Commemorating the Opening of a Museum Honor George Westinghouse
Westinghouse Electric Corporation
Museums--United States
A brochure of commemorative images published in 1988 as part of the celebration of the dedication of the George Westinghouse Museum, located in Wilmerding, Pennsylvania. The historic building, colloquially called The Castle, selected to house the museum was the original Westinghouse Air Brake Company General Office Building and the office of the great American inventor, engineer, and entrepreneur himself.<br /><br />George Westinghouse (1846-1914) served in the American Civil War as a teenager. Afterwards, at the age of 19, he created his first invention, a rotary steam engine. In 1869, at age 22, Westinghouse invented a railroad braking system using compressed air, and this became the basis of his first major business venture, the Westinghouse Air Brake Company. His important contributions to electric power generation, distribution and application began later in the 19th century. This brochure highlights the career of Westinghouse and his great accomplishments.
Original 14-page brochure, 1988: Private Collection of Harry L. Jaeger.
Jaeger, Harry L.
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George Westinghouse Museum, Wilmerding, Pennsylvania
Great Barrington, Massachusetts
Chicago, Illinois
Niagara Falls
Westinghouse Air Brake Company General Office Building, Wilmerding, Pennsylvania
The Famous "Robert E. Lee," Loading Cotton Postcard
Steamboats--United States
Cotton--United States.
A postcard depicting the <em>Robert E. Lee</em> loading cotton on the docks in New Orleans, Louisiana. The steamboat operated in 1866 and won a famous race against the <em>Natchez</em> in 1870. The <em>Robert E. Lee</em> caught fire in 1882 and 21 passengers were killed.<br /><br />This postcard is part of a collection of postcards kept by Lucile Campbell, a schoolteacher in Sanford, Florida, for 30 years. In 1931, she took advantage of a special rate for teachers and sailed to Europe, where she traveled for several months and is thought to have acquired many of these postcards. During the 1940-1941 school year, Campbell taught at Sanford Grammar School. Before her retirement in 1970, she taught at many other area schools, including the Oviedo School, Westside Grammar School, and Pinecrest Elementary School. Campbell used these postcards as aids in her classrooms to teach advanced subjects, such as Shakespearean drama. The collection, along with her other teaching aids, papers, and photographs, was later found at Sanford Grammar School after it became the University of Central Florida's Public History Center. Campbell's postcard collection and photographs provide insight into the life of a respected Florida educator.
Hirschwitz, A.
Original 3 x 5 inch color postcard by A. Hirschwitz: ACC# SM-00-243, file folder 1 (U.S. blanks), box 10A, Lucile (Mary Lucile) Campbell Collection, <a href="http://www.publichistorycenter.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">UCF Public History Center</a>, Sanford, Florida.
Curt Teich and Company
Campbell, Lucile
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New Orleans, Louisiana
The PICO Hotel, Restaurant, and Stores
Sanford (Fla.)
Hotels--Florida
Restaurants--Florida
Retail industry
The historic marker for the PICO Hotel, located at 209 North Oak Avenue in Sanford, Florida. The building was constructed in 1887 for Henry B. Plant (1819-1899), President of the Plant Investment Company (PICO). The onion-shaped dome located on the southwest corner of the roof resembled a Turkish minaret. The dome was destroyed by a severe thunderstorm in the 1950s and was never replaced. The PICO Hotel served as the terminal hotel for a railroad and two steamship lines owned by Plant. One of the hotel's famous guests was President Calvin Coolidge (1872-1933), who spent the night at the PICO Hotel during his visit to Sanford.
Original historic marker, December 19, 2010.
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PICO Hotel, Sanford, Florida
Anchor Line Direct Steam Communication Between Granton, Norway, and Sweden
Steamboats--Florida
Advertisement for the Anchor Line of the Henderson Brothers steamship company. The Anchor Line first appeared in advertisements in 1852 for N and R Handyside and Company. Overseen by Captain Thomas Henderson, who first proposed a line between Scotland and America, the Anchor Line began steamship service from Glasgow, Scotland, to New York City, New York, in 1856. At the same time, Henderson formed a partnership with the Handyside brothers, thus creating Handyside and Henderson. Though the company started slowly, by 1866 it had expanded and was offering regular sailings to the Mediterranean, Calcutta, Bombay, and Scandinavia, as well as its transatlantic line to the United States.<br /><br />At its height, the Anchor Line became a major carrier of European emigrants traveling to the United States. This particular advertisement advertises a line between Scotland, or Scotia, and several Scandinavian cities, including Gothenburg, Sweden, and Christianssand, Norway. It is unclear what connection the Anchor Line had to Henry Shelton Sanford, though it is possible that the Anchor Line was the shipping company used to transport a group of Swedish immigrants hired by Sanford to provide manual labor on his Florida properties, particularly his two citrus groves, St. Gertrude's and Belair. This possibility is made more plausible by the fact that, as the advertisement indicated, the company had an office located in Gothenburg, a major port city linked to sea-based shipping and travel. In May of 1871, Sanford brought 33 migrants from Sweden to work in Sanford. The Swedish workers, 26 men and 7 women, cost Sanford $75 each. According to the work contracts, Sanford was to provide housing and rations for each worker as well as a parcel of land for those satisfactorily completing their one-year contracts, Sanford hired an additional 20 Swedes later that year, in November of 1871.
Original advertisement: box 52, folder 1, subfolder 52.1.4, Henry Shelton Sanford Papers, General Henry S. Sanford Memorial Library, <a href="http://www.sanfordfl.gov/index.aspx?page=456" target="_blank">Sanford Museum</a>, Sanford, Florida.
Henderson Brothers
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Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
Granton, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
Kristiansand, Norway
Christiania, Copenhagen, Denmark
Gothenburg, Sweden
Handyside and Henderson Anchor Steamship Line Schedule
Steamboats--Florida
An advertisement for the Anchor Line of the steamship company Handyside and Henderson. The Anchor Line first appeared in advertisements in 1852 for N and R Handyside and Company. Overseen by Captain Thomas Henderson, who first proposed a line between Scotland and America, the Anchor Line began steamship service from Glasgow, Scotland, to New York City, New York, in 1856. At the same time, Henderson formed a partnership with the Handyside brothers, thus creating Handyside and Henderson. Though the company started slowly, by 1866 it had expanded and was offering regular sailings to the Mediterranean, Calcutta, Bombay, and Scandinavia, as well as its transatlantic line to the United States.<br /><br />At its height, the Anchor Line became a major carrier of European emigrants traveling to the United States. It is unclear what connection the Anchor Line had to Henry Shelton Sanford, though it is possible that the Anchor Line was the shipping company used to transport a group of Swedish immigrants hired by Sanford to provide manual labor on his Florida properties, particularly his two citrus groves, St. Gertrude's and Belair. This possibility is made more plausible by the fact that, as the advertisement indicated, the company had an office located in Gothenburg, Sweden, a major port city linked to sea-based shipping and travel. In May of 1871, Sanford brought 33 migrants from Sweden to work in Sanford. The Swedish workers, 26 men and 7 women, cost Sanford $75 each. According to the work contracts, Sanford was to provide housing and rations for each worker as well as a parcel of land for those satisfactorily completing their one-year contracts, Sanford hired an additional 20 Swedes later that year, in November of 1871.
Original advertisement: box 52, folder 1, subfolder 52.1.3, Henry Shelton Sanford Papers, General Henry S. Sanford Memorial Library, <a href="http://www.sanfordfl.gov/index.aspx?page=456" target="_blank">Sanford Museum</a>, Sanford, Florida.
Handyside & Henderson
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Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
Georgetown Pathways to History Project Heritage Marker #3
Sanford (Fla.)
Georgetown (Sanford, Fla.)
Heritage Marker #3 of the Georgetown Pathways to History Project, which was developed by the Georgetown Heritage Advisory Committee with assistance from the Sanford Museum and Sanford Historical Society. Georgetown was established by the city's founder, Henry Shelton Sanford (1823-1891, as a suburb for African-American residents in the 1870s. The neighborhood spans along Sanford Avenue, with its commercial district between First Street and Fifth Street and its historic district between Seventh Street and Tenth Street. Though originally much smaller, Georgetown spanned to its present boundaries from East Second Street to Celery Avenue and from Sanford Avenue to Mellonville Avenue. Georgetown thrived at its height from circa 1880 to 1940, particularly in agriculture and transportation.<br /><br />Special thanks for Heritage Marker #3 was given to Patricia Ann Black (1956-), the daughter of Pilgrim Black (1905-2002) and Lula Mae Haynes Black (1917-2007). Her father, Pilgrim, was featured on the marker. Pilgrim was born in 1905, although some records list 1907 as his birth year. Pilgrim and Lula Mae Haynes (1917-2007) Black were migrant crew leaders, and thus migrated to Wayne County in Upstate New York in the summers and back to their home in Sanford for the rest of the year. Pilgrim was the son of Harry Black (d. 1911) and Maggie Benjamin Black (ca. 1870-ca. 1934), who migrated to Sanford from South Carolina in the 1800s. Harry and Maggie had several children: Leckward Black, Mustar Black, Malachi Black, Leatha Black Walker (1889-1976), Pilgrim Black, Margaret Black Jones (1889-1976), and Harriett Black Lawson. In 1911, Harry owned a grocery store at 206 South Sanford Avenue. One day, he came home from work with pneumonia and passed away shortly thereafter. Pilgrim was nine years old when his father passed away. Maggie was the daughter of former slaves, Isaac and Roseanna Benjamin, and the sister of Nathan Benjamin, Pledge Benjamin, Sam Benjamin, Loui Benjamin, Chainey Benjamin, Lara Benjamin, Melvina Benjamin, and Katie Benjamin. <br /><br />Pilgrim had to quit school at age 11 in order to provide for his mother, originally working in a mill house until he was 18 years old. After declining a management position, he traveled to Wayne County to pick cherries, apples, pears, and other crops. He broke a bone after falling from an apple tree his first year and decided to try farm labor on a potato farm in Red Creek, New York, instead. Don Holdridge, the farmer who owned the land, noted Pilgrim's high rate of productivity and offered him a management position supervising up to thirty workers at once, which he accepted. While in Sanford, Pilgrim also worked as a foreman in Sanford for Chase & Company for over 30 years. He married Lula in 1937 and they had several children together, including Vivian Louise Black (1940-); Lula Yvonne Black (1942-); Charles Samuel Black (1945-); Pilgrim Black, Jr. (ca. 1947-), and Patricia Ann Black.
Georgetown Heritage Advisory Committee
Original color marker by the Georgetown Heritage Advisory Committee, 2014: <a href="http://www.sanfordfl.gov/index.aspx?page=66" target="_blank">Department of Recreation</a>, City of Sanford, Sanford, Florida.
<a href="http://www.sanfordfl.gov/index.aspx?page=66" target="_blank">Department of Recreation</a>, City of Sanford
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Georgetown, Sanford, Florida
A History of Central Florida, Episode 17: Travel Dining
Steamboats
St. Johns River (Fla.)
Silver Springs (Fla.)
Tourism--Florida
Railroads--Florida
Sanford (Fla.)
Winter Garden (Fla.)
Episode 17 of A History of Central Florida podcasts: Travel Dining. A History of Central Florida Podcast series explores Central Florida's history through the artifacts found in local area museums and historical societies. These podcasts can involve the participation or cooperation of local area partners.<br /><br />Episode 17 features a discussion of a travel dining on steamships in Central Florida. This podcast also includes interviews with Dr. Mark Howard Long of the University of Central Florida, Dr. Tracy J. Revels of Wofford College, and Philip Cross of the National Railway Historical Society.
Dickens, Bethany
Original 12-minute and 42-second podcast by Bethany Dickens, 2014: "A History of Central Florida, Episode 17: Travel Dining." <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">A History of Central Florida</a>, Orlando, Florida.
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>
Long, Mark Howard
Revels, Tracy J.
Cross, Philip
Cassanello, Robert
Clarke, Bob
Ford, Chip
Gibson, Ella
Kelley, Katie
Velásquez, Daniel
Hazen, Kendra
<a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/%20target=">Museum of Seminole County History</a>
<a href="http://www.wghf.org/cfrailroad%20target=">Central Florida Railroad Museum</a>
<a href="http://www.loc.gov/" target="_blank">Library of Congress</a>
<a href="http://www.floridamemory.com/" target="_blank">Florida Memory Project</a>
video/mp4
eng
Moving Image
Silver Springs, Florida
Museum of Seminole County History, Sanford, Florida
Central Florida Railroad Museum, Winter Garden, Florida
Letter from E. R. Trafford to Henry Shelton Sanford (March 29, 1883)
Suwannee County (Fla.)
Sanford, Henry S. (Henry Shelton), 1823-1891
Beck, James B. (James Burnie), 1822-1890
Sanford (Fla.)
Citrus--Florida
Disston, Hamilton, 1844-1896
A letter from E. R. Trafford to Henry Shelton Sanford (1823-1891), dated March 29, 1883. Among other topics, Trafford noted the withdrawal of state lands from market near Suwannee County, Florida. He also informed Sanford that Senator Beck was in Enterprise and would be "over [at Sanford, Florida] tomorrow." He was presumably referring to Senator James B. Beck (1822-1890), a Democratic Senator from the state of Kentucky and member of Senate Committee on Transportation Routes to the Seaboard. The letter also mentioned that there were "five steamers at the Wharf."<br /><br />Trafford was a company agent for the Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) from 1882 to 1886. The FLCC was a joint-stock venture that invested in Florida land development and sales in the 1880s and early 1890s. The company was formed by Henry Shelton Sanford with help from a group of British investors. The original impetus for the company's formation was Sanford's inability to continue his land acquisition and development efforts in Florida independently. Located at 13 Austin Friars, the company was officially registered in London on June 10, 1880. With the formation of the FLCC, all of Henry Sanford's Florida properties were transferred to the company in exchange for a £10,000 cash payment and another £50,000 in company stock. Sanford was named President and Chairman of the Board.In 1880, the company owned 26,000 acres scattered across Florida, including in the cities of Jacksonville, St. Augustine, and Sanford, as well as in Alachua County and Marion County.<br /><br />Almost from the outset, there was serious friction between the British board members and Henry Sanford. Disagreements erupted over business strategy, as Sanford frequently proposed initiatives deemed too bold for the cautious British investors. From 1882 to 1892, the company saw steady, if meager, profits. Most of its income came from the sale of lots in the city of Sanford. From 1885 until 1890, the company, while remaining solvent, continued to see declining profits. From 1886 to 1890, the profits were so modest that the company declined to pay dividends on its yearly profits. Needed improvements and developments in the city of Sanford during the late 1880s sapped much of the company's income. Following Henry Sanford's death in 1891, many of the investors lost the motivation to continue. On September 15, 1892, the various directors acted to dissolve the company. Its assets, including roughly 65,000 acres of Florida land, were divided among shareholders.
Trafford, E. R.
Original letter from E. R. Trafford to Henry Shelton Sanford, March 29, 1883: box 54, folder 18, subfolder 54.18.4, Henry Shelton Sanford Papers, General Henry S. Sanford Memorial Library, <a href="http://www.sanfordfl.gov/index.aspx?page=456" target="_blank">Sanford Museum</a>, Sanford, Florida.
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Sanford, Florida
Enterprise, Deltona, Florida
Lake Kissimmee, Florida