1
100
2
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A History of Central Florida Collection
Alternative Title
History of Central Florida Collection
Subject
Podcasts
Documentaries
Description
A History of Central Florida Podcast series explores Central Florida's history through the artifacts found in local area museums and historical societies.
Contributor
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
Cassanello, Robert
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/70" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida.
Language
eng
Type
Collection
Coverage
Altoona, Florida
Astor, Florida
Brevard County, Florida
Bushnell, Florida
Clermont, Florida
Cocoa Beach, Florida
Daytona Beach, Florida
DeLand, Florida
Disston City, Florida
Fort King, Florida
Geneva, Florida
Goldenrod, Florida
Groveland, Florida
Holly Hill, Florida
Hontoon Island, DeLand, Florida
Jacksonville, Florida
Kissimmee, Florida
Lake Apopka, Florida
Lake County, Florida
Lake Mary, Florida
Marion County, Florida
Merritt Island, Florida
Miami, Florida
Mims, Florida
Mount Dora, Florida
Newnans Lake, Gainesville, Florida
New Smyrna, Florida
New Smyrna Beach, Florida
Ocala, Florida
Ocklawaha River, Florida
Orlando, Florida
Ormond Beach, Florida
Osceola County, Florida
Sanford, Florida
Silver Springs, Florida
St. Augustine, Florida
St. Cloud, Florida
St. Johns River, Florida
St. Petersburg, Florida
Tampa, Florida
Tavares, Florida
Weirsdale, Florida
Winter Garden, Florida
Winter Park, Florida
Ybor City, Tampa, Florida
Rights Holder
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>
Contributing Project
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
External Reference
"<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php.
Moving Image
A series of visual representations that, when shown in succession, impart an impression of motion.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A History of Central Florida, Episode 42: Jim Crow Signs
Alternative Title
Jim Crow Signs Podcast
Subject
Podcasts
Documentaries
Eatonville (Fla.)
African Americans--Florida--Sanford
Sanford (Fla.)
African Americans--Segregation--Florida
Desegregation
Description
Episode 42 of A History of Central Florida podcasts: Jim Crow Signs. RICHES Podcast Documentaries are short form narrative documentaries that explore Central Florida history and are locally produced. These podcasts can involve the participation or cooperation of local area partners.<br /><br />Episode 42 features a discussion of racial segregation signs used in the Jim Crow South, which are housed at the Orange County Regional History Center in Orlando, Florida. This podcast also includes interviews with Dr. Stephen Caldwell Wright of Seminole State College and Dr. Julian C. Chambliss of Rollins College.
Table Of Contents
0:00:00 Introduction<br />0:01:52 The Jim Crow South<br />0:02:35 Origins of racial segregation<br />0:04:24 Origins of “Jim Crow”<br />0:05:08 Segregation in practice<br />0:07:07 African-American communities and business districts<br />0:09:09 <em>Brown v. the Board of Education of Topeka</em> and desegregation<br />0:11:12 Desegregating schools<br />0:11:59 African-American communities post-segregation<br />0:14:58 Conclusion<br />0:15:21 Credits
Type
Moving Image
Source
Original 15-minute and 48-second podcast by Kevin Stapleton, 2015: RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Orlando, Florida. <a href="http://youtu.be/wvzC9ergWHg" target="_blank">http://youtu.be/wvzC9ergWHg</a>.
Requires
<a href="http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer/" target="_blank"> Adobe Flash Player</a>
Application software, such as <a href="http://java.com/en/download/index.jsp" target="_blank"> Java</a>
Is Part Of
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>, Orlando, Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/137" target="_blank">A History of Central Florida Collection</a>, RICHES Podcast Documentaries Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.
Coverage
Orange County Regional History Center, Orlando, Florida
Hannibal Square, Winter Park, Florida
Goldsboro, Sanford, Florida
Eatonville, Orlando, Florida
Parramore, Orlando, Florida
Derns Elementary School, Orange County, Florida
Durrance Elementary School, Orlando, Florida
Creator
Stapleton, Kevin
Publisher
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>
Contributor
Stapleton, Kevin
Wright, Stephen Caldwell
Chambliss, Julian
French, Scot
Cassanello, Robert
Ford, Chip
Clarke, Bob
Gibson, Ella
Hazen, Kendra
Kelley, Katie
Velásquez, Daniel
<a href="https://www.thehistorycenter.org/" target="_blank">Orange County Regional History Center</a>
<a href="http://www.floridamemory.com/" target="_blank">Florida Memory Project</a>
<a href="http://www.loc.gov/" target="_blank">Library of Congress</a>
Date Created
ca. 2015-03-30
Date Issued
2015-03-30
Date Copyrighted
2015-03-30
Format
application/website
Extent
75.1 MB
Medium
15-minute and 48-second podcast
9-page digital transcript
Language
eng
Mediator
History Teacher
Civics/Government Teacher
Economics Teacher
Geography Teacher
Provenance
Originally created by Kevin Stapleton and published by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>.
Rights Holder
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>
Accrual Method
Item Creation
Contributing Project
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
Curator
Raffel, Sara
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
External Reference
Winsboro, Irvin D. S. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/797855859" target="_blank"><em>Old South, New South, or Down South?: Florida and the Modern Civil Rights Movement</em></a>. 2009.
Colburn, David R., and Jane Landers. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/48138716" target="_blank"><em>The African American Heritage of Florida</em></a>. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1995.
Borman, Kathryn M., and Sherman Dorn. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/137526262" target="_blank"><em>Education Reform in Florida Diversity and Equity in Public Policy</em></a>. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2007.
Click to View (Movie, Podcast, or Website)
<a href="http://youtu.be/RjOg09aeokc" target="_blank">A History of Central Florida, Episode 42: Jim Crow Signs</a>
15th Amendment
7-Up
A History of Central Florida
activism
African American
Amendment XV
American Civil War
Bailey, Tom
bomber
Boo-Boo's Bar
Brooks, Gwendolyn
Brooks, Gwendolyn Elizabeth
Brown v. the Board of Education of Topeka
bus
business
Campus Theater
Carver Theater
Castiglia, Francesco
Central Boulevard
Chambliss, Julian C.
City of Sanford
civil rights
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Civil Rights Movement
Civil War
Clarke, Bob
class
clinic
colored section
Constitution
constitutionality
Costello, Frank "The Prime Minister
county government
Crow, Jim
desegregation
Downtown Orlando
Durrance Elementary School
Eatonville
economic class
economics
education
equal rights
equality
Fifteenth Amendment
Ford, Chip
Fort Lauderdale
France
French
French Republic
French, Scot
gang
Georgetown
Gibson, Ella
Goldsboro
Goldwyn Avenue
government
Hannibal Square
Hazen, Kendra
imprisonment
incarceration
Indochina
integration
jail
Jim Crow
Jordan, Louis
Jordan, Lucius
Kelley, Katie
Key West
law
Lincoln, Abraham
local business
local government
Mainland Southeast Asia
mayor
McCarthy
Miami
middle class
minstrel
minstrelsy
mob
movie theater
NAACP
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
OCRHC
orange county
Orange County Courthouse
Orange County Public Schools
Orange County Regional History Center
organized crime
orlando
parole
Parramore
Plessy v. Ferguson
podcast
primary election
Prime Minister of the Underworld
prison
public education
public school
race relations
racism
racist
railroad
Reconstruction
RICHES
Robert Cassanello
Rollins College
Sanford
school
segregation
Seminole State College
separate but equal
sign
slavery
social class
SSC
Stapleton, Kevin
state government
State of Florida
stereotype
Stone's
street car
Supreme Court
Taylor, Robert
The Bribe
The Prime Minister
The Tallahassee Democrat
theater
Town & Country
U.S. Constitution
U.S. Supreme Court
UCF
unconstitutional
University of Central Florida
upper class
Velásquez, Daniel
war
Washington Shores Federal Savings and Loan Association
welfare
welfare board
welfare department
Winter Park
working class
Wright, Stephen Caldwell
-
https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/61afbab29e1c782c5c275d00aa526a27.pdf
bc3a1254a045c2f94ca80ba04218df8b
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A History of Central Florida Collection
Alternative Title
History of Central Florida Collection
Subject
Podcasts
Documentaries
Description
A History of Central Florida Podcast series explores Central Florida's history through the artifacts found in local area museums and historical societies.
Contributor
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
Cassanello, Robert
Is Part Of
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/70" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries Collection</a>, RICHES of Central Florida.
Language
eng
Type
Collection
Coverage
Altoona, Florida
Astor, Florida
Brevard County, Florida
Bushnell, Florida
Clermont, Florida
Cocoa Beach, Florida
Daytona Beach, Florida
DeLand, Florida
Disston City, Florida
Fort King, Florida
Geneva, Florida
Goldenrod, Florida
Groveland, Florida
Holly Hill, Florida
Hontoon Island, DeLand, Florida
Jacksonville, Florida
Kissimmee, Florida
Lake Apopka, Florida
Lake County, Florida
Lake Mary, Florida
Marion County, Florida
Merritt Island, Florida
Miami, Florida
Mims, Florida
Mount Dora, Florida
Newnans Lake, Gainesville, Florida
New Smyrna, Florida
New Smyrna Beach, Florida
Ocala, Florida
Ocklawaha River, Florida
Orlando, Florida
Ormond Beach, Florida
Osceola County, Florida
Sanford, Florida
Silver Springs, Florida
St. Augustine, Florida
St. Cloud, Florida
St. Johns River, Florida
St. Petersburg, Florida
Tampa, Florida
Tavares, Florida
Weirsdale, Florida
Winter Garden, Florida
Winter Park, Florida
Ybor City, Tampa, Florida
Rights Holder
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>
Contributing Project
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
Curator
Cepero, Laura
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
External Reference
"<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>." RICHES of Central Florida. http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php.
Moving Image
A series of visual representations that, when shown in succession, impart an impression of motion.
Original Format
1 podcast
Duration
14 minutes and 16 seconds
Compression
135kbps
Producer
Cassanello, Robert
Director
Stapleton, Kevin
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A History of Central Florida, Episode 42: Jim Crow Signs
Alternative Title
Jim Crow Signs Podcast
Subject
Podcasts
Documentaries
Eatonville (Fla.)
African Americans--Florida--Sanford
Sanford (Fla.)
African Americans--Segregation--Florida
Desegregation
Description
Episode 42 of A History of Central Florida podcasts: Jim Crow Signs. RICHES Podcast Documentaries are short form narrative documentaries that explore Central Florida history and are locally produced. These podcasts can involve the participation or cooperation of local area partners.<br /><br />Episode 42 features a discussion of racial segregation signs used in the Jim Crow South, which are housed at the Orange County Regional History Center in Orlando, Florida. This podcast also includes interviews with Dr. Stephen Caldwell Wright of Seminole State College and Dr. Julian C. Chambliss of Rollins College.
Table Of Contents
0:00:00 Introduction<br />0:01:52 The Jim Crow South<br />0:02:35 Origins of racial segregation<br />0:04:24 Origins of “Jim Crow”<br />0:05:08 Segregation in practice<br />0:07:07 African-American communities and business districts<br />0:09:09 <em>Brown v. the Board of Education of Topeka</em> and desegregation<br />0:11:12 Desegregating schools<br />0:11:59 African-American communities post-segregation<br />0:14:58 Conclusion<br />0:15:21 Credits
Type
Moving Image
Source
Original 15-minute and 48-second podcast by Kevin Stapleton, 2015: RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Orlando, Florida. <a href="http://youtu.be/wvzC9ergWHg" target="_blank">http://youtu.be/wvzC9ergWHg</a>.
Requires
<a href="http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer/" target="_blank"> Adobe Flash Player</a>
Application software, such as <a href="http://java.com/en/download/index.jsp" target="_blank"> Java</a>
Is Part Of
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>, Orlando, Florida.
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/137" target="_blank">A History of Central Florida Collection</a>, RICHES Podcast Documentaries Collection, RICHES.
Coverage
Orange County Regional History Center, Orlando, Florida
Hannibal Square, Winter Park, Florida
Goldsboro, Sanford, Florida
Eatonville, Orlando, Florida
Parramore, Orlando, Florida
Derns Elementary School, Orange County, Florida
Durrance Elementary School, Orlando, Florida
Creator
Stapleton, Kevin
Publisher
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>
Contributor
Stapleton, Kevin
Wright, Stephen Caldwell
Chambliss, Julian
French, Scot
Cassanello, Robert
Ford, Chip
Clarke, Bob
Gibson, Ella
Hazen, Kendra
Kelley, Katie
Velásquez, Daniel
<a href="https://www.thehistorycenter.org/" target="_blank">Orange County Regional History Center</a>
<a href="http://www.floridamemory.com/" target="_blank">Florida Memory Project</a>
<a href="http://www.loc.gov/" target="_blank">Library of Congress</a>
Date Created
ca. 2015-03-30
Date Issued
2015-03-30
Date Copyrighted
2015-03-30
Format
application/website
Extent
75.1 MB
160 KB
Medium
15-minute and 48-second podcast
9-page digital transcript
Language
eng
Mediator
History Teacher
Civics/Government Teacher
Economics Teacher
Geography Teacher
Provenance
Originally created by Kevin Stapleton and published by <a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>.
Rights Holder
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank">RICHES</a>
Accrual Method
Item Creation
Contributing Project
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
Curator
Raffel, Sara
Digital Collection
<a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank">RICHES MI</a>
Source Repository
<a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/podcastsblog.php" target="_blank">RICHES Podcast Documentaries</a>
External Reference
Winsboro, Irvin D. S. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/797855859" target="_blank"><em>Old South, New South, or Down South?: Florida and the Modern Civil Rights Movement</em></a>. 2009.
Colburn, David R., and Jane Landers. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/48138716" target="_blank"><em>The African American Heritage of Florida</em></a>. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1995.
Borman, Kathryn M., and Sherman Dorn. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/137526262" target="_blank"><em>Education Reform in Florida Diversity and Equity in Public Policy</em></a>. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2007.
Click to View (Movie, Podcast, or Website)
<a href="http://youtu.be/RjOg09aeokc" target="_blank">A History of Central Florida, Episode 42: Jim Crow Signs</a>
Transcript
<p><em>A History of</em></p>
<p><em>Central Florida</em></p>
<p><em>Presented By</em></p>
<p><em>RICHES</em></p>
<p><em>OF CENTRAL FLORIDA</em></p>
<p><em>ORANGE COUNTY REGIONAL</em></p>
<p><em>HISTORY CENTER</em></p>
<p><em>Smart. Surprising. Fun.</em></p>
<p><em>A History of</em></p>
<p><em>Central Florida</em></p>
<p><em>RICHES</em></p>
<p><em>OF CENTRAL FLORIDA</em></p>
<p><em>PODCAST</em></p>
<p><em>DOCUMENTARIES</em></p>
<p><strong>Stapleton<br /></strong>Thank you for downloading this episode of A History of Central Florida podcast. This is the podcast where we explore Central Florida’s history through the artifacts found in local museums and historical societies. This series is brought to you by RICHES, the Regional Initiative to Collect the History, Experiences, and Stories of Central Florida, and the Orange County Regional History Center.</p>
<p><em>ORANGE COUNTY REGIONAL</em></p>
<p><em>HISTORY CENTER</em></p>
<p><em>Smart. Surprising. Fun.</em></p>
<p><strong>Stapleton<br /></strong>I am Kevin Stapleton, and I will be your host for this episode titled, “Jim Crow Signs.”</p>
<p><em>Episode 42</em></p>
<p><em>Jim Crow Signs</em></p>
<p><em>WHITE</em></p>
<p><em>ONLY</em></p>
<p><strong>Stapleton</strong> <br />As Central Florida grew in the late 19<sup>th</sup> century, urban centers like Orlando and Sanford, as well as smaller communities in the region, became racially segregated. Segregation was initially and tacitly supported by most white residents, and soon became the official policy supported by the state government, cities, and local communities in Florida and the rest of the South. In this episode, we will examine the artifacts of racial segregation in Orlando.</p>
<p><em>WHITE ENTRANCE</em></p>
<p><em>CIVIL RIGHTS</em></p>
<p><strong>Stapleton<br /></strong>Signs denoting separate places for white and black residents had its origins in the late 19<sup>th</sup> century, as a way to remind African Americans of their second-class status.</p>
<p><em>COLORED ENTRANCE</em></p>
<p><strong>Stapleton<br /></strong>The same governments and legislatures—that only decades later granted citizenship and equal rights to blacks after slavery and the [American] Civil War—now gave sanction to the strict separation of the races.</p>
<p><em>LINCOLN</em></p>
<p><em>WITH MALICE</em></p>
<p><em>TOWARD NONE</em></p>
<p><em>WITH CHARITY</em></p>
<p><em>FOR ALL.</em></p>
<p><em>“Equal Rights</em></p>
<p><em>Before the Law.</em></p>
<p><em>The “Jim Crow” Street Car</em></p>
<p><em>THE WAY IT WORKS IN </em>[illegible]</p>
<p><strong>Stapleton<br /></strong>These signs were colloquially known as “Jim Crow Signs,” which transmitted their social and cultural meaning as spaces or places of inferior status and accommodation.</p>
<p>Dr. Stephen Caldwell Wright was born in Sanford, Florida, and came of age during the height of the Civil Rights Movement. He tells us what Jim Crow meant.</p>
<p><em>COLORED</em></p>
<p><strong>Wright<br /></strong>Uh, Jim Crow was a system of segregation, essentially. Um, separate, uh, economic, political, social systems within a community and throughout the nation, and, uh, it simply meant, um, supposedly, “separate but equal” after a while, but somehow the “equal” got lost [<em>laughs</em>].</p>
<p><strong>Stapleton<br /></strong>Racial segregation came from a series of laws passed at the state and local level at the end of the 19<sup>th</sup> century. This cumulated with the 1896 U.S. Supreme Court decision <em>Plessy v. Ferguson</em>—that established that separate but equal facilities—was constitutional. Dr. Scot French, from the University of Central Florida, tells us about the philosophy behind these segregation laws.</p>
<p><em>COLORED</em></p>
<p><em>MEN</em></p>
<p><em>Orange County Courthouse 1950s Restroom Sign</em></p>
<p><strong>French<br /></strong>These signs are really a product of a system of racial control that replaced slavery. In the aftermath of, uh, Reconstruction, there was a lot of conflict, obviously, in the streets and in public places…</p>
<p><em>COLORED ENTRANCE</em></p>
<p><strong>French<br /></strong>And, uh, the politics of space became very personalized, and of course, this—this problem gets multiplied in the age of railroads when, uh, strangers are confronting one another in passenger cars, and there’s a real effort to control this population of free people, and to remind them of their place in society, and that place in the eyes of the powers that be, the—the white redeemers of the southern, uh, government and politics—their place was, uh, underneath the white man, that this was a white man’s country. After the <em>Plessy</em> decision, the Supreme Court decision which—well, made the—the—the principle of “separate but equal,” uh, the law of the land, there was en effort to begin to codify all of these practices in law to…</p>
<p><em>COLORED ENTRANCE</em></p>
<p><strong>French<br /></strong>Designate certain spaces as for colored and certain spaces as for white…</p>
<p><em>WHITE ENTRANCE</em></p>
<p><em>CIVIL RIGHTS</em></p>
<p><strong>French<br /></strong>and the idea behind this was that it would keep black people and white people from brushing up against each other in ways that would lead to—to conflict.</p>
<p><em>“Equal Rights</em></p>
<p><em>Before the Law.</em></p>
<p><em>The “Jim Crow” Street Car</em></p>
<p><strong>Stapleton<br /></strong>The word “Jim Crow” originally came from African-American activists in the middle of the 19<sup>th</sup> century. African Americans used the term to describe the ways in which they were treated differently from whites in public accommodations and services. From then on, the name stuck.</p>
<p><em>JIM CROW.</em></p>
<p>[illegible]</p>
<p><strong>Stapleton<br /></strong>Jim Crow was a blackface character, performed by white stage actors, during that time which portrayed blacks without human dignity or humanity through racist stereotypes. For African Americans, the system of racial segregation was part of that same dehumanizing legacy.</p>
<p><em>DIRECTORY</em></p>
<p><em>1<sup>ST</sup> FLOOR</em></p>
<p><em>COUNTY WELFARE DEPT</em></p>
<p><em>WHITE WAITING ROOM 8</em></p>
<p><em>COLORED 6</em></p>
<p><em>COUNTY CLINIC 8</em></p>
<p><em>DISTRICT WELFARE BOARD</em></p>
<p><em>INTAKE OFFICE</em></p>
<p><strong>Stapleton<br /></strong>Even though according to the law and court decisions, separate was to be equal, it never was. “Separate” was only a way to reinforce difference. Dr. Wright tells us how he experienced segregation growing up in Central Florida.</p>
<p><strong>Wright<br /></strong>Usually, there was a black section, um, if I remember correctly, uh, usually a smaller area, and usually more crowded than the larger so-called “white section,” and the black sections, uh—what were then called the “colored sections,” were not nearly as well-kept, and—and—and—and the like. That would be true in terms of the bathrooms, as well. For instance, I remember…</p>
<p><em>COLORED</em></p>
<p><strong>Wright<br /></strong>Um, in many instances, um, men and women shared the same bathroom, while in the other section, you’d have women and then men, uh, facilities.</p>
<p>Uh, taking the bus was, um, notable, because it was understood that when you got on the bus you went to the back, and that was understood. There were no signs. The signs were the faces. The driver would, you know—knew that you were going to go to the back, and would give you a funny look if you sat too close up front, and that kind of thing. Not all of them, but some of them would.</p>
<p>If you went downtown, and you were standing at the counter, then you knew that everybody else was going to be waited on, served before you. So you could be standing there, but if a person who was white walked up, then they would reach around you and just continually serve all of them, until they had gone. Then, they would serve you.</p>
<p><strong>Stapleton<br /></strong>Although racial segregation translated to second-class citizenship for African Americans, it did not mean that residents of Central Florida stood idly by.</p>
<p><em>7UP</em></p>
<p><em>BOO-BOO’S BAR</em></p>
<p><em>TOWN& COUNTRY</em></p>
<p><em>Stone’s[?]</em></p>
<p><strong>Stapleton<br /></strong>African Americans founded their own businesses, churches, civic associations, and even towns. Local communities usually had a segregated downtown district, where African American businesses and residents lived. In Sanford, there was Georgetown; in Winter Park, there was Hannibal Square; and Parramore, on the west side of Downtown Orlando.</p>
<p>African Americans even established entire incorporated towns, which elected black officials, such as Goldsboro, west of Sanford, and Eatonville, north of Orlando. Goldsboro eventually was absorbed into the City of Sanford in 1911, but Eatonville is one of the few black municipalities founded during this period that still exists. Dr. Julian [C.] Chambliss, from Rollins College, tells us about these black business districts that emerged out of racially segregated cities.</p>
<p><em>THIS HOME IS FINANCED BY</em></p>
<p><em>Washington</em></p>
<p><em>Shores</em></p>
<p><em>Federal</em></p>
<p><em>Savings And Loan Association</em></p>
<p><em>715 GOLDWYN AVE.</em></p>
<p><em>293-7320 • ORLANDO</em></p>
<p><strong>Chambliss<br /></strong>Well, segregation’s sort of unplanned, perhaps on some level, uh, benefit for an African-American community is to coalesce, uh, the [inaudible] community within the boundaries established by white society. As a result, what you see is a whole infrastructure created around servicing the black community—servicing—so black professionals, doctors, lawyers, teachers, um, black businesses that are serving black residents. All those are situated around the core of the black community. So if you look at a place like, for instance, Hannibal Square in Winter Park, Florida…</p>
<p>[illegible]</p>
<p><em>HOTEL</em></p>
<p>[illegible]</p>
<p><strong>Chambliss<br /></strong>You have everything that African Americans could possibly need within the confines of their segregated community, and this, of course, bolsters the economic standing of those, uh, business owners and those professionals. They are, in fact, servicing a captured audience, but that doesn’t mean that they’re not doing good service to the community.</p>
<p><strong>Stapleton<br /></strong>By the 1950s, many public places did not admit blacks at all, and separate entrances and facilities were common in courthouses and other public buildings for access by African Americans.</p>
<p>Another Supreme Court decision in 1954, <em>Brown v. the Board of Education</em> [<em>of Topeka</em>], finally overturned the <em>Plessy</em> decision, and the Federal Government finally declared that “separate” was not only unequal, but also unconstitutional.</p>
<p><em>Tallahassee Democrat</em></p>
<p><em>Court Bans Segregation</em></p>
<p><em>In Public School Cases</em></p>
<p><em>Court Ruling</em></p>
<p><em>Is Unanimous</em></p>
<p><em>Cases Directly Involve</em></p>
<p><em>Only Five States But 17</em></p>
<p><em>Others May Be Affected</em></p>
<p>[illegible]</p>
<p><em>Paroled Man’s</em></p>
<p><em>Captures Ends</em></p>
<p><em>Reign of Terror</em></p>
<p>[illegible] <em>Retrieved</em></p>
<p><em>As Mayor</em> [illegible]</p>
<p>[illegible]</p>
<p><em>Court Questions</em></p>
<p><em>Suit Challenging</em></p>
<p><em>Second Primary</em></p>
<p>[illegible]</p>
<p><em>Secrecy Clamp</em></p>
<p><em>Put On Talks</em></p>
<p><em>McCarthy Calls Order “Cover Up”</em></p>
<p>[illegible]</p>
<p><em>French Cancel</em></p>
<p><em>Air Evacuation</em></p>
<p><em>In Indochina</em></p>
<p><em>All Out Attack</em></p>
<p><em>Will Be Resumed</em></p>
<p><em>On Rebel Troops</em></p>
<p>[illegible]</p>
<p><em>Frank Costello</em></p>
<p><em>Gets Five Year</em></p>
<p><em>Prison Term</em></p>
<p>[illegible]</p>
<p><em>New US Bomber</em></p>
<p><em>Test Seen Near</em></p>
<p>[illegible]</p>
<p><em>Sober, Careful</em></p>
<p><em>Thought Urged</em></p>
<p><em>By Tom Bailey</em></p>
<p>[illegible]</p>
<p><strong>Stapleton<br /></strong>Although by the 1950s, many Americans were recognizing that racial segregation was wrong, it was a long process for state and local communities to dismantle Jim Crow’s segregation. Dr. French explains.</p>
<p><strong>French<br /></strong>It was really not any secret. Everybody knew this. In many ways…</p>
<p><em>COLORED ENTRANCE</em></p>
<p><strong>French<br /></strong>The—that the—these signs were a part of a fiction of “separate but equal,” but for African Americans, of course, it was never equal. And, in fact, this was the basis for the great challenges to, uh…</p>
<p><em>WHITE ENTRANCE</em></p>
<p><em>CIVIL RIGHTS</em></p>
<p><strong>French<br /></strong>Segregated society. the great legal challenges was the “equal” was not equal under this system, and, uh, you began to see in the 20<sup>th</sup> century a chipping away at this edifice of—of Jim Crow law…</p>
<p><em>Segregation</em></p>
<p><em>IS</em></p>
<p><em>UnAmerican</em>[sic]</p>
<p><strong>French<br /></strong>Based on the fact that the facilities provided to African Americans were profoundly unequal or absent altogether. After <em>Brown v. Board of Education</em>, many civil rights advocates—activists white and black—decided to test the law, to—to take the idea that public spaces should be open, uh, as there were increasingly being made open. The courts began to open up public spaces, particularly in places like interstate travel, and so the waiting rooms at bus stations or railroad stations became desegregated, technically. However, in practice, states and localities continued to enforce segregation. They left those signs on the walls, and they continued to insist that persons of color sit in different waiting rooms—in waiting rooms designated for them.</p>
<p><strong>Stapleton<br /></strong>In Central Florida, racially segregated schools were the norm until the 1960s, when Durrance Elementary was integrated under pressure from the Federal Government. And soon, other Orange County schools agreed to desegregate.</p>
<p>[illegible]</p>
<p><strong>Stapleton<br /></strong>Because of demonstrations by civil rights activists, community leaders, and students, local officials closed some public facilities, rather than allow them to be racially integrated. This public activism and protest against Jim Crow segregation…</p>
<p><em>FT. LAUDERDALE</em></p>
<p><em>NAACP</em></p>
<p><em>YOUTH COUNCIL</em></p>
<p><em>FT. LAUDERDALE</em></p>
<p><em>BRANCH</em></p>
<p><em>NAACP</em></p>
<p><em>NAACP</em></p>
<p><em>FORT LAUDERDALE</em></p>
<p><em>NAACP</em></p>
<p><em>KEY WEST</em></p>
<p><em>BRANCH</em></p>
<p><em>PASS THE</em></p>
<p><em>CIVIL RIGHTS</em></p>
<p><em>BILL!</em></p>
<p><em>NAACP</em></p>
<p><em>MIAMI</em></p>
<p><em>BRANCH</em></p>
<p><strong>Stapleton<br /></strong>Was similar to events throughout the state and the rest of the South. It was through this activism, and because of the passing…</p>
<p><em>THE</em></p>
<p><em>Civil Rights</em></p>
<p><em>Act of 1964</em></p>
<p><strong>Stapleton<br /></strong>Of the 1964 Civil Rights Act by the U.S. Congress that outlawed these forms of racial segregation and relegated the Jim Crow signs to the dust bin of history.</p>
<p>Although the system of Jim Crow disappeared, its absence, while welcomed by all segments of society, left a vacuum in the once-thriving black downtowns, as Dr. Chambliss explains.</p>
<p><em>CAMPUS</em></p>
<p><em>THEATER</em></p>
<p><strong>Chambliss<br /></strong>In order to make sure African Americans had full sorta status as—as Americans, um, they had to break down the segregation system. As a consequence, the restrictions in terms of movement, and space, and regulations associated with zoning housing, uh, gave way, and with that, African Americans had the choice of where they wanted to live and how they wanted to live. This had a direct negative impact—impact on the strong cohesion that was created by that outward force constraining African Americans into their, uh, communities. So you see a spread—a spreading out, but you also, I think, see a kind of breaking down. The strong cohesion created by the outside force threatening the black community goes away. African Americans are able—‘cause, especially middle-class and upper-class African Americans, are able to move to places that are better, and this leaves the working-class African Americans…</p>
<p><em>7UP</em></p>
<p><em>BOO-BOO’S BAR</em></p>
<p><em>TOWN& COUNTRY</em></p>
<p><em>Stone’s[?]</em></p>
<p><strong>Chambliss<br /></strong>Um, in that former space, but without the sort of economic and social connections that they had during segregation.</p>
<p><strong>Stapleton<br /></strong>As Dr. Chambliss mentioned, the legacy of Jim Crow is bittersweet. It is a legacy that residents of these communities confront today. Dr. Wright recalls for us his struggle with this legacy, and the conversation he had with his mentor and friend, the late Gwendolyn [Elizabeth] Brooks, the famous African-American poet.</p>
<p><strong>Wright<br /></strong>It’s interesting that, um, when I think of, um, integration, uh, and the whole business of…</p>
<p><em>CARVER</em></p>
<p><em>DOUBLE</em></p>
<p><em>FEATURE</em></p>
<p><em>ROBERT TAYLOR</em></p>
<p><em>THE BRIBE</em></p>
<p><em>LOUIS JORDAN BEWARE</em></p>
<p>[illegible]</p>
<p><em>NEWS</em></p>
<p><em>WORZ • ARM CLUB• KIDDIE SHOW</em></p>
<p><em>Free STAGE SHOW Here</em></p>
<p><em>• AUCTION • PRIZES • FUN •</em></p>
<p><strong>Wright<br /></strong>Uh, segregation supposedly going away, one of the—one of the great losses is, in fact, the—the black community—the black business community. Um, members of the black community are—are now affiliated with, uh, non-black institutions, and—and that’s the way it is. Reminds me of what Gwendolyn Brooks said to me when I said to her one day, “All of the black principals have moved out of the community,” and she said, “Oh.” Looked at me and she said, “I’m glad you stayed. I’m glad you stayed. They need to see you.”</p>
<p>[illegible]</p>
<p><strong>Wright<br /></strong><strong>“</strong>The children need to see you,” and that’s I think the great loss with—with the, um—with that. But when, um, integration advanced, as far as I’m concerned, uh…</p>
<p><em>COLORED ENTRANCE</em></p>
<p><strong>Wright<br /></strong>The black community suffered irreparably. It will never recover. Uh…</p>
<p><strong>Stapleton<br /></strong>We hope that you have enjoyed this episode of A History of Central Florida podcast. For more information on the objects featured in this episode…</p>
<p><em>Orange County Regional</em></p>
<p><em>History Center</em></p>
<p><em>65 E Central Blvd.</em></p>
<p><em>Orlando, FL 32801</em></p>
<p><strong>Stapleton<br /></strong>Please visit the Orange County Regional History Center at 65 East Central Boulevard, Orlando, Florida, 32801.</p>
<p><em>Episode 43</em></p>
<p><em>Surf Boards</em></p>
<p><strong>Stapleton<br /></strong>Make sure to join us for our next episode entitled “Surf Boards.”</p>
<p><em>Executive Producer</em></p>
<p><em>Robert Cassanello</em></p>
<p><em>Episode Producer</em></p>
<p><em>Kevin Stapleton</em></p>
<p><em>Written by</em></p>
<p><em>Kevin Stapleton</em></p>
<p><em>Directed by</em></p>
<p><em>Kevin Stapleton</em></p>
<p><em>Edited by</em></p>
<p><em>Chip Ford</em></p>
<p><em>Photos</em></p>
<p><em>Bob Clarke</em></p>
<p><em>Photos & Images</em></p>
<p><em>Florida Memory Project</em></p>
<p><em>Photos & Images</em></p>
<p><em>Library of Congress</em></p>
<p><em>Voices</em></p>
<p><em>Kevin Stapleton</em></p>
<p><em>Voices</em></p>
<p><em>Dr. Julian Chambliss</em></p>
<p><em>Voices</em></p>
<p><em>Dr. Scot French</em></p>
<p><em>Voices</em></p>
<p><em>Dr. Stephen Caldwell Wright</em></p>
<p><em>Production Staff</em></p>
<p><em>Bob Clarke</em></p>
<p><em>Production Staff</em></p>
<p><em>Chip Ford</em></p>
<p><em>Production Staff</em></p>
<p><em>Ella Gibson</em></p>
<p><em>Production Staff</em></p>
<p><em>Kendra Hazen</em></p>
<p><em>Production Staff</em></p>
<p><em>Katie Kelley</em></p>
<p><em>Production Staff</em></p>
<p><em>Daniel Velásquez</em></p>
15th Amendment
7-Up
A History of Central Florida
activism
African American
Amendment XV
American Civil War
Bailey, Tom
bomber
Boo-Boo's Bar
Brooks, Gwendolyn
Brooks, Gwendolyn Elizabeth
Brown v. the Board of Education of Topeka
bus
business
Campus Theater
Carver Theater
Castiglia, Francesco
Central Boulevard
Chambliss, Julian C.
City of Sanford
civil rights
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Civil Rights Movement
Civil War
Clarke, Bob
class
clinic
colored section
Constitution
constitutionality
Costello, Frank "The Prime Minister
county government
Crow, Jim
desegregation
Downtown Orlando
Durrance Elementary School
Eatonville
economic class
economics
education
equal rights
equality
Fifteenth Amendment
Ford, Chip
Fort Lauderdale
France
French
French Republic
French, Scot
gang
Georgetown
Gibson, Ella
Goldsboro
Goldwyn Avenue
government
Hannibal Square
Hazen, Kendra
imprisonment
incarceration
Indochina
integration
jail
Jim Crow
Jordan, Louis
Jordan, Lucius
Kelley, Katie
Key West
law
Lincoln, Abraham
local business
local government
Mainland Southeast Asia
mayor
McCarthy
Miami
middle class
minstrel
minstrelsy
mob
movie theater
NAACP
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
OCRHC
orange county
Orange County Courthouse
Orange County Public Schools
Orange County Regional History Center
organized crime
orlando
parole
Parramore
Plessy v. Ferguson
podcast
primary election
Prime Minister of the Underworld
prison
public education
public school
race relations
racism
racist
railroad
Reconstruction
RICHES
Robert Cassanello
Rollins College
Sanford
school
segregation
Seminole State College
separate but equal
sign
slavery
social class
SSC
Stapleton, Kevin
state government
State of Florida
stereotype
Stone's
street car
Supreme Court
Taylor, Robert
The Bribe
The Prime Minister
The Tallahassee Democrat
theater
Town & Country
U.S. Constitution
U.S. Supreme Court
UCF
unconstitutional
University of Central Florida
upper class
Velásquez, Daniel
war
Washington Shores Federal Savings and Loan Association
welfare
welfare board
welfare department
Winter Park
working class
Wright, Stephen Caldwell