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                  <text>Jazz Collection</text>
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                  <text>Jazz Collection</text>
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                  <text>Music--United States</text>
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                  <text>Jazz--United States</text>
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                  <text>Orlando (Fla.)</text>
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                  <text>Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of jazz in Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around.&#13;
&#13;
The roots of jazz music began in the fields of the American South, as African-American slaves sang “call-and-response” work songs and “spirituals” to help them get through the brutal hours of forced labor. As Europeans immigrated to American cities in the late 19th century, they brought their musical traditions with them, and soon African-American musicians, such as Ernest Hogan and Scott Joplin, combined these styles with polyrhythmic African music, creating ragtime. New Orleans was an especially diverse cultural melting pot and became a place for musical experimentation by the early 1910s. European music merged with blues, folk, marching band music, and ragtime, creating a new genre called “jazz.”&#13;
&#13;
By the 1920s, the First Great Migration brought millions of African Americans to the urban Northeast and Midwest. Young, white Americans became enamored with jazz and blues music and the genre was soon being played on radio stations, at dancehalls, and in homes across the country. New York City, Kansas City, and Chicago began to establish their own styles of jazz. Big band swing became the most popular style of American music in the 1930s and 1940s.&#13;
&#13;
The most definitive feature of jazz is improvisation. The Great Depression forced many bands to cut down in size, leaving more space for intricate melodies and room for exploration. Bebop, which emerged in New York in the early 1940s, was aimed at a listening audience, rather than a dancing one, and became known as “musician’s music.” Bebop paved the way for Afro-Cuban and Latin jazz in the 1950s, when musicians, such as Dizzy Gillespie and Duke Ellington, incorporated Latin rhythms by playing with Cuban musicians in New York. The popularity of rock music in the 1960s and 1970s led to jazz-rock fusion, which combined improvisation with rock rhythms and amplified instruments. By the 1980s, smooth jazz emerged, creating a commercial form of the genre that drew criticism from many purists, who felt that the musicians were more concerned with making money than creating art with substance.&#13;
&#13;
Although Florida might not be as closely associated with jazz as cities like New Orleans, Chicago, and New York City, it has made significant contributions nonetheless. Afro-Cuban jazz developed simultaneously in New York City and Havana in the early 1940s, and Florida’s Cuban immigrants had a profound cultural impact on areas like Miami and Tampa. Since its foundation in 1979, the annual Jacksonville Jazz Festival has become one of the most popular jazz festivals in the country, featuring some of the top names in the genre, such as Dizzy Gillespie, Miles Davis, Count Basie, George Benson, and Herbie Hancock. The Clearwater Jazz Holiday began around the same time and has also evolved into a major international jazz festival. In addition to the legendary Sam Rivers, who moved to Orlando in the early 1990s and continued to perform until his death in 2011, Florida has been the home to a number of prominent jazz musicians, including Cedric Wallace, Ira Sullivan, George Tucker, Nathen Page, Alfred “Pee Wee” Ellis, Jackie Davis, Rich Matteson, Jeff Rupert, and the University of Central Florida’s Jazz Professors.&#13;
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                  <text>&lt;a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;WUCF-FM&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/140" target="_blank"&gt;Central Florida Music History Collection&lt;/a&gt;, RICHES of Central Florida.</text>
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                  <text>Arturo Sandoval Jazz Club, Deauville Beach Resort, Miami Beach, Florida</text>
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                  <text>Young Musicians Camp, University of Miami, Miami, Florida</text>
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                  <text>Cepero, Laura</text>
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                  <text>Cravero, Geoffrey</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES MI&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Alkyer, Frank. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/319491298" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt; DownBeat--the Great Jazz Interviews: A 75th Anniversary Anthology&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Hal Leonard, 2009.</text>
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                  <text>Gioia, Ted. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/36245922" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;The History of Jazz&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.</text>
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                  <text>Ward, Geoffrey C., and Ken Burns. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42404676" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Jazz: A History of America's Music&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2000.</text>
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                <text>WUCF Artisodes Short: Jazz Fest</text>
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                <text>Noble "Thin Man" Watts (1926-2004) was a blues and jazz saxophonist from DeLand, Florida, who worked with some of the biggest names in jazz, blues, and rock, including Buddy Holly (1936-1959), Dinah Washington (1924-1963), Jerry Lee Lewis (b. 1935), Lionel Hampton (1908-2002), Chuck Berry (b. 1926), Johnny Mathis (b. 1935), and the Everly Brothers. Watts moved back to DeLand in the mid-1960s, where he remained until his death in 2004. The "Thin Man" Watts Jazz Festival began earlier that year and has continued to grow in the years since.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;WUCF-TV is a Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) television station serving the Central Florida television market. The station, operated by the University of Central Florida, is the region's sole PBS member station, reaching an estimated population of 4.6 million people in its aerial viewing area. Arts and culture take center stage in WUCF-TV's weekly local series: "WUCF Artisodes." Each episode airs Thursdays at 8 p.m., featuring a local artist or initiative, as well as stories on the arts from across the country. Developed in partnership with 28 PBS stations nationwide, this series is part of WUCF-TV's mission to give everyone a front-row seat to the arts.</text>
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                <text>Original 5-minute and 2-second audio/video recording of Jazz Fest, &lt;a href="http://www.wucftv.org/home/" target="_blank"&gt;WUCF-TV&lt;/a&gt;, Orlando, Florida, April 21, 2014: WUCF-TV, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://java.com/en/download/index.jsp" target="_blank"&gt; Java&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/141" target="_blank"&gt;Jazz Collection&lt;/a&gt;, Central Florida Music History Collection, RICHES of Central Florida</text>
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                <text> African American Museum of the Arts, DeLand, Florida</text>
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                <text>Watts, Noble "Thin Man"</text>
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                <text>DaVinci Jazz Experiment</text>
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                <text>Mark Hodgson &amp;amp; the Cosmic Blues Trio</text>
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                <text>ca. 2015-01-29</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES MI&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Dahl, Bill. "&lt;a href="http://www.allmusic.com/artist/noble-thin-man-watts-mn0000408965/biography" target="_blank"&gt;Noble 'Thin Man' Watts&lt;/a&gt;." AllMusic.com. http://www.allmusic.com/artist/noble-thin-man-watts-mn0000408965/biography (Accessed March 31, 2015).</text>
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                <text>African American Museum of the Arts. "&lt;a href="http://www.wattsjazzfest.com/" target="_blank"&gt;Thin Man Watts Jazz Fest&lt;/a&gt;." WattsJazzFest.com http://www.wattsjazzfest.com/ (Accessed March 31, 2015)</text>
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                <text>"&lt;a href="http://www.wucftv.org/local-programs/artisodes/" target="_blank"&gt;WUCF Artisodes&lt;/a&gt;." WUCFTV.org. http://www.wucftv.org/local-programs/artisodes/ (Accessed April 6, 2015).</text>
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                  <text>Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of rock music in Central Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around.&#13;
&#13;
Rock music is uniquely American, emerging in the late 1940s and 1950s, with the influence of African-American blues, jazz, boogie woogie, and gospel, mixed with predominantly white country and Western swing music. This hybrid genre helped define a generation, breaking down color barriers in the South by merging African musical traditions with European instrumentation. The popularization of rock music coincided with the African-American Civil Rights Movement, which sought to end racial segregation and discrimination in the South. The sudden interest of white teens in black “race music” provoked a backlash among traditionalists and Americans found themselves in the middle of a “culture war.” The counterculture youth of the 1950s and 1960s rejected many of the mainstream cultural standards of their parents’ generation, especially in regards to race. &#13;
&#13;
During the First and Second Great Migration of the 20th century, African Americans and whites began living in closer proximity to one another, more so than ever before, resulting in both races emulating the other’s style in fashion, art, and music. Rock music influenced the language, attitudes, ideas, and trends of a generation. The genre continued to evolve, incorporating new elements with each subsequent decade. During the 1960s, the subgenres of folk rock, jazz rock, country rock, blues rock, psychedelic rock, glam rock, and progressive rock emerged. Musicians in the 1970s and 1980s created punk rock, Southern rock, heavy metal, new wave, and alternative rock. By the 1990s, artist continued to expand the genre by creating rap rock, reggae rock, grunge, and indie rock.&#13;
&#13;
Florida has been at the heart of rock music and the “culture war” since the 1950s. The recording industry was actively making rock records in Tampa during the 1960s and in Miami during the 1970s. Gram Parsons, a native of Winter Haven, is credited as the father of the country rock movement of the late 1960s, and Southern rock emerged from Jacksonville during the 1970s and 1980s, with bands such as the Allman Brothers Band, Lynyrd Skynyrd, the Outlaws, and Molly Hatchet. These contributions played an integral part in the history of rock music.&#13;
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                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/140" target="_blank"&gt;Central Florida Music History Collection&lt;/a&gt;, RICHES of Central Florida.</text>
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                  <text>Bob Carr Theater, Orlando, Florida</text>
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                  <text>Enzian Theater, Maitland, Florida</text>
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                  <text>Great Southern Music Hall, Orlando, Florida</text>
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                  <text>Tangerine Bowl, Orlando, Florida</text>
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                  <text>Cepero, Laura</text>
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                  <text>Cravero, Geoffrey</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES MI&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Altschuler, Glenn C. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/51518334" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;All Shook Up: How Rock 'n' Roll Changed America&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.</text>
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                  <text>Fisher, Marc. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/69594101" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Something in the Air: Radio, Rock, and the Revolution That Shaped a Generation&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Random House, 2007.</text>
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                  <text>Studwell, William E., and D. F. Lonergan. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/41090615" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;The Classic Rock and Roll Reader: Rock Music from Its Beginnings to the Mid-1970s&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Haworth Press, 1999.</text>
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                <text>A ticket stub for a concert featuring Kenny G (b. 1956) at the Bob Carr Theater on November 23, 1987, at 8 p.m. The ticket price was $17.50, including tax, and the concert was presented by Fantasma and Villa Nova. The Bob Carr Theater has been a center for performing arts since 1926 and is located at 401 West Livingston Street in Orlando, Florida.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kenny G is an American soprano saxophonist who plays adult contemporary and smooth jazz music. He is the biggest-selling instrumental musician of the modern era, selling over 75 million records. </text>
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                <text>Original ticket stub: Private Collection of Julie Wahl.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/142" target="_blank"&gt;Rock Collection&lt;/a&gt;, Central Florida Music History Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.</text>
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                <text>Copyright to this resource is held by Julie Wahl and is provided here by &lt;a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES of Central Florida&lt;/a&gt; for educational purposes only.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/"&gt;RICHES MI&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Yanow, Scott. "&lt;a href="http://www.allmusic.com/artist/kenny-g-mn0000068934/biography" target="_blank"&gt;Kenny G Biography&lt;/a&gt;." AllMusic.com. http://www.allmusic.com/artist/kenny-g-mn0000068934/biography (accessed February 23, 2015).</text>
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