter Springs was designated for Oviedo schools. Uh, we knew each other in school. We didn’t date in school. It was, uh—as soon as we graduated, we started dating, but, uh, yes, we’ve known each other for a very long time [<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Thorncroft<br /></strong>[<em>laughs</em>] Um, has she been involved in the community at all? Or…</p>
<p><strong>White<br /></strong>Yup, she’s retired from, uh, one of the hometown banks—Citizens Bank of Oviedo is what it was called at the time. Now, it’s Citizens Bank of Florida. Uh, she’s been very active a lot of the activities I have with the [Oviedo] Historical Society and many other venues. Uh, she works right now part-time, uh, as an office manager and taking care of a local insurance company and all their booking and accounting needs, and so forth—personnel management.</p>
<p><strong>Thorncroft<br /></strong>Soearlier you mentioned got involved with the [Oviedo] Fire Department at a volunteer basis. Was the fire department volunteer back in the [19]70s and ‘80s? When did it become more professionalized?</p>
<p><strong>White<br /></strong>Well, the—the history of the Oviedo Volunteer Fire Department started about 19—uh, 60. around that time frame is when they began to organize themselves, and after a couple catastrophic fires in town, where they had to rely on resources from way out from other entities, they decided to, uh, put it—something together, and it was really a bunch of farmers that, uh, built a fire engine—you know, really a water truck, and it grew from there.</p>
<p>Uh, when I joined the department, it was a little more organized than that. They issued you a pager, so you were alerted to the calls through a paging system, instead of the old siren system that used to alert the whole town, and if you could come help you ran down to the fire station, and grabbed some gear and went to the call. So it evolved from that, but it was obvious in the early 80s, as we start forming the full-time department, that it would have to move that way. The traffic, the growth—all of that was lending itself to something that volunteers just could not take care of any longer. So we kept them on board as a combination department for about 10 years. It was in the early ‘90s when the volunteer portion of the fire department dissolved itself, and we were then just a full-time fire department.</p>
<p><strong>Thorncroft<br /></strong>So what have been the most memorable calls you’ve had to go out on as a fire—firefighter[?]?</p>
<p><strong>White<br /></strong>Okay. Well, I’ve been involved in it for 31 years full-time, and volunteered about three or four years before that. Uh, I would say my first day as a volunteer firefighter was rather exciting. Uh, I had joined on a Wednesday night. They gave me a pager, gave me some gear, and pretty much just said, “If—if the pager goes off, come down to the fire station. We’ll tell you what you need to do, and we’ll get you trained in this overtime.”</p>
<p>Well, the pager went off, uh, that first Saturday, and I came down to the fire station, and, um, no one else showed up, and the pager went off again, and a police officer pulled up. He said, “Are y’all coming to the call or not?” I said, “Well, I’m by myself. I really [<em>laughs</em>] haven’t really been trained.” we both started the rescue vehicle, and he led me to the call with his police vehicle, and I went by myself [<em>laughs</em>]. It was just a very unusual occurrence. Usually, there was a senior officer that was always in town. There was a miscommunication that day, and it happened one more time that day—that afternoon. So I went to my first two emergencies by myself. One was just a Band-Aid call, uh, and I think the other was just a trip and fall or something like that. So they were both very low key incidents, but I thought <em>Well, I guess I was meant to participate. They do need some help here</em> [<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p>Some of the more meaningful calls though, um, have been where I’ve been involved in, uh, assisting on traffic crashes that were, uh, very traumatic and things of that nature. I have one that really sticks in my mind with a—a young high school girl that was, uh, stuck by a car. She was walking along the side of the highway, [<em>coughs</em>] and when I got there, she was almost taking her last breaths. Um, she was so tragically injured, but everything worked the way it was supposed to. All of our training showed that night. Uh, we—we prepared her, uh—started treating her, packaged her for a[sic] emergency helicopter flight, got her to the trauma center in less than 35 minutes. She was in surgery in one hour. Uh, she had major extensive damage, but about six months later, she walked into the fire station to—to say, “Hello,” and say, “Thank you,” and that one really touched my heart, uh, you know, pretty—pretty hard. So…</p>
<p><strong>Thorncroft<br /></strong>So other than the more memorable calls, what has been the most rewarding aspect of your career?</p>
<p><strong>White<br /></strong>Well, I’ve been blessed to move up in the organization at different levels. Um, I—I don’t think it was ever my intention to become the Fire Chief and Emergency Management Director. It just kinda happened. Um, in 2004, my Fire Chief retired and the City Manager put me in as the Interim Fire Chief Emergency Management Director, and encouraged me to apply for the—the position, and they were doing a—a national search at the time. At that time, we were hit by three back-to-back hurricanes. So, uh, I had to manage those events as the Emergency Management Director, and as they referred to me at that time, they said that was really my formal interview, uh—was my performance, uh, at those three events, and that was, uh, quite a memorable experience as well. our town experiencing that. It certainly wasn’t a one man show. All the departments, and all the directors, and all the employees were instrumental in our disaster response and recovery efforts, uh, but the Emergency Management Director kinda is the conductor of the band and—and keeps everything together as you’re going through it. So, uh, We had a good plan in place and I was familiar with it, but, uh, it was kinda thrown in my lap real—real quickly, but I think that’s been good for me. I did have the advantage of fulfilling all the different positions—a Lieutenant, a Captain, uh, a Battalion Chief. I was the Division Chief of Training and Emergency Medical Services when I got promoted to Fire Chief. So I had some real good, diverse education and training that I think helped prepare me for the past 11 years as Fire Chief [<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Thorncroft<br /></strong>Um, so you spoke earlier before our interview about the Veterans Memorial for Oviedo. what are your main motivations for creating that?</p>
<p><strong>White<br /></strong>Well, being involved in the historical society, I always took interest in that aspect, as well. Um, Around 2002-2003, we learned that the road widening project was, in fact, going to take place in Oviedo on, uh, [Florida] State Road 426-County Road 419, and it also was going to take land from the fire station and the Memorial Building. In fact, to the level that we have to take the buildings down, the City [of Oviedo] even looked at having the Memorial Building lifted and moved, but it just wasn’t feasible. So, uh, we learned that we were going to lose our only connection to our veterans. The Memorial Building was built in honor of, uh, four men who lost their lives in World War II, and the town built that building. Uh, used to be pictures of our military veterans depicted inside the building.</p>
<p>So [Oviedo] City Council asked me, “Would you, uh, chair a committee and study building a veterans memorial in our town somewhere.” So I took on that task. I studied veterans’ memorials all across the country for about six months, and then formed the committee, and we included, uh, city staff, um, the American Legion Post [243] from Oviedo. We had a[sic] architect on board, uh, um, uh, a—another architect that was instrumental in Winter Springs [Veterans] Memorial. So we put the team together, started our planning efforts, and it went from there. Um, it’s—it’s been, uh, a good experience. We’ve been working on it for about three years. We’re going to dedicate it, uh, this, uh, May 25, uh—Memorial Day 2015.</p>
<p>Uh, I’ve had a lot of interesting conversations with families and veterans, and heard some real personal stories, and I think that’s probably been the most meaningful aspect of it. I think it’s made the project more meaningful to me. I’ve also had, uh, family members that have served, uh, primarily in World War II, and learned a lot about their personal stories and things I had—I had never known before and some very heroic acts, uh—not only of them, but all those protect us every day every night. So this is going to mean a lot to me. I’m excited about it and Excited to get it done, ‘cause we’ve been working on it for such a long time.</p>
<p><strong>Thorncroft<br /></strong>So with the impending, you know, de—demolition of Downtown Oviedo, um, that fire house there—I heard through the grapevine—is the oldest one in Seminole County. Is that any sort of major loss to the community, you think?</p>
<p><strong>White<br /></strong>Well, it has some sentimental value, since it was the original fire station location. Um, I think there—in the region, there were older fire stations than that, ‘cause there’s, uh—Sanford goes further back than our time frame for volunteers and full-time department. Um, it’s probably second to Sanford, in age. Um, it—yeah, it’s going to a little be hard to see it come down, um, but we’ll take some bricks off it. We’ll memorialize it. We have some wonderful pictures of it, and we’re gonna start a new legacy at the new location, but it is important to document it and capture it in our history, but we know all things change, in time.</p>
<p>Uh, ironically, all those business down that corridor have been waiting for this moment. Uh, their—their properties have had limited value, and property owners knew that, and children that inherited them. So they knew when the road widening project was coming along. They hadn’t been able to sell their properties. nobody wants to buy those buildings. Um, There’s—parking has been a[sic] atrocious problem down there for those businesses—businesses to thrive. So, um, we—we’ve captured in—in records the best we can. Historical society empowered the local Oviedo Photography Club.<a title="">[1]</a> So we have some good records of it, and that’s not the original downtown. The original downtown burnt down at one time, as well. So that was kinda, uh, “version 2.0” I’ll call it. So now it’s time to launch version 3.0, you know, for Oviedo’s history.</p>
<p><strong>Thorncroft<br /></strong>Alright, so in a little bit of research for this interview, I saw that in 2013 you were asked to conduct an investigation in Oviedo chicken population.</p>
<p><strong>White<br /></strong>Yeah [<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Thorncroft<br /></strong>Uh, what was your reaction when you were asked to do that investigation?</p>
<p><strong>White<br /></strong>[<em>laughs</em>] Uh, a little embarrassing [<em>laughs</em>]. Probably asking myself, <em>Why me?</em> You know, <em>Why did I get charged with this? </em>I think having grown up here, uh, they probably said, uh, “You need to handle this,” and, uh, animal control duties fall under emergency management duties as well, but it was more to, uh, kinda appease the crowd out there. It was beginning wondering what’s going on, but the, uh—the chickens have always been a part of Oviedo’s history. I suspect they’ll survive the growth, as well. There’s still plenty of land and pockets of land and so forth for them to survive. They, uh, have lasted all these years, so I think they’ll—they’ll, uh, migrate through the next decade or longer, as well. So…</p>
<p><strong>Thorncroft<br /></strong>So you think they’ll just kinda migrate up to new Downtown Oviedo?</p>
<p><strong>White<br /></strong>Uh, they kinda move on their own and—and set up a new habitat. Uh, they’re a little bit territorial. Uh, usually, if you try to relocate ‘em to a certain location, uh, they move from wherever you create a habitat. They create one on their own. So, uh, their population numbers go up and down. The research showed a little bit of, uh, just a normal cycle where some other wildlife were, uh—well, it’s just the chain of life, you know? They were getting to the chickens, eating the eggs before they would hatch, and so forth, and, uh, I think some of that has, uh, tempered down a little bit. We’re starting to see another rise in the chicken population, and we understand there’s a group out there that likes to feed ‘em and kinda maintain ‘em a little bit. So I think they’re doing well.</p>
<p><strong>Thorncroft<br /></strong>What is your earliest memory of seeing an Oviedo chicken, because nobody knows…</p>
<p><strong>White<br /></strong>[<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Thorncroft<br /></strong>Exactly where they came from?</p>
<p><strong>White<br /></strong>No, there’s a hundred different stories, depending on who you ask. Uh, it was an agricultural community, so chickens were very common. Uh, they were common at residential homes, as well. People would just use ‘em for harvesting eggs. We had them on the horse farm we had, because it was known that chickens would often contract, uh, a serious disease before the horses might contract it or the cattle. So the farmers, uh, horse owners, cattle owners would, uh, use that as a gage to—to bring in the veterinarian before that could spread to the other crops and—and animals and so forth. So there was a[sic] actual purpose behind having chickens, but I think they were just part of the, uh, typical farming community.</p>
<p><strong>Thorncroft<br /></strong>What about the, uh, peacocks that I typically see kinda wondering through Oviedo? Do you know anything about them?</p>
<p><strong>White<br /></strong>Now, that’s probably the bigger question. Um, I don’t know where they came from. Uh, nobody really does. It’s likely someone acquired ‘em at some point in time, and became tired of ‘em, and just turned ‘em loose, but, uh, we don’t really have any historical knowledge of—of how they came about. They’re pretty to look at, but they’re pretty destructive too, and[?], uh…</p>
<p><strong>Thorncroft<br /></strong>Have there…</p>
<p><strong>White<br /></strong>Scratch cars and so forth. So…</p>
<p><strong>Thorncroft<br /></strong>Have there been any incidents involving them, like accidents or…</p>
<p><strong>White<br /></strong>Once in a while, we’ll get a citizen complaint, uh, that usually goes to Animal Control<a title="">[2]</a> for them or for aggressive roosters, certain times of year. Uh, they are just, uh, protective of themselves. So they’ll scratch you or peck at ya and so forth. A few complaints now and then where they damaged cars and things like that, but other than that, they’re—they’re pretty quiet.</p>
<p><strong>Thorncroft<br /></strong>Alright. Um, well, is there anything else you’d like to share with me today about the history of Oviedo, growing up there, or anything?</p>
<p><strong>White<br /></strong>Well, it’s been a great town. I—I think our growth has been pretty well managed. Uh, Traffic is always a problem in any town, and it’s always a catch-up type thing you’re never really completely prepared. The city doesn’t have a lot control over some of that, ‘cause they’re [Seminole] County and State [of Florida] roads and things of that nature. Uh, I’ve watched a lot of dirt roads get paved, uh, watched a lot of subdivisions come in to town, and that’s been—it’s been fun. I’m glad that people have enjoyed the hometown feel like just like I did, and that’s what you see a lot on social media and so forth—is folks really love this area.</p>
<p>There’s a lot of, uh, civic organizations in here just doing some wonderful things, uh, so many groups, uh, A lot of hometown spirit, uh, A friendly rivalry between the two high schools. It’s been healthy. it hasn’t been destructive, so that’s been good. Uh, Seminole County has a top of the line school system. I think that’s attracted a lot of people to this area. It’s still a little bit rural. We’ve got the river that runs through—the Econ[lockhatchee] River that runs through our town. People get to enjoy that and paths, and parks, and trails. Oviedo, uh, has some wonderful recreation, parks, facilities.</p>
<p>And I like to pride ourselves on our [Oviedo] Police [Department] and Fire Department. Uh, the police do community patrolling where they’re well-connected with the community, and, uh, our philosophy, in our department too, is a hometown fire department, and we treat every person, every contact, as if it were a family member, and that’s our—our philosophy in our organization is serve with, uh, excellence, uh, serve with honor, serve with respect, and, uh, I think that’s a throwback to the beginning of the volunteers. They did that, as well. You just—you entered into this career, ‘cause you wanted to give back something to the community. Although we’re paid to do it, it’s, uh, more meaningful than that, and, uh, I think it’s been a—a good career for me and a great town to grow up in. So that’s what I would add to the conversation.</p>
<p><strong>Thorncroft<br /></strong>Alright, and I guess my last question would just be how did you get, you know, so interested in history and involved with that?</p>
<p><strong>White <br /></strong>Well, knowing that the town was growing, knowing that we were going to lose the downtown area, and, uh, just being a part of Oviedo’s history. I think it’s important when folks come to town, you need to know where the community came from. Every time I hire a new employee in the fire department, they learn where this department started, that it was on the backs of a bunch of dedicated, volunteer firefighters, and, uh, it’s important they know that. So, uh, being involved in the historical society, and our Lawton House and [Oviedo] Farmers Market and things like that, I—I think it’s important we share that message. Uh, you learn from your past so you don’t make the same mistakes in the future. That’s a, uh, certainly historical, uh, uh, perspective that our, uh, elected officials and military leaders follow, and I think it serves well even for a hometown.</p>
<p><strong>Thorncroft<br /></strong>Alright, well, thank you so much for your time today.</p>
<p><strong>White<br /></strong>Thank you, Sarah.</p>
<div><br /><div>
<p><a title="">[1]</a> Correction: Oviedo Photo Club.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="">[2]</a> Seminole County Animal Services.</p>
</div>
</div>
100-mile endurance rides
Andy McDaniel
bonfires
chickens
Citizens Bank of Florida
Citizens Bank of Oviedo
County Road 419
CR 419
demolition
desegregation
education
Emergency Management Director
Emergency Medical Technician
EMT
fire chiefs
fire departments
fire protection
fire stations
fireman
firemen
Florida State Road 426
Florida Technological University
FTU
homecoming
horse farms
horseback riding
horses
hunter/jumper horse shows
integration
Jackson Heights Middle School
JHMS
Lars D. White
Lawton Elementary School
Memorial Building
memorials
monuments
Ocala National Forest
OFD
OHS
Oviedo
Oviedo Fire Department
Oviedo High School
Oviedo Historical Society
Oviedo Lights
Oviedo Veterans Memorial
Oviedo Volunteer Fire Department
peacocks
peafowl
school bus
school buses
schools
Sears, Roebuck and Company
segregation
SR 426
St. Luke's Lutheran School
UCF
University of Central Florida
veterans
volunteer fire departments
volunteer firefighters
-
https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/b606de13190dcf019601c47ba14dcf4b.pdf
5957cd10bcbf0bb9065c1a539101ec1b
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Oviedo Historical Society Collection
Alternative Title
Oviedo Historical Society Collection
Subject
Oviedo (Fla).
Description
The Oviedo Historical Society Collection encompasses historical artifacts donated for digitization at the Oviedo Historical Society's History Harvest in the Spring semester of 2015.
The Oviedo Historical Society was organized in November 1973 by a group of citizens. The society is a 501(3) non-profit organization. Its purpose is to help preserve the community identity of Oviedo by collecting and disseminating knowledge about local history, serve as a repository for documents and artifacts relating to Oviedo history, promote the preservation and marking of historic sites and buildings in the Oviedo area and foster interest in local, state, national, and world history.
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/128" target="_blank">Oviedo Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
Language
eng
Type
Collection
Coverage
Oviedo, Florida
Contributing Project
<a href="http://oviedohs.com/" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society</a>
<a href="http://history.cah.ucf.edu/staff.php?id=304" target="_blank">Dr. Connie L. Lester</a>'s Introduction to Public History course, Spring 2015
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
External Reference
"<a href="http://oviedohs.com/" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society</a>." Oviedo Historical Society, Inc. http://oviedohs.com/.
Adicks, Richard, and Donna M. Neely. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5890131" target="_blank"><em>Oviedo, Biography of a Town</em></a>. S.l: s.n.], 1979.
Robison, Jim. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/796757419" target="_blank"><em>Around Oviedo</em></a>. 2012.
"<a href="http://www.cityofoviedo.net/node/68" target="_blank">History</a>." City of Oviedo, Florida. http://www.cityofoviedo.net/node/68.
"<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/audio/Ep41-Oviedo.mp3" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 41: Oviedo, with Dr. Richard Adicks</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/audio/Ep41-Oviedo.mp3.
Document
A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.
Original Format
28-page booklet
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
The Oviedo Outlook: Centennial Edition
Alternative Title
Oviedo Outlook Centennial Edition
Subject
Oviedo (Fla.)
Description
The centennial edition of <em>The Oviedo Outlook</em> published in 1979 to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the founding of Oviedo, Florida. The newspaper begins with a brief history of Oviedo, followed by articles devoted to important members of the community, including Evelyn Cheek Lundy and John Lundy, Thad Lee Lingo, Jr. and Lacy Aire Lingo, Clare Wheeler Evans, Wayne Jacobs and Karen Jansen Jacobs, Thomas Moon, Marguerite Partin, Frank Wheeler, Katherine Lawton, Tom Estes, Ed Yarborough and Ima Jean Bostick Yarborough, Virginia Balkcom Mikler, Paul Mikler, Sparks Lingo Ridenour and John Ridenour, Ray "Rex" Clonts and Thelma Lee Clonts, Jean Jordan and Harold Jordan, the Malcolm family, Edward Duda, Penny Mitchem Olliff and Leon Olliff, Louise Wheeler Martin and Bill Martin, Miriam "Mimi" Wheeler Bruce and Douglas Allen, Viola Smith, and Cay Westerfield.
Type
Text
Source
Original 28-page booklet: <em>The Oviedo Outlook: Centennial Edition</em>, 1979: <a href="http://oviedohs.com/" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society</a>, Oviedo, Florida.
Requires
<a href="http://www.adobe.com/products/reader.html" target="_blank">Adobe Acrobat Reader</a>
Is Part Of
<a href="http://oviedohs.com/" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society</a>, Oviedo, Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/147" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society Collection</a>, Oviedo Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
Is Format Of
Digital reproduction of original 28-page booklet: <em>The Oviedo Outlook: Centennial Edition</em>, 1979.
Coverage
Oviedo High School, Oviedo, Florida
First Baptist Church of Oviedo, Oviedo, Florida
First Methodist Church of Oviedo, Oviedo, Florida
Oviedo Woman's Club, Oviedo, Florida
Oviedo, Post Office, Oviedo, Florida
Memorial Building, Oviedo, Florida
Sweetwater Park, Oviedo, Florida
Lake Charm, Oviedo, Florida
Lake Jesup, Oviedo, Florida
Geneva, Florida
St. Luke's Lutheran Church, Slavia, Oviedo, Florida
White's Wharf, Oviedo, Florida
Citizens Bank of Oviedo, Oviedo, Florida
Citizens Bank of Oviedo, Oviedo, Florida
Publisher
<em>The Oviedo Outlook</em>
Date Created
1979
Date Issued
1979
Date Copyrighted
1979
Format
application/pdf
Extent
11.8 MB
Medium
28-page booklet
Language
eng
Mediator
History Teacher
Provenance
Originally published by <em>The Oviedo Outlook</em>.
Rights Holder
Copyright to this resource is held by <em>The Oviedo Outlook</em> and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only.
Accrual Method
Donation
Contributing Project
<a href="http://oviedohs.com/" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society</a>
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://oviedohs.com/" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society</a>
External Reference
"<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/audio/Ep41-Oviedo.mp3" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 41: Oviedo, with Dr. Richard Adicks</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/audio/Ep41-Oviedo.mp3.
Adicks, Richard, and Donna M. Neely. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5890131" target="_blank"><em>Oviedo, Biography of a Town</em></a>. S.l: s.n.], 1979.
"<a href="http://www.cityofoviedo.net/node/68" target="_blank">History</a>." City of Oviedo, Florida. http://www.cityofoviedo.net/node/68.
Robison, Jim. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/796757419" target="_blank"><em>Around Oviedo</em></a>. 2012.
4th of July
A. Duda
A. Duda and Sons, Inc.
A. J. McCulley
A. M. Jones
A&W
ACL
African American
Al Ruthberg
Al Ruthberg's Dry Goods
Alafaya Square
Alafaya Woods
Alafaya Woods Boulevard
Albertsons
Allen Street
American Bandstand
American Legion
American Legion Post 243
American Radioactive Chemical Company
Anderson
Andrew Aulin, Sr.
Andrew Duda
Ann Leinhart
Anna Thompson
anniversary
Anything for Floors
Artesia Street
Arthur Evans
Arthur Scott
Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Company
Augusta Covington
Aulin Avenue
Avenue B.
B. F. Wheeler
B. G Smith
Babe Ruth League
Bank of Oviedo
Baptists
Baptizing Lake
Barbara Walker-Seaman
baseball
basketball
Bean Soup Ladies
Belle Glade
Ben Ward
Ben Wheeler
Benjamin Frank Wheeler
Benny Ward
Betty Aulin
Betty Malcolm
Betty Malcolm Jackson
Betty Palmer
Betty Reagan
Bill Clinton
Bill Martin
Bill Nelson
Bill Ward
Billie Chance
Black Hammock Fish Camp
Black Tuesday
Bob Butterworth
Bobby Malcolm
Boston Hill
Boston Park
Boy Scouts of American
Broadway Lily's Louis Edward Jordan, Sr.
Broadway Street
Brownie
Buddy Tyson
C. L. Clonts
C. R. Clonts and Associated Growers
C. S. Lee
cattle
Cattlewomen
Cay Westerfield
celery
centennial
Central Avenue
Century 21 Real Estate
Chance
Chapman Road
Charles Aulin
Charles Evans
Charles Lee, Jr.
Charles Simeon Lee
Charlie Beasley
Charlie Malcolm
Charlie McCully
Chase and Company
Chicago boys
Chiropractic Healthcare Center
Christmas
Chuluota
churches
Ci Gi's Pizza and Subs
Citizens Bank of Oviedo
city clerk
city council
city government
Clare Wheeler
Clare Wheeler Evans
Clarence William Nelson II
Clark
Clark Street
Claude Roy Kirk, Jr.
Claudia Mitchem
Cleo Malcolm
Cleo Malcolm Gore
Cleo Malcolm Leinhart
Clonts Farms, Inc.
Clyde Holder
Clyde Reese Moon
coach
Colonial Drive
Cooper
county commissioner
county government
Cow Bells
Crooms High School
Cross Seminole Trail
Crutchfield
D. D. Daniel
D. D. Daniel Store
David Evans
Dawson
Daytona
De Leon Street
Delco
Democrat
Democratic parks
desegregation
Dick Addicks
Dick Clark
Doc Malcolm
Don Ulery
Donna Neely
Donnie Malcolm
Dorothy Malcolm
Dorsey Brothers
Double R Private School
Doug Allen
Doug Allen Debris Cleaning
Douglas Allen
Downtown Oviedo
Duda
Dwardy
E. H. Kilbee
Econ Eating Club
Econ River
Econlockhatchee River
Ed Duda
Ed Yarborough
Edgar Marvin
Edith Mead
education
educator
Edward Duda
Edward Stoner
Elida Margaret McCulley
Elm Street
Elnoa Allen
Elsie Beasley
Emma Catherine Wahgren
Enoch Partin
Equestrian Green
Evelyn Cheek
Evelyn Cheek Lundy
Faircloth's Grocery
farmer
farming
Fernell's Grocery
FFA
FFWC
First Baptist Church of Oviedo
First United Methodist Church of Oviedo
Flagler's Hotel
Florida Avenue
Florida Federation of Woman's Clubs
Florida High School Athletic Association
Florida Power and Light Company
Florida State Road 426
Florida State Road 434
Florida State Road 50
Florida Tech
Florida Technological University
football
Forrest Harrill Burgess
Foster Chapel
Fountainhead Baptist churches
Fourth of July
Frank Wheeler
Freeze of 1894
Freeze of 1917-1918
Freeze of 1989
freezes
Fritz Mondale
fruit flies
fruit fly
FTU
Future Farmers of America
Gardenia
Gebhardy
Geneva
Geneva Drive
Geneva Historical and Genealogical Society
Geneva Methodist churches
George Aire
George Kelsey
George Lee
George Lee Wheeler
George Means
Georgetown
Georgia Lee
Georgia Lee Wheeler
Gertrude Lucas
Gladys Malcolm
Glenridge Middle School
government
Grace Olliff
Graham Street
Great Crash, Stock Market Crash of 1929
Great Day in the Country
Great Depression
Greater Oviedo Chamber of Commerce
groves
Guy Lombardo
Gwynn's Cafe
Halloween
Harold Henn
Harold Jordan
Hazel Malcolm
Henry Foster
Henry Wolcott
high schools
Hillcrest Drive
Hollie Ruscher
Horse Pond
Howell Branch Road
Hubert Max Lanier
Hurley Ann Wainright
Hurley Mae Moon
Hurricane Donna
Hyland
Ida Boston
Ima Jean Bostick Ocala
Ima Jean Bostick Yarborough
immigrants
Independence Day
infestation
integration
Irving Malcolm
Jack Malcolm
Jackie Kasell
Jackson Heights
Jakubcin
James Earl Carter, Jr.
James Gilbery
James Lambert Malcolm
Jane Cochran
Jane Gaydick
Jane Moran
Jane Moran Wheeler
Jean Jordan
Jean Wheeler
Jim Lee
Jim Partin
Jim Pearson
Jim Wilson
Jimmy Carter
Jimmy Lee
Jimmy Malcolm
Joe Leinhart
Joe Malcolm
Joe Rutland
John Currier
John Evans
John Ganaway Malcolm
John Irving Malcolm
John Lundy
John Ridenour
Johnny Smith
Johnson Hill
Joseph Leinhart
Joseph Watts
July 4th
July Fourth
Junie Duda
Justice of the Peace
Karate Academy
Karen Jansen
Karen Jansen Jacobs
Katherine Lawton
Katherine Mikler
Katherine Mikler Duda
Katheryn Lawton
Katie Lawton
Kay Dodd
Kay Estes
Keith Malcolm
Kenneth Malcolm
King
King Street
Kingsbridge
Kit Lawton
Kitty Young
L. J. Gore
Lacy Aire
Lacy Aire Lingo
Lake Barton
Lake Charm
Lake Charm Park
Lake George
Lake Harney
Lake Jessup Settlement
Lake Jesup
Lake Mary
Lake Pickett
Lake Rosa
Lakemont Elementary School
Larry Neely
Larry Olliff
law
Lawton Elementary School
Lawton House
Lawton's Grocery
Lawtonville
Lee and Todd Real Estate Company
Lee Wheeler
Leinhart
Leon Olliff
Leonard Jansen
Letty Leinhart
Linda Olliff Cliburn
Linda Sheppard
little league
local government
Lockwood Boulevard
Lois Ridell
Louise Gore
Louise Wheeler
Louise Wheeler Martin
Lucy Fore
Lucy Fore Bostick
Magnolia Street
Malcolm
Mammy Jones
Marguerite Partin
Marilyn Partin
Mark Bellhorn
Marlow Link
Martha Ann Bruce
Martha Ann Moon
Martha Ann Moon Lee
Martin Anderson
Martin Gore
Mary Velora Moon
Matheson
Max Lanier
May Day
mayor
Mayor of Oviedo
McDonald's
McKinnon Meat Market
Mead Manor
Mediterranean fruit fly
Memorial Building
Memorial Building Committee
Merritt Staley
Methodist Youth Fellowship
Methodists
Michael Bruce
Mike Tsinsky
Mikler Road
Mimi Wheeler
Mimi Wheeler Bruce
Mims
Minnie Means
Miriam Wheeler
Miriam Wheeler Bruce
Mitchell Hammock
Mitchell Hammock Road
Model T Ford
Mule trains
Museum of Seminole County History
MYF
Myrtle Avenue
natural disasters
Navy
Nelson
Nelson and Company
Niblack Building
Nin a Ralston
North Lake Jessup
Novella Aulin
Novella Aulin Ragsdale
Ocala
OHS
Ol' Swimming Hole
Old Downtown Development Group
Old Mims Road
Old Time History of By-Gone Days of Lake Jessup Settlement
Orange Avenue
oranges
orlando
Oviedo
Oviedo Athletic Association
Oviedo Child Care Center
Oviedo City Cleaners, Inc.
Oviedo City Clerk
Oviedo City Council
Oviedo City Hall
Oviedo Garden Club
Oviedo High School
Oviedo Historical Society
Oviedo Inn
Oviedo Lights
Oviedo Magazine Club
Oviedo Marketplace
Oviedo Post Office
Oviedo Shopping Center
Oviedo Town Council
Oviedo Woman's Club
OWC
Palatka River
Park Avenue Elementary School
Partin
Patrick Westerfield
Paul Arie
Paul Mikler
Penny Mitchem
Penny Mitchem Olliff
Phil Goree
picnic
Pine Street
pioneers
post offices
postmaster
poultry
R. W. Estes
race relations
Railroad Street
railroads
Rainbow Bowl
rations
Ray Alford
Ray Clonts
Reconstruction
Red Barn
Red Bug Lake Road
religion
Rex Clonts
Rick Burns
Riverside Park
Robert A. Butterworth
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Roley Carter
Ropers
Rosa Gray
Roy Clonts
Roz Nogel
Russell Boston
Sanford
Sanford Airport
Sanford City League
Sanford Road
Sanlando Springs
sawmill
Sayde Fleming
Sayde Fleming Duda
Schmidt
school superintendent
schools
Scott Perry
SCPS
Sears and Roebuck
segregation
Seminole County Public Schools
Seminole County School Board
Seminole County Sports Hall of Fame
Seminole High School
settlers
Shedd Street
Shirley Malcolm Sheppard
Shirley Partin
Signworks Graphik and Design, Inc.
Silver Glen Springs
Silver Star
Simmons
Singletary
skiing
Slavia
Smoky Burgess
Snow Hill
snow Hill Road
Solary's wharf
Sparks Lingo
Sparks Lingo Clonts
Sparks Lingo Ridenour
Spencer's Grocery and Drygoods
Spencer's Store
sports
SR 426
SR 434
SR 50
St. Johns River
St. Luke's Lutheran Cathedral
State Democratic Committee
statute
Steak'n'Shake
Steen Nelson
Stevens Street
Stommy Staley
Stone
Sugarby's
Sunday schools
Suzanne Partin
Swedes
Swedish
Sweetwater Park
Swift and Company
swimming pool
T. L. Lingo, Jr.
T. L. Mead
T. W. Lawton
T. W. Lawton Elementary School
Teacher's House
teachers
Ted Estes
Thad Lee Lingo III
Thad Lee Lingo, Jr.
The Gap
The Oviedo Outlook
The Scrubs
The Sign Man
The Square
Thee Lee
Thelma Lee
Thelma Lee Clonts
Theodore Luqueer Mead
Thomas Moon
Thomas Willington Lawton
Thompson
Tom Estes
Tom Moon
Tom Morgan
Tommy Estes
town government
Town House Restaurant
Troy Jones
turkey
Tuscawilla
Twin Rivers
U.S. Army
UCF
University of Central Florida
Vera Malcolm
veteran
Vietnam War
Vine Street
Viola Smith
Virginia Balkcom
Virginia Balkcom Mikler
Virginia Staley
W. G. Kilbee
W. J. Lawton, Sr.
Wagner
Wall Street Crash of 1929
Wallace Allen
Walter Frederick Mondale
Walter Mondale
Walter Teague
water skiing
Watermaster Plumbing
Wayne Jacobs
Wes Evans
Wheeler Fertilizer Plant
White's Wharf
William Jefferson Blythe III
William Jefferson Clinton
Winborn Joseph Lawton, Sr.
Winchester Insurance, Inc.
Winter Park
Winter Park Telephone Company
Woman's Club
World War II
WWII
Zellwood
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A History of Central Florida Collection
Alternative Title
History of Central Florida Collection
Subject
Podcasts
Documentaries
Description
A History of Central Florida Podcast series explores Central Florida's history through the artifacts found in local area museums and historical societies.
Contributor
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
Cassanello, Robert
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/70" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida.
Language
eng
Type
Collection
Coverage
Altoona, Florida
Astor, Florida
Brevard County, Florida
Bushnell, Florida
Clermont, Florida
Cocoa Beach, Florida
Daytona Beach, Florida
DeLand, Florida
Disston City, Florida
Fort King, Florida
Geneva, Florida
Goldenrod, Florida
Groveland, Florida
Holly Hill, Florida
Hontoon Island, DeLand, Florida
Jacksonville, Florida
Kissimmee, Florida
Lake Apopka, Florida
Lake County, Florida
Lake Mary, Florida
Marion County, Florida
Merritt Island, Florida
Miami, Florida
Mims, Florida
Mount Dora, Florida
Newnans Lake, Gainesville, Florida
New Smyrna, Florida
New Smyrna Beach, Florida
Ocala, Florida
Ocklawaha River, Florida
Orlando, Florida
Ormond Beach, Florida
Osceola County, Florida
Sanford, Florida
Silver Springs, Florida
St. Augustine, Florida
St. Cloud, Florida
St. Johns River, Florida
St. Petersburg, Florida
Tampa, Florida
Tavares, Florida
Weirsdale, Florida
Winter Garden, Florida
Winter Park, Florida
Ybor City, Tampa, Florida
Rights Holder
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>
Contributing Project
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
External Reference
"<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php.
Moving Image
A series of visual representations that, when shown in succession, impart an impression of motion.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A History of Central Florida, Episode 42: Jim Crow Signs
Alternative Title
Jim Crow Signs Podcast
Subject
Podcasts
Documentaries
Eatonville (Fla.)
African Americans--Florida--Sanford
Sanford (Fla.)
African Americans--Segregation--Florida
Desegregation
Description
Episode 42 of A History of Central Florida podcasts: Jim Crow Signs. RICHES Podcast Documentaries are short form narrative documentaries that explore Central Florida history and are locally produced. These podcasts can involve the participation or cooperation of local area partners.<br /><br />Episode 42 features a discussion of racial segregation signs used in the Jim Crow South, which are housed at the Orange County Regional History Center in Orlando, Florida. This podcast also includes interviews with Dr. Stephen Caldwell Wright of Seminole State College and Dr. Julian C. Chambliss of Rollins College.
Table Of Contents
0:00:00 Introduction<br />0:01:52 The Jim Crow South<br />0:02:35 Origins of racial segregation<br />0:04:24 Origins of “Jim Crow”<br />0:05:08 Segregation in practice<br />0:07:07 African-American communities and business districts<br />0:09:09 <em>Brown v. the Board of Education of Topeka</em> and desegregation<br />0:11:12 Desegregating schools<br />0:11:59 African-American communities post-segregation<br />0:14:58 Conclusion<br />0:15:21 Credits
Type
Moving Image
Source
Original 15-minute and 48-second podcast by Kevin Stapleton, 2015: RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Orlando, Florida. <a href="http://youtu.be/wvzC9ergWHg" target="_blank">http://youtu.be/wvzC9ergWHg</a>.
Requires
<a href="http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer/" target="_blank"> Adobe Flash Player</a>
Application software, such as <a href="http://java.com/en/download/index.jsp" target="_blank"> Java</a>
Is Part Of
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>, Orlando, Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/137" target="_blank">A History of Central Florida Collection</a>, RICHES Podcast Documentaries Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
Coverage
Orange County Regional History Center, Orlando, Florida
Hannibal Square, Winter Park, Florida
Goldsboro, Sanford, Florida
Eatonville, Orlando, Florida
Parramore, Orlando, Florida
Derns Elementary School, Orange County, Florida
Durrance Elementary School, Orlando, Florida
Creator
Stapleton, Kevin
Publisher
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>
Contributor
Stapleton, Kevin
Wright, Stephen Caldwell
Chambliss, Julian
French, Scot
Cassanello, Robert
Ford, Chip
Clarke, Bob
Gibson, Ella
Hazen, Kendra
Kelley, Katie
Velásquez, Daniel
<a href="https://www.thehistorycenter.org/" target="_blank">Orange County Regional History Center</a>
<a href="http://www.floridamemory.com/" target="_blank">Florida Memory Project</a>
<a href="http://www.loc.gov/" target="_blank">Library of Congress</a>
Date Created
ca. 2015-03-30
Date Issued
2015-03-30
Date Copyrighted
2015-03-30
Format
application/website
Extent
75.1 MB
Medium
15-minute and 48-second podcast
9-page digital transcript
Language
eng
Mediator
History Teacher
Civics/Government Teacher
Economics Teacher
Geography Teacher
Provenance
Originally created by Kevin Stapleton and published by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>.
Rights Holder
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>
Accrual Method
Item Creation
Contributing Project
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
Curator
Raffel, Sara
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
External Reference
Winsboro, Irvin D. S. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/797855859" target="_blank"><em>Old South, New South, or Down South?: Florida and the Modern Civil Rights Movement</em></a>. 2009.
Colburn, David R., and Jane Landers. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/48138716" target="_blank"><em>The African American Heritage of Florida</em></a>. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1995.
Borman, Kathryn M., and Sherman Dorn. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/137526262" target="_blank"><em>Education Reform in Florida Diversity and Equity in Public Policy</em></a>. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2007.
Click to View (Movie, Podcast, or Website)
<a href="http://youtu.be/RjOg09aeokc" target="_blank">A History of Central Florida, Episode 42: Jim Crow Signs</a>
15th Amendment
7-Up
A History of Central Florida
activism
African American
Amendment XV
American Civil War
Bailey, Tom
bomber
Boo-Boo's Bar
Brooks, Gwendolyn
Brooks, Gwendolyn Elizabeth
Brown v. the Board of Education of Topeka
bus
business
Campus Theater
Carver Theater
Castiglia, Francesco
Central Boulevard
Chambliss, Julian C.
City of Sanford
civil rights
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Civil Rights Movement
Civil War
Clarke, Bob
class
clinic
colored section
Constitution
constitutionality
Costello, Frank "The Prime Minister
county government
Crow, Jim
desegregation
Downtown Orlando
Durrance Elementary School
Eatonville
economic class
economics
education
equal rights
equality
Fifteenth Amendment
Ford, Chip
Fort Lauderdale
France
French
French Republic
French, Scot
gang
Georgetown
Gibson, Ella
Goldsboro
Goldwyn Avenue
government
Hannibal Square
Hazen, Kendra
imprisonment
incarceration
Indochina
integration
jail
Jim Crow
Jordan, Louis
Jordan, Lucius
Kelley, Katie
Key West
law
Lincoln, Abraham
local business
local government
Mainland Southeast Asia
mayor
McCarthy
Miami
middle class
minstrel
minstrelsy
mob
movie theater
NAACP
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
OCRHC
orange county
Orange County Courthouse
Orange County Public Schools
Orange County Regional History Center
organized crime
orlando
parole
Parramore
Plessy v. Ferguson
podcast
primary election
Prime Minister of the Underworld
prison
public education
public school
race relations
racism
racist
railroad
Reconstruction
RICHES
Robert Cassanello
Rollins College
Sanford
school
segregation
Seminole State College
separate but equal
sign
slavery
social class
SSC
Stapleton, Kevin
state government
State of Florida
stereotype
Stone's
street car
Supreme Court
Taylor, Robert
The Bribe
The Prime Minister
The Tallahassee Democrat
theater
Town & Country
U.S. Constitution
U.S. Supreme Court
UCF
unconstitutional
University of Central Florida
upper class
Velásquez, Daniel
war
Washington Shores Federal Savings and Loan Association
welfare
welfare board
welfare department
Winter Park
working class
Wright, Stephen Caldwell
-
https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/5361858e574a773bd9ef69022c09f284.pdf
b461139bed7cf82e625d3a9a91f777f4
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Student Museum and UCF Public History Center Collection
Subject
Museums--Florida
Schools
Elementary schools
Grammar schools
Sanford (Fla.)
Description
The Student Museum and UCF Public History Center Collection encompasses a broad range of materials and items ranging from the late 19th Century into the present. The collection includes artifacts, photographs, documents, videocassettes, and other historical records pertaining to the history of the Sanford Grammar School, the Sanford community through the years, and the history of teaching and learning within the United States from the 19th century to the 2010s.
The Student Museum has collaborated with the University of Central Florida and established the UCF Public History Center (PHC). All of the Student Museum's collections are presently housed at the PHC. The goal of the PHC is to promote access to history through ground-breaking research connecting local to global, provide cutting-edge hands-on educational programs for students and visitors, and to engage the community in contributing to and learning from history.
Contributor
Student Museum
UCF Public History Center
Language
eng
Type
Collection
Coverage
Sanford High School, Sanford, Florida
Westside Grammar Elementary School, Sanford, Florida
Sanford Grammar School, Sanford, Florida
Student Museum, Sanford, Florida
UCF Public History Center, Sanford, Florida
Contributing Project
Student Museum
UCF Public History Center
Curator
Marra, Katie
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
Public History Center/Student Museum
External Reference
"Public History Center." Public History Center, University of Central Florida.
"Student Museum." Seminole County Public Schools. http://www.scps.k12.fl.us/studentmuseum/Home.aspx.
Alternative Title
Student Museum and PHC Collection
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/44" target="_blank">Seminole County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida.
Has Part
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/32" target="_blank">General Photographic Collection</a>, <span>Student Museum and UCF Public History Center Collection, </span>Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/73" target="_blank">Seminole County Public Schools Collection</a>, <span>Student Museum and UCF Public History Center Collection, </span>Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
Oral History
A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge.
Interviewer
Vance, Meghan
Interviewee
Miller, Algerine
Location
<a href="http://www.goldsboromuseum.com/" target="_blank">Goldsboro Museum</a>, Goldsboro, Sanford, Florida
Original Format
1 DVD
Duration
35 minutes and 40 seconds
Bit Rate/Frequency
195kbps
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Oral History of Algerine Miller
Alternative Title
Oral History, Miller
Subject
Oral history--United States
Sanford (Fla.)
African Americans--Florida--Sanford
Museums--Florida
Schools
High schools
Integration
Desegregation
Civil rights--Florida
Description
Oral history interview of Algerine Miller, who was born on December 6, 1940, in Sanford, Florida. Miller graduated from Crooms Academy, located at 2200 West Thirteenth Street, in 1958. After high school, she attended the Walker Business School for one year. Miller worked for the State of Florida as an Eligibility Interviewer for 16 years and for Seminole County Community College as an Assistant Financial Interviewer. Miller has also worked with the UCF Public History Center as a volunteer, especially within the Crooms Academy Alumni Exhibit: Triumph Through Adversity. This interview was conducted by Meghan Vance at the Goldsboro Museum, located at 1211 West Thirteenth Street, on November 7, 2012, in Goldsboro, an African-American neighborhood in Sanford.
Table Of Contents
0:00:00 Introduction<br />0:00:60 Life after graduation<br />0:01:58 Crooms Academy Alumni Exhibit: Triumph Through Adversity<br />0:06:34 Alumni events<br />0:07:24 Future of the exhibit and memorable moments<br />0:10:19 Connecting the exhibit with other museums<br />0:14:57 Sanford<br />0:17:00 Crooms and school segregation<br />0:21:34 Other museums in Sanford<br />0:22:55 Teaching history<br />0:25:19 Integration and the Civil Rights Movement<br />0:28:59 Motivation for working with the exhibit<br />0:30:01 Local ice house and family history<br />0:33:08 Closing remarks
Abstract
Oral history interview of Algerine Miller. Interview conducted by Meghan Vance at the <a href="http://www.goldsboromuseum.com/" target="_blank">Goldsboro Museum</a>, in Goldsboro, Sanford, Florida.
Type
Moving Image
Source
Miller, Algerine. Interviewed by Meghan Vance. UCF Public History Center. November 7, 2012. Audio/video record available. UCF Public History Center, Sanford, Florida.
Requires
<a href="http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer/" target="_blank">Adobe Flash Player</a>.
<a href="http://java.com/en/download/index.jsp" target="_blank">Java</a>.
<a href="http://www.adobe.com/products/reader.html" target="_blank">Adobe Acrobat Reader</a>
Is Part Of
UCF Public History Center, Sanford, Florida.
Student Museum and UCF Public History Center Collection, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
Has Format
Digital transcript of original 35-minute and 40-second oral history: Miller, Algerine. Interviewed by Meghan Vance. UCF Public History Center. November 7, 2012. Audio/video record available. UCF Public History Center, Sanford, Florida.
Coverage
Crooms Academy, Sanford, Florida
Goldsboro, Sanford, Florida
Public History Center,Sanford, Florida
Hopper Academy, Georgetown, Sanford, Florida
Creator
Vance, Meghan
Miller, Algerine
Date Created
2012-10-23
Date Modified
2012-10-25
2012-11-18
Format
video/mp4
application/pdf
Extent
112 MB
53.4 KB
Medium
35-minute and 40-second DVD
24- page typed transcript
Language
eng
Mediator
History Teacher
Economics Teacher
Geography Teacher
Provenance
Originally created by Meghan Vance and Algerine Miller.
Rights Holder
Copyright to this resource is held by the UCF Public History Center and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES</a> for educational purposes only.
Accrual Method
Donation
Contributing Project
UCF Public History Center
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
UCF Public History Center/Student Museum
External Reference
"Public History Center." Public History Center, University of Central Florida.
"Exhibits." Public History Center, University of Central Florida.
"Student Museum." Seminole County Public Schools.
"<a href="http://www.seminolehs.scps.k12.fl.us/" target="_blank">Seminole High School</a>." Seminole High School, Seminole County Public Schools. http://www.seminolehs.scps.k12.fl.us/.
Sanford Historical Society (Fla.). <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/53015288" target="_blank"><em>Sanford</em></a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 2003.
Click to View (Movie, Podcast, or Website)
<a href="http://youtu.be/I5YudPwNnn0" target="_blank">Oral History of Algerine Miller</a>
13th Street
7th Street
A. Duda & Son, Inc.
African Americans
Beiler, Rosalind J.
civil rights
Civil Rights Movement
class reunion
Crooms Academy
Crooms Academy Alumni Association
Crooms Academy Alumni Exhibit: Triumph Through Adversity
Crooms Academy of Information Technology
desegregation
Duda, D. A.
executive secretary
exhibit
Five Points Operation Complex
Gibson, Colonel
Goldsboro
Goldsboro Museum
high school
Hopper Academy
ice house
integration
King, Martin Luther, Jr.
Miller, Algerine
museum
Museum of Seminole County History
Oliver, Francis
oral history
Orangeburg
pool
Sanford
Sanford Civic Center
Sanford Museum
Savannah State University
school
SCPS
segregation
Seminole County Board of Education
Seminole County Community College
Seminole County Public Schools
Seminole County Public Schools School Board
Seminole High School
Seventh Street
SSU
State of Florida
Student Museum and Center for Social Studies
Thirteenth Street
trade school
Vance, Meghan
Walker Business School
Williams
-
https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/61afbab29e1c782c5c275d00aa526a27.pdf
bc3a1254a045c2f94ca80ba04218df8b
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A History of Central Florida Collection
Alternative Title
History of Central Florida Collection
Subject
Podcasts
Documentaries
Description
A History of Central Florida Podcast series explores Central Florida's history through the artifacts found in local area museums and historical societies.
Contributor
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
Cassanello, Robert
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/70" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida.
Language
eng
Type
Collection
Coverage
Altoona, Florida
Astor, Florida
Brevard County, Florida
Bushnell, Florida
Clermont, Florida
Cocoa Beach, Florida
Daytona Beach, Florida
DeLand, Florida
Disston City, Florida
Fort King, Florida
Geneva, Florida
Goldenrod, Florida
Groveland, Florida
Holly Hill, Florida
Hontoon Island, DeLand, Florida
Jacksonville, Florida
Kissimmee, Florida
Lake Apopka, Florida
Lake County, Florida
Lake Mary, Florida
Marion County, Florida
Merritt Island, Florida
Miami, Florida
Mims, Florida
Mount Dora, Florida
Newnans Lake, Gainesville, Florida
New Smyrna, Florida
New Smyrna Beach, Florida
Ocala, Florida
Ocklawaha River, Florida
Orlando, Florida
Ormond Beach, Florida
Osceola County, Florida
Sanford, Florida
Silver Springs, Florida
St. Augustine, Florida
St. Cloud, Florida
St. Johns River, Florida
St. Petersburg, Florida
Tampa, Florida
Tavares, Florida
Weirsdale, Florida
Winter Garden, Florida
Winter Park, Florida
Ybor City, Tampa, Florida
Rights Holder
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>
Contributing Project
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
External Reference
"<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php.
Moving Image
A series of visual representations that, when shown in succession, impart an impression of motion.
Original Format
1 podcast
Duration
14 minutes and 16 seconds
Compression
135kbps
Producer
Cassanello, Robert
Director
Stapleton, Kevin
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A History of Central Florida, Episode 42: Jim Crow Signs
Alternative Title
Jim Crow Signs Podcast
Subject
Podcasts
Documentaries
Eatonville (Fla.)
African Americans--Florida--Sanford
Sanford (Fla.)
African Americans--Segregation--Florida
Desegregation
Description
Episode 42 of A History of Central Florida podcasts: Jim Crow Signs. RICHES Podcast Documentaries are short form narrative documentaries that explore Central Florida history and are locally produced. These podcasts can involve the participation or cooperation of local area partners.<br /><br />Episode 42 features a discussion of racial segregation signs used in the Jim Crow South, which are housed at the Orange County Regional History Center in Orlando, Florida. This podcast also includes interviews with Dr. Stephen Caldwell Wright of Seminole State College and Dr. Julian C. Chambliss of Rollins College.
Table Of Contents
0:00:00 Introduction<br />0:01:52 The Jim Crow South<br />0:02:35 Origins of racial segregation<br />0:04:24 Origins of “Jim Crow”<br />0:05:08 Segregation in practice<br />0:07:07 African-American communities and business districts<br />0:09:09 <em>Brown v. the Board of Education of Topeka</em> and desegregation<br />0:11:12 Desegregating schools<br />0:11:59 African-American communities post-segregation<br />0:14:58 Conclusion<br />0:15:21 Credits
Type
Moving Image
Source
Original 15-minute and 48-second podcast by Kevin Stapleton, 2015: RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Orlando, Florida. <a href="http://youtu.be/wvzC9ergWHg" target="_blank">http://youtu.be/wvzC9ergWHg</a>.
Requires
<a href="http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer/" target="_blank"> Adobe Flash Player</a>
Application software, such as <a href="http://java.com/en/download/index.jsp" target="_blank"> Java</a>
Is Part Of
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>, Orlando, Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/137" target="_blank">A History of Central Florida Collection</a>, RICHES Podcast Documentaries Collection, RICHES.
Coverage
Orange County Regional History Center, Orlando, Florida
Hannibal Square, Winter Park, Florida
Goldsboro, Sanford, Florida
Eatonville, Orlando, Florida
Parramore, Orlando, Florida
Derns Elementary School, Orange County, Florida
Durrance Elementary School, Orlando, Florida
Creator
Stapleton, Kevin
Publisher
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>
Contributor
Stapleton, Kevin
Wright, Stephen Caldwell
Chambliss, Julian
French, Scot
Cassanello, Robert
Ford, Chip
Clarke, Bob
Gibson, Ella
Hazen, Kendra
Kelley, Katie
Velásquez, Daniel
<a href="https://www.thehistorycenter.org/" target="_blank">Orange County Regional History Center</a>
<a href="http://www.floridamemory.com/" target="_blank">Florida Memory Project</a>
<a href="http://www.loc.gov/" target="_blank">Library of Congress</a>
Date Created
ca. 2015-03-30
Date Issued
2015-03-30
Date Copyrighted
2015-03-30
Format
application/website
Extent
75.1 MB
160 KB
Medium
15-minute and 48-second podcast
9-page digital transcript
Language
eng
Mediator
History Teacher
Civics/Government Teacher
Economics Teacher
Geography Teacher
Provenance
Originally created by Kevin Stapleton and published by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>.
Rights Holder
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>
Accrual Method
Item Creation
Contributing Project
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
Curator
Raffel, Sara
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
External Reference
Winsboro, Irvin D. S. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/797855859" target="_blank"><em>Old South, New South, or Down South?: Florida and the Modern Civil Rights Movement</em></a>. 2009.
Colburn, David R., and Jane Landers. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/48138716" target="_blank"><em>The African American Heritage of Florida</em></a>. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1995.
Borman, Kathryn M., and Sherman Dorn. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/137526262" target="_blank"><em>Education Reform in Florida Diversity and Equity in Public Policy</em></a>. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2007.
Click to View (Movie, Podcast, or Website)
<a href="http://youtu.be/RjOg09aeokc" target="_blank">A History of Central Florida, Episode 42: Jim Crow Signs</a>
Transcript
<p><em>A History of</em></p>
<p><em>Central Florida</em></p>
<p><em>Presented By</em></p>
<p><em>RICHES</em></p>
<p><em>OF CENTRAL FLORIDA</em></p>
<p><em>ORANGE COUNTY REGIONAL</em></p>
<p><em>HISTORY CENTER</em></p>
<p><em>Smart. Surprising. Fun.</em></p>
<p><em>A History of</em></p>
<p><em>Central Florida</em></p>
<p><em>RICHES</em></p>
<p><em>OF CENTRAL FLORIDA</em></p>
<p><em>PODCAST</em></p>
<p><em>DOCUMENTARIES</em></p>
<p><strong>Stapleton<br /></strong>Thank you for downloading this episode of A History of Central Florida podcast. This is the podcast where we explore Central Florida’s history through the artifacts found in local museums and historical societies. This series is brought to you by RICHES, the Regional Initiative to Collect the History, Experiences, and Stories of Central Florida, and the Orange County Regional History Center.</p>
<p><em>ORANGE COUNTY REGIONAL</em></p>
<p><em>HISTORY CENTER</em></p>
<p><em>Smart. Surprising. Fun.</em></p>
<p><strong>Stapleton<br /></strong>I am Kevin Stapleton, and I will be your host for this episode titled, “Jim Crow Signs.”</p>
<p><em>Episode 42</em></p>
<p><em>Jim Crow Signs</em></p>
<p><em>WHITE</em></p>
<p><em>ONLY</em></p>
<p><strong>Stapleton</strong> <br />As Central Florida grew in the late 19<sup>th</sup> century, urban centers like Orlando and Sanford, as well as smaller communities in the region, became racially segregated. Segregation was initially and tacitly supported by most white residents, and soon became the official policy supported by the state government, cities, and local communities in Florida and the rest of the South. In this episode, we will examine the artifacts of racial segregation in Orlando.</p>
<p><em>WHITE ENTRANCE</em></p>
<p><em>CIVIL RIGHTS</em></p>
<p><strong>Stapleton<br /></strong>Signs denoting separate places for white and black residents had its origins in the late 19<sup>th</sup> century, as a way to remind African Americans of their second-class status.</p>
<p><em>COLORED ENTRANCE</em></p>
<p><strong>Stapleton<br /></strong>The same governments and legislatures—that only decades later granted citizenship and equal rights to blacks after slavery and the [American] Civil War—now gave sanction to the strict separation of the races.</p>
<p><em>LINCOLN</em></p>
<p><em>WITH MALICE</em></p>
<p><em>TOWARD NONE</em></p>
<p><em>WITH CHARITY</em></p>
<p><em>FOR ALL.</em></p>
<p><em>“Equal Rights</em></p>
<p><em>Before the Law.</em></p>
<p><em>The “Jim Crow” Street Car</em></p>
<p><em>THE WAY IT WORKS IN </em>[illegible]</p>
<p><strong>Stapleton<br /></strong>These signs were colloquially known as “Jim Crow Signs,” which transmitted their social and cultural meaning as spaces or places of inferior status and accommodation.</p>
<p>Dr. Stephen Caldwell Wright was born in Sanford, Florida, and came of age during the height of the Civil Rights Movement. He tells us what Jim Crow meant.</p>
<p><em>COLORED</em></p>
<p><strong>Wright<br /></strong>Uh, Jim Crow was a system of segregation, essentially. Um, separate, uh, economic, political, social systems within a community and throughout the nation, and, uh, it simply meant, um, supposedly, “separate but equal” after a while, but somehow the “equal” got lost [<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Stapleton<br /></strong>Racial segregation came from a series of laws passed at the state and local level at the end of the 19<sup>th</sup> century. This cumulated with the 1896 U.S. Supreme Court decision <em>Plessy v. Ferguson</em>—that established that separate but equal facilities—was constitutional. Dr. Scot French, from the University of Central Florida, tells us about the philosophy behind these segregation laws.</p>
<p><em>COLORED</em></p>
<p><em>MEN</em></p>
<p><em>Orange County Courthouse 1950s Restroom Sign</em></p>
<p><strong>French<br /></strong>These signs are really a product of a system of racial control that replaced slavery. In the aftermath of, uh, Reconstruction, there was a lot of conflict, obviously, in the streets and in public places…</p>
<p><em>COLORED ENTRANCE</em></p>
<p><strong>French<br /></strong>And, uh, the politics of space became very personalized, and of course, this—this problem gets multiplied in the age of railroads when, uh, strangers are confronting one another in passenger cars, and there’s a real effort to control this population of free people, and to remind them of their place in society, and that place in the eyes of the powers that be, the—the white redeemers of the southern, uh, government and politics—their place was, uh, underneath the white man, that this was a white man’s country. After the <em>Plessy</em> decision, the Supreme Court decision which—well, made the—the—the principle of “separate but equal,” uh, the law of the land, there was en effort to begin to codify all of these practices in law to…</p>
<p><em>COLORED ENTRANCE</em></p>
<p><strong>French<br /></strong>Designate certain spaces as for colored and certain spaces as for white…</p>
<p><em>WHITE ENTRANCE</em></p>
<p><em>CIVIL RIGHTS</em></p>
<p><strong>French<br /></strong>and the idea behind this was that it would keep black people and white people from brushing up against each other in ways that would lead to—to conflict.</p>
<p><em>“Equal Rights</em></p>
<p><em>Before the Law.</em></p>
<p><em>The “Jim Crow” Street Car</em></p>
<p><strong>Stapleton<br /></strong>The word “Jim Crow” originally came from African-American activists in the middle of the 19<sup>th</sup> century. African Americans used the term to describe the ways in which they were treated differently from whites in public accommodations and services. From then on, the name stuck.</p>
<p><em>JIM CROW.</em></p>
<p>[illegible]</p>
<p><strong>Stapleton<br /></strong>Jim Crow was a blackface character, performed by white stage actors, during that time which portrayed blacks without human dignity or humanity through racist stereotypes. For African Americans, the system of racial segregation was part of that same dehumanizing legacy.</p>
<p><em>DIRECTORY</em></p>
<p><em>1<sup>ST</sup> FLOOR</em></p>
<p><em>COUNTY WELFARE DEPT</em></p>
<p><em>WHITE WAITING ROOM 8</em></p>
<p><em>COLORED 6</em></p>
<p><em>COUNTY CLINIC 8</em></p>
<p><em>DISTRICT WELFARE BOARD</em></p>
<p><em>INTAKE OFFICE</em></p>
<p><strong>Stapleton<br /></strong>Even though according to the law and court decisions, separate was to be equal, it never was. “Separate” was only a way to reinforce difference. Dr. Wright tells us how he experienced segregation growing up in Central Florida.</p>
<p><strong>Wright<br /></strong>Usually, there was a black section, um, if I remember correctly, uh, usually a smaller area, and usually more crowded than the larger so-called “white section,” and the black sections, uh—what were then called the “colored sections,” were not nearly as well-kept, and—and—and—and the like. That would be true in terms of the bathrooms, as well. For instance, I remember…</p>
<p><em>COLORED</em></p>
<p><strong>Wright<br /></strong>Um, in many instances, um, men and women shared the same bathroom, while in the other section, you’d have women and then men, uh, facilities.</p>
<p>Uh, taking the bus was, um, notable, because it was understood that when you got on the bus you went to the back, and that was understood. There were no signs. The signs were the faces. The driver would, you know—knew that you were going to go to the back, and would give you a funny look if you sat too close up front, and that kind of thing. Not all of them, but some of them would.</p>
<p>If you went downtown, and you were standing at the counter, then you knew that everybody else was going to be waited on, served before you. So you could be standing there, but if a person who was white walked up, then they would reach around you and just continually serve all of them, until they had gone. Then, they would serve you.</p>
<p><strong>Stapleton<br /></strong>Although racial segregation translated to second-class citizenship for African Americans, it did not mean that residents of Central Florida stood idly by.</p>
<p><em>7UP</em></p>
<p><em>BOO-BOO’S BAR</em></p>
<p><em>TOWN& COUNTRY</em></p>
<p><em>Stone’s[?]</em></p>
<p><strong>Stapleton<br /></strong>African Americans founded their own businesses, churches, civic associations, and even towns. Local communities usually had a segregated downtown district, where African American businesses and residents lived. In Sanford, there was Georgetown; in Winter Park, there was Hannibal Square; and Parramore, on the west side of Downtown Orlando.</p>
<p>African Americans even established entire incorporated towns, which elected black officials, such as Goldsboro, west of Sanford, and Eatonville, north of Orlando. Goldsboro eventually was absorbed into the City of Sanford in 1911, but Eatonville is one of the few black municipalities founded during this period that still exists. Dr. Julian [C.] Chambliss, from Rollins College, tells us about these black business districts that emerged out of racially segregated cities.</p>
<p><em>THIS HOME IS FINANCED BY</em></p>
<p><em>Washington</em></p>
<p><em>Shores</em></p>
<p><em>Federal</em></p>
<p><em>Savings And Loan Association</em></p>
<p><em>715 GOLDWYN AVE.</em></p>
<p><em>293-7320 • ORLANDO</em></p>
<p><strong>Chambliss<br /></strong>Well, segregation’s sort of unplanned, perhaps on some level, uh, benefit for an African-American community is to coalesce, uh, the [inaudible] community within the boundaries established by white society. As a result, what you see is a whole infrastructure created around servicing the black community—servicing—so black professionals, doctors, lawyers, teachers, um, black businesses that are serving black residents. All those are situated around the core of the black community. So if you look at a place like, for instance, Hannibal Square in Winter Park, Florida…</p>
<p>[illegible]</p>
<p><em>HOTEL</em></p>
<p>[illegible]</p>
<p><strong>Chambliss<br /></strong>You have everything that African Americans could possibly need within the confines of their segregated community, and this, of course, bolsters the economic standing of those, uh, business owners and those professionals. They are, in fact, servicing a captured audience, but that doesn’t mean that they’re not doing good service to the community.</p>
<p><strong>Stapleton<br /></strong>By the 1950s, many public places did not admit blacks at all, and separate entrances and facilities were common in courthouses and other public buildings for access by African Americans.</p>
<p>Another Supreme Court decision in 1954, <em>Brown v. the Board of Education</em> [<em>of Topeka</em>], finally overturned the <em>Plessy</em> decision, and the Federal Government finally declared that “separate” was not only unequal, but also unconstitutional.</p>
<p><em>Tallahassee Democrat</em></p>
<p><em>Court Bans Segregation</em></p>
<p><em>In Public School Cases</em></p>
<p><em>Court Ruling</em></p>
<p><em>Is Unanimous</em></p>
<p><em>Cases Directly Involve</em></p>
<p><em>Only Five States But 17</em></p>
<p><em>Others May Be Affected</em></p>
<p>[illegible]</p>
<p><em>Paroled Man’s</em></p>
<p><em>Captures Ends</em></p>
<p><em>Reign of Terror</em></p>
<p>[illegible] <em>Retrieved</em></p>
<p><em>As Mayor</em> [illegible]</p>
<p>[illegible]</p>
<p><em>Court Questions</em></p>
<p><em>Suit Challenging</em></p>
<p><em>Second Primary</em></p>
<p>[illegible]</p>
<p><em>Secrecy Clamp</em></p>
<p><em>Put On Talks</em></p>
<p><em>McCarthy Calls Order “Cover Up”</em></p>
<p>[illegible]</p>
<p><em>French Cancel</em></p>
<p><em>Air Evacuation</em></p>
<p><em>In Indochina</em></p>
<p><em>All Out Attack</em></p>
<p><em>Will Be Resumed</em></p>
<p><em>On Rebel Troops</em></p>
<p>[illegible]</p>
<p><em>Frank Costello</em></p>
<p><em>Gets Five Year</em></p>
<p><em>Prison Term</em></p>
<p>[illegible]</p>
<p><em>New US Bomber</em></p>
<p><em>Test Seen Near</em></p>
<p>[illegible]</p>
<p><em>Sober, Careful</em></p>
<p><em>Thought Urged</em></p>
<p><em>By Tom Bailey</em></p>
<p>[illegible]</p>
<p><strong>Stapleton<br /></strong>Although by the 1950s, many Americans were recognizing that racial segregation was wrong, it was a long process for state and local communities to dismantle Jim Crow’s segregation. Dr. French explains.</p>
<p><strong>French<br /></strong>It was really not any secret. Everybody knew this. In many ways…</p>
<p><em>COLORED ENTRANCE</em></p>
<p><strong>French<br /></strong>The—that the—these signs were a part of a fiction of “separate but equal,” but for African Americans, of course, it was never equal. And, in fact, this was the basis for the great challenges to, uh…</p>
<p><em>WHITE ENTRANCE</em></p>
<p><em>CIVIL RIGHTS</em></p>
<p><strong>French<br /></strong>Segregated society. the great legal challenges was the “equal” was not equal under this system, and, uh, you began to see in the 20<sup>th</sup> century a chipping away at this edifice of—of Jim Crow law…</p>
<p><em>Segregation</em></p>
<p><em>IS</em></p>
<p><em>UnAmerican</em>[sic]</p>
<p><strong>French<br /></strong>Based on the fact that the facilities provided to African Americans were profoundly unequal or absent altogether. After <em>Brown v. Board of Education</em>, many civil rights advocates—activists white and black—decided to test the law, to—to take the idea that public spaces should be open, uh, as there were increasingly being made open. The courts began to open up public spaces, particularly in places like interstate travel, and so the waiting rooms at bus stations or railroad stations became desegregated, technically. However, in practice, states and localities continued to enforce segregation. They left those signs on the walls, and they continued to insist that persons of color sit in different waiting rooms—in waiting rooms designated for them.</p>
<p><strong>Stapleton<br /></strong>In Central Florida, racially segregated schools were the norm until the 1960s, when Durrance Elementary was integrated under pressure from the Federal Government. And soon, other Orange County schools agreed to desegregate.</p>
<p>[illegible]</p>
<p><strong>Stapleton<br /></strong>Because of demonstrations by civil rights activists, community leaders, and students, local officials closed some public facilities, rather than allow them to be racially integrated. This public activism and protest against Jim Crow segregation…</p>
<p><em>FT. LAUDERDALE</em></p>
<p><em>NAACP</em></p>
<p><em>YOUTH COUNCIL</em></p>
<p><em>FT. LAUDERDALE</em></p>
<p><em>BRANCH</em></p>
<p><em>NAACP</em></p>
<p><em>NAACP</em></p>
<p><em>FORT LAUDERDALE</em></p>
<p><em>NAACP</em></p>
<p><em>KEY WEST</em></p>
<p><em>BRANCH</em></p>
<p><em>PASS THE</em></p>
<p><em>CIVIL RIGHTS</em></p>
<p><em>BILL!</em></p>
<p><em>NAACP</em></p>
<p><em>MIAMI</em></p>
<p><em>BRANCH</em></p>
<p><strong>Stapleton<br /></strong>Was similar to events throughout the state and the rest of the South. It was through this activism, and because of the passing…</p>
<p><em>THE</em></p>
<p><em>Civil Rights</em></p>
<p><em>Act of 1964</em></p>
<p><strong>Stapleton<br /></strong>Of the 1964 Civil Rights Act by the U.S. Congress that outlawed these forms of racial segregation and relegated the Jim Crow signs to the dust bin of history.</p>
<p>Although the system of Jim Crow disappeared, its absence, while welcomed by all segments of society, left a vacuum in the once-thriving black downtowns, as Dr. Chambliss explains.</p>
<p><em>CAMPUS</em></p>
<p><em>THEATER</em></p>
<p><strong>Chambliss<br /></strong>In order to make sure African Americans had full sorta status as—as Americans, um, they had to break down the segregation system. As a consequence, the restrictions in terms of movement, and space, and regulations associated with zoning housing, uh, gave way, and with that, African Americans had the choice of where they wanted to live and how they wanted to live. This had a direct negative impact—impact on the strong cohesion that was created by that outward force constraining African Americans into their, uh, communities. So you see a spread—a spreading out, but you also, I think, see a kind of breaking down. The strong cohesion created by the outside force threatening the black community goes away. African Americans are able—‘cause, especially middle-class and upper-class African Americans, are able to move to places that are better, and this leaves the working-class African Americans…</p>
<p><em>7UP</em></p>
<p><em>BOO-BOO’S BAR</em></p>
<p><em>TOWN& COUNTRY</em></p>
<p><em>Stone’s[?]</em></p>
<p><strong>Chambliss<br /></strong>Um, in that former space, but without the sort of economic and social connections that they had during segregation.</p>
<p><strong>Stapleton<br /></strong>As Dr. Chambliss mentioned, the legacy of Jim Crow is bittersweet. It is a legacy that residents of these communities confront today. Dr. Wright recalls for us his struggle with this legacy, and the conversation he had with his mentor and friend, the late Gwendolyn [Elizabeth] Brooks, the famous African-American poet.</p>
<p><strong>Wright<br /></strong>It’s interesting that, um, when I think of, um, integration, uh, and the whole business of…</p>
<p><em>CARVER</em></p>
<p><em>DOUBLE</em></p>
<p><em>FEATURE</em></p>
<p><em>ROBERT TAYLOR</em></p>
<p><em>THE BRIBE</em></p>
<p><em>LOUIS JORDAN BEWARE</em></p>
<p>[illegible]</p>
<p><em>NEWS</em></p>
<p><em>WORZ • ARM CLUB• KIDDIE SHOW</em></p>
<p><em>Free STAGE SHOW Here</em></p>
<p><em>• AUCTION • PRIZES • FUN •</em></p>
<p><strong>Wright<br /></strong>Uh, segregation supposedly going away, one of the—one of the great losses is, in fact, the—the black community—the black business community. Um, members of the black community are—are now affiliated with, uh, non-black institutions, and—and that’s the way it is. Reminds me of what Gwendolyn Brooks said to me when I said to her one day, “All of the black principals have moved out of the community,” and she said, “Oh.” Looked at me and she said, “I’m glad you stayed. I’m glad you stayed. They need to see you.”</p>
<p>[illegible]</p>
<p><strong>Wright<br /></strong><strong>“</strong>The children need to see you,” and that’s I think the great loss with—with the, um—with that. But when, um, integration advanced, as far as I’m concerned, uh…</p>
<p><em>COLORED ENTRANCE</em></p>
<p><strong>Wright<br /></strong>The black community suffered irreparably. It will never recover. Uh…</p>
<p><strong>Stapleton<br /></strong>We hope that you have enjoyed this episode of A History of Central Florida podcast. For more information on the objects featured in this episode…</p>
<p><em>Orange County Regional</em></p>
<p><em>History Center</em></p>
<p><em>65 E Central Blvd.</em></p>
<p><em>Orlando, FL 32801</em></p>
<p><strong>Stapleton<br /></strong>Please visit the Orange County Regional History Center at 65 East Central Boulevard, Orlando, Florida, 32801.</p>
<p><em>Episode 43</em></p>
<p><em>Surf Boards</em></p>
<p><strong>Stapleton<br /></strong>Make sure to join us for our next episode entitled “Surf Boards.”</p>
<p><em>Executive Producer</em></p>
<p><em>Robert Cassanello</em></p>
<p><em>Episode Producer</em></p>
<p><em>Kevin Stapleton</em></p>
<p><em>Written by</em></p>
<p><em>Kevin Stapleton</em></p>
<p><em>Directed by</em></p>
<p><em>Kevin Stapleton</em></p>
<p><em>Edited by</em></p>
<p><em>Chip Ford</em></p>
<p><em>Photos</em></p>
<p><em>Bob Clarke</em></p>
<p><em>Photos & Images</em></p>
<p><em>Florida Memory Project</em></p>
<p><em>Photos & Images</em></p>
<p><em>Library of Congress</em></p>
<p><em>Voices</em></p>
<p><em>Kevin Stapleton</em></p>
<p><em>Voices</em></p>
<p><em>Dr. Julian Chambliss</em></p>
<p><em>Voices</em></p>
<p><em>Dr. Scot French</em></p>
<p><em>Voices</em></p>
<p><em>Dr. Stephen Caldwell Wright</em></p>
<p><em>Production Staff</em></p>
<p><em>Bob Clarke</em></p>
<p><em>Production Staff</em></p>
<p><em>Chip Ford</em></p>
<p><em>Production Staff</em></p>
<p><em>Ella Gibson</em></p>
<p><em>Production Staff</em></p>
<p><em>Kendra Hazen</em></p>
<p><em>Production Staff</em></p>
<p><em>Katie Kelley</em></p>
<p><em>Production Staff</em></p>
<p><em>Daniel Velásquez</em></p>
15th Amendment
7-Up
A History of Central Florida
activism
African American
Amendment XV
American Civil War
Bailey, Tom
bomber
Boo-Boo's Bar
Brooks, Gwendolyn
Brooks, Gwendolyn Elizabeth
Brown v. the Board of Education of Topeka
bus
business
Campus Theater
Carver Theater
Castiglia, Francesco
Central Boulevard
Chambliss, Julian C.
City of Sanford
civil rights
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Civil Rights Movement
Civil War
Clarke, Bob
class
clinic
colored section
Constitution
constitutionality
Costello, Frank "The Prime Minister
county government
Crow, Jim
desegregation
Downtown Orlando
Durrance Elementary School
Eatonville
economic class
economics
education
equal rights
equality
Fifteenth Amendment
Ford, Chip
Fort Lauderdale
France
French
French Republic
French, Scot
gang
Georgetown
Gibson, Ella
Goldsboro
Goldwyn Avenue
government
Hannibal Square
Hazen, Kendra
imprisonment
incarceration
Indochina
integration
jail
Jim Crow
Jordan, Louis
Jordan, Lucius
Kelley, Katie
Key West
law
Lincoln, Abraham
local business
local government
Mainland Southeast Asia
mayor
McCarthy
Miami
middle class
minstrel
minstrelsy
mob
movie theater
NAACP
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
OCRHC
orange county
Orange County Courthouse
Orange County Public Schools
Orange County Regional History Center
organized crime
orlando
parole
Parramore
Plessy v. Ferguson
podcast
primary election
Prime Minister of the Underworld
prison
public education
public school
race relations
racism
racist
railroad
Reconstruction
RICHES
Robert Cassanello
Rollins College
Sanford
school
segregation
Seminole State College
separate but equal
sign
slavery
social class
SSC
Stapleton, Kevin
state government
State of Florida
stereotype
Stone's
street car
Supreme Court
Taylor, Robert
The Bribe
The Prime Minister
The Tallahassee Democrat
theater
Town & Country
U.S. Constitution
U.S. Supreme Court
UCF
unconstitutional
University of Central Florida
upper class
Velásquez, Daniel
war
Washington Shores Federal Savings and Loan Association
welfare
welfare board
welfare department
Winter Park
working class
Wright, Stephen Caldwell
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A History of Central Florida Collection
Alternative Title
History of Central Florida Collection
Subject
Podcasts
Documentaries
Description
A History of Central Florida Podcast series explores Central Florida's history through the artifacts found in local area museums and historical societies.
Contributor
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
Cassanello, Robert
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/70" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida.
Language
eng
Type
Collection
Coverage
Altoona, Florida
Astor, Florida
Brevard County, Florida
Bushnell, Florida
Clermont, Florida
Cocoa Beach, Florida
Daytona Beach, Florida
DeLand, Florida
Disston City, Florida
Fort King, Florida
Geneva, Florida
Goldenrod, Florida
Groveland, Florida
Holly Hill, Florida
Hontoon Island, DeLand, Florida
Jacksonville, Florida
Kissimmee, Florida
Lake Apopka, Florida
Lake County, Florida
Lake Mary, Florida
Marion County, Florida
Merritt Island, Florida
Miami, Florida
Mims, Florida
Mount Dora, Florida
Newnans Lake, Gainesville, Florida
New Smyrna, Florida
New Smyrna Beach, Florida
Ocala, Florida
Ocklawaha River, Florida
Orlando, Florida
Ormond Beach, Florida
Osceola County, Florida
Sanford, Florida
Silver Springs, Florida
St. Augustine, Florida
St. Cloud, Florida
St. Johns River, Florida
St. Petersburg, Florida
Tampa, Florida
Tavares, Florida
Weirsdale, Florida
Winter Garden, Florida
Winter Park, Florida
Ybor City, Tampa, Florida
Rights Holder
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>
Contributing Project
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
External Reference
"<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php.
Moving Image
A series of visual representations that, when shown in succession, impart an impression of motion.
Original Format
1 podcast
Duration
13 minutes and 36 seconds
Compression
137kbps
Producer
Cassanello, Robert
Director
Kelley, Katie
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A History of Central Florida, Episode 40: Icons of Hate
Alternative Title
Icons of Hate Podcast
Subject
Podcasts
Documentaries
Ku Klux Klan (1915- )--Florida--History
Moore, Harry T., -1951
Racism--Florida--History
Civil rights--Florida
Civil Rights Movement
Civil rights movements--Florida
Mims (Fla.)
Description
Episode 40 of A History of Central Florida Podcast: Icons of Hate. RICHES Podcast Documentaries are short form narrative documentaries that explore Central Florida history and are locally produced. These podcasts can involve the participation or cooperation of local area partners. Episode 40 features a discussion of the Ku Klux Klan in Florida and their involvement in the murder of the African-American civil rights activist Harry Tyson Moore and his wife, Harriette Vyda Simms Moore. This podcast also includes interviews with Michael Newton, author of <em>The Invisible Empire: The Ku Klux Klan in Florida</em>, and Ben Green, the author of <em>Before His Time: The Untold Story of Harry T. Moore, America's First Civil Rights Martyr</em>.
Type
Sound/Podcast
Source
Original 13-minute and 36-second podcast by Katie Kelley, 2013: RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Orlando, Florida. <a href="http://youtu.be/v9NsFcxNZW8" target="_blank">http://youtu.be/v9NsFcxNZW8</a>.
Requires
<a href="http://www.apple.com/itunes/affiliates/download/" target="_blank">iTunes</a>
Is Part Of
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>, Orlando, Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/137" target="_blank">A History of Central Florida Collection</a>, RICHES Podcast Documentaries Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
Coverage
Orange County Regional History Center, Orlando, Florida
Harry & Harriette Moore Memorial Park, Mims, Florida
Creator
Kelley, Katie
Publisher
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>
Contributor
Newton, Michael
Green, Ben
Cassanello, Robert
Dickens, Bethany
Clarke, Bob
Ford, Chip
Gibson, Ella
Hazen, Kendra
Velásquez, Daniel
<a href="https://www.thehistorycenter.org/" target="_blank">Orange County Regional History Center</a>
<a href="http://www.harryharriettemoore.org/%20target=">Harry & Harriette Moore Memorial Park</a>
<a href="http://www.floridamemory.com/" target="_blank">Florida Memory Project</a>
<a href="http://www.loc.gov/" target="_blank">Library of Congress</a>
Date Created
2013
Date Issued
2015-01-11
Date Copyrighted
2015-01-11
Format
application/website
Medium
13-minute and 36-second podcast
Language
eng
Mediator
History Teacher
Civics/Government Teacher
Geography Teacher
Provenance
Originally created by Katie Kelley and published by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>.
Rights Holder
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>
Accrual Method
Item Creation
Contributing Project
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
External Reference
"<a href="http://youtu.be/v9NsFcxNZW8" target="_blank">A History of Central Florida, Episode 40: Icons of Hate</a>." RICHES of Central Florida.
"<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2488" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 35: Harry T. Moore, Part 1</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2488.
"<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2489" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 36: Harry T. Moore, Part 2</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2489.
"<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2463" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 11: Harry T. Moore: An Interview with Dr. Jim Clark</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2463.
Newton, Michael. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/47136480" target="_blank"><em>The Invisible Empire: The Ku Klux Klan in Florida</em></a>. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2001.
Green, Ben. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/40403600" target="_blank"><em>Before His Time: The Untold Story of Harry T. Moore, America's First Civil Rights Martyr</em></a>. New York, NY: Free Press, 1999.
Click to View (Movie, Podcast, or Website)
<a href="http://youtu.be/v9NsFcxNZW8" target="_blank">A History of Central Florida, Episode 40: Icons of Hate</a>
1st Avenue
A History of Central Florida
African American
assassination
Before His Time: The Untold Story of Harry T. Moore, America's First Civil Rights Martyr
bomb
Central Boulevard
Chamberlain, J. N.
Christmas
civil rights
civil rights activist
Civil Rights Movement
Civil War
Clarke, Bob
Confederacy
Confederate Flag
Confederate States of American
Confederate veteran
Democrat
Democratic Party
desegregation
Dixon, Thomas
Evers, Medgar Wiley
First Avenue
Flagler Street
Ford, Chip
fraternal organization
Freedom Avenue
Gibson, Ella
Greater Miami Estates
Green, Ben
Griffith, D. W.
Harry and Harriette Moore Memorial Park
Harry T. and Harriette V. Moore Cultural Complex
hate group
Hazen, Kendra
Hialeah Riding Academy
Hughes, Langston
Imperial Wizard
integration
Kelley, Katie
Kendall Road
King, Martin Luther, Jr.
KKK
Klan Circus
Klan robe
Krome Avenue
Ku Klux Klan
Ku Klux Klan of Florida, Inc.
Meacher Brothers
Miami
Mims
Moore, Harriette V.
Moore, Harry T.
murder
NAACP
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
Newton, Michael
OCRHC
orange county
Orange County Regional History Center
orlando
parade
podcast
poem
political rally
race relations
racism
Reconstruction
RICHES
Robert Cassanello
segregation
Simmons, William Joseph
slave
slavery
South
Southern Democrat
Spingarn Medal
St. Johns Manor
terrorism
terrorist
The Ballad of Harry Moore
The Birth of a Nation
The Invisible Empire: The Ku Klux Klan in Florida
Velásquez, Daniel
veteran
Vigilante
vigilantism
White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan
White League
white power
World War I
WWI
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A History of Central Florida Collection
Alternative Title
History of Central Florida Collection
Subject
Podcasts
Documentaries
Description
A History of Central Florida Podcast series explores Central Florida's history through the artifacts found in local area museums and historical societies.
Contributor
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
Cassanello, Robert
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/70" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida.
Language
eng
Type
Collection
Coverage
Altoona, Florida
Astor, Florida
Brevard County, Florida
Bushnell, Florida
Clermont, Florida
Cocoa Beach, Florida
Daytona Beach, Florida
DeLand, Florida
Disston City, Florida
Fort King, Florida
Geneva, Florida
Goldenrod, Florida
Groveland, Florida
Holly Hill, Florida
Hontoon Island, DeLand, Florida
Jacksonville, Florida
Kissimmee, Florida
Lake Apopka, Florida
Lake County, Florida
Lake Mary, Florida
Marion County, Florida
Merritt Island, Florida
Miami, Florida
Mims, Florida
Mount Dora, Florida
Newnans Lake, Gainesville, Florida
New Smyrna, Florida
New Smyrna Beach, Florida
Ocala, Florida
Ocklawaha River, Florida
Orlando, Florida
Ormond Beach, Florida
Osceola County, Florida
Sanford, Florida
Silver Springs, Florida
St. Augustine, Florida
St. Cloud, Florida
St. Johns River, Florida
St. Petersburg, Florida
Tampa, Florida
Tavares, Florida
Weirsdale, Florida
Winter Garden, Florida
Winter Park, Florida
Ybor City, Tampa, Florida
Rights Holder
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>
Contributing Project
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
External Reference
"<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php.
Moving Image
A series of visual representations that, when shown in succession, impart an impression of motion.
Original Format
1 podcast
Duration
12 minutes and 10 seconds
Compression
136kbps
Producer
Cassanello, Robert
Director
Bethany, Dickens
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A History of Central Florida, Episode 37: Uniforms
Alternative Title
Uniforms Podcast
Subject
Podcasts
Documentaries
United States. Army
Women's Army Corps (U.S.)
Women--Florida
World War II, 1939-1945
Daytona Beach (Fla.)
Description
Episode 37 of A History of Central Florida Podcast: Uniforms. RICHES Podcast Documentaries are short form narrative documentaries that explore Central Florida history and are locally produced. These podcasts can involve the participation or cooperation of local area partners. Episode 37 features a discussion of the Women's Army Corps (WAC) uniform displayed at the Halifax Historical Museum in Daytona Beach, Florida. This podcast also includes interviews with Dr. Tracy J. Revels of Wofford College and Dr. Leonard Lemple of Daytona State College.
Type
Moving Image
Source
Original 12-minute and 10-second podcast by Bethany Dickens, 2013: RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Orlando, Florida. <a href="http://youtu.be/RjOg09aeokc" target="_blank">http://youtu.be/RjOg09aeokc</a>.
Requires
<a href="http://www.apple.com/itunes/affiliates/download/" target="_blank">iTunes</a>
Is Part Of
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>, Orlando, Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/137" target="_blank">A History of Central Florida Collection</a>, RICHES Podcast Documentaries Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
Coverage
Halifax Historical Museum, Daytona Beach, Florida
Creator
Bethany, Dickens
Publisher
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>
Contributor
Revels, Tracy J.
Lemple, Leonard
Cassanello, Robert
Clarke, Bob
Ford, Chip
Gibson, Ella
Hazen, Kendra
Kelley, Katie
Velásquez, Daniel
<a href="http://halifaxhistorical.org/" target="_blank">Halifax Historical Museum</a>
<a href="http://www.loc.gov/" target="_blank">Library of Congress</a>
<a href="http://www.floridamemory.com/" target="_blank">Florida Memory Project</a>
<a href="http://www.archives.gov/" target="_blank">National Archives and Records Administration</a>
Date Created
2013
Date Issued
2015-01-11
Date Copyrighted
2015-01-11
Format
application/website
Medium
12-minute and 10-second podcast
Language
eng
Mediator
History Teacher
Civics/Government Teacher
Provenance
Originally created by Bethany Dickens and published by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>.
Rights Holder
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>
Accrual Method
Item Creation
Contributing Project
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
External Reference
"<a href="http://youtu.be/RjOg09aeokc" target="_blank">A History of Central Florida, Episode 37: Uniforms</a>." RICHES of Central Florida.
Williams, Vera S. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/36949896" target="_blank"><em>WACs: Women's Army Corps</em></a>. Osceola, Wis: Motorbooks International, 1997.
Holm, Jeanne. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/8588924" target="_blank"><em>Women in the Military: An Unfinished Revolution</em></a>. Novato, CA: Presidio Press, 1982.
Click to View (Movie, Podcast, or Website)
<a href="http://youtu.be/RjOg09aeokc" target="_blank">A History of Central Florida, Episode 37: Uniforms</a>
A History of Central Florida
African American
Albright, Helen
Army
Beach Street
Bethune-Cookman College
Bethune, Mary McLeod
civil rights
Civil War
Clarke, Bob
coat
Daytona Beach
Daytona State College
desegregaiton
Dickens, Bethany
DSC
Ford, Chip
Gibson, Ella
Great Depression
Halifax Historical Museum
Hazen, Kendra
Hobby, Oveta Culp
Howard, Alice
integration
Iowa
Jewish
Jewish American
Kelley, Katie
Lemple, Leonard
liberty Ship
nurse
OCRHC
Orange County Regional History Center
pilot
podcast
race relations
Raymond, H. H.
recruitment
Redondo Beach, California
Revels, Tracy J.
RICHES
Robert Cassanello
Roosevelt, Anna Eleanor
Roosevelt, Eleanor
Roosevelt, Franklin Delanor
segregation
service industry
souvenir patch
St. Petersburg
St. Regis Restaurant
tourism
training
Tyndall Field
U.S. Armed Forces
U.S. Army
uniform
Van Nuys, Los Angeles, California
Velásquez, Daniel
WAAC
WAC
war effort
Wofford College
women
Women's Army Auxiliary Corps
Women's Army Corps
women's rights
Works Progress Administration
World War I
World War II
WPA
WWI
WWII
-
https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/1b0ca7b267bd0da0c01d9e5851bf9f56.pdf
657461cfd74c12dc2ae5114fd8e4527d
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Oviedo Historical Society Collection
Alternative Title
Oviedo Historical Society Collection
Subject
Oviedo (Fla).
Description
The Oviedo Historical Society Collection encompasses historical artifacts donated for digitization at the Oviedo Historical Society's History Harvest in the Spring semester of 2015.
The Oviedo Historical Society was organized in November 1973 by a group of citizens. The society is a 501(3) non-profit organization. Its purpose is to help preserve the community identity of Oviedo by collecting and disseminating knowledge about local history, serve as a repository for documents and artifacts relating to Oviedo history, promote the preservation and marking of historic sites and buildings in the Oviedo area and foster interest in local, state, national, and world history.
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/128" target="_blank">Oviedo Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
Language
eng
Type
Collection
Coverage
Oviedo, Florida
Contributing Project
<a href="http://oviedohs.com/" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society</a>
<a href="http://history.cah.ucf.edu/staff.php?id=304" target="_blank">Dr. Connie L. Lester</a>'s Introduction to Public History course, Spring 2015
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
External Reference
"<a href="http://oviedohs.com/" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society</a>." Oviedo Historical Society, Inc. http://oviedohs.com/.
Adicks, Richard, and Donna M. Neely. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5890131" target="_blank"><em>Oviedo, Biography of a Town</em></a>. S.l: s.n.], 1979.
Robison, Jim. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/796757419" target="_blank"><em>Around Oviedo</em></a>. 2012.
"<a href="http://www.cityofoviedo.net/node/68" target="_blank">History</a>." City of Oviedo, Florida. http://www.cityofoviedo.net/node/68.
"<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/audio/Ep41-Oviedo.mp3" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 41: Oviedo, with Dr. Richard Adicks</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/audio/Ep41-Oviedo.mp3.
Oral History
A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge.
Interviewer
Dossie, Porsh
Interviewee
Boston, Ida
Location
Oviedo, Florida
Original Format
1 audio/video recording
Duration
15 minutes and 38 seconds
Bit Rate/Frequency
127kbps
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Oral History of Ida Boston
Alternative Title
Oral History, Boston
Subject
Oral history--United States
Oviedo (Fla.)
Education--Florida
Schools
Churches--Florida
Baptists--Florida
Segregation--Florida
Cemeteries--Florida
Graveyards
Civil rights--Florida
Description
An oral history of Ida Boston, conducted by Porsha Dossie on April 18, 2015. Boston is a resident of Oviedo, Florida, and a retired school bus driver for the Seminole County Public Schools. In 1956, she married her husband, Russell Boston, who is the grandson of Prince Butler Boston, a leading figure in Oviedo's black community. In this oral history, Boston discusses the legacy of Prince Butler Boston, establishing a colored cemetery, funding colored schools in the Oviedo area, and the Antioch Missionary Baptist Church. Boston also discusses black life in Oviedo, including membership in the Oviedo Citizens in Action Committee (OCIAC), which desegregated public places in Oviedo and fought for integration of Oviedo's schools.
Table Of Contents
<br />0:00:00 Introduction<br />0:01:08 Prince Butler Boston and the Boston Family<br />0:04:17 Married life<br />0:05:46 History Harvest<br />0:07:51 Oviedo Citizens in Action Committee<br />0:10:47 Black life in Seminole County<br />0:13:24 Boston Hill Cemetery and Antioch Missionary Baptist Church<br />0:15:20 Closing remarks
Abstract
Oral history interview of Ida Boston. Interview conducted by Porsha Dossie at the <a href="http://oviedohs.com/" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society</a> in Oviedo, Florida, on April 18, 2015.
Type
Moving Image
Source
Boston, Ida. Interviewed by Porsha Dossie, April 18, 2015. Audio/video record available. Oviedo History Harvest, <a href="http://oviedohs.com/" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society</a>, Oviedo, Florida.
Requires
<a href="http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer/" target="_blank"> Adobe Flash Player</a>
<a href="http://java.com/en/download/index.jsp" target="_blank"> Java</a>
<a href="https://get.adobe.com/reader/" target="_blank">Adobe Acrobat Reader</a>
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/147" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society Collection</a>, Oviedo Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
Has Format
10-page digital transcript of original 15-minute and 38-second oral history: Boston, Ida. Interviewed by Porsha Dossie, April 18, 2015. Audio/video record available. Oviedo History Harvest, <a href="http://oviedohs.com/" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society</a>, Oviedo, Florida.
Coverage
Oviedo Colored School, Oviedo, Florida
Antioch Missionary Baptist Church, Oviedo, Florida
Home of the Boston Family, Oviedo, Florida
Home of Prince Butler Boston, Oviedo, Florida
Boston Hill Cemetery, Oviedo, Florida
Creator
Boston, Ida
Dossie, Porsha
Publisher
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>
Date Created
2015-04-18
Date Copyrighted
2015-04-18
Format
video/mp4
application/pdf
Extent
462 MB
141 KB
Medium
15-minute and 38-second audio/video recording
10-page digital transcript
Language
eng
Mediator
History Teacher
Provenance
Originally created by Ida Boston and Porsha Dossie and published by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>.
Rights Holder
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>
Accrual Method
Item Creation
Contributing Project
<a href="http://oviedohs.com/" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society</a>
Curator
Dossie, Porsha
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>
External Reference
Robinson, Jim. "<a href="http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1989-02-02/news/8902030156_1_oviedo-grove-boston" target="_blank">Boston's dedication bears fruit in community, citrus industry</a>." <em>The Orlando Sentinel</em>, February 2, 1989. http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1989-02-02/news/8902030156_1_oviedo-grove-boston.
"<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/audio/Ep41-Oviedo.mp3" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 41: Oviedo, with Dr. Richard Adicks</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/audio/Ep41-Oviedo.mp3.
Adicks, Richard, and Donna M. Neely. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5890131" target="_blank"><em>Oviedo, Biography of a Town</em></a>. S.l: s.n.], 1979.
Robison, Jim. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/796757419" target="_blank"><em>Around Oviedo</em></a>. 2012.
"<a href="http://www.cityofoviedo.net/node/68" target="_blank">History</a>." City of Oviedo, Florida. http://www.cityofoviedo.net/node/68.
Click to View (Movie, Podcast, or Website)
<a href="https://youtu.be/iUjvhmIEORY" target="_blank">Oral History of Ida Boston</a>
Academy Place
African American
agriculture
Alexander Atkinson
Antioch Missionary Baptist Church
Baptist
barber
barbershop
Boston Alley
Boston Hill Cemetery
Boston Street
bus
bus driver
Butler Boston Project
Canterbury Retreat
carpenter
cemetery
church
citrus
City of Oviedo
civil rights
Civil Rights Movement
desegregation
Division Street
doctor
drugstore
education
equal rights
farmer
farming
First United Methodist Church of Oviedo
graveyard
grower
Henry Jackson
Ida Boston
integration
Jackson Heights Elementary School
Jackson Heights Middle School
James Bordy
Joseph Boston
Julia Boston
Lake Gem
Lindsay Lane
Little Red School House
nonviolent resistance
OCIAC
OHS
oral history
orange
Oviedo
Oviedo Citizens in Action
Oviedo Colored School
Oviedo High School
physician
plantation
Porsha Dossie
Prince Butler Atkinson
Prince Butler Boston
protest
race relations
racism
Russell W. Boston
Sanford
school
SCPS
segregation
Seminole County
Seminole County Public Schools
sit-down
sit-in
-
https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/209cd6cba1103ff8c3daed3d4cafd360.pdf
12a7ab5300e96f5d03a70c6384e653dd
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Oviedo Historical Society Collection
Alternative Title
Oviedo Historical Society Collection
Subject
Oviedo (Fla).
Description
The Oviedo Historical Society Collection encompasses historical artifacts donated for digitization at the Oviedo Historical Society's History Harvest in the Spring semester of 2015.
The Oviedo Historical Society was organized in November 1973 by a group of citizens. The society is a 501(3) non-profit organization. Its purpose is to help preserve the community identity of Oviedo by collecting and disseminating knowledge about local history, serve as a repository for documents and artifacts relating to Oviedo history, promote the preservation and marking of historic sites and buildings in the Oviedo area and foster interest in local, state, national, and world history.
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/128" target="_blank">Oviedo Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
Language
eng
Type
Collection
Coverage
Oviedo, Florida
Contributing Project
<a href="http://oviedohs.com/" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society</a>
<a href="http://history.cah.ucf.edu/staff.php?id=304" target="_blank">Dr. Connie L. Lester</a>'s Introduction to Public History course, Spring 2015
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
External Reference
"<a href="http://oviedohs.com/" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society</a>." Oviedo Historical Society, Inc. http://oviedohs.com/.
Adicks, Richard, and Donna M. Neely. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5890131" target="_blank"><em>Oviedo, Biography of a Town</em></a>. S.l: s.n.], 1979.
Robison, Jim. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/796757419" target="_blank"><em>Around Oviedo</em></a>. 2012.
"<a href="http://www.cityofoviedo.net/node/68" target="_blank">History</a>." City of Oviedo, Florida. http://www.cityofoviedo.net/node/68.
"<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/audio/Ep41-Oviedo.mp3" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 41: Oviedo, with Dr. Richard Adicks</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/audio/Ep41-Oviedo.mp3.
Document
A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.
Original Format
76-page booklet
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A Written and Pictorial History of the Oviedo Area Colored Schools, 1890-1967
Alternative Title
History of the Oviedo Area Colored Schools
Subject
Oviedo (Fla.)
African Americans--Florida
Schools
Education--Florida
Segregation--Florida
Elementary schools--United States
Middle schools--Florida
Students--Florida
Teachers--Florida
Educators--Florida
Description
In 2001, former students of the African-American schools planned a class reunion for alumni who attended the schools between 1953 and 1967. The schools included were Oviedo Colored School (later called Oviedo Elementary School), Jackson Heights Elementary School, Geneva Colored School, Wagner Colored School, Kolokee Colored School, and Gabriella Colored School. This booklet details the history of black community's drive to create a place to educate the children of the community with a general overview and timeline of the consolidation of the Oviedo-area schools into two distinct campuses in the predominantly African-American Jackson Heights neighborhood. This document demonstrates segregation in education in Seminole County, Florida, a subject that has not be fully explored in relation to Oviedo's history.
Type
Text
Source
Original 76-page booklet: The World Outside Reunion, "A Written and Pictorial History of the Oviedo Area Colored Schools": Judith Smith Publishing: Private Collection of Ida Boston.
Requires
<a href="http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer/" target="_blank">Adobe Flash Player</a>
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/147" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society Collection</a>, Oviedo Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
Is Format Of
Digital reproduction of 76-page original booklet: The World Outside Reunion, "A Written and Pictorial History of the Oviedo Area Colored Schools": Judith Smith Publishing.
Coverage
Red School House, Oviedo, Florida
Oviedo Colored School, Oviedo, Florida
Oviedo Elementary School, Oviedo, Florida
Jackson Heights Elementary School, Oviedo, Florida
Orange Academy, Oviedo, Florida
Seminole Academy, Oviedo, Florida
Oviedo Junior High School, Oviedo, Florida
Geneva Colored School, Geneva, Florida
Wagner Colored School, Oviedo, Florida
Kolokee Colored School, Kolokee, Geneva, Florida, Gabriella Colored School, Gabriella, Oviedo, Florida
Creator
The World Outside Reunion
Publisher
Judith Smith Publishing
Contributor
Mitchell Studio
Jameson Studio
Raymond Studio
Boston, Ida
Date Created
2001
Format
application/pdf
Extent
11.2 MB
Medium
76-page booklet
Language
eng
Mediator
History Teacher
Provenance
Originally created by The World Outside Reunion and published by Judith Smith Publishing.
Rights Holder
Copyright to this resource is held by The World Outside Reunion and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only.
Accrual Method
Donation
Contributing Project
<a href="http://oviedohs.com/" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society</a>
Curator
Dossie, Porsha
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
Private Collection of Ida Boston
External Reference
Robison, Jim. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/796757419" target="_blank"><em>Around Oviedo</em></a>. 2012.
"<a href="http://www.usgennet.org/usa/fl/county/seminole/Geneva/extinct_towns_.htm" target="_blank">Extinct Towns in the Geneva Area*</a>." Geneva Historical &amp
Genealogical Society, Inc.. http://www.usgennet.org/usa/fl/county/seminole/Geneva/extinct_towns_.htm.
"<a href="http://www.usgennet.org/usa/fl/county/seminole/Geneva/schools.htm" target="_blank">The Geneva Area Schools</a>." Geneva Historical &amp
Genealogical Society, Inc. http://www.usgennet.org/usa/fl/county/seminole/Geneva/schools.htm.
"<a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/parksrec/museum/black_schools.aspx" target="_blank">1878 -1913 Black Schools in Seminole County</a>." Parks and Preservation, Seminole County Government. http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/parksrec/museum/black_schools.aspx.
. J. Witherspoon
A. Allen
A. Barkley
A. Brooks
A. Browdy
A. Bryant
A. C. Clyton
A. Ely
A. Gainey
A. Garrett
A. Goddett
A. Green
A. Harris
A. J. Muller
A. James
A. Link
A. McKeaver
A. Muller
A. Perkins
A. Rouse
A. Whitney
A. Williams
A. Wright
Academy Avenue
Adeline Jones
African
African American
Alba Finalayeon
Albertha Robinson
Aleatha Hamilton
Allen
Altermese Smith Bentley
alumni
Angie Haws
Annie Corbin Stokes
Annie M. Lovette
Annie Martin
Annie Ruth Howard
Annie Stoke O'Neille
Annie Stokes O'Neille
Antioch Missionary Baptist Church
Arbesto M. Craddock
Arbesto M. Washington
Arbesto Muller
Arbesto Muller Johnson
Arbesto Muller Lloyd
Arcee James
Arlene Link Hickson
Arthur Mae Scott
B-CC
B. Banks
B. Browdy
B. Bush
B. Gainey
B. James
B. Jefferson
B. Jones
B. Knight
B. Lewis
B. McKenzie
B. Mims
B. Pittman
B. Tossie
B. Waller
B. White
B. Williams
B. Wright
banks
Baptist
bass
bell
Bernard Hamblen
Bernice Hatcher
Bernice Hatcher Muller
Bernie Walker
Bethune-Cookman College
Betty Crumity Robinson
Betty Joyce Browdy
Beverly Bowers
Black Family Today
Bless Us O Lord
Bobby Henderson
Bonnie Williams
Boston
Brenda Gainey Wilson
Brenda Walker Greene
Broadway Street
Browdy
bus driver
Butler P. Boston
C. Allen
C. Cobb
C. Finney
C. Freeman
C. Gainey
C. Grayson
C. Harris
C. Hatcher
C. Hill
C. Izzard
C. Jackson
C. King
C. Knight
C. L. West
C. Lamar
C. Mikell
C. Moore
C. Noble
C. White
C. Williams
Carrie Mims
Charles Middleton
Charline Whipper
Charlotte Foster
Charlotte Sermons
church
Clara Shellman Walters
Cloie Bacon
Cloie Rhodes Bacon-Brunson
community center
Cook
Cora Snead
Crane
custodian
D. Allen
D. Banks
D. Banks. V. Cone
D. Boston
D. Bowers
D. Carwise
D. Coffie
D. Denyse Hinton
D. H. Bacon
D. H. Jamison
D. Hinton
D. Korn
D. Link
D. Morris
D. Noble
D. Williams
Daisy Elliott
Daphne Bryant
Darius Grayson
David Bush
David Tossie
Debra Holcomb
desegregation
doctor
Dorothy Wilson
Doshia Knight Mitchell
Dossie
E. Allen
E. Bacon
E. Banks
E. Bish
E. Boston
E. Coffie
E. Dixon
E. Gainey
E. Graham
E. Link
E. M. Bush
E. McKenzie
E. Moore
E. Smith
E. Stallworth
E. Washington
E. Whipper
E. Williams
E. Witherspoon
Earline Tossie Carwise
education
educator
Edward Blacksheare
Edward L. Humphrey
Edward Whipper
Eleanor Mobley
elementary school
Ella Bowers
Elliott Smith
Elmira Jaye Fields
Elmira Jaye Fields Hall
Elnora Allen Gilchrist
Emma Byrd
Ethel Burney
Ethel Mason
Evans Bacon
Evelyn Anderson
Evelyn Schroeder
Evelyn Wiggins
F. Braswell
F. Browdy
F. Browdy, Jr.
F. Clark
F. Forte
F. M. Browdy
F. McKeaver
F. Pauldo
Fannie Reed
First Methodist Church
Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University
Forster
Fountainhead Missionary Baptist Church
Frances
Freddie Muller Mobley
freeman
G. Boston
G. Browdy
G. Brown
G. Bush
G. C. Banks
G. Godwin
G. H. Carlton
G. Mikell
G. Muller
G. Pittman
G. Redding
G. Rolle
G. Sapp
G. Smith. R. Ely
G. Stallworth
G. Washington
G. Williams
G. Wilson
Gabriella Colored School
Geneva
Geneva Colored School
Georgianna McClendon
Georgianna Thompson
Gertrude Davis
Gladys Finney
Gladys Holmes
Gladys Holmes Smith
Gladys Ingram
Gladys Smith
Gloria Godwin
Gracia Muller
Gracia Muller-Miller
graduate
graduation
Greg Tossie
H. Bass
H. Bush
H. Carwise
H. Davis
H. Denard
H. Denard. C. Carwise
H. Detreville
H. Dumas
H. Jones
H. Muller
H. Rhodes
H. Washington
Hamilton Elementary School
Harry Stewart
Hattie McGee
Hayley Miller
Herbert Cherry
Herbert Washington
Holly Malcolm
Horace Jackson
Hortense Givings
Hortense Givings Evans
Howard Bass
I. Barkley
I. Brinson
I. Browers
I. Cobb
I. Muller
Ida Muller
Ida Muller Anderson
Inez Barthwell
Inez Barthwell Rhodes
Ingrid Muller Witherspoon
integration
Isaac Bowers
J. Argo
J. Bass
J. Boston
J. Browdy
J. Brown
J. Bryant
J. Bumont
J. Cobb
J. E. Oxedine
J. Fields
J. H. Browdy
J. Hird
J. Hodges
J. Izzard
J. Jackson
J. Jones
J. King
J. Knight
J. Matthew
J. Moore
J. Robinson
J. Smith
J. Tilden Jacobs
J. W. Muller
J. W. Wright. H. Boston
J. Washington
J. Williams
J. Wynn
Jackie Morgan
Jackson
Jackson Heights Elementary School
Jackson Heights Elementary School Dance Society
Jackson Heights Middle School
James Golden
Jameson Studio
Janice Brockington-Renn
Janie Jackson
janitor
Jannie Jackson
Jeannette Glover Oliver
Jennie Jackson
Jennie McPherson
Jessie Bronson
JHES
Jimmie Lee Blair
John Richard Edward Jones
Johnnie Copper
Johnnie M. McGee
Joseph S. Smith
Juanita McClendon
Judith Smith
Judith Smith Publishing
Julia Merritt
K. Ashe
K. Washington
Karen Jacobs
Karen Ponder
Kathy Denard
Katie R. Burke
Kelley Muller-Smith
Kolokee Colored School
L. Alexander
L. Ashe
L. Bass
L. Blair
L. Bruce
L. Bryant
L. C. Redding
L. Cooper
L. Crane
L. Davis
L. Elliot
L. Fudge
L. G. Smith
L. Hendrix
L. Jones
L. Lewis
L. Sapp
L. Smith
L. Whipper
L. Wilkerson
L. Wilson
L. Wynn
Lamar
LaRhonda Jones
Larry Miller
librarian
Lillie Robinson Hall
Lillie Robinson Hall Williams
Linda Johnson
Linda Smith Johnson
Lois Smith
Lola Nettles
Louis Parnell
Louise Parnell
Louise Parnell Williams
Lucille Jackson
M. Allen
M. Bell
M. Brooks
M. Bryant
M. Carwise
M. Culons
M. F. Muller
M. Frances
M. Francis
M. Graham
M. Grimmage
M. Jackson
M. James
M. Jones
M. Lott
M. Lowman
M. Martin
M. Milton
M. Oxedine
M. Rhodes
M. Smith
M. Stallworth
M. Stewart
M. Whiney
M. Williams
Mae Edwards
Mae F. Edwards Muller
Mae Francis Edwards Muller
Mae Lindsey
Margaret Dixon
Margaret Lee
Margie Garner
Marie Stocer
Marimon
Mark Wilson
Marvin Collins
Marvin Stervin
Mary Clark
Mary Curtis
Mary E. Francis
Mary Elburt
Mary Helen Carwise
Mary Helen Carwise Smith
Marylen Mobley
middle school
Miller
Mims
Mintrel Martin
Mitchell Studio
N. Brown
N. Link
N. Stallworth
Nan Parker
O. Banks
O. Boston
O. C. Banks
O. Davis
O. King
O. Wilson
OHS
Ophelia Jones Moore
Ora D. Lee
orange county
Ossie Banks
Oviedo
Oviedo Colored School
Oviedo Elementary School
Oviedo Historical Society
Oviedo Negro Schools
P. Bellamy
P. Denard
P. Green
P. Greene
P. Hatcher
P. Hollermann
P. Jefferson
P. Moore
P. Morgan
P. Redding
P. Williams
Pam Mazzotta
Pardon Farm
Parent-Teacher Association
Park's Grocery
Paul Laws
Pearl Sermons
Praise Dancers
principal
PTA
Q. Muller
Quinncia Muller
R. Ashe
R. Banks
R. Barkley, Jr.
R. Boston
R. Bush
R. Figures
R. Fudge
R. Gainey
R. Godwin
R. Hartsfield
R. Jones
R. McKeaver
R. Mims
R. Moore
R. Morgan
R. Muller
R. Robinson
R. Rouse
R. Stallworth
R. Stewart
Ray Hall Wright
Raymond Studio
Rebecca Inge
Red School House
Reed
reunion
Rhodes
Robert Boston
Robert Calhoun
Robin Muller
Robinson
Ronald Godwin
Rouse
S. Argo
S. Bass
S. E. Monroe
S. Glover
S. Grimmage
S. Harper
S. Hodges
S. Jackson
S. Jones
S. Knight
S. Link
S. Norris
S. Smith
S. T. Muller
S. W. Baker
S. Williams
Sam Jones
Samuel Stallworth
Sandra Kahn
Sanford
school
SCPS
segregation
Seminole County
Seminole County Public Schools
Silver Springs
slave
slavery
Snowhill
South Division Street
St. James African Methodist Episcopal Church
St. James AME Church
student
Susie Blacksheare
Susie Bronson
Susie Harrington
T. Bush
T. Denise Perkins
T. Hill
T. J. Williams
T. Jackson
T. Jefferson
T. Levine
T. M. Vinson
T. Quinn
T. W. Lawton
T. Williams
Tara Denise Stewart Perkins
teacher
The New Gospelettes
The World Outside Reunion
Thelma Zachery
Thomas Reid
U. Campbell
U. McFadden
U. P. Bronson
U. S. Bacon
UN
United Nations
V. Braswell
V. Campbell
V. Cone
V. Francis
V. Gainey
V. Harris
V. Jenkins
V. Robinson
Vivian Hurston Bowden
W. Banks
W. Barkley
W. Bass
W. Boston
W. Braswell
W. Brown
W. Conley
W. Goddett
W. H. Bacon
W. H. Long
W. Harper
W. Hartsfield
W. Hollerman
W. Jackson
W. Jones
W. M. Lewis
W. Mays
W. McGray
W. Moore
W. Robinson
W. Smith
W. Vinson
W. White
Wagner Colored School
Wanda Wilkerson
Whitney Tossie
Wilbert H. Smith
William Hamilton
Willie L. Craddock
Willie Merkerson
Wylene Jones
Z. Davis
Z. Jefferson
Z. T. Davis
Zonnye M. Tucker
Zonnye T. Davis
Zonnye T. Dixon
-
https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/dac3e983596d523356a270dec6716ae8.pdf
6d5497eb7b17fb887d2f6c59eee9cd5c
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Sanford Collection
Description
The present-day Sanford area was originally inhabited by the Mayaca/Joroco natives by the time Europeans arrived. The tribe was decimated by war and disease by 1760 and was replaced by the Seminole Indians. In 1821, the United States acquired Florida from Spain and Americans began to settled in the state.
Camp Monroe was established in the mid-1830s to defend the area against Seminoles during the Seminole Wars. In 1836, the United States Army built a road (present-day Mellonville Avenue) to a location called "Camp Monroe," during the Second Seminole War. Following an attack on February 8, 1837, the camp was renamed "Fort Mellon," in honor of the battle's only American casualty, Captain Charles Mellon.
The town of Mellonville was founded nearby in 1842 by Daniel Stewart. When Florida became a state three years later, Mellonville became the county seat for Orange County, which was originally a portion of Mosquito County. Citrus was the first cash crop in the area and the first fruit packing plant was constructed in 1869.
In 1870, a lawyer from Connecticut by the name of Henry Shelton Sanford (1832-1891) purchased 12,548 acres of open land west of Mellonville. His vision was to make this new land a major port city, both railway and by water. Sitting on Lake Monroe, and the head of the St. Johns River, the City of Sanford earned the nickname of “The Gate City of South Florida.” Sanford became not only a transportation hub, but a leading citrus industry in Florida, and eventually globally.
The Great Fire of 1887 devastated the city, which also suffered from a statewide epidemic of yellow fever the following year. The citrus industry flourished until the Great Freezes of 1894 and 1895, causing planters to begin growing celery in 1896 as an alternative. Celery replaced citrus as the city's cash crop and Sanford was nicknamed "Celery City." In 1913, Sanford became the county seat of Seminole County, once part of Orange County. Agriculture dominated the region until Walt Disney World opened in October of 1971, effectively shifting the Central Florida economy towards tourism and residential development.
Alternative Title
Sanford Collection
Subject
Sanford (Fla.)
Contributor
<a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a>
<a href="https://www.thehistorycenter.org/" target="_blank">Orange County Regional History Center</a>
<a href="http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/" target="_blank">Sanford Historical Society, Inc.</a>
<a href="http://www.sanfordfl.gov/index.aspx?page=108" target="_blank">Sanford Museum</a>
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/44" target="_blank">Seminole County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida.
Language
eng
Type
Collection
Coverage
Sanford, Florida
Curator
Marra, Katherine
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
External Reference
Sanford Historical Society (Fla.). <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/53015288" target="_blank"><em>Sanford</em></a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 2003.
"<a href="http://www.sanfordfl.gov/index.aspx?page=48" target="_blank">Sanford: A Brief History</a>." City of Sanford. http://www.sanfordfl.gov/index.aspx?page=48.
<em>The Seminole Herald</em>. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/52633016" target="_blank"><em>Sanford: Our First 125 Years</em></a>. [Sanford, FL]: The Herald, 2002.
<span>Mills, Jerry W., and F. Blair Reeves. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/11338196" target="_blank"><em>A Chronology of the Development of the City of Sanford, Florida: With Major Emphasis on Early Growth</em></a></span><span>, 1975.</span>
Has Part
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/82" target="_blank"><em>Celery Soup: Florida’s Folk Life Play</em> Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/65" target="_blank">Churches of Sanford Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/131" target="_blank">Creative Sanford, Inc. Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/41" target="_blank">Georgetown Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/78" target="_blank">Marie J. Francis Collection</a>, Georgetown Collection, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/101" target="_blank">Sanford Avenue Collection</a>, Georgetown Collection, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/79" target="_blank">Goldsboro Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/116" target="_blank">Henry L. DeForest Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/12" target="_blank">Hotel Forrest Lake Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/14" target="_blank">Ice Houses of Sanford Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/42" target="_blank">Milane Theatre Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/13" target="_blank">Naval Air Station Sanford Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/15" target="_blank">Sanford Baseball Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/61" target="_blank">Sanford Cigar Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/10" target="_blank">Sanford Riverfront Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/11" target="_blank">Sanford State Farmers' Market Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
Oral History
A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Oral History of Bette Skates, 2010
Alternative Title
Oral History, Skates
Subject
Sanford (Fla.)
Churches--Florida
Description
An oral history of Bette Skates, conducted by Austin Smith on July 14, 2010. As the historian of the Holy Cross Episcopal Church in Sanford, Florida, Skates discusses the history of the church and other churches in Sanford, missionaries at Mellonville and Camp Monroe, the founding of the City of Sanford by Henry Shelton Sanford (1823-1891), and how the church and the city has changed over time. The interview also includes commentary from Alicia Clarke, curator of the Sanford Museum, and Grace Marie Stinecipher (b. 1936), historian of the First Baptist Church of Sanford.
Table Of Contents
0:00:00 Introduction<br />0:01:22 Fire and rebuilding the Holy Cross Episcopal Church<br />0:09:20 First United Methodist Church and the First Baptist Church<br />0:13:31 Missionaries at Mellonville and Camp Monroe<br />0:16:54 Henry Shelton Sanford and the founding of the City of Sanford<br />0:18:34 Other churches in Sanford<br />0:25:00 How the congregation and the community has changed over time<br />0:31:28 Interesting church figures<br />0:34:49 Skates' personal background<br />0:36:49 How Sanford has changed over time<br />0:41:51 Crime in Sanford<br />0:42:27 RECORDINGS CUTS OFF<br />0:42:28 Crime, migrant labor, and desegregation<br />0:48:24 Events in Sanford<br />0:50:07 Closing remarks
Abstract
Oral history interview of Bette Skates. Interview conducted by Austin Smith at the <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a>, Sanford, Florida.
Type
Sound
Source
Skates, Bette. Interviewed by Austin Smith. July 14, 2010. <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a>, Sanford, Florida.
Requires
<a href="http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer/" target="_blank">Adobe Flash Player</a>
<a href="http://java.com/en/download/index.jsp" target="_blank">Java</a>
<a href="https://get.adobe.com/reader/" target="_blank">Adobe Acrobat Reader</a>
Is Part Of
<a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a>, Sanford, Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/43" target="_blank">Sanford Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
Coverage
Holy Cross Episcopal Church, Sanford, Florida
First United Methodist Church, Sanford, Florida
First Baptist Church, Sanford, Florida
All Souls Catholic Church Historic Chapel, Sanford, Florida
All Souls Catholic Church, Sanford, Florida's
Belair Grove, Lake Mary, Florida
St. Gertrude's Grove, Sanford Florida
Creator
Skates, Bette
Smith, Austin
Contributor
Clarke, Alicia
Stinecipher, Grace Marie
Date Created
2010-07-14
Date Modified
2014-09-30
Date Copyrighted
2010-07-14
Format
audio/wav
application/pdf
Extent
510 MB
180 KB
Medium
50-minute and 33-second audio recording
22-page typed transcript
Language
eng
Mediator
History Teacher
Economics Teacher
Provenance
Originally created by Bette Skates and Austin Smith.
Rights Holder
Copyright to this resource is held by the <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only.
Accrual Method
Donation
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a>
External Reference
"<a href="http://www.sanfordholycrossepiscopal.com/about-us.html" target="_blank">Holy Cross Episcopal Church est. 1873</a>." Holy Cross Episcopal Church. http://www.sanfordholycrossepiscopal.com/about-us.html.
Stinecipher, Grace Marie. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/10878290" target="_blank"><em>A History of the First Baptist Church, Sanford, Florida, 1884-1984</em></a>. Baltimore: Gateway Press, 1984.
Sanford Historical Society (Fla.). <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/53015288" target="_blank"><em>Sanford</em></a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 2003.
Click to View (Movie, Podcast, or Website)
<a href="http://youtu.be/76HKSRgbVcY" target="_blank">Oral History of Bette Skates</a>
Transcript
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>I’ll tell you what, if you would like to do this—I just live up the street, we could go to my house. I’ve got my printer there. Do you want pictures?</p>
<p><strong>Smith</strong> <br /> Yeah. we can get those. That’s something that we don’t even have to get today, that’s something we can get whenever you’d like.</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>What I can do is I can copy pictures of the first and second [Holy Cross Episcopal] church and, of course, the picture of the now church for the now thing, which is interesting. The way those buildings evolved tells a lot about the financial business of Sanford too, because during the very lean years nothing was done. But each time the church was destroyed it was replaced within a couple of years. And when you consider that for 19—the first church was built in 1873, and it was destroyed in 1880 and rebuilt. I think 1882 it was consecrated again. So that would be just a couple of years. And there was no money, they couldn’t even afford to hire a priest. If I go too fast, stop me.</p>
<p><strong>Smith<br /></strong>No. No problem. That’s the good thing about this.</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>So that was—I’m trying to think. So the rebuilt church from the storm, rebuilt in 1880, in 1923 it burned to the ground—everything that was in it. We saved a few—they saved a few things, and we have records of those things still now in the building.</p>
<p><strong>Smith<br /></strong>Do they know what ‘Caused the fire?</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>The fact—they think it was started—I’m trying to be succinct here. In the 1920—late 1800s till the 1920s—they used those buildings for a community center for the whole city of Sanford, because it was the only institution that could do that. There was no YMCA [Young Men’s Christian Association] or that sort of thing. And it was for the young men of Sanford. They came there in those years—let’s see 1918—it would have been the 1900s to 1920. I didn’t say that right, but anyway—they had a—what did they call it? They had a moving picture machine, and they had a bowling alley. They had a library they were going to build on just before the fire. They were getting ready to build a basketball gym. I’m trying to use the words they used but I can’t remember them all, but that never happened. So when the churched burned in 1923, it was a disaster for the whole city because of the way everybody used that facility. They had a moving picture theater, but they also had a[sic] galas and theatrical plays and things like that. They must have been really a hubbub for the city it was neat. So where do I want to go from here?</p>
<p><strong>Smith<br /></strong>Really just—at that time in 1923, that church that had burned down, that wasn’t located at the present location?</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>Uh huh. That’s the property that General [Henry Shelton] Sanford gave—probably that whole block—but then he donated the Methodist church property to them. That’s on that same block. And then there were several private homes there, but—what was I going to tell you—how the church burned.</p>
<p>The church was facing Park Avenue like it is now. And right behind it—where our parish hall is now—was a rectory, a two-story building for the priest and his mother. And right behind that was a parish hall, and right beyond that, on Magnolia [Avenue], was a private home. So when the priest—and the description is in the newspaper—a great description. I have copies of that too if you really want to go into detail. The priest said he awoke in the morning and he saw a bright light, and he thought the sun was coming up. And when he looked again, he realized it wasn’t the sun. It was a fire. The church was on fire, or the outbuildings probably first. He got his mother out, tried to save some of his books, but he had a very extensive library in his home and lost most of it. He ran to the church and tried to save his vestments. I don’t know how successful he was at that. The fire department came, but when they put the hoses on the hydrant there was no water pressure.</p>
<p><strong>Smith<br /></strong>Oh, wow.</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>So there was nothing they could do. All the buildings burned, including the house that was back there on Magnolia too. The man who lived in the house—Alicia [Clarke], I put your papers underneath—no. Alicia, underneath—right there. I tried to put them someplace where they wouldn’t…</p>
<p><strong>Clarke<br /></strong>Thank you so much. [inaudible]</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>[<em>laughs</em>] Yeah. Sorry.</p>
<p>Where was I? Oh, um. So when they, um, couldn’t get any—also the man that owned the house got his water hose out—his garden —and he tried to wet his hose down, he had no water pressure.</p>
<p>So after the smoke cleared and all the finger pointing started, it was determined that it was the City [of Sanford]’s fault, because of the water pressure. The mayor of the city at that time was Forrest Lake, which you’ve heard that name before. After many meetings—and I guess different kinds of haggling with the insurance company and the City—they also had several attorneys in the congregation. That helps. But they had the insurance money, and I think they got something like $30,000 from the City to replace the building. So after all of that, by 1924, they had started work on the new building. And by 1925 they had—I don’t think it was consecrated, because I don’t think it was paid for. I’d have to look that up, but that’s the story of the fire. And of course, that just took out that whole Fourth Street side of Magnolia and Park Avenue—those blocks. Let’s see, what else…</p>
<p><strong>Smith<br /></strong>And you said it got rebuilt in [19]24?</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>‘24. I think actually it was in ‘24—‘25.</p>
<p><strong>Smith<br /></strong>I think it’s raining.</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>Yeah. It’s going to rain. It’s one thing you can be sure of.</p>
<p><strong>Smith<br /></strong>And then did the church take on all those old roles as a community center and all those things again?</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>No. They didn’t, because they didn’t have room at the time. They built the building that’s there now, but they lost all that community that they had with the young men. We didn’t have a parish house until 1926. What’s there now was built in 1926. Of course, it was a matter of money, and keeping a priest too. Because with no money, that was difficult. Those were boom times though back when we got into the later ‘20s, as I recall. So they could finally call a priest and have one that was there. I list—I have a Holy Cross folder and I have a Historical Society folder, so I don’t have that one with me. That was an interesting time, so what’s there now, that takes care of that hunk of Sanford. I mean if you’re going to do one hunk, there you go you’ve got that.</p>
<p>Let me see, what else could we—where could we go with that?</p>
<p><strong>Smith<br /></strong>When did the—there is Methodist church directly next door…</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>Next door to us. It’s First United Methodist Church [of Sanford].</p>
<p><strong>Smith<br /></strong>And when was that building built?</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>It was in the ‘20s. I don’t remember the year exactly.</p>
<p>The First Baptist Church [of Sanford]—Grace Marie [Stinecipher] could tell you exactly when—when the brick building—that was another very old building, but not the—the brick building is the old church, Grace Marie?</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>Yeah?</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>When was the Baptist—when was the brick building built?</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>One time in 1914. The other time in 1920.</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>1914?</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>Yes. It was built in two parts.</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>Oh, it was. I didn’t know that. This is Grace Marie Stinecipher. She’s the historian at First Baptist—I was going to say Holy Baptist [<em>laughs</em>]. This is Austin [Smith]. She’s another former teacher.</p>
<p>Go head tell him about the Baptists, because we’ve been talking about that block. Because that’s going to give him a block and he can deal with that whole block. Well, no. The two blocks. I’m sorry you’re not Methodist. You’re Baptist. We’ll have to find a Methodist.</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>It was built under Reverend Harman who was here, and he went off—they built the front part, which was the Sunday school part.</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>Oh. Those two side parts?</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>The front part of the building is a Sunday school and it has four Sunday school rooms in the back and it has three floors.</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>Oh. So that’s when the chapel—I mean the auditorium…</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>And then in 1920 they added on the auditorium. He [Harman] went off to war—this is 1914. It may have been finished in ’15. We’re not really sure. And he went off to war as a chaplain, and then came back. And then they built the other part.</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>What did they do without a minister? Did they have somebody fill in?</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>The next—was Reverend Brooks the next one that came?</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>No.</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>He wasn’t for a while yet.</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>He came in ‘29.</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br />‘</strong>Cause they had one minister there that was there for 50 years.</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>No, no, no. 33.</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>Excuse me. You see, I better stick to what I know. [<em>laughs</em>] Didn’t he live in that house by me for 50 years?</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>Yes—no.</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>33?</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>Yeah. I guess so.</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>I guess I’m giving out bum information. When was that house built? Do you know?</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>It’s probably in my book, but Alicia can’t find it here.</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>Grace Marie wrote a book. A real book with covers on it.</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>And I won’t do another one. They keep asking me.</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>Bring it up to date. That was—well, that house next door was built in 1923, because it was built a year before my house I think.</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>The one—our building?</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>Your building. The rectory.</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>I’m sure it’s in the book, but I can’t remember.</p>
<p><strong>Skates </strong>Well, I wish I’d bought that book before they got away from us. You know anybody we could borrow one from?</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>I’ve got some at home, but it keeps looking like she lost this one here.</p>
<p><strong>Smith<br /></strong>What’s the title of your book?</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>[<em>A</em>] <em>History of First Baptist Church, Sanford Florida, 1884-1984</em>.</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>Well, so it was—but you didn’t have a building in [18]84?</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>One was built by the end of the—I think, by at least early 1885. A wooden building.</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>Was it? ‘Cause if Holy Cross was built in [18]73, we’re only 10 years older than you.</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>You were organized in 1890?</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>That first church was built in 1873. Actually, the missionaries down here on Mellonville Avenue when Mellonville was the city of Mellonville was here. That’s another area that might be interesting to you.</p>
<p><strong>Smith<br /></strong>If you can talk about it that would be great.</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>I can’t talk about it. I don’t know enough about Mellonville. [<em>laughs</em>] It was just a strip of buildings where the fort was, what is now called Fort Melon, but in those days it was called…</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>Monroe. Camp Monroe.</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>Monroe. There you go. It was Camp Monroe. And you have to say it that way too, you can’t say “Monroe,” you have to say “Monroe.” [<em>laughs</em>] But we could find information on it that won’t be so bad.</p>
<p><strong>Smith<br /></strong>But Holy Cross was, in addition to being set up by [General] Sanford—also those missionaries from Mellonville that came over.</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>Yes. The first priest there’s name was Holeman, and he was the “missionary at large” is what they called him. And he also came and started the church along with General Sanford—Henry Sanford. There was another guy too. I can’t think of his name right now. I’ll have to look at my notes at home. I would say the city of Mellonville was probably only about two blocks long—and Alicia could probably tell you more about that than I can.</p>
<p><strong>Clarke<br /></strong>Yeah. We have a file on Mellonville. We have a lot about it. That’s a little before Bette’s time though. [<em>laughs</em>]</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>Yeah. A little before my time. That was back when the Indians were still…</p>
<p><strong>Clarke<br /></strong>[<em>laughs</em>] If someone’s asking you about Mellonville, it’s time you’d died.</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>[<em>laughs</em>] It’s time I put the cane away and dyed my hair, huh? Oh, dear.</p>
<p>Um, so that was, um—but he was up and down. Those Episcopal—I’m sure the other church too, but I don’t know about those. But the missionaries were sent here from places like Connecticut and New York, and places like that. When they came here they didn’t know whether they were going to get shot by an Indian or eaten by an alligator, or killed by a mosquito bite, because it was a pretty wild place.</p>
<p>I read some of the diocesan records of the Episcopal priests and how they tried to get their little boats across Halifax River with sails on them. Of course, you can’t sail very well on a river. And what they went through—the thunderstorms would come and they’d get down and pull the sail over their heads and sleep in the boat all night. Tales that you read and you think, <em>And they stayed? Why didn’t they all just say “goodbye!”</em> But I guess God was stronger than the weather.</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>Alright. Let’s see what else—where do we want to go here? I’m trying to think if there’s anything else. But I do think that Holy Cross, and because of Henry Sanford, was instrumental in building the beginnings for Sanford. Henry Sanford also had his orange groves, and that’s what helped the area become agricultural; because of his orange groves. His first orange grove was down on the lakefront over here. He called that Street Gertrude [Grove].</p>
<p><strong>Clarke<br /></strong>Once again, you’re getting off in territory where we can look that up.</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>Yeah. I’m getting out of my—when I get away from Holy Cross, I’m kind of lost. [<em>laughs</em>] But that was one of his first groves and then he had his big grove—and I guess the one that was really productive—was out at Belair [Grove], which was where Chase Groves [Condominium] housing development is now. That might be an interesting thing for you to—that’s not an old development, but the Chase family had finally died out and they sold all their property, or it’s in the process I guess of being sold. But where Henry Sanford actually put down his citrus grove—Henry Sanford didn’t spend a lot of time in Sanford. He spent a lot of time writing letters telling other people how to do things, but—what else?</p>
<p><strong>Clarke<br /></strong>I’m just trying to figure out where Grace Marie’s book went.</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>Well, I wish you could find it, because I’d like it…</p>
<p><strong>Clarke<br /></strong>I’d heard her mention it, and we can’t figure out where it went.</p>
<p><strong>Smith<br /></strong>How would you say—the congregation, in those early days—what was the general make-up? Because obviously Sanford himself was Episcopal, but very early on you had a Catholic church in the area, and a Methodist Church in the area.</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>Yes. And Baptist.</p>
<p><strong>Smith<br /></strong>It seems so soon off even in 18…</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>In the 1880s-90s.</p>
<p><strong>Smith<br /></strong>There were already three or four churches in the area.</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>But remember, this is right after the Civil War. So a lot of these people that were coming south were looking to make their fortunes. And I hesitate to call them carpetbaggers, because that’s very unkind. But a lot of men—that’s when [Henry B.] Plant came. That’s when [Henry] Flagler came. So there were a lot of northerners coming down trying to make their fortune.</p>
<p><strong>Clarke<br /></strong>May I ask a question? ‘Cause I know the early churches were in Fort Reed and Mellonville—so I know the congregation started there, but is Holy Cross the first Episcopal church?</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>The first Episcopal church.</p>
<p><strong>Clarke<br /></strong>There wasn’t one in Fort Reed or Mellonville, was there?</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>No, but the missionaries were in Mellonville. Reverend Holeman and…</p>
<p><strong>Clarke<br /></strong>So they just didn’t have a church. But before Henry Sanford arrived, there were people from the Episcopal church looking around?</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>Right. There were missionaries.</p>
<p><strong>Clarke<br /></strong>And are any of those churches over around Enterprise or down Altamonte [Springs] earlier?</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>Near Enterprise—there’s an Episcopal church in Enterprise, and it’s an original. It would be worth the drive over there to see it.</p>
<p><strong>Clarke<br /></strong>But were those earlier than over here, because I thought that this was the mother church.</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>You know, I don’t remember. It’s the mother church of Central Florida.</p>
<p><strong>Clarke<br /></strong>But we don’t necessarily know if it’s the oldest Episcopal congregation.</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>Well, we don’t know. I don’t think there was one in Fort Reed.</p>
<p><strong>Clarke<br /></strong>That’s why I was asking, because the Methodists and the Presbyterians were in Fort Reed. There’s older—there’s a much older—the congregations that are in the big churches on Park Avenue are older than Sanford. Because they started—like our Masonic Lodge started—in Mellonville, so it’s older than Sanford. But that’s why I’ve never thought to ask you. I’d never heard about Episcopalians meeting in a house or anything else anywhere.</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>I never heard that either, but they did meet in Mellonville.</p>
<p><strong>Clarke<br /></strong>But as far as you know the Sanfords are the ones who started. But when you were looking through Lyman Phelps letters, was there already Episcopalians drifting around looking for a church before Mrs. [Gertrude Dupuy] Sanford started it? Or was she hoping people would become Episcopalians?</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>Yeah. Well, because so many of their friends from the North, and that’s where the money came from to build the church both times, Mrs. Sanford wrote to her friends in the North…</p>
<p><strong>Clarke<br /></strong>I had never thought about that. When we were going through things—there would have already been some people that she met with and said, “Let’s build a church.” So we don’t know if there was a minister here, or a priest or—when did they come?</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>We know that Reverend Holeman was here…</p>
<p><strong>Clarke<br /></strong>Did he come before the church?</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>Oh, yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Clarke<br /></strong>I never thought to ask you that. Was there a congregation before there was a building?</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>But he was here, and so was the Bishop of Florida—made some trips with him. And I have some diocesan records of that, which I need to look this up, because I don’t know that.</p>
<p><strong>Clarke<br /></strong>I just never thought about it that way. We know some of the congregations—the people—are older than the building we’re looking at, or the city. So depending on what you’re talking about Episcopalians.</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>Sanford never had anything to do with Holeman and the other guy—I can’t remember his name—coming here. I don’t think.</p>
<p><strong>Clarke<br /></strong>I don’t know. That’s why I thought maybe you’d run across that in something. So you’ve never seen anything?</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>No.</p>
<p><strong>Clarke<br /></strong>There was somebody in your congregation—somebody that was already here—and said to Mrs. Sanford, “We need a church.” Mrs. Sanford thought, <em>We need a church</em>.</p>
<p><strong>Skates</strong>The reason Lyman Phelps came, which was a little bit later than this, was because Sanford asked him to come from Connecticut, but he also—the man also was a botanist and he was an Episcopal priest.</p>
<p><strong>Clarke<br /></strong>So there might still be a little mystery as to how exactly they got started with the Episcopal congregation.</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>Yeah. Well, now you give us something else to think about.</p>
<p><strong>Clarke<br /></strong>I know the church, but I never thought about that.</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>I never either.</p>
<p><strong>Clarke<br /></strong>We spent all this time worrying about church number one, two, and three, but not whether or not there were already some Episcopalians or a priest here who needed a church. I always assumed they didn’t have a church, they didn’t have a congregation.</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>They met in Mellonville. I do have—I have seen that line some place. But then why Sanford—I think the Sanfords wanted the—and you tell me if I’m wrong—Henry and his wife were very aristocratic.</p>
<p><strong>Clarke<br /></strong>A social thing. Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>I mean, they were really very important people. After being—what was he given? I want to say a legation, but he’s not a legation. He was a…</p>
<p><strong>Clarke<br /></strong>A diplomat.</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>Well, I don’t see that word as often.</p>
<p><strong>Clarke<br /></strong>He was a Minister Resident. Which most people go, “What?”</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>But he was in Belgium for many years. And when he married, he was in his 40s. So when they came here, they were used to living in luxury in this little castle-looking house.</p>
<p><strong>Clarke<br /></strong>And for some reason the church is an important thing that was supposed to be here.</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>And that also elevated your prestige too. I’m making this up.</p>
<p><strong>Clarke<br /></strong>That’s what I’ve assumed from what you’ve found is that this was more than just “Oh, we’re church people.” It’s a social station. “We have to found a church.”</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Clarke<br /></strong>Because Episcopalians would have been the…</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>The upper crust. Right. So that’s what I think—I think that’s what he was aiming at. Thinking that this was a big time, but it was not [<em>laughs</em>]. I mean, when you get here and you see the hardships and the way the people lived, he lived very differently. And I’m sure Mrs. Sanford probably didn’t spend 15 minutes in Sanford if she could get a steamboat out. Do you have the Mellonville history there?</p>
<p><strong>Clarke<br /></strong>I was just curious…</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>No. Alright. Okay. Well, I’m rambling. How are you ever going to tie this together?</p>
<p><strong>Smith<br /></strong>No, no.</p>
<p><strong>Clarke<br /></strong>If there’s anything that you all talk about if you just need the founding of a church or something, something comes up, just make a note of it and we can pull the files.</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>Alright, because I’ll research some of this church business if you want to go further than this.</p>
<p><strong>Smith<br /></strong>Sure. How would you say that the congregation has changed over the years—or even that the community as a whole—has changed over the years.</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>Well, I think that what we have at Holy Cross today is a middle-aged, and I think this is true of most large churches today—city churches especially. Because you’re not going to have as many young people. Though we do have young people, as many as they probably do out at Street Luke’s Lutheran Church out there by I[nterstate Highway]-4, near Heathrow, or some of those other churches. But it’s a stable church. We’re stable.</p>
<p>It’s a beautiful building if you—if aesthetics helps you worship, then it certainly is lovely and also the Episcopal service is very different from any other church in town. We have the Holy Eucharist every Sunday, a processional, and a beautiful choir and a fantastic organ. It’s very—people say, “Is it a high church?” No. It’s not. Not in Florida. It’s not a high church. It’s a very formal church, but comfortable. It’s—that’s just one person’s opinion.</p>
<p><strong>Smith<br /></strong>How has—I guess the church itself changed over the years, or different things that it has had to go through over the years?</p>
<p><strong>Clarke<br /></strong>You mean the building?</p>
<p><strong>Smith<br /></strong>Whether the—well aside from having…</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>Fires and storms.</p>
<p><strong>Smith<br /></strong>Endured fires and storms, just any particular stories about things within the church or—that would be interesting you think?</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>Well, right now, I’m working on a memorial for the soldiers from World War II. We have, we found a large plaque with parchment inside of it—it’s not a plaque. It’s a picture with a parchment inside. It’s beautifully illustrated. Where they got this I can’t imagine. Honoring—we had 70 members from Holy Cross that were in World War II. And we—by oral tradition, all the alter furniture that we have right now was donated as a memorial to the World War II veterans. But here’s the catch: we don’t have it in writing. We don’t know that. Nobody knows that for sure, and I’m working on that—running that one down. But I did have the plaque reframed and put acid-free paper in it and everything, so it will be better preserved, and so we’re going to hang that by the pulpit. But we have a lovely—our furniture is wooden. It’s really beautiful. it’s really beautiful furniture.</p>
<p>During the wartime, everything in Sanford was booming. We had the Navy base [Naval Air Station (NAS) Sanford] out here. Did I tell you this before? I just told someone the other day. We had a—oh, I guess Dianna [Dombrowski]. There was a big boom and so we had a large congregation, a lot of the Navy families came to Holy Cross and brought their children. Then when the base closed at the end of World War II, then when [the] Korea[n War] started up, they reactivated the base and so that’s when we had another huge influx. I have pictures of our Sunday school children all lined up all the way down the sidewalk of the church—is how active everyone was. I guess in wartime people do go to church more maybe. I’m not sure [<em>laughs</em>]. So that was—so of course, we had a large congregation, then after Korea, and after they closed the base permanently. Then of course, the congregation fell off, and I think the City of Sanford went through some doldrums there for a while.</p>
<p>The houses in the historic district, which is between First Street and Thirteenth Street from Sanford Avenue to French Avenue—is the historic district, where a lot of those houses were really run-down, but then we got another shot in the arm coming about in the ‘70s-‘80s, where[sic] people started—where[sic] people started buying those old houses and realizing the value in an old house, and it was—it became trendy to buy an old house and renovate it. People coming from Orlando—and they couldn’t afford Winter Park—and Downtown Orlando. They were coming to Sanford where they were much more reasonable. So we had a lot of that at that time.</p>
<p>But Holy Cross has held its—I don’t know what our membership is. I really don’t. I don’t even think I can guess. We have a hundred—maybe a 150—on church each Sunday, but we have many more than that, I’m sure.</p>
<p>That was an interesting period the ‘70s and the ‘80s. The people were coming and buying these old houses, and then we had the [Sanford] Historic Trust—now that’s another interesting group that might give you some insights. I don’t belong to the Trust, but they have a very active membership and they—I think they’ve done a lot toward getting people to repair their old homes, and of course, they set up a few little rules and regulations that nobody likes, but you know that’s the way it is with that sort of thing. Um, I don’t know. You’ll have to ask me a question. I’m kind of…</p>
<p><strong>Smith<br /></strong>No problem. Are there any—would you say, big personalities, that you can think of, that have been connected with the church that maybe there are some interesting stories about?</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>Some interesting person from the church [<em>laughs</em>]. The only interesting person I think about in Bishop Whipple. [<em>laughs</em>] But he wasn’t from Florida.</p>
<p><strong>Clarke<br /></strong>What about somebody from within your memory?</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>Well, I don’t know…</p>
<p><strong>Clarke<br /></strong>You spend too much time before your memory.</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>I’m just lost in history.</p>
<p><strong>Clarke<br /></strong>Yeah, but about things that you remember.</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>In my life—I’m trying to—we’ve had a lot of very interesting people…</p>
<p><strong>Clarke<br /></strong>I guess the question was: who was[sic] the interesting people?</p>
<p><strong>Smith<br /></strong>Just some interesting personalities.</p>
<p><strong>Clarke<br /></strong>I—the church—I mean you’ve got the Chase family.</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>Well, the Chase family obviously. I guess we should.</p>
<p><strong>Clarke<br /></strong>He doesn’t know that.</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>Well, he doesn’t know that [<em>laughs</em>]. The Chase family—actually Alicia’s the history…</p>
<p><strong>Clarke<br /></strong>No. No, it’s—the thing is: from an outside observer—from when you’ve talked about in—I mean, it’s probably oversimplifying to say that they were sort of the aristocratic. But it does tend to be the Sanfords built the church, and then were they [the Chase family] —the major benefactors afterward?</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>Well, what happened over the years was…</p>
<p><strong>Clarke<br /></strong>What was their role in the church in your lifetime? Who were the major benefactors? Or the major players in the church?</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>I think any time anything was needed for the church, they went to the Chase family.</p>
<p><strong>Clarke<br /></strong>That’s something I always found interesting. Before your time it would have been the Sanfords, but…</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>See, when Henry Sanford died, his wife was trying to get some money to live on, because she didn’t have much, because he was pretty free with his money. But finally his son ended up selling Chase his—Henry Sanford’s—grove, Belair, to the Chase family for $5,000—500? Oh, that’s an interesting story.</p>
<p><strong>Clarke<br /></strong>That’s another story.</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>The Chase brothers [Sydney Octavius Chase, Sr. and Joshua Coffin Chase] came from—where did they come from?</p>
<p><strong>Clarke<br /></strong>That’s another story.</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>I’m back. I’m out of my element again.</p>
<p><strong>Clarke<br /></strong>Well, what do you know about them?</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>The first group of Chases, then second group. I know the second group, because Julia Chase was the last one that died that was living out there at Belair. But she was just the Grand Dam. She was just lovely. Just one of those women that, when you look at her you, just know that she’s not just anybody.</p>
<p><strong>Clarke<br /></strong>Mrs. Randall [Chase, Sr.].</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>Yes. Mrs. Randall Chase, and she was a lovely lady, but—and her family—none of her children live here, so we don’t have a Chase in our church. But when Julia died a few years ago, she had her son who was a priest, he did the…</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>Randall [Chase, Jr.].</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>Randall. Yeah. See these people I’m not that familiar with them, because I haven’t—wasn’t there when they were there. Then she has a daughter who’s also involved in the Episcopal church up—someplace up north. Was it just the two children?</p>
<p><strong>Clarke<br /></strong>No. There’s three. There’s Josh [Chase], Ran [Chase], and Laura [Chase]. You didn’t know any of them.</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>I didn’t know any of them, no. I’ve met the daughter several times when she’s been at church, but…</p>
<p><strong>Clarke<br /></strong>Who were the leaders of the altar guild and things like? What groups were you in? I don’t mean to ask questions for Austin, but I think you’re thinking so much in your historian hat. You’re not thinking that you’ve been in the church…</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>39 years. Well, since 1969. Whatever that is.</p>
<p><strong>Clarke<br /></strong>So you didn’t grow up in that church.</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>But I didn’t grow up in that church. No. I’m not a cradle Episcopalian, and you know that is not a good thing.</p>
<p><strong>Clarke<br /></strong>That is news to me. I did not know that.</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>No. I am not.</p>
<p><strong>Clarke<br /></strong>What church did you defect from?</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>I grew up in a Lutheran church.</p>
<p><strong>Clarke<br /></strong>Oh.</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>I was confirmed in a Lutheran church.</p>
<p><strong>Clarke<br /></strong>Here?</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>No. In Philadelphia, before we moved to Florida.</p>
<p><strong>Clarke<br /></strong>Oh, so that’s why you know…</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Clarke<br /></strong>So you only know about the past 39 years.</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>Yeah. Yeah. So that’s what I can—that’s what I can tell you about. And the history…</p>
<p><strong>Clarke<br /></strong>So you know about 120 years ago and 39 years ago, but nothing in between.</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>But the in-between—I’m sort of—well, actually, I was very busy I was trying to get my education and trying to raise four children, so those are lost years.</p>
<p><strong>Smith<br /></strong>No. I understand that.</p>
<p><strong>Clarke<br /></strong>But you’ve been living on Park Avenue…</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>I’ve lived in the same house for 53 years on Park Avenue.</p>
<p><strong>Clarke<br /></strong>That’s part of what I thought was interesting about Bette. She’s been living downtown. You’re talking about how downtown’s changed. You live in basically walking distance from the church.</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>I always thought that I would walk to church. I never have.</p>
<p><strong>Clarke<br /></strong>And you’ve lived down there as downtown went downhill, and came back up again. That’s why I was thinking—she’s lived in the same house all this time, right in the middle of downtown. You’re not in the historic district though, are you?</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Clarke<br /></strong>You are?</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>It’s to 13th Street.</p>
<p><strong>Clarke<br /></strong>So she’s been in the historic district before it was there.</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>And also Park Avenue used to be [U.S. Route] 17-92. I think I told you that before, and that was the main street of the town. I don’t know what year it was switched over to French Avenue. And then after French Avenue, they moved—well, 17-92 still is French Avenue, you still have to go around. I’m sorry I have these gaps.</p>
<p><strong>Smith<br /></strong>No problem. In your time as someone just living in the—so close to downtown—so close to the church—I don’t know if you went into this a lot in the last interview, but how has the area around you, that you’ve seen, changed?</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>It has, because the houses, at least—if you drive up and down those streets of the historic district, basically every house has been occupied and renovated and sold, and occupied and renovated. I mean, there’s a lot of that that’s gone on. It’s interesting to—and I don’t do it on purpose, but sometimes I find myself over on Myrtle [Street] or Elm [Avenue], which are the streets between Park and French Avenue, and I’m always kind of amazed, I think, <em>Oh my gosh! Somebody’s fixed that house up</em>. They’ve done a lot of in filling in Sanford, which is interesting. Lots that were vacant—they built houses on those lots, and the houses look a lot like my house, or other, you know, houses that are already there. So they’ve done a good job. There’s only one house in that district that I could show you that is not of era of the [19]20s-‘30s, even ‘40s. It’s—somebody was doing something in the ‘60s that it’s just one of those real modernistic looking buildings.</p>
<p>But—it’s changed, and Sanford probably right now is in a very good place I think, because they have so many of the younger crowd. I don’t really think—I don’t know this to be true—I don’t think we have a lot of churched people in this area. We have the old [All Souls] Catholic Church is right there on Ninth [Street] and Oak [Avenue], but the Catholic school is there. Now they moved the Catholic—they have services now on First Street. It’s the big church. You’ve probably seen out on First Street—a big Spanish church. But the old church there was built early on. Not as early as Holy Cross, but early. Actually, it’s a replacement too, because their first church burned. Because I know when our church burned, they gave us stuff, and when their church burned we gave them stuff, because we have some letters saying thank you for different things we gave them. But then they built the Catholic school over there, which has been a real boon to that church I think. It’s at capacity, I’m sure. It only goes to seventh or eighth grade, then they have to go to Bishop Moore [Catholic High School] in Orlando. But eventually, on their property on [Florida State Road] 46, they’re going to build a whole new church—I mean a whole new school and high school and everything. With the economy with the way it is, who knows when that will happen.</p>
<p>We have a convenience store in my neighborhood and my friends—and they’re used to be two or three houses on that property—my friends will say to me, “Bette, how did you let that happen?” I’ll say, “Y’all, I was busy.” When you’re raising a family and doing all those things—I wasn’t out there standing with my picket sign saying, “Down with 7-Eleven.” It was a 7-Eleven. It’s not anymore. Now it’s something—I don’t know what. But, so now they’ve got two filling stations on the corner of Thirteenth Street, which used to be filling stations, and then the convenience store, which is across the street down one block from me, which is not desirable. But since I didn’t get out there and picket them, I don’t know what I can do now. But that’s a danger in a neighborhood of letting those types of buildings in, because that does ruin the family atmosphere of the area. Now, that’s not being snobbish, I’m not saying that, because, you know—it’s[sic] just doesn’t belong there. If that had been a little small grocery store or something maybe—maybe, I’m not even sure about that. But once you bring that element in, then you’ve got a lot of trash and things. But it’s not like that—I mean, it was like that at a time. Every morning, I used to go out and, on my way to school, I would go and pick up the cups, and the paper, and stuff out on my front yard, but I don’t have that anymore, because they seem to be—I don’t know why not, but it’s just not. But that’s not good for a neighborhood.</p>
<p><strong>Smith<br /></strong>One thing that I’ve heard about Sanford—and some people say that it continues on even today—is that there is a high crime rate in the area, or at least in the past 5-10 years, there had been a much higher crime rate. And that’s the picture—at least certainly as someone that lives over in Orlando and only hears about Sanford—that’s the picture that’s painted.</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>Yeah. And that’s, you know—let me give you my theory on that. And now I have to go back a little bit. [<em>phone rings</em>] I have a new granddaughter and I have to answer my—excuse me.</p>
<p><strong>Smith<br /></strong>No problem. I can put this on pause.</p>
<p>The crime rate in the area and your theory on that.</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>Well, for one thing it annoys me that that’s Sanford’s reputation, because that’s not fair. Because Orlando has its areas that are just as bad. It just doesn’t seem to get as much publicity as Sanford does.</p>
<p>Here’s my theory, Sanford—when Henry Sanford—I wonder what my doodles mean. I’ll stop it. When Henry Sanford came here, this was going to be the thriving metropolis—the “Gateway to South Florida. I’m sure he envisioned all kinds of buildings and everybody coming to these stores and buying things and then moving on down south, which for a while it was like that. Of course, a lot of this has to do with fluctuations in the country’s economics too. Seems like things, you know, are up or down—are up or down.</p>
<p>The agriculture—citrus was great, but when the citrus was frozen out in 1895 and ‘96—the two back-to-back freezes—and just ruined the citrus crops. And when you’ve got those trees that will have to be taken out and replaced—that was after General Sanford’s time anyway. I think he died in ‘91. So there really wasn’t anything to do, so they started plowing up the fields and we have people in this organization [Sanford Historical Society] that are great on the celery. They started planting celery. Well, so when you get “dirt crops”—I’ll call them, ‘cause I don’t know what else you would call them—when you get crops like celery and cabbage, which is what they grew a lot of those type of crops, you have to have workers. Where do you get the workers? From someplace else, because they didn’t have—well of course, General Sanford had imported his Swedish people, but they weren’t going to do that type of work. So they got a lot of blacks coming down after the Civil War, they got people that would want to do that kind of work. When that happened, it became a migrant thing. The workers work in Sanford all through the harvest season. They would go to Upstate New York to Sodus and Syracuse, and they’d have their—well kind of like—you see the pictures of the people going west. Their cars loaded down and their children—going up north to work the fields up there. So when you have all those migrant workers, they’re not getting paid much of a wage. They don’t have a decent place to live. So areas grew up around Sanford that kind of—I mean the people were poverty-stricken. They—so when you think of poverty, you think of crime as going hand-in-hand.</p>
<p>That’s my theory of the reason that we have that and of course, with integration—or I should say with desegregation—it takes time. You can’t say, “Okay. Fine. You can come to my school today and we’ll make you well.” It doesn’t happen that fast. I mean, they’ve got to work the same years that everybody else does. So I think a lot of that was—this is just my theory. I haven’t read this in a book. I feel bad about it, because you feel guilty, because the people who are so distressed. But then you also feel sad that the whole city is tainted with the brush of holding people down, and so they’re angry and so what are they going to do? It’s—I don’t know. Does that work [<em>laughs</em>]? I just—it’s a sad story actually, I think, and it makes me feel bad. And I think when the first child was integrated in the school where my children went to school—her father was a local dentist—a black dentist. Mother—lovely people. And this one little black girl in this whole school of white children—God bless her. She turned out to be a teacher, and she’s done very well for herself, and her mother and father were wonderful people. What she suffered, I don’t know. I’ve never talked to her, but it’d be interesting to know her story. I’d like to think that she didn’t suffer, but then—I don’t know.</p>
<p>So I think that when you look at the part—and also when you take and you build like these developments, these housing projects—you’re lumping all these people that are unhappy together. And you’re supposed to be taking care of the houses. Well, sometimes the city, or whoever was in charge—like right now they’re having a big brouhaha about the upkeep of some of the project homes, so you can see what you—but Orlando has the same thing. I imagine every city has the same thing. Maybe Sanford is just more noticeable, because it’s a small town. We have a large population of blacks, but for the most part—at least the people I know—they’re educated. They’re trying to improve their families just like we are. So that’s kind of a sad tale, but that’s just what I think. I’m not sure what the question was [<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Smith<br /></strong>Well, I guess then are there any other types of events, either connected to the church or just things that you’ve—and they’ve probably asked you this as well in the last interview, but any types of events—whether connected to the church or not that you experienced—that you remember as big events that stood out in the community or even for yourself?</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>Sanford has a lovely Christmas tour of homes and Holy Cross has been on the tour many years. The people open their homes to the—this is, I think, the first week in December, which is interesting and it’s nice to go through those—the old homes, the renovated homes—but it’s usually Downtown Sanford in the historic district . So that’s always a big thing Sanford has every—well, one Thursday a month, they have Thursday Night Alive. I have only been to two of them, because I just can’t do the walking, but they have wonderful food and drinks and dancing and all kinds of things in the street downtown. It’s a very nice thing. It’d be a nice place to bring a date or something on—I think it’s the third Thursday. Every month they close off the streets, and I think you pay one fee—like five or seven dollars—and then you go around and taste everything.</p>
<p><strong>Smith<br /></strong>Did they do that last week?</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>Yeah. They did that last week.</p>
<p><strong>Smith<br /></strong>Because I was down here and they had some streets closed off and I was wondering what was going on.</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>Yeah. That’s what it is. Was that the third Thursday?</p>
<p><strong>Smith<br /></strong>I don’t know.</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>I don’t know what day it is. But anyway, can you think of anything else, I can’t think of anything that’s too earthshaking. Nothing. We don’t have any Disney-type characters running around on the loose or anything. [<em>laughs</em>]</p>
<p><strong>Smith<br /></strong>Alright.</p>
<p><strong>Skates<br /></strong>It’s very nice. No—it’s something to come over and take a look at.</p>
A History of the First Baptist Church, Sanford, Florida, 1884-1984
agriculture
Alicia Clarke
Austin Smith
Baptist Church
Belair Grove
Bette Skates
Brooks
Camp Monroe
celery
Chase and Company
Chase Groves Condominium
Christmas
church
churches
citrus
citrus groves
City of Sanford
congregations
crime rates
crimes
desegregation
Downtown Sanford
enterprises
Episcopal Church
fires
First Baptist Church
First Baptist Church of Sanford
First United Methodist Church
First United Methodist Church of Sanford
Florida State Road 46
Forrest Lake
Fort Mellon
Fort Reed
Fourth Street
French Avenue
Gateway to South Florida
Gertrude Dupuy
Gertrude Dupuy Sanford
Grace Marie Stinecipher
Halifax River
Harman
Henry B. Plant
Henry Bradley Plant
Henry Flagler
Henry Morrison Flagler
Henry Shelton Sanford
Holeman
Holy Cross Episcopal Church
hurricanes
integration
Josh Chase
Joshua Coffin Chase
Julia Chase
Korean War
Lake Mary
Laura Chase
Lyman Phelps
Mellonville
memorials
Methodist church
migrant labor
migrant workers
missionaries
missionary
Museum of Seminole County History
NAS Sanford
Naval Air Station Sanford
orange groves
race relations
Ran Chase
Randall Chase, Jr.
Randall Chase, Sr.
Sanford
St. Gertrude Grove
Sydney Octavius Chase, Sr.
Thursday Night Alive
veterans
Whipple
World War II
WWII
-
https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/2c9347518117b73f1030eccdd6890a07.pdf
cc5c38d36f8978c3c3bdcad7b29a94bd
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Sanford Collection
Description
The present-day Sanford area was originally inhabited by the Mayaca/Joroco natives by the time Europeans arrived. The tribe was decimated by war and disease by 1760 and was replaced by the Seminole Indians. In 1821, the United States acquired Florida from Spain and Americans began to settled in the state.
Camp Monroe was established in the mid-1830s to defend the area against Seminoles during the Seminole Wars. In 1836, the United States Army built a road (present-day Mellonville Avenue) to a location called "Camp Monroe," during the Second Seminole War. Following an attack on February 8, 1837, the camp was renamed "Fort Mellon," in honor of the battle's only American casualty, Captain Charles Mellon.
The town of Mellonville was founded nearby in 1842 by Daniel Stewart. When Florida became a state three years later, Mellonville became the county seat for Orange County, which was originally a portion of Mosquito County. Citrus was the first cash crop in the area and the first fruit packing plant was constructed in 1869.
In 1870, a lawyer from Connecticut by the name of Henry Shelton Sanford (1832-1891) purchased 12,548 acres of open land west of Mellonville. His vision was to make this new land a major port city, both railway and by water. Sitting on Lake Monroe, and the head of the St. Johns River, the City of Sanford earned the nickname of “The Gate City of South Florida.” Sanford became not only a transportation hub, but a leading citrus industry in Florida, and eventually globally.
The Great Fire of 1887 devastated the city, which also suffered from a statewide epidemic of yellow fever the following year. The citrus industry flourished until the Great Freezes of 1894 and 1895, causing planters to begin growing celery in 1896 as an alternative. Celery replaced citrus as the city's cash crop and Sanford was nicknamed "Celery City." In 1913, Sanford became the county seat of Seminole County, once part of Orange County. Agriculture dominated the region until Walt Disney World opened in October of 1971, effectively shifting the Central Florida economy towards tourism and residential development.
Alternative Title
Sanford Collection
Subject
Sanford (Fla.)
Contributor
<a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a>
<a href="https://www.thehistorycenter.org/" target="_blank">Orange County Regional History Center</a>
<a href="http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/" target="_blank">Sanford Historical Society, Inc.</a>
<a href="http://www.sanfordfl.gov/index.aspx?page=108" target="_blank">Sanford Museum</a>
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/44" target="_blank">Seminole County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida.
Language
eng
Type
Collection
Coverage
Sanford, Florida
Curator
Marra, Katherine
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
External Reference
Sanford Historical Society (Fla.). <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/53015288" target="_blank"><em>Sanford</em></a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 2003.
"<a href="http://www.sanfordfl.gov/index.aspx?page=48" target="_blank">Sanford: A Brief History</a>." City of Sanford. http://www.sanfordfl.gov/index.aspx?page=48.
<em>The Seminole Herald</em>. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/52633016" target="_blank"><em>Sanford: Our First 125 Years</em></a>. [Sanford, FL]: The Herald, 2002.
<span>Mills, Jerry W., and F. Blair Reeves. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/11338196" target="_blank"><em>A Chronology of the Development of the City of Sanford, Florida: With Major Emphasis on Early Growth</em></a></span><span>, 1975.</span>
Has Part
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/82" target="_blank"><em>Celery Soup: Florida’s Folk Life Play</em> Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/65" target="_blank">Churches of Sanford Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/131" target="_blank">Creative Sanford, Inc. Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/41" target="_blank">Georgetown Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/78" target="_blank">Marie J. Francis Collection</a>, Georgetown Collection, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/101" target="_blank">Sanford Avenue Collection</a>, Georgetown Collection, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/79" target="_blank">Goldsboro Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/116" target="_blank">Henry L. DeForest Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/12" target="_blank">Hotel Forrest Lake Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/14" target="_blank">Ice Houses of Sanford Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/42" target="_blank">Milane Theatre Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/13" target="_blank">Naval Air Station Sanford Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/15" target="_blank">Sanford Baseball Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/61" target="_blank">Sanford Cigar Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/10" target="_blank">Sanford Riverfront Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/11" target="_blank">Sanford State Farmers' Market Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
Oral History
A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge.
Interviewer
Dombrowski, Diana
Interviewee
Stinecipher, Grace Marie
Location
<a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a>, Sanford, Florida
Original Format
1 audio recording
Duration
53 minuts and 7 seconds
Bit Rate/Frequency
1411kbps
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Click to View (Movie, Podcast, or Website)
<a href="https://youtu.be/CRd0e77hW00" target="_blank">Oral History of Grace Marie Stinecipher</a>
Title
Oral History of Grace Marie Stinecipher
Alternative Title
Oral History, Stinecipher
Subject
Sanford (Fla.)
Churches--Florida
Teachers--Florida
Education--Florida
Winter Park (Fla.)
Orlando (Fla.)
Baptist Church--Florida
Journalism--Florida
New Smyrna Beach (Fla.)
Beaches--Florida
Description
An oral history of Grace Marie Stinecipher (b. 1936), conducted by Diana Dombrowski on July 13, 2010. Stinecipher was born in Sanford, Florida on September 19, 1936. In this interview, she discusses her family history, growing up in Sanford, her career in education, living in Orlando and Winter Park, school integration, the effects of the Naval Air Station (NAS) Sanford and Walt Disney World Resort on Sanford, the First Baptist Church of Sanford, her role as a church historian, organizing new churches and missions, her career in journalism, and her childhood experiences at New Smyrna Beach.
Abstract
Oral history interview of Grace Marie Stinecipher. Interview conducted by Diana Dombrowski at the <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a>, Sanford, Florida.
Table Of Contents
0:00:00 Introduction<br />0:01:21 Family history<br />0:04:28 Growing up in Sanford<br />0:07:15 Girl Scouts and college education<br />0:09:11 Career in education and life in the Orlando-Winter Park area<br />0:12:50 School integration<br />0:16:22 Naval Air Station (NAS) Sanford and Walt Disney World Resort<br />0:19:05 First Baptist Church of Sanford<br />0:26:46 Role as church historian<br />0:31:45 Organizing new churches and missions<br />0:35:31 Important figures in the church<br />0:38:21 Career in journalism<br />0:42:02 Polly Pigtails club<br />0:46:12 New Smyrna Beach<br />0:50:23 Parents<br />0:52:59 Closing remarks
Creator
Stinecipher, Grace Marie
Dombrowski, Diana
Source
Stinecipher, Grace Marie. Interviewed by Diana Dombrowski. July 13, 2010. <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a>, Sanford, Florida.
Date Created
2010-07-13
Date Copyrighted
2010-07-13
Date Modified
2014-10-08
Is Part Of
<a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a>, Sanford, Florida.<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/43" target="_blank"><br /></a>
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/43" target="_blank">Sanford Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
Requires
<a href="http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer/" target="_blank">Adobe Flash Player</a><a href="https://get.adobe.com/reader/" target="_blank"><br /></a>
<a href="http://java.com/en/download/index.jsp" target="_blank">Java</a>
<a href="https://get.adobe.com/reader/" target="_blank">Adobe Acrobat Reader</a>
Format
audio/wav
application/pdf
Extent
536 MB
178 KB
Medium
53-minute and 7-second audio recording
19-page typed transcript
Language
eng
Type
Sound
Coverage
First Baptist Church, Sanford, Florida
Chance Education Building, Sanford, Florida; Orlando, Florida
Winter Park, Florida
Seminole High School, Sanford, Florida
Naval Air Station Sanford, Sanford, Florida
Central Baptist Church, Sanford, Florida
Pinecrest Baptist Church, Sanford, Florida
Westview Baptist Church, Sanford, Florida
New Smyrna Beach, Florida
Piedmont College, Demorest, Georgia
Accrual Method
Donation
Mediator
History Teacher
Geography Teacher
Provenance
Originally created by Grace Marie Stinecipher and Diana Dombrowski.
Rights Holder
Copyright to this resource is held by the <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only.
Contributing Project
<a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20090302051954/http://www.thehistorycenter.org/visit/?art=history" target="_blank">Historical Society of Central Florida</a>
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a>
External Reference
Stinecipher, Grace Marie. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/10878290" target="_blank"><em>A History of the First Baptist Church, Sanford, Florida, 1884-1984</em></a>. Baltimore: Gateway Press, 1984.
Sanford Historical Society (Fla.). <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/53015288" target="_blank"><em>Sanford</em></a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 2003.
Transcript
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>This is an interview with Gracie Marie Stinecipher, the historian of the First Baptist Church in Sanford. And, uh, this interview is being conducted on July 13<sup>th</sup>, 2010 at the Museum of Seminole County History. The interviewer is Diana Dombrowski, representing the museum for the Historical Society of Central Florida. I’d just like to start with a couple basic questions, like, where and when were you born?</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>I was born in Sanford—Fernald-Laughton Memorial Hospital.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>Cool. When were you born, if you don’t mind?</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>September 19<sup>th</sup>, 1936.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>Okay. So you grew up in Sanford?</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>Yes.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>Where in Sanford did you live? Could you describe it?</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>I lived at 2404 Park Avenue. And at the time, that was, Park Avenue was [U.S. Route] 17-92. It was the highway.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>Okay. Did you live close to the railroad station or anything?</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>No.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>I’m sorry. My last interviewer[sic] —she lived off of Park Avenue, as well. And she mentioned her family arriving on the train. So I wasn’t sure how close it was. I’m sorry.</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>No. That’s way downtown.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>Okay. ’m sorry. Um, how—when did your family come to Florida?</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>My mother came here in 1913—I believe, as an eight-year-old—with her family. And my dad came in 1926.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>What did their families do here?</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>My mother’s father was a butcher. He had a store down on First Street. Grocery store, butcher shop, whatever. My dad’s family—his dad was a farmer in Tennessee. He was born in Spring City, Tennessee. My mother was born in Butte, Montana.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>Wow. That’s a-ways.</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>Oh, yes. There’s a story there.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>What brought them to Florida?</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>I really don’t know. My mother—my grandmother and grandfather—my grandfather was from England. He came over, to the Gold Rush in Canada, Alaska. What was the word? Anyway, and they met in Montana. I have no idea why my grandmother was there. And they married in Montana. My mother was born there. My aunt, Gladys [Stemper], was born in Phoenix, Arizona. My uncle, Jack [Stemper], was born in Homeland, Georgia, and my uncle, Bill [Stemper], was born in Sanford.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski <br /></strong>Wow. That’s a lot of traveling.</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>Yes.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>Did you grow up around all these relatives?</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>Not those, no. My grandfather Stemper—my grandmother was Marie Stemper—left the family. I think about 1925. And they didn’t find him until 1960—I believe it was—in Baton Rouge[, Louisiana]. Yeah. That was quite a thing.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>Growing up in Sanford, were you always a member of the [First] Baptist Church [of Sanford]?</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>I was always attending. I joined the church in 1947.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>Okay. Alright. What did your parents do? You know, was your mother a homemaker?</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>My mother was a schoolteacher.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>Okay. Where did she teach?</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>She taught at Sanford Grammar [School], Sanford Junior High [School], and Seminole High School.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>Okay. Where did you go to school? Did you go to those as well?</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>Yes. Also, Southside Primary [School].</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>I’d like to find out a little more about what it was like to grow up in Sanford. How was it different from then? What changes did you see and witness growing up? Do you have any favorite memories growing up in the town?</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>It was a fairly small town back then. About 10-12-15,000. It was a fairly close-knit community. You knew almost everybody. Everybody you went to school with. Or at least, knew of them.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>It was a time when most people attended church. I think it could be, because there wasn’t much else to do. But I think, I mean—you know, the downtown churches were very, very active. The youth groups were really overflowing. And it was really a great time to grow up. So, that—we—some of the memories I think some of us have are somebody always mentions the drugstores, you know. Preston’s Drugstore, where we congregated downtown. And Robert Anderson. And McColonel’s Drugstore was at Twenty-Fifth [Street] and Sanford Avenue, and he had curb service, delicious milkshakes. And a lot of the fellas worked at some of these drugstores. And there was the Pig ‘n Whistle. It had a big drive-in space there. It was at Twenty-Fifth and Park [Avenue]. And then Angel’s Eat Shack was a restaurant. It’s still there—the building—on 25—something—Sanford Avenue. I mean, the people of that era when I grew—there wasn’t much else. But we had a lot of good memories at all those places. And the zoo.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>Oh.</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>Yes. The zoo downtown. Yeah. I was part of the Girl Scouts. We met down at the old depot. Down where—what’s the bank? SunTrust Bank is—right down in there. Every Friday afternoon, from the time I was 10 years old ‘til I graduated from high school. It was really, really good. We had a lot of good memories there.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>What did you do in the Girl Scouts?</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>Well, of course, we went through the Girl Scout handbook, learning all the things for the badges and things. And we’d have slumber parties down there. And Miss Henton, who was our leader—I can remember her sitting up in the middle of the depot. This big depot, you know, keeping an eye on us throughout the night. We went camping. I still don’t know where it was that we camped. It was somewhere west of town by the lake, and it was just sort of—the kitchen was very primitive. And the long table, you know, where we ate, and the outhouse—we called “the Commishy.” Because some commissioner had had it built. That was the story. But that was fun. We pitched tents. We only were only there about three nights or something like that. Got to know a lot of the older girls, because they were our leaders, and then we became leaders.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>Were you a leader in the troupe?</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>Well, we all were when we got into, you know—later on in high school. We led the little ones, the younger ones.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski </strong>That’s nice. Did you go to college?</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>Yes. I went to Maryville College in Tennessee for two years, and then I transferred to Stetson [University], and I graduated in 1958.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>Did you graduate with plans to become a teacher?</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>Yes. I majored in elementary education.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>Did you get married?</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>No.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>Okay. Where did you begin teaching?</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>I began teaching at Lake Silver Elementary in Orlando. And I had an apartment over there in Winter Park for three years.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>Winter Park is nice. What do you remember from living there?</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>From living in Orlando? In Winter Park? Well, it was a much smaller place then. I was able to drive around, you know, and not get lost, or too much lost. I became a member of North Park Baptist Church and thoroughly enjoyed it. Made a lot of good friends, some that I’m still in contact with. Dr. Edgar Cooper was my pastor, and he later became editor of <em>The Florida Baptist Witness</em>, which is the state newspaper. I taught fifth grade.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>What was the education system like? What was it like to teach then as it is maybe compared to teaching later?</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>The kids were much more well-behaved.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>Really?</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher <br /></strong>Yes. There was more parent participation. Yes. I only taught over there three years. And then I could not afford to continue. I was making $360 a month and not being paid in the summer. So I’d come home and borrow money from my dad to get through the summer, and then I’d get him paid back by Christmas. So, I figured that couldn’t last too long. So I moved back home to Sanford in ’61.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>Okay.</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>I could not find a teaching job in elementary schools in the upper grades in Sanford, so I went down to the personnel director, Stuart Gadshaw, see if he could help me. And he had taught me math in high school. He said, “You’d make a good math teacher!” And he sent me up to Mr. [Andrew Joseph] Bracken, principal of Seminole High, and he hired me. So I had to go back to school and get certified in math.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>Did they pay your way through school?</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>Oh, heavens no.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>Okay. How long—when did you begin teaching there?</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>The fall of ’61.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>How long did you teach there?</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>I officially retired in ’92. But I had been on medical leave for a few years before that.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>Wow. So, all that time at Seminole High School. You must have seen a lot of things. High school—wow. I’ve heard that’s a really hard time to teach.</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>I think junior high’s the worst.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>Really?</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>Yeah. I remember even when I was in junior high. No—I thoroughly enjoyed it. Especially the first, the ‘60s were really good.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>Yeah?</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>Yes. I had really, really good students then, and I still keep in contact with a lot of them. Go to the reunions, and so on.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>That’s nice.</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>You’ve probably heard the story about, you know, when integration came.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>I was going to ask. Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>Yeah. First, I think it was about 1967 or 1968, they had something called “Freedom of Choice.” I think that was what it was called. And the black students could attend the white schools. I think they had to apply or something. So we did have a few black students there in the late ‘60s. Then in 1970, they closed Crooms [High School]. And the Crooms students came over to Seminole High School. Seminole High did not want them. Crooms did not want to be there.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>Oh, yeah. That sounds tense.</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>That year, 1970-71, was terrible. We were on double sessions. I was on the teaching in the afternoon session, and in the mornings they would have had fights and all kind of problems, and I’d get to school around 10 or 10:30, and they’d already had to close school several times. So that was a bad year. And the early ‘70s was still pretty hard.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>How were the students who elected to go to school received?</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>You mean in the late ‘60s? They were received very well. They were the good students. In fact, one of the boys served as president of his senior class.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>Wow. That’s amazing. How long did it take for, uh, black students to be more accepted in the high school? Do you think they are now? Did they end up building another high school that served that neighborhood?</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>Oh, no. No, no. They’re all at Seminole still. It’s the only high school in Sanford.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>Oh, okay. I didn’t know that.</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>Well, they’ve done something to Crooms [Academy of Institute Technology]—I haven’t kept up. But it’s a school of technology or something like that. Yeah. But that’s just been in recent years. And then they later made the school into a ninth grade center. I guess, right after we merged. Somewhere in there. So the ninth graders went there until—a few years later, all the ninth graders came back to Seminole High. I can’t remember the years.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>How were the rest of the ‘70s like, in terms of tension at the school? Did it end up getting resolved somehow?</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>Gradually. Gradually. It was hard. It really was. And then there was still one thing that always irked me was, the first couple years was okay. In the homecoming. They’d have a black queen and a white queen.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>Oh.</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher </strong>And that just kept on for years. And I thought, can’t we get together?</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>Wow. That’s like two separate worlds in one school.</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>I know. I know. It was bad. And, well, I think there’s always going to be a little tension. But, uh, it gradually got better.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>Okay. How did things like Cape Canaveral affect—you know, the opening of the [John F. Kennedy] Space Center affect—did you see any effects from that in Sanford? Like people coming here for the space industry? Or did you teach anyone related to that?</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>No. No. The Navy base was here. So I taught a lot of Navy students in the ‘60s. Of course, the Navy moved from here in ’68. But, yes. A lot of Navy kids. And the school, Seminole High, was right in the pattern of the jets. Because when they’d have their touch-and-go, you know, to practice landing on the carriers, it would come right over Seminole High. They would come, and then there’d be a lull, and you know, just keep on coming. And you’d just have to learn to teach in between the comings and goings.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>How did the town change after the base left, do you think? Did the population drop very dramatically?</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>Oh, I can’t go in—probably a little bit. Something like that always affects things, but something else always comes along. But Sanford was a very good Navy town. The personnel always seemed to think Sanford was a good place to be and a lot of Navy people retired here.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>I have a couple more questions about general events like that, like the opening of [Walt] Disney [World Resort]? What do you remember from when Disney opened down here?</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>Hm.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>Was it very significant at all?</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>Well, I guess it was. It was exciting to go down there the first time or two. But, as you realize, gradually the impact has come up to Sanford, because of the growth. That’s what really brought the growth to Seminole County.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>Yeah. What do you think about that? Do you think that’s a positive thing?</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>Oh, in some ways. But I’d rather it go back to, you know, the old days with the smaller population.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>Yeah. Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>But you can’t go back.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>Through this time, you know, that you were a member of the [First] Baptist Church [of Sanford], was the church very involved in community activities? Did they have local events, or did they throw parties in the town or something? How were they involved in the community?</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>How were they involved in the community?</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>Well, uh, you know, did they take measures to feed or serve the homeless or anything?</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>We do now. We do now. Yes. We have a program on Sundays. I think about 1:30, they feed the homeless. I think about 40 or 50 that come. And they have a devotional and so on. I don’t know exactly what the program is, but yes.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>Uh, how has the church during your time as a member? Or as a historian? Has it changed at all?</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>Yes. It’s changed. It used to be a very large church with a lot of young people. When I was growing up we had—probably my high school class—we had about half the class at First Baptist.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>Wow.</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>Of course, we were just a little over a hundred in the class, but—maybe not quite that many. And the other churches too—they were very active and large Sunday schools had their training unions and MYAF and whatever. Most people went to church back then. Now—and then of course, we had the downtown churches. There were a few scattered out, but mainly the First Baptist, First Methodist [Church of Sanford], First Presbyterian [Church of Sanford], and the Catholics<a title="">[1]</a> were all right downtown and very, very active, all of them. Back up to the ‘60s or early ‘70s.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>Okay.</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>But the downtown churches are all losing members. Of course, there are other churches too. But still, it’s sad. It really is.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>Why do you think that is?</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>I don’t know. People seem to have more to do. And, I just—I don’t know. Not interested in church anymore.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>Okay. Where was the original church—the Baptist church?</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>The original church is the same church—the same property. It was a wooden church. Are you familiar with the First Baptist Church downtown?</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>No.</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>No. Okay. It’s on—well our address is 519 Park, but the original church was a small wooden building. The church was organized in 1884, and the wooden building was finished, I think, by the end of that year. It was on the corner of Sixth [Street] and Park. And that’s where our brick church was built later. That wooden church was moved and the brick church was built there—built in two parts. The first section, which included a Sunday school, the front part, was built in 1914. And the second part, the auditorium part, was built in 1920. Then, in 1949-50, the education building next door was built. Let’s see. The new—well, the next educational building, which is now the Chance Education Building, which was named for our former pastor who died while he was a pastor in ’71. It was built in ’66. That’s on the corner of Fifth [Street] and Magnolia [Avenue]. And in all that process, we bought all that property on that block. House by house. And they all had to be moved to build that education building or demolish. Some were moved, some were demolished. And finally, in 1994, we broke ground during our 110<sup>th</sup> anniversary—broke ground for our new sanctuary, which we entered in August of 1995. We finally got it paid for a couple of years ago.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>The education building sounds enormous. Taking over the whole…</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>Well, not the whole property. But we’ve got four buildings there on the block. And we also have a youth building, which is across the street on Magnolia.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>Okay. You talked about how active the church community was. Was the church community—yes? How was it active? What kind of events or activities did the church hold? You know, what was Sunday service like? I don’t know much about it. I don’t know much about the First Baptist Church.</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>Oh, we had Sunday school. We still do, and worship service on Sunday mornings, and then at night had Baptist Training Union, BTU—Training Union, whatever—for the entire church, you know. We had different unions—learning. In Sunday school, you learn more from the Bible, you know, like that, but in Training Union it was more about other—I remember once, we had to learn about other different religions. We learned Baptist beliefs. Things like that. And the members took part were—were assigned parts. That was a good learning experience for people, especially young people, you know, getting up in front of people and doing. That was good. There was also a lot of socials. I remember having hayrides and things like that. Parties and stuff. You know, it was a good youth group. And the older people had their own things. Somewhere along the line, Training Union went out the window. I don’t understand. Things change.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>Oh.</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>But we still have Sunday night church.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>Okay.</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>And, uh, other things, you know.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>Okay. What is your role as church historian like? What do you do for the church?</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>Well, in the 100<sup>th</sup> anniversary in 1984, we had a big celebration. I was not chairman of the committee. I was on it, but I volunteered to write a history of the church. We had this little bitty book. I said, “We have to get a little better than that.” I wasn’t expecting to do too much. Got in there and found all the records, ending up writing a book. I think about 270 pages.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>Wow.</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>It was a wonderful experience, because we have a lot of documents, and minutes, and things of all church business meetings, and oh, just a slew of stuff. And church bulletins, you know, have information in them. So it was really interesting experience. Also, none of the memorabilia of the church had ever been collected. It was scattered all over the church and some people knew where things were, so I went scouring around trying to find all that, and I got all that collected, got a crew together to work on, to organizing it, and we had a huge display of all our memorabilia. I mean, there was a bunch of stuff, all in the fellowship hall for the 100<sup>th</sup> anniversary. And then I had the book published, you know.</p>
<p>Since then, I’ve continued to collect things from different people. It’s amazing what things pop up still about the history. Collecting it—and have a special room in the memorial education building. That’s the first one that’s on Park Avenue, to collect all that stuff. Then when we built the new building in ’95. They put a special heritage room in there. It was supposed to be larger than what it is, but when the costs came in for building the church, things got squeezed. And that did too. But I have a room there, and cases around the room, which were given to us by one of the local jewelry stores who[sic] was moving or going out of business or something. So I’ve got that. So people can go in there and see the displays. It gets changed occasionally. And I have an excellent storage room. It didn’t get squeezed! It’s still there, so I’ve got a good storage room for all kind of stuff in there. So I continue to collect things, and I’ve chaired the anniversary committees every year since. Now, we had 125<sup>th</sup> [anniversary] a year ago, in February. I told them then, that was my last one. I’ll be almost 80 years old. I think it’s time for somebody else. But it’s been fun, I’ve thoroughly enjoyed it.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>What kinds of memorabilia?</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>Oh, goodness. One thing we have—the old pulpit—the original pulpits from the first church, and a couple of chairs. They’ve gotten moved into my heritage storeroom there. But it’s okay, they’ll get room for them. We bring them out. Oh, all kind of paper things. And lots of and lots of pictures. I still take pictures of important events. And, oh, I can’t think of what all there is. We’ve got a lot of important documents, the incorporation papers. Goodness, I’m trying to think of what we do have. Just a lot of interesting things. We’re always finding new things. It’s good.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>It sounds like the Baptist church was the big church force in the community.</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>It was the largest, yes. It was.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>Okay. Okay.</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>But as I said, all the downtown churches were very active, just not as large. But there—oh, we sponsored five missions which are now churches.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>Wow.</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>Yes. Central Baptist [Church], Pinecrest Baptist [Church], Westview [Baptist Church]—it’s changed its name two or three times. Lake Mary—it’s something else now. I don’t think it’s even a Baptist church. Well, that’s another story. Oh, and Victory Baptist [Church]. We formed it as Elder Springs Baptist [Church], but it later withdrew from the Southern Baptists and became independent. But we did organize it. There are three that are still Southern Baptist.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>How did you organize the missions and get these churches started?</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>We’d have a commissions committee go into the neighborhoods and start Sunday schools and, you know—at night. I wasn’t, you know, involved in any of it. Gradually, as attendance grew, they’d want to become a church, and so we’d organize it. It took several years. Pinecrest didn’t take very long, because a whole Sunday school class of ours went out there and started it—a men’s class. So that didn’t take very long, just a few months. Bu the others, some of them took several years.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>Is there a story behind the Lake Mary? That sounded a little complicated.</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>Well, we took them back as a mission. They had been a church and they wanted to go back into mission status. We had not started them originally, but they wanted to come back in mission status and asked us to be their sponsor. So several of our members went out there and helped them for several years, and then they became a church. I knew it was in ’83, because that was the last thing I put in my history book. They became a church. Elder Springs and Pinecrest were both organized in ’57. And Central Baptist, which was originally Southside Baptist [Church], was organized in 1938. And Westview [Baptist Church], I think, was somewhere about the early ‘60s. It was originally Oak Lawn [Baptist Church], because it started—I think the first meetings they had was in the funeral home out there, you know the one out there by Rinehart [Road]?</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>Mmmhm. Yeah.</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>Yeah. Because one of our church members was—that was his funeral home.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>Uh, it sounds from your book like you exhaustively researched everything.</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>Yes. People keep asking, “Are you going to add to the book?” “No way.” It’s a lot of work.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>Yeah, I bet. Um, did you, uh, let’s see. Were there any big personalities in the church? Or people that you wrote about in your book? Stories that you could tell me about people or families in the church?</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>We had a pastor there, Dr. Debbie[?] P. Brooks, who was there for 33 years. He was very influential. Wonderful person. He came, I think, in ’29 and retired in ’62. The—oh, Reverend [George] Hyman, of course. That was way before my time, but he’s the one that was pastor when they built the brick church. And from what I heard, he had a vision as to how it should be built. And the first—the front part was to be the Sunday school, and that was to be to educate the people, and so forth, and bring them close to God. Then that would lead them into the sanctuary, which was the second part. Something like that. And it was built. He was there for the first part, and then he had to go off to war—World War I—as a chaplain. He came back and they built the second part. And then he thought that the church would be more in the community with programs and so on for the community, and he called it the “Baptist Temple.” They didn’t ever change the name. Incorporation papers for the First Baptist Church, on the front of the church it says, ‘Old Baptist Temple,’ and some of our pictures have that on there. And he was having various speakers and things come in, in addition to the regular church. Soon as they left, they had a meeting, and everything came down. There was more to it than that, you can see it in the book, because it was mainly his deal.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>Okay. Yeah. Those were about all the general questions that I have. Is there anything that you’d like to talk about that we haven’t yet? Any, you know, special memories that you have that you’d like to share or keep in audio?</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>I could tell you about a club we had.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>Okay. Cool.</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>You know, I wrote for <em>The Sanford Herald</em>.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski </strong>Oh, I didn’t know that.</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>Yes. Well, in high school I wrote The Celery Crate. That was our youth group, the teen group. We met second floor of old City Hall. We had pool tables, ping pong, all kind of board games, and card games, and things like that. The space had originally been an auditorium, so there was a stage up there. Occasionally, we’d have various programs. The Celery Crate committee would plan the parties. We’d have about three or four parties a year—square dances and things like that—but we were open every Saturday night during school, just to go up and have fun. The PTA [Parent-Teacher Association] sponsored it. My mother was one of the sponsors. My mother and dad were always chaperones. So that was a lot of fun. But then I wrote that column. That was a freebie. Then there was <em>The Herald</em> also had a Seminole High column. A student would write that. And so I said, “Well, since I’m writing this…” I applied for that, and did that for my senior year. Got paid ten cents an inch.</p>
<p>When I was in college, for one year, I wrote—what was it called? Oh goodness, can’t believe what it was called right now. But anyway, I wrote it one year at Stetson about Seminole High students off at college. I talked to a lot of parents, because I came home quite a bit. In 1994, I started writing “The Way We Were” column. I wrote that until July of [20]07, when the owner of the paper fired me—fired my column. And also, he also took away the Sanford column—you know, social news. And then when we got the new publisher, and I was writing extra things, like the class reunions, high school class reunions, Historical Society [of Central Florida] news, anniversaries. I wrote a couple of weddings. But the new publisher said he’s not printing any of that and he didn’t need me anymore. And that was just about a year and a half ago.</p>
<p>Let’s go back to the club.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>Okay.</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher <br /></strong>We were in fifth grade. And this girl, Joanie Saunders—moved here from I think Bradenton—and was in Miss McNab’s room where us girls were who had grown up in Sanford. There was a magazine at the time, called <em>Polly Pigtails</em>, and they encouraged people to form Polly Pigtail clubs. So Joanie came in, and I guess probably because she was new, and wanted new friends—I don’t know—she got us together and we formed a Polly Pigtail club. All the girls that were in there were in Ms. McNab’s room. All of us. Several of us had grown up together and been good friends. Then, through the years—sixth grade we added some people, went to junior high, we added some more, some people dropped out for various reasons, and we’d add some more. And we’d meet every other Tuesday afternoons at member’s homes. We had parties. We had dues of ten cents a week. We made candy sales. We’d make about eight or ten dollars at a time.</p>
<p>When we got in the eighth grade, we decided we wanted to go to the beach for a week. So we had to have more candy sales! And we did. We started—we rented this house over in New Smyrna [Beach], Sandy Shack, and went over for a week in August. Our parents were chaperones. We went to the beach every summer for a week through our senior year.</p>
<p>Our senior year, after we graduated, we went to Daytona [Beach] and had this house right smack dab on the beach. It had been a restaurant, and it had three bathrooms, which was great, because the other one only had one. And we’d had this all the way through school, ‘til we graduated high school. So we were all very close. We started out with friends that were friends anyway, and we added some of the others. Two of the girls got married, and of course, we couldn’t let them—our mothers wouldn’t let them stay in the club. So it was a lot of really, really, really good. A lot of us still keep in contact. We’ve lost a couple to deaths and most of us are still around. Still good friends.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>That’s wonderful.</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>It really was.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>It sounds like the community was really close.</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>I just wrote it again, or re-wrote it, for the Seminole High magazine that comes out every year. Well, they were having some articles in there about the beach, because New Smyrna—we always went to New Smyrna all the time, stayed over there on weekends and daytrips. A lot of people were writing memories about New Smyrna, about the beach, so I asked if I could write about our beach parties over there, so I did. Because we had some experiences. It was fun.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>Do you want to tell us what kind of experiences happened over there? What did you guys do? You went to the beach? Was there much around New Smyrna to go and do too?</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /> </strong>No. Just the beach. Well, the Sandy Shack was—oh, right in the—it was in the zone where the lifeguards weren’t. But our chaperones would make us go up further on the beach where we could go. Well, of course, we’d go camp right by the lifeguard tower. Think we were hot stuff. The first year we were there, we were just out of the eighth grade, we went to the lifeguard dance. Thirteen-fourteen-year-old girls sat over in a corner. And of course, the lifeguards were much older than we were. They were high school and college kids, mostly college, I think. And I remember sitting there—canasta was a big deal back then. I remember Tricia saying, “We should have brought our canasta cards.” Because everyone’s out there dancing, and here we were. Then the head of the lifeguards, Joe Canard, came up and asked Jeanette to dance. She didn’t know how to dance! She was out there doing the best she could, so she was our heroine of the night.</p>
<p>We did have a couple of Sanford boys that were there that came and rescued us, and once we had, a couple years later we met some of the New Smyrna boys. They were more our age. And we had a bonfire on the beach with hotdogs—I guess, I don’t remember—and invited the boys that we knew. And some of the fellows that usually stayed at the beach with their families. They were over there. We asked them to come. There are all these people showed up at our bonfire. All these cars, all these people. Our chaperones got kind of upset. Finally, after a while, they came and shooed the others away, because we got a little scared too.</p>
<p>Yeah. We met the local fellas from over there, and we dated some of them. When there were football games, or any kind of sport, we always played New Smyrna and whatever. So we’d always go to the games, and they’d come over, and we’d see the New Smyrna boys. That was a big deal. And so forth. That was fun. One time, a couple boys from Sanford came over, and said, “Let’s go to the drugstore.” And so the whole bunch of us—I think there were six or eight of us—the whole bunch of us jumped in the backseat and went down to the drugstore. And after that, one of the fellas said, “Where do you want to go?” “Let’s go to Daytona.” We took off to Daytona and went to the boardwalk. Of course, didn’t tell our chaperones, we just went. Didn’t get home until, oh, late. So they were furious. We had to wash the dishes, I think, for the rest of the week or something like that.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>But it was worth it?</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>Oh, yeah. It was fun. We had fun.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>Well, those are all of my questions. Is there anything else you’d like to mention?</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>Hm.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>You, Sanford history, teaching? Anything.</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>I don’t know, but we could talk about my parents.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>Okay. Okay.</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>They met at Piedmont College, in [Demorest,] Georgia. My mother went up—she was a Congregationalist, and that was a Congregational school. And my dad was from Tennessee and his sisters—one of his sisters was teaching there. He was the youngest—next-to-youngest—of a family of ten. So he and his brother decided to go down to Piedmont College. And they met there. And Mother just stayed for two years. You could teach after two years then.</p>
<p>Then Dad graduated in [19]25. He sang in a quartet—a male quartet—that traveled with, uh, advertising the college all up into the eastern states. That was something for him—all of them—especially for my dad and his brother, because they had never been anywhere. I’ve got his diaries at home telling about their experiences, staying at home, staying in hotels, and YMCAs [Young Men’s Christian Association], and all this. And singing, mostly in churches. And all like that. And they traveled for one year after he graduated. He graduated ’25. They traveled for one year. And they had been traveling in the summers or before that. And so, in the fall of ’26, he came to Sanford and got a job at Chase & Company. Stayed there for 40 years, became head of the Building Material Department. And he and Mother got married on July 6, 1927.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>Did you have any brothers and sisters?</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>No. I was an only child. They waited nine years before I was born.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>Oh, wow. Okay. Those are my questions. Thank you!</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>Okay.</p>
<p><strong>Dombrowski<br /></strong>Thank you for your time.</p>
<p><strong>Stinecipher<br /></strong>Oh, you’re welcome.</p>
<div><br /><div>
<p><a title="">[1]</a> All Souls Catholic Church.</p>
</div>
</div>
Andrew Joseph Bracken
Angels' Eat Shack
Baptist Church
Baptist Training Union
Baptists
beach
beaches
Bill Stemper
BTU
Central Baptist Church
Chance
Chance Education Building
church
churches
Crooms Academy of Information Technology
Crooms High School
Debbie P. Brooks
Demorest, Georgia
desegregation
Diana Dombrowski
Downton Sanford
Edgar Cooper
education
educators
Elder Springs Baptist Church
Fernald-Laughton Memorial Hospital
First Baptist Church of Sanford
Freedom of Choice
George Hyman
Girl Scouts
Gladys Stemper
Grace Marie Stinecipher
Henton
historians
Historical Society of Central Florida
integration
Jack Stemper
Joe Canard
journalists
Lake Silver Elementary School
Marie Stemper
McColonel's Drugstore
missions
Museum of Seminole County History
NAS Sanford
Naval Air Station Sanford
New Smyrna Beach
North Park Baptist Church
Oak Lawn Baptist Church
Old Baptist Temple
orlando
Piedmont College
Pig 'n Whistle
Pinecrest Baptist Church
Polly Pigtails
Preston's Drugstore
Robert Anderson
Sandy Shack
Sanford
Seminole High School
Southern Baptists
Southside Baptist Church
Stuart Gadshaw
Sunday schools
teachers
The Celery Crate
The Florida Baptist Witness
The Sanford Herald
The Way We Were
U.S. Navy
Victory Baptist Church
Walt Disney World Resort
Westview Baptist Church
Winter Park
-
https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/e8aa521d3c51256016045535b932f4f9.pdf
a502cafbf7cd4aa802ade34cfa20c077
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Creative Sanford, Inc. Collection
Alternative Title
Creative Sanford Collection
Subject
Seminole County (Fla.)
Folk plays
Sanford (Fla.)
Description
<span>Creative Sanford, Inc. is a non-profit organization created to manage <em>Celery Soup: Florida's Folk Life Play</em> community theater productions. The original idea for the Celery Soup project came from Jeanine Taylor, the owner of a folk-art gallery on First Street in Sanford, Florida. Their first production was </span><em>Touch and Go</em><span>, a play focusing on the people of Sanford and their determination to overcome various obstacles, including the Freeze of 1894-1895, the fall of Sanford's celery industry, and the closing of Naval Air Station (NAS) Sanford in the 1960s. In the process of producing the show, Creative Sanford decided to rehabilitate an historic building, the Princess Theater, which is located on 115 West First Street and owned by Stephen Tibstra. The Creative Sanford offices are housed in the Historic Sanford Welcome Center, located at 203 East First Street.</span>
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/16" target="_blank">Sanford Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/44" target="_blank">Seminole County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida.
Language
eng
Type
Collection
Coverage
Historic Sanford Welcome Center, Downtown Sanford, Florida
Princess Theater, Downtown Sanford, Florida
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
External Reference
"<a href="http://www.celerysoupsanford.com//about" target="_blank">WHO IS CREATIVE SANFORD, INC?</a>" Celery Soup. http://www.celerysoupsanford.com//about.
<span>"<a href="http://www.celerysoupsanford.com/about/" target="_blank">About: History and Purpose</a>." Celery Soup. http://www.celerysoupsanford.com/about/.</span>
"<a href="http://www.communityperformanceinternational.org/sanford-florida" target="_blank">Sanford, Florida: How do you make Celery Soup? Add stories, then stir</a>." Community Performance International. http://www.communityperformanceinternational.org/sanford-florida.
Contributor
<a href="http://www.celerysoupsanford.com/" target="_blank">Creative Sanford, Inc.</a>
Oral History
A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge.
Interviewer
Thompson, Trish
Donaldson, Laura
Interviewee
Lee, Luticia
Dingle, Cathy Lee
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Oral History of Luticia Roberts Lee and Catherine Lee Dingle
Alternative Title
Oral History, Lee and Dingle
Subject
Sanford (Fla.)
Race relations--Florida
Hurricanes--Florida
Segregation--Florida
Description
An oral history of Luticia Lee, with her daughter, Cathy Lee Dingle. Lee was born in Sanford, Florida, where her mother bought a grocery store on First Street at half-interest in 1910. Lee's mother graduated from Sanford High School in 1913 and Lee graduated in 1942, after it was renamed Seminole High School. Her children in the attended the school in the 1960, and her grandson graduated later. Lee met her husband, James Lee, who had just returned from service in the U.S. Army in December of 1945. In September of 1946, the couple married. They had three children and five grandchildren. In this oral history, Lee discusses how they started the tradition of throwing pasture parties, life was like during integration in Sanford, how Jim Crow laws were applied, Lee's old house, and tornadoes and hurricanes that had passed through Sanford.
Type
Text
Source
Lee, Luticia and Catherine Lee Dingle. Interviewed by Trish Thompson and Laura Donaldson. Celery Soup. July 2012. Audio record available. <a href="http://www.celerysoupsanford.com//about" target="_blank">Creative Sanford, Inc.</a>, Sanford Florida.
Requires
<a href="https://get.adobe.com/reader/" target="_blank">Adobe Acrobat Reader</a>
Is Part Of
<a href="http://www.celerysoupsanford.com//about" target="_blank">Creative Sanford, Inc.</a>, Sanford Florida.
<a href="http://www.celerysoupsanford.com//about" target="_blank">Creative Sanford, Inc. Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
Is Format Of
Digital transcript of original oral history: Lee, Luticia and Catherine Lee Dingle. Interviewed by Trish Thompson and Laura Donaldson. Celery Soup. July 2012. Audio record available. Celery Soup.
Coverage
East 3rd Street and South Palmetto Avenue, Sanford, Florida
West 15th Street and South Oak Avenue, Sanford, Florida
American Legion Campbell-Lossing Post 53, Sanford, Florida
Seminole High School, Sanford, Florida
Creator
Lee, Luticia
Dingle, Cathy Lee
Thompson, Trish
Donaldson, Laura
Contributor
Román-Toro, Freddie
Date Created
2012-07
Format
application/pdf
Extent
175 KB
Medium
17-page digital transcript
Language
eng
Mediator
History Teacher
Civics/Government Teacher
Provenance
Originally created by Trish Thompson, Laura Donaldson, Luticia Lee, and Cathy Lee Dingle.
Rights Holder
Copyright to this resource is held by <a href="http://www.celerysoupsanford.com//about" target="_blank">Creative Sanford, Inc.</a> and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only.
Accrual Method
Donation
Contributing Project
<a href="http://www.celerysoupsanford.com//about" target="_blank">Creative Sanford, Inc.</a>
<a href="http://www.celerysoupsanford.com/" target="_blank">Celery Soup</a>
Curator
Roman-Toro, Freddie
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://www.celerysoupsanford.com//about" target="_blank">Creative Sanford, Inc.</a>
External Reference
"<a href="http://www.celerysoupsanford.com/" target="_blank">Celery Soup</a>." <em>Celery Soup: Florida's Folk Life Play</em>. http://www.celerysoupsanford.com/.
Litwack, Leon F. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/37981894" target="_blank"><em>Trouble in Mind: Black Southerners in the Age of Jim Crow</em></a>. New York: Knopf, 1998.
Newton, Michael. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/47136480" target="_blank"><em>The Invisible Empire: The Ku Klux Klan in Florida</em></a>. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2001.
Taylor, Tate, et al. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/748435864" target="_blank"><em>The Help</em></a>. Burbank, Calif: Touchstone Home Entertainment, 2011.
Williams, John M., Iver W. Duedall, and John M. Williams. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/47995910" target="_blank"><em>Florida Hurricanes and Tropical Storms, 1871-2001</em></a>. Gainesville, Fla: University of Florida Press, 2002.
Winsboro, Irvin D. S. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/797855859" target="_blank"><em>South, New South, or Down South? Florida and the Modern Civil Rights Movement</em></a>. Morgantown, W. Va: West Virginia University Press, 2009.
Transcript
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>So, if you would like to give us the story of how you got to Sanford.</p>
<p><strong>Lee<br /></strong>I was born here.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>How did your oldest relative get to Sanford?</p>
<p><strong>Lee<br /></strong>My grandmother, after my grandfather died in Mount Olive, North Carolina—she had four girls and two boys. And Mr. Nathan Garner from Sanford was a friend, and he was visiting when my grandfather died. And he had a grocery store down here, so my grandmother bought half interest, and they came in 1910. My oldest aunt didn’t come, but then the next one, Aunt Marty [Roberts]—she came and she roomed at Miss Bessie Long’s. Do you know Miss Bessie Long? Her house was on [North] Oak Avenue right across from the park. The Higgins’ house was next door and Aunt Marty roomed there.</p>
<p>And my uncle roomed in Captain Mark’s house which was on [East] Third [Street] and [South] Palmetto [Avenue]. They had the grocery store on First Street. And then Mr. Garner’s son didn’t want to be in the grocery store, so Uncle James [Roberts] bought him out and changed the name to Roberts’ Grocery.</p>
<p>Mother was in the first class to graduate from Sanford High [School] in 1913. And I graduated in 1942 and my children graduated in the [19]60s. and then my grandson graduated, so there were four generations that graduated. They changed the name from Sanford High to Seminole High [School]. That’s how we got here.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>Now did you work in the store?</p>
<p><strong>Lee<br /></strong>No. I never worked, except at home. Right after I got out of high school, I worked at the ice plant<a title="">[1]</a> for a while, but I didn’t work there too long. I got married. James [Lee] went to Stetson [University]. He got back from the [United States] Army in December 1945. Our first son was born in DeLand, when he was going to Stetson.</p>
<p><strong>Donaldson<br /></strong>How did you meet?</p>
<p><strong>Lee<br /></strong>His sister lived in Palmetto, right behind us. And she was a friend of Mama’s. When he came back from the war, I met him and it worked.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>How long have you lived in this house?</p>
<p><strong>Lee<br /></strong>Mom and Daddy built it when I was three years old, but I just lived here ‘til I was married. And then James and I—after Mama died, we owned the house over on [West] 15<sup>th</sup> [Street] and [South] Oak and that’s where we raised our children. After Mama died, we moved back here. I’ve been here ever since. This house was built in 1926. It’s 85. It’s younger than me [<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>Well, it isn’t holding up as well as you.</p>
<p><strong>Lee<br /></strong>It might be doing better [<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Donaldson<br /></strong>So how long did y’all go steady before you got married?</p>
<p><strong>Lee<br /></strong>From December ’45 to September ’46. You know, he had been overseas for three years. He was ready to live [<em>laughs</em>]. Go to school and have a family. I was too.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>When you live through such a traumatic thing as the [World] War [II], you learn what’s important. Was he in the Pacific [Theater]?</p>
<p><strong>Lee<br /></strong>India and China. He was over there, and my brother was in the Pacific too. Then when the Second World War started, my daddy was the shop superintendent of the Crown Paper Company, when they used to print all the paper that they used to wrap all the oranges in. and then when the war started in ’42, they asked for all scrap metal to be sent back. And Daddy was in the [American] Legion [Campbell-Lossing Post 53]. And there was a cannon in front, and Daddy helped dismantle it, and that’s when he got spoke[sic] to make my rolling pin with.</p>
<p>See, I graduated in ’42, and that’s when you always got a hope chest [<em>laughs</em>]. And mother was crocheting me a bedspread. Since Mama was making the bedspread, Daddy wanted to make something to go in my hope chest, so he had that spoke so—and they had a shop in the Crown Paper Company, so he could make my rolling pin.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>So your daddy made that rolling pin? Is it signed?</p>
<p><strong>Lee<br /></strong>No. I wanted to get a picture of the cannon, and I had a hard time. But I went down to the museum, and I started finding things, and I’ve got quite a bit of information on it.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>Did they turn that cannon in during World War II for the metal?</p>
<p><strong>Lee<br /></strong>Yeah. For the metal and it had been used in the First World War and they put it in front of the [Legion] Hut when they built it.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>Well, tell me how your father got involved in the legal system—in the jails, corrections…</p>
<p><strong>Lee<br /></strong>Well, it was my husband. Well, he graduated from Stetson with a business degree, but then he went to Rollins [College] and got a Master’s [degree] in Criminal Justice. When he was in the Army, he was in the military police and was interested in all that. When the Parole Commission advertised for people, he applied, took the test, and passed, and was hired. Then we went to Orlando for a little while. And then when an opening came in Sanford, he wanted to raise our family here, so we came here and then he was with the state for 32 years.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>Did he ever have any parolee problems—coming to the house?</p>
<p><strong>Lee<br /></strong>No. My husband was very good. People liked him. I remember after he was retired, and we were living here, we wanted to put a fence down the side in between the houses. And they said we couldn’t put a chain-link fence, and he went down and talked to somebody, and he said, “Well, you know, we wouldn’t put just an old chain-link fence. we’d put a green one down. We could put a barbed wire one down. It’s not prohibited.” The man said, “What?” And he said, “Yeah. I looked it up.” We got our fence [<em>laughs</em>]. It’s a nice fence. In fact, the people that live there, when they came home, they didn’t even notice it, ‘cause it was green and it was pretty, you know.</p>
<p>Anyway, the head of one of the departments said, “Mr. Lee, you don’t recognize me do you?” And James said, “No. I’m sorry. Should I know you?” And he said, “Well, I’m one of your success stories, and you told me…” He was very young. “I should think about what I wanted to be and start working toward it, and then try to get an education and become that. and here I am. I’m the head of the department.” I don’t know what department it was or anything, but he came home and said, “You know, I didn’t recognize—he’s a man now. He was a boy then. That was great.”</p>
<p>And another time—this was funny—is when the post office was Downtown. I still call it the post office. Not the one on Lakefront. the one on First Street.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson <br /></strong>Where the Historic [Sanford] Welcome Center is now. Okay.</p>
<p><strong>Lee<br /></strong>He came out to the car and he had the funniest look on his face. and I said, “What’s the matter?” He said, “I just got a Father’s Day card from this elderly man that was so old, he didn’t have his regular birthday. So Daddy figured out and got him a birthday…” And he said, “This is your birthday.” So he sent Daddy a Father’s Day card [<em>laughs</em>]. He had a lot of stories. I don’t remember too many of them, but he did have a lot. He said he was going to write a book after he retired, but he never had time.</p>
<p><strong>Donaldson<br /></strong>Now how many kids do you have?</p>
<p><strong>Lee<br /></strong>Three. Cathy [Lee Dingle], Linda [Lee Maliczowski], and Jimmy [Lee]. They were all under three—we had one, two, three. He retired and we’ve enjoyed it. And then he got sick, but everything’s okay.</p>
<p><strong>Donaldson<br /></strong>How many grandkids do you have?</p>
<p><strong>Lee<br /></strong>Well, we have five now. And then we had four great grandchildren. And when we add the in-laws, including me, there’s 18 of us. You know, it multiplies.</p>
<p><strong>Donaldson<br /></strong>And do you get together?</p>
<p><strong>Lee<br /></strong>Yeah. Maybe we don’t get all together at the same time. But Mendelson’s getting married, but it’ll be about a year. He just got engaged. He’s a nurse at the Florida Memorial [Medical Center] hospital in Daytona [Beach]. They grew up so fast. I’ve had several parties here in the yard, and she wants to have an engagement party in the yard now. In the ‘70s and ‘80s, [inaudible] Sawyer’s had a pasture out. And they had horses in it, but the horses were not where they had the parties. but they had what we call “pasture parties.”</p>
<p><strong>Donaldson<br /></strong>Mm-hmm, I went to them.</p>
<p><strong>Lee<br /></strong>You did? Wonderful. Anyway, it was a lot of fun. But then we all got old—they don’t have pasture parties after you get old.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>Describe a pasture party. What is a pasture party?</p>
<p><strong>Lee<br /></strong>Well, it was a pasture. And then Blake [Jones]—Joyce’s husband—he had a grill out there and a real small trailer and electricity. And he built picnic tables and a thing over it, and had a shed that he could keep chairs in. and when we went, we all took something—potluck. The men would cook on the grill and it was a lot of fun.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>Did people ride horses or did you play games?</p>
<p><strong>Lee<br /></strong>No. The kids—but I’m talking about the old folks. We didn’t ride horses. We just talked and laughed and had a good time. Then we lost quite a few. And last summer, we lost a couple: Elizabeth Steele and Joyce Adams Jones. And I thought it would be a lot of fun to get all the old people back together, so I had a backyard pasture party. But I didn’t want anybody bringing potluck, so I had [inaudible] catering. I said, “We’re too old to try to cook and bring things.” We took a lot of pictures. we really had a good time.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>When you had these, was it for Fourth of July or Memorial Day or things like that or spontaneous?</p>
<p><strong>Lee<br /></strong>Spontaneous. It was always on the weekend, because some people were still working. and it was a lot of fun. I had pictures of when we were young and we took pictures at the backyard party.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>Have you all followed the tradition?</p>
<p><strong>Dingle<br /></strong>Well, she had one here in her yard recently.</p>
<p><strong>Lee<br /></strong>It was in November. And now they’re all saying, “When are you having the next one?” Well, our helpers had to get over the last one, because I couldn’t do that much they were having to do it.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>So it’s gone down to another generation. The leaders of the pasture party.</p>
<p><strong>Lee<br /></strong>Anyway, those of us that were in it had a wonderful time. Benny and Louis Austin, Gladys and Doug Stenstrom, Joyce and Blake, of course. And Margie and Leo [inaudible], and [inaudible] and Charlie Smith. Ken and Mary McIntosh were here. Paddy [inaudible], Dr. Bill White. Even when James and I were at the beach and they had a condo[minium], and upstairs they had a meeting room. I called all the folks and said, “I’m having a beach pasture party.” so for a couple of years, we had a beach pasture party [<em>laughs</em>]. They’d all come over to the beach and go up to the 7<sup>th</sup> floor…</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>It sounds to me like you’re the social director of the group.</p>
<p><strong>Lee<br /></strong>No. I really wasn’t. But I did have the extra parties where everybody came and brought something. but Joyce and Blake and Margie really started it. They had the real pasture. I never had a real pasture. Did it in the backyard or the beach. It was Benny[?] and Phil Logan and…</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>All of these people that you’re naming—when your husband—when you were in Orlando, and he said, “I want us to move to Sanford and raise a family here,” were all his friends here? What is Sanford to you all?</p>
<p><strong>Lee<br /></strong>Sanford’s home. We grew up here, we went to school here, and most of these people we went to school with.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>And did they leave and come back also?</p>
<p><strong>Lee<br /></strong>Some of them left and came back. Now, James and I weren’t gone long. We were at Stetson for three years and then…</p>
<p><strong>Dingle<br /></strong>I was in the third grade when we came back here. I was eight. We were probably gone 10 or 11 years.</p>
<p><strong>Lee<br /></strong>But we were always coming back. You know, Mother and Daddy were right here in this house, so we were here a lot—most every week. And never felt like we had gone away. He did want to live here and raise our children.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>How many people were in Sanford when you came back? When I opened my restaurant in 1981 there were 20,000.</p>
<p><strong>Dingle<br /></strong>Really, just 20,000?</p>
<p><strong>Lee<br /></strong>That’s a lot more people.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>But it still has that small-town feel to me. The people we’ve talked to—I’m trying to get that feel of what was Sanford that brought everybody here.</p>
<p><strong>Lee<br /></strong>Well, like Margie and Leo [inaudible]. He was in the Navy. They were gone a long time, but then they came back. but then a lot of people stayed anyway. Joyce and Blake went to California, but then they came back.</p>
<p><strong>Dingle<br /></strong>I think, as time goes on, when you’re younger, you want to leave and go to another town. And then you go to some big place and it’s not very friendly and a lot harder to get around. and you feel uncomfortable and you say, “Sanford wasn’t as bad as I thought it was. Let’s go home.”</p>
<p><strong>Lee<br /></strong>And you know everybody. Sometimes I go to town and I don’t know anybody and that feels funny. Our group—all of us—us pasture parties—we get together all the time.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>Gladys moved to Jacksonville, right? Does she ever get back down?</p>
<p><strong>Lee<br /></strong>Yeah. She comes down. Of course, she came down when Ralph [inaudible] died. He’s her cousin. She’s coming down in April. Joyce and I have a birthday party for about four of us, but we couldn’t do it this time. But we’re going to do it—I think George said we were going to do it in June. Gladys couldn’t come for a while. She was sick, but she’s okay now. and we’re going to have a belated birthday party for Linda Roth. Linda Roth was a pasture girl [<em>laughs</em>]. Linda is Leroy Roth’s wife. They were pasture party people. Linda has moved down to where her daughter lives, but she’s coming back.</p>
<p><strong>Dingle<br /></strong>She just moved right before Christmas right?</p>
<p><strong>Lee<br /></strong>Yeah. It’s hard to believe she’s not sitting in church every Sunday. She’s going to church down there.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>Now, your kids were too young to have gone through integration of…</p>
<p><strong>Dingle<br /></strong>We were the class. Ingrid was the first person to be integrated, and she was in our class—Ingrid Burton. We were in junior high school. I remember pulling her across the street. she did not want to come. She was the only—in that whole school. We were upstairs in science class looking out the window, and they were pretty much pulling her across the street—her parents. She was the one they chose to be integrated. I’m sure she was very smart. She’s a schoolteacher out in Lake Mary. She came back here. There were only several black kids in our graduating class. Maybe about five or six in the whole class, I believe.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>Of high school?</p>
<p><strong>Dingle<br /></strong>Of the class of ’68. There weren’t that many.</p>
<p><strong>Donaldson<br /></strong>Because integration was ’71. Forced integration was ’71.</p>
<p><strong>Dingle<br /></strong>It was either 8<sup>th</sup> or 9<sup>th</sup> grade when she came. so she was with us for about five years.</p>
<p>I was on the yearbook staff and I was the editor my senior year. I don’t think there was a black in the senior class, because integration started in my class. Henry June—I remember him.</p>
<p><strong>Lee<br /></strong>That must have been hard for those children.</p>
<p><strong>Dingle<br /></strong>Ronald Thomas—I didn’t know him. At least Henry had someone. There were only two black students in the senior class of ’67.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>Did you have any black friends or know any blacks?</p>
<p><strong>Lee<br /></strong>No. see, at that time, my mother always had help. We always had maids. And as I had my children, I had Ines. She worked for me for 25 years. We’re still friends. I send her a birthday card with a check and a Christmas card, and she calls me. When I lost James, she came here and she came to his funeral.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>And you didn’t have any of the prejudice? That is wonderful. With what we’re going through now,<a title="">[2]</a> there’s a lot of talk.</p>
<p><strong>Lee<br /></strong>And see, to me, that’s not Sanford. I feel terrible that they are misrepresenting things, and they’re not telling the truth about Sanford, because I had never known that. When Charles and I were little…</p>
<p><strong>Dingle<br /></strong>There were eight in our junior class. That’s Ingrid. I don’t know if they all stayed and graduated, but Viola Jordan—we were in PE [physical education] together.</p>
<p><strong>Lee<br /></strong>My brother was two years younger than me, and he’s been gone 20 years. But Mama had—and he loved old Catherine, and she used to take him down to the lakefront to fish before he ever started to school. We were close to those that were there and worked for us.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>Where did they live?</p>
<p><strong>Lee<br /></strong>They lived either in Georgetown or Goldsboro[?]. Now, when Aunt Ruth lived on Second and [inaudible], there was a two-story house. I don’t remember why it was built. It was used—downstairs had been for the wash. And then there was the upstairs that we had as a playroom. But then later, when we were in high school, Aunt Ruth had a maid that lived downstairs. It wasn’t like that movie—I haven’t seen it but…</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong><em>The Help</em>?</p>
<p><strong>Lee<br /></strong>Yeah. I haven’t seen it, but Cathy saw it. She said that somebody asked her if she knew anything like that, and she said she never knew anything like that in Sanford. We didn’t.</p>
<p><strong>Donaldson<br /></strong>It wasn’t an accurate portrayal is what I heard.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>It was in some areas.</p>
<p><strong>Lee<br /></strong>See, we’re not Mississippi or Alabama.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>You go to Mississippi, you go to Alabama—this is your story. But my mother’s from Mississippi, and her mother had a boarding house. And they had black maids that came in, and they literally lived in shotgun houses. You could shoot a gun straight through the house and go out the back door. Lived across the tracks. Absolutely, there was the line. That was very much in the small town of Mississippi, when I was a child. It was absolutely amazing to me, because I was a Navy brat. Born in the Dominican Republic. The only white child anywhere around and lived in California and New York. You know, very cosmopolitan compared to Mississippi. Yeah. but in Tennessee, we didn’t have that at all.</p>
<p><strong>Lee<br /></strong>Cathy said that. She saw it with some of her friends and she said, “Was it like that in Sanford?” She said, “No.”</p>
<p><strong>Dingle<br /></strong>Like what? Drinking in bathrooms?</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>Separate bathrooms and drinking fountains.</p>
<p><strong>Dingle<br /></strong>Well, I remember as a kid in Orlando going to Sears[, Roebuck & Company] through the back door. We would park in one parking lot, and go back and there was a water fountain. one was black and one was white.</p>
<p><strong>Lee<br /></strong>I do remember water fountains.</p>
<p><strong>Dingle<br /></strong>They called it “colored” then. I remember we’d go in there, there’d be nobody there, and there’d be three of us and we all wanted a drink of water. And we were wanting to go over there and we were told that we couldn’t go over there. that that wasn’t our fountain. And I remember going, “But why not?”</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>Did they have a fountain guard?</p>
<p><strong>Dingle<br /></strong>We were just told not to use that. “Here. this is yours.” “But there’s three of us and I want a drink.”</p>
<p><strong>Lee<br /></strong>I do remember it was separate there, but not in homes. You had a maid. She used your bathroom.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>And of course, I guess you didn’t notice that they wouldn’t be in touch at drug stores. They couldn’t come through the front door. They had to go to the back door to get their prescriptions.</p>
<p><strong>Lee<br /></strong>I didn’t know that. No.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>They wouldn’t let them. They wouldn’t serve them if they came in through the front door.</p>
<p><strong>Dingle<br /></strong>I do remember that they had their own entrance in the movie theater. There was a wall. There was the downstairs part and then the balcony had a wall in between, and on one side, it was this section, and on the other, there was a door, and that’s where the blacks would come in. The theater was divided. We thought that was so weird.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>We never had that.</p>
<p><strong>Donaldson<br /></strong>Well, you see, this is what she and I were talking about. So many people were saying, “It just didn’t seem right.” and it seemed like such an injustice. How did it last so long? And how were there that many people who thought it was the right thing to do if everybody I meet says, “I felt like it was an injustice”?</p>
<p><strong>Dingle<br /></strong>It’s just like when any law is made. It’s easy to make the law, but it’s hard to change it. These were laws. It was just, “Put the wall up.”</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>Really and truly, I’m going to give us the credit for it, because I think men would just go along. And I think the women finally stood up and said, “I want my friend to be here.” We weren’t the militant—we were quiet and easing into it. The men were militant.</p>
<p>With everything that’s going on right now, we’re seeing more openness. We’re seeing more blacks downtown. We’re seeing more people speaking to each other. I was at the post office—the guy in front of me was black. The person behind me was black. They all looked me in the eye and smiled at me. Said, “Hello.” and I said, “Hello” back. I don’t know if they wouldn’t have at another time or maybe I’m more sensitive to it now, because of what’s happened.</p>
<p>Now, let’s go to the past a little bit. Can you tell about being in the [inaudible] Club?</p>
<p><strong>Lee<br /></strong>Well, I wasn’t in the [inaudible] Club. I was just there. Gladys invited us. I took my picture with them, but I wasn’t one of them as a youngster. I think they were younger than me. Gladys was younger. I think Gladys was 12 years younger than Florence [Stenstrom], Violet, and me.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>Now was Florence Doug’s first wife?</p>
<p><strong>Lee<br /></strong>Yes. And they were the first pasture party people. After she died, he married Patty [Stenstrom] and she was a pasture party person.</p>
<p><strong>Donaldson<br /></strong>Which grade school did you go to?</p>
<p><strong>Lee<br /></strong>I went to Southside Grammar School, junior high, and then high school.</p>
<p><strong>Donaldson<br /></strong>Break that up. How many years did you go to Southside?</p>
<p><strong>Lee<br /></strong>Four years—two. Junior high was two and high school was four years.</p>
<p><strong>Donaldson<br /></strong>Who was your first grade teacher? I’m just curious, because my dad and I had the same one.</p>
<p><strong>Lee<br /></strong>At the time, she was Ms. Chapman, but then she got married and she was Mrs. [inaudible], and they belong to our church too. When we moved back over here, she was substituting. She had a kindergarten, and the children would stay with Mama, and Mrs. [inaudible] would let them come and stay in her kindergarten. It didn’t matter if they were students or not. She loved us.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>Can you think of the scariest time you ever had? Gladys tells the story of how frightened she got when she saw the Ku Klux Klan on the corner of Melonville [Avenue].</p>
<p><strong>Lee<br /></strong>I remember one time, Jimmy was sick. They had to do a bone marrow—I remember Cathy went with me. Cathy always wanted to be a doctor. She’d even keep her eyes open whenever the doctor would do something to her. I’d always close my eyes. I remember that I couldn’t talk. I couldn’t say anything. I remember I was listening—that they were saying that they had to do the bone marrow test. and after they did it, it was alright. His white blood count was normal in the bone marrow test. I remember being scared then.</p>
<p>I wasn’t scared when I had the kids. Of course, I was awake when Cathy was born, because all three were Caesarian [sections]. But hers had gone too far, so they had a tent in front of me, and the doctor asked me, “Do you feel that?” And I said, “Yes. it feels like you’re running a pen down my tummy.” When I heard her cry, he started doing something and I said, “Are you getting another one?” This was 67 years ago. I didn’t know anything back then. He said, “No. it just takes longer to sew you up than to cut you open.” I can remember all that very plainly. I always thought everything was going to be alright.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>What’s your happiest memory? What memories always make you feel great?</p>
<p><strong>Lee<br /></strong>Getting married, having all my children, moving back to Sanford. I was thrilled. And buying that house over on 15<sup>th</sup> Street. The dining room was fantastic. It had beamed ceilings, and stained-glass windows, and a built in buffet all the way around it. The floor was striped—dark wood, black and gold.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>Like inlaid wood? Oh, man.</p>
<p><strong>Lee<br /></strong>And I remember James said, “Honey, we can’t heat this house.” It had 12-foot ceilings, you know. And I said, “Honey, that’s alright. I’ll put my coat on and I’ll go sit in the dining room and say, ‘This is why we bought the house.’” That was a happy time.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>And how long did you live there?</p>
<p><strong>Lee<br /></strong>Well, honey, it felt like I lived there longer. It was just 18 years, but the kids all went to school and college, the girls got married, I lost Mom and Daddy. You know, so much happened. I’ve been here since ’79.</p>
<p><strong>Dingle<br /></strong>It was ’78 or ’79, because I got married in ’76. and then we bought the house from them when they moved back here. We sold the house about eight years ago.</p>
<p><strong>Lee<br /></strong>You see, they had it for longer than we did, but it seemed like we lived there longer, because so much happened. It just seemed like I’ve been here since then, and I’ve had all the grandchildren, but of course, we had grandchildren over there. You lived there like 27 years.</p>
<p><strong>Dingle<br /></strong>And before that.</p>
<p><strong>Lee<br /></strong>And you lived there before that, because you grew up there.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>And did you love the dining room just as much?</p>
<p><strong>Dingle<br /></strong>Oh, yeah. It was a great house. It was huge though. I have a son and he is now 23, and he was a big person. And we were gone all the time. Because of baseball and all these things and it was just too big of a house to take care of, and we decided it was time to find a smaller place.</p>
<p><strong>Lee<br /></strong>You see, I was there all the time, and all the neighbor kids were there and my kids too. I had Ines. she worked. </p>
<p><strong>Dingle<br /></strong>And when Joshie [Dingle] was little, there weren’t any kids in the neighborhood. We had to import them.</p>
<p><strong>Lee<br /></strong>If they ever put it on the [Sanford Holiday] Tour [of Historic Homes], y’all should go. I can’t go back. I just don’t want to see it again.</p>
<p><strong>Dingle<br /></strong>She means since it’s not in the family anymore. It’s a beautiful house, and they’ve done a lot of work since they got it.</p>
<p><strong>Lee<br /></strong>It was 14 rooms and look how many outside doors. If I was there by myself, I could not live there by myself, like I can here.</p>
<p><strong>Dingle<br /></strong>I can. It was easy.</p>
<p><strong>Lee<br /></strong>I remember when James and I wanted to move back here, Linda said, “If you ever sell this place, I go with the house.” I remember her saying that.</p>
<p><strong>Dingle<br /></strong>So I bought the house instead. I always said the house had a protective blanket over it. It was protected.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>It just felt that way.</p>
<p><strong>Dingle<br /></strong>I could walk through the house blindfolded. I would walk through it in the dark with no problem. I knew where I was going. When the tornado hit here, I was out of town when it happened, and Daddy called me from here. I was visiting a friend in Washington, and Daddy said, “You need to come home. The tornado came.” that was when Sarah [Dingle] was born, or about 35 years ago.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>Would this be in ’83? The real bad hailstorm…</p>
<p><strong>Donaldson<br /></strong>The hailstorm was in ’83. The tornado was in the ‘90s.</p>
<p><strong>Lee<br /></strong>The tornado was later.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>I think they were at the same time, because I was looking at the sky and it was green.</p>
<p><strong>Dingle<br /></strong>It was a hailstorm, but it was also a tornado.</p>
<p><strong>Lee<br /></strong>It went all the way around the house, because we had to have all the windows and screens replaced.</p>
<p><strong>Dingle <br /></strong>Yeah, but that was here. Over there, we went back and nothing, except some of the roof, was—a friend of mine, Cindy, was staying in the house when I was gone, and she left work. She said she drove home and there was stuff all over the place. it had been getting bad. She thought, “Man, I’ve got to get in that house all by myself and it’s dark.” She first went in and didn’t try to turn the lights on, because she knew there wouldn’t be any. and then she walked in the room and forgot and turned the light on and they were all on. We didn’t lose power. we didn’t lose anything.</p>
<p><strong>Donaldson<br /></strong>And that’s Cindy Slaten Lee.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>What about the hurricanes? Were you living in that house when they had the four…</p>
<p><strong>Dingle<br /></strong>I remember living there during Hurricane Donna. That was when we were kids. I was living there when—I remember that I cooked everything in my freezer, because I was afraid it was going to go bad, because we were going to lose power. and then it didn’t go bad and I had to have all these people over to eat all the food. I remember that was the only time we boarded windows, because we always taped windows. But it was supposed to be bad, and that house is three feet off the ground and then the windows are humongous. we went and got plywood and boarded up that house. It was just me and my husband, and I was there holding the boards, and then the hurricane never came. But I would rather be prepared. I was in the other house when the other four came. They weren’t fun.</p>
<p><strong>Lee<br /></strong>But, you see, in this house, the worst we had was when there was a hailstorm and it went all around the house. When it comes to hurricanes, I never worried. This is a well-built house.</p>
<p><strong>Dingle<br /></strong>I made her come to my house during those four hurricanes, and the next time, she said, “I’ll stay home. You have to come to my house next time.”</p>
<p><strong>Lee <br /></strong>You know, when I was little, I remember telling Daddy, “I’m scared somebody will come.” And my Daddy would say, “Honey, don’t worry. If anybody comes, as soon as morning comes, and they see you, they’ll bring you right back.”</p>
<p><strong>Donaldson<br /></strong>Tell her the story about the pond.</p>
<p><strong>Lee<br /></strong>Well, my Daddy built the pond in the ‘30s. My mama wanted it, and we went to Daytona and got the Kokino[sp] rock, and it’s still there around the pond. Heidi has to take care of it by herself. She’s got three lots. I’ve just got two. She comes over and takes care of my pond. It’s got fish, water lilies, and I’ve got stuff blooming in the pond. In the early ‘30s, you might find more ponds around. They were popular. People liked to have them. Mama’s fish were tame. Mine aren’t tame. Mama could put her finger in the water and wiggle it and the fish would come. When I come by the pond, mine hide.</p>
<p><strong>Dingle<br /></strong>Well, maybe because they think that you’re going to eat them like the owl did. Heidi has an owl that lives in her backyard and he’s eaten some of the fish.</p>
<p><strong>Lee<br /></strong>It’s a natural habitat over there. It’s a shame she isn’t really out in the woods, you know. She’s got a plaque from the state that says her backyard is a habitat.</p>
<div><br /><div>
<p><a title="">[1]</a> Rand Yard Ice House.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="">[2]</a> The trial of George Michael Zimmerman for the fatal shooting of Travyon Benjamin Martin on February 26, 2012.</p>
</div>
</div>
15th Street
1st Street
3rd Street
African Americans
American Legion
American Legion Campbell-Lossing Post 53
Benny Austin
Benny Logan
Bessie Long
Bill White
Blake Jones
C-sections
Caesarian sections
cannons
Carlie Smith
Catherine Lee
Catherine Lee Dingle
Cathy Dingle
Cathy Lee
Celery Soup: Florida's Folk Life Play
Chapman
China
Cindy Slaten
Cindy Slaten Lee
Creative Sanford, Inc.
criminal justice
Crown Paper Company
DeLand
desegregation
Douglas Stenstrom
Downtown Sanford
Elizabeth Steele
Fifteenth Street
First Street
Florence Stenstrom
Gladys Stenstrom
groceries
grocery
Henry June
Higgins
Historic Sanford Welcome Center
hope chests
Hurricane Donna
hurricanes
India
Ingrid Burton
integration
James Lee
James Roberts
Jimmy Lee
Joshie Dingle
Joyce Adams
Joyce Adams Jones
Ken McIntosh
KKK
Ku Klux Klan
Legion Hut
Leroy Roth
Linda Roth
Lnda Lee
Louis Austin
Luticia Lee
Luticia Roberts
maids
Mark
Marty
Mary McIntosh
Mendelson
metal drive
metal drives
military police
Nathan Garner
Oak Avenue
oral history
orlando
Pacific Theater
Palmetto Avenue
Parole Commission
pasture party
Patty Stenstrom
Phil Logan
ponds
post offices
potlucks
race relations
Rand Yard Ice House
Roberts
rolling pin
Rollins College
Ronald Thomas
Sanford
Sanford High School
Sanford Post Office
Sarah Dingle
Sawyer
scrap metals
segregation
Seminole High School
Southside Grammar School
Stetson University
The Help
Tish Lee
Tish Roberts
tornadoes
Trish Thompson
veterans
Viola Jordan
World War I
World War II
WWII
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A History of Central Florida Collection
Alternative Title
History of Central Florida Collection
Subject
Podcasts
Documentaries
Description
A History of Central Florida Podcast series explores Central Florida's history through the artifacts found in local area museums and historical societies.
Contributor
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
Cassanello, Robert
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/70" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida.
Language
eng
Type
Collection
Coverage
Altoona, Florida
Astor, Florida
Brevard County, Florida
Bushnell, Florida
Clermont, Florida
Cocoa Beach, Florida
Daytona Beach, Florida
DeLand, Florida
Disston City, Florida
Fort King, Florida
Geneva, Florida
Goldenrod, Florida
Groveland, Florida
Holly Hill, Florida
Hontoon Island, DeLand, Florida
Jacksonville, Florida
Kissimmee, Florida
Lake Apopka, Florida
Lake County, Florida
Lake Mary, Florida
Marion County, Florida
Merritt Island, Florida
Miami, Florida
Mims, Florida
Mount Dora, Florida
Newnans Lake, Gainesville, Florida
New Smyrna, Florida
New Smyrna Beach, Florida
Ocala, Florida
Ocklawaha River, Florida
Orlando, Florida
Ormond Beach, Florida
Osceola County, Florida
Sanford, Florida
Silver Springs, Florida
St. Augustine, Florida
St. Cloud, Florida
St. Johns River, Florida
St. Petersburg, Florida
Tampa, Florida
Tavares, Florida
Weirsdale, Florida
Winter Garden, Florida
Winter Park, Florida
Ybor City, Tampa, Florida
Rights Holder
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>
Contributing Project
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
External Reference
"<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php.
Moving Image
A series of visual representations that, when shown in succession, impart an impression of motion.
Producer
Cassanello, Robert
Director
Velásquez, Daniel
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A History of Central Florida, Episode 34: Rollins Collegiate Wear
Alternative Title
Rollins Collegiate Wear Podcast
Subject
Winter Park (Fla.)
Colleges
Universities
Sports--Florida
Football--Florida
Baseball--Florida
Description
Episode 34 of A History of Central Florida Podcast: Rollins Collegiate Wear. A History of Central Florida Podcast series explores Central Florida's history through the artifacts found in local area museums and historical societies. These podcasts can involve the participation or cooperation of local area partners.<br /><br />Episode 34 features a discussion of collegiate wear housed at Rollins College's Olin Library in Winter Park, Florida. This podcast also includes interviews with Dr. Christopher Loss of Vanderbilt University and Dr. Jack Constant Lane of Rollins College.
Type
Moving Image
Source
Original 13-minute and 38-second podcast by Daniel Velásquez, 2014: "A History of Central Florida, Episode 34: Rollins Collegiate Wear." <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">A History of Central Florida</a>, Orlando, Florida.
Requires
<a href="http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer/" target="_blank">Adobe Flash Player</a>
<a href="http://java.com/en/download/index.jsp" target="_blank">Java</a>
Is Part Of
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">A History of Central Florida</a>, Orlando, Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/137" target="_blank">A History of Central Florida Collection</a>, RICHES Podcast Documentaries Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
Coverage
Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida
Creator
Velásquez, Daniel
Publisher
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>
Contributor
Loss, Christopher
Lane, Jack Constant
Cassanello, Robert
Clarke, Bob
Gibson, Ella Hazen, Kendra
Hazen, Kendra
Kelley, Katie
<a href="http://www.rollins.edu/library/archives/" target="_blank">Department of College Archives and Special Collections, Olin Library, Rollins College</a>
<a href="http://www.floridamemory.com/" target="_blank">Florida Memory Project</a>
Date Created
ca. 2014-11-17
Date Issued
2014-11-17
Date Copyrighted
2014-11-17
Format
video/mp4
Medium
13-minute and 38-second podcast
Language
eng
Mediator
History Teacher
Geography Teacher
Provenance
Originally created by Daniel <span>Velásquez</span> and published by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>.
Rights Holder
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>
Accrual Method
Item Creation
Contributing Project
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">A History of Central Florida</a>
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
External Reference
"<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/4573" target="_blank">A History of Central Florida, Episode 34: Rollins Collegiate Wear</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/4573.
"<a href="http://www.rollins.edu/about-rollins/traditions-and-history/index.html" target="_blank">Traditions and History</a>." Rollins College. http://www.rollins.edu/about-rollins/traditions-and-history/index.html.
Lane, Jack C. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/9664673" target="_blank"><em>Rollins College: A Pictorial History</em></a>. [Winter Park, Fla.]: The College, 1980.
<span>Wagner, Paul Alexander. </span><a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1626404" target="_blank"><em>Rollins College and Dr. Hamilton Holt; Pioneering Higher Education in Florida</em></a><span>. New York: Newcomen Society in North America, 1951.</span>
Click to View (Movie, Podcast, or Website)
<a href="https://youtu.be/zjgn2AJQUjo" target="_blank">A History of Central Florida, Episode 34: Rollins Collegiate Wear</a>
Is Referenced By
"<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2504" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries, New Podcast Preview: A History of Central Florida</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2504.
Extent
89.2 MB
A History of Central Florida
American Red Cross
Annie Russell Theatre
Asa Will Jennings
athletes
baseballs
basketballs
beanies
Bob Clarke
Catherine H. Bailey
Chip Ford
Christopher Loss
college sports
colleges
collegiate wear
D. K. Dickinson
Daniel Velásquez
Darla Moore
David Bothe
desegregation
Dickson-Ives Company
Dwight D. Eisenhower
Dwight David Eisenhower
E. H. Riggs
E. R. Donnely
Elfreda Winany
Elinor Flood
Elizabeth Blish
Ella Gibson
epartment of College Archives and Special Collections
fashion
footballs
fraternities
George Young
Gerard M. Miller
Gilbert Maxwell
H. F. Harris
Hamilton Holt
hats
Helen Cole
Holt Avenue
Ike Eisenhower
integration
Irving Bacheller
J. K. List
J. W. List
Jack Constant Lane
James Holden
Jazz Age
John Dewey
Kappa Epsilon
Kathleen Shepherd
Katie Kelley
Kendra Hazen
Lake Virginia
letterman sweaters
liberal arts
Margaret Chapman
Marita Stueve
Mason
Morton
Nancy Cushman
National Collegiate Athletic Association
NCAA
New England
OCRHC
Olin Library
Orange County Regional History Center
orlando
Ormond Beach
Percy McKane
Perrydell
Peter McCann
Phi Mu
Pi Beta Phi
Pi Kappa Delta
Progressivism
Richard S. Shattuck
Robert Cassanello
Robert E. James
Robert Warfield
Rollins College
Rollins Hall
Rollins Honor Student Company
Rollins Tar Babies
Ruth Dawson
Sanford Celeryfeds
school spirit
sororities
sorority
sports
Spring Training
Stering Olmsted
student movement
students
tennis
The Rollins Sandspur
Theodore J. Ehrlich
Thomas P. Bailey
U.S. Navy
Virginia Holm
W. D.
Walk of Fame
Walter Stevens
Wenxian Zhang
Winter Park
World War I
World War II
WWI
WWII
-
https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/e6bad1d824a6cfb5815ccf67fc2d43b6.pdf
ef42e997bfbd1f4d128b8a3cbad20d50
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Creative Sanford, Inc. Collection
Alternative Title
Creative Sanford Collection
Subject
Seminole County (Fla.)
Folk plays
Sanford (Fla.)
Description
<span>Creative Sanford, Inc. is a non-profit organization created to manage <em>Celery Soup: Florida's Folk Life Play</em> community theater productions. The original idea for the Celery Soup project came from Jeanine Taylor, the owner of a folk-art gallery on First Street in Sanford, Florida. Their first production was </span><em>Touch and Go</em><span>, a play focusing on the people of Sanford and their determination to overcome various obstacles, including the Freeze of 1894-1895, the fall of Sanford's celery industry, and the closing of Naval Air Station (NAS) Sanford in the 1960s. In the process of producing the show, Creative Sanford decided to rehabilitate an historic building, the Princess Theater, which is located on 115 West First Street and owned by Stephen Tibstra. The Creative Sanford offices are housed in the Historic Sanford Welcome Center, located at 203 East First Street.</span>
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/16" target="_blank">Sanford Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/44" target="_blank">Seminole County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida.
Language
eng
Type
Collection
Coverage
Historic Sanford Welcome Center, Downtown Sanford, Florida
Princess Theater, Downtown Sanford, Florida
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
External Reference
"<a href="http://www.celerysoupsanford.com//about" target="_blank">WHO IS CREATIVE SANFORD, INC?</a>" Celery Soup. http://www.celerysoupsanford.com//about.
<span>"<a href="http://www.celerysoupsanford.com/about/" target="_blank">About: History and Purpose</a>." Celery Soup. http://www.celerysoupsanford.com/about/.</span>
"<a href="http://www.communityperformanceinternational.org/sanford-florida" target="_blank">Sanford, Florida: How do you make Celery Soup? Add stories, then stir</a>." Community Performance International. http://www.communityperformanceinternational.org/sanford-florida.
Contributor
<a href="http://www.celerysoupsanford.com/" target="_blank">Creative Sanford, Inc.</a>
Oral History
A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Oral History of Calvert and Phyllis Conklin
Alternative Title
Oral History, Conklin
Subject
Sanford (Fla.)
Race relations--Florida
Architecture--Florida
Engineering--United States.
Humanitarianism--United States
Description
An oral history of Calvert Conklin and Phyllis Conklin. Cal moved from Baltimore, Maryland, to Florida in 1963 and Phyllis was born in Florida. The couple met each other at the University of Illinois, where Cal pursued his doctorate degree after returning from the Korean War. In the interview, Cal and Phyllis discuss their involvement in the development of the historic section of Downtown Sanford. They also discuss their humanitarian experiences and awards. The couple then delves into the racial tensions within Sanford during integration, even going so far as to tell detailed stories of violence within the city and the alienation they experienced because they came from the North and openly mixed with African Americans.
Type
Text
Source
Conklin, Calvert and Phyllis Conklin. Interviewed by Trish Thompson. Celery Soup, June 24, 2011. Audio record available. <a href="http://www.celerysoupsanford.com//about" target="_blank">Creative Sanford, Inc.</a>, Sanford Florida.
Requires
<a href="https://get.adobe.com/reader/" target="_blank">Adobe Acrobat Reader</a>
Is Part Of
<a href="http://www.celerysoupsanford.com//about" target="_blank">Creative Sanford, Inc.</a>, Sanford Florida.
<a href="http://www.celerysoupsanford.com//about" target="_blank">Creative Sanford, Inc. Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
Is Format Of
Digital transcript of original oral history: Interviewed by Trish Thompson. Celery Soup, June 24, 2011. Audio record available. <a href="http://www.celerysoupsanford.com//about" target="_blank">Creative Sanford, Inc.</a>, Sanford Florida.
Coverage
Sanford, Florida
Wayne Densch Performing Arts Center, Sanford, Florida
Woman's Club of Sanford, Sanford, Florida
Rescue Outreach Mission of Central Florida, Sanford, Florida
Good Samaritan Home of Sanford, Sanford, Florida
First Presbyterian Church, Sanford, Florida
Creator
Thompson, Trish
Conklin, Calvert
Conklin, Phyllis
Date Created
2011-06-24
Format
application/pdf
Extent
212 KB
Medium
19-page digital transcript
Language
eng
Mediator
History Teacher
Provenance
Originally created by Trish Thompson, Calvert Conklin, and Phyllis Conklin, and transcribed by Freddie Román-Toro.
Rights Holder
Copyright to this resource is held by <a href="http://www.celerysoupsanford.com//about" target="_blank">Creative Sanford, Inc.</a> and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only.
Accrual Method
Donation
Contributing Project
<a href="http://www.celerysoupsanford.com//about" target="_blank">Creative Sanford, Inc.</a>
<a href="http://www.celerysoupsanford.com/" target="_blank">Celery Soup</a>
Curator
Román-Toro, Freddie
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://www.celerysoupsanford.com//about" target="_blank">Creative Sanford, Inc.</a>
External Reference
"<a href="http://www.celerysoupsanford.com/" target="_blank">Celery Soup</a>." <em>Celery Soup: Florida's Folk Life Play</em>. http://www.celerysoupsanford.com/.
"<a href="http://www.celerysoupsanford.com/" target="_blank">Celery Soup</a>." <em>Creative Sanford, Inc.</em>. http://www.celerysoupsanford.com/.
Kharif, Wali Rashash. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/10501914" target="_blank"><em>The Refinement of Racial Segregation in Florida After the Civil War</em></a>. Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 1983, 1983.
Transcript
<p><strong>Calvert<br /></strong>My middle name is Calvert, which is my mother’s last name, and she and I are related to the Virginia Calvert, and that goes all the way back to Lord Baltimore.<a title="">[1]</a> The first one was George [Calvert] and the second was Charles [Calvert]. Anyway, one of my crazy relatives tried to sue the City of Baltimore, claiming the land was his. Needless—he didn’t get very far, and of course, there was a Calvert whiskey at one time, and they have one of these genealogy books—it’s an advertisement—and they got up to my mother and me, and they didn’t carry it on any further, so I stopped drinking their dang whiskey.</p>
<p><strong>Phyllis<br /></strong>You never did anyway.</p>
<p><strong>Calvert<br /></strong>But that’s my story. I’m going to stick to it.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>Well now, Lord Baltimore came from England, but Calvert whiskey—I thought that was scotch?</p>
<p><strong>Calvert<br /></strong>No, it was a blended one made by a Canadian.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /> </strong>So your family is English?</p>
<p><strong>Calvert<br /></strong>All English.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>So how’d you get to Sanford?</p>
<p><strong>Calvert<br /></strong>I’m in the engineering business and we came down here. One of the senior partners, Just Deets[sp], visited a Northern client of ours in Champaign-Urbana, Illinois, by the name of Cecil Osier, and we had done work for Cecil up there doing developments, and he was down here building a bunch of manufactured homes that don’t look very nice, but they’re over on Summerlin [Avenue] around there—those little box homes? And Deets stopped by to see him, and he told Deets that the city didn’t have a sewage plant at the time, and he said that they were going to interview for an engineer to design the sewage plant and that we should apply, and so Deets went down and met old Leffler and Busch[sp] —two of the old families in Sanford—and they were in a partnership. Busch later became [inaudible] engineer.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>Leffler—was that the Judge [Kenneth Murrell] Leffler?</p>
<p><strong>Calvert<br /></strong>It was his brother. His older brother was an engineer. We formed a partnership with them, and I was sent down here to do the inspection. Decided I liked the place and came down and started an office. Over the years, that turned into what now is CPH—Conklin, Porter, [&] Holmes [Engineers, Inc.].</p>
<p><strong>Phyllis<br /></strong>And when he came down to inspect this sewage plant, we had gone down to my grandmother’s in Southern Florida…</p>
<p><strong>Calvert<br /></strong>I came in 1963.</p>
<p><strong>Phyllis<br /></strong>My son is fourth generation Floridian. I was born in Florida. My dad came down here to help build houses back up after the 1928 hurricane, so he met my mother and they got married and had me, and then I was only here six months, but I lived up North about 35-40 years.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>Where was your home up North?</p>
<p><strong>Phyllis<br /></strong>In Southern Illinois.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>And that’s where you came from too?</p>
<p><strong>Calvert<br /></strong>No, I came from Northern Illinois—outside Chicago.</p>
<p><strong>Phyllis<br /></strong>And we met at the University of Illinois.</p>
<p><strong>Calvert<br /></strong>I came home from [the] Korea[n War] and went back to school working on a Doctor’s degree, and went to a church service—a social event—and met her there, and that’s how…</p>
<p><strong>Phyllis<br /></strong>Immediately, we knew we were for each other [<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Calvert<br /></strong>That was a long time ago. We were married 55 years ago.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>So how did you know right away that he was the one?</p>
<p><strong>Phyllis<br /></strong>Well, he looked good and he had a graduate degree, and I decided—and he was a Christian. I thought he was, and he was, because we met in a Presbyterian church there on campus, and I just thought, “That’s the right one.” I don’t know what he thought, but anyway, we got married.</p>
<p><strong>Calvert<br /></strong>The program that evening was on Korea, and of course, I knew much about that.</p>
<p><strong>Phyllis<br /></strong>So he was sitting there by me telling me all of this stuff about Korea and I thought, “Oh, this man sounds so fascinating.” [<em>laughs</em>] So we married and lived up there about seven or eight years, and then he came down and we said, “Let’s go visit grandmother.” And he had never been to Florida and he said, “Oh, this weather is so nice down here. I wish we could start a branch office down here.” and that’s what he told the firm up North and they said, “Yes, go down and start it.” So he did.</p>
<p><strong>Calvert<br /></strong>I was general manager up there.</p>
<p><strong>Phyllis<br /></strong>Here, he was in business with William Leffler for a short period of time, and then William decided that he didn’t want to be in engineering. Very bright, bright man, but he decided he wanted to go back and farm or have his properties out near Osteen or something like that, but the amazing story is that we came here right about when integration was starting in the schools in the early Sixties and William…</p>
<p><strong>Calvert<br /></strong>I got somewhat discouraged by the situations and decided that even though I had a good client base, that I wanted to go back up North, and I went back to see if I could get my old job back and the company said “Yes.” But in the meantime, the city manager and Lee Moore called up there and said, “We don’t want you to leave.” And they said, “If you come back, we’ll let you design a marina for us.”</p>
<p><strong>Phyllis<br /></strong>So he designed the marina and it was built in ’67, and the amazing part about that was that, at that time, you could dredge part of the stuff up from the lake and make the 13 acres of ground that the hotels and stuff are sitting on. Today, you could not do that. They would not let you dredge up and put more land…</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>So you deepened the lake by taking the…</p>
<p><strong>Calvert<br /></strong>Dredged it up and built an isle, and then the roadway and all to it and I designed the dry storage building out there and the docks—the whole thing. That was a long time ago.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>Well, we’ve had a lot of stories about what happened in integration and what the situation was with the blacks—what happened?</p>
<p><strong>Calvert<br /></strong>Well, I was with William Leffler, and we were going to Eustis and he had—well anyway, we got shot at by a bunch of black folks. He had a citizens’ white council…</p>
<p><strong>Phyllis<br /></strong>He belonged to the White Citizens’ Council, which is the KKK [Ku Klux Klan].</p>
<p><strong>Calvert<br /></strong>No, no. They are two different organizations. He belonged to both, and a car pulled alongside of us and somebody pulled out a gun and shot at us, and we chased them—of all things. I didn’t have any interest in that. I was in Jim Spencer’s—the bar—when the first blacks came in there, and that was something.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>How did that happen?</p>
<p><strong>Calvert<br /></strong>Many of the regular customers got up and left, and they were ignored for a considerable period of time, and they just sat there and waited, and finally the owner did go and asked them what they wanted. It was a very awkward situation, but they did get served. Most of the customers left.</p>
<p><strong>Phyllis<br /></strong>At that time they were trying to integrate the schools here and William Leffler had a…</p>
<p><strong>Calvert<br /></strong>Honey, let’s not get into that.</p>
<p><strong>Phyllis<br /></strong>Well, anyway—it was in <em>Time</em> magazine.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>It’s history.</p>
<p><strong>Calvert<br /></strong>Well, first I had an experience. Our son was a gifted student up North and we got down here—that was one of the disappointments. The schools here weren’t anywhere near as good as the Northern ones and he was in a gifted class up there, and I noticed that the textbooks said, “For average and below students.” That bothered me badly, because he wasn’t average or below. So I went in to see the superintendent of the schools and said, “How do you expect to raise that level if you keep teaching for average and below?” And it was Ray Milwee, and he said, “Well, that’s what our students are—average and below.” I said, “Don’t you want to change that?” He said, “You can’t change that.” So I had absolutely no luck, but later William went in and his daughter had a black teacher—the first black teacher in the schools—and he didn’t like that at all. Wouldn’t accept it, so he went in and confronted Milwee with the same situation, and Milwee wouldn’t change it so William hit him. Beat him up and it made <em>Time</em> magazine. It was quite a—and he pleaded—the funny thing is I got a jury summons to be a juror in his trial. I went over to the courthouse and I knew the prosecuting attorney well, and he said, “Cal, what are you here for?” I said, “I came to be a juror in William’s trial.” and he said, “Like hell you did.” He went in and got the judge to dismiss me, and that’s, of course, what I wanted, but it was funny.</p>
<p><strong>Phyllis <br /></strong>And at the same time, the neighbors we had up North where we lived—it was a mixed neighborhood. There was a Chinese family, a black family—and I will say, they were culturally put together. Well, we did have a man next door that drove a bread truck, but mostly—being a university town, they were mostly intellectuals. When I went to school, in Southern Illinois, I went to school with—with black children all the time and thought nothing of it.</p>
<p><strong>Calvert<br /></strong>And when we came down here, the only people that really were see[sic] was controlled by the old landowner families, and socially, we were not accepted. We were Yankees and not accepted, and our first friends here in town were Jewish people and some of the blacks. They’re still friends of ours today.</p>
<p><strong>Phyllis<br /></strong>In 1985, when Mayor Bettye Smith started the Martin Luther King[, Jr.] choir<a title="">[2]</a>…</p>
<p><strong>Calvert<br /></strong>We both saw the Martin Luther King choir for 20-something years [inaudible], so we’re culturally adept.</p>
<p><strong>Phyllis<br /></strong>But they weren’t used to that, and I had a birthday party for my daughter, who was six at the time. So I told her, “You can invite six children from your class to come to the birthday party.” and one was a little Stallworth girl—like Mill Stallworth’s daughter—a black girl, and a lovely, lovely person, and when they went outside to play a while, and somebody—a passerby or neighbor, but I won’t say who. It certainly wasn’t Connie Williams, because she is very culturally non-prejudice[sic] at all, and it wasn’t Rosita Jacobson, because she lived across the street and she was Jewish, so she wouldn’t have said anything, but somebody else said, “I wanted to tell you that we don’t mix socially with the blacks here.” and I said, “But we do.”</p>
<p>So that set us back a couple of steps, but then one of our Jewish friends, the Tetenbaums, got us into a barbecue club, which was out in what is now in Hidden Lake, and they introduced us to some people out there, and we got in, not because we were trying to get in, but anything to have people be a little more friendly[sic] to us.</p>
<p><strong>Calvert<br /></strong>There’s quite a story about the marina in some respects, because the [Sanford] City Council didn’t have a tenant or anybody to rent or lease anything to when they started and decided to build that. That took a lot of guts.</p>
<p><strong>Phyllis<br /></strong>On whose part?</p>
<p><strong>Calvert<br /></strong>I’m the [Sanford] City Commissioner. The newspapers was urging them to—the Gilos, who were the publishers at that time—were urging them to and they had no tenant—nobody to lease or rent anything to, and here they were going to build an island, and during construction, they got a marina operator to do it, basically, with ash and oil.</p>
<p><strong>Phyllis<br /></strong>But he designed the marina with floating docks so the water [inaudible].</p>
<p><strong>Calvert<br /></strong>So I give the [Sanford] City Commission a lot of credit to have the nerve to do that and to proceed with the project, and it’s been a huge success, and I never did a job where we got as much construction for—it was the whole thing, including some of the buildings—only cost a million dollars—building it all up from nothing.</p>
<p><strong>Phyllis<br /></strong>He designed that dry storage building—that big building that has the stripes on the side. At that time, some hotel came in and it’s changed hands a lot.</p>
<p><strong>Calvert<br /></strong>It’s a motel now.</p>
<p><strong>Phyllis<br /></strong>We lived on the lakefront at that time. We just rented a house, because we weren’t too sure if we were going to be able to stay or not. That’s when we first came, and after the marina thing, he got some jobs for being city engineer for places like Eustis.</p>
<p><strong>Calvert<br /></strong>Well, I had those before I went up North—a whole bunch of the cities and counties around here.</p>
<p><strong>Phyllis<br /></strong>[inaudible] and gave us a base to stay, and I would’ve thought too that it would’ve been very courageous for that lady black teacher—whoever she was—to walk into that Sanford Middle School or Seminole High [School]…</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>Was she in it when it was Seminole High—as the first black teacher? Or was it…</p>
<p><strong>Phyllis<br /></strong>I don’t know. William’s daughter was not a little, tiny girl, because knowing William...</p>
<p><strong>Calvert<br /></strong>Other things that I thought were noteworthy is, for instance, the Central Florida Zoo [and Botanical Gardens].</p>
<p><strong>Phyllis<br /></strong>When we came, it was downtown.</p>
<p><strong>Calvert<br /></strong>One block right behind the [Sanford] City Hall. You could make quite a story about the moving of that and the...</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>I’ve never heard that story—how it happened.</p>
<p><strong>Calvert<br /></strong>Well, they had a zoo behind the City Hall, right down the lakefront there.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>I saw an aerial picture of it and thought it was much larger than it was. It’s very small.</p>
<p><strong>Calvert<br /></strong>And the woman’s name was Hood—that was the curator there. He worked for the city and she did, and her whole job was to tend to the zoo, and they had one lion and you could hear him roar. You could hear him and then they decided—well, a bunch of businesspeople facilitated the Central Florida Zoological Society[, Inc.], and a number of us contributed money, so that we could relocate it. I put up several thousand dollars to the Sanford Atlantic Bank and so did others, and that served as seed money to borrow against to relocate and build the Central Florida Zoo. I had connections with contractors so I went to C. A. Meyer and Amick Construction[, Inc.] and leveraged them into building the roads in and doing all the earthwork for the original zoo. That was quite a contribution. It was all donation and the two of them—C. A. Meyer and Amick Construction—donated all the work to build the road and do the earth or the original zoo, and I was one of the founding directors of the Central Florida Zoo.</p>
<p><strong>Phyllis<br /></strong>Both he and I had served on the zoo board at one time or another.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>Did you all have anything to do with the actual moving of the animals?</p>
<p><strong>Calvert<br /></strong>No, my thing was contributing the money and doing the construction of the roads and all of the earthwork out there. There were many other people around town. Doug[las] Stenstrom did. Glenn McCall, the druggist, did. Dr. Hickman, the dentist from Maitland, was involved. I don’t really remember all the other people. That was the way that the zoo got started.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>What was the reasoning for moving the zoo? Did somebody donate the land?</p>
<p><strong>Calvert<br /></strong>I think it was bought. It was bought. Right along there was Leffler land and a bunch of it was Kirchhoff. Now, have you ever talked to Bill Kirchhoff?</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>No, I haven’t.</p>
<p><strong>Calvert<br /></strong>Beside the stories of the marina and the zoo, the other one that I know a lot about is the historic trend or the beginning of the historic movement in Sanford.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>The historic trust?</p>
<p><strong>Calvert<br /><br /></strong>No, ot the trust. The whole idea of historic preservation becoming a forefront program in Sanford, and Sarah Jacobson was the one that started that whole thing, and she got me again, Doug Stenstrom, Don Knight, Glenn McCall—a bunch of downtown businesspeople—and we applied and got money to do historical surveys, and the state sent a[sic] historical architect and a plain historian and they worked out of my office. They’d go looking at all the insurance records, titles, and deeds, and all the interesting things they could find out about the buildings. That went on for a couple of years, because they’d come back and they’d found out the railroad magnate [Henry Morrison] Flagler had owned this and that—it was an old train station, and that’s the Piper Building, and they’d find all this interesting stuff about all of the other old buildings.</p>
<p>The first thing we did was we got the whole downtown district on the Federal Register of Historic Places.<a title="">[3]</a> It was first a downtown district—one of the few in the state for a whole downtown district, and we had to do all of these surveys and then we moved to the area behind it—the [Sanford] Historic Trust. We got that designated as a residential historic district. Now the people in the historic trust didn’t have anything to do with that. They formed the historic trust after all this was done, and I, in my many travels, kept thinking about park benches, and I picked out a bench from various places that I’d gone, and bought one for 900-and-something dollars, and had it brought here, and the city liked it, and it’s one of those—it’s downtown. They use that on the waterfront and everywhere. Then we got grants and formed a Downtown Historic Development [inaudible], and we got grants—the owners would apply, and we would sponsor them, and they got grants to fix up the facades of many of the buildings, and you’ll also see then when we have a historic board later. I was chairman of the [Sanford] Historic Preservation Board that the city conceived, and we got plaques that were put on all of the buildings that you see downtown. Then the historic trust came into being. They came later and formed their historic trust for remodeling the buildings and all of the homes. Then we had a few—Bettye Smith and I did a local one for the St. James AME [African Methodist Episcopal] black Church. They’ve got a local historic designation. That whole thing started with Sarah[?] Jacobson and a bunch of us, and that’s been very successful. Now the historic trust people kind of take the credit for the whole thing, but they didn’t start it. They did a good job.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>Well, I think they have done a good job, but the city—I don’t know if you noticed, but the City of Sanford and the Sanford Historic Trust did the first Cultural Preservation Award and gave that to the City of Sanford for what we’re doing today.</p>
<p><strong>Phyllis<br /></strong>I started in 1973. My mother and two other little ladies and I started the Meals on Wheels program. I have a newspaper clipping showing a picture of us...</p>
<p><strong>Calvert<br /></strong>We’ve done that longer than anybody in Seminole County—the two of us.</p>
<p><strong>Phyllis<br /></strong>I’ve done it ever since then—36-37 years, and I think, because of that, I got the Jefferson Award [for Public Service] for this area, but there were others in other areas and Orlando and everything that got it too, and so, when it went statewide, of course, it wasn’t only that that got me the award.</p>
<p>Cal and I had done so many things around town—you know, volunteer things— ‘cause that’s really what we live for—is volunteering. He’s done about a 150 pro-bono engineering jobs for little churches, or the crisis center, or the Salvation Army sign out front and things like that. At one time, they gave him the Topper Award and, at the same time, they gave me the Dr. Luis Perez Humanitarian Award the same night, and I didn’t expect that. I knew he was to get the Topper Award, and so I didn’t say anything to him about it and then when we got there, I knew. I had some relatives coming, because I knew he was going to get that award. Then they started out with the humanitarian award first, and they got up and started talking about this woman—who was me, you know, and I thought, “That sounds like me.” And they were giving me this award and I said, “You’ve got this wrong. I’m not supposed to get this award.” and I didn’t want to say it and take all the—my husband, and they said, “Oh, but you are. This is the humanitarian award.” And I felt so disheartened, because I thought, “Gee whiz. I thought they were going to give him the Topper Award and here they’re just giving me an award,” and it turned out later in the evening that he got the Topper Award.</p>
<p>When we started this Meals on Wheels program—I don’t remember which church, but I think it might’ve been the First Presbyterian [Church of Sanford] downtown, which we were members of—and they decided they wanted to start a Meals on Wheels program and there were only four of us ladies. You could only take about eight people yourself, so there must’ve been 35 people, and we got the meals from the hospital, and they had them in these big, green plastic containers, and so we’d have to collect those from the clients—we call them “clients.” It was all-volunteer stuff. The next day and take those back—sometimes during, sometimes not, and then get the other meals. And, as the years went on, the mothers of these other ladies were 20 years older than I, so they’re all dead now, but I have a newspaper clipping of when I started, but 10 years after I started it, he started it, ‘cause he was retiring, but he’s done it 10 years less than I have.</p>
<p><strong>Calvert </strong>I still do pro-bono engineering. I’ve done over 200 projects. There’s an awful lot. I’m still doing them.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>We‘ve known that you’d been doing those pro-bono when we had to have the engineers—pay an engineer to put up the risers for the theater.</p>
<p><strong>Calvert<br /></strong>Well, I did the first one for what they now call the Wayne-Densch Theater.<a title="">[4]</a> I did the first structural study there that they used as a credit to the Federal Government to get their grants. Then I did structural inspections both on main theater and the building next door they later got.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>Well, how did you get into this wonderful, giving spirit?</p>
<p><strong>Calvert<br /></strong>We both believe we were put here to help other people.</p>
<p><strong>Phyllis<br /></strong>Our mission is just to help other people. We get the fun out of it, because it’s the one-on-one thing that’s important.</p>
<p><strong>Calvert<br /></strong>It keeps us occupied. It’s something worthwhile to do.</p>
<p><strong>Phyllis<br /><br /></strong>We’ve been on lots of boards, but I say, “What you get on boards is a lot of splinters.” We’ve been in the Martin Luther King choir for 25 years. Bettye Smith started that. She was the one that got the Sanford Woman’s Club<a title="">[5]</a> integrated, and that didn’t go so well with many of the ladies that dropped out, when she brought in these lovely, fine four ladies. Because they were saying, “Well, you bring in one like that and who knows who they’ll bring in.” It’s the fear thing, and then Rosita Jacobson was in the club at the time, and they had a time getting Rosita in, because she was Jewish. They asked me to join for many years and I knew they were so segregated. I just didn’t want any part of that, but I used to say, “That’s the Sanford White Women’s Club.” but that changed over the years and these lovely black ladies are in and the Jewish ladies.</p>
<p><strong>Calvert<br /></strong>I have another story to tell and it’s about the rescue mission.</p>
<p><strong>Phyllis<br /></strong>The Rescue Outreach Mission [of Central Florida] on Thirteenth Street.</p>
<p><strong>Calvert<br /></strong>They had kind of a ramshackle operation out there. Mother [Blanche Bell] Weaver was running it with the help of pop and it was really a rag-tag thing. She started out by being a cook and ran the restaurant on Thirteenth Street.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>And everybody went there.</p>
<p><strong>Calvert<br /></strong>That’s right, and one day she walked into our office downtown and said, “I understand there’s a man here that likes to help people.” [<em>laughs</em>] And I ended up helping her. I donated land. I bought some lots and donated the engineering, and we built the women’s and children shelter, and I was, for 21 years, on the Board of Directors of the rescue mission. Mother Weaver founded that, and her church over there also founded it. That’s quite a story too, because she started out by having children just come—she kind of adopted them and they moved into her house with her. She was preaching at this church, and then she got the idea of founding a homeless shelter and started it, and then she called on me and then together saw about building the women’s and children’s shelter. Much of the money came from one man, and he should be talked to if he will talk to you, but he’s very, very generous.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>And who is that?</p>
<p><strong>Calvert<br /></strong>Mike Good. Briar Construction.<a title="">[6]</a> Every organization that I go to and am part of, such as the Children’s Home Society [of Florida]—I’ve been on that board, and I look to see who the big givers are. Mike Good is at the top of the list.</p>
<p><strong>Phyllis<br /></strong>Soon after we first came here, Thelma Mike was, until just recently, administrator at the Good Samaritan Home [of Sanford]. That’s just an assisted living center for people and they—somehow, the Good Samaritan Home hadn’t noticed they hadn’t paid their taxes for some time...</p>
<p><strong>Calvert<br /></strong>They hadn’t paid their withholding and their unemployment and that stuff. They were in big trouble and the whole city got together and bailed her out.</p>
<p><strong>Phyllis<br /></strong>They owed the government about $100,000. The whole city—respecting her so much—came forth and got people here and there to raise money, and they let her off.</p>
<p><strong>Calvert<br /></strong>They raised considerable money.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>My first employee stole a lawnmower from the Good Samaritan Home. He started working for me after he got out of jail. He had to pay restitution to the Good Samaritan Home, and I told Thelma that story and she laughed and laughed. She said, “If he needed a lawnmower, I would have given him that lawnmower.”</p>
<p><strong>Phyllis<br /></strong>We both started out in a choir when we first came here, because both of us had sung for years and years, and we have been singing in the First [Presbyterian] Church [of Sanford] downtown, and then about 1991 it had a split over a pastor and it...</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>They moved over to Markham Woods Road.</p>
<p><strong>Phyllis<br /></strong>No, that one’s a great one. That’s where most of these people downtown went. We went to another church for a year.</p>
<p><strong>Calvert<br /></strong>We didn’t originally. We went to Oakland, followed our choir director.</p>
<p><strong>Phyllis<br /></strong>We didn’t want to make an exodus—Markham Woods, because Markham Woods was started by Dr. [inaudible] and in 1985, they were—when did you join?</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>That would’ve been years ago. We lived just a block down from the church.</p>
<p><strong>Phyllis<br /></strong>We came there in 1991, and been in that choir for all those years too. We’re about at the place where we don’t do solos anymore.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>Well, what about your children growing up here, and do you have any family stories of the kids?</p>
<p><strong>Phyllis<br /></strong>Well, our kids stayed out of trouble, so I guess we don’t have any stories. Our daughter is almost 48 now. She’s in California and she’s a veterinarian. We’re in the process of getting a home for her. She has MS [multiple sclerosis] and she’s partially disabled, but you wouldn’t know it by looking at her. She swims a lot, but she can’t work full-time now. She’s moving back here after 20 years to live with us. She’s single. We have a son in Orlando who works for the city at [Orlando] City Hall.</p>
<p><strong>Calvert<br /></strong>It’s a funny thing about him. He played guitar for years and he had a rock band in high school and before, and he and Ricky Bowing—they used to—that room up there that’s now our music room was open—it was a breezeway, and they used to practice there and I remember getting out of the car way over at her mother’s house and I said, “Oh, there’s somebody playing ‘Proud Mary,’ just like Charles and his band did.” And all of a sudden I realized it was them. I decided right then that we had to enclose that breezeway and make a room out of it [<em>laughs</em>], and we’ve had all kinds of animals in our backyard. We’ve had horses there.</p>
<p><strong>Phyllis<br /></strong>Well, the horse would only stay overnight one night, but she had [inaudible] brought it in—brought it right down 46. At that time there wasn’t that much traffic, and then she got ready to take it back out and it was starting to storm and I said, “You better not go now.” so she left the horse in the backyard.</p>
<p><strong>Calvert<br /></strong>There was a pig back there for a while, when Robert [Conklin] had his heart surgery. She sent him a piglet from Tennessee and the pig grew up in the backyard and got huge in three months, and we had a judge there and the head of the code enforcement next door, and we had a pig in the backyard, but only for three months. Voley was sitting there on the couch talking to us one day and we were talking about Robert having to have a new valve. He needed to have heart surgery for a valve, and we were talking about the possibility of them using a pig valve, and right at the minute we said “pig,” the pig went, “Oi” right behind—and he turned around and looked, but he didn’t get it. He didn’t understand.</p>
<p><strong>Phyllis<br /></strong>A pig valve only lasts about eight or nine years, because that’s all...</p>
<p><strong>Calvert<br /></strong>They use them on older people. Now they use cowbells[?].</p>
<p><strong>Phyllis<br /></strong>He had a metal valve at the age of 17. Now he’s the one that lives here in town and he works for NAPA Auto Parts, and he’s a manager of parts at OIA [Orlando International Airport], the big airport down there, for the ground vehicles, not the airplanes. He’s certified as an ASE [Automatic Service Excellence] mechanic, which he did for a few years, but the heart thing was too much for him.</p>
<p><strong>Calvert<br /></strong>We always said, “We have one that can fix your car and one that can fix your cat.” [<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Phyllis<br /></strong>So that’s the three kids, and the one in Orlando is project manager in the engineering department for the City of Orlando, and then the veterinarian daughter is going to move back here.</p>
<p><strong>Calvert<br /></strong>The story there is he wanted to be a sound engineer and he had gone to Stetson [University]. Then he kind of went to music, and he went to Denver[, Colorado] to take recording engineering. Then he decided to go to—he got accepted to go to Berkeley College for Music<a title="">[7]</a> in Boston[, Massachusetts], and he went up there and he called me on the phone and said, “Dad, you won’t believe this, but they said I have to start over as a freshman. They won’t give me credits for the other stuff.” And I said, “Charles, go back inside and ask a different person the same question.” And he did and we just held the line open and he came back after a little while and he said, “Yes, they said I have to start over as a freshman. I want to come home.” and I said, “Okay. Come on. Under that circumstance.” Anyway, then he came back and he served as a soundman for a local band that played all over the United States that went by the name of Root Boy Slim. They were really quite good.</p>
<p><strong>Phyllis<br /></strong>And [Root Boy Slim and] the Sex Change Band.</p>
<p><strong>Calvert<br /></strong>Yeah. Well, they called it that. He traveled to New York City, [New York] and Baltimore and all those places as their soundman, and he got hit on the head with a beer bottle and it was a tough, tough life, because those people live on the thin edge of everything. After that, he called up and said, “Dad, I decided I want to go back to school and be an engineer like you.” [<em>laughs</em>] So he moved back.</p>
<p><strong>Phyllis<br /></strong>And of course, they accepted all his LAS [Legal Assistant Studies] stuff at University of Florida. So he got a Master’s Degree and got really good grades. His sister got her veterinary medicine thing from there in 1991 too, but she wanted to go to California, because they were paying a little bit more at that time, but she didn’t realize how much more expensive everything was. Having been there, the climate is good for her, because it’s not as humid as here. After 20 years, and now that she’s partially disabled, she feels she ought to be a little nearer her aging parents, since we’re over 80 and we just think it’s time to—she said one time, “Well, I think within the next five years, I want to move back to Florida for sure.” I said, “Ruth Ann [Conklin], if you want us to help you move, in five years, we’re going to be about 87 years old.” She said, “I’d better move now, hadn’t I?” I said, “Yes, I think so.” You want to tell her the story about you, Gino [Pelucci], and the fundraising?</p>
<p><strong>Calvert<br /></strong>Well, I—he doesn’t even remember who I am, and I worked with him and for him for years. Even before Heathrow—way back—I did a bunch of factories for them up in other states and my cousin, Bob B.B., was the general manager for Chung[?] King, when he decided that he shouldn’t be running it anymore, and he hired my cousin, who was a board member of Campbell Soups,<a title="">[8]</a> and he was high help in things. He ran Chung[?] King, because Gino was very volatile. He would run around handing out 100 dollar bills or swearing loudly at people and stuff, and he wasn’t what you would call a “consistent” manager. My cousin used to tell me that Gino had hundreds of ideas that would come into his mind all the time, and he would write my cousin notes about, “This is an idea.” and at the end of the day he’d send another note: “Forget all those ideas.”</p>
<p><strong>Phyllis<br /></strong>When Gino was featured at one of these Boy Scout[s of America] dinners, and he was a speaker—and this was maybe three years ago or something—Cal said he needed to go over and say hello to Gino. He went over to say something to Gino and Gino acted like he didn’t even know who he was, and then he said...</p>
<p><strong>Calvert<br /></strong>And Brenda [inaudible] was sitting there and she said, “Gino, this is Cal Conklin. He was your engineer for Heathrow. He did all the engineering in Heathrow for you.” And Gino looked up at me and still no recognition. I said, “How about—you remember Bob B.B.?” And he just lit up, because he remembered that. I don’t think he remembered me, but he remembered the guy who had run Chung[?] King for him.</p>
<p>Two stories about him that I think are kind of funny: I would attend many of his board meetings at his request. Most of them there was an accountant and a lawyer and so forth, and there were all kind of “yes-men” with him. We were having a meeting, and a young man came to make a presentation, and it wasn’t long, and I knew he wouldn’t be interested, but he said, “Young man, does foul language offend you?” And the young man said, “No.” He said, “Why you dumb son of a bitch.” He just lit into him and cussed him out up and down and back and forth. Every foul word you could think of.</p>
<p>When the Presbyterian Church downtown was having a building program—when they put the Fellowship Hall and they redid the sanctuary—I was the special gifts chairman. General Hutchinson was the overall chairman, and one of the people I had to call on, besides Warren Patrick and a bunch of other, was Gino Pelucci, and the only reason we did was his daughter would come to Sunday school once in a while, and the preacher was with me,<a title="">[9]</a> and I walked in and Gino said, “Hey. I’m glad to see you.” We shook hands and he said, “You’ve got a rendering of what you’re going to do. That’s good.” And he got down on his hands and knees and began pointing to the rendering and telling me all of the things I should say to anyone I was presenting to. He was going to teach me how to make a presentation. “You should point out all the good features that you’re going to be in this program.” And then I got down on my hands and knees right there alongside him, and the preacher’s standing there and they’re just incredulous. You can just imagine the scene. When we got ready to finish up he said, “And now the most important thing, Cal. You must remember that when you call on people—you’ve got to ask for enough. Remember.” And he didn’t seem to realize that I was going to do it to him. I stood up and tried to recall all of the things he had said, and I went through it as well as I could, and I asked him for $40,000, and his jaw dropped about a foot, and he said, “Cal, you asked for enough.” When we bought this house, his pilot was also trying to buy it. Gino didn’t really want him this close. He used to stop and talk to me all the time.</p>
<p><strong>Phyllis<br /></strong>Within the last year, when they go by—they aren’t usually driving—they have a driver or something. They often wave while[?] we’re out in the yard.</p>
<p><strong>Calvert<br /></strong>He used to stop and talk, but now he’s lost his recollection of what my part and background was.</p>
<p><strong>Phyllis<br /></strong>He had Hubert Humphrey come to his home, when Hubert was running for vice president.</p>
<p><strong>Calvert<br /></strong>Even when he was vice president, he was down here.</p>
<p><strong>Phyllis<br /></strong>They’d come from the airport and go by here, and our son had one of those etch-a-sketch things, where you put the little dots—and he hung it in the window.</p>
<p><strong>Calvert<br /></strong>Little Gina [Pelucci] came here to play with Ruth Ann.</p>
<p><strong>Phyllis<br /></strong>Gina Pelucci came over here to play with Ruth Ann, and brought her pet mouse—a little black and white thing. Of course, our daughter loved animals, and we did too, and it didn’t frighten me or anything, but when she got ready to go home, she couldn’t find the mouse, and we never did find that mouse. I’m sure it’s hiding around here somewhere. [<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Calvert<br /></strong>Well, one thing that is funny is that everywhere I go people tell me I look like Jimmy Carter. Well there’s a picture of Jimmy Carter right up there, and when we went to Panama, we were going through customs, and as I approached the customs thing. The guy hollered out, “¡Jimmy Carter ahí!” All these people came running around, and I thought, “I’m just going to go along with it.” A woman wanted to have her picture taken with me, so I put my around her, smiled, and took a picture with her.</p>
<p><strong>Phyllis<br /></strong>‘Cause he didn’t know any Spanish, he couldn’t say, “No, I’m not Jimmy Carter.” It would sound like—it happened at the resort...</p>
<p><strong>Calvert<br /></strong>It happened six times on one trip. I got invited into the bar for a drink and all sorts. He’s a big hero, ‘cause he’s the one who turned the [Panama] Canal over to them.</p>
<p><strong>Phyllis<br /></strong>He thought if he said no when they wanted their picture taken, and he didn’t speak English, it would sound like, “I’m Mr. Big and you’re paparazzi. Get away from me.” So he’d just smile and let them take his picture.</p>
<p><strong>Calvert<br /></strong>One lady—I never did understand that. Well, I’d go shopping in Wal-Mart, and very often somebody will tap me on the shoulder and say, “Here, I’m going to go home and tell my folks that I went shopping with Jimmy Carter.” The City of Sanford does a great deal. The county does not. The county feels they have to go to Orlando to get the big engineering firms, and it’s very strange, and of course there’s competition between cities and the counties, and there always has been. We started out doing both, but in your local area, you usually end up doing one or the other and we’ve ended up doing all the cities essentially.</p>
<p><strong>Phyllis<br /></strong>We bought it out. Us[sic] and the porters and the homes bought it out and...</p>
<p><strong>Calvert<br /></strong>We bought it from CRS and a national firm. Clark Deets[sp] was sold to Richardson and then to CRS—Rawlins and then CRS.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>So there were several owners before you?</p>
<p><strong>Calvert<br /></strong>Clark Deets was the original one I went to work for in Urbana, and my professors were the ones that started it. They resigned from the college and hired their better students, and there were three of them. A structural man, a civil man, and an environmental or sanitary man, and I was actually one of the very first ones they hired, and we made a big business out of that and got into the 200 range in the country, and then I came down here and saw it and thought it’d be good to make a branch, and then the company got sold and ended up with CRS [inaudible]. They did the big arenas. The big one in Gainesville, and they were mainly doing things in the Middle East in the [United] Arab Emirates. All of that fancy stuff there, and they had no idea what our business was here. I mean, it was all local. They just didn’t understand. It wasn’t the kind of business that they did, and when we decided to go into business for ourselves, I said, “We may be able to get this for a song.” And the other two just wanted to leave and I said, “No. Let me have a try at it.” So I went down there, and we paid $35,000, and we got all of the new business, and they even paid us 5 percent of the collections for three years, and so they ended up—we were roughly 10 percent of their organization and they ended up paying us to take it away from them.</p>
<p><strong>Phyllis<br /></strong>And this was 1981, when it first became Conklin Corps.</p>
<p><strong>Calvert<br /></strong>And the other two worked for me.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>And I opened up the Rib Ranch in 1981 and I retired in 2008. My husband was ill and he died last year. I was lucky to be with him at that time.</p>
<div><br /><div>
<p><a title="">[1]</a> George Calvert.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="">[2]</a> Correction: Martin Luther King, Jr. Celebration Chorus.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="">[3]</a> Correction: National Register of Historic Places.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="">[4]</a> Correction: Wayne-Densch Performing Arts Center.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="">[5]</a> Correction: Woman’s Club of Sanford.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="">[6]</a> Correction: The Briar Team.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="">[7]</a> Correction: Berkeley College of Music.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="">[8]</a> Correction: Campbell Soup Company.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="">[9]</a> Virgil Bryan.</p>
</div>
</div>
13th Street
African Americans
Amick Construction, Inc.
architecture
Berklely College of Music
Bill Kirchoff
Blanche Bell Weaver
Busch
C. A. Meyer
Cal Conklin
Calvert
Calvert Conklin
Calvert whiskey
Cecil Osier
Celery Soup: Florida's Folk Life Play
Central Florida Zoo and Botanical Gardens
Central Florida Zoological Society, Inc.
Charles Calvert
Children'ss Home Society of Florida
Chung King
Clark Deats
Conklin Corps
Conklin, Porter & Holmes Engineers, Inc.
Connie Williams
Creative Sanford, Inc.
CRS
Cultural Preservation Award
desegregation
Douglas Stenstrom
Downtown Sanford
engineering
engineers
Eustis
First Presbyterian Church of Sanford
Flagler, Henry Morrison
George Calvert
Gilo
Gina Pelucci
Gino Pelucci
Glenn McCall
Good Samaritan Home of Sanford
Heathrow
Hickman
Hidden Lake
historic preservation
Hood
Hubert Horatio Humphrey, Jr.
Hubert Humphrey
humanitarians
Hutchinson
integration
Jefferson Awards for Public Service
Jimmy Carter
Jimmy Earl Carter, Jr.
Just Deet
Kenneth Murrell Leffler
KKK
Korean War
Ku Klux Klan
Lee More
Luis Perez Humanitarian Award
marinas
Markham Woods Road
Martin Luther King, Jr. Celebration Chorus
Mary Proud
Meals on Wheels
Mike Good
Mill Stallworth
NAPA Auto Parts
OIA
Orlando International Airport
Panama
Panama Canal
Phyllis Conklin
Piper Building
race relations
Rawlins
Ray Milwee
Rescue Outreach Mission of Central Florida
Rib Ranch
Richardson
Ricky Vowing
Robert Conklin
Root Boy Slim
Root Boy Slim and the Sex Change Band
Rosita Jacobson
Ruth Ann Conklin
Sanford
Sanford Atlantic Bank
Sanford City Commission
Sanford City Commissioner
Sanford City Council
Sanford City Hall
Sanford Historic Preservation Board
Sanford Historic Trust
Sanford Women'ss Club
Sarah Jacobson
segregation
Seminole High School
Smith, Bettye
Spencer, Jim
St James African Methodist Episcopal Church
St James AME Church
Stetson University
Summerlin Avenue
Tetenbaum
The Briar Team
Thelma Mike
Thirteenth Street
time
Topper Awards
Trish Thompson
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
UF
UI
University of Florida
University of Illinois
Virgil Bryan
Virginia
Voley
Warren Patrick
Wayne-Densch Performing Arts Center
whiskey
White Citizens' Council
William Leffler
zoos
-
https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/9a286a6f755d844f675354e955e5642a.pdf
61f2719e5cadc99a144778de63ba9150
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Creative Sanford, Inc. Collection
Alternative Title
Creative Sanford Collection
Subject
Seminole County (Fla.)
Folk plays
Sanford (Fla.)
Description
<span>Creative Sanford, Inc. is a non-profit organization created to manage <em>Celery Soup: Florida's Folk Life Play</em> community theater productions. The original idea for the Celery Soup project came from Jeanine Taylor, the owner of a folk-art gallery on First Street in Sanford, Florida. Their first production was </span><em>Touch and Go</em><span>, a play focusing on the people of Sanford and their determination to overcome various obstacles, including the Freeze of 1894-1895, the fall of Sanford's celery industry, and the closing of Naval Air Station (NAS) Sanford in the 1960s. In the process of producing the show, Creative Sanford decided to rehabilitate an historic building, the Princess Theater, which is located on 115 West First Street and owned by Stephen Tibstra. The Creative Sanford offices are housed in the Historic Sanford Welcome Center, located at 203 East First Street.</span>
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/16" target="_blank">Sanford Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/44" target="_blank">Seminole County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida.
Language
eng
Type
Collection
Coverage
Historic Sanford Welcome Center, Downtown Sanford, Florida
Princess Theater, Downtown Sanford, Florida
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
External Reference
"<a href="http://www.celerysoupsanford.com//about" target="_blank">WHO IS CREATIVE SANFORD, INC?</a>" Celery Soup. http://www.celerysoupsanford.com//about.
<span>"<a href="http://www.celerysoupsanford.com/about/" target="_blank">About: History and Purpose</a>." Celery Soup. http://www.celerysoupsanford.com/about/.</span>
"<a href="http://www.communityperformanceinternational.org/sanford-florida" target="_blank">Sanford, Florida: How do you make Celery Soup? Add stories, then stir</a>." Community Performance International. http://www.communityperformanceinternational.org/sanford-florida.
Contributor
<a href="http://www.celerysoupsanford.com/" target="_blank">Creative Sanford, Inc.</a>
Oral History
A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge.
Interviewer
Thompson, Trish
Román-Toro, Freddie
Interviewee
Black, Patricia Ann
Hardy, Billy
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Oral History of Patricia Ann Black and Billy Hardy
Alternative Title
Oral History, Black and Hardy
Subject
Sanford, (Fla.)
Education--Florida
Race relations--Florida
Army
Description
An oral history of both Patricia Ann Black (b. 1956) and Billy Hardy (b. 1956). Hardy was born on August 17, 1956, and Black was born 14 days later on August 31. Both grew up at the end of Tenth Street in Sanford, Florida. This oral history interview was conducted by Trish Thompson and Freddie Román-Toro.<br /><br />Hardy and Black attended Hopper Elementary School through sixth grade, Lakeview Middle School for seventh grade, Sanford Junior High School for eighth grade, Crooms High School for ninth grade, and Seminole High School through twelfth grade. They talk about what life was like in Sanford during segregation and what happened to make integration possible. Black talks about what her education in New York was like when compared to that in Sanford. Hardy discusses how football helped ameliorate tensions among blacks and whites. He also shares his experiences in the Army. Black and Hardy also discuss their childhood romance and how circumstances changed their relationship. Hardy also speaks about his time in technical school and his passion for cars. Other topics include the differences between attending school in New York and Florida, the Trayvon Martin case, and the sexual abuse of Black as a child.
Type
Text
Source
Black, Patricia and Billy Hardy. Interviewed by Trish Thompson and Freddie Román-Toro. March 2013. Audio record available. <a href="http://www.celerysoupsanford.com//about" target="_blank">Creative Sanford, Inc.</a>, Sanford, Florida.
Requires
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Is Part Of
<a href="http://www.celerysoupsanford.com//about" target="_blank">Creative Sanford, Inc.</a>, Sanford Florida.
<a href="http://www.celerysoupsanford.com//about" target="_blank">Creative Sanford, Inc. Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
Is Format Of
Digital 22-page transcript of original oral history: Black, Patricia and Billy Hardy. Interviewed by Trish Thompson and Freddie Román-Toro. March 2013. Audio record available. <a href="http://www.celerysoupsanford.com//about" target="_blank">Creative Sanford, Inc.</a>, Sanford, Florida.
Coverage
Hopper Academy, Sanford, Florida
Lakeview Middle School, Winter Garden, Florida
Sanford Junior High School, Sanford, Florida
Crooms High School, Sanford, Florida
Seminole High School, Sanford, Florida
Creator
Thompson, Trish
Román-Toro, Freddie
Black, Patricia Ann
Hardy, Billy
Date Created
2013-03
Format
application/pdf
Extent
198 KB
Medium
22-page digital transcript
Language
eng
Mediator
History Teacher
Provenance
Originally created by Trish Thompson, Freddie Román-Toro, Patricia Ann Black, and Billy Hardy.
Rights Holder
Copyright to this resource is held by <a href="http://www.celerysoupsanford.com//about" target="_blank">Creative Sanford, Inc.</a> and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only.
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Donation
Contributing Project
<a href="http://www.celerysoupsanford.com//about" target="_blank">Creative Sanford, Inc.</a>
<a href="http://www.celerysoupsanford.com/" target="_blank">Celery Soup</a>
Curator
Román-Toro, Freddie
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://www.celerysoupsanford.com//about" target="_blank">Creative Sanford, Inc.</a>
External Reference
Gilmore, Henry Francis. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/78907105" target="_blank"><em>A Study of Attitudes of Negro Teachers Toward the Supreme Court Decision and Other Issues of Desegregation in Education</em></a>. Thesis (Ed.D.)--Teachers College, Columbia University, 1957.
Humphrey, Hubert H. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/189150" target="_blank"><em>Integration vs. Segregation</em></a>. New York: Crowell, 1964.
Jenkins, Sallie S. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/52692084" target="_blank"><em>A Historical Investigation of School Desegregation in Seminole County School District</em></a>. Thesis (EdD.)--University of Central Florida, 2002, 2002.
Kharif, Wali Rashash. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/10501914" target="_blank"><em>The Refinement of Racial Segregation in Florida After the Civil War</em></a>. Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 1983, 1983.
Yancy, George, and Janine Jones. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/810119075" target="_blank"><em>Pursuing Trayvon Martin: Historical Contexts and Contemporary Manifestations of Racial Dynamics</em></a>. Lanham: Lexington Boos, 2013.
Transcript
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>How did y’all meet? [<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Hardy<br /></strong>We grew up at the end of Tenth Street. Our house was the last house on the street. And it just so happened that my birthday was August 17<sup>th</sup>, 1956 and yours was…</p>
<p><strong>Black<br /></strong>Mine was August 31<sup>st</sup>, 1956. And we’re like 14 days apart and our mothers carried us at the same time. And we’re at the dead end of East Tenth Street. so I’m at the corner and he’s at the end. It was just us two kids. There were others in the neighborhood, but…</p>
<p><strong>Hardy<br /></strong>Not as close as we were.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>So you went all through school together?</p>
<p><strong>Hardy<br /></strong>Pretty much.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>What school?</p>
<p><strong>Hardy<br /></strong>In elementary school, it was Hopper [Academy]—between Eleventh [Street] and Celery Avenue—and afterwards, it was Lakeview [Middle School] for seventh grade, I think.</p>
<p><strong>Black<br /></strong>Yeah. We were 12 at Lakeview and we went to Sanford Junior High [School] at 13.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>And where was Sanford Junior then?</p>
<p><strong>Black<br /></strong>That’s Sanford Middle School now. It’s the same one.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>Oh. It’s on [U.S. Route] 17-92.</p>
<p><strong>Black<br /></strong>Yes. The next year we went to Crooms [High School], which became our ninth grade. Then we went to Seminole [High School].</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>So you were there for the integration of—or you were one year after?</p>
<p><strong>Hardy<br /></strong>No. We were in the midst of it.</p>
<p><strong>Black<br /></strong>We were in fourth grade when that began to happen, so we kind of had a choice for our fifth grade. Our parents could decide if they wanted to send us to the other school, because they didn’t close Hopper or anything like that.</p>
<p><strong>Hardy<br /></strong>It just made an opportunity to go to other schools, if they wanted to, but we stayed. It was right around the corner [<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Black<br /></strong>We lived one block away. It was on the corner of Eleventh and Bay [Avenue] and we lived on Tenth and Bay so—my parents left the choice up to me, because all my life I’ve always gone to integrated schools. I began school in New York state and…</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>Oh, so you left?</p>
<p><strong>Black<br /></strong>I would leave every year. My father was a migrant crew leader, but they lived here. They stayed here. My parents’ work was as a migrant to carry people up north to pick apples—to harvest the fruit.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>And so you went to school up there every year? So you were just home in summertime?</p>
<p><strong>Black<br /></strong>And I spent all my summers in New York. I began school in New York and I would end it here every school year. From September to November, up to the week before Thanksgiving, I would go to school in New York. Then we’d come down here and I’d finish school. And it used to be June 6<sup>th</sup> that would be the last day of school, and then as we got older it would be June 11<sup>th</sup>. The next day, my mom and I would get on a Greyhound bus and go to Rochester[, New York] to visit with my sisters, and my father would come up around July 5<sup>th</sup>—out to the migrant camp that we lived on.</p>
<p><strong>Román-Toro<br /></strong>Could you elaborate on the differences between going to school up North and coming to school here?</p>
<p><strong>Black<br /></strong>Yes. I sure can. For me, it was more of a freedom. When I’m in New York, I could be myself. I could be all that I thought I could be. I went to school with whites. I started out with whites, so in school, there was no limit to what we were taught we could be—even the black students.</p>
<p>However, down here I had to go to an all-black school, which wasn’t a problem, as far as it being black. I knew I fit in there. However, at a very early age, I learned the difference. It was kind of sad for me, especially by sixth grade, I had a grip on what was going on. I didn’t like when I got to Florida, I had to feel “less than.”</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>When you were in Florida, did you feel like the teachers didn’t tell you you could be all that you could be? Did the teachers treat you different in the North and South?</p>
<p><strong>Black<br /></strong>No, but there is a difference and I saw the difference. The teachers here did all they could, but you still left school thinking that you could go no higher than a teacher. We weren’t taught about, “You could be a doctor one day.” This is what I remember.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>Billy, how about you?</p>
<p><strong>Hardy<br /></strong>Just like she was saying earlier. we were in that situation and, as far as going to school, that’s what we did. We knew we had to go. we knew we had to have an education, so we went. The thing about Sanford during that time was that we lived over here and they lived over there. In other words, the black part of town was over here, and the white part was over here, and our parents taught us, “You don’t go over there.”</p>
<p>There were many parts of time that—I’ll tell you what, as I came home from service, after 23 years of service, there were parts of town that I had never seen. When I came home, I was right down Melonville [Avenue] and I said, “I’m going over here,” and I did. I rode on through the neighborhoods and I was like…</p>
<p><strong>Román-Toro<br /></strong>How’d you feel about that? How’d you feel about having that opportunity to go wherever you wanted?</p>
<p><strong>Hardy<br /></strong>After being in the service, basically, I was going everywhere I wanted anyway, so when I came home it didn’t matter anymore. [<em>laughs</em>] The door was swung wide open. When I joined the Army, the door was open so wide, it wasn’t black or white anymore. It was green. We were fighting for one purpose and one cause and that was it. Sometimes prejudice situations came up, but it wasn’t a big thing. It was pretty much—it happened. It was controlled. It was dealt with, and that was the end of it. Growing up as a child, I had to stay where my parents told me to stay.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>Did it make you feel fearful—them telling you that you can’t go there?</p>
<p><strong>Hardy<br /></strong>It bothered me. It really bothered me, because Sundays—you know, Sunday afternoon—after a Sunday meal, everybody’s been to church. We would go out to the schoolhouse and play football. It was all the guys in the neighborhood and we would have a blast. Gosh, we would just play football all day.</p>
<p>What happened was, some of the guys from the other side of town—the white guys—came and saw us playing football at the schoolhouse—and this is kind of what got the ball running as far as the integration part. We played ball. They played ball. We played ball over here, but they played ball over there, so when they came over and a group of them decided, “Let’s go ask. Let’s go talk,” and we began to talk and things began to change. I think there was more to it than that, but that was one of the changes I saw.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>So you and your peers—black and white—you made the decision to integrate before your parents?</p>
<p><strong>Black<br /></strong>Our parents didn’t decide for us to integrate. It was the white man. It wasn’t our parents. I believe that all of our black parents would rather have kept us where we were. They feared. They wouldn’t have sent us out to white schools, but as time went on, white people had to make a change, so that’s where it came about. We didn’t care that it was integrated. We were fine just where we were. I chose not to go. They gave us a choice. It was a very easy decision for me. I had been looking at white people all my life, and honestly, I was afraid of the white people down here, because here there was always that segregation, but in New York—so I knew there was a difference.</p>
<p>The white people in the South – he probably could name some white kids that we went to school with. I can’t. There were no relationships with any of the white kids that we went to school with. It’s like…</p>
<p><strong>Román-Toro<br /></strong>So you were segregated, even when you weren’t segregated is what you’re saying? When segregation started informally, and then later formally, did you trust it? Did you trust that it was for sincere reasons? or did you suspect that there was an agenda behind it?</p>
<p><strong>Black<br /></strong>Well, I suspected that there was an agenda behind it—that they were being forced to make it happen. They didn’t want us. They didn’t think it was the right time to do this. There was a force behind it.</p>
<p>When I—in fifth grade, in New York state—well, I had heard it while in fourth grade down here—but in fifth grade in New York state, when it was time to move back down here in November, I remember that all the kids thought that I was so smart in school down here. The books that they were learning through, I had already studied and completed in New York.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>So you were getting second-hand books in Florida?</p>
<p><strong>Black<br /></strong>And in fifth grade, the books were coming from the North. Yes, because when I got here and went to school and for Thanksgiving, the guy next to me, Willie Jones—when he opened his geography book—in the front they have whose name is in it and then they have the school stamp up in the corner. And there it was: “NRW,” which was North Rose-Wolcott [High] School—that I went to. I was just floored, and I went home very upset with my father, because I had asked him, “How do these books get from New York to Florida?” He told me he didn’t know, but in fifth grade I had my own evidence. I saw the book and I just—it was just never a good feeling for me.</p>
<p>That’s where my—I am a big advocate for diversity and I have been ever since then—and with Martin Luther King[, Jr.] and John F. Kennedy—for me, in my life, even with what I was going through, I was going to be what Martin Luther King was talking about—black and white kids holding hands and walking to school together. I was going to show white people that that could be done, because I knew there was a difference between the whites in the South and the whites in the North and you’re all white, you know?</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>I want to go back just for a minute. When you said your parents wouldn’t let you go there, did your parents explain why they didn’t want you going in those neighborhoods?</p>
<p><strong>Hardy<br /></strong>Well, basically they didn’t want us going over there because it was trouble. Some of the experiences—I mean, I got dogs sicced on me. I got to the point where I just got fed up by a lot of stuff and it was—I walked to the store one day, and this guy sicced his dog on me. He had one big one and one little one, and they didn’t bite me, because I guess I was a pretty good size as a kid. I would jump at one, he’d run and the other one would try to get me and I’d jump at him, you know? I tell you what, the hatred that built up in me during that time—I was going to kill the dogs, but they died. I had something on the inside that really bothered me for a long time. and when we left Hopper and went to Lakeview it was like a big melting pot.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>What year would that have been?</p>
<p><strong>Black<br /></strong>We were 12. That would have been [19]68. We were 12 years old.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>Because the integration of Crooms didn’t happen ‘til 1970.</p>
<p><strong>Black<br /></strong>We were 14 at the time. Crooms was in ninth grade. Lakeview was built for the seventh grade—for all of us. Everybody was going to have to go to Lakeview.</p>
<p><strong>Hardy<br /></strong>We fought every day. every day. They shut the school down once, because we fought so much. I mean, it was lunch time, and here come the buses, and it was a mess. I could honestly say that the class of ’74, from Lakeview all the way up to high school, we fought.</p>
<p>Just to take it even a step further, I played football. My thing was football. I was big in sports, and it got to the point where I just decided, “What are we fighting for? I’m tired of fighting.” Did you see the movie <em>Remember the Titans</em>? We finally came together Homecoming. It took Homecoming in the 11<sup>th</sup> grade for us to come together—actually, in the 12<sup>th</sup> grade. It took Homecoming for us to come together. We were down 7-6, and we got in that huddle, and we looked at each other and decided, “That’s it. We’re going to do this.” That was the first time we joined hands and said, “That’s it. No more.” We were on defense, and I was on defense, because I played both ways. when the game started, I was on the field from then to the time the game was over. Gosh, their quarterback dropped back for a pass and we rushed him hard. And he dropped back and he threw it and one of the quarterbacks—I’ll never forget it, Jimmy Clemens, a white guy, intercepted it. We formed a wall and we wiped out everybody and Jimmy ran in for the touchdown and we won the game.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>But didn’t you all go to the state [championship] that year?</p>
<p><strong>Hardy<br /></strong>No. We didn’t. We didn’t go to state. I’ll tell you what—it took that to bring us together. We really had a time. We really did.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>It wasn’t every black or white person, but it was certain ones that they had been…</p>
<p><strong>Hardy<br /></strong>It was certain ones. I’ll give you a good example. I have a good friend named Pat Howard, okay? Pat were[sic] practicing one day, and I was on offense at the time. Pat intercepted the ball, and I hit him pretty hard. We were in the shower and I wasn’t expecting Pat to come up to me. He said, “You tried to kill me out there.” I said, “Coach is wearing us out out there. Nah. I didn’t try to kill you.” I said, “You all right?” He said, “Yeah.” We shook it off. The next day we got ready to line up and the coach blew the whistle. He said, “Hardy? You’re over there on defense next to Howard.” Now we’re on the same side. Now it’s getting good. “Don’t come this way,” I said. “I don’t care who you are—black or white. Don’t come this way.” Pat catches on real quick and he stood back to back with me and said, “Don’t come this way.” Now we’re having fun. Now it’s getting real interesting. We’re great friends right now. As a matter of fact, his mother has a barber shop across the street—a hair salon. Betty Ann?</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>Oh, yeah. I don’t know her, but everybody says what a wonderful person she is</p>
<p><strong>Hardy<br /></strong>That’s his mom, so when we get together we hug, fish, and talk. Needless to say, when the wall was torn down—while we were in the pot fighting—there were some friends made in the pot. The wall came down. Doing sports—the wall came down. We realized fighting wasn’t going to do us any good. “You’re here and I’m here. We’ve got to go to the same school. We’re from the same town. Hey, we might as well get along.”</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>Your thought process is that that brought about the change, because you said, “I’m not fighting.” Then you said that to them, and they said that they didn’t want to fight either. You were really a catalyst for the change in your school.</p>
<p><strong>Hardy<br /></strong>Somebody had to do something.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>Well, I’m glad to meet you, because that was a wonderful thing that you did.</p>
<p><strong>Hardy<br /></strong>All that fighting and carrying on—it gets to the point where you’re like, “Come on. We just did this yesterday.” There was a big change. When we graduated. Tears flew. “I might never see this guy anymore.” I knew these guys, so when reunion time comes around, that’s great. We go get a ride, Pat gets drunk, and I have to take him home[<em>laughs</em>]. All of a sudden he’s hugging you and wants to tell you how much he loves you. The true feelings come out then. When I see him in his momma’s shop, it’s like, “Hey! You didn’t call me!” They look at us like we’re going to tear the place apart.</p>
<p>It had to come to that. The wall inside of me fell. and it didn’t just fall, it crumbled. After I joined the service, it really crumbled, because now those I thought were my enemies were now my friends. Now we’re fighting for the same cause. I’m training them and they’re training me. I’ve been to the battlefield.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>Which one?</p>
<p><strong>Hardy<br /></strong>[Operation] Desert Storm. I rescued so many I can’t even count the number. I was a combat medic and I’d pull them out of holes and hills, and rescued them out of the battlefields. It has been a great life and it ain’t over yet. The best is yet to come.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>So when you got out of the service, what did you do?</p>
<p><strong>Hardy<br /></strong>I opened up an automotive repair shop in Columbus, Georgia. That’s where I live now. That’s where I’ve been ever since. I work on everybody’s car [<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>Now, when you were in school, did any of the girls fight?</p>
<p><strong>Black<br /></strong>Well, he saw more fights than I did. I think that since I went to school in New York, when I got here, I didn’t have to put up a wall, because I understood already, because I understood what was going on. However, as an African-American, I knew where I stood and how far I could go. Which brings me back to the fifth grade and having to—it was an awful feeling to have to feel “less than.” I spent six months knowing that I was more than that. Then you get to a place where you can’t go here and you can’t go there. I think we grew up desiring not to. Which is why when we got old enough and came home, we wanted to see what all the hoopla was about. We wanted to see why we couldn’t go over there. It was to our great disappointment, because there were houses just like ours. Our house looks better than theirs.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>Okay, but what about the fighting? Did they do any fighting?</p>
<p><strong>Black<br /></strong>Oh, yes. There was fighting. However, I would be in New York, so he would see more. The fights were always in the beginning of the school year and definitely at the end of the school year. The last day of school [<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Hardy<br /></strong>You can’t get suspended. The only thing you can do is go home.</p>
<p><strong>Black<br /></strong>You’ve been saving up the whole year for the last day of school.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>Get even time.</p>
<p><strong>Black<br /></strong>I think we even picked fights. It was the last day of school.</p>
<p><strong>Hardy<br /></strong>It was wild, I tell you. I think about some of that. There was one in particular. I had a problem with one teacher. This guy—from the moment I walked in his class until the time class was done—did not like me. I didn’t bother with him, but there was this girl that liked me. She was white and she liked me. My thing was, “I can’t do nothing with you. Ain’t no way.” I wasn’t interested, but because she liked me, he was upset about it. She didn’t try to hide it. She liked me and I kept saying, “Look, I can’t do nothing with you.” And he realized what was going on, and one day, he called me outside the classroom and he said, “You are one dirty, stinking, colored boy.” It hit me and I told Dad about it and he said, “Don’t worry about it.” but I still had to deal with this guy</p>
<p>One day in class there was a hand-cranked electrical generator. You can generate electricity with this hand-cranked electrical generator. Now, my dad was a plumber, but he was also a carpenter, and he knew electricity, and he taught me a lot of things. One of the things that he taught me about electricity was if you got in line with the electricity, if you touched it and I’m touching you, then I’m going to get it, okay? He had this electric generator in class and he was trying to prove a point, and the point was that if you touch this—he had us get into a line and hold hands and guess who was last? Guess who was next to last? The young lady. I knew what was going to happen. He was going to crank the generator. He was saying, “Y’all ready?” Everybody was ready. When he made a motion to crank that generator, I snatched my hand out of hers, and her hair stood up on her head, and she said, “Eeeeeee!” [<em>laughs</em>] When she hollered, he looked straight at me. I was standing there looking at him, because I knew. Needless to say, I got an F. I wound up going to summer school and I passed with a B. Stuff like that happened and I couldn’t do anything about it. I had to deal with it.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>So what happened to that girl?</p>
<p><strong>Hardy<br /></strong>She followed us right on through high school. She was right there. I can’t remember what her name was, but she graduated.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>But she learned her lesson that—she didn’t mess with you again did she?</p>
<p><strong>Hardy<br /></strong>We went to high school and I would see her and she would—but that was it. I couldn’t. My dad said, “No,” and that was just it. It was taboo and I just didn’t do it. You have to be obedient to your parents, so I didn’t. And with everything that happened to me, I didn’t want anything to do with that. The only thing that got me interested was when they came to the football field and said, “Hey, y’all want to play?” At first, there was a wall. After playing football the first few times, there were a couple of fights and everybody was like, “Come on.” As time went on, you get tired and you say, “Hey, something’s got to give.”</p>
<p><strong>Thompson </strong>So what about the girls? They fought too?</p>
<p><strong>Hardy<br /></strong>Yeah. The girls fought too. You know how girl fights are—tearing clothes off, pulling hair, scratching. [<em>laughs</em>] There was a lot of that too, but when the girls start fighting, a lot of the guys would get in too and they would hold them and keep them from fighting. At the end of school, there weren’t enough people to stop all the fights that broke out though. The only thing you could do was get on the bus and go home. The last bell rang, run to the bus, and go home [<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>Well, you both have come out with really wonderful attitudes.</p>
<p><strong>Román-Toro<br /></strong>How did you guys feel when the Trayvon Martin case happened? How did you act when you heard about that?</p>
<p><strong>Hardy<br /></strong>I was in Georgia at the time. I was just working in my shop when I found out about it, and I was like, “Man, that thing ain’t going anywhere yet. It’s still there.” I was saying, “Gosh, the only way that this thing is going to leave this city is that some folks just have to die.” How long are we going to be upset with each other? If I get cut, I bleed. If you get cut, you bleed. It’s the same color red. The same thing God did for you, he did it for me. Some folks won’t let it die.</p>
<p>When it happened, I was like, “Wow, here we go again.” Just when you think everything’s good and maybe there’s a chance and we’re doing all right, here we go again. It blew me away. It really hurt, because a lot of people knew me as the guy from Sanford. When I was in school, they used to call me “Sanford.” When Trayvon got killed, everybody was like, “Ain’t you from Sanford? You better look at the news. Something’s going on down there.”</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>Did you talk to any of your friends down here? What did they say?</p>
<p><strong>Hardy<br /></strong>Oh, gosh,. You know, you always get some radical friends, because this happened to Grandma and this happened to Granddaddy. The memory is still there too. People say, “I’m going to get in on it too,” and “I’m going to do something about it.” I’m like, “Hey, man. That ain’t the way.” Then the demonstration—I was so glad that they were peaceful. I didn’t want that for Sanford. I didn’t want all that fighting and carrying on. We fought enough.</p>
<p>I’ve got a lot of sisters down here and a lot of kinfolk, and I’m like, “Hey, man. Be peaceful. Let’s let the law work for a change.” I mean, it’s obvious what happened. If the blind man heard what he said to the 9-1-1 operator, I mean, come on. You<a title="">[1]</a> were out to get that young boy and he didn’t do anything but go to the store. Now, I don’t know what had been happening in the past. I don’t know how many break-ins they had had in the past. I don’t condone that kind of stuff. I mean, if there’s a thief, let’s catch him. I don’t want him to break-in mine. I don’t want him to break-in yours either. You work hard and you don’t want anybody breaking in and taking your stuff. but Trayvon wasn’t doing that. This guy was so obsessed that he just had it out for him, and what he did was wrong.</p>
<p><strong>Black<br /></strong>And overboard.</p>
<p><strong>Hardy<br /></strong>The 9-1-1 operator telling you, “Wait ‘til the authorities arrive.” And you’re going to take matters into your own hands, and, as far as I’m concerned, you’re guilty. You shot that young boy and he didn’t do anything to you. You messed with him. It could have been your brother, son, or cousin. He came from Miami. I hate that he came to Sanford for this thing to happen to him, but it opened up a lot of eyes in this city—black and white.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>I was so proud of the City of Sanford. They had a thing from the Sheriff’s Department that said that all through that spring there were no reported fights, no break-ins, no attacks, etc. We stood head-and-shoulders above any community that was having all that outside pressure to do something and we didn’t do it. We stood together.</p>
<p><strong>Hardy<br /></strong>And my sister called me and told me, “You should have been here. You should have seen the city. Everybody got together and marched.” It did my heart good. I hate what happened to Trayvon, but it sure did bring this city together and it got people to thinking. I mean, it was something deep inside of me.</p>
<p><strong>Black<br /></strong>When we’re born, that’s something that’s imbedded inside of us from birth. In New York, we say that white babies are born with a backpack full of privileges, and when the black babies are born, the first thing you get is: “You’re black.” If you come from a black parent, this is one of the first things that you’re going to learn. You are Negro. It’s changed several times since then—colored, African-American, black.</p>
<p><strong>Hardy<br /></strong>You heard it different. See, I heard it as, “If you’re white, you’re born with a silver spoon in your mouth. If you’re black, you get a slap on the butt.” [<em>laughs</em>]</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>Okay. Now I want to hear your feelings about what happened to Trayvon.</p>
<p><strong>Black<br /></strong>I’m not an avid television watcher. I certainly try to stay away from the news. I prefer the peace, because I can always hear God speaking. When the Trayvon Martin situation happened, I was unaware of it, but I was in the process of relocating from New York to Sanford, and when I got here in February, I didn’t need the TV. All of our friends and family were talking about it.</p>
<p>What happened to me when I got here, as far as Trayvon is concerned, was that I came downtown really just trying to feel Sanford again, because we were allowed to come on First Street. We used to go to the Rexall Drugs.; we couldn’t eat at the counter thingy, but we could go and get our medicines. Then there was the five-and-dime or the 10-cent store.<a title="">[2]</a> So I came downtown and remembered [inaudible] and Manuel[?] Jacobson and, in passing one of those places and seeing that it was open, I went in.</p>
<p>Immediately, Sarah Jacobson—I got pretty upset, because she wanted to know how I felt about it, but she felt that the world is thinking that Sanford is a horrible place now. and since I was from New York, she wanted to know how I felt. I said to her, “Unfortunately, I’ve just come from New York now, but I’ve lived in Sanford all my life, so I can’t agree with you that this is something different. This has just come out, but they have been killing all along.” That’s what I said to her. “This isn’t new. We don’t know how many black people or children someone has killed and they’re out there in the St. Johns River. I do know that, in my lifetime, Trayvon is not the first one. He’s just the one the Lord is using to clean up Sanford.” Cleaning up Sanford from the top. starting with the police department and everything. We got into a heated discussion, because I wouldn’t back down. I’m the African-American. I know what happened, so I’m not going to listen to you tell me based on what your parents—and all of that. I told her, “Sarah, but you’re still white. You don’t get to have a say in stuff like this. Your opinion is not going to matter to us or to the world, because we look at you and we still see white and all the things that conspired in the meantime.”</p>
<p>She was very proud of her mother. Back during that time, when her mother had Manuel[?] Jacobson, she only had white ladies working for her. Somehow, it had come about in the city that they were going to boycott her, because she didn’t have any black employees. Well, one of the ladies that lived in the neighborhood heard about it and she liked Mrs. Jacobson, so when Mrs. Jacobson got to work that morning to open up the store, this lady was waiting outside so she asked her, “Why are you out here? I’m not open yet.” She said, “Well, I came to apply for that job that you’ve got.” She let her in and she said, “Well, you know I can’t hire you.” And she told her what her credentials would have to be before she could hire her and she just kindly told her that they were going to shut her down that day. She said, “I’ve come here to work for you for free as to save your life.” Sarah thought that that was really great, but not on the woman’s part. she thought her mother had done this awesome thing by letting this black lady come in there. I said, “Sarah, they were going to kill your mother.”</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>Kill the business, not kill the mother.</p>
<p><strong>Black<br /></strong>Well, I don’t see it that way. I don’t see that they were just going to get there and it was going to go over peacefully. I see Mrs. Jacobson in all of that. The black woman really put her life out there to save their livelihood. All Sarah had gotten out of that was that her mother had done this awesome thing for a black woman.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>Well, did the woman keep her job? Did she continue to work for her or did she just work one day for free?</p>
<p><strong>Black<br /></strong>No. It was for a while until all of that had blown over. People saw that she had employed a black person. From that, Sarah just took this great pride that her mother—I said, “Well, she may have been loved enough by the blacks that this woman would come up to her, but she didn’t do anything great. She came and opened her shop like normal.” We just kind of had it out about that, and she wanted to know how I felt about the Trayvon thing. “Is Sanford really a bad place?” I said, “Well, it’s the same. Nothing’s changed.” She disagreed with me, and that’s okay. I never expected her to agree with me, but I was really pissed inside, because that brought back something. I could feel the ball and the chain around my feet while I was talking to her.</p>
<p>What happens to us is that we know what to say to you and how to be diplomatic when we say it. However, if your attitude is the same as Sarah’s, then we have to come together and see the truth. This isn’t the first time this has happened in Sanford. We really have to control our anger. We don’t intend to be anger[sic], but it angers you when you’re talking to someone and they’re not listening. and you know they’re not listening by what they keep saying back to you. I just finally got tired of talking to Sarah and I told her I didn’t want to discuss that anymore. Sanford hasn’t changed. She said, “I could see this is really upsetting you.” She was laughing and there was this guy there watching. “What’s wrong with you, woman? Okay. it’s your money. It’s your money that’s still got you down here and you own half these buildings here, so okay.” She said, “Well, Patricia, if you’re going to open up a shop down here, you should go over across the street and talk to the black lady over there to see how she’s doing.” I said, “Why? Sarah, I don’t need that, because whatever they’re doing to her, I don’t need to hear her troubles and I’m not going to let any of you all do anything to me while I’m here. I’m from the North, Sarah.” She said, “I still think you should go over there.” I left there with a thorn. I still feel it, but it’s better now, because I get to say it to white people [<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p>She was purposely sticking something to me. She knew she was doing it. She was laughing the whole time. That bothered me and it really discouraged me from even being downtown. I’m opening my shop over on Sanford Avenue across 25<sup>th</sup> Street. Sarah’s not invited [<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>Did you have other encounters with blacks or whites in Sanford that you knew when you lived here all those years?</p>
<p><strong>Black<br /></strong>, at this time I’m not going to repeat any of it, because it’s not suitable for the audience. It was negative towards whites. I’m using that word, because I can and it’s true. Sanford as a city has done nothing but grown. It’s the people in Sanford—both black and white. When we speak about different situations, we’re talking about the whites. In our minds—well, they are in charge. Even if we did say “the city of Sanford,” we still mean “whites.” They had lots of opinions, but they were basically what we’ve shared about whites.</p>
<p><strong>Hardy<br /></strong>Our house was next to the bushes, so there wasn’t anything else back there. There was a big ol’ yard. When I went outside—growing up, I can remember having no shirt on—short pants, barefoot. I can remember wearing a shirt, short pants, barefoot. I can remember standing in the road, because my aunt—she used to keep me, and I would always be outside when a story came on called <em>Search for Tomorrow</em>. Do you remember that?</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>Yeah [<em>laughs</em>]. Take a look at this white hair.</p>
<p><strong>Hardy<br /></strong>I remember that. Organ music and everything. And I would go outside, because I didn’t want to be inside the house—no way, no how—because it was on a black-and-white TV. I’d be outside and I’d look over there, because the house across the street was Mr. Jack and Mrs. Blanch’s. They were old folk. No one around was my age except Patricia and—and lived across the alley.</p>
<p><strong>Black<br /></strong>There were other kids, but this is Tenth Street, but when you get to the stop sign, this is where I am. This is the end of Tenth Street—a dead end, actually. It was just he and I as children over here, so we all played together at some point. But at the end of the day, and even at the beginning of the day, it was he and I. Today, we are best friends.</p>
<p><strong>Hardy<br /></strong>We got close.</p>
<p><strong>Black<br /></strong>He can tell you what I looked like. He swears I had ponytails all the time.</p>
<p><strong>Hardy<br /></strong>And it wasn’t hard to figure out who I was either. It was like this most of the time, because this is the only kind of haircut you got. [<em>laughs</em>] Some of the old ladies would plait them. They would take one piece of hair and make this long plait and they’d [inaudible] back and one back here—four big plaits and that was it.</p>
<p><strong>Black<br /></strong>I always had plaits.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>Now, did she wear little dresses or would she wear shorts?</p>
<p><strong>Hardy<br /></strong>She had a little dress on. Every now and then she’d come out with shorts.</p>
<p><strong>Black<br /></strong>Well, at the age of seven, my mother taught me to sew. At the age of eight, I was doing well enough that, at 10, she bought me my own sewing machine. I would come home from Hopper around third or fourth grade, and all the kids would come out and gather together to go out and play. I would be finishing up my little halter and shorts, and I would go out in an outfit that I just made in 15 minutes. That’s when I would have on shorts. Yeah, but he’s my best friend.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>Did you ever see him play football?</p>
<p><strong>Black<br /></strong>No. That was during the time we separated in spirit, due to the other part of my story. We separated even though we were still there.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>Talk about the separation.</p>
<p><strong>Black<br /></strong>We didn’t see each other for about 50 years.</p>
<p><strong>Hardy<br /></strong>We used to walk to school together. Young girls they grow up faster than we do, and they reach a certain point where they lose their mind. It’s just crazy. As young guys we’re like, “What’s the matter with them?” It’s because we don’t have that yet. It was me and you and a whole bunch of girls, and it got to the point where they were way ahead of me. I didn’t have a clue. I realized that something was going on, and at the age that I was, I didn’t want to be a part of it. We used to have to walk to school—talk about no bus. They said, “If you live two miles away, the bus will come.”</p>
<p><strong>Black<br /></strong>We lived two blocks from the two miles.</p>
<p><strong>Hardy<br /></strong>But they told us, “You guys can’t ride the bus,” so we walked. It was a trip. It got to the point where you would see people that lived right around the corner of the school get on the bus. They’d drive from the schoolhouse and drop them off.</p>
<p>We used to walk. And they had gotten to the point where they had begun to walk fast, so me being the only guy, I knew something was different. You start growing up and you start looking in the mirror and you see them and you see yourself and you say, “Nah. I don’t fit. I’m not what they’re looking for.” When they sped up, I slowed down, because I just didn’t—you know, after you’re called “ugly” enough…</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>You were shy.</p>
<p><strong>Hardy<br /></strong>No. I went through school being called ugly, big head, big lips, big feet, and all this stuff. You know, after you hear that enough, you kind of think, “You know, I don’t want to deal with that.” Then I would purposely wait until I would see them turn the corner, and then I would walk on to school. When I got to Sanford Middle School, I already had a license. At 13 years old, I had a driver’s license. I had restriction at 13. I had operator’s at 14. All that walking was done once I got my license.</p>
<p>One of my uncles had a car that was in the bushes and I wanted the car. He laughed me up under the porch. He laughed and laughed. And I stood there until he finally said, “You really want that car, don’t you?” He said, “If you could get it out of the bushes, you can have it.” I went and got my dad’s truck and pulled it out of the bushes. I carried it over to my house, and three days later, I drove it over to his house [<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p>I had my driver’s license, and I taught my aunt, which was his wife—I taught her how to drive, because he’d try, but he’d freak out and holler at her. I taught her how to drive, so he loved me. I was driving his truck and he bought a Cadillac for her, and she was scared of that car. It was so big. I would drive the Cadillac. Woo, man. The car I pulled out of the bushes. I would drive that. It wasn’t a big deal.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>Okay. I want to hear a little more about the car. What kind it was and what you did to repair it? That became your life’s calling?</p>
<p><strong>Hardy<br /></strong>I was fixing [inaudible] and lawnmowers since I was eight years old. I didn’t know why. All I knew was that I could do it. When I got the car—which was a ‘64 Oldsmobile Starfire—it was like a tank. It was cast iron. I was teaching her how to drive one day, and she just tore it all up. We didn’t have any insurance. Nothing wrong with the car. [<em>laughs</em>] The other car was all torn up and the owner said, “You could go. [<em>laughs</em>] It was a light blue ’64 Starfire. I got that thing running.</p>
<p>I carried it home, rose up the hood, and started checking stuff out—spark plugs, distributor, wires, battery. and it didn’t take much. I put some gas in it and fired it up. He just gave up on it, basically. I think about that now that I run an automotive repair shop and think, “It just needed a tune-up.” It cut off on him and he went and pushed it into the bushes.</p>
<p>I was driving in junior high school. So when they took off walking, I rode a bicycle for a while, and then I started walking. It wasn’t a big deal. I would see them walking on the other side of the road.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>And you didn’t even offer them a ride?</p>
<p><strong>Hardy<br /></strong>No [<em>laughs</em>]. I was doing good[sic]. I was satisfied. I drove all the way through high school and everything. I always had something to drive. My dad used to have an old Chevy pickup. I used to drive that. I fixed it up for him. I didn’t realize that God put that gift in me until later—until I accepted him and got saved.</p>
<p>I was reading the Bible—about [King] Solomon. When he was building the [First] Temple, he was trying to figure out, “Who’s going to help me?” Then God told him, “This guy over here knows about bricks, this guy knows about wood, etc.” I got to thinking and realized, “You did that.” [<em>laughs</em>] I thought that I was going to be the mailman after I got out of the army.</p>
<p>I had taken the post office’s<a title="">[3]</a> exam. scored big time. After I came from taking the test, they told me, “You’ve got three interviews already.” I said, “Shoot. I’m going to be the mailman.” I had had about three tickets in the past. I went to Macon and they said, “Oh, you had these a long time ago. Just clear your racket and you’re good. Take the test and everything.” I go to my first interview, and the guy said, “It looks good, but you have too many tickets.” I said, “What do you mean I have ‘too many tickets?’ I talked to these people at Macon and they told me that my driving record is good.” He said, “Man, I can’t use you. You’ve got too many tickets.” I said, “I know what I’m going to do. I’m going back down to Macon to straighten this out.” I went back down to Macon and got another ticket. [<em>laughs</em>]</p>
<p>Now I’m sitting there in the car, and I’m saying to myself, “Lord, what do you want me to do?” He said, “Go home. Enroll in school.” I went home and went to the schoolhouse and enrolled in school and I started the very next day. That’s what he wanted me to do, and I signed up for automotive technology. They thought that I was the best thing since ice cream. I was just doing what I know, and they were like, “Nobody like you has ever come through here.” I kept saying, “Man, all these mechanics...” They said, “Look, no one like you has ever come through here.” I would get my grades and throw them on the table. When it came time to graduate, the instructor walked up to me and gave me these papers and said, “Fill these out.” I looked at the papers and they said, “National Honors Society.” I said, “You got the wrong person. Wait a minute now. National Honors Society means that I’m going to wear a white gown. You got the wrong person.” The guy said, “No. you haven’t seen your grade point average.” I said, “Well, what is it?” He said, “It’s 4.2.” I said, “4.2? How do you get 4.2?” I built a car, and that’s how I got 4.2.</p>
<p>This young lady and I were in the class, and I guess we were neck-to-neck and it got to the end of the class, and I said, “I’ll know what I’ll do. I’ll just build a car. You know, I’ll just put the engine in, and the transmission and everything.” They said, “You ain’t going to be able to do that.” I looked them and said, “Y’all don’t know.” I built that car and I didn’t realize they were looking at me, because I would go to the end of the hall, where the car was, so I could work on it. But they were looking. Finally, I finished it and I stood there and looked at it. I put the key in and fired it up and it looked like everybody came out of the woodwork and it looked like everybody came out and started clapping and everything. I was like, <em>Wow</em>. [<em>laughs</em>] So I filled out the papers and was part of the National Honors Society.</p>
<p>I was floored. I didn’t think that was me. As they finished with the National Honors Society, they said, “Now we’re going to name the Student of the Year.” And they’re going on about this guy and they’re just talking about how great he is and how good he is and I’m saying to myself, <em>This guy must be—goodness, boy. This guy really did good</em>[sic]. They just kept talking until they said, “The Student of the Year is Billy Hardy.” And I’m sitting there and they’re just clapping and hollering, and I’m sitting there, because it didn’t hit me yet. and somebody said to me, “They just called your name.” I looked around at the instructor and walked up to the podium and said, “Y’all said all that about me?” I was like, <em>Wow</em>. I’ve been doing it ever since he blessed me to open up a shop. I worked at the dealership and a couple of other shops and then he blessed me with my own shop.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>Were you in contact with him when he was in the service?</p>
<p><strong>Black<br /></strong>No. It really was 50 years. It was 50 years last year since we saw each other. It’s been a year now.</p>
<p><strong>Hardy<br /></strong>When I left, I left. I’d come home and ride in and ride out.</p>
<p><strong>Black<br /></strong>I wouldn’t see him though. We still lived in the same places, but we didn’t contact each other. The separation was my doing. I did it because of what was going on in my home. He and I were so close that I knew what he knew. The separation was me not wanting to ruin him by telling him what was happening to me all those years.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>Okay. If you want to tell that. We have 14 minutes left.</p>
<p><strong>Black<br /></strong>I’m the one that started to walk ahead. I would look over the corner to see if he had come out. If he hadn’t, I would shoot out so I would be ahead. That was because I decided not to tell him what was going on. He was quiet and I could just tell he wouldn’t have known what to do with that information. This had already been happening to me for six years at that point, and we had played together up until that point, so I had to make a decision. It wasn’t until all these years later that I could tell him why.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>You can tell that if you’d like to.</p>
<p><strong>Black<br /></strong>I had been being molested every week by a family friend in my home or wherever he would drive me to. At one point, Billy and I were playing and he dared me not to do something to him. and I was always hitting on him and everything, because he’s always been a whole lot bigger than me and he dared me this time. He always let me have my way, but this time he was saying, “Oh, you better not do that.” I knew he was serious, but I also knew I was his girl and he was going to let me get away with it. so I did real quickly and I ran across to my yard and he came running after me. The guy that was molesting me was standing there and I ran into the house and as Billy was running to come up behind me, the man hit him. and when I looked back I realized the man was really fixed on me. Billy got up to come after me again, not knowing why this strong man that he didn’t know would punch him like that, and he punched him again. so I knew I had to leave him alone. I made the decision to walk ahead.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>Did he hurt him?</p>
<p><strong>Hardy<br /></strong>He hit me pretty good. I was just a little fella. If I find him again—I don’t know. I remember clearly how he did that, and I couldn’t have done anything, because this guy was swinging some hammers. He knocked me down about three times and the only thing I could do was get up and go home, you know?</p>
<p><strong>Black<br /></strong>I couldn’t look anymore. I didn’t know what to do. I didn’t know if to tell him that this is what the guy was doing. For me, I let Billy go. I didn’t want to mess him up or leave him thinking he had to save me or something, so I did that. The girls didn’t do that. I was the one that said, “Here comes Billy. Walk a little faster.” The girls didn’t even know why. It was very painful for both of us.</p>
<p>At the age of six, he and I were playing make-believe, and the aunt that he was talking about saw us and called my mother. And at six years old, I got the beating of my life. It was my molester that went and caught me and brought me back, and my mother beat me with a leather belt. and when she stopped swinging me around, I got introduced to shame. The guy was standing there and he watched me get the beating, and from there, he began to touch me and became my friend. So I thought I was saving Billy at that time.</p>
<p>We would still go to school, but we ignored the feelings we had for each other. We were in love at six years old. We went to the store on one of the lawnmowers that he hadn’t fixed yet. I have no idea where I learned any of that from. But for me, the separation was very difficult. because your friend doesn’t know what is going on and I just couldn’t tell him or anybody else.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>And for how long did that go on?</p>
<p><strong>Black<br /></strong>For 11 years. I was 17. By the time. But by that time, our lives had gone in different directions.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>When did you go to the military?</p>
<p><strong>Hardy<br /></strong>In ’76. After football season I said, “It’s time to go.”</p>
<p><strong>Black<br /></strong>I never did try to contact him all these years. I wouldn’t ask his sisters or anybody where he was. I just always prayed to God that one day, I could see him again. and, lo and behold, that was last year. It was always in me, because the day after, he never asked me, “What happened to you?” We never asked each other that. I believe that if he had asked me that, it would have given me a chance to say. But since we didn’t—by the time we’re 12, I’m trying to protect him. I had determined, through all those years, that if my name ever came out of his mouth, I would go.</p>
<p>It was 50 years later, and he was talking to a cousin, and he asked about me and she called me in New York and told me, “Billy was asking about you. He wants your number.” And I asked, “My Billy?” She said, “Yeah.” I said, “Billy boy? My Billy boy?” And I started to cry and asked her, “’Tricia, is it my Billy boy?” And she kept saying, “Yes.” Even she knew what it was. She asked, “Do you want me to give him your number?” I said, “No. give me his.” It had been long enough. I called him immediately, and, probably to his annoyance, I called him every day since then [<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p>My father owned a school bus, a big truck, and a car. The bus was to carry the people up North and the yard was always full. The backyard was where Daddy kept all his vehicles was actually right in his view.</p>
<p><strong>Hardy<br /></strong>So I knew when they came from up North. When the trucks and the buses were out there, I knew she was back. We were like Forrest Gump and Jenny [<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>This was just wonderful and I’d love to do it again.</p>
<div><br /><div>
<p><a title="">[1]</a> George [Michael] Zimmerman.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="">[2]</a> Next to the Sanford Atlantic Bank.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a title="">[3]</a> United States Postal Service (USPS).</p>
</div>
</div>
10th Street
11th Street
1st Street
25th Street
African Americans
Army
Bay Avenue
Bigham, Patricia Ann Black
Black, Patricia Ann
car
Celery Avenue
Celery Soup: Florida's Folk Life Play
child molestation
Clemens, Jimmy
Columbus, Georgia
Creative Sanford, Inc.
Crooms Academy
Crooms High School
desegregation
Eleventh Street
First Street
football
Hardy, Bill
Hopper Academy
Howard, Pat
integration
Jacobson, Manuel
Jacobson, Sarah
Jones, Willie
Lakeview Middle School
Martin, Trayvon Benjamin
Mellonville Avenue
migrant worker
miscegenation
National Honor Society
New York
NHS
North Rose Wolcott School
Oldsmobile Starfire
Operation Desert Storm
oral history
race relations
Rexall
Rochester, New York
Roman-Toro, Freddie
Sanford
Sanford Avenue
Sanford Junior High School
Sanford Middle School
school
segregation
Seminole High School
sexual abuse
taboo
Tenth Street
Thompson, Trish
U.S. Route 17-92
veteran
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https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/628788766e24e93f7383b9a5edee00f0.mp3
8180464787fb2eacf5400459a2c010bd
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Goldsboro Collection
Alternative Title
Goldsboro Collection
Subject
Sanford (Fla.)
Description
Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of Goldsboro, an historic African-American community in Sanford, Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around.
On December 1, 1891, William Clark, an African-American store owner and businessman, organized 19 other black registered voters to incorporate the town of Goldsboro, which was the second African-American city to be incorporated in Florida. Goldsboro's early economy was driven by rail yards, fields, groves, ice houses, and produce houses. A year after its incorporation, Goldsboro opened a school led by Katie Stubbins.
Goldsboro, which is located near Sanford, prevented that city from expanding further west. Instead, the City of Sanford passed a resolution to absorb Goldsboro, despite opposition from the latter town's officials. Nonetheless, the Florida State Legislated revoked Goldsboro's incorporation to allow its absorption into Sanford on April 6, 1911. The identity of Goldsboro began to erode as the City of Sanford renamed several of its historical streets. In 2007, Goldsboro was included in plans for Sanford's revitalization efforts. In 2011, the Goldsboro Historical Museum was opened in the town at the site of its original post office.
Contributor
Firpo, Julio R.
<a title="Sanford Museum" href="http://www.sanfordfl.gov/index.aspx?page=456" target="_blank">Sanford Museum</a>
Language
eng
Type
Collection
Coverage
Goldsboro, Sanford, Florida
Contributing Project
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/buildingblocks.php" target="_blank">Building Blocks</a>
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
External Reference
"<a href="http://www.goldsboromuseum.com/The-History-of-Goldsboro.html" target="_blank">The Rich History of Goldsboro</a>." Goldsboro Historical Museum. http://www.goldsboromuseum.com/The-History-of-Goldsboro.html.
Robison, Jim. "<a href="http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1991-09-01/news/9108310447_1_sanford-goldsboro-hurston" target="_blank">Political Sham - The Rise and Fall of Goldsboro</a>." <em>The Orlando Sentinel</em>, September 1, 1991. http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1991-09-01/news/9108310447_1_sanford-goldsboro-hurston.
Robison, Jim. "<a href="http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1991-09-01/news/9108310447_1_sanford-goldsboro-hurston" target="_blank">Political Sham - The Rise and Fall of Goldsboro</a>." <em>The Orlando Sentinel</em>, September 20, 1992. http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1992-09-20/news/9209180388_1_sanford-railroads-goldsboro.
Imperiale, Nancy. "<a href="http://www.greenwood-cemetery.net/history.htm" target="_blank">Discovering A Lost City Historian Finds Surprising Past Of The Goldsboro Community</a>." <em>The Orlando Sentinel</em>, May 20, 1990. http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1990-05-20/news/9005190395_1_sanford-goldsboro-elliott.
González, Eloísa Ruano. "<a href="http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2011-11-12/news/os-goldsboro-history-museum-20111112_1_goldsboro-avenue-novelist-zora-neale-hurston-museum-documents" target="_blank">New Goldsboro history museum preserves town's forgotten lore</a>." <em>The Orlando Sentinel</em>, November 12, 2011. http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2011-11-12/news/os-goldsboro-history-museum-20111112_1_goldsboro-avenue-novelist-zora-neale-hurston-museum-documents.
Flewellyn, Valada S. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/4497409" target="_blank"><em>African Americans of Sanford</em></a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Pub, 2009.
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/44" target="_blank">Seminole County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/16" target="_blank">Sanford Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
Oral History
A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge.
Interviewer
Firpo, Julio R.
Interviewee
Wright, Stephen Caldwell
Location
Sanford, Florida
Original Format
1 audio recording
Duration
2 hours, 2 minutes, and 17 seconds
Bit Rate/Frequency
1411 kbps
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Oral History of Dr. Stephen Caldwell Wright
Alternative Title
Oral History, Wright
Subject
Sanford (Fla.)
Georgetown (Sanford, Fla.)
Lakeland (Fla.)
Daytona (Fla.)
St. Petersburg (Fla.)
Boca Raton (Fla.)
Miami (Fla.)
Atlanta (Ga.)
Indiana (Pa.)
African Americans--Florida--Sanford
Segregation--Florida
Integration
Description
Dr. Stephen Caldwell Wright was born and raised in Goldsboro, an historic African-American community in Sanford, Florida. He lived in Sanford for most of his early life, except for one year in Lakeland for ninth grade. He attended Goldsboro Elementary School and Crooms High School, where he graduated in 1964. For his college education, Dr. Wright attended Volusia County Community College (now Daytona State College) in Daytona for one semester, Gibbs College (now merged with St. Petersburg College) in St. Petersburg for the first part of his Bachelor of Arts degree in English, Florida Atlantic University in Boca Raton for the second part of his B.A. in English, Atlanta University for his Master of Arts degree in English, and Indiana University of Pennsylvania in for his Ph.D. in Linguistics and Rhetoric.
Table Of Contents
00:00:00 Introduction<br />00:00:31 RECORDING CUTS OFF<br />00:00:32 Introduction<br />00:01:16 Education<br />00:02:45 Growing up in Goldsboro<br />00:04:40 Wright family<br />00:07:00 The community's role in Wright's upbringing<br />00:07:50 J. R. White<br />00:11:20 Crooms High School and segregation<br />00:15:46 Teachers and teaching black history<br />00:16:29 Comparing Crooms to high school in Lakeland<br />00:18:24 Working while in school<br />00:22:49 Decline of Sanford Avenue's commercial district<br />00:25:27 Comparing Goldsboro to the white part of Downtown Sanford<br />00:26:51 Interaction between Goldsboro and Georgetown<br />00:29:47 Crooms High School<br />00:31:48 Volusia County Community College<br />00:33:35 Integration<br />00:36:55 Comparing communities in Daytona, St. Petersburg, and Boca Raton<br />00:41:23 Florida Atlantic University<br />00:48:14 Interactions with Cubans, Hispanics, and whites in Boca Raton<br />00:55:13 Atlanta University<br />00:59:11 Miami and its poetry scene<br />01:01:11 Comparing Miami and Atlanta<br />01:02:02 Experience in Indiana, Pennsylvania<br />01:13:35 Teaching at Crooms High School<br />01:20:09 Teaching high school and teaching community college<br />01:22:24 How Sanford changed over time<br />01:24:59 Race relations in Sanford<br />01:27:03 How Goldsboro changed over time<br />01:29:11 Naval Air Station Sanford<br />01:31:37 Vietnam War<br />01:36:24 Sanford during the 1980s, the 1990s, and today<br />01:47:57 How students changed over time<br />01:53:10 Sanford's aging population<br />01:57:20 Closing remarks
Abstract
Oral history interview of Stephen Caldwell Wright. Interview conducted by Julio R. Firpo at the home of Dr. Stephen Caldwell Wright in Sanford, Florida.
Type
Sound
Source
Wright, Stephen Caldwell. Interview by Julio R. Firpo. Home of Dr. Stephen Caldwell Wright. March 27, 2011. Audio record available. <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>.
Requires
Multimedia software, such as <a href="http://www.apple.com/quicktime/download/" target="_blank"> QuickTime</a>.
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/79" target="_blank"> Goldsboro Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
Coverage
Goldsboro, Sanford, Florida
Georgetown, Sanford, Florida
Crooms High School, Goldsboro, Sanford, Florida
Lakeland, Florida
Volusia County Community College, Daytona Beach, Florida
Gibbs College, St. Petersburg, Florida
Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida
Atlanta University, Atlanta, Georgia
Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, Pennsylvania
Creator
Firpo, Julio R.
Wright, Stephen Caldwell
Publisher
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>
Date Created
2011-03-27
Date Modified
2014-03-18
Format
audio/mp3
Extent
1.2 GB
Medium
2-hour, 2-minute, 17-second audio recording
Language
eng
Mediator
History Teacher
Geography Teacher
Provenance
Originally created by Julio R. Firpo and Stephen Caldwell Wright and published by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>.
Rights Holder
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>
Accrual Method
Item Creation
Contributing Project
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/buildingblocks.php" target="_blank">Building Blocks</a>
Curator
Firpo, Julio R.
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>
External Reference
Flewellyn, Valada S. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/4497409" target="_blank"><em>African Americans of Sanford</em></a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Pub, 2009.
"<a href="http://croomsaoit.org/#about" target="_blank">About Crooms Academy</a>." Crooms Academy of Information Technology, Seminole County Public Schools. http://croomsaoit.org/#about.
Postal, Leslie. "<a href="http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2001-11-23/news/0111230278_1_crooms-academy-seminole-sanford" target="_blank">Historic Crooms Academy Embraces A High-tech Future</a>." <em>The Orlando Sentinel</em>, November 23, 2001. http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2001-11-23/news/0111230278_1_crooms-academy-seminole-sanford.
"<a href="http://www.scps.k12.fl.us/studentmuseum/InsidetheMuseum/Crooms.aspx" target="_blank">The Crooms Academy High School Exhibit</a>." Seminole County Public Schools. http://www.scps.k12.fl.us/studentmuseum/InsidetheMuseum/Crooms.aspx.
Robison, Jim. "<a href="http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1991-08-04/news/9108030386_1_crooms-academy-sanford-hopper" target="_blank">Professor's Legacy Lives On In Seminole School History</a>." <em>The Orlando Sentinel</em>, August 4, 1991. http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1991-08-04/news/9108030386_1_crooms-academy-sanford-hopper.
"<a href="http://www.goldsboromuseum.com/The-Education-In-Goldsboro.html" target="_blank">Education In Goldsboro & Sanford</a>." Goldsboro Historical Museum. http://www.goldsboromuseum.com/The-Education-In-Goldsboro.html.
"<a href="http://www.goldsboromuseum.com/The-History-of-Goldsboro.html" target="_blank">The Rich History of Goldsboro</a>." Goldsboro Historical Museum. http://www.goldsboromuseum.com/The-History-of-Goldsboro.html.
Robison, Jim. "<a href="http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1991-09-01/news/9108310447_1_sanford-goldsboro-hurston" target="_blank">Political Sham - The Rise and Fall of Goldsboro</a>" <em>The Orlando Sentinel</em>, September 1, 1991. http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1991-09-01/news/9108310447_1_sanford-goldsboro-hurston.
Robison, Jim. "<a href="http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1992-09-20/news/9209180388_1_sanford-railroads-goldsboro" target="_blank">A Tale Of 2 Cities In Sanford's Past: Goldsboro And Georgetown Get Credit For Creating A Hub</a>." <em>The Orlando Sentinel</em>, September 20, 1992. http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1992-09-20/news/9209180388_1_sanford-railroads-goldsboro.
Imperiale, Nancy. "<a href="http://www.greenwood-cemetery.net/history.htm" target="_blank">Discovering A Lost City Historian Finds Surprising Past Of The Goldsboro Community</a>." <em>The Orlando Sentinel</em>, May 20, 1990. http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1990-05-20/news/9005190395_1_sanford-goldsboro-elliott.
"<a href="http://www.goldsboro.scps.k12.fl.us/Home/QuickLinks/OurHistory.aspx" target="_blank">Our History</a>." Goldsboro Elementary School. http://www.goldsboro.scps.k12.fl.us/Home/QuickLinks/OurHistory.aspx.
"<a href="http://www.daytonastate.edu/catalog/facts/history.html" target="_blank">History of Daytona State College</a>." Daytona State College. http://www.daytonastate.edu/catalog/facts/history.html.
"<a href="http://www.spcollege.edu/pages/dynamic.aspx?id=2147484171" target="_blank">History of SPC</a>." St. Petersburg College. http://www.spcollege.edu/page/dynamic.aspx?id=2147484171.
Homan, Lynn M., and Thomas Reilly. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/48885718" target="_blank"><em>Lakeland</em></a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 2001.
Atwell, Cheryl, and Vincent Clarida. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/41649394" target="_blank"><em>Daytona Beach and the Halifax River Area</em></a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 1998.
Rooks, Sandra W. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/53003501" target="_blank"><em>St. Petersburg Florida</em></a>. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia, 2003.
"<a href="http://www.fau.edu/explore/history.php" target="_blank">History of Florida Atlantic University</a>." Florida Atlantic University. http://www.fau.edu/explore/history.php.
Curl, Donald Walter. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/45710790" target="_blank"><em>Florida Atlantic University</em></a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 2000.
Thuma, Cynthia. <em><a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/53621963" target="_blank">Boca Raton</a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 2003.</em>
Bramson, Seth. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/85822162" target="_blank"><em>Miami: The Magic City</em></a> Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 2007.
Cohen, Rodney T. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/46367480" target="_blank"><em>The Black Colleges of Atlanta</em></a>. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Pub, 2000.
"<a href="http://www.aucconsortium.org/history/" target="_blank">The AUC Consortium's Rich History and Legacy</a>." Atlantic University Center Consortium. http://www.aucconsortium.org/history/.
"<a href="http://www.iup.edu/upper.aspx?id=2067" target="_blank">Brief History</a>" Indiana University of Pennsylvania. http://www.iup.edu/upper.aspx?id=2067.
Wood, Karen, and Doug MacGregor. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/50678367" target="_blank"><em>Indiana, Pennsylvania</em></a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 2002.
Sanford Historical Society (Fla.). <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/53015288" target="_blank"><em>Sanford</em></a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 2003.
External Reference Title
African American
Atlanta University
Atlanta, Georgia
AU
Boca Raton
CHS
college
color barrier
Crooms High School
Cuban
Daytona
Daytona State College
desegregation
Downtown Sanford
DSC
education
elementary school
enlistment
FAU
Florida Atlantic University
Georgetown
Gibbs College
Goldsboro
Goldsboro Elementary School
high school
higher education
Hispanic
Indiana University of Pennsylvania
Indiana, Pennsylvania
integration
IUP
J. R. White
Lakeland
Miami
NAS
NAS Sanford
Naval Air Station
Naval Air Station Sanford
prejudice
race
racism
Sanford
school
segregation
skin color
St. Petersburg
St. Petersburg College
university
VCCC
Vietnam War
Volusia County Community College
Wright, Stephen Caldwell
-
https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/857f2e7d6754774ca0524f1b2c3be13f.mp3
529d983a4d476472e2c7af2bc648d3ed
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Georgetown Collection
Description
Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of Georgetown, an African-American community in Sanford, Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around.
Georgetown was established by the city's founder, Henry Shelton Sanford, in the 1870s. The neighborhood spans along Sanford Avenue, with its commercial district between First Street and Fifth Street, and its historic district between Seventh Street and Tenth Street. Though originally much smaller, Georgetown spanned to its present boundaries from East Second Street to Celery Avenue and from Sanford Avenue to Mellonville Avenue. Georgetown thrived at its height from circa 1880 to 1940, particularly in agriculture and transportation.
Alternative Title
Georgetown Collection
Subject
Georgetown (Sanford, Fla.)
Sanford (Fla.)
Contributor
Firpo, Julio R.
Rock, Adam
Has Part
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/78" target="_blank">Marie J. Francis Collection</a>, Georgetown Collection, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/101" target="_blank">Sanford Avenue Collection</a>, Georgetown Collection, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/16" target="_blank">Sanford Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
Language
eng
Type
Collection
Coverage
Georgetown, Sanford, Florida
Contributing Project
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/buildingblocks.php" target="_blank">Building Blocks</a>
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
External Reference
Flewellyn, Valada S. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/4497409" target="_blank"><em>African Americans of Sanford</em></a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Pub, 2009.
"<a href="http://www.sanfordfl.gov/index.aspx?page=483" target="_blank">Pathways to History - Historic Georgetown</a>." City of Sanford. http://www.sanfordfl.gov/index.aspx?page=483.
Oral History
A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge.
Interviewer
Firpo, Julio R.
Interviewee
Refoe, Annye
Location
Sanford, Florida
Original Format
1 audio recording
Duration
1 hour, 33 minutes, and 36 seconds
Bit Rate/Frequency
1411 kbps
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Oral History of Dr. Annye Refoe
Alternative Title
Oral History, Refoe
Subject
Sanford (Fla.)
Georgetown (Sanford, Fla.)
African Americans--Florida--Sanford
Teachers--Florida
Educators--Florida
Segregation--Florida
Nashville (Tenn.)
Description
Annye Refoe, the daughter of Herman L. Refoe, Jr. and Shellye L. Refoe, was born on January 29, 1951. Since her parents both taught at Midway Elementary School, Refoe also attended the school, as opposed to attending Hopper Academy in Georgetown, an historic neighborhood in Sanford, Florida. Refoegraduated from Seminole High School in the class of 1969. After her treatment in the newly integrated Seminole High School, Refoe decided to enroll in a historically black college/university. She graduated from Fisk College in Nashville with a bachelor of arts degree in English in 1973. Upon her return from college, Annye began teaching in August 1974 at Lake Howell High School in Winter Park. In 1982, she started teaching at Seminole Community College, where she later became the Dean of the Arts and Humanities.
Table Of Contents
0:00:00 Introduction<br />0:00:32 Growing up in Sanford<br />0:01:36 Richard Wright's depictions of the South<br />0:03:09 First time being called "nigger"<br />0:03:48 Education<br />0:04:15 Comparing Georgetown and Midway<br />0:11:56 Growing up in Georgetown and attending Crooms High School<br />0:15:31 Desegregation at Seminole High School<br />0:20:02 Interaction with white people in the business district<br />0:26:38 Working at a drug store<br />0:30:54 Seeing <em>The Great White Hope</em> at the Ritz Theatre<br />0:32:00 Seminole County Public Schools<br />0:34:51 White teachers' reactions to having black students<br />0:37:44 Ku Klux Klan riots<br />0:38:59 Experience at Fisk University in Nashville<br />0:41:25 Majoring in English and dream of being the first female sports columnist<br />0:42:37 Interacting with communities in Nashville and student protests<br />0:45:30 Moving back to Sanford and then to Winter Park<br />0:46:50 Influence of her parents on her life and the community<br />0:54:51 How Sanford changed oved time<br />1:00:17 Teaching at Seminole County College<br />1:00:24 RECORDING CUTS OFF<br />1:00:24 White teacher barred from teaching ballet to African-American children<br />1:02:08 Returning to Sanford and employment after college in the 1970s<br />1:07:21 Experience as teacher and later as dean at SCC<br />1:13:58 Experience teaching right after college and being called "nigger" by a student at Lake Howell High School<br />1:19:20 How Refoe distanced herself from Sanford<br />1:21:03 Disintegration of sense of community due to integration<br />1:23:02 Need for preserving past<br />01:23:37 Annye's definition of Sanford while growing up and in the present<br />1:27:56 Annye's gratitude for being a teacher<br />1:30:10 How people connect to Sanford<br />1:33:50 Sanford and other small towns losing their history
Abstract
Oral history interview of Annye Refoe. Interview conducted by Julio R. Firpo at the home of Dr. Stephen Caldwell Wright in Sanford, Florida.
Type
Sound
Source
Refoe, Annye. Interview by Julio R. Firpo. Home of Dr. Stephen Caldwell Wright. April 15, 2011. Audio record available. <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>.
Requires
Multimedia software, such as <a href="http://www.apple.com/quicktime/download/" target="_blank"> QuickTime</a>.
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/41" target="_blank"> Georgetown Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
Coverage
Georgetown, Sanford, Florida
Midway Elementary School, Midway, Sanford, Florida
Crooms High School, Georgetown, Sanford, Florida
Seminole High School, Sanford, Florida
Goldsboro, Sanford, Florida
Fisk University, Nashville, Tennessee
Lake Howell High School, Winter Park, Florida
Creator
Firpo, Julio R.
Refoe, Annye
Publisher
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>
Contributor
Wright, Stephen Caldwell
Date Created
2011-04-15
Date Modified
2014-03-17
Format
audio/mp3
Extent
944 MB
Medium
1-hour, 33-minute, 36-second audio recording
Language
eng
Mediator
History Teacher
Geography Teacher
Provenance
Originally created by Julio R. Firpo and published by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>.
Rights Holder
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>
Accrual Method
Item Creation
Contributing Project
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/buildingblocks.php" target="_blank">Building Blocks</a>
Curator
Firpo, Julio R.
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>
External Reference
Flewellyn, Valada S. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/4497409" target="_blank"><em>African Americans of Sanford</em></a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Pub, 2009.
"<a href="http://croomsaoit.org/#about" target="_blank">About Crooms Academy</a>." Crooms Academy of Information Technology, Seminole County Public Schools. http://croomsaoit.org/#about.
Postal, Leslie. <a href="http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2001-11-23/news/0111230278_1_crooms-academy-seminole-sanford" target="_blank">"Historic Crooms Academy Embraces A High-tech Future</a>." <em>The Orlando Sentinel</em>, November 23, 2001. http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2001-11-23/news/0111230278_1_crooms-academy-seminole-sanford.
Robison, Jim. "<a href="http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1991-08-04/news/9108030386_1_crooms-academy-sanford-hopper" target="_blank">Professor's Legacy Lives On In Seminole School History</a>." <em>The Orlando Sentinel</em>, August 4, 1991. http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1991-08-04/news/9108030386_1_crooms-academy-sanford-hopper.
"<a href="http://www.goldsboromuseum.com/The-Education-In-Goldsboro.html" target="_blank">Education In Goldsboro & Sanford</a>." Goldsboro Historical Museum. http://www.goldsboromuseum.com/The-Education-In-Goldsboro.html.
Sanford Historical Society (Fla.). <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/53015288" target="_blank"><em>Sanford</em></a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 2003.
Cohen, Rodney T. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/53874175" target="_blank"><em>Fisk University</em></a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Pub, 2001.
"<a href="http://www.seminolestate.edu/about/who-we-are" target="_blank">Who We Are</a>." Seminole State College of Florida. http://www.seminolestate.edu/about/who-we-are.
African American
ballet
Brooks, Gwendolyn
CHS
Crooms High School
Dean of the Arts and Humanities
demonstration
desegregation
education
Fisk College
Francis, Daphne F.
Francis, Gayle
Georgetown
Goldsboro
Haley, Alex
high school
historic preservation
Hopper Academy
Humphrey, Daphne F.
integration
JHS
Jones High School
KKK
Ku Klux Klan
Lake Howell High School
LHHS
Midway
Midway Elementary School
Nashville, Tennessee
protest
race relations
racism
Refoe, Annye
Refoe, Herman L., Jr.
Refoe, Shellye L.
riot
Ritz Theatre
Sanford
Sanford Avenue
SCC
school
SCPS
segregation
Seminole Community College
Seminole County Public Schools
Seminole High School
Seminole State College
SHS
South
SSC
student movement
The Great White Hope
Winter Park
Wright, Richard
Wright, Stephen Caldwell
-
https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/0a3ac9b8486b7d3886790481ed4b2bcb.mp3
0886297563b104a24246be3b270b3cf3
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Goldsboro Collection
Alternative Title
Goldsboro Collection
Subject
Sanford (Fla.)
Description
Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of Goldsboro, an historic African-American community in Sanford, Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around.
On December 1, 1891, William Clark, an African-American store owner and businessman, organized 19 other black registered voters to incorporate the town of Goldsboro, which was the second African-American city to be incorporated in Florida. Goldsboro's early economy was driven by rail yards, fields, groves, ice houses, and produce houses. A year after its incorporation, Goldsboro opened a school led by Katie Stubbins.
Goldsboro, which is located near Sanford, prevented that city from expanding further west. Instead, the City of Sanford passed a resolution to absorb Goldsboro, despite opposition from the latter town's officials. Nonetheless, the Florida State Legislated revoked Goldsboro's incorporation to allow its absorption into Sanford on April 6, 1911. The identity of Goldsboro began to erode as the City of Sanford renamed several of its historical streets. In 2007, Goldsboro was included in plans for Sanford's revitalization efforts. In 2011, the Goldsboro Historical Museum was opened in the town at the site of its original post office.
Contributor
Firpo, Julio R.
<a title="Sanford Museum" href="http://www.sanfordfl.gov/index.aspx?page=456" target="_blank">Sanford Museum</a>
Language
eng
Type
Collection
Coverage
Goldsboro, Sanford, Florida
Contributing Project
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/buildingblocks.php" target="_blank">Building Blocks</a>
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
External Reference
"<a href="http://www.goldsboromuseum.com/The-History-of-Goldsboro.html" target="_blank">The Rich History of Goldsboro</a>." Goldsboro Historical Museum. http://www.goldsboromuseum.com/The-History-of-Goldsboro.html.
Robison, Jim. "<a href="http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1991-09-01/news/9108310447_1_sanford-goldsboro-hurston" target="_blank">Political Sham - The Rise and Fall of Goldsboro</a>." <em>The Orlando Sentinel</em>, September 1, 1991. http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1991-09-01/news/9108310447_1_sanford-goldsboro-hurston.
Robison, Jim. "<a href="http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1991-09-01/news/9108310447_1_sanford-goldsboro-hurston" target="_blank">Political Sham - The Rise and Fall of Goldsboro</a>." <em>The Orlando Sentinel</em>, September 20, 1992. http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1992-09-20/news/9209180388_1_sanford-railroads-goldsboro.
Imperiale, Nancy. "<a href="http://www.greenwood-cemetery.net/history.htm" target="_blank">Discovering A Lost City Historian Finds Surprising Past Of The Goldsboro Community</a>." <em>The Orlando Sentinel</em>, May 20, 1990. http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1990-05-20/news/9005190395_1_sanford-goldsboro-elliott.
González, Eloísa Ruano. "<a href="http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2011-11-12/news/os-goldsboro-history-museum-20111112_1_goldsboro-avenue-novelist-zora-neale-hurston-museum-documents" target="_blank">New Goldsboro history museum preserves town's forgotten lore</a>." <em>The Orlando Sentinel</em>, November 12, 2011. http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2011-11-12/news/os-goldsboro-history-museum-20111112_1_goldsboro-avenue-novelist-zora-neale-hurston-museum-documents.
Flewellyn, Valada S. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/4497409" target="_blank"><em>African Americans of Sanford</em></a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Pub, 2009.
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/44" target="_blank">Seminole County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/16" target="_blank">Sanford Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
Oral History
A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge.
Interviewer
Firpo, Julio R.
Interviewee
Hawkins, Marva Y.
Location
Home of Marva Y. Hawkins
Original Format
1 audio recording
Duration
1 hour, 2 minutes, 59 seconds
Bit Rate/Frequency
1411 kbps
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Oral History of Marva Y. Hawkins
Alternative Title
Oral History, Hawkins
Subject
Sanford (Fla.)
African Americans--Florida--Sanford
Meat industry and trade
Celery
Celery industry
Educations--Florida
Schools
High schools--Florida
Description
In this oral history, Marva Y. Hawkins recounts her life living in Goldsboro, a historic African-American community in Sanford, Florida. Her mother was the owner of the neighborhood grocery store, Hawkins' Meat Market, located off of West Thirteenth Street, originally called Goldsboro Avenue and now called Historic Goldsboro Boulevard. Hawkins lived in Goldsboro her entire life and attended Goldsboro Red School and Crooms High School, where she graduated in 1954. Hawkins has worked in various positions, such as for Family Services, as an insurance agent, and as a columnist for <em>The Sanford Herald</em>.
Table Of Contents
00:00:00 Introduction<br />00:00:57 Hawkins family<br />00:02:15 Thirteenth Street<br />00:03:24 Celery industry<br />00:04:10 Hawkins' Meat Market<br />00:04:37 Hawkins family<br />00:06:22 Goldsboro community activities and schools<br />00:08:14 Migrant labor<br />00:09:40 African-American policemen in Goldsboro<br />00:10:25 Thirteenth Street<br />00:17:27 Closing down of businesses<br />00:18:14 Churches and businesses in Goldsboro<br />00:19:12 Growing up in Goldsboro<br />00:21:37 How children and families have changed over time<br />00:22:13 Social organizations<br />00:23:32 Crooms High School<br />00:23:46 RECORDING CUTS OFF<br />00:23:48 Crooms High School<br />00:28:42 Scholarships<br />00:30:23 Education and career<br />00:32:19 Relations with communities outside of Goldsboro<br />00:36:27 How Sanford has changed over time<br />00:39:08 How the community work ethic has changed over time<br />00:39:37 Interaction between Goldsboro and the white community<br />00:42:01 RECORDING CUTS OFF<br />00:42:02 Interaction between Goldsboro and the white community<br />00:43:26 How Sanford changed during integration and the 1960s<br />00:47:37 Typical day for Hawkins' Meat Market and present use of building<br />52:00 Hawkins' brothers and their families<br />54:15 How Sanford has changed over time<br />01:01:50 Closing remarks
Abstract
Oral history interview of Marva Y. Hawkins. Interview conducted by Julio R. Firpo at the home of Marva Y. Hawkins in Sanford, Florida.
Type
Sound
Source
Hawkins, Marva Y. Interview by Julio R. Firpo. Home of Marva Y. Hawkins. April 6, 2011. Audio record available. <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>.
Requires
Multimedia software, such as <a href="http://www.apple.com/quicktime/download/" target="_blank"> QuickTime</a>.
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/79" target="_blank"> Goldsboro Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
Coverage
Goldsboro, Sanford, Florida
Georgetown, Sanford, Florida
Creator
Firpo, Julio R.
Publisher
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>
Contributor
Hawkins, Marva Y.
Date Created
2011-04-06
Date Modified
2014-03-17
Format
audio/mp3
Extent
635 MB
Medium
1-hour, 2-minute, 59-second audio recording
Language
eng
Mediator
History Teacher
Economics Teacher
Geography Teacher
Provenance
Originally created by Julio R. Firpo and published by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>.
Rights Holder
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>
Accrual Method
Item Creation
Contributing Project
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/buildingblocks.php" target="_blank">Building Blocks</a>
Curator
Firpo, Julio R.
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>
External Reference
Flewellyn, Valada S. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/4497409" target="_blank"><em>African Americans of Sanford</em></a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Pub, 2009.
Sanford Historical Society (Fla.). <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/53015288" target="_blank"><em>Sanford</em></a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 2003.
13th Street
African American
African Methodist Episcopal Church
AME
CAIT
celery industry
CHS
church
cop
Crooms Academy
Crooms Academy of Information Technology
Crooms High School
desegregaiton
education
employee
Goldsboro
Goldsboro Avenue
Goldsboro Elementary School
Goldsboro Red School
graduation
Hawkins, Marva Y.
Hawkins' Meat Market
high school
Historic Goldsboro Boulevard
integration
labor
laborer
law enforcement
meat
meat industry
migrant labor
migrant laborer
migrant worker
police
race relations
reunion
Sanford
scholarship
school
segregation
Seminole High School
Shiloh Missionary Baptist Church
SHS
Snarky's
St. Paul Missionary Baptist Church
The Sanford Herald
Thirteenth Street
worker
-
https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/ae71ad7c2806108ea596e32405867d77.pdf
3a3d41157e4c8c29c10e3b887b5c5d13
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Patricia Black Collection
Alternative Title
Black Collection
Subject
Sanford (Fla.)
Migrant workers
Agricultural laborers--Florida
Migration, Internal--United States
Farm laborers
Upstate New York (N.Y.)
Chase and Company (Sanford, Fla.)
Madison (Fla.)
Houses and homes
Rochester (N.Y.)
Description
Collection of photographs and ephemera donated by <a title="Photo of Patricia Black" href="http://s2.postimg.org/4mpxwg2u1/P3212376.jpg">Patricia Ann Black</a> (1956- ), the daughter of Pilgrim Black (1905-2002) and Lula Mae Haynes Black (1917-2007). <br /><br />Pilgrim was born in 1905, although some records list 1907 as his birth year. Pilgrim and Lula were migrant crew leaders, and thus migrated to Upstate New York in the summers and back to their home in Sanford, Florida, for the rest of the year. Pilgrim was the son of Harry Black (d. 1911) and Maggie Benjamin Black (ca. 1870-ca. 1934), who migrated to Sanford from South Carolina in the 1800s. Harry and Maggie had several children: Leckward Black, Mustar Black, Malachi Black, Leatha Black Walker (1889-1976), Pilgrim Black, Margaret Black Jones (1889-1976), and Harriett Black Lawson.<br /><br />In 1911, Harry owned a grocery store at 206 South Sanford Avenue. One day, he came home from work with pneumonia and passed away shortly thereafter. Pilgrim was nine years old when his father passed away. Maggie was the daughter of former slaves, Isaac Benjamin and Roseanna Benjamin, and the sister of Nathan Benjamin, Pledge Benjamin, Sam Benjamin, Louis Benjamin, Chainey Benjamin, Lara Benjamin, Melvina Benjamin, and Katie Benjamin. Pilgrim had to quit school at age 11 in order to provide for his mother, originally working in a mill house until he was 18 years old. After declining a management position, he traveled to Wayne County in Upstate New York to pick cherries, apples, pears, and other crops. He broke a bone after falling from an apple tree his first year and decided to try farm labor on a potato farm in Red Creek instead. Don Holdridge, the farmer who owned the land, noted Pilgrim's high rate of productivity and offered him a management position supervising up to 30 workers at once, which he accepted. Pilgrim also worked as a foreman in Sanford for Chase & Company for over 30 years. He married Lula in 1937 and they had several children together, including Vivian Louise Black (1940-), Lula Yvonne Black (1942-), Charles Samuel Black (1945-), Pilgrim Black, Jr. (ca.1947-), and Patricia. <br /><br />Patricia was born August 31, 1956, and grew up at the end of East Tenth Street in Sanford, Florida. She attended Hopper Elementary through sixth grade, Lakeview Middle School for seventh grade, Sanford Junior High School for eighth grade, Crooms High School for ninth grade, and Seminole High School through twelfth grade. She also attended school in the North Rose-Wolcott district each year while in New York. During fourth grade, integration began and parents were given the choice to have their children to attend other schools, but Patricia chose to continue attending an all-black school until she entered seventh grade in 1968 and began attending integrated schools. <br /><br />In June 1973, Patricia married her first husband, Clint Holt (1955- ); however, the couple quickly separated due to domestic violence and divorced around 1977. Patricia gave birth to her first child, Charmion Le'Antwinetta Holt in 1974. She also had three other children with William Bigham, Jr. (1952- ), who she was married to for 33 years: William Arthur Bigham III (1982- ), Brandon Oliver Black (1990- ), and Tempestt Teonte’ Black (1992- ). She lives in the family home built by her grandmother, Maggie Benjamin Black on East Tenth Street in Sanford. <br /><br />Patricia endured weekly molestation for 11n years from age six to age 17, and was raped at age seventeen while pregnant with Charmion. At age 29, Patricia became severely addicted to smoking cocaine. After seven years, Patricia was able to overcome her addiction and has maintained her sobriety for 21 years. Despite her traumatic experiences, Patricia has developed a devout relationship with God. While in recovery, Patricia refocused her attention on spreading her ministry of love by becoming a foster parent, serving as the Parent Representative of the Committee for Special Education (CSE), and serving on her local school board in the North Rose-Wolcott school district. <br /><br />Patricia also has owned her own business making incense and importing shea butter from Africa. She also became a licensed nail technician specializing in stress-relieving pedicures. As of 2009, Patricia is retired but still maintains some involvement in her business/ministry named GIFTED.
Contributor
Black, Patricia Ann
Language
eng
Type
Collection
Coverage
Madison, Florida
Sanford, Florida
Rochester, New York
Wayne County, New York
Wolcott, New York
Accrual Method
Donation
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>.
Source Repository
Private Collection of Patricia Ann Black
External Reference
Coles, Robert. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/67637" target="_blank"><em>Uprooted Children; The Early Life of Migrant Farm Workers</em></a>. [Pittsburgh]: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1970.
Piore, Michael J. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/4497409" target="_blank"><em>Birds of Passage: Migrant Labor and Industrial Societies</em></a> Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979.
Flewellyn, Valada S. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/4497409" target="_blank"><em>African Americans of Sanford</em></a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Pub, 2009.
Document
A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.
Original Format
6-page typed paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
Migrant Experience Paper by William Arthur Bigham III
Alternative Title
Migrant Experience
Subject
Sanford (Fla.)
Upstate New York (N.Y.)
Migrant workers
Agricultural laborers--New York (State)
Farm laborers
Segregation--United States
Integration
Desegregation
Wages--New York (State)
Description
An academic paper written by William Arthur Bigham III (1982-) for a course at the State University of New York at Brockport on food and culture on December 19, 2011. Topics discussed in the paper include Bigham's interview with his mother, Patricia Ann Black (1956- ), about her experiences as the child of migrant workers; how migrant workers lived; the difference between education and race relations in the North and in the South; the logistics of working in the fields; and how the Federal government changed migrant work. <br /><br />William Bigham III was born in Rochester and raised in Wayne County, New York. He began teaching microbiology and anatomy at the SUNY Brockport in 2013. He is the son of Patricia Black, the grandson of Pilgrim Black (1905-2002) and Lula Mae Haynes Black (1917-2007), and the great grandson of Harry Black (d. 1911) and Maggie Benjamin Black (ca. 1870-ca. 1934), who migrated to Sanford, Florida, from South Carolina in the 1800s. Bigham's grandparents, Pilgrim and Lula, were migrant crew leaders, and thus migrated to Upstate New York in the summers and back to their home in Sanford for the rest of the year.
Type
Text
Is Format Of
Digital reproduction of original paper by William Bigham III, December 19, 2011.
Coverage
Huron, New York
Sanford, Florida
Creator
Bigham, William, III
Contributor
Black, Patricia Ann
Date Created
2011-12-19
Format
application/pdf
Extent
31.4 KB
Medium
6-page typed paper
Language
eng
Mediator
History Teacher
Economics Teacher
Geography Teacher
Provenance
Originally created by William Bigham III.
Rights Holder
Copyright to the resource is held by William Bigham III and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only.
Accrual Method
Donation
Contributing Project
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/72">Patricia Black Collection</a>
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank"> RICHES MI</a>
External Reference
Coles, Robert. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/67637" target="_blank"><em>Uprooted Children: The Early Life of Migrant Farm Workers</em></a>. [Pittsburgh]: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1970.
Piore, Michael J. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/4497409" target="_blank"><em>Birds of Passage: Migrant Labor and Industrial Societies</em></a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979.
Flewellyn, Valada S. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/4497409" target="_blank"><em>African Americans of Sanford</em></a> Charleston, SC: Arcadia Pub, 2009.
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/72" target="_blank">Patricia Black Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida.
Requires
<a href="http://www.adobe.com/products/reader.html" target="_blank">Adobe Acrobat Reader</a>
Source Repository
Private Collection of Patricia Ann Black
Transcript
Food and culture William Bigham
Migrant experience paper 12/19/11
I interviewed my mother for this paper because of her experience on the subject of the migrant life. Her family worked in the migrant agricultural field for years back in the 1950’s and 1960’s. Every year before the fruit harvesting began my grandfather would assemble a crew down in Florida to bring up to New York. The crews were made up of mostly men but often there would be married couples as well. Often single men were preferred over married men or families. The reason for this was because they would be able to work harder. Single men would have fewer distractions and would be more willing to live in and put up with the conditions of the camp. Once the crew was assembled they would travel up to New York by bus. My grandfather would drive the bus with the people on it and my mother’s uncle (Uncle Buddy) would drive a truck with everyone’s belonging. The trip would take a few days. My grandfather knew all of the stops on their route that were friendly toward black people. You have to remember that this was back in the 50’s and 60’s so racism was still quite prevalent; you couldn’t just go to any gas station or restaurant, you had to go to ones that excepted business from black people. As a young girl this allowed my mother to be exposed to as little of this racial environment as possible. As a parent I would want to protect my child from having to experience this type of situation. This also allowed the trips to and from New York to be somewhat enjoyable and to have an almost vacation like feel.
The camp consisted of a house “big house” and a series of single room “huts”. These huts were very minimal in what was in them. Many of them were no bigger than 10’x12’, enough for one to two beds. There was also a kitchenette which consisted of a tiny gas stove and a table. These huts had no insulation and only one light socket. They would screw an adaptor in to the light socket that had electrical outlets and a light socket in it. This was the only way to get electrical outlets into the room. There was also no running water on the camp, so everyone had to use the water from the well. There was also no indoor plumbing so everyone had to use the outhouses. Basically these huts were Spartan in nature. They were meant for only the bare minimum, rest after a long day of work, not for comfort. The main house was a two story building that did have insulation but still no running water or indoor plumbing also it had only one light socket per room. As a little girl my mother looked at living on the camp as going camping for a little while each year.
Coming up north allowed my mother to attend a better school for a few months out of the year. Also it allowed her to attend a non-segregated school. While schools were not supposed to be segregated they still were. It was just a part of life in the south. Also they “black” schools got the used books and second rate supplies compared to the “white” schools down south. My mother recalls a time when she was in school in Florida and one of her books was from the very school she attended while in New York. It was a used book that had been sent down for that school to use because they could not afford new books.
While life on the camp may have been a little Spartan, everyone on the camp made the choice to be there. As my mother put it we would sacrifice and live poorly for a few months and return to Florida to live like kings. A few people would work like crazy while up north and make enough money to last them all year long. While they were back in Florida they wouldn’t need to work. From my experience as a child living in Wayne County, the children of migrant parents always had nice clothes and were well kempt. They always had the same stuff as the other kids and sometimes maybe even nicer things. The area where I grew up wasn’t exactly the richest place in the world but we were always happy so I can assume they were at least as well off as I was. Referring back to living like kings, according to my mother when the migrants would go back to Florida they were some of the better off people in their respective neighborhoods. They would have the nicer homes and the new cars. Back in the 1960’s migrant workers would get paid around $10 for a bin of apples, which was a lot of money back then. If you were a skilled worker you could easily fill two bins an hour, even more if you were a couple or family that was working together.
Out in the orchards you would pretty much bring what you needed for the work day, like water and food and whatever sun protection you wanted. The farmer did not supply water for you so you had to make sure you had some of your own. My Grandfather would bring a keg filled with water for the worker each day; this is something he did on his own. He was essentially their supervisor/manager so he felt an obligation to make sure they had the things they needed. He was in charge of tallying everyone’s bin count so that they got paid the correct amount each week. Also he would organize the weekly trips into town so people could get groceries and other things. My grandmother would make and sell meals to the workers who wanted, usually to the single men; she would charge around $7 a day for three home cooked meals. At the end of each week on payday after everyone was paid they would go and pay my grandmother for the meals that they had eaten. My mother told a story of a couple that worked so hard, the farmer didn’t have enough money to pay them; they had to wait till the season was over and the farmer had sold his apples and gotten more money. This story shows just how much money there was to be made if you were willing to work hard.
My mother feels that this system/life style definitely does not exist nor could it exist today. Once the government got more involved things started to change. The biggest thing that changed this way of life was when the government forced the farmers to start paying by the hour instead of by the bin. This greatly reduced the amount of money you would make. You could only make so much money in a day base on the hourly system but getting paid by the bin allowed you to make vastly more money, the faster/harder you worked the more you were paid/rewarded. A lot of people refused to work in this new system, they knew what they could have been making and did not want to be doing the same job for less money. This is the time when a lot of people got out of the migrant field and went on to other things. While some things may have improved like running water and indoor plumbing and electricity, other conditions are worsening. Conditions like what they are paid and their work environment have steadily gotten worse. Many African Americans would not tolerate these new conditions and that is one major factor as to why Hispanic people displace African Americans. Back then the conditions may have been hard but it was a conscience choice that was made by all that travelled up north. If you worked hard and made a small sacrifice for a few months you would be rewarded for your efforts, it would allow you to live well the rest of the year. This is not the case anymore; you work hard and still will be struggling to get by. In the old system the farmer made money but the worker also made a living wage; in this new system the farmers still make their money but now the worker is struggling to make ends meet, no matter how hard they work they just can’t seem to get ahead. We really need to look at our current agriculture system, and decide if we want cheap food that comes from the broken backs of the people who pick them and the horrible treatment of animals or do we want food that comes from people that made a living wage and animals that were humanely raised. If it meant that my food cost a little more I know which choice I would make. While conditions may not have been ideal the old system at least allowed people to live, the new system is little more than modern legalized slavery.
African American
agriculture
Bigham, Patricia Ann Black
Bigham, William Arthur, III
Black, Lula Mae Haynes
Black, Patricia Ann
Black, Pilgrim
bus
desegregation
education
farm
farmer
farming
fruit
fruit industry
harvest
hourly pay
hourly wage
integration
labor
laborer
manager
migrant work
migrant worker
orchard
piece rate
piece work
race relations
racism
Sanford
school
segregation
State University of New York at Brockport
SUNY Brockport
supervisor
task wage
Upstate New York
wage
Wayne County
Wayne County, New York
work camp
worker
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
RICHES Podcast Documentaries Collection
Alternative Title
RICHES Podcast Collection
Subject
Podcasts
Documentaries
Description
RICHES Podcast Documentaries are short form narrative documentaries that explore Central Florida history and are locally produced. These podcasts can involve the participation or cooperation of local area partners.
Contributor
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
Cassanello, Robert
Language
eng
Type
Collection
Coverage
Altoona, Florida
Apopka, Florida
Astor, Florida
Barberville, Florida
Brevard County, Florida
Bushnell, Florida
Clermont, Florida
Cocoa, Florida
Cocoa Beach, Florida
College Park, Orlando, Florida
Coral Gables, Florida
Daytona Beach, Florida
DeLand, Florida
Disston City, Florida
Eatonville, Florida
Eau Gallie, Melbourne, Florida
Fort King, Florida
Fort Lauderdale, Florida
Geneva, Florida
Goldenrod, Florida
Groveland, Florida
Hannibal Square, Winter Park, Florida
Holly Hill, Florida
Hontoon Island, DeLand, Florida
Indian River, Florida
Jacksonville, Florida
Key Biscayne, Florida
Key West, Florida
Kissimmee, Florida
Lake Apopka, Florida
Lake Buena Vista, Florida
Lake County, Florida
Lake Mary, Florida
Marion County, Florida
Merritt Island, Florida
Mims, Florida
Mount Dora, Florida
Newnans Lake, Gainesville, Florida
New Smyrna, Florida
New Smyrna Beach, Florida
Ocala, Florida
Ocklawaha River, Florida
Ocoee, Florida
Orlando, Florida
Ormond Beach, Florida
Osceola County, Florida
Oviedo, Florida
Parramore, Orlando, Florida
Reedy Creek, Florida
Sanford, Florida
Silver Springs, Florida
St. Augustine, Florida
St. Cloud, Florida
St. Johns River, Florida
St. Petersburg, Florida
Tampa, Florida
Titusville, Florida
Vero Beach, Florida
Weirsdale, Florida
Winter Garden, Florida
Winter Park, Florida
Ybor City, Tampa, Florida
Contributing Project
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
External Reference
<span>"</span><a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a><span>." RICHES of Central Florida. http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php.</span>
Has Part
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/137" target="_blank">A History of Central Florida Collection</a>, RICHES Podcast Documentaries Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>.
Rights Holder
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES<br /></a>
Moving Image
A series of visual representations that, when shown in succession, impart an impression of motion.
Original Format
1 video podcast
Duration
12 minutes and 18 seconds
Bit Rate/Frequency
141 kbps
Producer
Cassanello, Robert
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
RICHES Podcast Documentaries, New Podcast Preview: A History of Central Florida
Alternative Title
History of Central Florida Podcast
Subject
Podcasts
Documentaries
Description
New Podcast Preview of RICHES Podcast Documentaries: A History of Central Florida. RICHES Podcast Documentaries are short form narrative documentaries that explore Central Florida history and are locally produced. These podcasts can involve the participation or cooperation of local area partners. <br /><br />This episode previews the new RICHES podcast series called <em>A History of Central Florida</em>. This 50-episode podcast series will examine the history of Central Florida through local area objects found in museums, historical organizations and other places. It is based on the BBC's famous podcast History of the World in 100 Objects.
Abstract
In this episode we take a sneak peek at the new RICHES Podcast called A History of Central Florida. This 50 episode podcast will examine the history of central Florida through local area objects found in museums, historical organizations and other places. It is based on the BBC's famous podcast History of the World in 100 Objects. The difference being that we will explore objects in numerous repositories throughout central Florida and we will provide images of those objects within the podcast.
Type
Video
Source
Original 12-minute and 18-second podcast by Robert Cassanello, March 25, 2013: "RICHES Podcast Documentaries, New Podcast Preview: A History of Central Florida."<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>, Orlando, Florida.
Requires
Multimedia software, such as <a href="http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer/" target="_blank"> Adobe Flash Player</a>.
Player. Application software, such as <a href="http://java.com/en/download/index.jsp" target="_blank"> Java</a>.
Is Part Of
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>, Orlando, Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/70" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida.
Coverage
Windover Burial Site, Brevard County, Florida
St. Johns River, Florida
Newnans Lake, Gainesville, Florida
Maitland Research Studio, Maitland, Florida
Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida
Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida
Walt Disney World, Lake Buena Vista, Florida
Creator
Cassanello, Robert
Publisher
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>
Contributor
Cross, Philip
Graham, Emily
Lane, Jack Constant
Milanich, Jerald T.
Newton, Michael
Solonari, Vladimir
Weisman, Brent
Wentz, Rachel K.
Wright, Stephen Caldwell
Date Created
ca. 2013-03-25
Format
video/mp4
Extent
38.8 MB
Medium
12-minute and 18-second podcast
Language
eng
Mediator
History Teacher
Economics Teacher
Geography Teacher
Humanities Teacher
Visual Arts Teacher
Provenance
Originally created by Robert Cassanello and published by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>.
Rights Holder
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>
Accrual Method
Item Creation
Contributing Project
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>
External Reference
"<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2504" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries, New Podcast Preview: A History of Central Florida</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2504.
Click to View (Movie, Podcast, or Website)
<a href="http://youtu.be/VF1xqs-FzUE" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries, New Podcast Preview: A History of Central Florida</a>
Date Copyrighted
2013-03-25
Date Issued
2013-03-25
References
"<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/3435" target="_blank">A History of Central Florida, Episode 1: Windover Burial Site</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/3435.
"<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/3437" target="_blank">A History of Central Florida, Episode 3: Indian Canoes</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/3437.
"<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/4549" target="_blank">A History of Central Florida, Episode 9: St. Benedict Medal</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/4549.
"<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/4550" target="_blank">A History of Central Florida, Episode 10: Piliklikaha</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/4550.
"<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/4562" target="_blank">A History of Central Florida, Episode 17: Travel Dining</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/4562.
"<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/4564" target="_blank">A History of Central Florida, Episode 19: Russian Samovar</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/4564.
"<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/4566" target="_blank">A History of Central Florida, Episode 26: Fishing Boats</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/4566.
"<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/4573" target="_blank">A History of Central Florida, Episode 34: Rollins Collegiate Wear</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/4573.
A History of Central Florida
African American
Ancient Egypt
Ancient Egyptian
archaeology
aritst
art
BBC
beads
bell
boat
Bok Tower Gardens
Bok, Mary L. Curtis
British Broadcasting Corporation
burial
bus
bus driver
canoe
casket
Catholic Church
Catholicism
ceramic
chimney
college sport
college student
collegiate wear
copper
copper beads
cross
Cross, Philip
desegregation
diesel locomotive
documentary
educator
Egypt
Egyptian
England
fashion
fishing
Gainesville
Graham, Emily
Grand Dragon
Grand Imperial Wizard
grave
Great Lakes
Greyhound
hate group
historical society
History of the World in 100 Objects
integration
Kelley, Doug
KKK
Ku Klux Klan
Lake Apopka
Lane, Jack Constant
Latin
Maitland
Maitland Art Center
Maitland Research Studio
Mickey Mouse
Milanich, Jerald T.
museum
Native American
Newton, Michael
Piliklikaha
podcast
prayer
race relations
racism
railroad
RICHES Podcast Documentaries
Robert Cassanello
Rollins College
rowboat
runaway slave
Russia
Russian
Russian Samovar
saint
Saint Benedict of Nursia
samovar
segregation
Seminole
slave
slave catcher
slavery
Smith, J. André
Solonari, Vladimir
souvenir
sport fishing
sports
St. Benedict Medal
St. Johns River
steam locomotive
student
tea
theme park
tourism
tourist
tourist attraction
trade
trade expedition
trade netowkr
trade network
Trailways Transportation System
train
train bell
UCF
University of Central Florida
Walt Disney World
Weisman, Brent
Wentz, Rachel K.
white supremacy
Windover Burial Site
wrecking crew
Wright, Stephen Caldwell
-
https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/18fc2d13c8ad42fef7810f182b91b1dc.mp3
3407d0860199ca4f6e090eb6b5ac0ba8
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
RICHES Podcast Documentaries Collection
Alternative Title
RICHES Podcast Collection
Subject
Podcasts
Documentaries
Description
RICHES Podcast Documentaries are short form narrative documentaries that explore Central Florida history and are locally produced. These podcasts can involve the participation or cooperation of local area partners.
Contributor
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
Cassanello, Robert
Language
eng
Type
Collection
Coverage
Altoona, Florida
Apopka, Florida
Astor, Florida
Barberville, Florida
Brevard County, Florida
Bushnell, Florida
Clermont, Florida
Cocoa, Florida
Cocoa Beach, Florida
College Park, Orlando, Florida
Coral Gables, Florida
Daytona Beach, Florida
DeLand, Florida
Disston City, Florida
Eatonville, Florida
Eau Gallie, Melbourne, Florida
Fort King, Florida
Fort Lauderdale, Florida
Geneva, Florida
Goldenrod, Florida
Groveland, Florida
Hannibal Square, Winter Park, Florida
Holly Hill, Florida
Hontoon Island, DeLand, Florida
Indian River, Florida
Jacksonville, Florida
Key Biscayne, Florida
Key West, Florida
Kissimmee, Florida
Lake Apopka, Florida
Lake Buena Vista, Florida
Lake County, Florida
Lake Mary, Florida
Marion County, Florida
Merritt Island, Florida
Mims, Florida
Mount Dora, Florida
Newnans Lake, Gainesville, Florida
New Smyrna, Florida
New Smyrna Beach, Florida
Ocala, Florida
Ocklawaha River, Florida
Ocoee, Florida
Orlando, Florida
Ormond Beach, Florida
Osceola County, Florida
Oviedo, Florida
Parramore, Orlando, Florida
Reedy Creek, Florida
Sanford, Florida
Silver Springs, Florida
St. Augustine, Florida
St. Cloud, Florida
St. Johns River, Florida
St. Petersburg, Florida
Tampa, Florida
Titusville, Florida
Vero Beach, Florida
Weirsdale, Florida
Winter Garden, Florida
Winter Park, Florida
Ybor City, Tampa, Florida
Contributing Project
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
External Reference
<span>"</span><a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a><span>." RICHES of Central Florida. http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php.</span>
Has Part
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/137" target="_blank">A History of Central Florida Collection</a>, RICHES Podcast Documentaries Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>.
Rights Holder
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES<br /></a>
Sound/Podcast
A resource whose content is primarily intended to be rendered as audio.
Original Format
1 audio podcast
Duration
17 minutes and 39 seconds
Bit Rate/Frequency
192kbps
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 47: Integration and Sports at Bethune Cookman University
Alternative Title
Integration and Sports at Bethune Cookman University Podcast
Subject
Podcasts
Documentaries
Bethune-Cookman College (Daytona Beach, Fla.)
Daytona Beach (Fla.)
Universities and colleges--Florida
College sports--Florida--History
College athletes--United States
Description
Episode 47 of RICHES Podcast Documentaries: Integration and Sports at Bethune Cookman University. RICHES Podcast Documentaries are short form narrative documentaries that explore Central Florida history and are locally produced. These podcasts can involve the participation or cooperation of local area partners. <br /><br />Episode 47 features some of Bethune-Cookman University's greatest coaches and athletes, as well as integration and how it affected sports and recruitment. This contains some very raw statements which demonstrate how passionately people feel about this piece of history.<br /><br />The Daytona Educational and Industrial Training School was established by African-American educator and civil rights activist Mary McLeod Bethune in October 1904. In 1923, the school merged with the Cookman Institute of Jacksonville and then became affiliated with the Methodist Church the following year. The school served as a co-educational high school until 1931 when it became a junior college. In 1941, the school was accredited as a four-year college and was renamed Bethune-Cookman College.
Abstract
This podcast features some of Bethune Cookman’s greatest coaches and athletes. We look at all sides of integration and how it affected sports and recruitment. This contains some very raw statements which demonstrate how passionately people feel about this piece of history.
Type
Sound/Podcast
Source
Original 17-minute and 39-second podcast, February 1, 2013: "RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 47: Integration and Sports at Bethune Cookman University." <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>, Orlando, Florida.
Is Part Of
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>, Orlando, Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/70" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida.
Coverage
Bethune-Cookman College, Daytona Beach, Florida
Bethune-Cookman University, Daytona Beach, Florida
Publisher
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>
Contributor
McClaren, Simon
Johnson, Ted
Hunter, Sheila Flemming
Long, Nancy
Date Created
ca. 2013-02-01
Format
audio/mp3
Extent
24.3 MB
Medium
17-minute and 39-second podcast
Language
eng
Mediator
History Teacher
Geography Teacher
Provenance
Originally created and published by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>.
Rights Holder
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>
Accrual Method
Item Creation
Contributing Project
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>
External Reference
"<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2500" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 47: Integration and Sports at Bethune Cookman University</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2500.
<span>"</span><a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2471" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 19: The Home of Dr. Mary McLeod Bethune</a><span>." RICHES of Central Florida. https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2471.</span>
<span>"</span><a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2493" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 40: Bethune Cookman University Founding</a><span>." RICHES of Central Florida. https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2493.</span>
"<a href="http://www.gcah.org/site/pp.aspx?c=ghKJI0PHIoE&b=3522559" target="_blank">Bethune-Cookman College and Foundation Daytona Beach, Florida: Heritage Landmark of The United Methodist Church</a>." General Commission on Archives & History, United Methodist Church. http://www.gcah.org/site/pp.aspx?c=ghKJI0PHIoE&b=3522559.
Hanson, Joyce Ann. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/51060235" target="_blank"><em>Mary McLeod Bethune & Black Women's Political Activism</em></a>. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2003.
"<a href="http://www.cookman.edu/about_BCU/history/index.html" target="_blank">History</a>." Bethune-Cookman University. http://www.cookman.edu/about_BCU/history/index.html.
Long, Nancy Ann Zrinyi. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/57363897" target="_blank"><em>The Life and Legacy of Mary McLeod Bethune</em></a>. Cocoa, Fla: Florida Historical Society Press, 2004.
Click to View (Movie, Podcast, or Website)
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/files/original/18fc2d13c8ad42fef7810f182b91b1dc.mp3" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 47: Integration and Sports at Bethune Cookman University</a>
Date Copyrighted
2013-02-01
Date Issued
2013-02-01
Requires
Multimedia software, such as <a href="http://www.apple.com/quicktime/download/" target="_blank"> QuickTime</a>.
African American
athlete
athletic program
Bethune-Cookman College
Bethune-Cookman University
Bethune, Mary Jane McLeod
coach
college
college athlete
college recruitment
college sports
Cookman Institute of Jacksonville
Daytona Beach
Daytona Educational and Industrial Training School
desegregation
documentary
Florida A&M College
Florida Agricultural and Mechanical College
football
HBCU
historically black colleges and universities
Hunter, Sheila Flemming
integration
Johnson, Ted
Long, Nancy
McClaren, Simon
men
Moore, Richard B.
physical education
Pittsburgh Steelers
podcast
race relations
recruitment
RICHES Podcast Documentaries
school
segregation
sports
Steelers
university
women
women's suffrage
World War II
WWII
-
https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/27fbd6b9a306f63e2eff2fa2d4da1301.mp3
62c1328c152899d025cbbb3ae94088c7
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
RICHES Podcast Documentaries Collection
Alternative Title
RICHES Podcast Collection
Subject
Podcasts
Documentaries
Description
RICHES Podcast Documentaries are short form narrative documentaries that explore Central Florida history and are locally produced. These podcasts can involve the participation or cooperation of local area partners.
Contributor
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
Cassanello, Robert
Language
eng
Type
Collection
Coverage
Altoona, Florida
Apopka, Florida
Astor, Florida
Barberville, Florida
Brevard County, Florida
Bushnell, Florida
Clermont, Florida
Cocoa, Florida
Cocoa Beach, Florida
College Park, Orlando, Florida
Coral Gables, Florida
Daytona Beach, Florida
DeLand, Florida
Disston City, Florida
Eatonville, Florida
Eau Gallie, Melbourne, Florida
Fort King, Florida
Fort Lauderdale, Florida
Geneva, Florida
Goldenrod, Florida
Groveland, Florida
Hannibal Square, Winter Park, Florida
Holly Hill, Florida
Hontoon Island, DeLand, Florida
Indian River, Florida
Jacksonville, Florida
Key Biscayne, Florida
Key West, Florida
Kissimmee, Florida
Lake Apopka, Florida
Lake Buena Vista, Florida
Lake County, Florida
Lake Mary, Florida
Marion County, Florida
Merritt Island, Florida
Mims, Florida
Mount Dora, Florida
Newnans Lake, Gainesville, Florida
New Smyrna, Florida
New Smyrna Beach, Florida
Ocala, Florida
Ocklawaha River, Florida
Ocoee, Florida
Orlando, Florida
Ormond Beach, Florida
Osceola County, Florida
Oviedo, Florida
Parramore, Orlando, Florida
Reedy Creek, Florida
Sanford, Florida
Silver Springs, Florida
St. Augustine, Florida
St. Cloud, Florida
St. Johns River, Florida
St. Petersburg, Florida
Tampa, Florida
Titusville, Florida
Vero Beach, Florida
Weirsdale, Florida
Winter Garden, Florida
Winter Park, Florida
Ybor City, Tampa, Florida
Contributing Project
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
External Reference
<span>"</span><a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a><span>." RICHES of Central Florida. http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php.</span>
Has Part
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/137" target="_blank">A History of Central Florida Collection</a>, RICHES Podcast Documentaries Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>.
Rights Holder
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES<br /></a>
Sound/Podcast
A resource whose content is primarily intended to be rendered as audio.
Original Format
1 audio podcast
Duration
17 minutes and 58 seconds
Bit Rate/Frequency
192kbps
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 46: An Interview with Joy Wallace Dickinson, Part 2
Alternative Title
Interview with Joy Wallace Dickinson Podcast
Subject
Podcasts
Documentaries
Orlando (Fla.)
Journalism--Florida
Journalists--Florida--Biography
Description
Episode 46, Part 2 of RICHES Podcast Documentaries: An Interview with Joy Wallace Dickinson. RICHES Podcast Documentaries are short form narrative documentaries that explore Central Florida history and are locally produced. These podcasts can involve the participation or cooperation of local area partners. <br /><br />Episode 46 features an interview with former <em>The Orlando Sentinel</em> journalist Joy Wallace Dickinson about the history of Orlando based on her unique personal experience and professional research and work.
Abstract
Joy Wallace Dickinson gives a tour through the rich and diverse history of Orlando based off her unique personal experience and professional research and work. From artists and historical buildings to gangsters and gambling, Dickinson proves that the local history Orlando is fascinating and exciting in this two-part podcast.
Type
Sound/Podcast
Source
Original 17-minute and 58-second podcast, January 11, 2013: "RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 46: An Interview with Joy Wallace Dickinson, Part 2." <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>, Orlando, Florida.
Is Part Of
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>, Orlando, Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/70" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida.
Coverage
Orlando, Florida
Publisher
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>
Contributor
Dickinson, Joy Wallace
Date Created
ca. 2013-01-11
Format
audio/mp3
Extent
24.7 MB
Medium
17-minute and 58-second podcast
Language
eng
Mediator
History Teacher
Geography Teacher
Provenance
Originally created by and published by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>.
Rights Holder
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES<br /></a>
Accrual Method
Item Creation
Contributing Project
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>
External Reference
"<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2499" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 46: An Interview with Joy Wallace Dickinson, Part 2</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2499.
"<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2498" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 45: An Interview with Joy Wallace Dickinson, Part 1</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2498.
Dickinson, Joy Wallace. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/53872607" target="_blank"><em>Orlando: City of Dreams</em></a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Pub, 2003.
Dickinson, Joy Wallace. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/548583228" target="_blank"><em>Remembering Orlando</em></a>. Nashville, Tenn: Trade Paper Press, 2010.
Click to View (Movie, Podcast, or Website)
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/files/original/27fbd6b9a306f63e2eff2fa2d4da1301.mp3" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 46: An Interview with Joy Wallace Dickinson, Part 2</a>
Date Copyrighted
2013-01-11
Date Issued
2013-01-11
Has Part
"<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2498" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 45: An Interview with Joy Wallace Dickinson, Part 1</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2498.
Requires
Multimedia software, such as <a href="http://www.apple.com/quicktime/download/" target="_blank">QuickTime</a>.
African American
Anderson, Robert
art
art festival
artist
author
baseball
baseball field
Beat Generation
Blackburn, Harlan
Bolita
casino
Chance, Frank Leroy
College Park
Cracker Mafia
crime
Cuba
desegregation
Dickinson, Joy Wallace
documentary
Evers, John "Johnny" Joseph
Evers, Johnny
festival
Flamingo Club
Florida State Road 50
gambling
George Stewart's Office Supplies
Havana, Cuba
integration
Jacksonville
journalism
journalist
Kerouac, Jack
King of the Beats
King, Martin Luther, Jr.
literature
local history
lottery
Mafia
meteorologist
Miami
Mitchell, E. B.
National Register of Historic Places
newspaper
nightclub
On the Road
organize crime
orlando
Park Avenue
photographer
photography
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
podcast
Remembering Orlando: Tales from Elvis to Disney
restaurant
RICHES Podcast Documentaries
Robert Cassanello
segregation
Spring Training
SR 50
Stump, Charles "Charlie" W., Jr.
Stump, Charlie
Tampa
The Milton Berle Show
The Orlando Sentinel
Tinker Field
Tinker, Joe
Tinker, Joseph "Joe" Bert
weatherman
Winter Park
Winter Park Sidewalk Art Festival
writer
-
https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/521dd5156aee1a4014cfa40041901b56.mp3
ab1a8f0f82a848a77c6ee28c7898fffc
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
RICHES Podcast Documentaries Collection
Alternative Title
RICHES Podcast Collection
Subject
Podcasts
Documentaries
Description
RICHES Podcast Documentaries are short form narrative documentaries that explore Central Florida history and are locally produced. These podcasts can involve the participation or cooperation of local area partners.
Contributor
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
Cassanello, Robert
Language
eng
Type
Collection
Coverage
Altoona, Florida
Apopka, Florida
Astor, Florida
Barberville, Florida
Brevard County, Florida
Bushnell, Florida
Clermont, Florida
Cocoa, Florida
Cocoa Beach, Florida
College Park, Orlando, Florida
Coral Gables, Florida
Daytona Beach, Florida
DeLand, Florida
Disston City, Florida
Eatonville, Florida
Eau Gallie, Melbourne, Florida
Fort King, Florida
Fort Lauderdale, Florida
Geneva, Florida
Goldenrod, Florida
Groveland, Florida
Hannibal Square, Winter Park, Florida
Holly Hill, Florida
Hontoon Island, DeLand, Florida
Indian River, Florida
Jacksonville, Florida
Key Biscayne, Florida
Key West, Florida
Kissimmee, Florida
Lake Apopka, Florida
Lake Buena Vista, Florida
Lake County, Florida
Lake Mary, Florida
Marion County, Florida
Merritt Island, Florida
Mims, Florida
Mount Dora, Florida
Newnans Lake, Gainesville, Florida
New Smyrna, Florida
New Smyrna Beach, Florida
Ocala, Florida
Ocklawaha River, Florida
Ocoee, Florida
Orlando, Florida
Ormond Beach, Florida
Osceola County, Florida
Oviedo, Florida
Parramore, Orlando, Florida
Reedy Creek, Florida
Sanford, Florida
Silver Springs, Florida
St. Augustine, Florida
St. Cloud, Florida
St. Johns River, Florida
St. Petersburg, Florida
Tampa, Florida
Titusville, Florida
Vero Beach, Florida
Weirsdale, Florida
Winter Garden, Florida
Winter Park, Florida
Ybor City, Tampa, Florida
Contributing Project
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
External Reference
<span>"</span><a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a><span>." RICHES of Central Florida. http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php.</span>
Has Part
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/137" target="_blank">A History of Central Florida Collection</a>, RICHES Podcast Documentaries Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>.
Rights Holder
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES<br /></a>
Sound/Podcast
A resource whose content is primarily intended to be rendered as audio.
Original Format
1 audio podcast
Duration
16 minutes and 31 seconds
Bit Rate/Frequency
192kbps
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 45: An Interview with Joy Wallace Dickinson, Part 1
Alternative Title
Interview with Joy Wallace Dickinson Podcast
Subject
Podcasts
Documentaries
Orlando (Fla.)
Journalism--Florida
Journalists--Florida--Biography
Description
Episode 45, Part 1 of RICHES Podcast Documentaries: An Interview with Joy Wallace Dickinson. RICHES Podcast Documentaries are short form narrative documentaries that explore Central Florida history and are locally produced. These podcasts can involve the participation or cooperation of local area partners. <br /><br />Episode 45 features an interview with former <em>The Orlando Sentinel</em> journalist Joy Wallace Dickinson about the history of Orlando based on her unique personal experience and professional research and work.
Abstract
Joy Wallace Dickinson gives a tour through the rich and diverse history of Orlando based off her unique personal experience and professional research and work. From artists and historical buildings to gangsters and gambling, Dickinson proves that the local history Orlando is fascinating and exciting in this two-part podcast.
Type
Sound/Podcast
Source
Original 16-minute and 31-second podcast, December 19, 2012: "RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 45: An Interview with Joy Wallace Dickinson, Part 1." <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>, Orlando, Florida.
Is Part Of
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>, Orlando, Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/70" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida.
Coverage
Orlando, Florida
Publisher
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>
Contributor
Dickinson, Joy Wallace
Date Created
ca. 2012-12-19
Format
audio/mp3
Extent
22.9 MB
Medium
16-minute and 31-second podcast
Language
eng
Mediator
History Teacher
Geography Teacher
Provenance
Originally created by and published by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>.
Rights Holder
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>
Accrual Method
Item Creation
Contributing Project
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>
External Reference
"<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2498" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 45: An Interview with Joy Wallace Dickinson, Part 1</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2498.
"<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2499" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 46: An Interview with Joy Wallace Dickinson, Part 2</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2499.
Dickinson, Joy Wallace. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/53872607" target="_blank"><em>Orlando: City of Dreams</em></a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Pub, 2003.
Dickinson, Joy Wallace. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/548583228" target="_blank"><em>Remembering Orlando</em></a>. Nashville, Tenn: Trade Paper Press, 2010.
Click to View (Movie, Podcast, or Website)
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/files/original/521dd5156aee1a4014cfa40041901b56.mp3" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 45: An Interview with Joy Wallace Dickinson, Part 1</a>
Date Copyrighted
2012-12-19
Date Issued
2012-12-19
Has Part
"<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2499" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 46: An Interview with Joy Wallace Dickinson, Part 2</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2499.
Requires
Multimedia software, such as <a href="http://www.apple.com/quicktime/download/" target="_blank"> QuickTime</a>.
African American
Amtrak
Central Boulevard
cherry
Cherry Plaza
civil rights
Civil Rights Movement
desegregation
Dickinson, Joy Wallace
Dickson & Ives Building
Dickson & Ives Company
Disney, Walt
Disney, Walter "Walt" Elias
documentary
Downtown Orlando
Eola Plaza
Eola Plaza Hotel
Florida Flashback
Florida State University
FSU
high school
HOTEL
Howard Junior High School
integration
Johnson, Lyndon Baines
journalism
journalist
Kennedy, John Fitzgerald
Lake Eola
Lake Eola Park
Lee, Harper
Lee, Nelle Harper
local history
Martínez-Fernández, Luis
newspaper
Orange Avenue
orange county
orlando
Orlando High School
Orlando: City of Dreams.
podcast
railroad
Remembering Orlando: Tales from Elvis to Disney
retail
RICHES Podcast Documentaries
school
segregation
Sligh Boulevard
South
Spanish Mediterranean Architecture
St. Augustine
The Orlando Sentinel
To Kill a Mockingbird
tourism
tourist attraction
train
train station
Walt Disney World
Yowell-Drew Company
-
https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/68c2275f3274502a904d6aeeed777bf5.mp3
d0296e36c6d1905f59508fa7eb7cd8f2
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
RICHES Podcast Documentaries Collection
Alternative Title
RICHES Podcast Collection
Subject
Podcasts
Documentaries
Description
RICHES Podcast Documentaries are short form narrative documentaries that explore Central Florida history and are locally produced. These podcasts can involve the participation or cooperation of local area partners.
Contributor
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
Cassanello, Robert
Language
eng
Type
Collection
Coverage
Altoona, Florida
Apopka, Florida
Astor, Florida
Barberville, Florida
Brevard County, Florida
Bushnell, Florida
Clermont, Florida
Cocoa, Florida
Cocoa Beach, Florida
College Park, Orlando, Florida
Coral Gables, Florida
Daytona Beach, Florida
DeLand, Florida
Disston City, Florida
Eatonville, Florida
Eau Gallie, Melbourne, Florida
Fort King, Florida
Fort Lauderdale, Florida
Geneva, Florida
Goldenrod, Florida
Groveland, Florida
Hannibal Square, Winter Park, Florida
Holly Hill, Florida
Hontoon Island, DeLand, Florida
Indian River, Florida
Jacksonville, Florida
Key Biscayne, Florida
Key West, Florida
Kissimmee, Florida
Lake Apopka, Florida
Lake Buena Vista, Florida
Lake County, Florida
Lake Mary, Florida
Marion County, Florida
Merritt Island, Florida
Mims, Florida
Mount Dora, Florida
Newnans Lake, Gainesville, Florida
New Smyrna, Florida
New Smyrna Beach, Florida
Ocala, Florida
Ocklawaha River, Florida
Ocoee, Florida
Orlando, Florida
Ormond Beach, Florida
Osceola County, Florida
Oviedo, Florida
Parramore, Orlando, Florida
Reedy Creek, Florida
Sanford, Florida
Silver Springs, Florida
St. Augustine, Florida
St. Cloud, Florida
St. Johns River, Florida
St. Petersburg, Florida
Tampa, Florida
Titusville, Florida
Vero Beach, Florida
Weirsdale, Florida
Winter Garden, Florida
Winter Park, Florida
Ybor City, Tampa, Florida
Contributing Project
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
External Reference
<span>"</span><a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a><span>." RICHES of Central Florida. http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php.</span>
Has Part
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/137" target="_blank">A History of Central Florida Collection</a>, RICHES Podcast Documentaries Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>.
Rights Holder
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES<br /></a>
Sound/Podcast
A resource whose content is primarily intended to be rendered as audio.
Original Format
1 audio podcast
Duration
19 minutes and 49 seconds
Bit Rate/Frequency
192kbps
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 44: The Construction of Inequality: Politics and Influence on I-4
Alternative Title
Politics and Influence on I-4 Podcast
Subject
Podcasts
Documentaries
Orlando (Fla.)
Interstate highways
Winter Park (Fla.)
Urban development
Description
Episode 44 of RICHES Podcast Documentaries: The Construction of Inequality: Politics and Influence on I-4. RICHES Podcast Documentaries are short form narrative documentaries that explore Central Florida history and are locally produced. These podcasts can involve the participation or cooperation of local area partners. <br /><br />Episode 44 examines the controversy over the construction of Interstate Highway 4 through and around Orlando and the unequal amount of influence exerted on the building of the road by different interest groups and parties involved. I-4 was one of the first Interstate Highways constructed in Florida, with its first section opening between Plant City and Lakeland in 1959. By 1962, the segment of I-4 connecting Tampa and Orlando was completed and the entire highway was completed by the late 1960s.
Abstract
This podcast examines the controversy over the construction of Interstate 4 through and around Orlando and the unequal amount of influence exerted on the building of the road by different interest groups and parties involved. The Orlando business district, the Parramore community, and the city of Winter Park each have a part in this story.
Type
Sound/Podcast
Source
Original 19-minute and 49-second podcast by Mark Hermanstorfer, December 19, 2012: "RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 44: The Construction of Inequality: Politics and Influence on I-4." <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>, Orlando, Florida.
Is Part Of
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>, Orlando, Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/70" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida.
Coverage
Orlando, Florida
Parramore, Orlando, Florida
Winter Park, Florida
Creator
Hermanstorfer, Mark
Publisher
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>
Contributor
Chambliss, Julian C.
Clark, James "Jim" C.
Mohl, Raymond A.
Stevenson, Bruce
Date Created
ca. 2012-12-19
Format
audio/mp3
Extent
27.5 MB
Medium
19-minute and 49-second podcast
Language
eng
Mediator
History Teacher
Civics/Government Teacher
Economics Teacher
Geography Teacher
Provenance
Originally created by Mark Hermanstorfer and published by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>.
Rights Holder
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>
Accrual Method
Item Creation
Contributing Project
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>
External Reference
"<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2497" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 44: The Construction of Inequality: Politics and Influence on I-4</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2497.
"<a href="http://www.us-highways.com/fli.htm" target="_blank">Historic Florida Mainlines</a>." Historic Florida Mainlines. http://www.us-highways.com/fli.htm.
Moon, Henry. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/31901368" target="_blank"><em>The Interstate Highway System</em></a>. Washington, DC: Association of American Geographers, 1994.
Click to View (Movie, Podcast, or Website)
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/files/original/68c2275f3274502a904d6aeeed777bf5.mp3" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 44: The Construction of Inequality: Politics and Influence on I-4</a>
Date Copyrighted
2012-12-19
Date Issued
2012-12-19
Requires
Multimedia software, such as <a href="http://www.apple.com/quicktime/download/" target="_blank"> QuickTime</a>.
African American
beautification
Caro, Robert Allan
Central Business District
Chambliss, Julian C.
civil rights
Clark, James C.
Clark, Jim C.
construction
Dade County
department store
desegregation
Downtown Miami
Downtown Orlando
East-West Expressway
Eatonville
Eisenhower, Dwight David
engineering
Florida State Road 408
Georgetown, Washington, D.C.
Greenboro, North Carolina
Hermanstorfer, Mark
high speed rail
highway
housing
I-4
I-95
income
integration
Interstate Highway 4
Interstate Highway 95
Interstate Highway System
J.C. Penney's
lower class
mall
Miami
Mohl, Raymond A.
Moses, Robert
national defense
National Defense Highway
orlando
Orlando Central Business District
Overtown, Miami, Florida
Parramore
property value
race relations
real estate
real estate development
real estate industry
RICHES Podcast Documentaries
road
Rollins College
segregation
shopping mall
SR 408
Stevenson, Bruce
store
The City Beautiful
The Interstates and the Cities: Highways, Housing, and the Freeway Revolt
The Orlando Sentinel
The Power Broker: Robert Moses and the Fall of New York
UAB
UCF
University of Alabama at Birmingham
University of Central Florida
upper class
urban
urban development
urban planning
urban renewal
urbanization
Winter Park
-
https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/7edd98f39a2fda5d60ce2d637c81ee03.mp3
e92e0efd22a429e71a82d0cc8d58093f
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
RICHES Podcast Documentaries Collection
Alternative Title
RICHES Podcast Collection
Subject
Podcasts
Documentaries
Description
RICHES Podcast Documentaries are short form narrative documentaries that explore Central Florida history and are locally produced. These podcasts can involve the participation or cooperation of local area partners.
Contributor
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
Cassanello, Robert
Language
eng
Type
Collection
Coverage
Altoona, Florida
Apopka, Florida
Astor, Florida
Barberville, Florida
Brevard County, Florida
Bushnell, Florida
Clermont, Florida
Cocoa, Florida
Cocoa Beach, Florida
College Park, Orlando, Florida
Coral Gables, Florida
Daytona Beach, Florida
DeLand, Florida
Disston City, Florida
Eatonville, Florida
Eau Gallie, Melbourne, Florida
Fort King, Florida
Fort Lauderdale, Florida
Geneva, Florida
Goldenrod, Florida
Groveland, Florida
Hannibal Square, Winter Park, Florida
Holly Hill, Florida
Hontoon Island, DeLand, Florida
Indian River, Florida
Jacksonville, Florida
Key Biscayne, Florida
Key West, Florida
Kissimmee, Florida
Lake Apopka, Florida
Lake Buena Vista, Florida
Lake County, Florida
Lake Mary, Florida
Marion County, Florida
Merritt Island, Florida
Mims, Florida
Mount Dora, Florida
Newnans Lake, Gainesville, Florida
New Smyrna, Florida
New Smyrna Beach, Florida
Ocala, Florida
Ocklawaha River, Florida
Ocoee, Florida
Orlando, Florida
Ormond Beach, Florida
Osceola County, Florida
Oviedo, Florida
Parramore, Orlando, Florida
Reedy Creek, Florida
Sanford, Florida
Silver Springs, Florida
St. Augustine, Florida
St. Cloud, Florida
St. Johns River, Florida
St. Petersburg, Florida
Tampa, Florida
Titusville, Florida
Vero Beach, Florida
Weirsdale, Florida
Winter Garden, Florida
Winter Park, Florida
Ybor City, Tampa, Florida
Contributing Project
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
External Reference
<span>"</span><a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a><span>." RICHES of Central Florida. http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php.</span>
Has Part
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/137" target="_blank">A History of Central Florida Collection</a>, RICHES Podcast Documentaries Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>.
Rights Holder
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES<br /></a>
Sound/Podcast
A resource whose content is primarily intended to be rendered as audio.
Original Format
1 audio podcast
Duration
15 minutes and 55 seconds
Bit Rate/Frequency
128kbps
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 31: Jones High School, Part 2
Alternative Title
Jones High School Podcast
Subject
Podcasts
Documentaries
High schools--Florida
Schools
Orlando (Fla.)
Segregation--Florida
Description
Episode 31, Part 2 of RICHES Podcast Documentaries: Hamilton Holt. RICHES Podcast Documentaries are short form narrative documentaries that explore Central Florida history and are locally produced. These podcasts can involve the participation or cooperation of local area partners. <br /><br />Episode 31 examines the integration of Central Florida schools nearly 10 years after the U.S. Supreme Court declared segregation illegal. This podcast includes interviews with former students and teachers of Jones High School, the first public school for African Americans in Orlando, Florida. For decades, black students were forbidden from attending white public schools. The original building for the high school was on the corner of Garland Avenue and Church Street, but the school was renamed the Johnson Academy and moved to a newer building on the corner of Parramore Avenue and Jefferson Street. In 1921, the school was renamed in honor Principal L. C. Jones and a brick, Colonial Revival building was constructed on the corner of Parramore Avenue and Washington Street. The school was finally moved to its current location at 801 South Rio Grande Avenue in 1952.
Abstract
This podcast examines the integration of Central Florida schools nearly ten years after the Supreme Court declared segregation illegal. We will hear from former students and teachers of Jones High School that were actual witnesses of the process on the effects of integration.
Type
Sound/Podcast
Source
Original 15-minute and 55-second podcast by Bonita Kirkpatrick, May 2012: "RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 31: Jones High School, Part 2." <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>, Orlando, Florida.
Is Part Of
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>, Orlando, Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/70" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida.
Coverage
Jones High School, Parramore, Orlando, Florida
Creator
Kirkpatrick, Bonita
Publisher
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>
Contributor
Morrison, Margistine
Brown, Kay
Date Created
ca. 2012-05
Format
audio/mp3
Extent
14.6 MB
Medium
15-minute and 55-second podcast
Language
eng
Mediator
History Teacher
Civics/Government Teacher
Geography Teacher
Provenance
Originally created by Bonita Kirkpatrick and published by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>.
Rights Holder
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>
Accrual Method
Item Creation
Contributing Project
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>
External Reference
"<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2484" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 31: Jones High School, Part 2</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2484.
"<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2483" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 30: Jones High School, Part 1</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2483.
Berman, Daniel M. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/187449"><em>It Is so Ordered: The Supreme Court Rules on School Segregation</em></a>. New York: Norton, 1966.
Clotfelter, Charles T. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/53144667" target="_blank"><em>After Brown: The Rise and Retreat of School Desegregation</em></a>. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2004.
"<a href="https://www.ocps.net/lc/southwest/hjo/schoolinfo/Pages/History.aspx" target="_blank">History</a>." Jones High School, Orange County Public Schools. https://www.ocps.net/lc/southwest/hjo/schoolinfo/Pages/History.aspx.
Wilkinson, J. Harvie. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/53144667" target="_blank"><em>From Brown to Bakke: The Supreme Court and School Integration, 1954-1978</em></a>. New York: Oxford University Press, 1979.
Click to View (Movie, Podcast, or Website)
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/files/original/7edd98f39a2fda5d60ce2d637c81ee03.mp3" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 31: Jones High School, Part 2</a>
Date Copyrighted
2012-05
Date Issued
2012-05
Has Part
"<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2483" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 30: Jones High School, Part 1</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2483.
Requires
Multimedia software, such as <a href="http://www.apple.com/quicktime/download/" target="_blank"> QuickTime</a>.
African American
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
Brown, Kay
Carver Junior High School
Central Florida Society of African-American Heritage
Church Street
desegregation
documentary
educator
Garland Avenue
high school
high school student
Hungerford, Robert
integration
Jefferson Street
Johnson Academy
Jones High School
Jones High School Tigers
Jones, L. C.
Kirkpatrick, Bonita
lawsuit
Morrison, Margistine
Orange Court Public Schools
orlando
Orlando Black School
Our Story: A Look at the Afro-American History in Central Florida
Parramore
Parramore Avenue
podcast
public school
RICHES Podcast Documentaries
Riley, Judy Smith
Rio Grande Avenue
school
segregation
Solonari, Vladimir
student
teacher
The Orlando Morning Sentinel
Thomas, Trevor
tigers
U.S. Supreme Court
vocational
Washington Street
Wright, Judy
-
https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/78bcbfb046809cdfd2bde941c2dee6f7.mp3
dabf41c14c7055f84fa358b50e3ef173
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
RICHES Podcast Documentaries Collection
Alternative Title
RICHES Podcast Collection
Subject
Podcasts
Documentaries
Description
RICHES Podcast Documentaries are short form narrative documentaries that explore Central Florida history and are locally produced. These podcasts can involve the participation or cooperation of local area partners.
Contributor
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
Cassanello, Robert
Language
eng
Type
Collection
Coverage
Altoona, Florida
Apopka, Florida
Astor, Florida
Barberville, Florida
Brevard County, Florida
Bushnell, Florida
Clermont, Florida
Cocoa, Florida
Cocoa Beach, Florida
College Park, Orlando, Florida
Coral Gables, Florida
Daytona Beach, Florida
DeLand, Florida
Disston City, Florida
Eatonville, Florida
Eau Gallie, Melbourne, Florida
Fort King, Florida
Fort Lauderdale, Florida
Geneva, Florida
Goldenrod, Florida
Groveland, Florida
Hannibal Square, Winter Park, Florida
Holly Hill, Florida
Hontoon Island, DeLand, Florida
Indian River, Florida
Jacksonville, Florida
Key Biscayne, Florida
Key West, Florida
Kissimmee, Florida
Lake Apopka, Florida
Lake Buena Vista, Florida
Lake County, Florida
Lake Mary, Florida
Marion County, Florida
Merritt Island, Florida
Mims, Florida
Mount Dora, Florida
Newnans Lake, Gainesville, Florida
New Smyrna, Florida
New Smyrna Beach, Florida
Ocala, Florida
Ocklawaha River, Florida
Ocoee, Florida
Orlando, Florida
Ormond Beach, Florida
Osceola County, Florida
Oviedo, Florida
Parramore, Orlando, Florida
Reedy Creek, Florida
Sanford, Florida
Silver Springs, Florida
St. Augustine, Florida
St. Cloud, Florida
St. Johns River, Florida
St. Petersburg, Florida
Tampa, Florida
Titusville, Florida
Vero Beach, Florida
Weirsdale, Florida
Winter Garden, Florida
Winter Park, Florida
Ybor City, Tampa, Florida
Contributing Project
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
External Reference
<span>"</span><a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a><span>." RICHES of Central Florida. http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php.</span>
Has Part
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/137" target="_blank">A History of Central Florida Collection</a>, RICHES Podcast Documentaries Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>.
Rights Holder
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES<br /></a>
Sound/Podcast
A resource whose content is primarily intended to be rendered as audio.
Original Format
1 audio podcast
Duration
12 minutes and 12 seconds
Bit Rate/Frequency
128kbps
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 30: Jones High School, Part 1
Alternative Title
Jones High School Podcast
Subject
Podcasts
Documentaries
High schools--Florida
Schools
Orlando (Fla.)
Segregation--Florida
Description
Episode 30, Part 1 of RICHES Podcast Documentaries: Jones High School. RICHES Podcast Documentaries are short form narrative documentaries that explore Central Florida history and are locally produced. These podcasts can involve the participation or cooperation of local area partners. <br /><br />Episode 30 examines the integration of Central Florida schools nearly 10 years after the U.S. Supreme Court declared segregation illegal. This podcast includes interviews with former students and teachers of Jones High School, the first public school for African Americans in Orlando, Florida. For decades, black students were forbidden from attending white public schools. The original building for the high school was on the corner of Garland Avenue and Church Street, but the school was renamed the Johnson Academy and moved to a newer building on the corner of Parramore Avenue and Jefferson Street. In 1921, the school was renamed in honor Principal L. C. Jones and a brick, Colonial Revival building was constructed on the corner of Parramore Avenue and Washington Street. The school was finally moved to its current location at 801 South Rio Grande Avenue in 1952.
Abstract
This podcast examines the integration of Central Florida schools nearly ten years after the Supreme Court declared segregation illegal. We will hear from former students and teachers of Jones High School that were actual witnesses of the process on the effects of integration.
Type
Sound/Podcast
Source
Original 12-minute and 12-second podcast by Bonita Kirkpatrick, May 14, 2012: "RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 30: Jones High School, Part 1." <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>, Orlando, Florida.
Is Part Of
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>, Orlando, Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/70" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida.
Coverage
Jones High School, Parramore, Orlando, Florida
Creator
Kirkpatrick, Bonita
Publisher
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>
Contributor
Morrison, Margistine
Brown, Kay
Date Created
ca. 2012-05-14
Format
audio/mp3
Extent
11.2 MB
Medium
12-minute and 12-second podcast
Language
eng
Mediator
History Teacher
Civics/Government Teacher
Geography Teacher
Provenance
Originally created by Bonita Kirkpatrick and published by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>.
Rights Holder
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>
Accrual Method
Item Creation
Contributing Project
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>
External Reference
Berman, Daniel M. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/187449"><em>It Is so Ordered: The Supreme Court Rules on School Segregation</em></a>. New York: Norton, 1966.
Clotfelter, Charles T. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/53144667" target="_blank"><em>After Brown: The Rise and Retreat of School Desegregation</em></a>. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2004.
"<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2483" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 30: Jones High School, Part 1</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2483.
"<a href="https://www.ocps.net/lc/southwest/hjo/schoolinfo/Pages/History.aspx" target="_blank">History</a>." Jones High School, Orange County Public Schools. https://www.ocps.net/lc/southwest/hjo/schoolinfo/Pages/History.aspx.
Wilkinson, J. Harvie. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/53144667" target="_blank"><em>From Brown to Bakke: The Supreme Court and School Integration, 1954-1978</em></a>. New York: Oxford University Press, 1979.
"<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2484" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 31: Jones High School, Part 2</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2484.
Click to View (Movie, Podcast, or Website)
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/files/original/78bcbfb046809cdfd2bde941c2dee6f7.mp3" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 30: Jones High School, Part 1</a>
Date Copyrighted
2012-05-14
Date Issued
2012-05-14
Requires
Multimedia software, such as <a href="http://www.apple.com/quicktime/download/" target="_blank"> QuickTime</a>.
Has Part
"<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2484" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 31: Jones High School, Part 2</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2484.
African American
band
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
Brown, Kay
Church Street
court
desegregation
documentary
Edgewater High School
educator
French, Scot
Garland Avenue
high school
high school student
higher education
integration
Jefferson Street
Johnson Academy
Jones High School
Jones High School Band
Jones, L. C.
Kirkpatrick, Bonita
lawsuit
lower class
Morrison, Margistine
orange county
Orange County Public Schools
orlando
Parramore
Parramore Avenue
podcast
poverty
protest
public school
RICHES Podcast Documentaries
Riley, Judy Smith
Rio Grande Avenue
school
segregation
South
student
teacher
U.S. Supreme Court
upper class
Washington Street
-
https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/cc5738117843e47822f200c79af5b4ab.mp3
c9a47dfc8c733fba8dac5808f53aea2e
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
RICHES Podcast Documentaries Collection
Alternative Title
RICHES Podcast Collection
Subject
Podcasts
Documentaries
Description
RICHES Podcast Documentaries are short form narrative documentaries that explore Central Florida history and are locally produced. These podcasts can involve the participation or cooperation of local area partners.
Contributor
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
Cassanello, Robert
Language
eng
Type
Collection
Coverage
Altoona, Florida
Apopka, Florida
Astor, Florida
Barberville, Florida
Brevard County, Florida
Bushnell, Florida
Clermont, Florida
Cocoa, Florida
Cocoa Beach, Florida
College Park, Orlando, Florida
Coral Gables, Florida
Daytona Beach, Florida
DeLand, Florida
Disston City, Florida
Eatonville, Florida
Eau Gallie, Melbourne, Florida
Fort King, Florida
Fort Lauderdale, Florida
Geneva, Florida
Goldenrod, Florida
Groveland, Florida
Hannibal Square, Winter Park, Florida
Holly Hill, Florida
Hontoon Island, DeLand, Florida
Indian River, Florida
Jacksonville, Florida
Key Biscayne, Florida
Key West, Florida
Kissimmee, Florida
Lake Apopka, Florida
Lake Buena Vista, Florida
Lake County, Florida
Lake Mary, Florida
Marion County, Florida
Merritt Island, Florida
Mims, Florida
Mount Dora, Florida
Newnans Lake, Gainesville, Florida
New Smyrna, Florida
New Smyrna Beach, Florida
Ocala, Florida
Ocklawaha River, Florida
Ocoee, Florida
Orlando, Florida
Ormond Beach, Florida
Osceola County, Florida
Oviedo, Florida
Parramore, Orlando, Florida
Reedy Creek, Florida
Sanford, Florida
Silver Springs, Florida
St. Augustine, Florida
St. Cloud, Florida
St. Johns River, Florida
St. Petersburg, Florida
Tampa, Florida
Titusville, Florida
Vero Beach, Florida
Weirsdale, Florida
Winter Garden, Florida
Winter Park, Florida
Ybor City, Tampa, Florida
Contributing Project
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
External Reference
<span>"</span><a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a><span>." RICHES of Central Florida. http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php.</span>
Has Part
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/137" target="_blank">A History of Central Florida Collection</a>, RICHES Podcast Documentaries Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>.
Rights Holder
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES<br /></a>
Sound/Podcast
A resource whose content is primarily intended to be rendered as audio.
Original Format
1 audio podcast
Duration
11 minutes and 8 seconds
Bit Rate/Frequency
128kbps
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 13: The Jones High School Historical Society, Inc.
Alternative Title
Jones High Historical Society Podcast
Subject
Podcasts
Documentaries
High schools--Florida
Schools
Historical societies
Orlando (Fla.)
Description
Episode 13 of RICHES Podcast Documentaries: The Jones High School Historical Society, Inc. RICHES Podcast Documentaries are short form narrative documentaries that explore Central Florida history and are locally produced. These podcasts can involve the participation or cooperation of local area partners. <br /><br />Episode 13 explores the history of Jones High School, the first public school for African-Americans in Parramore, Orlando, Florida, in the 1880s. For decades, black students were forbidden from attending white public schools. The original building for the high school was on the corner of Garland Avenue and Church Street, but the school was renamed the Johnson Academy and moved to a newer building on the corner of Parramore Avenue and Jefferson Street. In 1921, the school was renamed in honor Principal L. C. Jones and a brick, Colonial Revival building was constructed on the corner of Parramore Avenue and Washington Street. The school was finally moved to its current location at 801 South Rio Grande Avenue in 1952.
Abstract
Jones High School is a public school in Central Florida with a rich history. It was the first public school for African-Americans in the 1880’s and continues to be a beacon of quality education is deemed important not only for White America but for Black America as well. The segregation laws forbade blacks from entering certain public schools, encouraging them to seek out education through other means. This podcast examines the historical value of Jones High School and the people who continue to work to preserve its history and contributions to the African-American community of Orlando.
Type
Sound/Podcast
Source
Original 11-minute and 8-second podcast by Bonita Kirkpatrick, September 1, 2011: "RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 13: The Jones High School Historical Society, Inc." <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>, Orlando, Florida.
Is Part Of
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>, Orlando, Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/70" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida.
Coverage
Jones School, Orlando, Florida
Jones Academy, Parramore, Orlando, Florida
Jones High School, Parramore, Orlando, Florida
Creator
Kirkpatrick, Bonita
Publisher
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>
Date Created
ca. 2011-09-01
Format
audio/mp3
Extent
10.3 MB
Medium
11-minute and 8-second podcast
Language
eng
Mediator
History Teacher
Geography Teacher
Provenance
Originally created by Bonita Kirkpatrick and published by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>.
Rights Holder
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>
Accrual Method
Item Creation
Contributing Project
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>
External Reference
Berman, Daniel M. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/187449" target="_blank"><em>It Is so Ordered: The Supreme Court Rules on School Segregation</em></a>. New York: Norton, 1966.
"<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2465" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 13: The Jones High School Historical Society, Inc.</a>" RICHES of Central Florida. https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2465.
"<a href="https://www.ocps.net/lc/southwest/hjo/schoolinfo/Pages/HistoricalSociety.aspx" target="_blank">Historical Society</a>." Jones High School, Orange County Public Schools. https://www.ocps.net/lc/southwest/hjo/schoolinfo/Pages/HistoricalSociety.aspx.
"<a href="https://www.ocps.net/lc/southwest/hjo/schoolinfo/Pages/History.aspx" target="_blank">History</a>." Jones High School, Orange County Public Schools. https://www.ocps.net/lc/southwest/hjo/schoolinfo/Pages/History.aspx.
"<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2466" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 14: Calvary Assembly and Benny Hinn, Part 1</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2466.
Click to View (Movie, Podcast, or Website)
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/files/original/cc5738117843e47822f200c79af5b4ab.mp3" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 13: The Jones High School Historical Society, Inc.</a>
Date Copyrighted
2011-09-01
Date Issued
2011-09-01
Requires
Multimedia software, such as <a href="http://www.apple.com/quicktime/download/" target="_blank"> QuickTime</a>.
Contributor
Rickards, Audrey Hightower
African American
African-American community
African-American school
anniversary
Church Street
Colonial Revival architecture
commemoration
desegregation
documentary
education
exhibit
FCAT
Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test
Garland Avenue
high school
historic preservation
historical society
integration
Jefferson Street
Johnson Academy
Jones High School
Jones High School Historical Society, Inc.
Jones High School Through the Ages
Jones, L. C.
Kirkpatrick, Bonita
Mills, Lisa
museum
orlando
Paramore
Parramore Avenue
podcast
preservation
race relations
RICHES Podcast Documentaries
Rickards, Audrey Hightower
Rio Grande Avenue
scholarship
school
segregation
The Orlando Sentinel
The Orlando Times
Washington Street
-
https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/67e36d1cbaa0493ccc143364e8eb22b9.mp3
1ef98c426e16ef99f509881381e1ad0e
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
RICHES Podcast Documentaries Collection
Alternative Title
RICHES Podcast Collection
Subject
Podcasts
Documentaries
Description
RICHES Podcast Documentaries are short form narrative documentaries that explore Central Florida history and are locally produced. These podcasts can involve the participation or cooperation of local area partners.
Contributor
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
Cassanello, Robert
Language
eng
Type
Collection
Coverage
Altoona, Florida
Apopka, Florida
Astor, Florida
Barberville, Florida
Brevard County, Florida
Bushnell, Florida
Clermont, Florida
Cocoa, Florida
Cocoa Beach, Florida
College Park, Orlando, Florida
Coral Gables, Florida
Daytona Beach, Florida
DeLand, Florida
Disston City, Florida
Eatonville, Florida
Eau Gallie, Melbourne, Florida
Fort King, Florida
Fort Lauderdale, Florida
Geneva, Florida
Goldenrod, Florida
Groveland, Florida
Hannibal Square, Winter Park, Florida
Holly Hill, Florida
Hontoon Island, DeLand, Florida
Indian River, Florida
Jacksonville, Florida
Key Biscayne, Florida
Key West, Florida
Kissimmee, Florida
Lake Apopka, Florida
Lake Buena Vista, Florida
Lake County, Florida
Lake Mary, Florida
Marion County, Florida
Merritt Island, Florida
Mims, Florida
Mount Dora, Florida
Newnans Lake, Gainesville, Florida
New Smyrna, Florida
New Smyrna Beach, Florida
Ocala, Florida
Ocklawaha River, Florida
Ocoee, Florida
Orlando, Florida
Ormond Beach, Florida
Osceola County, Florida
Oviedo, Florida
Parramore, Orlando, Florida
Reedy Creek, Florida
Sanford, Florida
Silver Springs, Florida
St. Augustine, Florida
St. Cloud, Florida
St. Johns River, Florida
St. Petersburg, Florida
Tampa, Florida
Titusville, Florida
Vero Beach, Florida
Weirsdale, Florida
Winter Garden, Florida
Winter Park, Florida
Ybor City, Tampa, Florida
Contributing Project
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
External Reference
<span>"</span><a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a><span>." RICHES of Central Florida. http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php.</span>
Has Part
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/137" target="_blank">A History of Central Florida Collection</a>, RICHES Podcast Documentaries Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>.
Rights Holder
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES<br /></a>
Sound/Podcast
A resource whose content is primarily intended to be rendered as audio.
Original Format
1 audio podcast
Duration
13 minutes
Bit Rate/Frequency
128kbps
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 11: Harry T. Moore: An Interview with Dr. Jim Clark
Alternative Title
Harry T. Moore Podcast
Subject
Podcasts
Documentaries
Moore, Harry T., 1905-1951
Civil rights--Florida
Ku Klux Klan (1915- )--Florida
Civil rights activists
Bombings--United States
Description
Episode 11 of RICHES Podcast Documentaries: Harry T. Moore: An Interview with Dr. Jim Clark. RICHES Podcast Documentaries are short form narrative documentaries that explore Central Florida history and are locally produced. These podcasts can involve the participation or cooperation of local area partners. <br /><br />Episode 11 focuses on Dr. Jim Clark's contribution to revitalizing the Moores legacy during the 1980s and early 1990s. During his time at <em>The Orlando Sentinel</em>, Dr. Clark began publishing articles on the Moores and their untimely deaths. Those publications resulted in a resurgence of interest in the Moores and local initiatives to preserve their legacy. Harry Tyson Moore was a pioneer of the Civil Rights Movement in Florida and founder of the first Brevard County branch of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). He and his wife, Harriette Vyda Simms Moore, were assassinated with a Ku Klux Klan bomb on December 25, 1951. The Moores are the first NAACP members to be murdered for their activism and Harry T. Moore is sometimes called the first martyr of the 1950s-era civil rights movement.
Abstract
This podcast focuses on Dr. Jim Clark’s contribution to revitalizing the Moore’s legacy during the 1980s and early 1990s. During his time at the <em>Orlando Sentinel</em>, Dr. Clark began publishing articles on the Moores and their untimely deaths. Those publications resulted in a resurgence of interest in the Moores and local initiatives to preserve their legacy. This episode highlights Dr. Clark’s discovery of the Moores’ story and the popularization of a forgotten civil rights pioneer.
Type
Sound/Podcast
Source
Original 13-minute podcast, July 27, 2011: "RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 11: Harry T. Moore: An Interview with Dr. Jim Clark." <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>, Orlando, Florida.
Requires
Multimedia software, such as <a href="http://www.apple.com/quicktime/download/" target="_blank"> QuickTime</a>.
Is Part Of
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>, Orlando, Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/70" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida.
Coverage
Mims, Florida
Publisher
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>
Contributor
Clark, Jim
Date Created
ca. 2011-07-27
Format
audio/mp3
Extent
12 MB
Medium
13-minute podcast
Language
eng
Mediator
History Teacher
Civics/Government Teacher
Provenance
Originally published by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>.
Rights Holder
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>
Accrual Method
Item Creation
Contributing Project
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>
External Reference
"<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2463" target="_blank"><span>RICHES Podcast Documentaries, </span>Episode 11: Harry T. Moore: An Interview with Dr. Jim Clark</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2463.
"<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2488" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 35: Harry T. Moore, Part 1</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2488.
"<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2489" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 36: Harry T. Moore, Part 2</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/2489.
Clark, James C. 1994. "<a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5544019776" target="_blank">Civil Rights Leader Harry T. Moore and the Ku Klux Klan in Florida</a>." <em>The Florida Historical Quarterly. </em>73, no. 2: 166-183.
Green, Ben. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/40403600" target="_blank"><em>Before His Time: The Untold Story of Harry T. Moore, America's First Civil Rights Martyr</em></a>. New York, NY: Free Press, 1999.
"<a href="http://www.nbbd.com/godo/moore/" target="_blank">Harry T. Moore Homesite</a>." Harry T. and Harriette V. Moore Memorial Park. http://www.nbbd.com/godo/moore/.
"<a href="http://www.pbs.org/harrymoore/harry/mbio.html" target="_blank">The Legacy of Harry T. Moore</a>." PBS. http://www.pbs.org/harrymoore/harry/mbio.html.
Newton, Michael. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/47136480" target="_blank"><em>The Invisible Empire: The Ku Klux Klan in Florida</em></a>. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2001.
"<a href="http://www.harryharriettemoore.org/" target="_blank">Who Were Harry T. and Harriette V. Moore?</a>" Harry T. and Harriette V. Moore Cultural Complex, Inc. http://www.harryharriettemoore.org/.
Winsboro, Irvin D. S. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/797855859" target="_blank"><em>Old South, New South, or Down South? Florida and the Modern Civil Rights Movement</em></a>. Morgantown, W. Va: West Virginia University Press, 2009. http://site.ebrary.com/id/10561071.
Date Copyrighted
2011-07-27
Date Issued
2011-07-27
Apopka
Apopka KKK
Apopka Ku Klux Klan
assassination
baseball
bomb
Brevard County
Brevard County NAACP
Brevard County National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
Brooklyn, Earl J.
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
citrus
citrus industry
civil rights
civil rights activist
Civil Rights Leader Harry T. Moore and the Ku Klux Klan in Florida
Civil Rights Movement
Clark, Jim
desegregation
documentary
FBI
Federal Bureau of Investigation
Florida State Attorney
hate group
historic preservation
integration
investigative journalism
journalism
journalist
King, Martin Luther, Jr.
KKK
klansman
Ku Klux Klan
labor
laborer
Lake County
McCall, Willis V.
Moore, Harriette Vyda Simms
Moore, Harry Tyson
murder
NAACP
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
newspaper
newspaper editor
newspaper publisher
open records law
orange county
Orange County Sheriff
Orange County Sheriff's Office
orlando
Orlando Magazine
podcast
Powell, Angelea
preservation
public records law
RICHES Podcast Documentaries
Robinson, Jack "Jackie" Roosevelt
Sacher, John
Sanford
segregation
sheriff
Simms, Harriette Vyda
Star, Dave
The Orlando Sentinel
tourism
tourist
UCF
UF
University of Central Florida
University of Florida
Winter Park Magazine
Wolfinger, Norman "Norm" Robert
-
https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/254867a60c37e3bc46fe285fbbefc1d7.mp3
e70959dd9ada35b99b1c24356dfbdc5a
https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/2896dbb425123a3a5aa5e9375e239f3d.pdf
cf8be4c92aab6f192700c0aab496ff67
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
RICHES Podcast Documentaries Collection
Alternative Title
RICHES Podcast Collection
Subject
Podcasts
Documentaries
Description
RICHES Podcast Documentaries are short form narrative documentaries that explore Central Florida history and are locally produced. These podcasts can involve the participation or cooperation of local area partners.
Contributor
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
Cassanello, Robert
Language
eng
Type
Collection
Coverage
Altoona, Florida
Apopka, Florida
Astor, Florida
Barberville, Florida
Brevard County, Florida
Bushnell, Florida
Clermont, Florida
Cocoa, Florida
Cocoa Beach, Florida
College Park, Orlando, Florida
Coral Gables, Florida
Daytona Beach, Florida
DeLand, Florida
Disston City, Florida
Eatonville, Florida
Eau Gallie, Melbourne, Florida
Fort King, Florida
Fort Lauderdale, Florida
Geneva, Florida
Goldenrod, Florida
Groveland, Florida
Hannibal Square, Winter Park, Florida
Holly Hill, Florida
Hontoon Island, DeLand, Florida
Indian River, Florida
Jacksonville, Florida
Key Biscayne, Florida
Key West, Florida
Kissimmee, Florida
Lake Apopka, Florida
Lake Buena Vista, Florida
Lake County, Florida
Lake Mary, Florida
Marion County, Florida
Merritt Island, Florida
Mims, Florida
Mount Dora, Florida
Newnans Lake, Gainesville, Florida
New Smyrna, Florida
New Smyrna Beach, Florida
Ocala, Florida
Ocklawaha River, Florida
Ocoee, Florida
Orlando, Florida
Ormond Beach, Florida
Osceola County, Florida
Oviedo, Florida
Parramore, Orlando, Florida
Reedy Creek, Florida
Sanford, Florida
Silver Springs, Florida
St. Augustine, Florida
St. Cloud, Florida
St. Johns River, Florida
St. Petersburg, Florida
Tampa, Florida
Titusville, Florida
Vero Beach, Florida
Weirsdale, Florida
Winter Garden, Florida
Winter Park, Florida
Ybor City, Tampa, Florida
Contributing Project
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
External Reference
<span>"</span><a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a><span>." RICHES of Central Florida. http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php.</span>
Has Part
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/137" target="_blank">A History of Central Florida Collection</a>, RICHES Podcast Documentaries Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>.
Rights Holder
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES<br /></a>
Sound/Podcast
A resource whose content is primarily intended to be rendered as audio.
Original Format
1 audio podcast
Duration
27 minutes and 59 seconds
Bit Rate/Frequency
128kbps
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 4: Gentrification and Urban Renewal: Revitalizing Central Florida’s African American Communities
Alternative Title
Gentrification and Urban Renewal Podcast
Subject
Podcasts
Documentaries
Orlando (Fla.)
Winter Park (Fla.)
Gentrification--United States
Urban renewal--Florida--Orlando
Description
Episode 4 of RICHES Podcast Documentaries: Gentrification and Urban Renewal. RICHES Podcast Documentaries are short form narrative documentaries that explore Central Florida history and are locally produced. These podcasts can involve the participation or cooperation of local area partners. <br /><br />Episode 4 examines some of the factors that led to the ultimate decline of what was once a relatively prosperous African-American community in Central Florida, the efforts that have gone into restoring them, and the effectiveness of those campaigns. Primarily looking at the history of the Parramore district and Hannibal Square, discussion topics range from the effects of urban development and gentrification to the ways in which these communities have fought to preserve their heritage and improve their neighborhoods.
Abstract
This podcast examines some of the factors that led to the ultimate decline of what was once a relatively prosperous African-American community in Central Florida, the efforts that have gone into restoring them, and the effectiveness of those campaigns. Primarily looking at the history of the Parramore district and Hannibal Square, discussion topics range from the effects of urban development and gentrification to the ways in which these communities have fought to preserve their heritage and improve their neighborhoods.
Type
Sound
Source
Original 27-minute and 59-second podcast by Geoffrey Cravero, April 1, 2011: "RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 4: Gentrification and Urban Renewal: Revitalizing Central Florida’s African American Communities." <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>, Orlando, Florida.
Is Part Of
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>, Orlando, Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/70" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida.
Coverage
Parramore, Orlando, Florida
Hannibal Square, Winter Park, Florida
Creator
Cravero, Geoffrey
Publisher
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>
Contributor
Thompson, Geraldine F.
Brotemarkle, Benjamin D.
Chambliss, Julian C.
Livingston, Fairolyn
Date Created
ca. 2011-04-01
Format
audio/mp3
Extent
25.8 MB
151 KB
Medium
27-minute and 59-second podcast
14-page digital transcript
Language
eng
Mediator
History Teacher
Civics/Government Teacher
Geography Teacher
Humanities Teacher
Provenance
Originally created by Geoffrey Cravero and published by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>.
Rights Holder
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>
Accrual Method
Item Creation
Contributing Project
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>
External Reference
Cox, Dale. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/781177259" target="_blank"><em>Old Parramore: The History of a Florida Ghost Town</em></a>. S.l: Createspace], 2010.
Dickinson, Joy Wallace "<a href="http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2006-07-02/news/ORFLASH02_1_brotemarkle-oral-history-central-florida" target="_blank">Parramore Legacy: 'Black History is Part of Everybody's History'</a>." <em>The Orlando Sentinel</em>, July 2, 2006. http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2006-07-02/news/ORFLASH02_1_brotemarkle-oral-history-central-florida.
"<a href="http://deimos.apple.com/WebObjects/Core.woa/Browse/ucf.edu.2577623765.02577623773.7292816977?i=1331393182" target="_blank"><span>RICHES Podcast Documentaries, </span>Episode 4: Gentrification and Urban Renewal</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. http://deimos.apple.com/WebObjects/Core.woa/Browse/ucf.edu.2577623765.02577623773.7292816977?i=1331393182.
Frazier, Amanda E. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/47806651" target="_blank"><em>On the Other Side of the Tracks: Redevelopment in West Winter Park</em></a>. Thesis (A.B. Honoris)--Rollins College, 2001, 2001.
Florida. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/435532264" target="_blank"><em>Urban Revitalization in Florida</em></a>. [Tallahassee, Fla.]: Florida Legislative Committee on Intergovernmental Relations, 2005.
"<a href="http://www.cityoforlando.net/economic/pathways-for-parramore/" target="_blank">History of Pathways for Parramore</a>." City of Orlando. http://www.cityoforlando.net/economic/pathways-for-parramore/.
Livingston, Fairolyn. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/68757928" target="_blank"><em>A Window on Hannibal Square: A View of Life in Early Westside Winter Park and a Portrait of the Lives and Careers of Walter B. Simpson and Frank R. Israel, the Only Black Men to Every Hold Office in the City of Winter Park, Florida</em></a>. 1997.
Russin, Teresa. <a href="http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0021792" target="_blank"><em>The Community Land Trust Model and Smart Growth Principles As a Means to Provide Affordable Housing in the Face of Gentrification</em></a>. [Gainesville, Fla.]: University of Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0021792.
"<a href="http://www.hannibalsquareheritagecenter.org/aboutus.html" target="_blank">Welcome</a>." Hannibal Square Heritage Center. http://www.hannibalsquareheritagecenter.org/aboutus.html.
"<a href="http://www.hannibalsquare.com/" target="_blank">Welcome to the Hannibal Square Association</a>." Hannibal Square Association. http://www.hannibalsquare.com/.
Click to View (Movie, Podcast, or Website)
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/files/original/254867a60c37e3bc46fe285fbbefc1d7.mp3" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 4: Gentrification and Urban Renewal: Revitalizing Central Florida’s African American Communities</a>
Date Copyrighted
2011-04-01
Date Issued
2011-04-01
Requires
Multimedia software, such as <a href="http://www.apple.com/quicktime/download/" target="_blank"> QuickTime</a>.
Table Of Contents
0:00:00 Introduction
0:03:40 Founding of Parramore
0:04:22 Effects of integration
0:07:17 William Monroe Wells and the South Street Casino
0:08:35 Interstate Highway 4 and the decline of Parramore
0:12:00 Hannibal Square and Winter Park
0:14:22 Real estate and infrastructure
0:17:33 Revitalization and gentrification
0:27:21 Conclusion
Transcript
<p><strong>Lester<br /></strong>I’m Dr. Connie [L.] Lester, the Director of the RICHES program, and you are listening to the RICHES documentary podcast.</p>
<p>[<em>radio static</em>]</p>
<p><strong>Lester<br /></strong>Welcome to the RICHES documentary podcast. RICHES—the Regional Initiative for Collecting the Histories, Experiences, and Stories of Central Florida—is an umbrella program housing interdisciplinary public history projects that bring together different departments at the University of Central Florida with profit and nonprofit sectors of the community in order to promote the collection and preservation of the region’s history. By facilitating research that records and presents the stories of communities, businesses, and institutions in Central Florida, RICHES seeks to provide the region with a deeper sense of its heritage. This series feature a podcast every two weeks, in the middle and at the end of each month that will explore various aspects of Central Florida history.</p>
<p>In today’s episode, “Gentrification and Urban Renewal: Revitalizing Central Florida’s African-American Communities,” Geoffrey Cravero examines some of the reasons that these once flourishing neighborhoods began to decline, and what city leaders are doing to save these communities.</p>
<p><strong>Cravero<br /></strong>Hi. I’m Geoffrey Cravero, and in today’s episode, “Gentrification and Urban Renewal: Revitalizing Central Florida’s African-American Communities,” we’re gonna be speaking with Representative Geraldine [F.] Thompson and Dr. Benjamin [D.] Brotemarkle about the Parramore district of Downtown Orlando, and Dr. Julian C. Chambliss and Fairolyn Livingston about Hannibal Square, the African-American side of Winter Park, Florida. Central Florida’s African-American community was once relatively prosperous, consisting of a thriving business district, populated by a mix of professionals and working-class families, and in many ways, quite self-sufficient.</p>
<p>This podcast will examine some of the factors that led to the ultimate decline of these regions, the efforts that have gone into restoring them, and the overall effectiveness of those campaigns. Geraldine Thompson has been a representative in the Florida State Legislature since 2006. A former educator and administrator at Valencia Community College, she is also a founder of the Wells’ Built Museum of African American History and Culture.</p>
<p>The Executive Director of the Florida Historical Society, Dr. Brotemarkle has written several books on Florida history and culture, including <em>Crossing Division Street: An Oral History of the African American Community in Orlando</em> and <em>Beyond the Theme Parks: Exploring Central Florida</em>. You might also recognize him as the producer and host of <em>Florida Frontiers</em>, the weekly radio magazine of the Florida Historical Society.</p>
<p>Dr. Julian Chambliss is an associate professor of history at Rollins College, specializing in 19<sup>th</sup> and 20<sup>th</sup> century urban America, African-American history in Florida, race and ethnicity, American planning history, as well, as other topics related to the urban experience.</p>
<p>Born in Hannibal Square, Fairolyn Livingston has spent most of her life in the community, and is now Manager of the Hannibal Square Heritage Center.</p>
<p>I’d like to thank each of our guests for taking the time to speak with us. I asked Representative Thompson and Dr. Brotemarkle to tell us about the rise and fall of Orlando’s Parramore community.</p>
<p><strong>Thompson<br /></strong>Parramore was founded in the 1800s, uh, when the city was just, uh, beginning to form, and it was the location where many African Americans lived initially. The city was separated, as was the case throughout the South, generally by the railroad tracks. You had the, uh, white community on one side and the African-American community on the other side. So, uh, Parramore is just west of the railroad tracks in Downtown Orlando, and the pioneers in the African-American community who made significant contributions to the City [of Orlando] and to Central Florida lived in Parramore.</p>
<p>When the community went through integration at the end of, uh, “legally sanctioned apartheid” —is what I call it—uh, the idea was that, in order to get true integration, you had to close some of the major institutions in Parramore. So you saw the schools, uh, close. Many of the churches also moved out. Uh, the Parramore area had become saturated, and people needed other places to live, and so, uh, places like Washington Shores, the Richmond Heights area, uh, Carver Shores, were established and many people moved to those areas which were, at that time, considered the suburbs, and many of the professionals who lived in Parramore also moved, and so you left behind, uh, people who were, for the most part, renters, who did not own the properties where they lived. Uh, there was very little that was owner-occupied in Parramore—a lot of absentee landlords.</p>
<p>So when you lost the major institutions like your schools, your churches, the professional individuals who had made it the economic and the social hub for African Americans in Central Florida, then an element, uh, of crime began to—to build, and, uh, there were a lot of problems, and quite frankly, a lot of the decision-makers, who were deciding what was going to happen and how Central Florida, uh, would grow, did not really consider Parramore worthy of much of an investment, and so that’s what led to a blighted area for a very long time.</p>
<p>There have been a lot of very effective efforts to bring business back into the community. Uh, there is one charter school now in the community—the Nap Ford [Community] School. Other than Nap Ford, however, there are still no schools in Parramore. The students are bussed out to nine different, uh—different schools in—in the area. Uh, the businesses that have come into the area include, uh, the Bank of America. You now have the Federal Courthouse that is also built in the Parramore area, as well, as the Florida A[gricultural] & M[echnical] University College of Law. Uh, the Wells’ Built Museum, which is in the former Wells’ Built Hotel, um, is celebrating now 10 years—our 10<sup>th</sup> anniversary, and so we have been able to document, and to preserve, and to share a lot of the history of Parramore, which makes people much more aware that it is a significant co—uh, community, and as we revitalize and as we grow, it’s something worth saving.</p>
<p>We are in the process of, uh, restoring the residence of the person who built the Wells’ Built. His name was William Monroe Wells, one of the early African-American physicians here. He came here in 1917, and in addition to a thriving medical practice, he had a social club, which was called the South Street Casino, and he brought, uh, big bands, [Edward] “Duke” [Kennedy] Ellington, [William] “Count” [James] Basie, Ella [Jane] Fitzgerald, to perform at the South Street Casino, which he owned, and after the entertainers, uh, finished performances, they didn’t have a place to stay. So that was his motivation for building a hotel, and, uh, so in addition to refurbishing the Wells’ Built and operating it as a museum of African-American history, we’re now in the process of refurbishing his home, which was located where the new Amway Center, uh, is, And that’s another business that has come into Parramore, which is Downtown Orlando, and so the home was moved rather than, uh, to have it demolished, and we will make it part of the museum complex, and we’ll operate a museum store in Dr. Wells’ residence. So his legacy is alive and well, on South Street.</p>
<p><strong>Brotemarkle<br /></strong>Well, there are many factors that—that led to the demise of the hotel and casino. Uh, first of all, eh, as—as great and wonderful and necessary as the civil rights laws of the 1960s were, once African Americans could move anywhere they wanted to, uh—and this is not unique to the Parramore neighborhood. This happened to communities throughout the South, in particular, uh, but many of the community leaders—that[sic] helped keep the infrastructure of the community together—moved out of the neighborhood. So consequently, in many cases, uh, all that were—were left were the people who couldn’t afford to move anywhere else, and actually, in the case of the Parramore neighborhood, this had actually started a little bit before that in the 1950s. People had started migrating over to the Washington Shores neighborhood in Orlando, but the—the—the civil rights laws definitely contributed to the continued exodus, uh, from the Parramore neighborhood of many of the people, uh—the community leaders. Uh, also, the building of I[nterstate Highway]-4, uh, right through—right by the—the Parramore neighborhood kind of—into that neighborhood, uh, helped to break that up a little bit, as well. Uh, that was, uh, another factor.</p>
<p>Uh, so as these—as the community leaders moved out of the neighborhood, the Parramore neighborhood itself entered, uh, a state of social and economic decline, and, uh, I—I think it is starting to, uh, pull out of it a little bit, and that was really part of the purpose of the Wells’ Built Museum of African American History and Culture—was to be an economic engine for the neighborhood, and hopefully, tap into this cultural and heritage tourism and bring people into the neighborhood for that reason. It is a fascinating era because, uh, again, between—with—with Division Street as the dividing line the—the Parramore neighborhood was really a thriving, self-sustained community, uh, parallel to the—to the white community in Orlando. Uh, here were institutions, Jones High School, uh, many of the churches, uh, that really created a strong fabric. Uh, uh, there was a, uh, uh, African-American chamber of commerce there in the Parramore neighborhood. There were black theatres. There were everything that the community needed right there. Uh, tailors, and—and businesses of all types were right there, and—and of course, the Wells’ Built Hotel and South Street Casino right in the middle of all this—this—this thriving African-American community.</p>
<p>So it’s really an interesting, uh, look at history, and—and also, the unintended negative impact of those civil rights laws in the 1960s, again, as—as wonderful and as necessary as they were, they really did have this—this unintended negative impact when, uh, some of the community leaders moved out, and, again, the building of I-4, kinda right through the heart of the community, and, uh, the East-West Expressway too, meeting right there, uh, caused further problems, uh, but I—I think that the community is—is pulling out of that era of social and economic decline that it suffered in the late 20<sup>th</sup> century, and hopefully the Wells’ Built Museum of African American History and Culture is contributing to that.</p>
<p><strong>Cravero<br /></strong>Dr. Chambliss and Mrs. Livingston describe some of the factors that enabled Hannibal Square and Winter Park to grow into thriving communities, and how this prosperity has affected the development and gentrification of the region.</p>
<p><strong>Chambliss<br /></strong>Well, in that early period, um, Hannibal Square, was, I think, able to grow and be successful because, of the model of, uh, attracting residents, promoting, uh, Winter Park as a sort of like leisure, uh, vacation destination, uh, and this has really become at the core of the identity of Winter Park. If you think about Winter Park over time, it really was founded by [Loring] Chase and [Oliver E.] Chapman as a sort of destination location for people who wanted to sort of live a certain kind of sort of leisurely lifestyle. Well, into, uh, 20<sup>th</sup> century that—that has been maintained.</p>
<p>If you look at the growth of Winter Park, uh, which grew rapidly after, uh—in the 1930s and 1940s and 1950s, like, and the people of Winter Park recognize. It’s part of the reason that it grew is because, like, they really sort of like saw the place as a kind of residential haven, and the fact—by the time you get to the 1950s, um, the city is known as the “City of Homes.” Um, and part of this is because they have like a large number of wealthy residents. Again, those wealthy residents have servants, and some of those servants are working in—in—are black people, uh, working in these white homes and then going back across the railroad tracks to Hannibal Square. So like, they have this steady work from all these rich people and that really does affect Hannibal Square.</p>
<p>At the same time, there’s a number of architectural—James Gamble Rogers is a very well-known architect—really sort of crystallized the architectural identity of Winter Park, with a fresh revival—a Medi—a Mediterranean revival style. So when you look at the homes, there’s a lot of like talk about Winter Park and Park Avenue—really sort of like crystallizes that sort of European style, uh, café culture look, right? And that really starts in 1960, and they really sort of keep trying to promote that. The chamber of commerce does a great job of trying to promote that and maintains it really today. it’s one of the reasons that these places really talk about Winter Park. They tend to talk about it as a place where you just want to kind of like stroll, in sharp contrast to the rest of the sort of retail and vacation experience in the rest of Central Florida, and as a consequence, the growth of the east side of Winter Park has been phenomenal, and the value of land there has grown tremendously, and so much so that by the time you get to the late 1990s, uh, arguably, the east side of Winter Park is built out, alright? So you can’t cheaply acquire land on the east side of Winter Park. You can buy a lot and—and really, we’re talking—we’re talking about the high-end of the real estate bubble, and Winter Park was one of the places where values were extremely high, and so the east side, really, by—by every stretch of the imagination is really sort of built up in value, um, over the period of the town.</p>
<p>The west side, which was the black side—which was sort of like off limits because it was—because of segregation—had lagged behind. It started out with the development of the town, as I—as I said, a sort of economic area where African-American property owners, and—and business owners, and African-American businesses were flourishing in Hannibal Square, but very quickly, with the end of—of official Jim Crow segregation, um, you see middle-class people moving out, and the median income and the median age on the west side of Winter Park really starts to—the income starts to go down. The age starts to go up, and services for the west side don’t keep. in fact, [inaudible] great stories about the fact that the roads, on the west side of Winter Park, weren’t really sort of kept up at the same level as the roads on the east side of Winter Park, And other kinds of infrastructure issues like that, and as a consequence, the value of homes and property on the west side lagged behind that was on the east side of Winter Park. So value of black property lagged behind value of white property, which is common.</p>
<p>As a result of that, there’s a lot of push, um, to do something about the—the view—the view-scape and the housing stock on the west side, and if you go back and look at some of the language that people use in the city council meetings or in some of the things that people are saying when they—they’re pointing to houses that are boarded up, they’re talking about a spike in crime, and indeed, there is a real concern that Hannibal Square, which by this time, is no longer home of like businesses more like light retail and bars and things like that—convenience stores—that are really the haven for—in the minds of white residents, at least—crime and violence. Indeed, there is[sic] the police reports show large number of drug arrests or suspicious crime in the west side in 1980s and early 1990s, and it really sort of spurs on dialogue about what needs to be done to improve the housing stock to clean up Hannibal Square and basically correct this problem, and there are a variety of reasons for this. I mean, some of it was the crime, but also, if you look at the way that the town is laid out, if you’re coming in through[?] the main drag, coming in—off of, like, Orlando Avenue, one of the main sort of like entry points into the city of Winter Park is through, um, Morris [Avenue], and you basically go through the heart of the black community to do that, and if you go back to the 1990s, that looked radically different than it does now.</p>
<p>If you look at it now it looks actually quite nice, ‘cause it’s been rezoned and it—there’s new buildings, uh—office buildings, mix-use stuff—but back then, it—there were homes there, and some of them were boarded up, and the City had routinely had issues or had programs in place where they were trying to address this question, of, like, the quality of housing stock on the west side. They had some housing rehabilitation programs that they created in the 1970s. They supported, of course, you know, the creation of the Winter Park Community Center in Hannibal Square, but really, you know, the economy changed, as I said, and the median age started to creep up.</p>
<p>So you get a large number of elderly people who, eh, own property—been in their family for generations—but they couldn’t keep it up in a way that the City might want, and so—so this created an opportunity for developers to come into, um, the west side and champion sort of a new push to sort of rehabilitate the region, and this made sense from the City’s standpoint, because, like, depressed property is low—low tax property. so if you want to increase your tax base, you want to improve the—the value of the property there—but it also created, like, a high gentri—gentrifying push, because, remember, you can’t cheaply build anything on the east side of town. So for most developers, they’re really looking to do a big project. they kind of have to do it on the west side of town. They had to do it west of the railroad tracks.</p>
<p>So in the late 1990s and the ear—early 2000s, the City of Winter Park creates a Community Redevelopment Agency—the CRA—and the sort of focal point of the CRA is the sort of box that is bordered by Park Avenue on the east, Webster Avenue on the north, and, like, [U.S. Route] 17-92, and then Fairbanks [Avenue]. So it’s a huge block, and basically it’s Park Avenue and Downtown Winter Park, and the black side of town. So that’s a huge swath of land, and it—it’s prime real estate that could be developed, but is also, primarily, the heart of the black community, and almost immediately, large numbers of residents in the black community recognized that the City’s efforts to improve the area of the CRA was going to push out the black community. Now, from the City’s standpoint, the City’s always maintained that its goal was to maintain the character of the black community or the character of Hannibal Square, but if you’re going to allow traditional market forces to be your primary vehicle to achieve this, then gentrifying effects are almost unavoidable.</p>
<p>You can’t, as the city’s done—like the city’s done a, uh, sort of three-tier sort of approach. It’s provided loans for businesses to move into Hannibal Square. It totally redesigned, um, Shady Park, which is in the center of Hannibal Square, in response to some of the crime and complaints of some of the businesses that were being enticed into the—into the area, because of the CRA. So the old part was—had a lot of benches and—and shading covers, and—and older people would hang out there and talk, and the new park sort of took all that away, and is much more aesthetically pleasing, but is also a place where you can’t really linger, which made a lot of sense, in terms of trying to address some of these questions about crime and—and—and disruption associated with that area—um, but they also worked very diligently to eliminate some of the bars, some of the focal points of crime, and that was successful. They moved in new businesses so that Dexter’s on Winter Park, uh—Dexter’s a fairly well-known restaurant chain in the area—where it became like really an anchor and they created a parking lot for it, and then a number of other businesses—light retail, service-oriented, and restaurant businesses—moved in, and of course there was a train—a change in the infrastructure or the sort of decorative infrastructure of the street. So like you had the decorative brick put in, and, like, new lightening-like fixtures—so basically, extending the feel and look of Park Avenue, down New England [Avenue] into, uh, the heart of the community, which was Hannibal Square.</p>
<p>Of course, African Americans felt and, I think, some of them continue to feel that that process is deliberately pushing them out, and they have a point, because once all that—all that was in place, one of the things that started happening is that the—the tax assessment for the area started to change. People had previously—been sort of locked at a tax assessment of like, you know, a very low number. Everything gets reassessed when a large number of businesses start moving in. So these are older people. Remember, the demographics of the area are that the older people are staying and younger people are moving out. So the old people tend to be on fixed incomes, and pensions, living off their retirement savings. So a big hit, in terms of—“I used to pay $500 in taxes. Now, I’m paying a thousand.” It’s a huge deal, and because the property on the west side, as I said, had not kept up with property on the east side, there was a new assessment on all the value of the property. So people were being offered you know, two, three, four times what they bought the property for originally—and to move out—and some of them were, and this is one of the things that really sort of like characterized the region.</p>
<p>So, um, at the height of the real estate bubble, there was tremendous gentrifying pressure on Hannibal Square, and lots of developers were active in the area, and probably the most famous ones was Dan Bellows, who’s usually associated with the transformation of Hannibal Square. he has a number of big projects, and, you know, sort of mixed-use with retail on the bottom and residential on the top, and that really sort of, like, changed the nature of the community, and Bellows is often painted as a boogeyman, and there are a number of stories associated with him, but he’s sort of emblematic of a kind of push to create new construction in the area, in part because that’s the place where you can with relatively minimal investment do something big, and that has been the sort of overriding problem for the west side for many years.</p>
<p>There has been, for well over a decade—I mean, since the late 1990s, I think, there’s been a sort of push to—“There’s going to be the in here. I want to improve the west side. I want to bring more businesses here,” and as a result, uh, longtime residents have, um, sort of been displaced. There are new businesses there, but they don’t really cater to the residents, or nor do they really employ the residents, which is also really problematic. I mean, you don’t really see west side residents going to eat at Dexter’s. So from a sort of symbolic standpoint, African Americans feel that they’re being pushed down, and from an economic standpoint, there are push and pull factors that are hastening the exit of African Americans in the area.</p>
<p><strong>Livingston<br /></strong>Leading up to, uh, the Civil Rights Movement and even probably as early as 19—late 1940s, after the, uh—World War II, the job market begin[sic] to change a bit. More opportunities will open up for, uh—for Afro-Americans. Many Afro –Americans, uh, went away—military, school, whatever the case may be—and didn’t come back, because they felt there was nothing here for them, outside of service to somebody else. They wanted to have real careers and—and—and do big things in the world, and as a result of that, the community began to age, if you will, and certainly after the Civil Rights Movement and—and moving forward, many more of our young people are moving away, because they feel that they don’t have access or they can’t make it in this area in—in—in Winter Park, you know?</p>
<p>It’s been a painful process for them. Generally, uh, when you’re talking gentrification, between the original people who were in a place, and the wealthier people who come into the place, there’s usually a group—a group in between, but for us, we went—we went—we went right from, um, families being displaced to a business area that really doesn’t have any services that local people find of service to themselves. So gentrification’s been a hurtful process, because when people come in to redevelop, they don’t come in to redevelop for the people who are there. They don’t get input from the people in the community, because that’s not what’s gonna drive the dollar, you know? Nobody’s gonna come in and put in affordable housing or affordable rental units outside of a group such as Habitat for Humanity, who’s doing a great job, and the Hannibal Square Community Land Trust. Uh, people felt that they were just pushed aside, and the most painful thing was the picture that was painted of the neighborhood. That’s what they did. They just [inaudible] and made it like a noose, and put it around the necks of the people in this neighborhood, and pulled the chair.</p>
<p>See, some people have been injured over and over and over again. They were injured during slavery. Then, after Reconstruction, they were injured again, and then, Jim Crow came along, and they were injured. So they’ve been injured over and over, and when you keep injuring people, and they[?] don’t get a chance to heal, it—it can really do something to—to them. You know, even though on the outside, they look cold, and they’re moving forward, and they’re doing things, there’s still a pain in their souls that is just almost undescribable[sic].</p>
<p><strong>Cravero<br /></strong>I’d like to thank our guests, Representative Thompson, Dr. Brotemarkle, Dr. Chambliss, and Mrs. Livingston for joining our discussion. I’m Geoffrey Cravero. Thank you for listening.</p>
<p><strong>Lester<br /></strong>Thank you for listening to the RICHES documentary podcast. Feel free to contact us with any questions or comments on the program that you just heard. Please join us for the next episode, “[Episode 5:] A History of Gay Days.”</p>
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African American
African-American community
African-American neighborhood
Amway Center
apartheid
Bank of America
Basie, William James "Count"
Bellows, Dan
Beyond the Theme Parks: Exploring Central Florida
Brotemarkle, Benjamin D.
Carver Shores
casino
Chambliss, Julian C.
Chapman, Oliver E.
Chase, Loring
civil rights
Civil Rights Movement
Community Redevelopment Agency
CRA
Cravero, Geoffrey
crime
Crossing Division Street: An Oral History of the African-American Community in Orlando
desegregation
Dexter's
displacement
doctor
documentary
Downtown Orlando
East Winter Park
elderly
Ellington, Edward Kennedy "Duke"
ethnicity
Faribanks Avenue
federal courthouse
FHS
Fitzgerald, Ella James
Florida A&M University
Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University
Florida Frontiers
Florida Historical Society
Florida House of Representatives
Florida Legislature
gentrification
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Hannibal Square
Hannibal Square Community Land Trust
heritage
historic preservation
historic restoration
HOTEL
I-4
integration
Interstate Highway 4
Jones High School
legislature
Lester, Connie L.
Livingston, Fairolyn
Mediterranean revival architecture
Morris Avenue
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Nap Ford Community School
orlando
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park
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podcast
preservation
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RICHES Podcast Documentaries
Richmond Heights
Rogers, James Gamble
Rollins College
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segregation
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South Street Casino
taxes
Thompson, Gerladine F.
tourist
U.S. 17-92
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urban development
urban renewal
Valencia Community College
VCC
Washington Shores
Webster Avenue
Wells, William Monroe
Wells' Built Hotel
Wells' Built Museum of African American History and Culture
West Winter Park
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Winter Park Community Center
World War II
WWII