1 100 15 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/7659dba15acb33ae36f881aaa934bbfa.pdf 386ee2357873193236891eb74e63bda4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Oviedo Historical Society Collection Alternative Title Oviedo Historical Society Collection Subject Oviedo (Fla). Description The Oviedo Historical Society Collection encompasses historical artifacts donated for digitization at the Oviedo Historical Society's History Harvest in the Spring semester of 2015. The Oviedo Historical Society was organized in November 1973 by a group of citizens. The society is a 501(3) non-profit organization. Its purpose is to help preserve the community identity of Oviedo by collecting and disseminating knowledge about local history, serve as a repository for documents and artifacts relating to Oviedo history, promote the preservation and marking of historic sites and buildings in the Oviedo area and foster interest in local, state, national, and world history. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/128" target="_blank">Oviedo Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Oviedo, Florida Contributing Project <a href="http://oviedohs.com/" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society</a> <a href="http://history.cah.ucf.edu/staff.php?id=304" target="_blank">Dr. Connie L. Lester</a>'s Introduction to Public History course, Spring 2015 Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="http://oviedohs.com/" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society</a>." Oviedo Historical Society, Inc. http://oviedohs.com/. Adicks, Richard, and Donna M. Neely. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5890131" target="_blank">Oviedo, Biography of a Town</a>. S.l: s.n.], 1979. Robison, Jim. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/796757419" target="_blank">Around Oviedo</a>. 2012. "<a href="http://www.cityofoviedo.net/node/68" target="_blank">History</a>." City of Oviedo, Florida. http://www.cityofoviedo.net/node/68. "<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/audio/Ep41-Oviedo.mp3" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 41: Oviedo, with Dr. Richard Adicks</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/audio/Ep41-Oviedo.mp3. Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format 3-page typewritten document Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Happy Birthday Oviedo Woman's Club Alternative Title Oviedo Woman's Club Birthday Subject Oviedo (Fla.) Clubs--United States Description A history written by Helen Leinhart chronicling the history of the Oviedo Woman's Club (OWC), which was founded in 1906 as the Oviedo Magazine Club by seven charter members: H. B. McCall, Edith Meade, Georgia Lee Wheeler, Lillian Lee Lawton, Mattie Aulin Wheeler, Milcah Yonge, and Mary King. The first clubhouse was constructed in 1914 and also served as Oviedo's first library. In 1916, the club joined the FFWC and officially changed its name to the Oviedo Woman's Club. In 1923, the woman's club was federated under the umbrella of the General Federation of Woman's Clubs (GFWC). A new clubhouse was built in 1961 on property donated by R. L. Croom, a former member, which is located at 414 King Street. The Oviedo Woman's Club is involved in many civic projects, including the annual Great Day in the Country Arts and Crafts Festival, the Spring Fundraiser, Tasting Luncheons, and Celebrate Spring Teas. Type Text Source Original document by Helen Leinhart, 1972: Private Collection of Beatrice Gestrich. Requires <a href="http://www.adobe.com/products/reader.html" target="_blank">Adobe Acrobat Reader</a> Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/147" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society Collection</a>, Oviedo Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original document by Helen Leinhart, 1972. Coverage Oviedo Woman's Club, Oviedo, Florida Creator Leinhart, Helen Contributor <a href="http://www.oviedowomansclub.org/" target="_blank">Oviedo Woman's Club</a> Gestrich, Beatrice Date Created 1972 Format application/pdf Medium 3-page typewritten document Language eng Mediator History Teacher Provenance Originally created by Helen Leinhart. Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by <a href="http://www.oviedowomansclub.org/" target="_blank">Oviedo Woman's Club</a> and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Contributing Project <a href="http://oviedohs.com/" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society</a> Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository Private Collection of Beatrice Gestrich External Reference "<a href="http://www.oviedowomansclub.org/our-community/our-history.html" target="_blank">Our History</a>." Oviedo Woman's Club. http://www.oviedowomansclub.org/our-community/our-history.html. 4th of July Allied Forces Allies American Red Cross Art Department B. F. Wheeler B. F. Wheeler, Sr. Babe Ruth League Brock's Pond Brownie Troop C. R. Clonts Christmas Chuluota Road Cindy Nemiec Citizens Bank of Oviedo City of Oviedo civic club Civic Committee Claire Evans club clubhouse Education Department Fellowship Hall FFWC First Methodist Church Florida Federation of Women's Clubs Florida Zoological Society Fourth of July General Federation of Woman's Clubs GFWC Golden Anniversary Tea Hacienda Girls Rank Harden Webb Helen Leinhart Hungary income tax Independence Day Jean Jordan Jo Piercy Katherine Teague Lake Charm Lake Jessup Avenue Lee Wheeler Lillian Della Lee Lawton Louise Martin Luttle Rock, Arkansas March of Dimes Market Day McCall Mead Mead Mannor Association Mildred Ulrey Nancy Beasley OACD OHS Oviedo Oviedo Area Combined Drive Oviedo High School Oviedo Historical Society Oviedo Magazine Club Oviedo Woman's Club OWC Panama Canal Pearl Harbor, Hawaii R. W. Estes Sandy Anderson Sanford Road Seminole County Seminole Youth Ranch Sherrill Ingram Slavia Smorgasboard-Seminole County Health Unit for Mental Health Sunland Sweetwater Park Tasting Luncheon taxes Titanic United Fund Drives Vienna, Austria Vietnam Vietnam War W. J. Lawton, Sr. W. T. Lawton William McKinley Winborn Joseph Lawton, Sr. Woman's Club women World War I World War II WWI WWII https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/79fdaada60ebd9711606842b83722234.jpg d8e72ee83ba3630582611dc576efe203 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Sanford Collection Alternative Title Sanford Collection Subject Sanford (Fla.) Chase and Company (Sanford, Fla.) Description Select images, correspondence, and other records from the Chase Collection (MS 14) at Special and Area Studies Collections at the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida. According to the biographical sketch in the collection's finding aid: "The story of the Chases in Florida began in 1878 when Sydney Octavius Chase (1860-1941), having read about orange groves in Scribner's Magazine, came to Florida from Philadelphia. His brother, Joshua Coffin Chase (1858-1948), joined him in 1884 and together they formed Chase and Company that year. The Chase brothers came to Florida at the right time for Florida citrus and at the right time for them as investment entrepreneurs. Strong family ties in the North provided them with financial backing for their ventures. Joshua left Florida in 1895 to work in the California citrus industry. He returned to Florida in 1904 and rejoined his brother. Another brother, Randall, remained in Philadelphia and augmented his brothers' finances when convenient. Sydney and Joshua were also important civic leaders who took part in community development, most notably in the City of Sanford. Both were elected to the Sanford city commission. They also supported the development of Rollins College, worked with the Florida Historical Society, and were the benefactors of numerous charities. Chase and Company began as an insurance company and branched out to storage facilities and fertilizer sales. The latter was the beginning of the company's lucrative agricultural supply division which remained in operation throughout the existence of the company. Although citrus was the primary interest, the company also invested in other agricultural pursuits including celery in central Florida, tung oil production in Jefferson County, and winter vegetables and sugar cane in the Lake Okeechobee muck lands. The company was also involved in the peach business in Georgia and North Carolina. The company was incorporated in 1914, with the Chase brothers owning 75 percent of the stock, and reincorporated in 1948. A second generation of Chases began its involvement in the family operations when Sydney O. Chase, Jr. ( b. 1890) became a citrus buyer in 1922. He was later joined by his brother Randall who served as president of Chase and Company from 1948-1965. Outside the Chase Family, Alfred Foster, W. R. Harney, and William "Billy" Leffler figured prominently as company executives and investors. The company dissolved in 1979 when its principal assets were sold to Sunniland for $5.5 million. The Chases' interest in citrus began when Sydney came to Florida and became associated with General Henry S. Sanford. The Chases would eventually own General Sanford's experimental farm, Belair, and the Chase family home in Sanford was located there. Over the years, the Chases invested in a number of citrus groves and owned others outright. In 1912, they organized the Chase Investment Company as a holding company for their farms. Initially, the company operated the Isleworth, Nocatee, Belair, and Kelly citrus groves as well as celery farms in Sanford. The company was renamed Chase Groves, Inc. in 1951. From time to time, Chase Investment was involved in real estate in Florida and North Carolina. The latter included Fort Caswell, a former military property that was held for a time and then sold. Unquestionably, the jewel in the Chase crown was the Isleworth grove at Windermere. Isleworth's four hundred lake-tempered acres carried the Chases through many difficult times. It proved to be the principal asset at the company's demise when it was sold to golf legend Arnold Palmer in 1984. Chase Groves dissolved that same year, 100 years after the founding of Chase and Company." Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/23" target="_blank">Chase Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Referenced By <a href="http://web.uflib.ufl.edu/spec/pkyonge/chase.htm" target="_blank">A Guide to the Chase Collection</a> Language eng Type Collection Coverage Holy Cross Episcopal Church, Sanford, Florida Sanford Country Club and Golf Course, Sanford, Florida Contributing Project <a href="http://web.uflib.ufl.edu/spec/" target="_blank">Special and Area Studies Collections</a>, University of Florida <a href="http://ufdc.ufl.edu/" target="_blank">Digital Collections (UFDC)</a>, University of Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Marra, Katherine Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository University of Florida, <a href="http://web.uflib.ufl.edu/spec/" target="_blank">Special and Area Studies Collections</a> External Reference Warner, S.C. "<a href="http://www.fshs.org/Proceedings/Password%20Protected/1923%20Vol.%2036/198-200%20%28WARNER%29.pdf" target="_blank">Development of Marketing Citrus Fruits in Florida</a>." Florida State Horticultural Society vol. 36 (1923): 198-200. Hopkins, James T. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1219230" target="_blank">Fifty Years of Citrus, the Florida Citrus Exchange: 1909-1959</a>. Gainesville, Florida: University of Florida Press: 1960. "<a href="http://floridacitrushalloffame.com/index.php/inductees/inductee-name/?ref_cID=89&bID=0&dd_asId=600" target="_blank">Sydney Chase Sr. (1860-1941)</a>." Florida Citrus Hall of Fame. Copyright 2012. http://floridacitrushalloffame.com/index.php/inductees/inductee-name/?ref_cID=89&bID=0&dd_asId=600. "<a href="http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1986-09-30/news/0260060057_1_chase-isleworth-golf-florida-citrus" target="_blank">Franklin Chase, 'Towering Figure in Citrus Industry</a>.'" The Orlando Sentinel, September 30, 1986. http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1986-09-30/news/0260060057_1_chase-isleworth-golf-florida-citrus. Contributor <a href="http://web.uflib.ufl.edu/spec/" target="_blank">Special and Area Studies Collections</a>, University of Florida Has Part <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/94" target="_blank">Holy Cross Episcopal Church Collection</a>, Chase Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/87" target="_blank">Sanford Country Club and Golf Course Collection</a>, Chase Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Provenance Entire <a href="http://web.uflib.ufl.edu/spec/pkyonge/chase.htm" target="_blank">Chase Collection</a> is comprised of four separate accessions from various donors, including Cecilia Johnson, the granddaughter of Joshua Coffin Chase and the children of Randall Chase. Rights Holder The displayed collection is housed at <a href="http://web.uflib.ufl.edu/spec/" target="_blank">Special and Area Studies Collections</a> at the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida. Rights to this item belong to the said institution, and therefore inquiries about the item should be directed there. <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> has obtained permission from Special and Area Studies Collections at the University of Florida to display this item for educational purposes only. Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format 1-page typewritten letter Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Letter from Joshua Coffin Chase to Sydney Octavius Chase (January 5, 1923) Alternative Title Chase Correspondence (January 5, 1923) Subject Chase, Sydney Octavius, 1860-1941 Bonds--Florida Chase and Company (Sanford, Fla.) Chase, Joshua Coffin, 1858-1948 Sanford (Fla.) Banks and banking--Florida Description An original letter of correspondence between brothers and business partners Joshua Coffin Chase and Sydney Octavius Chase. Topics discussed in the letter include a paving bond for property in Sanford and the offer made by B. H. Barnett. Chase & Company was established in 1884 by brothers Sydney Octavius Chase and Joshua Coffin Chase. The company sold insurance and later invested in storage facilities and fertilizer sales. Chase & Company was known mainly for its agricultural interests and maintained a series of citrus groves throughout Central Florida. The company was based out of Sanford and became one of the city's largest employers into the early twentieth century. Randall Chase joined in the family business soon after his brother, Sydney Chase, Jr., did in 1922. Randall became the president of Chase & Company from 1948-1965. Type Text Source Original letter from Joshua Coffin Chase to Sydney Octavius Chase, January 5, 1923: box 173, folder 2.51, <a href="http://web.uflib.ufl.edu/spec/pkyonge/chase.htm" target="_blank">Chase Collection (MS 14)</a>, Special and Area Studies Collections, George A. Smathers Libraries, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida. Is Part Of <a href="http://web.uflib.ufl.edu/spec/pkyonge/chase.htm" target="_blank">Chase Collection</a> (MS 14), box 173, folder 2.51, <a href="http://web.uflib.ufl.edu/spec/" target="_blank">Special and Area Studies Collections</a>, George A. Smathers Libraries, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/86" target="_blank">Sanford Collection</a>, Chase Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Referenced By Folder referenced in Chase Collection finding guide, <a href="http://web.uflib.ufl.edu/spec/pkyonge/chase.htm" target="_blank">http://web.uflib.ufl.edu/spec/pkyonge/chase.htm</a>. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original letter from Joshua Coffin Chase to Sydney Octavius Chase, January 5, 1923. Coverage Sanford, Florida Creator Chase, Joshua Coffin Date Created 1923-01-05 Format image/jpg Extent 127 KB Medium 1-page typewritten letter Language eng Mediator History Teacher Provenance Entire <a href="http://web.uflib.ufl.edu/spec/pkyonge/chase.htm" target="_blank">Chase Collection</a> is comprised of four separate accessions from various donors, including Cecilia Johnson, the granddaughter of Joshua Coffin Chase and the children of Randall Chase. Rights Holder The displayed collection item is housed at <a href="http://web.uflib.ufl.edu/spec/" target="_blank">Special and Area Studies Collections</a> at the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida. Rights to this item belong to the said institution, and therefore inquiries about the item should be directed there. <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> has obtained permission from Special and Area Studies Collections at the University of Florida to display this item for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Contributing Project <a href="http://web.uflib.ufl.edu/spec/" target="_blank">Special and Area Studies Collections</a>, University of Florida <a href="http://ufdc.ufl.edu/" target="_blank">Digital Collections (UFDC)</a>, University of Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository University of Florida, <a href="http://web.uflib.ufl.edu/spec/" target="_blank">Special and Area Studies Collections</a> External Reference "<a href="http://floridacitrushalloffame.com/index.php/inductees/inductee-name/?ref_cID=89&bID=0&dd_asId=600" target="_blank">Sydney Chase Sr. (1860-1941)</a>." Florida Citrus Hall of Fame. Copyright 2012. http://floridacitrushalloffame.com/index.php/inductees/inductee-name/?ref_cID=89&bID=0&dd_asId=600. "<a href="http://floridacitrushalloffame.com/index.php/inductees/inductee-name/?ref_cID=89&bID=0&dd_asId=960" target="_blank">Joshua Coffin Chase (1858-1948)</a>." Florida Citrus Hall of Fame. Copyright 2012. http://floridacitrushalloffame.com/index.php/inductees/inductee-name/?ref_cID=89&bID=0&dd_asId=960. Transcript Jan 5th 1923 Mr. S.O. Chase, Sanford, Fla. Dear Syd: I am returning herewith your letter of Jan. 4th with all papers attached regarding $300,000 Sanford, Florida, Improvement 5-1/2% paving bond issue for paving certificates due in one to ten years. I have just returned from a talk about them with Mr. D. H. Barnett, President of the Barnett National Bank. Mr. Barnett would not be interested for the bank in such an issue without knowing more about it. There was an uncertainty in his mind whether such bonds were tax free as you claim. There was also a doubt in his mind whether it was a regular recognized obligation on the part of the State. In event of any default, he was under the impression that suit would have to be instituted and a levy of some kind made in order to collect. He appeared to think that the price submitted through the Atlantic National Bank was just a preliminary bid and there was no obligation upon your part to accept. Bonds of this kind are being sold on about a 480 to a 5% basis for those that expire within a short time, with a better premium on those of longer time to run. Why don't you turn this offer down as being unsatisfactory and advertise for new offers, unless you have already advertised and this is the best proposition that came. In the meantime, Mr. Barnett appeared to think that it would be advisable for you to secure an opinion from Mr. John C. Thompson, of New York City, or some other authority as this would add value to the security and enable you to obtain a premium. The writer is under the impression that Mr. LaMater is now boarding at the Munoz[?] House, with a son at Princeton. The writer has met the father and mother but does not know them very well. Yours very truly, JCC/s Atlantic National Bank bank banking Barnett National Bank Barnett, B. H. bond Chase and Company Chase, Joshua Coffin Chase, Sydney Octavius LaMater Munoz House paving paving bond paving certificate State of Florida taxes Thompson, John C. https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/bd86ad14974a5b82663d4a441c54c28f.pdf f09824348cfa5e8e25b444bab96bac57 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/4df79112a36718e80c02a4013eed1339.pdf ca7ee475e968a89a7465fca256186396 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Florida Citrus Exchange Collection Alternative Title FEC Collection Subject Florida Citrus Exchange Citrus fruit industry--Florida Chase and Company (Sanford, Fla.) Description Chase & Company was established by Joshua Chase and his brother Sydney in 1884. The company sold insurance and later invested in storage facilities and fertilizer sales. Chase & Company was known mainly for its agricultural interests and maintained a series of citrus groves throughout Central Florida. The company was based out of Sanford, Florida, and became one of the city's largest employers into the early twentieth century. By 1886, the Chase brothers purchased several citrus groves to expand their business, including Isleworth Grove in Windermere. Isleworth Grove covered a total of 1,300 acres along the Butler Chain of Lakes. Between 1894 and 1895, Central Florida was hit by several freezes and most of the citrus crop was destroyed. Chase & Company did not grow citrus crops again until 1904 when Joshua came back from an extended stay in California. Between 1894 and 1900, different types of pesticide equipment was created, including equipment driven by steam, machines, and horses. Randall Chase joined in the family business soon after his brother, Sydney Chase, Jr., did in 1922. Randall became the president of Chase & Company from 1948-1965. The Isleworth property stayed in the Chase family until 1984 when Franklin Chase, the son of Sydney Chase, sold the property to famed golfer Arnold Palmer. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/23" target="_blank">Chase Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/93" target="_blank">Citrus Collection</a>, Chase Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Provenance Entire <a href="http://web.uflib.ufl.edu/spec/pkyonge/chase.htm" target="_blank">Chase Collection</a> is comprised of four separate accessions from various donors, including Cecilia Johnson, the granddaughter of Joshua Coffin Chase and the children of Randall Chase. Rights Holder The displayed collection items are housed at <a href="http://web.uflib.ufl.edu/spec/" target="_blank">Special and Area Studies Collections</a> at the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida. Rights to these items belong to the said institution, and therefore inquiries about these items should be directed there. <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> has obtained permission from Special and Area Studies Collections at the University of Florida to display this item for educational purposes only. Contributing Project <a href="http://web.uflib.ufl.edu/spec/" target="_blank">Special and Area Studies Collections</a>, University of Florida <a href="http://ufdc.ufl.edu/" target="_blank">Digital Collections (UFDC)</a>, University of Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Marra, Katherine Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository University of Florida, <a href="http://web.uflib.ufl.edu/spec/" target="_blank">Special and Area Studies Collections</a> External Reference "<a href="http://www.sealdsweet.com/welcome/our-history.php" target="_blank">The History of Seald-Sweet</a>." Seald Sweet International. http://www.sealdsweet.com/welcome/our-history.php. "<a href="http://floridacitrushalloffame.com/index.php/inductees/inductee-name/?ref_cID=89&bID=0&dd_asId=600" target="_blank">Sydney Chase Sr. (1860-1941)</a>." Florida Citrus Hall of Fame. Copyright 2012. http://floridacitrushalloffame.com/index.php/inductees/inductee-name/?ref_cID=89&bID=0&dd_asId=600. Warner, S.C. "<a href="http://www.fshs.org/Proceedings/Password%20Protected/1923%20Vol.%2036/198-200%20%28WARNER%29.pdf" target="_blank">Development of Marketing Citrus Fruits in Florida</a>." Florida State Horticultural Society vol. 36 (1923): 198-200. Hopkins, James T. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1219230" target="_blank">Fifty Years of Citrus, the Florida Citrus Exchange: 1909-1959</a>. Gainesville, Florida: University of Florida Press: 1960. "<a href="http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1986-09-30/news/0260060057_1_chase-isleworth-golf-florida-citrus" target="_blank">Franklin Chase, 'Towering Figure in Citrus Industry</a>.'" The Orlando Sentinel, September 30, 1986. http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1986-09-30/news/0260060057_1_chase-isleworth-golf-florida-citrus. Weaver, Brian. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/43312643" target="_blank">The Citrus Industry in the Sunshine State</a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 1999. "<a href="http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00086639/00046" target="_blank">Mayo Dade Offers Helpful Aid on Fruit Picking</a>." Florida Clearing House News, August 25, 1930. Contributor <a href="http://web.uflib.ufl.edu/spec/" target="_blank">Special and Area Studies Collections</a>, University of Florida <a href="http://ufdc.ufl.edu/" target="_blank">Digital Collections (UFDC)</a>, University of Florida Coverage Arcadia, Florida Babson Park, Florida Davenport, Florida Fort Myers, Florida Frostproof, Florida Jacksonville, Florida Lakeland, Florida Orlando, Florida Penney Farms, Florida Pierce, Florida Sanford, Florida Tampa, Florida Wauchula, Florida Winter Haven, Florida Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format 1-page typewritten letter on Chase & Company letterhead Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Letter from Sydney Octavius Chase to Joshua Coffin Chase (July 11, 1924) Alternative Title Chase Correspondence (July 11, 1924) Subject Chase, Sydney Octavius, 1860-1941 Chase, Joshua Coffin, 1858-1948 Citrus fruit industry--Florida Florida Citrus Exchange Insurance--Florida Description An original letter of correspondence between brothers and business partners Sydney Octavius Chase and Joshua Coffin Chase. Topics discussed in the letter include the Florida Citrus Exchange's guarantee policy with the Hartford Insurance Company, the freeze on co-operative associations in 1923, and the burden placed on taxpayers for this type of financing. Chase & Company was established in 1884 by brothers Sydney Octavius Chase and Joshua Coffin Chase. The company sold insurance and later invested in storage facilities and fertilizer sales. Chase & Company was known mainly for its agricultural interests and maintained a series of citrus groves throughout Central Florida. The company was based out of Sanford and became one of the city's largest employers into the early twentieth century. Creator Chase, Sydney Octavius Source Original letter from Sydney Octavius Chase to Joshua Coffin Chase, July 11, 1924: <a href="http://web.uflib.ufl.edu/spec/pkyonge/chase.htm" target="_blank">Chase Collection</a> (MS 14), box 7, folder 14.11, Special and Area Studies Collections, George A. Smathers Libraries, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida. Date Created 1924-07-11 Is Referenced By Folder referenced in Chase Collection finding guide, <a href="http://web.uflib.ufl.edu/spec/pkyonge/chase.htm" target="_blank">http://web.uflib.ufl.edu/spec/pkyonge/chase.htm</a>. Requires <a href='http://www.adobe.com/reader.html' target='_blank'>Adobe Acrobat Reader</a> Format application/pdf Extent 1.35 MB Medium 1-page typewritten letter on Chase & Company letterhead Language eng Type Text Coverage Sanford, Florida Jacksonville, Florida Accrual Method Donation Mediator History Teacher Civics/Government Teacher Economics Teacher Provenance Entire <a href="http://web.uflib.ufl.edu/spec/pkyonge/chase.htm" target="_blank">Chase Collection</a> is comprised of four separate accessions from various donors, including Cecilia Johnson, the granddaughter of Joshua Coffin Chase and the children of Randall Chase. Rights Holder The displayed collection item is housed at <a href="http://web.uflib.ufl.edu/spec/" target="_blank">Special and Area Studies Collections</a> at the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida. Rights to this item belong to the said institution, and therefore inquiries about the item should be directed there. <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> has obtained permission from Special and Area Studies Collections at the University of Florida to display this item for educational purposes only. Contributing Project <a href="http://web.uflib.ufl.edu/spec/" target="_blank">Special and Area Studies Collections</a>, University of Florida <a href="http://ufdc.ufl.edu/" target="_blank">Digital Collections (UFDC)</a>, University of Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository University of Florida, <a href="http://web.uflib.ufl.edu/spec/" target="_blank">Special and Area Studies Collections</a> External Reference "<a href="http://www.sealdsweet.com/welcome/our-history.php" target="_blank">The History of Seald-Sweet</a>." Seald Sweet International. http://www.sealdsweet.com/welcome/our-history.php. Warner, S.C. "<a href="http://www.fshs.org/Proceedings/Password%20Protected/1923%20Vol.%2036/198-200%20%28WARNER%29.pdf" target="_blank">Development of Marketing Citrus Fruits in Florida</a>." Florida State Horticultural Society vol. 36 (1923): 198-200. Hopkins, James T. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1219230" target="_blank">Fifty Years of Citrus, the Florida Citrus Exchange: 1909-1959</a>. Gainesville, Florida: University of Florida Press: 1960. "<a href="http://floridacitrushalloffame.com/index.php/inductees/inductee-name/?ref_cID=89&bID=0&dd_asId=600" target="_blank">Sydney Chase Sr. (1860-1941)</a>." Florida Citrus Hall of Fame. Copyright 2012. http://floridacitrushalloffame.com/index.php/inductees/inductee-name/?ref_cID=89&bID=0&dd_asId=600. Transcript CHASE & COMPANY GROWERS’ MARKETING AGENTS PACKERS AND SHIPPERS FLORIDA FRUITS AND VEGETABLES SANFORD, FLORIDA July 11, 1924 Mr. J. C. Chase, Jacksonville, Fla. Dear Josh: Stockton, of the Hartford Insurance Company, told Leffler today, confidentially, that the Citrus Exchange had taken out a guarantee policy with them for $750,000.00. This policy was to be used as security to a loan of like amount being made by the Growers Loan and Guarantee Company, or whatever the name is, in Tampa, who are financing these various advances to the Citrus Exchange growers. Stockton told Leffler that he had sat in at a meeting of the Farm Loan Land Banks, who are backing up all co-operative activities, and during the conference he learned that the banks last year had advanced the various co-operative organizations seventy six million dollars, and when the notes from the various organizations fell due they were only able to collect twenty three million dollars, in other words 75% of the loan made these co-operative associations are frozen, and frozen so hard that I doubt very much whether they are ever going to get more out of the seventy six million than the collections already made. It strikes me that the government ought to call a halt on this method of financing men that cannot successfully work for themselves. The income taxes are pulled on to make up deficits of this character, and it is not fair that the public at large should support people who have lots of theories, and are not practical in their operations and are never included in the successful or efficient class. I am sending a copy of this letter to Mr. Skinner with the request that he consider same strictly confidential and destroy after reading. [Handwritten note: Geufite (?) has a 200 M guarantee policy.] Yours very truly, S.O.C SOC: HMR DISTRIBUTORS Sunniland Trademark FRUITS AND VEGETABLES Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original letter from Sydney Octavius Chase to Joshua Coffin Chase, July 11, 1924. Is Part Of <a href="http://web.uflib.ufl.edu/spec/pkyonge/chase.htm" target="_blank">Chase Collection</a> (MS 14), box 7, folder 14.11, Special and Area Studies Collections, George A. Smathers Libraries, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/100" target="_blank">Florida Citrus Exchange Collection</a>, Citrus Collection, Chase Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Chase and Company Chase, Joshua Coffin Chase, Sydney Octavius citrus industry co-operative Farm Loan Land Banks FEC Florida Citrus Exchange Growers Loan and Guarantee Company Hartford Insurance Company income tax Leffler, William A. loan Skinner Stockton Sunniland taxes https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/0814329076fb17c9b9a60e64d2441092.mp3 4d3afc70af6c37f5e5e08db488b666b7 https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/d89fff5fd36fe539e5c1da44e20fcbd8.pdf 9c12d807cbfc067d407afae47676996f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Linda McKnight Batman Oral History Project Collection Alternative Title Linda McKnight Batman Collection Subject Ocala (Fla.) Orlando (Fla.) Oviedo (Fla.) Port Tampa (Fla.) Sanford (Fla.) Silver Springs (Fla.) Titusville (Fla.) Zellwood (Fla.) Description Collection of oral histories depicting the history of Seminole County, Florida. The project was funded by Linda McKnight Batman, a former teacher, historian, and Vice President of the State of Florida Commission on Ethics. Language eng Type Collection Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> External Reference Museum of Seminole County History, and University of Central Florida. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/744676869" target="_blank">Researcher's Guide to Seminole County Oral Histories: Linda McKnight Batman Oral History Project</a>. [Sanford, Fla.]: Museum of Seminole County History, 2010. Contributor <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> Coverage Seminole County, Florida Ocala, Florida Oviedo, Florida Port Tampa, Florida Sanford, Florida Silver Springs, Florida Titusville, Florida Zellwood, Florida Contributing Project Linda McKnight Batman Oral History Project Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer Morris, Joseph Interviewee Groskey, Dick Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Oral History of Dick Groskey Alternative Title Oral History, Groskey Subject Orlando (Fla.) Altamonte Springs (Fla.) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.) NASA Air Force World War II--United States Metalworking industries--United States Description An oral history of Dick Groskey, conducted by Joseph Morris on October 28, 2011. Born in Springfield, Ohio, Groskey migrated with his family to Orlando, Florida, in the early 1950s. In the interview, he discusses migrating to Florida, growing up in Ohio, how Orlando and Central Florida has changed over time, his experience contracting with various companies and government institutions, the metalworking industry, business taxes, his service in the U.S. Air Force during World War II, and his wife and children. Table Of Contents 0:00:00 Introduction 0:00:22 Migrating to Florida 0:02:37 Starting own business0:04:13 Growing up in Ohio 0:06:43 Decision to migrate to Florida 0:10:31 How Orlando and Central Florida has changed over time 0:15:15 Contract work with large companies 0:17:39 Working with government organizations 0:20:25 Metalworking industry 0:22:38 Business taxes 0:24:14 Current state of business 0:27:50 Positive changes in Central Florida 0:30:15 Serving in the Air Force during World War II 0:44:00 Returning to civilian life 0:45:00 Wife and children 0:50:18 Closing remarks Abstract Oral history interview of Dick Groskey Interview conducted by Joseph Morris at the <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> in Orlando, Florida. Type Sound Source Groskey, Dick. Interviewed by Joseph Morris. October 28, 2011. Audio record available. <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a>, Orlando, Florida. Requires Multimedia software, such as <a href="http://www.apple.com/quicktime/download/" target="_blank"> QuickTime</a>. <a href="https://get.adobe.com/reader/" target="_blank">Adobe Acrobat Reader</a> Is Part Of <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a>, Orlando, Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/123" target="_blank">Linda McKnight Batman Oral History Project Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Coverage Orlando, Florida Altamonte Springs, Florida Walnut Hills, Dayton, Ohio Myitkyina West, Kachin, Burma Creator Morris, Joseph Groskey, Dick Contributor Vickers, Savannah Date Created 2011-10-28 Date Modified 2014-10-10 Date Copyrighted 2011-10-28 Format audio/mp3 application/pdf Extent 34.7 MB 211 KB Medium 51-minute, and 23-second audio recording 25-page digital transcript Language eng Mediator History Teacher Civics/Government Teacher Economics Teacher Provenance Originally created by Joseph Morris and Dick Groskey. Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by the <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> External Reference Antequino, Stephanie Gaub, and Tana Mosier Porter. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783150094" target="_blank">Lost Orlando</a>. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Pub, 2012. "<a href="http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf" target="_blank">Downtown Orlando Historic District Walking Tour</a>." City of Orlando. http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf. Rajtar, Steve. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70911136" target="_blank">A Guide to Historic Orlando</a>. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2006. Transcript Morris It is October 28, 2011, and I am talking to Dick Groskey in his place of residence. I am Joseph Morris, representing the Linda McKnight Batman Oral History Project for the Historical Society of Central Florida. Sir, could you tell us a little about yourself? Groskey What? Morris Could you tell us a little about yourself and your life? Groskey Well, what would you like, what would you like… Morris Well, where were you born, sir? Where were you raised? Groskey Springfield, Ohio. Morris And when did you come down to Florida, sir? Groskey Well, right after I got married in the early [19]40s. I got out of the service in ’46, and we got married the same year, and we came to Florida in the real early ‘50s. Morris Okay, sir. And did you move originally to... Groskey No. We—we were going to Miami, and I blew out a tire. It was over on U.S. [Route] 1, and we blew a tire out on the car, and it was late at night on Sunday. We stopped in a motel over on U.S. 1. The next morning, we got up and I asked where the local garage was, and they said, “Oh, it’s clear over in Bithlo. Over Dave Shaw’s garage.” So there happened to be a fellow there that was going that way, and so he took my tire, and we throwed[sic] it in the back of his truck, and he took me over Dave Shaw’s garage, which was right in the middle of no place. Well, Dave got the tire fixed, and one thing another. And in the meantime, while he was fixing the tire, I thought, “Well, I’ll look at the local newspaper.” So I’m just thumbing through it. There’s an ad in there: “Machinist wanted.” So I asked Dave Shaw, I said, “Well, where is this place?” “Oh,” he said, “That’s over in Orlando, which is short ways from Bithlo.” So I put a dime in the telephone—it was a dime at that time—and I called this man up, and he was from Youngstown, Ohio. And I told him, I said, “Well,” I said, “I’ve been a toolmaker all my life.” And he said, “I got a job for you.” He says, “Come on over!” So I said, “Well, wait ‘til I get my tire fixed, and I’ll come over.” So he gave me the directions, and I came over to Orlando, and I went down on Sligh Boulevard—and Tool Engraving on Sligh. It was Trade Tool Engraving— was the name of the place. And he said, “I’ll let you run a screw machine second shift.” I said, “Great.” [inaudible] easy. I’d run one before. So I went back to Titusville, told the missus. I said, “Well, we’re gonna have to stay here tonight, but,” I said, “tomorrow we’re going to Orlando.” And she said, “Well, what’s the matter with going to Miami?” I said, “I got a job.” She said, “You got a job?” I said, “Yeah. I go to work tomorrow night.” And I’ve never been out of work since. Morris Wow, sir. So, why were you going to Miami? Groskey I don’t know. I just thought that was a place where it was warm and there was a lot of something going on. Morris Got distracted by Orlando? Groskey And well, we got stuck here and been here ever since. Morris Then how long did you work at the... Groskey At Trade Tool? Morris Yes, sir. Groskey Only, well, best part of a year. And that’s when the Martin [Marietta Corporation] company came here, and I helped build the Martin plant. Then I went to work industrial engineering. And I stayed out there about a year and a half, I guess, and then I started my own thing, and been keeping it going ever since. Morris Okay. And how did you start your own business, sir? Groskey One tool at a time. Morris And how long have you been in business? Groskey Oh my gosh. Never [laughs]—I’ve always had a shop. We moved the shop down when I moved down from Ohio. Morris Oh really, sir? Groskey Yeah. Morris So you were doing this up in Ohio as well? Groskey Yeah. Morris The, um… Groskey I had a shop in Brookville, Ohio, and then we left Brookville to come to Florida, and I had our furniture in the shop in a—on a semi. We was gonna move it down here, and we moved, after we had the blowout over Titusville, and I got a job there, we went over here on [U.S. Route] 17-92 and rented a three-room apartment over there. And I had all the shop equipment come down then after we got established, and I rented a place over in Altamonte Springs. It was a little—about a four-story—I mean a four-office little building that Merris Walker—he owned the whole town practically. He built this building—just a little commercial building—and I rented one of the offices in there. We put all the machinery in there. And at that time, I was working at the Martin company, so we got our little shop going. So I went, quit the Martin company, went back out there, went to purchasing, I said, “I’d like to bid on your work.” And we’ve been going ever since. Morris Okay, sir. And could you tell me a little about the place where you grew up? I know it was in Ohio, correct? Groskey Mmhm. Morris Have you been back? Groskey Only when my dad died in 1966. I haven’t been back since. Morris Okay, sir. What was it like growing up out there? Groskey It was right prior to World War II, and things were tight, but it was a lot—a lot easier. Better times than what it is now. It wasn’t near as fast-paced. People had more of value than they do now. Smaller things meant more. Our—we lived in a middle-class neighborhood where everybody worked, and everybody went to school. Everybody had a car. And we played croquet at night in the backyard. We played football down at the local park. We played baseball at the local park. We played horseshoes. There was always something to do. The local park was just a matter of trees, a drinking fountain, and a shelter house, but there the city provided ball gloves and tennis racquets and things. So you’d go in there, sign your name and get a ball, go up and go play ball. Morris Okay. Groskey And that was kind of the center of activity of the whole community. We lived in what they called Walnut Hills. It was a very clannish type situation, because at that time, in that area—National Cash Register, General Motors [Company], Frigidaire, Dayton Rubber [Company], and those bigger companies—a job was something that there was nothing to be concerned about. That was something that your dad—your dad’s dad probably worked at these same companies over the last three or four generations, because that’s the way things were. You didn’t have to hunt for a job. Shop like I got now—a job shop—there was[sic] hundreds of them in that town. You’d pick up the phone call and say, “Hey, what do you got going? You got 30 days’ worth of work? I’ll be over this afternoon.” And you had another job. That’s job shopping. But if you wanted to go to the major companies like Dayton Rubber, Frigidaire, or one of the big ones—Master Electric, where they made motors—you’d go in there, hire on. They’re expecting you and your kids’ kids to work there. It was job security, which of you have none today. Today, it’s feast or famine. We get a job today, you finish it up two o’clock, goodbye. Go home. There is no security in jobs today, unless you create your own security. Morris Right, sir. Groskey There is nothing that—you can’t depend on the other man for anything. Morris Okay, sir. And how—so you left. You just wanted a change of scenery? You came down to Miami for that reason? Or you were on your way to Miami for that reason? Groskey No. I spent—like I said, I spent a lot of time over in China and Burma and India. And it was all hot weather. Very hot. We came home in February, and it was just kind of the tail end of the winter, but there was a lot of snow and ice on the ground, and after being in the tropics for that long, and coming in to snow and ice on the ground—and I got married, I told her when we got married, I said, “Look, we’re going someplace else.” I said, “I’m not gonna shovel snow.” I said, “I’m not used to this.” My later teens and then early twenties, I was overseas, and I said, “Boy, I’m not going home and shoveling any snow.” So we told her parents, we told my parents, and my dad says, “If you take her and them[sic] kids out of Ohio, I’ll disown you.” Which he did. We never got one dime from him, and he was a wealthy man. When he died, I got just exactly nothing, because I took her and came to Florida with the kids. Morris And that was your dad or her dad? Groskey No. That was my dad. Morris Wow. Groskey No. Her dad was more lenient. He was from Georgia, and was a farmer from Georgia. He had a pretty nice business going, and he said, “Well,” he said, “I can understand why you’re doing what you’re doing.” And he says, “If we can help you, we will.” But my dad was from the old school, and if it ain’t his way, it’s no way. It was that, but, he said, “You don’t know what you’re doing. You’re leaving the whole security and this and that and everything else.” I said, “No. I’m not.” I said, “Now I was in the service. I’ve been clear around the world.” I said, “I’ve seen other places. I’ve been other places and done other things. I’m not gonna sit here and shovel snow. I’m going someplace else.” “Well, if you do, you’re disowned.” And he did. Morris What did your dad do for a living? Did he work in one of these... Groskey He was vice president of the [International] Typographical Union. Morris Okay, sir. I can definitely see why, after going to the tropics, that Miami might have come to mind. Groskey That was the only—Orlando—it was just a wide spot in the road, like Kissimmee, that was just a few cars walking up and down the road. But Orlando did have a name, but it didn’t have a name like Jacksonville or Miami. Now, my wife’s from Georgia, and some of her relations—her dad, or her uncle—was warden of the Duvall County farm up there. So we came down—prior to moving, we came down here and visited, and we talked to her uncle at great length, and he was a very, very, very knowledgeable man, and he knew basics of life right here in Florida. So I asked him a lot of pointed questions. He gave me the answers. He says, “It’s gonna be up to you.” He said, “There’s[sic] opportunities here. It’s up to you to make them.” He said, “You can go out there and hustle around.” He said, “You’ll make them.” He said, “Florida’s growing.” He was born and raised there. I figured, “Well, you know what you’re talking about.” So that changed our opinion on going to Miami. After talking to people who had been there and back, and one thing another, salesmen and people who had went down there to live, and got out of the Little Havana area—whatever—they said, “Stay up in Orlando area.” Been here ever since. Morris Okay, so after you moved here, you were still thinking about going down to Miami afterwards? Groskey No. Morris Just talking to these people. Groskey No. That was it. That cancelled that out. I only went to Miami one time since we moved to Florida. We had a subcontract on the FAA [Federal Aviation Administration] building in Miami, and we supplied a lot of the high-pressure ductwork down there. We built it. And we had to get down—as owner of the shop, we had to get down to physically see that our work was in that job. It was a government job. Our work was in that building and that contract—blah blah blah blah blah. And I had to go down there about three different times. Other than that, I never went back. Morris Okay, sir. Groskey That’s where Miami and me[sic] ended. Morris That’s where you and Miami have just parted ways? Groskey Yep. Morris Okay, sir. Well, how has Orlando changed from when you moved here to now? Groskey They have ruined Orlando. Morris Really, sir? Groskey Yeah. Morris In what way? Groskey Due to the fact that the people that were responsible—once Orlando was established as a town, and the multitude started moving into that town—the way Orlando was originally set up was a farm town that was easygoing and whatever. As soon as it started to grow with a vast amount of people, which happened in the ‘50s, it really blossomed, and when it did, they lost reality with what Orlando was all about. When we moved here, you could drink the water out of Prairie Lake. You could go along, there was water along the ditches on every main road out at the main area of the town here. There was[sic] fish in these ditches. People would be along the side of Route 50<a title="">[1]</a> fishing, and water wasn’t that deep, but there was fish in them. I worked at the Martin company, and when I’d come home at night, I’d take the boys, and we’d go over to Lake Monroe and sit there on the seawall, and in an hour’s time, I’d have a bucket so full of fish you could hardly pick it up. Where’d they all go? Where’d the mullet go? Where’d the blue crabs go? Everything has been polluted. They ruined Central Florida. Now we’ve got crime. A lot more. A shooting in Central Florida back in the ‘50s—unheard of, unless it was a hunting accident. Somebody pulled out a gun and shot his own foot. It was unheard of. Now it’s an everyday occurrence. You go to Pine Hills today and somebody’s gonna shoot somebody before you can drive through it. They have ruined Central Florida, because that is the element that follows growth. There’s that type of person that will follow growth, and try to reap what they can off it, and they have ruined Central Florida. Central Florida—I won’t even go to the coast. You used to be able to go anyplace up and down the east coast. You could pull off the side of the road, cross the dunes, and go fishing. It’s all barricaded off. Chain-link fence. “Keep out.” Don’t come here, don’t go there. When we first moved, when we first got ourselves established in Altamonte Springs, I went to a council meeting, and several of the management meetings Downtown—city of Orlando. And most of the people down there—a lot of the people down there were from Baltimore[, Maryland]. Baltimore entered big in Central Florida, because the Martin came here. Martin company came here. They brought all their people with them. And come to find out, most of the people that came with the Martin company from Baltimore were the odd falls they wanted to get rid of anyway. And that’s how the Martin company started here. Well, I went—I helped build the building, then I went to work in it, and I know firsthand. But, at any rate, I had a shop in Altamonte Springs. I had the first screw machine in Seminole County. So I went to one of these meetings down there, and I got a chance to speak my voice. I got up and I said, “Well, you fellows don’t have any manufacturing base here.” I said, “You got high-acreage use plant.” I said, “You got two or three big packinghouses. One Blue Goose [Growers packinghouse].” And I said, “You’ve got another packinghouse over in Maitland, but,” I said, “you don’t have anything that’s making anything. You don’t produce any. You don’t have any sawmills. You don’t have any manufacturing, no welding shops, no nothing. Why?” “Because we’re tourist-oriented.” That’s the famous saying: “We’re tourist-oriented.” And still to this day, they’re still leaning away from manufacturing. They don’t want any manufacturing in Central Florida. I tried to explain to them how the economy in Cincinnati and Dayton was based on all these little job shops that was doing something. Now what have you got? Blacks running up and down the ladder picking oranges. That ain’t gonna help the economy. Not one nickel’s worth. The grove owner’s gonna make money, but you and I aren’t. I said, “You have to have diversified activity in that community.” And you know, they said, “Well, you’ve probably got a pretty good idea, but we don’t wanna hear no more.” And that’s where they shut it off, and I said, “Well, to hell with you. Goodbye.” And it’s still today the same situation. They want tourists. Get them in, fleece them, send them on a plane back home. They don’t want nothing here permanently. Go downtown. What have they done for the people who live here? If you go someplace, you’re gonna pay money dear for it, because you’re gonna pay just like a tourist. They don’t give the local people anything. They don’t say, “Hey, show me your driver’s license. You come in for two bucks.” “Hey, it’s $28.00? We might charge you $30.00, because you live here.” Uh-uh. I’m soured on [inaudible]. Believe me. That’s why we’re out here on our own little domain. I have nothing to do with them. Morris Okay, sir. So, um, this kind of might be a little bit of a weird question, then—so you’re not a—you don’t go to—or have you ever gone to any of the theme parks that attract the tourists? Groskey I have never. I have done work for [Walt] Disney World and Universal [Studios Orlando] and everybody else, but it’s always on a bid-item basis. The only reason I will go there is to take a job out, give them a purchase order, and hope I get paid. That’s the only way. As far as spending my money to go to their park, I wouldn’t spend a dime. Morris Yeah. They are expensive, sir. Groskey I wouldn’t spend a dime. Morris When you say “hope” you get paid, have you ever had a problem with receiving payment from these companies? Groskey Martin company and Disney started out the same way. Thirty days on invoice, 60 days on invoice, 90 days on invoice. Martin company got 120 days on invoice. I took the last invoices right down to personnel, right into payroll. I said, “I want to get paid for these.” “Well, we’re a big company, you know. It takes time.” And I said, “Now, you’re not that big.” I said, “I’m a little guy. We started out 30-day invoice, okay. 60, I can live with. 90, I’m hurting. 120, I can’t do it. Anymore work we do from you, COD [Cash on Delivery].” Now I’m a little guy talking to a big guy, and I said, “That’s it.” They needed us at that time more than we needed them, because there was nobody else except Martin [inaudible] out here that had a shot. Morris Okay, so they kept trying to put you off? Groskey That’s right. They kept stringing us out, stringing us out, and stringing us. “Well, we’re a big company!” I said, “Yes, you ought to be able to do it twice as fast. Because you have more facilities than we do. You ought to be able to make your pay the same day.” Morris Right, sir. Groskey So, I said, “C.O.D.” Morris So your business work with these companies has not been the—all you wish they could be? Groskey Well, the Martin company, as you know, right now is one of the largest defense contractors there is in the United States. And had we—at that time, had we had somebody on our side that could go internally there, today we’d probably be a multi-million dollar corporation. Because they made some big companies out of what happened at Martin company throughout the United States. Morris Okay, but because you couldn’t get anybody, or you didn’t have anybody to work with you there... Groskey We—as an outsider, we had nobody on the inside. Morris Gotcha, sir. Groskey Now, when the shuttle’s arm<a title="">[2]</a> came up at the Cape [Canaveral], when the shuttle’s arm came up, the robotic arm, we were doing NASA [National Aeronautics and Space Administration] work at the time. So I went out to procurement, and I said to them, I said, “Well, we’d like to bid on this robotic arm.” And he said, “Okay, fine.” He said, “You’re qualified. You’re DoD [U.S. Department of Defense] and checked out and everything. Fine.” We got a set of drawings, we come back, and we figured it out. We could make the complete thing except the one base had a milled slot about 12-14 feet long. We couldn’t mill it. I had a friend in Winter Haven that had a big Niles Planer [Machine]. He could do it. We submitted our bid. We were second—number two. Now, we’re a little shop, and that was a big job. There was only, I think, four of them to start with, and they were over a period of two or three years. The man out in IOA [inaudible] got the job. We went out and protested. He don’t have enough money in his bid to buy the material to do the job. The purchase agent out there on that contract was a woman. She said, “Well, Mr. Groskey,” she said, “I’ll tell you. We can’t control where he gets his material from. He may have a warehouse full.” That’s the only out I got. He may have a warehouse full. We had to buy it. He had a warehouse. I said, “Okay.” Less than 30 days, they came back and said, “We want you to pick up the contract. He went bankrupt.” I says, “Goodbye.” That’s what I told NASA. I wouldn’t touch it. Morris Oh really, sir? But you worked with NASA afterwards, right? Groskey Yeah. Morris Just not on that contract. Groskey Not on that one. Nope. We dropped that one right by the wayside. They wanted us to come back and pick up the ball, and clean up the mess, and sweep the dirt. I said, “No dice.” We don’t get it going in, we don’t want any part of it. Morris Okay, sir. Could you tell me more about the work you’ve done with NASA? Because that does a lot for the local community and the local area. Groskey No. The only thing that we got out there was small stuff that they couldn’t buy it for here [inaudible]. Onesie-twosie things that, like certain types of bearings and special screws, and just little nit-picking stuff. Nothing big. Morris Oh, okay, sir. Groskey Nothing big. No big contracts. Nothing. Biggest contract we had was from the Navy over here—the [Orlando Naval] Training Center. And we did Navy work, but there was too much red tape in all that work. I’d rather have work off the street. The last Navy job we had, they made four change orders on it. They went through a nuclear submarine. And there was[sic] four change orders. And after the second or third change order, the fourth change order went right back to the first change order, and that—we’d already scrapped it. We had to do it all over again. They don’t know what they’re doing. Morris Gotcha, sir. So, um… Groskey We’re very, very, very selective if we take work out that we don’t know the people that we’re gonna do it for. I would rather do a hundred percent commercial work. 100 percent. But right now, the customers we’ve got—we’ve got all the good customers in Central Florida—that they bring work to us. If we take something out to one of those customers, and it’s not according to what maybe they think they want, or they really need, they’ve already given us okay to do it, or purchase orders behind it. We make it, we fab it, we take it out, and if it’s not exactly what they want, it goes right in the dumpster and we get paid for it. Because that’s the way we do business. This is what you wanted, and this is what you got. Now, if you can’t use it, that ain’t my problem. You got what you ordered. And that’s the way we do business. Morris Gotcha, sir. Okay. Could you tell me a little more about the business here then? I know we discussed earlier, but could you tell me more about what kind of work you do, and who you do it for? Groskey Well, we do sheet metal work, welding, and machine work, general machine work for the complete population. No matter what industry or what kind of a business they have going, we make. We’ve made everything you could possibly think of. We’ve made parts for outboard motors, typewriters, telephones, fishing equipment, hunting equipment, dies, jigs, drill jigs, fixtures, screw machine parts. You name it. If it was made out of metal, we made it. We make high-pressure ductwork, sheet metal ductwork. We make low-pressure ductwork. We make all kind of turning veins, fittings, the whole gamut. Whatever there is in small metalwork, we do. Morris Okay, sir. And, could you tell me how… Groskey We’ve only been stymied once or twice, and that was when we had something that was a—it was more of a compound angle, and we didn’t have facilities to do it with, but I have a friend out in Apopka that’s got a water jet machine. We took it out there to him, and he water-jetted it, and we went merrily on our way. So we have an out. We take them all. Morris Gotcha, sir. Okay. Can you tell me how your business has changed over the years or grown? Groskey The business—we try to—according to the tax structure—the way it’s set up—we’re allowed a tax deduction to amortize a piece of machinery over a five-year period. And I understand [Barack] Obama has allowed small businesses to amortize that machine in one year. And I like when we bought our big boring mill down there, that’s a $12,000 machine, we could take a tax write-off in five years for that machine for the $12,000. Well, if you happen to have a good year, that $12,000 would mean a lot if you could deduct it, but you can’t deduct it except for in a five-year period. So you wind up paying more taxes for spending more money, and that’s not right. If you’re spending more money, you should be able to deduct it. Morris Okay. Groskey If it’s shop equipment, it’s capital equipment. But now—I think they got it set up now to where you can deduct that in one-year or two-year period, rather than a five-year period. Morris And you said “amortize,” right? Groskey Yeah. Morris What does that mean, sir? Groskey The government would only allow you to deduct off of your taxes—say I bought something for $1,000—a piece of machinery for $1,000. Every year I could get a $200 reduction on that piece of machinery. Morris Okay. Groskey A tax write-off on that machinery. And at the end of five years, I had a tax write-off of that $1,000. Then that machine could no longer be amortized anymore. That machine was a dead piece of equipment in that business. It was part of the business, it made the business worth that much more, but as far as taxes go, you’re done. There’s no more relief on taxes for it. Morris Okay. So, well, I know we talked about this a little bit earlier, um, how is business doing these days? Groskey Very bad. Our little shop down there was doing great up until 2002, and I could see then it was starting to slide, because we’d have customers the whole gamut of Central Florida. We’d have everything from photographic shops to big truck manufacturers, truck garages, and the likes of that. The whole gamut. We made parts for everybody. And all of them now have started slowing down, slowing down, slowing down. Because I’m interested enough to ask, “Well, Bill, how’s it going? Is your business going?” “Yeah, we’re up about 10 percent.” “We’re up 15 percent.” And it’s this way across the board. There’s only one person that’s got a business in Central Florida that’s got more business than he can handle, and that’s the auctioneers. Now, Don [M.] Dennett in Sanford—[D. M.] Dennett Auctioneering—has been a friend of mine since he was in high school, and Don is running a very good business today. We went to a sale last week over here in Casselberry. [inaudible], a multi-million dollar company, a beautiful shop, bankrupt, up for sale, it went on the auction block. I said to Don at the sale, I said, “Don,” I said, “Why in the world would something like this happen?” He said, “There’s no volume.” There’s no volume of work. He happened to have an Air Force contract that kept him going for the last two or three years. When that contract ended, he was done, because he had so much invested in big equipment, nothing to do. He had to sell out. Don says, “I could have a sale—an auction a day, if I wanted to. There’s[sic] that many people going bankrupt.” But he only has one a week, because the market will only handle so much. Otherwise, you’d have people there buying shares for a dime and the likes of it. He waits until the smoke clears, then he’ll have another auction. Morris Okay, sir. Groskey But he is busy all the time, believe me. Right now he’s ready for two more auctions. I talked to him yesterday. He got two more shops that went out, and a bunch of restaurant equipment again. A couple more restaurants went broke, and he’s gonna sell them at the auction. But he has got more work than he knows what to do with. Because that’s people’s downfall that he’s advantaged—he’s taking advantage of. Morris This is not a problem you’re having though, sir? Groskey No. We’re sitting tight. We’re solid. We don’t owe a dime to anybody. We have one thing. We buy steel on a30-day basis. We buy sheet, plate, angle, and beam, and bar from three different companies. We pay our bills at the end of the month, every month, religiously. Every 30 days, we pay our invoices up and they’re done. We run no credit with nobody, pay cash for everything. Morris Okay, sir. The proper way to run a business, right? Groskey And 90 percent of the people—I’d say 95 percent of the people that we work for appreciate that fact, because their paperwork don’t carry over month to month to month to month. When they deal with us, and come out, if we don’t have a prior agreement of 30 days on invoice, they pay cash and bring a check with them, because that’s the only way we’ll work. We won’t chase any money. You can’t spend your time chasing bad debts. And over the last 40 years, I don’t think we’ve lost a hundred dollars, and that’s because somebody died, and there was no heirs. That’s the only reason. Morris Gotcha, sir. Well, I know you said that they ruined Central Florida. Groskey Yep. That’s right. Yep. Morris Would you say there’s anything good in Central Florida, anything that—I mean, you discussed what had gone wrong. Would anything in your mind have gone right? Groskey Well, sure. What Florida did, by them having all of their eggs in one basket with tourism, they’ve helped other industries and other things grow with them. The motel industry grew, the restaurants and the stores, the retailers and one thing another. A lot of those people now have picked up to where they rely on all of these people that’s coming in. But when people come out of the airport, and they go to Disney World, they’re more or less captive at Disney World. Now, most of them are here say two days, three days a week, something like this. their money is limited to what they can do, and when they have to spend $75 to go up to that gate, they’re gonna think twice about having to go outside to buy something. Disney’s smart enough to know this. That’s why they’ve got them captive. Restaurants, hotels, motels, the whole nine yards. Get them in the gate and keep them. But there’s[sic] still a few people who want to see Central Florida. They want to get out and look around. “We haven’t come out here.” But that—Central Florida in that respect has grown along with all the tourists, and it’s helped the people that did stay here by giving them more of an opportunity to do things. Bowling alleys, and your arts, and a lot of your museums have grown. Your arts and science have grown. Everything has helped the local people, and I consider myself to be part of the local people. But they have given us an opportunity of more things which weren’t here. Morris Okay, sir. Groskey So you can give them the benefit of the doubt. They—their finances and their establishment created an environment that people wanted. So it kind of rubs off on us local people. We’re able to go take advantage of it too. Morris Okay, sir. That’s a—I was going to say, that’s a very interesting perspective, because you never go to those parks. You never do any of those things. Groskey No, no. Morris But the benefit—the side benefits they bring with them… Groskey Right. Right. Morris Gotcha, sir. I know before you mentioned you were, that you had served in the military. Groskey The military? Morris Could you tell us about that, sir? Like what branch? Where? When? What were you doing? Groskey Well, I was in the military prior to—oh, what the hell they called it? Well, when the Japanese hit Pearl Harbor. Morris Okay. Groskey And I was in Fort Knox[, Kentucky] in the regular Army before the Japanese hit Honolulu and Oahu[, Hawaii]. Now, when I went into Fort Thomas, Kentucky—I went from there to Fort Knox. I went to Fort Thomas, Kentucky, there wasn’t enough of us in that barracks to keep the fire going at night. We had to take shifts to keep the fire going at night. They declared war. The next day, they were standing in the hallways. They had to have so many people pouring into that place. There was a mobilization overnight. Believe me. Well, when I enlisted in the service—I enlisted, I was never drafted—I enlisted in the Air Force. There was[sic] no openings. So I left Fort Thomas, Kentucky, and went to Atlantic City, New Jersey, for basic training. Well, when we got out there, of course the wartime conditions and everything—blackout at night and the whole story, everything was all window-curtains [inaudible] and the likes of it, no headlights and everything. Well, I left there and went out to Chanute Fields,<a title="">[3]</a> Illinois, and joined the Air Force. They had an opening, so I got transferred from the Third [United States] Army into the Air Force, which I had enlisted for to begin with. I wanted to get in the Air Force. So I went out there to Chanute Fields and went through tech school, graduated from tech school, and got assigned to a regular Air Force unit, and was with them for quite a while. And then, well, we stationed in California, and stationed in Texas, and stationed in New Mexico and quite a few places. And then, as the [World] War [II] progressed, they took our unit and broke it up into four units, and made air combat cargo units out of them. So what we done was to air-drop supplies, ammunition, and equipment to the troops that were on the ground. That was our main—we were a transfer. I’d say an airborne trucking outfit. But on our mission, whenever we took what we had there, if there was another outstanding hospital in the area, we went to that base and haul a load of wounded back. “Litter patients,” we used to call them. So, we’d take a load of supplies over wherever we were going, and bring a load of litter patients back to the next general hospital. And that was our total obligation. And I did that in China, Burma, and India. Now, when the war ended, we were flying into Chongqing[, China] when the war ended, from Myitkyina [West], North Burma. That was our last big U.S. air base in that part of the world. And when I say “big air base”—it was a grass, dirt strip with landing mats, but that was still—in that part of the world, that was a big air base. We flew [Douglas] C-47 [Skytrain]s, [Curtiss] C-46 [Commando]s, and [Douglas] C-54 [Skymaster]s. And when the—when the Japs—we had moved out of Myikyina and went down to Bhamo, Burma right at the war’s end. And we were flying in into Saigon[, Vietnam],<a title="">[4]</a> and when the war ended, then our orders—the way our orders were written that, at the war’s end, we will be dis—our organization, equipment, will be disbanded by the most expeditious means. And our colonel, who was Colonel Scannel[sp] [inaudible], was a 36-year-old [United States Military Academy at] West Point man and a full-command pilot. Now that’s a hard nut to crack. That’s as good as you can get in the Air Force. We were all sitting down at what they called the “bomb crater.” We had a movie that night. Just a big bombed-out hole in the ground. We was all sitting around. They suddenly flashed the lights on the camera, and he says, “Boys, it’s all over.” And it took about a minute for it to sink in—the fact that the war was over. And it was. And then two days later, we pulled out of there, loaded our planes, we went back down into Tasgaon, India. But when we left, all the tents, all the equipment, the toolboxes, everything that was left on that strip, was either given to the hill tribes or was destroyed in the fire. We closed the base up, and that’s the way we left. Now, one story that vividly sticks in my mind was at Myitkyina—that’s M-Y-I-T-K-I-N-A<a title="">[5]</a>—Myitkyina, North Burma. Before the war, it was a big town. Well, the Japanese, in order to go on their route from Japan—through China into India—that’s what their object was. They’d already just about taken over China, and they were into India pretty deep. Well, our object was to see that they didn’t get any further. We were kind of stopped dead [inaudible] in the middle. MARS Task Force and Merrill’s Marauders [inaudible] were the ground troops, and we’d get everything they had—ate, fed, shot, and whatever—we supplied them—air-dropped whatever to get to them. Well, one day, on the south end of our strip, was[sic] two fighter groups that supported us as air cover while we were flying and dropping supplies—the 82nd and 93rd fighter group. There was [North American Aviation] P-51 [Mustang]s and [Republic] P-47 [Thunderbolt]s. Now, most of these fighter planes, they were bombing down at the—in the Mekong valley [inaudible], and they were down around the bridge over the River Kwai.<a title="">[6]</a> That was one of their last bombing missions. Well, the line chief and I were standing alongside the strip, and we was[sic] watching it. They’d take off about five, six, seven planes at a time. They’d fly together as a group, low-altitude bombing on these targets, like roads and bridges and commercial buildings that was of value to Japanese. So, Master Sergeant Hinky [inaudible] and I were standing there with a hot—typical hot day—and we was watching these P-47s take off, one right after the other. Well, when a fighter plane’s carrying a thousand-pound bomb under the belly of it, they got a load. Well, they would start up there at the end of the strip, and they’d tow [inaudible] them. They were full-throttle. By the time they got halfway up the strip, they’d be just about off the ground. And at the end of the strip was rice paddies and jungle. Well, we watched these planes—one, two, three. And the third one coming down the line on all of a sudden, he went straight up in the air. And line chief said to me, said, “Well, look at that damn fool.” And I said, “Yeah, but look at there.” And a thousand-pound bomb had let go of the bottom of that plane, and here he was coming down the middle of the strip tail first—a thousand-pounder. So Hinky looked at me, and I looked at him, and I said, “We better duck.” And we went under the first thing that was there, and it was a big truck, and we went under it. Well, that bomb went right at the end of the strip, went right out in the rice paddy, and just settled down as nice-you-please and didn’t explode. It went “poof” right in the mud. We crawled out from the trunk and Hinky said to me, he said, “Damn, that was close.” I says[sic], “Too close.” And I said, “Yeah, but look where we were.” And we were underneath a tanker full of hundred-octane gasoline. Oh, boy. That was a nice experience to have. That was just one of the little things that happened throughout the war. Morris When did you, what age were you signed up, sir? Groskey My 21st birthday. I was in combat. Morris Okay. When did you, uh—but you said you signed—you enlisted prior to World War II, correct? Groskey Yeah. I was 18. Morris Oh, okay. And did you enlist right after high school? Groskey Yeah. Morris Okay, sir. And, um… Groskey Matter of fact, about—I went to trade school. Morris Oh. Groskey That’s how I got my start to shops [inaudible]. I was going to trade school, and we had just finished. The way our school worked—it was called Dayton Cooperative High School. They had—well, all the instructors were professional people. They were professional in their trade. Well, the shops is what I was in basically, and of course, all of the instructors were master toolmakers. Well, when the war started, my class was just about ready. We went to school two weeks and worked two weeks. That’s the way co-op[erative] was set up. You had to carry a[sic] 80 average to go to school. If you didn’t maintain your class grades, as well as your shop grades, you got pulled out. You had to go to a regular school. You could no longer become a craftsman. You had to be interested and have a know-how to what you wanted to do. You had to want to know what you were doing. Well, at that time—that was in—oh, I think we graduated in December that year—and I went into the service September, just prior to that. And I’d say 90 percent of our class—males in our class—all went in about the same time. The whole class of ’41 just about all went in the military just about the same time. And I don’t think—of course, we lost track of all of them—but I don’t think after graduation—that year after graduation—it wasn’t more than a handful that even graduated after that because they all went in the service. Morris Was that very normal at the time, sir? Groskey Yes. Very much so. Morris Oh, okay. Groskey The patriotism was extremely high. They had—Japanese had submarines out off the East Coast, they had submarines off the West Coast. They were at our back door. Morris Hm. Okay, sir, and you said you served for five years? Groskey Mmhm. Morris And did you—was that when the war was over, or... Groskey Yeah. Yeah. Morris And you came… Groskey I was in the 1348th air combat—air drop unit. And, when that—our orders were cut in North Africa before we left Algiers[, Algeria], when we was sent into the CBI (China-Burma-India] Theater, the general that wrote our orders for our outfit said that, “You will be there for the duration plus six months.” Now that’s just like a life sentence. How long will it last? You gotta be there, and six months more. But luckily, when it ended, we was gone out of there off of our former base in two days—three days at the most. We went what they called “down the valley” into India, then we stayed there to be “disoriented”—is what they called it—to be re-civilianized. We had to turn in our guns, and all of our grenades, and all of our fighting equipment, and try to be civilians. Well, that didn’t—took longer than that to do. But anyway, we stayed there, I’d say, for a period we was in Tasgaon, India—for about a month. And then we got on the [USS] General [M. B.] Stewart and came home. We came home first-class on a big general ship, which was a well-relief. We could have hot meals. You had a bed to sleep on. I mean, you wasn’t[sic] sleeping on the ground. I mean, we’re civilians now. Yeah. This is really living. Well, anyway, we got back into Camp Atterbury, Indiana, which was a discharge center. And the man in charge of the center—our whole outfit was there. We had 1,300 men and officers with our whole complete unit. All of our pilots were drafted civil pilots—Delta, Eastern, all of them were commercial pilots. They hated the military. Between them and us, the ground people, we got along fine, because we didn’t like it either. We got along great. Well anyway, when we got into Camp Atterbury, we got all the shots and all the rest of the stuff, and turned everything in, and got all the paperwork done, the commanding officer of that base had our commander, General Scannel—or Colonel Scannel—stand up, and he said, “Colonel,” he said, “we want to offer you people, your outfit, 1,380 men, all an increase in rank, one rank, with a one-year contract.” The Colonel says, “I would like to speak for our men, in behalf of them.” He said, “We have 1,500 hours, most of us, of combat flying.” He said, “We want to go home and stay there. It’s your baby. We quit.” And that’s the way it ended. There wasn’t one man re-enlisted. We had it. Morris You had your fill? Groskey We had it. Don’t want no part of it. But I’ll tell you still today—still today, there’s[sic] things at night flash through my mind of what we had done and what we did. Morris Well, thank you for your service. Groskey It sticks in your mind. At that time, and the way the elements, and the way everything was, you don’t forget things like that. No, I don’t care how old you get, you will not forget them. You try to, but there’s[sic] things that always come back, like things that got blew[sic] up, and things that got burnt out, and stuff. You don’t forget it. I don’t care what you do. I’d be down running lath, and sometime you remember that time or something like that. We changed an engine [inaudible], and we used to call him “Tokyo Joe.” There was a zero. He used to come over about two o’clock every afternoon, and he’d drop what they called cluster bombs. Small, little ones. Just enough to worry you. Well, one of them hits your tent—boy, you got a mess. Blow everything up. Tokyo Joe would come out every afternoon two o’clock, and he’d drop a few cluster bombs, and back over the mountains he’d go. Well finally, one day, we had a [Lockheed] P-38 [Lightning] group that was going into Saigon. And this one pilot, he said, “Well, you know,” he said, “I’m gonna get that S.B.” He said, “I can fly higher than he can.” So here come old Tokyo Joe over one afternoon right after chow, and we seen[sic] this boy fire that P-38 up and he went straight up in the air, and Tokyo Joe knew something was happening. He turned tail and started to run, and before he got over the base of the Chin Hills, he blew him out of the sky. That was the end of the Japs. That was the last time we had him. Morris No more Tokyo Joe? Groskey No more Tokyo Joe. Morris Well, what would you do with your afternoons after that, then, sir? Groskey Oh, we worked, we worked round the clock. We had them—our planes flew seven days a week, 24 hours a day. Morris Okay, sir. How long after you got back before you moved to Florida? How long did that take? Did you have to shovel snow for a winter? Groskey No. it wasn’t too long. A couple years. Yeah. Morris Oh okay, sir. Groskey Well, I was just feeling things out to try to become a civilian again, and decide which way I wanted to go. I knew I wanted to be into metalwork, but I didn’t know how I wanted to approach it. I didn’t know exactly how I wanted to do it—how I wanted to really get things started. And then, as we got married, and we had a couple kids, and one thing another started, I said, “Well, I gotta get my own business going. That’s all there is to it.” I just can’t—I can’t work for somebody else, because he’s not only going to take the cream of the crop, and I’m going to do all the dirty work. I want to be in a position where I can do the dirty work, take the cream of the crop, and try to establish some new business. Try to build a new product. Try to do things. Morris Makes sense, sir. Groskey Without being a number in somebody’s shop. So that was the way it started, that’s the way Reg Co. came about. Morris Okay, sir. Can you tell me about your family? Groskey Yeah. Morris Like who they are, how old, what year were they born? Groskey Okay. Well, we got married in 1946. And Larry [Groskey]—Larry is the oldest one. He come along a year later. And Ronnie [Groskey] was the next son born, about a year or two later. Then the twins came along about two years later. Morris Two boys? Two girls? Groskey Karen [Groskey] and Sharon [Groskey]. And then Rusty [Groskey] came along about a year after that, and then that was the end of our family. We had five children. Morris And what’s your wife’s name, sir? Groskey Mary Ann [Groskey]. Morris Oh, okay. And what are your children doing now? Groskey Well, the oldest one, Larry, is up in De Leon Springs. He’s got a rat farm. He raises rats commercially. These people that have reptiles and all kinds of weird people—they—he’s got a steady stream. He’s got quite an operation going, many buildings full of these rats. And he sells them all over the world. Now, there’s that many kooks out there, but he’s got a real good business going. Morris Okay, sir. Groskey Now, the other son, Ronnie—he’s got a drywall business. He does drywall work and painting. The girls—Sharon, my one daughter, is a schoolteacher over in Sanford. Karen is an expediter for Fed Ex downtown. And Rusty works in the shop with me. Morris Oh, okay, sir. And, do you have a—how did you meet your wife? Groskey Well, that was a long story too. At—we both worked at National Cash Register. When I came out of the service, I went to work for National Cash Register, because my dad had worked there all his life, her dad had worked there all his life. So it was just a simple matter of walking in, getting a job, because that was where you—if you decided to work there, you had a lifetime job. They didn’t hire people and fire them the next day. There was enough business in that company. It was self-sustaining. When they made National Cash Register, they went all over the world and there was boxcar loads of material coming in every day. It was its own entity. When you went to work there, you quit looking for a job, because if you couldn’t make it one department, they’d transfer you to another department. There was 38,000 people working in that building—in that factory. They could find something for you to do. They had a huge restaurant. So at noontime one day, the fellow that I was kind of running with at the time—he was a Navy man. We got along real good. He was running screw machines. So was I. So one day at noontime I said—well Friday, they always had fish fry, and boy, it was good fish. So Friday we’d go to the mess hall and eat lunch. Well, while we were sitting there eating lunch, Annie and her girlfriend—she worked up in Building 4. It was assembly—some kind of assembly job. Well anyway, her and her girlfriend was down there eating too. One of them had dropped a spoon on the floor. And I don’t know whether Mike picked it up or I did, but one of us picked it up, and we handed it to them, and we got to talking, and that’s how it started. Morris Okay, sir. Something as small as a… Groskey It was obscure as obscure can be. So I said to her, I said, “Yeah, my name’s Dick.” She said, “My name’s Ann.” And she said, “I work over in Building 4.” I said, “Well, we work in Building 27.” And we got to talking there for a few minutes, just at lunch period, and I said, “Well,” I says[sic], “where do you live?” She says, “I live out off of Smithville Road.” And I said, “Well, I live out in Walnut Hills”—both parts of east Dayton. And, I says, “Well, what are you gonna do Friday night?” She said, “I don’t know.” I said, “Well, you want to go bowling?” She said, “Sure.” I got her phone number, and that was it. We started going together. We got married, and she got laid off, because at NCR, you couldn’t have two people in the same family unless they were married, and once they got married, you couldn’t hire them. Two people can’t work there. Morris Okay. Groskey She got married. She got laid off. Well, that’s how it started. So we got married, she got laid off, and I went out, I bought a little piece of property, and I started building a house, and over a period of about two years, I got the house built, and we had all the children then. Well, most of the children then. And one thing led to another, and we outgrew that, and we went out in the country, and I bought five acres and built a house out there, and when all the children were in school, that’s when we came to Florida. Things got real bad up there, up there in the ‘50s. You couldn’t buy a job. It got the same way here, except it was localized. And I went to Indiana, went to Kentucky, I went all over. There was[sic] no jobs. Nobody was hiring. So I said, “Okay.” I said, “We’re not shoveling more snow.” I said, “We’re loading up and we’re leaving.” So I hired a local trucker. I said, “Now, I want you to move my shop.” We took just the prime equipment out of there, just enough to know we could make a living. Drills and saws, a couple laths, and one thing another. Everything else, had a public sale. Sold the house, the farm, everything. We got in the truck and we moved, come to Florida. Been here ever since. Morris Had a lot of reasons to come to Florida. Groskey Yep. And like I say, when I went to work at Trade Tool Engraving, we’ve never gone out of a job since. I went back to the motel in Titusville, I said, “I wanna pack a sandwich and a couple apples or something.” I said, “I’m going to work tonight.” She says, “You’re doing what?” I said, “I got a job over in Orlando.” She says, “You kidding me?” I says, “No. here’s the paper.” And looked at it, and she said, “Well, I’ll be damned.” Been working ever since. Morris Well, there you go, sir. Do you feel like there’s anything we haven’t talked about that you’d like to talk about? Groskey No. We’re just about as plain as you can get. Everybody in this part of the world knows us and knows what we do. We’ve got a reputation for doing a good job quick at a fair price. We—I don’t think we’ve had more than one or two disgruntled people that needed something done, and that was the fact that they were the type of people that nobody could satisfy. They have never come back, and I’m glad of it. Now, as you see, we have no advertisement whatsoever, yet we’re busy all the time. That speaks for itself. We do good work on time at a good price. And people always come back. Morris The ones you want to come back [laughs]. Groskey And they will tell somebody else. I always give them a business card. I said, “Now, your neighbor wants something done, here it is.” That’s the only advertisement we got. Morris Okay. Well, thank you, sir, for taking the time out today. Groskey I’ll show you one of my cards here. Yeah. There you got them right there. <div> <div> <a title="">[1]</a> Florida State Road 50. </div> <div> <a title="">[2]</a> Shuttle Remote Manipulator System (SRMS), also known as Canadarm 1. </div> <div> <a title="">[3]</a> Chanute Air Force Base (AFB). </div> <div> <a title="">[4]</a> Present-day Ho Chi Minh City. </div> <div> <a title="">[5]</a> Correction: Myitkyina. </div> <div> <a title="">[6]</a> Khwae Yai River. </div> </div> Altamonte Springs Atlantic City, New Jersey auctioneering Bithlo Brookville, Ohio Canadarm 1 CBI Theater China-Burma-India Theater contractors D. M. Dennett Auctioneering Dave Shaw Dayton Cooperative High School Dayton, Ohio Dick Groskey Don M. Dennett Florida State Road 50 Fort Knox, Kentucky Fort Thomas, Kentucky Historical Society of Central Florida Japan Japanese Joseph Morris Karen Groskey Larry Groskey Linda McKnight Batman Oral History Project little patients Martin Marietta Corporation Merris Walker metalworking Miami Morris, Joseph Museum of Seminole County History Myitkyina West Myitkyina, Myanmar NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration National Cash Register orlando Orlando Naval Training Center Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Reg Company Ronnie Groskey Rusty Groskey Sharon Groskey Shuttle Remote Manipulator System Springfield, Ohio SR 50 SRMS tax taxes Tokyo Joe tourism Trade Tool Engraving U.S. 1 U.S. 17-92 U.S. Air Force U.S. Army U.S. Navy U.S. Route 1 U.S. Route 17-92 USS General M. B. Stewart veterans Walnut Hills World War II WWII https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/1f463f6d22409bb7c3fe6d5880f50332.jpg 15c370e54759c90ecfdfc3f252decfd7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Sanford Collection Description The present-day Sanford area was originally inhabited by the Mayaca/Joroco natives by the time Europeans arrived. The tribe was decimated by war and disease by 1760 and was replaced by the Seminole Indians. In 1821, the United States acquired Florida from Spain and Americans began to settled in the state. Camp Monroe was established in the mid-1830s to defend the area against Seminoles during the Seminole Wars. In 1836, the United States Army built a road (present-day Mellonville Avenue) to a location called "Camp Monroe," during the Second Seminole War. Following an attack on February 8, 1837, the camp was renamed "Fort Mellon," in honor of the battle's only American casualty, Captain Charles Mellon. The town of Mellonville was founded nearby in 1842 by Daniel Stewart. When Florida became a state three years later, Mellonville became the county seat for Orange County, which was originally a portion of Mosquito County. Citrus was the first cash crop in the area and the first fruit packing plant was constructed in 1869. In 1870, a lawyer from Connecticut by the name of Henry Shelton Sanford (1832-1891) purchased 12,548 acres of open land west of Mellonville. His vision was to make this new land a major port city, both railway and by water. Sitting on Lake Monroe, and the head of the St. Johns River, the City of Sanford earned the nickname of “The Gate City of South Florida.” Sanford became not only a transportation hub, but a leading citrus industry in Florida, and eventually globally. The Great Fire of 1887 devastated the city, which also suffered from a statewide epidemic of yellow fever the following year. The citrus industry flourished until the Great Freezes of 1894 and 1895, causing planters to begin growing celery in 1896 as an alternative. Celery replaced citrus as the city's cash crop and Sanford was nicknamed "Celery City." In 1913, Sanford became the county seat of Seminole County, once part of Orange County. Agriculture dominated the region until Walt Disney World opened in October of 1971, effectively shifting the Central Florida economy towards tourism and residential development. Alternative Title Sanford Collection Subject Sanford (Fla.) Contributor <a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank">Museum of Seminole County History</a> <a href="https://www.thehistorycenter.org/" target="_blank">Orange County Regional History Center</a> <a href="http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/" target="_blank">Sanford Historical Society, Inc.</a> <a href="http://www.sanfordfl.gov/index.aspx?page=108" target="_blank">Sanford Museum</a> Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/44" target="_blank">Seminole County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Sanford, Florida Curator Marra, Katherine Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference Sanford Historical Society (Fla.). <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/53015288" target="_blank">Sanford</a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 2003. "<a href="http://www.sanfordfl.gov/index.aspx?page=48" target="_blank">Sanford: A Brief History</a>." City of Sanford. http://www.sanfordfl.gov/index.aspx?page=48. The Seminole Herald. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/52633016" target="_blank">Sanford: Our First 125 Years</a>. [Sanford, FL]: The Herald, 2002. Mills, Jerry W., and F. Blair Reeves. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/11338196" target="_blank">A Chronology of the Development of the City of Sanford, Florida: With Major Emphasis on Early Growth</a>, 1975. Has Part <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/82" target="_blank">Celery Soup: Florida’s Folk Life Play Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/65" target="_blank">Churches of Sanford Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/131" target="_blank">Creative Sanford, Inc. Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/41" target="_blank">Georgetown Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/78" target="_blank">Marie J. Francis Collection</a>, Georgetown Collection, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/101" target="_blank">Sanford Avenue Collection</a>, Georgetown Collection, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/79" target="_blank">Goldsboro Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/116" target="_blank">Henry L. DeForest Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/12" target="_blank">Hotel Forrest Lake Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/14" target="_blank">Ice Houses of Sanford Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/42" target="_blank">Milane Theatre Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/13" target="_blank">Naval Air Station Sanford Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/15" target="_blank">Sanford Baseball Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/61" target="_blank">Sanford Cigar Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/10" target="_blank">Sanford Riverfront Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/11" target="_blank">Sanford State Farmers' Market Collection</a>, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format 1 newspaper article Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title Public Opinion Sought on Taxes: Sanford Citizens to Express Views on Sales Tax Plan Alternative Title Public Opinion Sought on Taxes Subject Sanford (Fla.) Taxes--United States Description A newspaper article published by The Central Florida Press on June 20, 1930. The article announces a meeting of the League of Municipalities, and organization composed of numerous cities in Florida, to discuss the possibility of a sales tax on luxury goods for Sanford, Florida. The meeting was scheduled for June 26-27 in St. Petersburg. According to the article, the chamber of commerce in Sanford had planned to vote on the issue on June 23. Type Text Source Original newspaper article: "Public Opinion Sought on Taxes: Sanford Citizens to Express Views on Sales Tax Plan." The Central Florida Press, Vol. 1, No. 9, June 20, 1930, page 1: <a href="http://oviedohs.com/" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society</a>, Oviedo, Florida. Is Part Of "<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/5674" target="_blank">The Central Florida Press, Vol. 1. No. 9, June 20, 1930</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/items/show/5674. <a href="http://oviedohs.com/" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society</a>, Oviedo, Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/16" target="_blank">Sanford Collection</a>, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original newspaper article: "Public Opinion Sought on Taxes: Sanford Citizens to Express Views on Sales Tax Plan." The Central Florida Press, Vol. 1, No. 9, June 20, 1930, page 1. Coverage Sanford, Florida St. Petersburg, Florida Publisher The Central Florida Press Date Created ca. 1930-06-20 Date Issued 1930-06-20 Date Copyrighted 1930-06-20 Format image/jpg Extent 95.9 KB Medium 1 newspaper article Language eng Mediator History Teacher Civics/Government teachers Economics Teacher Provenance Originally published by The Central Florida Press. Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by The Central Florida Press and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Contributing Project <a href="http://oviedohs.com/" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society</a> Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository <a href="http://oviedohs.com/" target="_blank">Oviedo Historical Society</a> External Reference Talley, Louis Alan, Jack Taylor, and Dennis Zimmerman. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/27819922" target="_blank">History and Economics of U.S. Excise Taxation of Luxury Goods</a>. [Washington, D.C.]: Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, 1990. Sanford Historical Society (Fla.). <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/53015288" target="_blank">Sanford</a>. Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 2003. chamber of commerce government League of Municipalities local government luxury tax sales tax Sanford St. Petersburg taxes The Central Florida Press https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/254867a60c37e3bc46fe285fbbefc1d7.mp3 e70959dd9ada35b99b1c24356dfbdc5a https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/2896dbb425123a3a5aa5e9375e239f3d.pdf cf8be4c92aab6f192700c0aab496ff67 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title RICHES Podcast Documentaries Collection Alternative Title RICHES Podcast Collection Subject Podcasts Documentaries Description RICHES Podcast Documentaries are short form narrative documentaries that explore Central Florida history and are locally produced. These podcasts can involve the participation or cooperation of local area partners. Contributor <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a> Cassanello, Robert Language eng Type Collection Coverage Altoona, Florida Apopka, Florida Astor, Florida Barberville, Florida Brevard County, Florida Bushnell, Florida Clermont, Florida Cocoa, Florida Cocoa Beach, Florida College Park, Orlando, Florida Coral Gables, Florida Daytona Beach, Florida DeLand, Florida Disston City, Florida Eatonville, Florida Eau Gallie, Melbourne, Florida Fort King, Florida Fort Lauderdale, Florida Geneva, Florida Goldenrod, Florida Groveland, Florida Hannibal Square, Winter Park, Florida Holly Hill, Florida Hontoon Island, DeLand, Florida Indian River, Florida Jacksonville, Florida Key Biscayne, Florida Key West, Florida Kissimmee, Florida Lake Apopka, Florida Lake Buena Vista, Florida Lake County, Florida Lake Mary, Florida Marion County, Florida Merritt Island, Florida Mims, Florida Mount Dora, Florida Newnans Lake, Gainesville, Florida New Smyrna, Florida New Smyrna Beach, Florida Ocala, Florida Ocklawaha River, Florida Ocoee, Florida Orlando, Florida Ormond Beach, Florida Osceola County, Florida Oviedo, Florida Parramore, Orlando, Florida Reedy Creek, Florida Sanford, Florida Silver Springs, Florida St. Augustine, Florida St. Cloud, Florida St. Johns River, Florida St. Petersburg, Florida Tampa, Florida Titusville, Florida Vero Beach, Florida Weirsdale, Florida Winter Garden, Florida Winter Park, Florida Ybor City, Tampa, Florida Contributing Project <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a> Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a> External Reference "<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php. Has Part <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/137" target="_blank">A History of Central Florida Collection</a>, RICHES Podcast Documentaries Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>. Rights Holder <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES </a> Sound/Podcast A resource whose content is primarily intended to be rendered as audio. Original Format 1 audio podcast Duration 27 minutes and 59 seconds Bit Rate/Frequency 128kbps Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 4: Gentrification and Urban Renewal: Revitalizing Central Florida’s African American Communities Alternative Title Gentrification and Urban Renewal Podcast Subject Podcasts Documentaries Orlando (Fla.) Winter Park (Fla.) Gentrification--United States Urban renewal--Florida--Orlando Description Episode 4 of RICHES Podcast Documentaries: Gentrification and Urban Renewal. RICHES Podcast Documentaries are short form narrative documentaries that explore Central Florida history and are locally produced. These podcasts can involve the participation or cooperation of local area partners. Episode 4 examines some of the factors that led to the ultimate decline of what was once a relatively prosperous African-American community in Central Florida, the efforts that have gone into restoring them, and the effectiveness of those campaigns. Primarily looking at the history of the Parramore district and Hannibal Square, discussion topics range from the effects of urban development and gentrification to the ways in which these communities have fought to preserve their heritage and improve their neighborhoods. Abstract This podcast examines some of the factors that led to the ultimate decline of what was once a relatively prosperous African-American community in Central Florida, the efforts that have gone into restoring them, and the effectiveness of those campaigns. Primarily looking at the history of the Parramore district and Hannibal Square, discussion topics range from the effects of urban development and gentrification to the ways in which these communities have fought to preserve their heritage and improve their neighborhoods. Type Sound Source Original 27-minute and 59-second podcast by Geoffrey Cravero, April 1, 2011: "RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 4: Gentrification and Urban Renewal: Revitalizing Central Florida’s African American Communities." <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>, Orlando, Florida. Is Part Of <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>, Orlando, Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/70" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Coverage Parramore, Orlando, Florida Hannibal Square, Winter Park, Florida Creator Cravero, Geoffrey Publisher <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> Contributor Thompson, Geraldine F. Brotemarkle, Benjamin D. Chambliss, Julian C. Livingston, Fairolyn Date Created ca. 2011-04-01 Format audio/mp3 Extent 25.8 MB 151 KB Medium 27-minute and 59-second podcast 14-page digital transcript Language eng Mediator History Teacher Civics/Government Teacher Geography Teacher Humanities Teacher Provenance Originally created by Geoffrey Cravero and published by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>. Rights Holder <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> Accrual Method Item Creation Contributing Project <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a> Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> External Reference Cox, Dale. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/781177259" target="_blank">Old Parramore: The History of a Florida Ghost Town</a>. S.l: Createspace], 2010. Dickinson, Joy Wallace "<a href="http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2006-07-02/news/ORFLASH02_1_brotemarkle-oral-history-central-florida" target="_blank">Parramore Legacy: 'Black History is Part of Everybody's History'</a>." The Orlando Sentinel, July 2, 2006. http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2006-07-02/news/ORFLASH02_1_brotemarkle-oral-history-central-florida. "<a href="http://deimos.apple.com/WebObjects/Core.woa/Browse/ucf.edu.2577623765.02577623773.7292816977?i=1331393182" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 4: Gentrification and Urban Renewal</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. http://deimos.apple.com/WebObjects/Core.woa/Browse/ucf.edu.2577623765.02577623773.7292816977?i=1331393182. Frazier, Amanda E. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/47806651" target="_blank">On the Other Side of the Tracks: Redevelopment in West Winter Park</a>. Thesis (A.B. Honoris)--Rollins College, 2001, 2001. Florida. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/435532264" target="_blank">Urban Revitalization in Florida</a>. [Tallahassee, Fla.]: Florida Legislative Committee on Intergovernmental Relations, 2005. "<a href="http://www.cityoforlando.net/economic/pathways-for-parramore/" target="_blank">History of Pathways for Parramore</a>." City of Orlando. http://www.cityoforlando.net/economic/pathways-for-parramore/. Livingston, Fairolyn. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/68757928" target="_blank">A Window on Hannibal Square: A View of Life in Early Westside Winter Park and a Portrait of the Lives and Careers of Walter B. Simpson and Frank R. Israel, the Only Black Men to Every Hold Office in the City of Winter Park, Florida</a>. 1997. Russin, Teresa. <a href="http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0021792" target="_blank">The Community Land Trust Model and Smart Growth Principles As a Means to Provide Affordable Housing in the Face of Gentrification</a>. [Gainesville, Fla.]: University of Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0021792. "<a href="http://www.hannibalsquareheritagecenter.org/aboutus.html" target="_blank">Welcome</a>." Hannibal Square Heritage Center. http://www.hannibalsquareheritagecenter.org/aboutus.html. "<a href="http://www.hannibalsquare.com/" target="_blank">Welcome to the Hannibal Square Association</a>." Hannibal Square Association. http://www.hannibalsquare.com/. Click to View (Movie, Podcast, or Website) <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/files/original/254867a60c37e3bc46fe285fbbefc1d7.mp3" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Episode 4: Gentrification and Urban Renewal: Revitalizing Central Florida’s African American Communities</a> Date Copyrighted 2011-04-01 Date Issued 2011-04-01 Requires Multimedia software, such as <a href="http://www.apple.com/quicktime/download/" target="_blank"> QuickTime</a>. Table Of Contents 0:00:00 Introduction 0:03:40 Founding of Parramore 0:04:22 Effects of integration 0:07:17 William Monroe Wells and the South Street Casino 0:08:35 Interstate Highway 4 and the decline of Parramore 0:12:00 Hannibal Square and Winter Park 0:14:22 Real estate and infrastructure 0:17:33 Revitalization and gentrification 0:27:21 Conclusion Transcript Lester I’m Dr. Connie [L.] Lester, the Director of the RICHES program, and you are listening to the RICHES documentary podcast. [radio static] Lester Welcome to the RICHES documentary podcast. RICHES—the Regional Initiative for Collecting the Histories, Experiences, and Stories of Central Florida—is an umbrella program housing interdisciplinary public history projects that bring together different departments at the University of Central Florida with profit and nonprofit sectors of the community in order to promote the collection and preservation of the region’s history. By facilitating research that records and presents the stories of communities, businesses, and institutions in Central Florida, RICHES seeks to provide the region with a deeper sense of its heritage. This series feature a podcast every two weeks, in the middle and at the end of each month that will explore various aspects of Central Florida history. In today’s episode, “Gentrification and Urban Renewal: Revitalizing Central Florida’s African-American Communities,” Geoffrey Cravero examines some of the reasons that these once flourishing neighborhoods began to decline, and what city leaders are doing to save these communities. Cravero Hi. I’m Geoffrey Cravero, and in today’s episode, “Gentrification and Urban Renewal: Revitalizing Central Florida’s African-American Communities,” we’re gonna be speaking with Representative Geraldine [F.] Thompson and Dr. Benjamin [D.] Brotemarkle about the Parramore district of Downtown Orlando, and Dr. Julian C. Chambliss and Fairolyn Livingston about Hannibal Square, the African-American side of Winter Park, Florida. Central Florida’s African-American community was once relatively prosperous, consisting of a thriving business district, populated by a mix of professionals and working-class families, and in many ways, quite self-sufficient. This podcast will examine some of the factors that led to the ultimate decline of these regions, the efforts that have gone into restoring them, and the overall effectiveness of those campaigns. Geraldine Thompson has been a representative in the Florida State Legislature since 2006. A former educator and administrator at Valencia Community College, she is also a founder of the Wells’ Built Museum of African American History and Culture. The Executive Director of the Florida Historical Society, Dr. Brotemarkle has written several books on Florida history and culture, including Crossing Division Street: An Oral History of the African American Community in Orlando and Beyond the Theme Parks: Exploring Central Florida. You might also recognize him as the producer and host of Florida Frontiers, the weekly radio magazine of the Florida Historical Society. Dr. Julian Chambliss is an associate professor of history at Rollins College, specializing in 19th and 20th century urban America, African-American history in Florida, race and ethnicity, American planning history, as well, as other topics related to the urban experience. Born in Hannibal Square, Fairolyn Livingston has spent most of her life in the community, and is now Manager of the Hannibal Square Heritage Center. I’d like to thank each of our guests for taking the time to speak with us. I asked Representative Thompson and Dr. Brotemarkle to tell us about the rise and fall of Orlando’s Parramore community. Thompson Parramore was founded in the 1800s, uh, when the city was just, uh, beginning to form, and it was the location where many African Americans lived initially. The city was separated, as was the case throughout the South, generally by the railroad tracks. You had the, uh, white community on one side and the African-American community on the other side. So, uh, Parramore is just west of the railroad tracks in Downtown Orlando, and the pioneers in the African-American community who made significant contributions to the City [of Orlando] and to Central Florida lived in Parramore. When the community went through integration at the end of, uh, “legally sanctioned apartheid” —is what I call it—uh, the idea was that, in order to get true integration, you had to close some of the major institutions in Parramore. So you saw the schools, uh, close. Many of the churches also moved out. Uh, the Parramore area had become saturated, and people needed other places to live, and so, uh, places like Washington Shores, the Richmond Heights area, uh, Carver Shores, were established and many people moved to those areas which were, at that time, considered the suburbs, and many of the professionals who lived in Parramore also moved, and so you left behind, uh, people who were, for the most part, renters, who did not own the properties where they lived. Uh, there was very little that was owner-occupied in Parramore—a lot of absentee landlords. So when you lost the major institutions like your schools, your churches, the professional individuals who had made it the economic and the social hub for African Americans in Central Florida, then an element, uh, of crime began to—to build, and, uh, there were a lot of problems, and quite frankly, a lot of the decision-makers, who were deciding what was going to happen and how Central Florida, uh, would grow, did not really consider Parramore worthy of much of an investment, and so that’s what led to a blighted area for a very long time. There have been a lot of very effective efforts to bring business back into the community. Uh, there is one charter school now in the community—the Nap Ford [Community] School. Other than Nap Ford, however, there are still no schools in Parramore. The students are bussed out to nine different, uh—different schools in—in the area. Uh, the businesses that have come into the area include, uh, the Bank of America. You now have the Federal Courthouse that is also built in the Parramore area, as well, as the Florida A[gricultural] & M[echnical] University College of Law. Uh, the Wells’ Built Museum, which is in the former Wells’ Built Hotel, um, is celebrating now 10 years—our 10th anniversary, and so we have been able to document, and to preserve, and to share a lot of the history of Parramore, which makes people much more aware that it is a significant co—uh, community, and as we revitalize and as we grow, it’s something worth saving. We are in the process of, uh, restoring the residence of the person who built the Wells’ Built. His name was William Monroe Wells, one of the early African-American physicians here. He came here in 1917, and in addition to a thriving medical practice, he had a social club, which was called the South Street Casino, and he brought, uh, big bands, [Edward] “Duke” [Kennedy] Ellington, [William] “Count” [James] Basie, Ella [Jane] Fitzgerald, to perform at the South Street Casino, which he owned, and after the entertainers, uh, finished performances, they didn’t have a place to stay. So that was his motivation for building a hotel, and, uh, so in addition to refurbishing the Wells’ Built and operating it as a museum of African-American history, we’re now in the process of refurbishing his home, which was located where the new Amway Center, uh, is, And that’s another business that has come into Parramore, which is Downtown Orlando, and so the home was moved rather than, uh, to have it demolished, and we will make it part of the museum complex, and we’ll operate a museum store in Dr. Wells’ residence. So his legacy is alive and well, on South Street. Brotemarkle Well, there are many factors that—that led to the demise of the hotel and casino. Uh, first of all, eh, as—as great and wonderful and necessary as the civil rights laws of the 1960s were, once African Americans could move anywhere they wanted to, uh—and this is not unique to the Parramore neighborhood. This happened to communities throughout the South, in particular, uh, but many of the community leaders—that[sic] helped keep the infrastructure of the community together—moved out of the neighborhood. So consequently, in many cases, uh, all that were—were left were the people who couldn’t afford to move anywhere else, and actually, in the case of the Parramore neighborhood, this had actually started a little bit before that in the 1950s. People had started migrating over to the Washington Shores neighborhood in Orlando, but the—the—the civil rights laws definitely contributed to the continued exodus, uh, from the Parramore neighborhood of many of the people, uh—the community leaders. Uh, also, the building of I[nterstate Highway]-4, uh, right through—right by the—the Parramore neighborhood kind of—into that neighborhood, uh, helped to break that up a little bit, as well. Uh, that was, uh, another factor. Uh, so as these—as the community leaders moved out of the neighborhood, the Parramore neighborhood itself entered, uh, a state of social and economic decline, and, uh, I—I think it is starting to, uh, pull out of it a little bit, and that was really part of the purpose of the Wells’ Built Museum of African American History and Culture—was to be an economic engine for the neighborhood, and hopefully, tap into this cultural and heritage tourism and bring people into the neighborhood for that reason. It is a fascinating era because, uh, again, between—with—with Division Street as the dividing line the—the Parramore neighborhood was really a thriving, self-sustained community, uh, parallel to the—to the white community in Orlando. Uh, here were institutions, Jones High School, uh, many of the churches, uh, that really created a strong fabric. Uh, uh, there was a, uh, uh, African-American chamber of commerce there in the Parramore neighborhood. There were black theatres. There were everything that the community needed right there. Uh, tailors, and—and businesses of all types were right there, and—and of course, the Wells’ Built Hotel and South Street Casino right in the middle of all this—this—this thriving African-American community. So it’s really an interesting, uh, look at history, and—and also, the unintended negative impact of those civil rights laws in the 1960s, again, as—as wonderful and as necessary as they were, they really did have this—this unintended negative impact when, uh, some of the community leaders moved out, and, again, the building of I-4, kinda right through the heart of the community, and, uh, the East-West Expressway too, meeting right there, uh, caused further problems, uh, but I—I think that the community is—is pulling out of that era of social and economic decline that it suffered in the late 20th century, and hopefully the Wells’ Built Museum of African American History and Culture is contributing to that. Cravero Dr. Chambliss and Mrs. Livingston describe some of the factors that enabled Hannibal Square and Winter Park to grow into thriving communities, and how this prosperity has affected the development and gentrification of the region. Chambliss Well, in that early period, um, Hannibal Square, was, I think, able to grow and be successful because, of the model of, uh, attracting residents, promoting, uh, Winter Park as a sort of like leisure, uh, vacation destination, uh, and this has really become at the core of the identity of Winter Park. If you think about Winter Park over time, it really was founded by [Loring] Chase and [Oliver E.] Chapman as a sort of destination location for people who wanted to sort of live a certain kind of sort of leisurely lifestyle. Well, into, uh, 20th century that—that has been maintained. If you look at the growth of Winter Park, uh, which grew rapidly after, uh—in the 1930s and 1940s and 1950s, like, and the people of Winter Park recognize. It’s part of the reason that it grew is because, like, they really sort of like saw the place as a kind of residential haven, and the fact—by the time you get to the 1950s, um, the city is known as the “City of Homes.” Um, and part of this is because they have like a large number of wealthy residents. Again, those wealthy residents have servants, and some of those servants are working in—in—are black people, uh, working in these white homes and then going back across the railroad tracks to Hannibal Square. So like, they have this steady work from all these rich people and that really does affect Hannibal Square. At the same time, there’s a number of architectural—James Gamble Rogers is a very well-known architect—really sort of crystallized the architectural identity of Winter Park, with a fresh revival—a Medi—a Mediterranean revival style. So when you look at the homes, there’s a lot of like talk about Winter Park and Park Avenue—really sort of like crystallizes that sort of European style, uh, café culture look, right? And that really starts in 1960, and they really sort of keep trying to promote that. The chamber of commerce does a great job of trying to promote that and maintains it really today. it’s one of the reasons that these places really talk about Winter Park. They tend to talk about it as a place where you just want to kind of like stroll, in sharp contrast to the rest of the sort of retail and vacation experience in the rest of Central Florida, and as a consequence, the growth of the east side of Winter Park has been phenomenal, and the value of land there has grown tremendously, and so much so that by the time you get to the late 1990s, uh, arguably, the east side of Winter Park is built out, alright? So you can’t cheaply acquire land on the east side of Winter Park. You can buy a lot and—and really, we’re talking—we’re talking about the high-end of the real estate bubble, and Winter Park was one of the places where values were extremely high, and so the east side, really, by—by every stretch of the imagination is really sort of built up in value, um, over the period of the town. The west side, which was the black side—which was sort of like off limits because it was—because of segregation—had lagged behind. It started out with the development of the town, as I—as I said, a sort of economic area where African-American property owners, and—and business owners, and African-American businesses were flourishing in Hannibal Square, but very quickly, with the end of—of official Jim Crow segregation, um, you see middle-class people moving out, and the median income and the median age on the west side of Winter Park really starts to—the income starts to go down. The age starts to go up, and services for the west side don’t keep. in fact, [inaudible] great stories about the fact that the roads, on the west side of Winter Park, weren’t really sort of kept up at the same level as the roads on the east side of Winter Park, And other kinds of infrastructure issues like that, and as a consequence, the value of homes and property on the west side lagged behind that was on the east side of Winter Park. So value of black property lagged behind value of white property, which is common. As a result of that, there’s a lot of push, um, to do something about the—the view—the view-scape and the housing stock on the west side, and if you go back and look at some of the language that people use in the city council meetings or in some of the things that people are saying when they—they’re pointing to houses that are boarded up, they’re talking about a spike in crime, and indeed, there is a real concern that Hannibal Square, which by this time, is no longer home of like businesses more like light retail and bars and things like that—convenience stores—that are really the haven for—in the minds of white residents, at least—crime and violence. Indeed, there is[sic] the police reports show large number of drug arrests or suspicious crime in the west side in 1980s and early 1990s, and it really sort of spurs on dialogue about what needs to be done to improve the housing stock to clean up Hannibal Square and basically correct this problem, and there are a variety of reasons for this. I mean, some of it was the crime, but also, if you look at the way that the town is laid out, if you’re coming in through[?] the main drag, coming in—off of, like, Orlando Avenue, one of the main sort of like entry points into the city of Winter Park is through, um, Morris [Avenue], and you basically go through the heart of the black community to do that, and if you go back to the 1990s, that looked radically different than it does now. If you look at it now it looks actually quite nice, ‘cause it’s been rezoned and it—there’s new buildings, uh—office buildings, mix-use stuff—but back then, it—there were homes there, and some of them were boarded up, and the City had routinely had issues or had programs in place where they were trying to address this question, of, like, the quality of housing stock on the west side. They had some housing rehabilitation programs that they created in the 1970s. They supported, of course, you know, the creation of the Winter Park Community Center in Hannibal Square, but really, you know, the economy changed, as I said, and the median age started to creep up. So you get a large number of elderly people who, eh, own property—been in their family for generations—but they couldn’t keep it up in a way that the City might want, and so—so this created an opportunity for developers to come into, um, the west side and champion sort of a new push to sort of rehabilitate the region, and this made sense from the City’s standpoint, because, like, depressed property is low—low tax property. so if you want to increase your tax base, you want to improve the—the value of the property there—but it also created, like, a high gentri—gentrifying push, because, remember, you can’t cheaply build anything on the east side of town. So for most developers, they’re really looking to do a big project. they kind of have to do it on the west side of town. They had to do it west of the railroad tracks. So in the late 1990s and the ear—early 2000s, the City of Winter Park creates a Community Redevelopment Agency—the CRA—and the sort of focal point of the CRA is the sort of box that is bordered by Park Avenue on the east, Webster Avenue on the north, and, like, [U.S. Route] 17-92, and then Fairbanks [Avenue]. So it’s a huge block, and basically it’s Park Avenue and Downtown Winter Park, and the black side of town. So that’s a huge swath of land, and it—it’s prime real estate that could be developed, but is also, primarily, the heart of the black community, and almost immediately, large numbers of residents in the black community recognized that the City’s efforts to improve the area of the CRA was going to push out the black community. Now, from the City’s standpoint, the City’s always maintained that its goal was to maintain the character of the black community or the character of Hannibal Square, but if you’re going to allow traditional market forces to be your primary vehicle to achieve this, then gentrifying effects are almost unavoidable. You can’t, as the city’s done—like the city’s done a, uh, sort of three-tier sort of approach. It’s provided loans for businesses to move into Hannibal Square. It totally redesigned, um, Shady Park, which is in the center of Hannibal Square, in response to some of the crime and complaints of some of the businesses that were being enticed into the—into the area, because of the CRA. So the old part was—had a lot of benches and—and shading covers, and—and older people would hang out there and talk, and the new park sort of took all that away, and is much more aesthetically pleasing, but is also a place where you can’t really linger, which made a lot of sense, in terms of trying to address some of these questions about crime and—and—and disruption associated with that area—um, but they also worked very diligently to eliminate some of the bars, some of the focal points of crime, and that was successful. They moved in new businesses so that Dexter’s on Winter Park, uh—Dexter’s a fairly well-known restaurant chain in the area—where it became like really an anchor and they created a parking lot for it, and then a number of other businesses—light retail, service-oriented, and restaurant businesses—moved in, and of course there was a train—a change in the infrastructure or the sort of decorative infrastructure of the street. So like you had the decorative brick put in, and, like, new lightening-like fixtures—so basically, extending the feel and look of Park Avenue, down New England [Avenue] into, uh, the heart of the community, which was Hannibal Square. Of course, African Americans felt and, I think, some of them continue to feel that that process is deliberately pushing them out, and they have a point, because once all that—all that was in place, one of the things that started happening is that the—the tax assessment for the area started to change. People had previously—been sort of locked at a tax assessment of like, you know, a very low number. Everything gets reassessed when a large number of businesses start moving in. So these are older people. Remember, the demographics of the area are that the older people are staying and younger people are moving out. So the old people tend to be on fixed incomes, and pensions, living off their retirement savings. So a big hit, in terms of—“I used to pay $500 in taxes. Now, I’m paying a thousand.” It’s a huge deal, and because the property on the west side, as I said, had not kept up with property on the east side, there was a new assessment on all the value of the property. So people were being offered you know, two, three, four times what they bought the property for originally—and to move out—and some of them were, and this is one of the things that really sort of like characterized the region. So, um, at the height of the real estate bubble, there was tremendous gentrifying pressure on Hannibal Square, and lots of developers were active in the area, and probably the most famous ones was Dan Bellows, who’s usually associated with the transformation of Hannibal Square. he has a number of big projects, and, you know, sort of mixed-use with retail on the bottom and residential on the top, and that really sort of, like, changed the nature of the community, and Bellows is often painted as a boogeyman, and there are a number of stories associated with him, but he’s sort of emblematic of a kind of push to create new construction in the area, in part because that’s the place where you can with relatively minimal investment do something big, and that has been the sort of overriding problem for the west side for many years. There has been, for well over a decade—I mean, since the late 1990s, I think, there’s been a sort of push to—“There’s going to be the in here. I want to improve the west side. I want to bring more businesses here,” and as a result, uh, longtime residents have, um, sort of been displaced. There are new businesses there, but they don’t really cater to the residents, or nor do they really employ the residents, which is also really problematic. I mean, you don’t really see west side residents going to eat at Dexter’s. So from a sort of symbolic standpoint, African Americans feel that they’re being pushed down, and from an economic standpoint, there are push and pull factors that are hastening the exit of African Americans in the area. Livingston Leading up to, uh, the Civil Rights Movement and even probably as early as 19—late 1940s, after the, uh—World War II, the job market begin[sic] to change a bit. More opportunities will open up for, uh—for Afro-Americans. Many Afro –Americans, uh, went away—military, school, whatever the case may be—and didn’t come back, because they felt there was nothing here for them, outside of service to somebody else. They wanted to have real careers and—and—and do big things in the world, and as a result of that, the community began to age, if you will, and certainly after the Civil Rights Movement and—and moving forward, many more of our young people are moving away, because they feel that they don’t have access or they can’t make it in this area in—in—in Winter Park, you know? It’s been a painful process for them. Generally, uh, when you’re talking gentrification, between the original people who were in a place, and the wealthier people who come into the place, there’s usually a group—a group in between, but for us, we went—we went—we went right from, um, families being displaced to a business area that really doesn’t have any services that local people find of service to themselves. So gentrification’s been a hurtful process, because when people come in to redevelop, they don’t come in to redevelop for the people who are there. They don’t get input from the people in the community, because that’s not what’s gonna drive the dollar, you know? Nobody’s gonna come in and put in affordable housing or affordable rental units outside of a group such as Habitat for Humanity, who’s doing a great job, and the Hannibal Square Community Land Trust. Uh, people felt that they were just pushed aside, and the most painful thing was the picture that was painted of the neighborhood. That’s what they did. They just [inaudible] and made it like a noose, and put it around the necks of the people in this neighborhood, and pulled the chair. See, some people have been injured over and over and over again. They were injured during slavery. Then, after Reconstruction, they were injured again, and then, Jim Crow came along, and they were injured. So they’ve been injured over and over, and when you keep injuring people, and they[?] don’t get a chance to heal, it—it can really do something to—to them. You know, even though on the outside, they look cold, and they’re moving forward, and they’re doing things, there’s still a pain in their souls that is just almost undescribable[sic]. Cravero I’d like to thank our guests, Representative Thompson, Dr. Brotemarkle, Dr. Chambliss, and Mrs. Livingston for joining our discussion. I’m Geoffrey Cravero. Thank you for listening. Lester Thank you for listening to the RICHES documentary podcast. Feel free to contact us with any questions or comments on the program that you just heard. Please join us for the next episode, “[Episode 5:] A History of Gay Days.” [radio static] African American African-American community African-American neighborhood Amway Center apartheid Bank of America Basie, William James "Count" Bellows, Dan Beyond the Theme Parks: Exploring Central Florida Brotemarkle, Benjamin D. Carver Shores casino Chambliss, Julian C. Chapman, Oliver E. Chase, Loring civil rights Civil Rights Movement Community Redevelopment Agency CRA Cravero, Geoffrey crime Crossing Division Street: An Oral History of the African-American Community in Orlando desegregation Dexter's displacement doctor documentary Downtown Orlando East Winter Park elderly Ellington, Edward Kennedy "Duke" ethnicity Faribanks Avenue federal courthouse FHS Fitzgerald, Ella James Florida A&M University Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University Florida Frontiers Florida Historical Society Florida House of Representatives Florida Legislature gentrification Habitat for Humanity Hannibal Square Hannibal Square Community Land Trust heritage historic preservation historic restoration HOTEL I-4 integration Interstate Highway 4 Jones High School legislature Lester, Connie L. Livingston, Fairolyn Mediterranean revival architecture Morris Avenue museum Nap Ford Community School orlando Orlando Avenue park Park Avenue Parramore physician podcast preservation property value race race relations real estate real estate bubble real estate development real estate industry real estate value revitalization RICHES Podcast Documentaries Richmond Heights Rogers, James Gamble Rollins College school segregation Shady Park South Street Casino taxes Thompson, Gerladine F. tourist U.S. 17-92 U.S. Route 17-92 urban development urban renewal Valencia Community College VCC Washington Shores Webster Avenue Wells, William Monroe Wells' Built Hotel Wells' Built Museum of African American History and Culture West Winter Park Winter Park Winter Park Community Center World War II WWII https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/ae8ed676e2e8c3cff6d24de7535825e3.pdf 0fde995dd234cbd40f9826dfa7ea7fd2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title The Maitland News Collection Alternative Title Maitland News Collection Subject Maitland (Fla.) Description The Maitland News was a local newspaper originally published by the Maitland Realty Company (and later by The Maitland News Company) which began circulation in April 1926. This edition features articles on topics such as a new town water pump, an anniversary party, tax assessment complaints, WDBO radio programming, the opening of school, locally-grown fresh fruit, a church dinner, the health concerns of a local pastor, the housing arrangements of local residents, and a local events calendar. Also featured are several advertisements for local businesses. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/113" target="_blank">Maitland Historical Museum Collection</a>, Maitland Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/112" target="_blank">Maitland Collection</a>, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/46" target="_blank">Orange County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Maitland, Florida Contributing Project <a href="http://artandhistory.org/maitland-history-museum/" target="_blank">Maitland Historical Museum, Art & History Museums - Maitland</a> Curator Settle, John Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference Poole, Leslie Kemp. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/320803902" target="_blank">Maitland</a>. Mount Pleasant, SC: Arcadia Pub, 2009. "<a href="http://www.itsmymaitland.com/maitland_history.asp" target="_blank">Maitland History</a>." City of Maitland. http://www.itsmymaitland.com/maitland_history.asp. Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format 5-page newspaper edition Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title The Maitland Courier, December 24, 1885 Alternative Title The Maitland Courier, December 24, 1885 Subject Maitland (Fla.) Description The Maitland Courier was a local newspaper published independently by proprietor C. F. Townsend in the town of Lake Maitland, Florida (present-day Maitland). This edition from December 24, 1885, is a photocopied version and some sections are illegible. Featured in this issue are articles on the supposed end of sectional strife in the United States following the American Civil War, the construction of the Seminole Hotel and the Altamonte Hotel, deep-sea dredging, horse breeding, the type of settlers that Florida wished to attract, local happenings, and several advertisements for local businesses and consumer products. Type Text Source Photocopy of original 5-page newspaper edition: The Maitland Courier, December 24, 1885: Newspaper Collection, accession number 2014.002.020V, room 2, case 2, shelf 10, box GV, <a href="http://artandhistory.org/maitland-history-museum/" target="_blank">Maitland Historical Museum, Art & History Museums - Maitland</a>, Maitland, Florida. Requires <a href="http://www.adobe.com/products/reader.html" target="_blank">Adobe Acrobat Reader</a> Is Part Of Maitland News Collection, <a href="http://artandhistory.org/maitland-history-museum/" target="_blank">Maitland Historical Museum, Art & History Museums - Maitland</a>, Maitland, Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/113" target="_blank">Maitland Historical Museum Collection</a>, Maitland Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of a photocopied newspaper edition: The Maitland Courier, December 24, 1885. Coverage Maitland, Florida Winter Park, Florida Publisher Townsend, C .F. Date Created ca. 1885-12-24 Date Issued 1885-12-24 Date Copyrighted 1885-12-24 Format application/pdf Extent 2.27 MB Medium 5-page newspaper edition Language eng Mediator History Teacher Economics Teacher Geography Teacher Provenance Originally published by C. F. Townsend. Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by C. F. Townsend and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Settle, John Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository <a href="http://artandhistory.org/maitland-history-museum/" target="_blank">Maitland Historical Museum, Art & History Museums - Maitland</a> External Reference <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZCMiAQAAIAAJ&lpg=PA1168&ots=4gF1GoLq3Z&dq=the%20maitland%20courier%20newspaper&pg=PA121#v=onepage&q=maitland&f=false" target="_blank">Rowell's American Newspaper Directory</a>. Vol. 19. New York: George P. Rowell & Company, 1887. December 1, 2009. Accessed June 7, 2016. Has Format Original 8-page newspaper issue: The Maitland Courier, Vol. 1, No. 4, December 24, 1885: <a href="http://www.maitlandpubliclibrary.org/" target="_blank">Maitland Public Library</a>, Maitland, Florida. agriculture Altamonte Hotel B. D. Stone B. J. Taliaferro C. C. Haskell C. F. Townsend Church of Good Shepard citrus citrus industry E. Turner G. B. Van Dyke G. T. Stith George E. Hudson Horace Greeley horse horse breeding HOTEL I. Vanderpool J. A. Richardson J. C. Eaton J. D. Bowen J. E. Clark J. W. Spitler K. Turner Lake Maitland M. J. Spitler Maitland Maitland Real Estate Agency N. A. Wilson notary public Odd Fellows of Manchester, England orlando Percheron horse R. L. Hungerford R. V. Pierce railroad Remington Sewing Machine Richardson Currie Roscoe Conkling S. H. Pullman S. J. Powe Sanford Seminole Hotel Tavares Herald taxes The Maitland Courier W. A. Heard W. A. Morris W. B. Whipple W. H. Massey Whitlaw Reid William B. Jackson William Hall William J. Coughlin Winter Park https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/7d56d6c288e589ce4001b15c392d3a48.pdf 55030e3991a08ffe35d490cb634bf856 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title The Maitland News Collection Alternative Title Maitland News Collection Subject Maitland (Fla.) Description The Maitland News was a local newspaper originally published by the Maitland Realty Company (and later by The Maitland News Company) which began circulation in April 1926. This edition features articles on topics such as a new town water pump, an anniversary party, tax assessment complaints, WDBO radio programming, the opening of school, locally-grown fresh fruit, a church dinner, the health concerns of a local pastor, the housing arrangements of local residents, and a local events calendar. Also featured are several advertisements for local businesses. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/113" target="_blank">Maitland Historical Museum Collection</a>, Maitland Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/112" target="_blank">Maitland Collection</a>, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/46" target="_blank">Orange County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Maitland, Florida Contributing Project <a href="http://artandhistory.org/maitland-history-museum/" target="_blank">Maitland Historical Museum, Art & History Museums - Maitland</a> Curator Settle, John Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference Poole, Leslie Kemp. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/320803902" target="_blank">Maitland</a>. Mount Pleasant, SC: Arcadia Pub, 2009. "<a href="http://www.itsmymaitland.com/maitland_history.asp" target="_blank">Maitland History</a>." City of Maitland. http://www.itsmymaitland.com/maitland_history.asp. Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title The Maitland News, Vol. 01, No. 20, September 18, 1926 Alternative Title The Maitland News, Vol. 01, No. 20 Subject Maitland (Fla.) Description The Maitland News was a local newspaper originally published by the Maitland Realty Company (and later by The Maitland News Company) which began circulation in April 1926. This edition features articles on topics such as a new town water pump, an anniversary party, tax assessment complaints, WDBO radio programming, the opening of school, locally-grown fresh fruit, a church dinner, the health concerns of a local pastor, the housing arrangements of local residents, and a local events calendar. Also featured are several advertisements for local businesses. Type Text Source Original 4-page newspaper edition: The Maitland News, Vol. 01, No. 20, September 18, 1926: Newspaper Collection, accession number 2014.002.020V, room 2, case 2, shelf 10, box GV, <a href="http://artandhistory.org/maitland-history-museum/" target="_blank">Maitland Historical Museum</a>, Art & History Museums - Maitland, Maitland, Florida. Requires <a href="http://www.adobe.com/products/reader.html" target="_blank">Adobe Acrobat Reader</a> Is Part Of Maitland News Collection, <a href="http://artandhistory.org/maitland-history-museum/" target="_blank">Maitland Historical Museum</a>, Art & History Museums - Maitland, Maitland, Florida. <a href="http://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu//omeka2/collections/show/150" target="_blank">The Maitland News Collection</a>, Maitland Historical Museum Collection, Maitland Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original 4-page newspaper edition: The Maitland News, Vol. 01, No. 20, September 18, 1926. Coverage Maitland, Florida Winter Park, Florida Publisher The Maitland News Company Date Created ca. 1926-09-18 Date Issued 1926-09-18 Date Copyrighted 1926-09-18 Format application/pdf Medium 4-page newspaper edition Language eng Mediator History Teacher Economics Teacher Geography Teacher Civics/Government Teacher Provenance Originally published by The Maitland News Company. Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by the Maitland Realty Company and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Settle, John Digital Collection <a href="http://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu//map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository <a href="http://artandhistory.org/" target="_blank">Art & History Museums - Maitland</a> External Reference Poole, Leslie Kemp. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/320803902" target="_blank">Maitland</a>. Mount Pleasant, SC: Arcadia Pub, 2009. "<a href="http://www.itsmymaitland.com/maitland_history.asp" target="_blank">Maitland History</a>." City of Maitland. http://www.itsmymaitland.com/maitland_history.asp. A. B. Rowland A. E. Springer A. M. Springer A. W. Visor Agnes Hill agriculture Alvord L. Stone Anna B. Treat Anna C. Stone bank Bank of Maitland banking book Boy Scouts of America Brown's City Store Brown's Store C. B. McNair C. D. Horner church clergy Clifford R. Hiatt Donald G. Spain E. A. Upmeyer E. D. Visor E. T. Owen Edgar Allen education Eleanor Upmeyer Elizabeth Treat Ernest Upmeyer Flora's Studio fruit General Electric Company Goodyear Tires government Greenwood Lodge Harold Peat Hill School J. A. Brown J. C. Nicholson J. H. Bennett J. M. Brown James H. Visor Jane Conklin Jeanette Conklin John Nelson Kenneth N. McPherson L. W. Cook Lake Faith Lake Lily Lena Fugate library local government Louis L. Coudert M. L. Kyle M. P. Ponder Maitland Maitland Electric Shop Maitland Garage Maitland Library Maitland Lumber Company Maitland Plumbing Company Maitland Realty Company Mamie Fugate Methodist municipal government pastor Paul N. Howard Presbyterian R. A. Wheeler real estate Robert H. Visor Rollins College Rollins Press S. B. Hill, Jr. S. J. Stiggins SAL sanitarium school Seaboard Air Line Railroad Stella Waterhouse tax assessment tax commission taxes The Maitland News Town Council W. R. Sullivan water pump waterworks WDBO Radio Winter Park https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/63f8d137aa57908815f56ec5deb91553.pdf 06e376c04ac3414a5eb5424daf7564f6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title The Maitland News Collection Alternative Title Maitland News Collection Subject Maitland (Fla.) Description The Maitland News was a local newspaper originally published by the Maitland Realty Company (and later by The Maitland News Company) which began circulation in April 1926. This edition features articles on topics such as a new town water pump, an anniversary party, tax assessment complaints, WDBO radio programming, the opening of school, locally-grown fresh fruit, a church dinner, the health concerns of a local pastor, the housing arrangements of local residents, and a local events calendar. Also featured are several advertisements for local businesses. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/113" target="_blank">Maitland Historical Museum Collection</a>, Maitland Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/112" target="_blank">Maitland Collection</a>, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/46" target="_blank">Orange County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Maitland, Florida Contributing Project <a href="http://artandhistory.org/maitland-history-museum/" target="_blank">Maitland Historical Museum, Art & History Museums - Maitland</a> Curator Settle, John Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference Poole, Leslie Kemp. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/320803902" target="_blank">Maitland</a>. Mount Pleasant, SC: Arcadia Pub, 2009. "<a href="http://www.itsmymaitland.com/maitland_history.asp" target="_blank">Maitland History</a>." City of Maitland. http://www.itsmymaitland.com/maitland_history.asp. Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format 8-page newspaper edition Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title The Maitland News, Vol. 01, No. 33, December 22, 1926 Alternative Title The Maitland News, Vol. 01, No. 33 Subject Maitland (Fla.) Description The Maitland News was a local newspaper originally published by the Maitland Realty Company (and later by the Maitland News Company) which began circulation in April 1926. This edition features articles on topics such as building permits, road construction, Lily Lake beautification, sanitation laws, Christmas events, the city budget, fruit business fraud, a firemen's barbecue, the Black Bear Trail Association, school notes, library notes, the housing arrangements of local residents, and a local events calendar. Also featured are a Christmas poem by Albert Ash Allen, an essay by W. R. G. Orwick, and several advertisements for local businesses. Type Text Source Original 8-page newspaper edition: The Maitland News, Vol. 01, No. 33, December 22, 1926: Newspaper Collection, accession number 2014.002.020V, room 2, case 2, shelf 10, box GV, <a href="http://artandhistory.org/maitland-history-museum/" target="_blank">Maitland Historical Museum, Art & History Museums - Maitland</a>, Maitland, Florida. Requires <a href="http://www.adobe.com/products/reader.html" target="_blank">Adobe Acrobat Reader</a> Is Part Of Maitland News Collection, <a href="http://artandhistory.org/maitland-history-museum/" target="_blank">Maitland Historical Museum, Art & History Museums - Maitland</a>, Maitland, Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/150" target="_blank">The Maitland News Collection</a>, Maitland Historical Museum Collection, Maitland Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original 8-page newspaper edition: The Maitland News, Vol. 01, No. 33, December 22, 1926. Coverage Maitland, Florida DeLand, Florida Publisher The Maitland News Company Contributor Allen, Albert Ash Orwick, W. R. G. Date Created ca. 1926-12-22 Date Issued 1926-12-22 Date Copyrighted 1926-12-22 Format application/pdf Extent 2.96 MB Medium 8-page newspaper edition Language eng Mediator History Teacher Economics Teacher Geography Teacher Civics/Government Teacher Provenance Originally published by the Maitland News Company. Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by the Maitland Realty Company and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Settle, John Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository <a href="http://artandhistory.org/maitland-history-museum/" target="_blank">Maitland Historical Museum, Art & History Museums - Maitland</a> External Reference Poole, Leslie Kemp. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/320803902" target="_blank">Maitland</a>. Mount Pleasant, SC: Arcadia Pub, 2009. "<a href="http://www.itsmymaitland.com/maitland_history.asp" target="_blank">Maitland History</a>." City of Maitland. http://www.itsmymaitland.com/maitland_history.asp. A. G. Shadix A. M. Springer agriculture Albert Ash Allen Alexander McL. Rowland Alice Waterhouse Anna B. Treat Annie Meer B. Auxford Burks B. D. Galloway Bank of Maitland banking banks beautification Beautification Committee Black Bear Trail Black Bear Trail Association Blue Poultry Farm books Boy Scouts of America Brown's Store Bryan's Barber Shop budget building permit building permits C. A. Campbell C. D. Horner C. L. Durrance C. L. Pruyn C. M. Niven chambers of commerce Charles D. Waterhouse Charles Hasslinger Christian Christianity Christmas church churches citrus construction Dale Orwick DeLand Doris Jean Musser Doris Waterhouse E. A. Upmeyer E. D. Visor E. R. Baldwin E. R. Hanson Elmer Johnson F. A. McNair fire departments fire protection Flora's Studio Forrest B. Stone Foster R. Fanning fruit industry fruits George Hoyt Georgianna Hill government Greenwood Gardens H. A. Griner Hardware & Furniture Company Helen Waterhouse Herbert Kyle Hill School holidays housing Hugh McRae J. A. Brown J. F. Gardner J. G. Bennett J. G. Foster J. T. Stover J. T. Strong Jack Lee James Hooks Kate Vanderpool Kenneth N. McPherson L. L. Lampp Lake Lily Leon Tucker libraries library Lily Lake local government Louis L. Coudert M. C. Bryan M. J. Daetwyler M. L. Kyle M. P. Ponder Maitland Maitland Clothing and Dry Goods Store Maitland Electric Shop Maitland Garage Maitland Library Maitland Lumber Company Maitland Plumbing Company Maitland Realty Company Methodism Methodist Mildred Graham municipal government orange orange industry Orlando Realty Board Parent-Teacher Association Presbyterian Presbyterianism PTA R. A. Wheeler R. B. Wright R. P. Cobb Ray Leuthy real estate roads Robert Kilbourn Rollins College Rollins Press Ruby Lake Grove Fruit Company S. B. Hill, Jr. S. E. Reiche S. J. Stiggins sanitation schools sermons Shapiro Department Store Stella Waterhouse tax taxes Texaco Gas The Bookery The Maitland News The Orlando Sentinel Town Council town government W. A. Myers W. B. Willett W. L. Strong W. R. Orwick W. T. Noland White Way Filling Station Winter Park Bakery Winter Park Cleaners Winter Park Fish Market Winter Park Refrigerating Company https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/b8b55a7213362fa906f442634bd3a32a.pdf f86b754d25347dd9b45098d81983a7a4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title The Maitland News Collection Alternative Title Maitland News Collection Subject Maitland (Fla.) Description The Maitland News was a local newspaper originally published by the Maitland Realty Company (and later by The Maitland News Company) which began circulation in April 1926. This edition features articles on topics such as a new town water pump, an anniversary party, tax assessment complaints, WDBO radio programming, the opening of school, locally-grown fresh fruit, a church dinner, the health concerns of a local pastor, the housing arrangements of local residents, and a local events calendar. Also featured are several advertisements for local businesses. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/113" target="_blank">Maitland Historical Museum Collection</a>, Maitland Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/112" target="_blank">Maitland Collection</a>, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/46" target="_blank">Orange County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Maitland, Florida Contributing Project <a href="http://artandhistory.org/maitland-history-museum/" target="_blank">Maitland Historical Museum, Art & History Museums - Maitland</a> Curator Settle, John Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference Poole, Leslie Kemp. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/320803902" target="_blank">Maitland</a>. Mount Pleasant, SC: Arcadia Pub, 2009. "<a href="http://www.itsmymaitland.com/maitland_history.asp" target="_blank">Maitland History</a>." City of Maitland. http://www.itsmymaitland.com/maitland_history.asp. Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format 4-page newspaper edition Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title The Maitland News, Vol. 02, No. 13, March 30, 1927 Alternative Title The Maitland News, Vol. 02, No. 13 Subject Maitland (Fla.) Description The Maitland News was a local newspaper originally published by the Maitland Realty Company (and later by the Maitland News Company) which began circulation in April 1926. This edition features articles on topics such as the inspection of Maitland High School, a Chamber of Commerce party at Sanlando, town council meetings, library hours, a truck accident, a Parent-Teacher Association meeting, church services, poultry farms, a wedding, a bridges luncheon, an anti-tobacco and alcohol address to school children, a flower show for children, road construction, library notes, profitable farming, real estate trends, a State Beautification Convention in Ocala, the housing arrangements of local residents, and a local events calendar. Also featured is an essay on the first railroad in Orlando by E.W. Henck, and several advertisements for local businesses. Type Text Source Original 4-page newspaper edition: The Maitland News, Vol. 02, No. 13, March 30, 1927: Newspaper Collection, accession number 2014.002.020V, room 2, case 2, shelf 10, box GV, <a href="http://artandhistory.org/maitland-history-museum/" target="_blank">Maitland Historical Museum, Art & History Museums - Maitland</a>, Maitland, Florida. Requires <a href="http://www.adobe.com/products/reader.html" target="_blank">Adobe Acrobat Reader</a> Is Part Of Maitland News Collection, <a href="http://artandhistory.org/maitland-history-museum/" target="_blank">Maitland Historical Museum, Art & History Museums - Maitland</a>, Maitland, Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/150" target="_blank">The Maitland News Collection</a>, Maitland Historical Museum Collection, Maitland Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original 4-page newspaper edition: The Maitland News, Vol. 02, No. 13, March 30, 1927. Coverage Maitland, Florida Gainesville, Florida Ocala, Florida Orlando, Florida Sanford, Florida Publisher The Maitland News Company Contributor Henck, E.W. Date Created ca. 1927-03-30 Date Issued 1927-03-30 Date Copyrighted 1927-03-30 Format application/pdf Extent 1.58 MB Medium 4-page newspaper edition Language eng Mediator History Teacher Economics Teacher Geography Teacher Civics/Government Teacher Provenance Originally published by the Maitland News Company. Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by the Maitland Realty Company and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Settle, John Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository <a href="http://artandhistory.org/maitland-history-museum/" target="_blank">Maitland Historical Museum, Art & History Museums - Maitland</a> External Reference Poole, Leslie Kemp. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/320803902" target="_blank">Maitland</a>. Mount Pleasant, SC: Arcadia Pub, 2009. "<a href="http://www.itsmymaitland.com/maitland_history.asp" target="_blank">Maitland History</a>." City of Maitland. http://www.itsmymaitland.com/maitland_history.asp. A. B. Rowland A. M. Springer accident agriculture alcohol Alice Waterhouse Anna B. Treat Artels Dickson automobile accident bank Bank of Maitland banking Black Bear Trail book bridges Bryan's Barber Shop C. D. Horner C. M. Niven chamber of commerce Charles B. Waterhouse children church construction Cox and Bryson E. A. Upmeyer E. D. Visor E. R. Baldwin E. W. Horton F. Ellison Adams farming Florida Real Estate Commission flowers Foster R. Fanning Gainesville George F. Carleton government Greenwood Gardens H. F. Roller H. H. Fugate Hamilton & Pike Studio Herbert L. Walker high school Hill School Hungerford School J. A. Brown J. H. Bennett J. H. Hill J. W. Rice James Hatcher John Harvey Karl Lehman Kenneth N. McPherson L. L. Lampp L. W. Peat library local government Louis L. Coudert M. C. Bryan M. L. Kyle Maitland Maitland Clothing and Dry Goods Store Maitland Electric Shop Maitland Garage Maitland High School Maitland Library Maitland Lumber Company Maitland Plumbing Company Maitland Realty Company Mary Kingsley McGaffin Electric Shop Methodism Methodist municipal government N. W. Sanborn Observance-Abstinence League Ocala Orange County Chamber of Commerce Orange Hardware & Furniture Company orlando Orlando Sentinel Parent-Teacher Association poultry poultry industry Presbyterian Presbyterianism PTA R. A. Wheeler R. B. Wright R. M. Evans R. P. Cobb railroad real estate road Rollins College Rollins Press Ruby Fugate Ruby Lake Grove Fruit Company S. B. Hill S. B. Hill, Jr. S. J. Stiggins Sanford sanitation Sanlando Golf Club school Southern Clay Manufacturing Company State Beautification Convention Stella Waterhouse taxes The Bookery The Maitland News tobacco Town Council town government Vail Dunlap W. R. G. Orwick wedding William C. Rice Winter Park Cleaners Winter Park Garden Club Winter Park Refrigerating Company Yellowstone Tea House https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/bfc0488e2a98618e7cfe2236fb645123.pdf 92b1dcb5683bb01af39f1e6efd7e14a2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title The Maitland News Collection Alternative Title Maitland News Collection Subject Maitland (Fla.) Description The Maitland News was a local newspaper originally published by the Maitland Realty Company (and later by The Maitland News Company) which began circulation in April 1926. This edition features articles on topics such as a new town water pump, an anniversary party, tax assessment complaints, WDBO radio programming, the opening of school, locally-grown fresh fruit, a church dinner, the health concerns of a local pastor, the housing arrangements of local residents, and a local events calendar. Also featured are several advertisements for local businesses. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/113" target="_blank">Maitland Historical Museum Collection</a>, Maitland Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/112" target="_blank">Maitland Collection</a>, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/46" target="_blank">Orange County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Maitland, Florida Contributing Project <a href="http://artandhistory.org/maitland-history-museum/" target="_blank">Maitland Historical Museum, Art & History Museums - Maitland</a> Curator Settle, John Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference Poole, Leslie Kemp. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/320803902" target="_blank">Maitland</a>. Mount Pleasant, SC: Arcadia Pub, 2009. "<a href="http://www.itsmymaitland.com/maitland_history.asp" target="_blank">Maitland History</a>." City of Maitland. http://www.itsmymaitland.com/maitland_history.asp. Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format 4-page newspaper edition Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title The Maitland News, Vol. 02, No. 18, May 18, 1927 Alternative Title The Maitland News, Vol. 2, No. 18 Subject Maitland (Fla.) Description The Maitland News was a local newspaper originally published by the Maitland Realty Company (and later by the Maitland News Company) which began circulation in April 1926. This edition features a special piece titled "An Historical Sketch of Maitland," written by R. G. Grassfield, which details various aspects of Central Florida history, including Chief Osceola and the Seminole Indian Wars, Fort Maitland, steamship travel, the founding of Sanford, some of the first settlers in Maitland around 1870, railroad expansion, the importance of agricultural products, Maitland as a winter resort town, the estates of Dommerich and Vanderpool, the area's lakes, the Hungerford Industrial School of Eatonville, as well as details of contemporary Maitland and prospects for the future. This edition also features regular articles on topics such as a Chamber of Commerce meeting at Sanlando, heavy rains, right-of-way approval for State Road No. 3, street paving, a Parent-Teacher Association meeting, the death of a local resident, and the housing arrangements of local residents. Also featured is a legal notice and several advertisements for local businesses. Type Text Source Original 4-page newspaper edition: The Maitland News, Vol. 02, No. 18, May 18, 1927: Newspaper Collection, accession number 2014.002.020V, room 2, case 2, shelf 10, box GV, <a href="http://artandhistory.org/maitland-history-museum/" target="_blank">Maitland Historical Museum, Art & History Museums - Maitland</a>, Maitland, Florida. Requires <a href="http://www.adobe.com/products/reader.html" target="_blank">Adobe Acrobat Reader</a> Is Part Of Maitland News Collection, <a href="http://artandhistory.org/maitland-history-museum/" target="_blank">Maitland Historical Museum, Art & History Museums - Maitland</a>, Maitland, Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/150" target="_blank">The Maitland News Collection</a>, Maitland Historical Museum Collection, Maitland Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original 4-page newspaper edition: The Maitland News, Vol. 02, No. 18, May 18, 1927. Coverage Maitland, Florida Sanford, Florida Winter Park, Florida Publisher The Maitland News Company Contributor Grassfield, R.G. Date Created ca. 1927-05-18 Date Issued 1927-05-18 Date Copyrighted 1927-05-18 Format application/pdf Extent 1.31 MB Medium 4-page newspaper edition Language eng Mediator History Teacher Economics Teacher Geography Teacher Civics/Government Teacher Provenance Originally published by the Maitland News Company. Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by the Maitland Realty Company and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Settle, John Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository <a href="http://artandhistory.org/maitland-history-museum/" target="_blank">Maitland Historical Museum, Art & History Museums - Maitland</a> External Reference Poole, Leslie Kemp. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/320803902" target="_blank">Maitland</a>. Mount Pleasant, SC: Arcadia Pub, 2009. "<a href="http://www.itsmymaitland.com/maitland_history.asp" target="_blank">Maitland History</a>." City of Maitland. http://www.itsmymaitland.com/maitland_history.asp. A. B. Rowland A. M. Springer A. W. Benson agriculture An Historical Sketch of Maitland B. Auxford Burks B. R. Swope Baby Grand Theatre Billy Powell Black Bear Trail Boston Herald Bryan's Barber Shop C. D. Benson C. D. Homer C. D. Horner C. M. Niven chamber of commerce Charles B. Waterhouse Chester A. Arthur citrus citrus industry Clarence D. Benson Colla F. Owen death E. C. Hungerford E. Turner E. W. Horton Eatonville Elizabeth D. Benson Florida State Audubon Society Fort Maitland Fort Mellon Foster R. Fanning George Rockwood Georgianna Trout Hill government Grover Cleveland Hamilton & Pike Studio Henry Sanford Hill School Hungerford Industrial School of Eatonville Hungerford School Hurd National Bank Inter-City Realty Company Isaac Vanderpool J. C. Eaton J. E. Hill J. H. Hill John J. Hurd Julia Ward Howe L. F. Dommerich L. L. Lampp Lake Lily Lake Maitland library local government M. C. Bryan Maitland Maitland Clothing & Dry Goods Store Maitland Electric Shop Maitland Garage Maitland Insurance Agency Maitland Library Maitland Lumber Company Maitland Plumbing Company Maitland Realty Company Malcolm C. Niven Marinello Beauty Parlor Mary Orrmins Mellonville Moody Bible Institute municipal government obituary orlando Osceola Parent-Teacher Association pavement paving PTA R. G. Grassfield railroad rain real estate road Robert Hungerford Rollins Press S. B. Hill S. J. Stiggins Sanford sanitation Sanlando Springs school Seminole Indian Seminole War settler St. John's River State Road No. 3 steamboat steamer steamship street taxes The Maitland News Thomas Haskell Town Council town government Ulysses S. Grant Union State Bank W. J. Beckham weather White Way Motor Company William Driscoll William H. Waterhouse Winter Park Winter Park Cleaners Winter Park Refrigerating Company https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/1ef61221982f4563660566bbc2565299.pdf 2de0cbe247df40f33e1f3b0931f5958f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title The Maitland News Collection Alternative Title Maitland News Collection Subject Maitland (Fla.) Description The Maitland News was a local newspaper originally published by the Maitland Realty Company (and later by The Maitland News Company) which began circulation in April 1926. This edition features articles on topics such as a new town water pump, an anniversary party, tax assessment complaints, WDBO radio programming, the opening of school, locally-grown fresh fruit, a church dinner, the health concerns of a local pastor, the housing arrangements of local residents, and a local events calendar. Also featured are several advertisements for local businesses. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/113" target="_blank">Maitland Historical Museum Collection</a>, Maitland Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/112" target="_blank">Maitland Collection</a>, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/46" target="_blank">Orange County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Maitland, Florida Contributing Project <a href="http://artandhistory.org/maitland-history-museum/" target="_blank">Maitland Historical Museum, Art & History Museums - Maitland</a> Curator Settle, John Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference Poole, Leslie Kemp. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/320803902" target="_blank">Maitland</a>. Mount Pleasant, SC: Arcadia Pub, 2009. "<a href="http://www.itsmymaitland.com/maitland_history.asp" target="_blank">Maitland History</a>." City of Maitland. http://www.itsmymaitland.com/maitland_history.asp. Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format 4-page newspaper edition Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title The Maitland News, Vol. 02, No. 4, January 26, 1927 Alternative Title The Maitland News, Vol. 02, No. 4 Subject Maitland (Fla.) Newspapers--United States Description The Maitland News was a local newspaper originally published by the Maitland Realty Company (and later by the Maitland News Company) which began circulation in April 1926. This edition features articles on topics such as Maitland's efforts to obtain a third-class city rating, a motorcade visit by Seminole County officials, a new chairman of the Orange County Parent-Teacher Association, church services, children's movies shown in Winter Park, the Sanlando Golf Club elects officers, Florida population growth estimates, voter qualifications, a meeting of the Maitland Home Builders Association, "plant a tree month," road construction, the housing arrangements of local residents, and a local events calendar. Also featured is a classified section with items for sale and several advertisements for local businesses. Type Text Source Original 4-page newspaper edition: The Maitland News, Vol. 02, No. 4, January 26, 1927: Newspaper Collection, accession number 2014.002.020V, room 2, case 2, shelf 10, box GV, <a href="http://artandhistory.org/maitland-history-museum/" target="_blank">Maitland Historical Museum, Art & History Museums - Maitland</a>, Maitland, Florida. Requires <a href="http://www.adobe.com/products/reader.html" target="_blank">Adobe Acrobat Reader</a> Is Part Of Maitland News Collection, <a href="http://artandhistory.org/maitland-history-museum/" target="_blank">Maitland Historical Museum, Art & History Museums - Maitland</a>, Maitland, Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/150" target="_blank">The Maitland News Collection</a>, Maitland Historical Museum Collection, Maitland Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original 4-page newspaper edition: The Maitland News, Vol. 02, No. 4, January 26, 1927. Coverage Maitland, Florida Orlando, Florida Winter Park, Florida Publisher The Maitland News Company Contributor Shoen, A.M. Date Created ca. 1927-01-26 Date Issued 1927-01-26 Date Copyrighted 1927-01-26 Format application/pdf Extent 2.19 MB Medium 4-page newspaper edition Language eng Mediator History Teacher Economics Teacher Geography Teacher Civics/Government Teacher Provenance Originally published by the Maitland News Company. Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by the Maitland Realty Company and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Settle, John Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository <a href="http://artandhistory.org/maitland-history-museum/" target="_blank">Maitland Historical Museum, Art & History Museums - Maitland</a> External Reference Poole, Leslie Kemp. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/320803902" target="_blank">Maitland</a>. Mount Pleasant, SC: Arcadia Pub, 2009. "<a href="http://www.itsmymaitland.com/maitland_history.asp" target="_blank">Maitland History</a>." City of Maitland. http://www.itsmymaitland.com/maitland_history.asp. A. B. Rowland A. H. Shadix A. M. Shoen A. M. Springer Anna B. Treat Anna C. Stone Annie Meer B. Auxford Burks B. L. Maltbie Baby Grand Theatre bank Bank of Maitland banking book Boyce Rewlison Brown's Store Bryan's Barber Shop C. D. Horner C. F. Batchelder C. L. Pruyn C. M. Niven chamber of commerce Charles B. Waterhouse children church county government Don Cochran E. A. Upmeyer E. D. Visor E. R. Baldwin E. R. Hanson E. T. Winn Earl Murray Ernestine McBryde F. A. McNair film Foster R. Fanning Fred Woodward Frederick B. Conant George F. Babcock golf golf club Goodyear Tires government H. A. Griner Harold Peat Hill School housing J. A. Brown J. Blanton Belk J. H. Bennett J. H. Foster John L. Perkins John Rice John T. Alsop K. E. Kilbourn Kenneth N. McPherson L. L. Lampp Lawrence Parker library local government Louis L. Coudert M. C. Bryan M. L. Kyle M. P. Ponder Maitland Maitland Clothing and Dry Goods Store Maitland Electric Shop Maitland Garage Maitland Home Builders Association Maitland Library Maitland Lumber Company Maitland Plumbing Company Maitland Realty Company Margaret Widdis Methodism Methodist motion picture movie municipal government orange county Orange County Parent-Teacher Association Orange Hardware & Furniture Company Orange Tea Shop orlando Orlando Realty Board Parent-Teacher Association poll tax Presbyterian Presbyterianism PTA R. A. Wheeler R. B. Wright R. P. Cobb real estate road Rollins Press Ruby Lake Grove Fruit Company S. J. Stiggins sanitation Sanlando Golf Club school Seminole County South-Eastern Underwriters Association taxes Texaco Gas The Bookery The Maitland News Tom J. Kenney Town Council town government voting W. A. Myers W. R. G. Orwick William M. Stuart Winter Park Winter Park Cleaners Winter Park Refrigerating Company https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/ee69986eb046dd66f109bdffc439d074.pdf a1b611c07afcb4005beda5c13da43c21 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title The Maitland News Collection Alternative Title Maitland News Collection Subject Maitland (Fla.) Description The Maitland News was a local newspaper originally published by the Maitland Realty Company (and later by The Maitland News Company) which began circulation in April 1926. This edition features articles on topics such as a new town water pump, an anniversary party, tax assessment complaints, WDBO radio programming, the opening of school, locally-grown fresh fruit, a church dinner, the health concerns of a local pastor, the housing arrangements of local residents, and a local events calendar. Also featured are several advertisements for local businesses. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/113" target="_blank">Maitland Historical Museum Collection</a>, Maitland Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/112" target="_blank">Maitland Collection</a>, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/46" target="_blank">Orange County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Maitland, Florida Contributing Project <a href="http://artandhistory.org/maitland-history-museum/" target="_blank">Maitland Historical Museum, Art & History Museums - Maitland</a> Curator Settle, John Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference Poole, Leslie Kemp. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/320803902" target="_blank">Maitland</a>. Mount Pleasant, SC: Arcadia Pub, 2009. "<a href="http://www.itsmymaitland.com/maitland_history.asp" target="_blank">Maitland History</a>." City of Maitland. http://www.itsmymaitland.com/maitland_history.asp. Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format 4-page newspaper edition Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title The Maitland News, Vol. 02, No. 6, February 9, 1927 Alternative Title The Maitland News, Vol. 02, No. 6 Subject Maitland (Fla.) Newspapers--United States Description The Maitland News was a local newspaper originally published by the Maitland Realty Company (and later by the Maitland News Company) which began circulation in April 1926. This edition features articles on topics such as an increase in the Chamber of Commerce membership, a Founder's Day celebration, Winter Park buys tract of land for a park, the annual meeting of the Maitland Auxiliary, a Valentine party, special meetings held at the Presbyterian church, a Parent-Teacher Association meeting, a new electric sign at Maitland Garage, an Orlando fruit fair, a call for a song about Maitland, boat racing on Lake Maitland, water pressure, good merchandising tactics, an Orange County fruit exhibit at a Tampa fair, the housing arrangements of local residents, and a local events calendar. Also featured is a classified section with items for sale and several advertisements for local businesses. Pages 3 and 4 are missing a section that has been clipped out. Type Text Source Original 4-page newspaper edition: The Maitland News, Vol. 02, No. 6, February 9, 1927: Newspaper Collection, accession number 2014.002.020V, room 2, case 2, shelf 10, box GV, <a href="http://artandhistory.org/maitland-history-museum/" target="_blank">Maitland Historical Museum, Art & History Museums - Maitland</a>, Maitland, Florida. Requires <a href="http://www.adobe.com/products/reader.html" target="_blank">Adobe Acrobat Reader</a> Is Part Of Maitland News Collection, <a href="http://artandhistory.org/maitland-history-museum/" target="_blank">Maitland Historical Museum, Art & History Museums - Maitland</a>, Maitland, Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/150" target="_blank">The Maitland News Collection</a>, Maitland Historical Museum Collection, Maitland Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original 4-page newspaper edition: The Maitland News, Vol. 02, No. 6, February 9, 1927. Coverage Maitland, Florida Orlando, Florida Winter Park, Florida Publisher The Maitland News Company Contributor Joiner, W.B. Date Created ca. 1927-02-09 Date Issued 1927-02-09 Date Copyrighted 1927-02-09 Format application/pdf Extent 1.48 MB Medium 4-page newspaper edition Language eng Mediator History Teacher Economics Teacher Geography Teacher Civics/Government Teacher Provenance Originally published by the Maitland News Company. Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by the Maitland Realty Company and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Settle, John Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository <a href="http://artandhistory.org/maitland-history-museum/" target="_blank">Maitland Historical Museum, Art & History Museums - Maitland</a> External Reference Poole, Leslie Kemp. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/320803902" target="_blank">Maitland</a>. Mount Pleasant, SC: Arcadia Pub, 2009. "<a href="http://www.itsmymaitland.com/maitland_history.asp" target="_blank">Maitland History</a>." City of Maitland. http://www.itsmymaitland.com/maitland_history.asp. A. B. Lemmon A. B. Rowland A. H. Shadix A. M. Springer agriculture Anna B. Treat Annie Meer B. Auxford Burks bank Bank of Maitland banking Berkeley Blackman boat boat racing book Brown's Store Bryan's Barber Shop C. D. Horner C. F. Batcheldor C. J. Woodward C. M. Niven Caroline Kingsley chamber of commerce Charles Hasslinger church citrus citrus industry D. O. Hibbard E. A. Upmeyer E. D. Flynn E. R. Baldwin E. R. Hanson Earl Murray Edward B. Hall Elmer Johnson F. A. McNair F. J. Fotch fair Forrest B. Stone Foster R. Fanning Founder's Day Frederick E. Godfrey G. W. Backus garage government H. C. Pearson H. D. Haldeman Harold Peat Hill School holiday housing Hungerford School Irving W. Metcalf J. A. Brown J. A. Howell J. H. Bennett Kittie Vanderpool L. L. Lampp library local government Louis L. Coudert M. C. Bryan M. L. Kyle M. P. Ponder Maitland Maitland Auxiliary Maitland Clothing and Dry Goods Store Maitland Electric Shop Maitland Garage Maitland Library Maitland Lumber Company Maitland Plumbing Company Maitland Realty Company Marinello Beauty Parlor Mary Ely Mary Orrmins Memorial High School Methodism Methodist municipal government music New England Society of Orlando Orange Hardware & Furniture Company Orange Tea Shop orlando Orlando Realty Board Parent-Teacher Association park Presbyterian Presbyterianism PTA R. A. Wheeler R. B. Wright R. P. Bronson R. P. Cobb real estate Rollins Press Ruby Lake Grove Fruit Company S. J. Stiggins sanitation Sanlando Golf Club school song T. M. Henkle Tampa taxes Texaco Gas The Maitland News Theodore Johnson Town Council town government Valentine's Day W. A. Myers W. B. Joiner W. R. G. Orwick W. R. Orrmins William Cammack William Howell Winter Park Winter Park Cleaners Winter Park Country Club Winter Park Refrigerating Company https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/81e5702337f08416301bd24ebc8cafca.pdf 25c604ae1c3f49c40d917504faea0819 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title The Maitland News Collection Alternative Title Maitland News Collection Subject Maitland (Fla.) Description The Maitland News was a local newspaper originally published by the Maitland Realty Company (and later by The Maitland News Company) which began circulation in April 1926. This edition features articles on topics such as a new town water pump, an anniversary party, tax assessment complaints, WDBO radio programming, the opening of school, locally-grown fresh fruit, a church dinner, the health concerns of a local pastor, the housing arrangements of local residents, and a local events calendar. Also featured are several advertisements for local businesses. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/113" target="_blank">Maitland Historical Museum Collection</a>, Maitland Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/112" target="_blank">Maitland Collection</a>, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/46" target="_blank">Orange County Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Maitland, Florida Contributing Project <a href="http://artandhistory.org/maitland-history-museum/" target="_blank">Maitland Historical Museum, Art & History Museums - Maitland</a> Curator Settle, John Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference Poole, Leslie Kemp. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/320803902" target="_blank">Maitland</a>. Mount Pleasant, SC: Arcadia Pub, 2009. "<a href="http://www.itsmymaitland.com/maitland_history.asp" target="_blank">Maitland History</a>." City of Maitland. http://www.itsmymaitland.com/maitland_history.asp. Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format 4-page newspaper edition Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title The Maitland News, Vol. 02, No. 7, February 16, 1927 Alternative Title The Maitland News, Vol. 02, No. 7 Subject Maitland (Fla.) Newspapers--United States Description The Maitland News was a local newspaper originally published by the Maitland Realty Company (and later by the Maitland News Company) which began circulation in April 1926. This edition features articles on topics such as the election of Chamber of Commerce officers, a Valentine party at Sanlando, a call for fruit and flowers for the county fair, a caucus to choose local political candidates, winter residents, real estate development in Florida, evangelistic gospel service, the housing arrangements of local residents, and a local events calendar. Also featured are three legal notices and several advertisements for local businesses. Type Text Source Original 4-page newspaper edition: The Maitland News, Vol. 02, No. 7, February 16, 1927: Newspaper Collection, accession number 2014.002.020V, room 2, case 2, shelf 10, box GV, <a href="http://artandhistory.org/maitland-history-museum/" target="_blank">Maitland Historical Museum, Art & History Museums - Maitland</a>, Maitland, Florida. Requires <a href="http://www.adobe.com/products/reader.html" target="_blank">Adobe Acrobat Reader</a> Is Part Of Maitland News Collection, <a href="http://artandhistory.org/maitland-history-museum/" target="_blank">Maitland Historical Museum, Art & History Museums - Maitland</a>, Maitland, Florida. <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/150" target="_blank">The Maitland News Collection</a>, Maitland Historical Museum Collection, Maitland Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original 4-page newspaper edition: The Maitland News, Vol. 02, No. 7, February 16, 1927. Coverage Maitland, Florida Publisher The Maitland News Company Date Created ca. 1927-02-16 Date Issued 1927-02-16 Date Copyrighted 1927-02-16 Format application/pdf Extent 1.61 MB Medium 4-page newspaper edition Language eng Mediator History Teacher Economics Teacher Geography Teacher Civics/Government Teacher Provenance Originally published by the Maitland News Company. Rights Holder Copyright to this resource is held by the Maitland Realty Company and is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. Accrual Method Donation Curator Settle, John Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Source Repository <a href="http://artandhistory.org/maitland-history-museum/" target="_blank">Maitland Historical Museum, Art & History Museums - Maitland</a> External Reference Poole, Leslie Kemp. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/320803902" target="_blank">Maitland</a>. Mount Pleasant, SC: Arcadia Pub, 2009. "<a href="http://www.itsmymaitland.com/maitland_history.asp" target="_blank">Maitland History</a>." City of Maitland. http://www.itsmymaitland.com/maitland_history.asp. A. B. Rowland A. Shadix Alice Waterhouse Anna B. Treat Annie Meer B. Auxford Burks B. M. Robinson bank Bank of Maitland banking book Brown's Store Bryan's Barber Shop C. A. Moberg C. D. Horner C. J. Woodward C. M. Niven C. N. Beecher candidate Caroline Kingsley caucus chamber of commerce Charles B. Waterhouse church county fair E. A. Upmeyer E. D. Visor E. R. Baldwin E. R. Hanson E. T. Owen Earl Murray Ellison Adams evangelism evangelist Floral Festival flower flowers Foster R. Fanning fruit fruit industry George Russell Georgianna Hill gospel government H. D. Haldeman H. E. Angell H. E. Ressler Hamilton & Pike Studio Helen Waterhouse Herbert C. McVoy Hill School holiday housing Hungerford School J. A. Brown J. D. Baggett J. G. Friedland J. H. Bennett J. H. Hill J. I. Whitworth J. M. Haldeman J. T. Stover J. W. McNair John Rice Kenneth N. McPherson Kitty Vanderpool L. L. Lampp Lewis T. Wilcox Lewis W. Kingsley library local government Louis L. Coudert M. A. Howard M. C. Bryan M. L. Kyle M. P. Ponder Maitland Maitland Clothing and Dry Goods Store Maitland Electric Shop Maitland Garage Maitland Library Maitland Lumber Company Maitland Plumbing Company Maitland Realty Company Marinello Beauty Parlor Mary Kingsley Methodism Methodist municipal government Nannie McCorkle Orange Hardware & Furniture Company Orange Tea Shop Parent-Teacher Association politician politics Presbyterian Presbyterianism PTA R. B. Wright R. P. Cobb real estate Rollins Press Ruby Lake Grove Fruit Company S. B. Hill, Jr. S. J. Stiggins sanitation Sanlando Sanlando Golf Club school Stella Waterhouse taxes Texaco Gas The Maitland News Town Council town government Valentine's Day W. A. Myers W. B. Willett W. F. Parker W. R. G. Orwick W. T. Clare WDBO Radio William B. Rodenbaugh Winter Park Cleaners Winter Park Plumbing Company Winter Park Refrigerating Company https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/12393dba254f2ac70d22b9a23a09c12d.jpg 8137091dfcd240d36abc411d790e6f51 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title U.S. Census Collection Alternative Title Census Collection Subject Census--United States Population--United States Orange County (Fla.) Marion County (Fla.) Brevard County (Fla.) St. Lucie County (Fla.) Seminole County (Fla.) Volusia County (Fla.) Flagler County (Fla.) Lake County (Fla.) Osceola County (Fla.) Description Collection of United States Census population records for various counties in Central Florida from 1840 to 2000. The Census Act of 1840 was signed into law on March 3, 1839 and later amended on February 26, 1840. This piece of legislation established a centralized census office during each enumeration. Congress designated the census questionnaire designs to the Secretary of State. However, each household received inquiries regarding "the pursuits, industry, education, and resources of the country" and included questions related to school attendance, literacy, and vocation. In March of 1849, Congress pass legislation that established a census board consisting of the Secretary of State, the Attorney General, and the Postmaster General. The board was responsible for preparing and printing forms and schedules for enumeration related to population, mining, agriculture, commerce, manufacturing, education, etc. The 1850 Census also increased population inquiries to include every free person's name (as opposed to just the head of the household), as well as information on taxes, schools, crime, wages, estate values, etc. The Census Act of 1850 authorized the U.S. Census of 1860 and stipulated that its provisions be adhered to for all future decennial censuses should no new legislation be passed by the first of the year of said census. In May of 1865, the U.S. Census Office was abolished and many superintending clerks were transferred to the General Land Office. Although the 1870 Census was conducted under the provisions of the Census Act of 1850, a new act was passed on May 6, 1870. The new census legislation required two changes in procedures related to questionnaire return submission dates. Moreover, penalties for refusing to reply to inquires were expanded to apply to all questions and questionnaires. The questionnaires themselves had to be redesigned due to the end of the "slave questionnaire", as slavery had been formally abolished slavery nationwide via the Thirteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. This left five schedules for the census: General Population, Mortality, Agriculture, Products of Industry, and Social Statistics. In addition, the use of a Charles W. Seaton, a U.S. Census Office chief clerk and later superintendent, invited a rudimentary tallying machine that partially alleviated the difficulties of tallying and tabulating questionnaire responses. Finally, the new superintendent for the Ninth Census, General Francis A. Walker, introduced employment examinations to test the qualifications of applicants to the Census Office, allowing for increased efficiency in the process of collecting census data. The newest act authorizing the Census of 1880 provided for supervision of enumeration by "supervisors of the census", selected exclusively for the collection of census data. All supervisors, as well as the superintendent, were to appointed by the U.S. President and approved by the Senate. Census enumerators were required to personally visit each household and family within his subdivision. The new census act also allowed for the collection of data related to the condition and operation of railroad corporations, incorporated express companies, and telegraph companies, as well as data related to the condition and operation of life, fire, and marine insurance companies. Corporations who refused to provide the census with "true and complete" answers were subject to fines. In addition, the census superintendent was required to collect and publish data on the population, industries and resources of the District of Alaska. Finally, the 1880 Census consisted of five schedules: Population, Mortality, Agriculture, Social Statistics, and Manufacturing. The Census of 1890 was authorized by an act modeled after the 1880 enumeration and signed into law on March 1, 1889. The 1890 Census was supervised by 175 employees and enumerators were required to collect all information by personally visiting each household. The 1890 Census included essentially the same inquires from the 1880 Census, with some notable additions, such as questions about home and farm ownership and indebtedness; and the names, units, length of service, and residences of former Union soldiers and sailors, as well as the names of the widows of those who were no longer alive. Racial categorization was expanded to include "Japanese", along with "Chinese", "Negro", "mulatto", "quadroon", "octoroon", and "White". Herman Hollerith, a former employee of the U.S. Census Office, invited the electric tabulating system, which was widely used in the 1890 Census, allowing data to be processed faster and more efficiently. On October 3, 1893, Congress passed a law that transferred census-related work to the direction of the commissioner of labor. Congress passed another act on March 2, 1895, effectively abolishing the U.S. Census Office and transferring the remaining responsibilities to the Office of the Secretary of the Interior. Congress limited the Census of 1900 to content related to population, mortality, agriculture, and manufacturing. Special census agents were authorized to collect statistics related to incidents of deafness, blindness, insanity, and juvenile delinquency; as well as data on religious bodies, utilities, mining, and transportation. The act authorizing the 1900 Census designated the enumeration of military personally to the U.S. Department of War and the U.S. Department of the Navy, while Indiana Territory was to be enumerated by the commissioner of Indian Affairs. Annexed in 1898, Hawaii was included in the census for the first time. In 1902, the U.S. Census Office was officially established as a permanent organization within the U.S. Department of the Interior. The office became the U.S. Census Bureau in 1903 and was transferred to the Department of Commerce and Labor. The Census of 1910 was approved by legislation introduced in December of 1907 and enacted in July of 1909. The delay was the result of a disagreement over the appointment of enumerators. President Theodore Roosevelt supported the hiring of enumerators via the civil service system, while Congress supported enumerators as positions of patronage. President Roosevelt successfully won the debate. This census act also changed Census Day from the traditional date of June 1st to April 15th. Additional questions regarding the nationality and native language of foreign-born persons and their parents. Funds for the U.S. Census Bureau were also increased to expand the Census' permanent workforce and created several new full-time positions, including a geographer, a chief statistician, and an assistant director. The assistant director was to be appointed by the President and approved by the Senate, while all other census employees were hired on the basis of open, competitive examinations administered by the Civil Service Commission. Despite the use of automatic counting machinery, issues with the tabulation process persisted. Finally, with the United States' entrance into World War I in 1917, the U.S. Census Bureau became a source of even more valuable purpose: the Census was able to use population and economic data to report on the populations of draft-age men, as well as information regarding each state's industrial capabilities. The Census of 1920 changed the date of Census Day from April 15th to January 1st, as requested by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, which argued that farmers' memories and harvest information would be more accurate on this day. The U.S. Census Bureau was also authorized to hire additional employees at its headquarters in Washington, D.C. and to create a special field force to collect census data. The legislation authorizing the 1920 Census also allowed for a census of manufacturing to be conducted in 1921, and for such a census to be repeated every two years thereafter, as opposed to the traditional five-year census cycle. Furthermore, a census of agriculture and livestock was to be conducted in 1925 and to be repeated every ten years thereafter. In addition, penalties for those who refused to supply information or those who supplied false information were strengthened. As a result of these changes, census of population, manufacturing, and agriculture and livestock became increasingly independent of one another. The "usual place of abode", the location where residents regularly slept, instead of where they worked or were visiting, became the new basis for enumeration in the 1920 Census. Those with no permanent or regular residence were listed as residents of the location that they were enumerated at. Enumeration related to institutional inmates and dependent, defective, and delinquent classes were also modified. Unlike the previous census, the 1920 Census did not have inquires related to unemployment, to Union or Confederate Army or Navy service, to the number of children born, or to the length of time that a couple had been married. The Census of 1920, however, did include four additional questions: one regarding year of naturalization and three regarding native languages. Issues also arose as a result of changes in international boundaries following World War I, particularly for persons declaring birth or parental birth in Austria-Hungary, Germany, Russia, or Turkey. In response, enumerators were required to ask said persons for their province, state, or region of birth. Enumerators were not required to ask individuals how to spell their names, nor were respondents required to provide proof of various pieces of information. Race was determined by the enumerator's impressions. The act authorizing the 1930 Census was approved on June 18, 1929, allowing for a census of population, agriculture, irrigation, draining, distribution, unemployment, and mining. For the first time, specific questions for inquiry were left to the discretion of the Director of the Census. The Census encompassed each state, as well as the District of Columbia, Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico. The Governors of Guam, American Samoa, the Virginia Islands, and the Panama Canal Zone were responsible for conducting censuses in their territory. Between the date that the census act was passed and Census Day (April 1st), the stock market crashed, plunging the entire country into the Great Depression. In response, there were public and academic requests for access to unemployment data collected in the 1930 Census; however, the U.S. Census Bureau was unable to meet this demands and the bureau was accused of present unreliable data. Congress required a special unemployment census for January 1931, which ultimately confirmed the severity of the economic crisis. Another unemployment census was conducted in 1937, as mandated by Congress. Because this special census was voluntary, it allowed the Census Bureau to experiment with statistical sampling. Only two percent of households received a special census questionnaire. Congress authorized the 1940 Census in August 1939, providing the Director of the Census the additional authority to conduct a national census of housing in each state, the District of Columbia, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and Alaska. The housing census was conducted separately, though enumerators often collection housing information at the same time that they collected population information. The Census of 1940 was the first time that the U.S. Census Bureau used advanced statistical techniques. In particular, the census used probably sampling, which had only previously been tested in a trial census of unemployment conducted the Civil Works Administration during 1933-1934, in surveys of retail stores in the 1930s, and in an official sample survey of unemployment conducted amongst two percent of American households in 1937. Probability sampling allowed for the inclusion of additional demographic questions without increasing the burden on the collection process or on data processing. Moreover, sampling the U.S. Census Bureau was able to publish preliminary returns eight months before tabulations were completed. Likewise, the census increased its number of published tables, and also was able to complete data processing with higher quality and more efficiency. New census questions focused on employment, unemployment, internal migration, and incomes—reflecting on the concerns of the Great Depression, the country's housing stock, and the need for public housing programs. The Census of 1950 encompassed every state, Alaska, Hawaii, American Samoa, the Panama Canal Zone, Guam, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and other small American territories. For the first time, the U.S. Census Bureau enumerate American living abroad to account for members of the U.S. Armed Forces, vessel crew members, and government employees residing in foreign countries. The U.S. Department of Defense, the U.S. Department of State, the U.S. Maritime Administration, and several other federal agencies were responsible for distributing and collecting census questionnaires in a cooperative effort. Persons living abroad for reasons other than what is listed above had their census information reported by families or neighbors residing in the United States, but such data was criticized as unreliable and were not published in official statistics. The 1950 Census also included a new survey on residential financing collected separately on a sample basis from owners of owner-occupied properties, rental properties, and mortgage lenders. The accuracy of the new census was increased by improved enumerator training, the use of detailed street maps for enumerators, the publication of "Missed Person" forms in local newspapers, and the designation of a specific night to conduct a special enumeration of transient individuals. Moreover, a post-enumeration survey was conducted to further verify the accuracy of the original enumeration. A sample of approximately 3,500 small areas was compared to the original census data to identify households that may have been omitted initially. Likewise, a sample of approximately 22,000 households were re-interviewed to identify persons omitted in the original enumeration count. Though not used for the 1950 Census, the UNIVersal Automatic Computer I (UNIVAC I), the first non-military computer, was used to tabulate some of the statistics for the 1954 census of economy. In August of 1954, Congress codified various census statutes, such as the Fifteenth Census Act of 1929, authorizing the decennial census and other census. The Census of 1960 was the first to be mailed to respondents. The U.S. Postal Service delivered census questionnaires to households, the head of household was required to complete the questionnaire, and an enumerator was to pick it up. The enumeration process was divided into two stages: first, select data for each person and dwelling unit was collected; and second, more detailed economic and social data was collected from a sample of households and dwelling units. The census questionnaires for the second stage were hand-delivered by enumerators as they were collecting data from the first stage. Households receiving the second census questionnaire were to complete the form and mail it to their local census office. Twenty-five percent of the population was giving additional sample questions. Because of the increased use of sampling, less populated areas were prone to sampling variation; however, this did not significantly decrease the usefulness of census statistics gathered. Moreover, increased use of sampling reduced data processing costs. Additional questions included in the 1960 Census were related to places of works and means of transportation to work. By 1960, nearly all census data was processed using computers. The U.S. Census Bureau used a Film Optical Sensing Device for Input to Computer (FOSDIC) for the first time, thus decreasing the amount of time and money required for data input. In 1966, the U.S. Census Bureau sought suggestions from advisory committees and from the public, resulting in numerous proposals for additional inquiries related to the scope and structure of the census, as well as in public interest for the publication of additional census data. Researchers also concluded that the 1950 Census and the 1960 Census had undercounted certain segments of the population. Moreover, they noted a growing distrust of government activity and increased resistance to responding to the census. Simultaneously, both the public and private sectors expressed need for accurate information. The U.S. Census Bureau decreased its number of questions from 66 to 23 in an effort to simplify its products. A register for densely populated areas was also created to ensure that all housing units were accounted for. A Spanish-language questionnaire was also enclosed with census questionnaires in areas with a significant amount of Spanish-speaking households. Additionally, a question on Hispanic origins or descent was asked independently from race, but only on a five-percent sample. Only five questions were given to all individuals: relationship to household head, sex, race, age, and marital status. Additional questions were asked in smaller sample groups. This was also the first census in which respondents of urban areas were asked to mail their forms to the Census Bureau, rather than to hold questionnaires for enumerators. Address Coding Guides were used to assign census geographic codes to questionnaires. Counts, a series of computer tape files, were an additional innovation used to increase the accuracy of census data. Count 1 consisted of complete count data for block groups and/or enumeration districts. Count 2 contained census tracts and minor civil/census county divisions, while Count 3 consisted of census blocks. Counts 4-6 provided sample census data for geographic areas of various population sizes. The Census Bureau also produced six Public Use Microdata Sample files, each of which contained complete information for a sample of approximately two million people. Finally, the Census Bureau developed the Summary Tape Processing Center Program, which was a group of organizations, both public and private, that processed census data from computer tapes. For the 1990 Census, the U.S. Census Bureau utilized extensive user consultation prior to enumeration in order to refine both long and short form census questionnaires. The short form consisted of 13 questions and was given to the entire population. The long form asked 45 questions and was given to a 20 percent sample. The long form included topics related to marital history, carpooling, residence, residential elevators, and energy usage. Unlike the 1980 Census, the new census eliminated questions regarding air conditioning, the number of bathrooms in a residence, and the type of heating equipment used. A vast advertising campaign was marketed to increase public awareness of the census via public television, radio, and print media. Like the previous census, the Census of 1990 made a special effort to enumerate groups that have historically been undercounted in previous censuses called "S-Night": individuals in homeless shelters, soup kitchens, bus and railway stations, and dormitories (enumerated separately in the 1980 Census on "M-Night"); and permanent residents in hotels and motels (enumerated separately in the 1980 Census on "T-Night"). Following legal issues filed in response to the 1980 Census regarding statistical readjustment of undercounted areas, the Census Bureau initiated a post-enumeration survey (PES), in which a contemporaneous survey of households would be conducted and compare to the census results from the official census. In a partial resolution of a 1989 lawsuit filed by New York plaintiffs, the U.S. Department of Commerce agreed to use the PES to produce population data that had been adjusted for the projected undercount and that said data would be judged against the unadjusted data by the Secretary of Commerce's Special Advisory Panel (SAP). The Census of 1990 also introduced the U.S. to the Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing System (TIGER), which was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Census Bureau. TIGER used computerized representations of various map features to geographically code addresses into appropriate census geographic areas. It also produced different maps required for census data collection and tabulation. Five years earlier, the Census Bureau became the first government agency to publish information on CD-ROM. For the 1990 Census, the bureau made detailed census data, which had previously been only available to organizations with large mainframe computers, accessible to any individual with a personal computer. Census data was also available in print, on computer tape, and on microfiche. Using two online service vendors, DIALOG and CompuServe, the Census Bureau also published select census data online. As with previous censuses, the 1990 Census undercounted the national population, and again, the African-American population had an estimated net undercount rate that was significantly higher than the rate for other races. In July of 1991, the Secretary of Commerce announced that he did not find evidence in favor of using adjusted counts compelling—despite SAP's split vote on the issue—and chose to use unadjusted totals for the official census results. In response, the New York plaintiffs resumed the lawsuit against the Department of Commerce. A federal district court divided in favor of the DOC in April of 1993. The U.S. Court of Appeals, however, rejected the previous court ruling and ordered that the case be reheard by the federal district court. In March of 1996, the U.S. Supreme Court finally ruled in favor of the Secretary of Commerce's decision to use the unadjusted census date, but did not rule on the legality or constitutionality of the use of statistical adjustment in producing apportionment counts. For the 1990 Census, the U.S. Census Bureau utilized extensive user consultation prior to enumeration in order to refine both long and short form census questionnaires. The short form consisted of 13 questions and was given to the entire population. The long form asked 45 questions and was given to a 20 percent sample. The long form included topics related to marital history, carpooling, residence, residential elevators, and energy usage. Unlike the 1980 Census, the new census eliminated questions regarding air conditioning, the number of bathrooms in a residence, and the type of heating equipment used. A vast advertising campaign was marketed to increase public awareness of the census via public television, radio, and print media. Like the previous census, the Census of 1990 made a special effort to enumerate groups that have historically been undercounted in previous censuses called "S-Night": individuals in homeless shelters, soup kitchens, bus and railway stations, and dormitories (enumerated separately in the 1980 Census on "M-Night"); and permanent residents in hotels and motels (enumerated separately in the 1980 Census on "T-Night"). Following legal issues filed in response to the 1980 Census regarding statistical readjustment of undercounted areas, the Census Bureau initiated a post-enumeration survey (PES), in which a contemporaneous survey of households would be conducted and compare to the census results from the official census. In a partial resolution of a 1989 lawsuit filed by New York plaintiffs, the U.S. Department of Commerce agreed to use the PES to produce population data that had been adjusted for the projected undercount and that said data would be judged against the unadjusted data by the Secretary of Commerce's Special Advisory Panel (SAP). The Census of 1990 also introduced the U.S. to the Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing System (TIGER), which was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Census Bureau. TIGER used computerized representations of various map features to geographically code addresses into appropriate census geographic areas. It also produced different maps required for census data collection and tabulation. Five years earlier, the Census Bureau became the first government agency to publish information on CD-ROM. For the 1990 Census, the bureau made detailed census data, which had previously been only available to organizations with large mainframe computers, accessible to any individual with a personal computer. Census data was also available in print, on computer tape, and on microfiche. Using two online service vendors, DIALOG and CompuServe, the Census Bureau also published select census data online. As with previous censuses, the 1990 Census undercounted the national population, and again, the African-American population had an estimated net undercount rate that was significantly higher than the rate for other races. In July of 1991, the Secretary of Commerce announced that he did not find evidence in favor of using adjusted counts compelling—despite SAP's split vote on the issue—and chose to use unadjusted totals for the official census results. In response, the New York plaintiffs resumed the lawsuit against the Department of Commerce. A federal district court divided in favor of the DOC in April of 1993. The U.S. Court of Appeals, however, rejected the previous court ruling and ordered that the case be reheard by the federal district court. In March of 1996, the U.S. Supreme Court finally ruled in favor of the Secretary of Commerce's decision to use the unadjusted census date, but did not rule on the legality or constitutionality of the use of statistical adjustment in producing apportionment counts. For the Census of 2000, the short form consisted of only seven questions, while the long form consisted of 52 questions and used for a 17 percent sample of the population. For the first time, race questions were not limited to a single category; rather, respondents were able to check multiple boxes. A new question related to grandparents as caregivers was also mandated by legislation passed in 1996. Disability questions were expanded to including hearing and vision impairments, as well as learning, memory, and concentration disabilities. The 2000 Census also eliminated questions related to children born, water sources, sewage disposal, and condominium status. In addition, the 2000 Census was the first in which the Internet was used as the principal medium for the dissemination of census information. Summary Files were available for download immediately upon release and individual tables could be viewed via American FactFinder, the Census Bureau's online database. Files were also available for purchase on CD-Rom and DVD. Due to declining questionnaire mail-back rates, the U.S. Census Bureau marketed a $167 million national and local print, television, and public advertising campaign in 17 different languages. The campaign successfully brought the mail-back rate up to 67 percent. Additionally, respondents receiving the short form were given the option of responding via the Internet. Telephone questionnaire assistance centers available in 6 languages also took responses via the phone. Statistical sampling techniques were utilized in two ways: first, to alter the traditional 100 percent personal visit of non-responding households during the non-response follow-up (NRFU) process by instead following up on a smaller sample basis; second, the sampling of 750,000 housing units matched to housing unit questionnaires obtained from mail and telephone responses, as well as from personal visits. The goal of the latter was to develop adjustment factors for individuals estimated to have been missed or duplicated and to correct the census counts to produce one set of numbers. This "one-number census" would correct for net coverage errors called Integrated Coverage Measurement (ICM). Both of these measures were taken in an attempt to avoid repetition of the litigation costs generated by the 1980 Census and the 1990 Census. Despite these efforts, two lawsuits—one filed by the U.S. House of Representatives—were filed in February 1998 challenging the constitutionality and legality of the planned uses of sampling to produce apportionment counts. Both cases were decided in favor of the plaintiffs in federal district courts, but the U.S. Department of Commerce made appeals to the U.S. Supreme Court. Known as the U.S. Department of Commerce v. the U.S. House of Representatives, the Court ruled that the Census Bureau's plans to use statistical sampling for purposes of congressional apportionments violated the Census Act. The bureau revised its plan, stating that it would produce statistically adjusted data for non-apportionment uses of census data information, such as redistricting. However, in March of 2001, the Census Bureau recommended against the use of adjusted census data for redistricting due to accuracy concerns; the Secretary of Commerce determined that the unadjusted data would be released as the bureau's official redistricting data. The Director of the Census Bureau also rejected to the use of adjusted data for non-redistricting purposes in October of that same year. Language eng Type Collection Coverage Mosquito County, Florida Brevard County, Florida Flagler County, Florida Lake County, Florida Marion County, Florida Orange County, Florida Osceola County, Florida Seminole County, Florida Volusia County, Florida Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> Contributor Gibson, Ella Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a>. Rights Holder This resource is not subject to copyright in the United States and there are no copyright restrictions on reproduction, derivative works, distribution, performance, or display of the work. Anyone may, without restriction under U.S. copyright laws: <ul class="one_column_bullet"><li>reproduce the work in print or digital form</li> <li>create derivative works</li> <li>perform the work publicly</li> <li>display the work</li> <li>distribute copies or digitally transfer the work to the public by sale or other transfer of ownership, or by rental, lease, or lending.</li> </ul>This resources is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. For more information on copyright, please refer to <a href="http://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap1.html#105" target="_blank">Section 5</a> of <a href="http://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap1.html" target="_blank">Copyright Law of the United States of America and Related Laws Contained in Title 17 of the United States Code</a>. Source Repository <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> External Reference United States. <a href="https://www.census.gov/history/pdf/wright-hunt.pdf" target="_blank">Historical Statistics of the United States: Colonial Times to 1970</a>. Washington: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 1975. https://www.census.gov/history/pdf/histstats-colonial-1970.pdf. United States, and Carroll D. Wright. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/166662" target="_blank">The History and Growth of the United States Census</a>. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1900. https://www.census.gov/history/pdf/wright-hunt.pdf. "<a href="https://www.census.gov/history/www/through_the_decades/" target="_blank">Through the Decades</a>." United States Census Bureau, United States Department of Commerce. https://www.census.gov/history/www/through_the_decades/. Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format 1 table Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title U.S. Census for Central Florida, 1920 Alternative Title Census, 1920 Subject Census--United States Orange County (Fla.) Marion County (Fla.) Brevard County (Fla.) St. Lucie County (Fla.) Seminole County (Fla.) Volusia County (Fla.) Flagler County (Fla.) Lake County (Fla.) Osceola County (Fla.) Population--United States Description The Fourteenth United States Census records for Brevard County, Flagler County, Lake County, Marion County, Orange County, Osceola County, Seminole County, and Volusia County, Florida for 1920. The census divides the population by gender, race ("white" and "black"), and native-born vs. foreign-born. Those who are foreign born are further divided by country of origin. The census then lists the population categorized by age, school attendance, race, and literacy. The census also collected information on agriculture and on manufacturing. The Census of 1920 changed the date of Census Day from April 15th to January 1st, as requested by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, which argued that farmers' memories and harvest information would be more accurate on this day. The U.S. Census Bureau was also authorized to hire additional employees at its headquarters in Washington, D.C., and to create a special field force to collect census data. The legislation authorizing the 1920 Census also allowed for a census of manufacturing to be conducted in 1921, and for such a census to be repeated every two years thereafter, as opposed to the traditional five-year census cycle. Furthermore, a census of agriculture and livestock was to be conducted in 1925 and to be repeated every 10 years thereafter. In addition, penalties for those who refused to supply information or those who supplied false information were strengthened. As a result of these changes, the censuses of population, manufacturing, and agriculture and livestock became increasingly independent of one another. The "usual place of abode," the location where residents regularly slept, instead of where they worked or were visiting, became the new basis for enumeration in the 1920 Census. Those with no permanent or regular residence were listed as residents of the location that they were enumerated at. Enumeration related to institutional inmates, and dependent, defective, and delinquent classes were also modified. Unlike the previous census, the 1920 Census did not have inquiries related to unemployment, to Union or Confederate Army or Navy service, to the number of children born, or to the length of time that a couple had been married. The Census of 1920, however, did include four additional questions: one regarding year of naturalization and three regarding native languages. Issues also arose as a result of changes in international boundaries following World War I, particularly for persons declaring birth or parental birth in Austria-Hungary, Germany, Russia, or Turkey. In response, enumerators were required to ask said persons for their province, state, or region of birth. Enumerators were not required to ask individuals how to spell their names, nor were respondents required to provide proof of various pieces of information. Race was determined by the enumerator's impressions. Type Dataset Source Original census data collected by the <a href="http://www.census.gov/" target="_blank">U.S. Census Bureau</a>, 1920. Is Part Of <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/104" target="_blank">U.S. Census Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida. Is Format Of Digital reproduction of original census data collected by the <a href="http://www.census.gov/" target="_blank">U.S. Census Bureau</a>, 1920. Coverage Brevard County, Florida Flagler County, Florida Lake County, Florida Marion County, Florida Orange County, Florida Osceola County, Florida Seminole County, Florida Volusia County, Florida Creator <a href="http://www.census.gov/" target="_blank">U.S. Census Bureau</a> Publisher <a href="http://www.commerce.gov/" target="_blank">U.S. Department of Commerce</a> Contributor Gibson, Ella Date Created ca. 1920-01-01 Format image/jpg Extent 1.39 MB Medium 1 table Language eng Mediator History Teacher Economics Teacher Geography Teacher Provenance Originally collected by the <a href="http://www.census.gov/" target="_blank">U.S. Census Bureau</a> and published by the <a href="http://www.commerce.gov/" target="_blank">U.S. Department of Commerce</a>. Rights Holder This resource is not subject to copyright in the United States and there are no copyright restrictions on reproduction, derivative works, distribution, performance, or display of the work. Anyone may, without restriction under U.S. copyright laws: <ul class="one_column_bullet"><li>reproduce the work in print or digital form;</li> <li>create derivative works;</li> <li>perform the work publicly;</li> <li>display the work;</li> <li>distribute copies or digitally transfer the work to the public by sale or other transfer of ownership, or by rental, lease, or lending.</li> </ul> This resources is provided here by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES of Central Florida</a> for educational purposes only. For more information on copyright, please refer to <a href="http://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap1.html#105" target="_blank">Section 5</a> of <a href="http://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap1.html" target="_blank">Copyright Law of the United States of America and Related Laws Contained in Title 17 of the United States Code</a>. Accrual Method Item Creation Curator Cepero, Laura Digital Collection <a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a> External Reference "<a href="https://www.census.gov/history/www/through_the_decades/overview/1920.html" target="_blank">1920 Overview</a>." U.S. Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov/history/www/through_the_decades/overview/1920.html. United States. <a href="https://www.census.gov/history/pdf/wright-hunt.pdf" target="_blank">Historical Statistics of the United States: Colonial Times to 1970</a>. Washington: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 1975. https://www.census.gov/history/pdf/histstats-colonial-1970.pdf. United States, and Carroll D. Wright. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/166662" target="_blank">The History and Growth of the United States Census</a>. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1920. https://www.census.gov/history/pdf/wright-hunt.pdf. Transcript U.S. Census of 1920 Population Brevard County Flagler County Lake County Marion County Orange County Osceola County Seminole County Volusia County Population Total 8,505 2,442 12,744 23,968 19,890 7,195 10,986 23,374 Males 4,483 1,439 6,612 12,048 10,042 3,662 5,695 11,663 Females 4,022 1,003 6,132 11,920 9,848 3,563 5,291 11,711 White Population Total 6,006 1,481 8,927 11,080 14,423 6,072 5,933 15,159 Males 3,139 833 4,590 5,599 7,22 3,054 3,095 7,435 Females 2,867 648 4,337 5,481 7,201 3,018 2,838 7,724 Black Population Total 2,483 958 3,817 12,887 5,464 1,122 5,044 8,199 Males 1,335 605 2,022 6,448 2,817 578 2,594 4,216 Females 1,148 353 1,795 6,439 2,647 544 2,450 3,983 Native-Born Population Total 5,615 1,317 8,486 10,698 13,609 5,771 5,559 14,070 Males 29,919 730 4,353 5,397 6,786 2,884 2,879 6,897 Females 2,696 587 4,133 5,301 6,823 2,887 2,680 7,173 Foreign-Born Population Total 391 164 441 382 814 301 374 1,089 Males 220 103 237 202 436 170 216 538 Females 171 61 204 180 378 131 158 551 Under Age 7 1,213 347 1,744 3,725 2,485 836 1,532 2,766 Aged 7-13 1,139 347 1,834 4,118 2,589 908 1,628 3,059 Aged 14-15 300 92 484 1,098 653 240 416 786 Aged 16-17 283 91 472 1,037 681 215 368 739 Aged 18-20 434 129 635 1,261 1,039 341 592 1,264 Aged 21-44 3,053 945 4,340 7,501 7,011 1,987 4,282 8,349 Aged 45+ 2,083 491 3,235 5,228 5,432 2,668 2,168 6,411 Foreign-Born Population by Country of Origin Canada 52 23 76 63 130 74 53 228 Austria 13 7 5 4 11 11 5 25 Cuba 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 6 Denmark 13 3 7 4 15 3 3 14 England 74 34 111 86 157 64 51 247 France 7 2 8 14 12 3 12 24 Germany 75 22 51 61 166 66 61 139 Greece 5 2 0 8 3 0 3 14 Holland and the Netherlands 15 3 2 5 13 3 0 9 Born in Hungary 6 1 1 6 10 5 29 9 Ireland 15 4 17 14 37 17 19 57 Italy 11 0 10 20 17 4 22 16 Norway 10 3 6 5 4 4 2 18 Poland 5 35 6 3 13 1 0 19 Romania 2 0 0 0 11 0 8 0 Russia 5 0 2 6 45 5 6 25 Scotland 11 8 24 22 26 9 17 63 Spain 0 0 0 0 2 0 3 1 Sweden 14 3 50 15 61 11 44 93 Switzerland 5 0 6 7 7 12 8 13 Syria 0 0 0 25 8 0 4 6 West Indies 9 0 0 3 5 0 0 11 Other Countries 44 14 59 11 61 9 24 58 Education Brevard County Flagler County Lake County Marion County Orange County Osceola County Seminole County Volusia County Population Attending School Total 1,499 393 2,191 5,297 3,523 1,268 2,212 3,969 Ages 7-13 1,025 294 1,481 3,635 2,391 831 1,520 2,708 Ages 14-15 266 61 380 916 587 216 376 665 Ages 16-17 148 29 227 560 375 137 208 384 Ages 18-20 60 9 103 186 170 84 108 212 Population Not Attending School Total 657 266 1,234 2,217 1,439 436 792 1,879 Ages 7-13 114 53 353 483 198 77 108 351 Ages 14-15 34 31 104 182 66 24 40 121 Ages 16-17 135 62 245 477 306 78 160 355 Ages 18-20 374 120 532 1,075 869 257 484 1,052 Illiterate Population, Aged 10+ Total 236 319 759 1,685 743 256 713 1,241 White 57 29 91 143 123 68 73 74 Black 179 290 668 1,541 620 188 640 1,167 Other 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 Literate Population, Aged 10+ Total 6,555 1,633 9,428 16,823 15,535 5,700 8,091 18,134 White 4,770 1,136 7,089 8,549 11,739 4,993 4,671 12,572 Black 1,776 495 2,339 8,274 3,793 706 3,339 5,549 Other 9 2 0 0 3 1 9 13 Population, Aged 21+ Total 5,136 1,436 7,575 12,729 12,443 4,655 6,450 14,760 Illiterate Population, Aged 21+ Total 211 249 602 1,449 685 233 625 1,157 Males 126 160 334 718 386 122 333 672 Females 85 89 268 731 299 111 292 485 Literate Population, Aged 21+ Total 4,925 1,187 6,973 11,280 11,758 4,422 5,825 13,603 Males 2,675 755 3,603 5,865 5,945 2,256 3,138 6,714 Females 2,250 432 3,370 5,415 5,813 2,166 2,687 6,889 Agriculture Brevard County Flagler County Lake County Marion County Orange County Osceola County Seminole County Volusia County Number of Farms by Race Ownership Total 672 187 876 2,215 10,093 304 573 998 White-Owned 628 179 826 1,143 1,013 292 510 899 Black-Owned and Other Non-White-Owned 110 8 50 1,072 80 12 63 99 Farms by Acreage Less than 3 15 0 14 5 7 8 19 31 3-9 110 8 65 153 180 34 138 241 10-19 116 37 135 323 234 64 134 219 20-49 169 86 297 770 309 96 139 282 50-99 80 31 160 448 181 47 63 119 100-174 130 21 114 255 100 20 50 54 175-259 22 1 34 110 30 6 14 27 260-499 19 1 40 96 34 7 3 15 500-999 4 1 10 34 7 13 3 3 1,000+ 7 1 7 21 11 9 10 7 Owner-Operated Farms Total 587 152 733 1,802 988 274 463 803 Owners Owning Entire Farm Total 574 139 707 1,458 927 263 418 798 Owners Hiring Additional Land Total 13 13 26 344 61 11 45 5 Farms by Tenure Total 7 25 69 382 41 9 63 48 Share Tenants 2 2 24 123 12 2 11 7 Share-Cash Tenants 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 1 Share-Cropper Tenants 0 0 21 116 7 3 8 11 Stand-In Renters 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cash Tenants 4 20 24 113 16 2 38 26 Tenants, Tenure Not Specified 1 3 0 29 6 2 4 3 Farm Ownership and Management by Race White 551 148 703 971 914 263 409 726 Black/Non-White 36 4 30 831 74 11 54 77 Tenant Farmers by Race White 7 22 54 143 36 9 56 40 Black/Non-White 0 3 15 239 5 0 7 8 Acres of Land in Farms Improved Land 10,945 4,070 32,917 105,471 70,572 6,304 11,795 18,258 Unimproved Land 47,625 6,547 55,422 119,577 171,871 60,614 53,671 51,365 Acres of Land in Farms by Ownership, Tenure, and Management Total 58,570 10,617 88,339 225,048 242,443 66,918 65,466 69,623 Operated by Owners 50,963 7,289 64,190 182,244 114,688 56,622 50,272 44,706 Operated by Tenants 451 741 6,390 18,093 1,414 191 11,752 1,836 Operated by Managers 7,156 2,587 17,759 24,711 126,341 10,105 3,442 23,081 Value of All Farm Property Total 8,351,940 1,103,571 10,148,325 9,490,125 16,322,344 3,349,955 7,202,407 7,677,096 Land $6,179,710 743,250 7,544,815 5,771,755 12,329,463 2,084,905 4,982,110 4,733,950 Buildings $1,628,265 166,750 1,607,360 1,618,814 2,569,440 485,100 1,265,235 1,742,930 Farming Implements and Machinery $263,303 65,083 512,813 462,004 663,834 121,052 429,834 272,770 Livestock $280,662 128,488 483,337 1,637,552 760,433 658,898 525,228 927,448 Value of All Crops Total 1,459,327 390,476 1,731,903 23,156,002 3,254,302 518,552 3,231,896 1,312,882 Cereal 6,012 10,390 75,515 663,888 90,784 29,382 50,085 78,907 Other Grains and Seeds 1,869 327 10,580 205,601 2,409 7,636 2,287 3,695 Hay and Forage 18,347 20,300 77,736 146,957 96,155 20,536 24,449 34,967 Vegetables 112,003 344,267 374,821 657,611 608,884 88,695 2,559,886 307,790 Fruits and Nuts 1,319,907 7,688 1,148,708 473,202 2,448,047 367,217 586,161 $865,762 All Other Crops 1,189 7,504 44,543 168,343 8,023 5,086 9,028 $21,761 Manufacturing Manufacturing Establishments Total 32 16 34 53 51 15 25 63 Average Number of Wage Earners in Manufacturing Total 343 212 517 1,173 521 186 560 1,218 Manufacturing Costs Total 520,298 240,385 790,364 1,764,111 1,491,813 288,603 1,533,377 2,152,679 Wages 313,365 146,611 468,808 770,684 410,203 146,663 600,842 981,679 Rents and Taxes 30,919 6,412 10,913 70,415 38,732 12,034 64,289 62,799 Materials 176,014 87,362 340,643 923,012 1,042,876 129,099 868,246 1,108,836 Value of Products of Manufacturing Establishments Total 735,535 330,664 1,343,070 2,568,991 1,938,183 459,099 1,799,142 3,020,521 Primary Horsepower in Manufacturing Establishments, Rated Capacity of Engines, Motors, etc. Total 1,519 575 1,739 2,523 1,519 260 1,541 2,616 African Americans Anglo Americans Austrian Americans Brevard County British Americans Canadian Americans Caribbean Americans Caucasian Americans census Census of 1920 cereals crops Cuban Americans Dutch Americans education employees English Americans European Americans farm managers farming implements farmland farms females Flagler County forage French Americans fruits German Americans grains Greek Americans hay Hispanic Americans horsepower Hungarian Americans illiteracy Irish Americans Italian Americans labor laborers Lake County Latin Americans Latinas Latinos literacy machinery males manufacturing Marion County Middle Eastern Americans Norwegian Americans nuts orange county Osceola County Polish Americans population Romanian Americans Russian Americans Scandinavian Americans Scotch Americans Scottish Americans seeds Seminole County sharecroppers sharecropping students Swedish Americans Swiss Americans Syrian Americans taxes tenant farmers tenant farming tenants U.S. Census vegetables Volusia County wages West Indian Americans workers