Universal Orlando Resort Grad Bash Ticket, 2009
Universal Studios Florida (Orlando, Fla. : Amusement park)
A ticket for Oviedo High School's Grad Bash for the Class of 2009, held at the Universal Orlando Resort, located at 6000 Universal Boulevard in Orlando, Florida. Oviedo High School is a Seminole County Public School located in Oviedo, Florida. Originally called the Oviedo School, the institution was first established in 1922 as a K-12 school. In 1948, the secondary grades separated from the elementary school. The upper grade levels formed Oviedo High School and moved to the campus at 601 King Street. Oviedo High School is notable for The Lion's Tale, the award-winning school newspaper recognized by various national and state scholastic press associations of its high ratings from the Governor's A+ Plan for Education of and its successful athletics programs.
Universal Studios Orlando
Original ticket: Universal Studios Orlando, Orlando, Florida, April 28, 2009: Private Collection of Sarah Thorncroft.
Universal Orlando Resort, Orlando, Florida
Oviedo High School Junior-Senior Prom Ticket
A ticket for Oviedo High School's prom for the Class of 2009, held at the Walt Disney World Swan and Dolphin, located at 1500 Epcot Resorts Boulevard in Orlando, Florida, on April 25, 2009. Oviedo High School is a Seminole County Public School located in Oviedo, Florida. Originally called the Oviedo School, the institution was first established in 1922 as a K-12 school. In 1948, the secondary grades separated from the elementary school. The upper grade levels formed Oviedo High School and moved to the campus at 601 King Street. Oviedo High School is notable for The Lion's Tale, the award-winning school newspaper recognized by various national and state scholastic press associations of its high ratings from the Governor's A+ Plan for Education of and its successful athletics programs.
Original ticket, 2009: Private Collection of Sarah Thorncroft.
Walt Disney World Swan and Dolphin, Orlando, Florida
Oviedo High School Commencement Ticket, 2007
A commencement ticket for the Oviedo High School graduation ceremony for the Class of 2007, held at the UCF Arena in Orlando, Florida, held on May 22, 2007. Oviedo High School is a Seminole County Public School located in Oviedo, Florida. Originally called the Oviedo School, the institution was first established in 1922 as a K-12 school. In 1948, the secondary grades separated from the elementary school. The upper grade levels formed Oviedo High School and moved to the campus at 601 King Street. Oviedo High School is notable for The Lion's Tale, the award-winning school newspaper recognized by various national and state scholastic press associations of its high ratings from the Governor's A+ Plan for Education of and its successful athletics tickets.
Original ticket, 2007: Private Collection of Sarah Thorncroft.
Quick Tick International, Inc.
A local crew t-shirt for Tool’s 2007 tour. Tool is an American alternative rock and metal band who formed in Los Angeles, California, in 1990. Incorporating visual arts and long, complex releases, the band gained worldwide critical and commercial success, winning three Grammy awards as of November 2015. The shirt was donated by Mick Dolan, who was a local crew member for the band’s show at the Amway Arena, located at 600 West Amelia Street in Orlando, Florida on May 31, 2007. The tour was in support of the band’s 2006 album, 10,000 Days. The lineup for the tour included Maynard James Keenan on lead vocals, Adam Jones on guitar, Justin Chancellor on bass, and Danny Carey on drums and percussion.
Original color digital images: Private Collection of Mick Dolan.
A local crew t-shirt for the Who’s 2006-2007 tour. The Who is an English rock band that are considered to be one of the greatest musical influences in rock music of the 20th century. Formed in 1964, they have gone on to sell over 100 million albums and continue to be one of the highest grossing touring bands of all time. The band’s 2006-2007 tour was in support of their album, Endless Wire, and was their first worldwide concert tour since 1997. The lineup for the tour included Roger Daltrey on vocals, Pete Townshend on guitar and vocals, Brian Kehew on keyboard, Pino Palladino on bass, Zak Starkey on drums, and Simon Townshend on guitar and vocals. The shirt was donated by Mick Dolan, who was a local crew member for the band’s show at the Ford Amphitheatre, located at 4802 North US Highway 301 in Tampa, Florida, on March 25, 2007. The show initially occurred on March 13, but abruptly ended when Daltrey was unable to sing due to a respiratory infection. Townshend stopped the band and apologized to the crowd, and the band’s manager, Bill Curbishley, rescheduled the show. There were 9,500 in attendance, and the supporting act was Rose Hill Drive.
A t-shirt for the band Dorian Gray. Named after Oscar Wilde’s philosophical novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray, Dorian Gray was formed in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1983. The original lineup consisted of Billy DenMead on lead vocals and guitar, Dave Chamberlain on lead guitar, Al Collins on bass, and Jani Lane on drums. Collins stayed behind when the band moved to Orlando, Florida, and was replaced by Kevin Ryan. The band performed at clubs across the southeastern United States, frequently performing at Fern Park Station in Fern Park, Florida. Lane moved to Los Angeles, California, in 1985, where he achieved superstardom as the lead vocalist of the popular glam metal band, Warrant, until leaving the group in 2004. He recorded several solo projects and became involved in acting. Lane died of acute alcohol poisoning on August 11, 2011. Dorian Gray replaced Lane with Morgan Evans and continued to perform until they disbanded around 1988. Ryan would find success performing with Rick Derringer and Pat Travers. DenMead formed Skin Deep with Orlando guitarist Angelo Jannotti in 1988, and they continue to perform as of 2015.
Screaming Iguanas of Love (Musical group)
A t-shirt for the band Screaming Iguanas of Love. Formed in Melbourne, Florida, in early 1987, the group consisted of singer, songwriter, and guitarist Gregory Reinel; drummer and background vocalist David Burley; and bassist and background vocalist J. T. Burley. Although their sound has been described as retro and akin to many of the British invasion bands of the mid-1960s, such as the Beatles, the Rolling Stones, the Kinks, and the Dave Clark Five, the band recorded their two albums on Naked Language, Ichiban Records' alternative-rock division, capitalizing on the popularity of the alternative rock movement of the early 1990s. Their sound is also heavily influenced by rockabilly. The artwork on this t-shirt is reminiscent of their first album, Wild Wild Wild, which was released in 1991. Their second and final album, Glad You Weren't There, was released in 1992. Although neither album was widely distributed, both were critically well-received. The band backed Roy Loney of Flamin' Groovie in a short series of Southeastern dates and also toured with the Fleshtones.
A t-shirt for the music venue and bar, Fern Park Station. Also known as The Station at Fern Park, the bar was located at 140 Fernwood Boulevard in Casselberry. The former hard rock club with 1980s décor hosted local and national acts. While acting as drummer for the Orlando-based rock band, Dorian Gray, Jani Lane, who would go on to international fame as the lead vocalist for the glam rock band, Warrant, performed his vocal debut at the venue. The Station closed around 2003.
A t-shirt for the band Secret Service. Secret Service, which eventually changed its name to The Trial, was a hard rock band formed in Tampa Bay, Florida, in the 1980s. The lineup consisted of Steve Gruden on vocals and guitar, Rick Moran on guitar, Mark Busto on drums, and Tom Perry on bass. While Gruden and Moran were the predominant songwriters, they also collaborated with Todd Cerney, who was an acclaimed Nashville country music writer who wrote songs for Loverboy, Cheap Trick,, and others. The group often performed at the original Killian's Rock Cafe at 4235 West Waters Avenue in Tampa. Steve Gruden won Best Male Vocalist at the 4th Annual Tampa Bay Music Awards on July 3, 1992. The band was also nominated for Band of the Year. The group signed a management deal with Cliff Witherspoon in January 1993. The group's final performance was on Sunday, February 20, 1994. Steve Gruden passed away a month later on March 19, 1994.
A t-shirt for the band Stiff Kitten. Originally called Bulz Eye, Stiff Kitten was formed in Orlando, Florida, around 1983. The group consisted of Deryle Hughes on lead vocals, slide guitar, and harmonica; Jamie Baker on bass and vocals; Gary Groves on keyboard and vocals; and Greg Saxonis on drums. Saxonis would be eventually be replaced by Dave Tinney and then Jeff Bonenfant. The band moved to Tampa for a brief time before returning to Orlando, eventually changing their name to Sons of Doctors, which became the name most closely associated with them. Largely a classic rock cover band during the 1980s and early 1990s, Hughes began composing music by the mid-1990s. Joe Stump joined in 1996 and contributed guitar and vocals. The group regularly performed at Orlando clubs such as Junkyard, Townsend's, Green Parrot, as well as at the Full Moon Saloon in Daytona Beach during bike weeks. They opened up the Daytona 500 on the infield on February 14, 1999. The band signed with Sony Records and recorded several original tracks, but disbanded in 1999. Deryle Hughes formed Simple Southern Boys with keyboardist Doug Bare in Orlando in 2004. He opened a recording studio called Big Shot Studios in Altamonte Springs in June 2006.
A t-shirt for the band Barrage. Barrage was a hard rock band formed in Orlando, Florida, in 1988. The original lineup consisted of Jamie Barker on keyboard and background vocals, Jeffrey Alan Bonenfant on drums and percussion, Andy McKinney on bass and backing vocals, Steve Tedesco on lead vocals and guitar, and Tony Visconti on background vocals and guitar. The group won Best Band in Jam Magazine's Jammy Awards in 1991 and were nominated for Entertainer of the Year in 1995. The released a self-produced album, Constant Pounding, in 1991, which contained lead and background vocalist, David Hayes, and an album for Signature/Barrage Productions, Barrage, in 1994. Barrage disbanded in 1994, and Tedesco and Visconti eventually reunited in the band, Black Canvas, in 2012.
A t-shirt for the bar/nightclub Saint & Sinners Pub. The pub is part of Bruce Rossmeyer's Destination Daytona Complex, which is an internationally recognized commercial and residential real estate complex in Ormond Beach, Florida. In addition to Saints & Sinners, the complex includes Rossmeyer's Harley-Davidson showroom, several retail shops, restaurants, and a luxury hotel. The complex is a popular tourist destination, especially during Daytona's Bike Week. The Saints & Sinners Pub is located at 1635 North U.S. Highway 1.
Saints & Sinners Pub, Ormond Beach, Florida
Memoirs of Life in a Wayne County Migrant Farm Camp
A newspaper article by Patricia Ann Black and published in The Times of Wayne County on February 1, 2015. The article is about Black's life growing up on a migrant farm camp in Wayne County, New York. Black was the daughter of Pilgrim Black (1905-2002) and Lula Mae Haynes Black (1917-2007), who got married in 1937. Patricia was born August 31, 1956, and grew up at the end of East Tenth Street in Sanford, Florida. She attended Hopper Elementary through sixth grade, Lakeview Middle School for seventh grade, Sanford Junior High School for eighth grade, Crooms High School for ninth grade, and Seminole High School through twelfth grade. She also attended school in the North Rose-Wolcott district each year while in Upstate New York. During fourth grade, integration began and parents were given the choice to have their children to attend other schools, but Patricia chose to continue attending an all-black school until she entered seventh grade in 1968 and began attending integrated schools. In June 1973, Patricia married her first husband, Clint Holt (1955-); however, the couple quickly separated due to domestic violence and divorced around 1977. Patricia gave birth to her first child, Charmion Le'Antwinetta Holt (1974-). She also had three other children with William Bigham Jr. (1952-), who she was married to for 33 years: William Arthur Bigham III (1982-), Brandon Oliver Black (1990-), and Tempestt Teonte' Black (1992-). Patricia currently lives in the family home built by her grandmother, Maggie Benjamin Black (ca.1870-ca.1934) on East Tenth Street in Sanford. Patricia endured weekly molestation for 11 years from age six to age seventeen and was raped at age seventeen while pregnant with Charmion. At age 29, Patricia became severely addicted to smoking cocaine. After seven years, Patricia was able to overcome her addiction and has maintained her sobriety for 21 years. She has suffered severe mental and physical damage and is still recovering today. Despite her traumatic experiences and sibling rejections, Patricia has developed a devout relationship with God. While in recovery, Patricia refocused her attention on spreading her ministry of love by becoming a foster parent, serving as the Parent Representative of the Committee for Special Education (CSE), and serving on her local school board in the North Rose-Wolcott school district. Patricia also has owned her own business making incense and importing shea butter from Africa. She also became a licensed nail technician specializing in stress-relieving pedicures. As of 2009, Patricia is retired but still maintains some involvement in her business/ministry named GIFTED.
Original newspaper article by Patricia Ann Black: The Times of Wayne County, February 1, 2015, page F5.
The Times of Wayne County
Joseph Lawton, October 18, 1753 - March 1815
A history of Joseph Lawton (1753-1815), who was the son of William Lawton of England and Mary Sams. Lawton was born on his father's Plantation, Steamboat Creek, on Edisto Island, South Carolina on October 18, 1753. By 1774, Lawton moved his family to Black Swamp, where he established a plantation called Mulberry Grove Plantation. Lawton married Sarah Robert (d. 1839) on March 18, 1773, and together they had seven children. In 1831, Sarah began the tradition of holding an Lawton family reunion. This booklet also includes a history of Black Swamp around the time of the American Revolutionary War, as well as a family tree.
Original 17-page booklet: Lawton, Thomas Oregon, Jr. Joseph Lawton, October 18, 1753 - March 1815. Lawton and Allied Families Association, 1975: Private Collection of Betty Jean Aulin Reagan.
Steamboat Creek, Edisto Island, South Carolina
Mulberry Grove Plantation, Walterboro, South Carolina
Black Swamp, Robertville, South Carolina
The family lineage for the Lawtons of Summer Oaks in Oviedo, Florida. This family tree begins with William Lawton, who was born in England, and continues through to the family of Betty Jean Aulin Reagan. This booklet is missing pages 2, 3, and 5. Joseph Lawton (1753-1815), the son of William Lawton of England and Mary Sams, was the patriarch that began the native-born Lawton legacy. Lawton was born on his father's Plantation, Steamboat Creek, on Edisto Island, South Carolina on October 18, 1753. By 1774, Lawton moved his family to Black Swamp, where he established a plantation called Mulberry Grove Plantation. Lawton married Sarah Robert (d. 1839) on March 18, 1773, and together they had seven children. The best-known of the Lawton family was Thomas Willingham Lawton (1882-1963). T. W. Lawton graduated from Rollins College in 1903. He later received his master's degree from Andover Newton College in Boston, Massachusetts. Following college, Lawton returned to Oviedo, where he married Charlotte "Lottie" Lee (1887-1984) and served as the principal of the Oviedo School from 1905 to 1907. In 1916, he became the first elected Superintendent of Schools of Seminole County. He held that post until 1952 and passed away 11 years later in 1963. Lawton Elementary School is named in his honor.
Original 17-page booklet: Church, Stacey Allene and Gerald Marshall Church. The Lawtons of Summer Oaks. Lawton and Allied Families Association, 1984: Private Collection of Betty Jean Aulin Reagan.
Summer Oaks Plantation, Thomas County, Georgia
The 1951 edition of The Oviedian, the yearbook for the Oviedo School, located at 601 King Street in Oviedo, Florida. The school was first established in 1932 as a K-12 school. In 1948, the secondary grades separated from the elementary school. The upper grade levels formed Oviedo High School and moved to the campus at 601 King Street. Oviedo High School is notable for The Lion's Tale, the award-winning school newspaper recognized by various national and state scholastic press associations; its high ratings from the Governor's A+ Plan for Education; and its successful athletics programs.
Original 45-page yearbook: The Oviedian, Vol. XIV (Oviedo, FL: Oviedo School, 1951): Private Collection of Bettye Reagan.
Oviedo School
A booklet, compiled by the Oviedo Historical Society, featuring historic houses and buildings in Oviedo, Florida. The booklet features historic buildings constructed before 1960, just before the period of expanded housing developments in Oviedo. The oldest homes were constructed in the 1880s.
Original 38-page booklet: Oviedo Historical Society. Oviedo, Circa 1960. 1982: Private Collection of Betty Reagan.
Oviedo Historical Society
Fountainhead Missionary Baptist Church, Oviedo, Florida
Grant Chapel African Methodist Episcopal Church, Oviedo, Florida
Jackson Heights Middle School, Oviedo, Florida
Antioch Missionary Baptist Church, Oviedo, Florida
First Baptist Church of Oviedo, Oviedo, Florida
First United Methodist Church of Oviedo, Oviedo, Florida
The historic marker for a site that was once believed to be the ruins of a Spanish mission dating back to the time of Christopher Columbus. In his book, titled Debunking the So-Called Spanish Mission Near New Smyrna Beach, Volusia County, Florida (1941), Captain Charles Henry Coe (1856-1954) demonstrates that the ruins were actually the Cruger and DePeyster Sugar Mill, which was located two miles west of New Smyrna, Florida. For many years, the old sugar mill was mistaken for the ruins of a Spanish mission with origins dating back to the time of Christopher Columbus. The steam sugar and saw mill was destroyed by Native Americans in 1845, just five years after it was erected. Also known as the New Smyrna Sugar Mill Ruins, the ruins are located at 600 Old Mission Road in New Smyrna Beach and were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1970. Capt. Coe requested that the marker be removed in 1941 and the State of Florida compiled, but little was known about the marker's whereabouts for rest of the century. A few decades after its removal, the marker was recovered and donated to the New Smyrna Museum of History.
Original color digital image: Private Collection of Andrew M. Foster.
New Smyrna Sugar Mill Ruins, New Smyrna Beach, Florida
Captain Charles Henry Coe (1856-1954) and his yacht, The Buccaneer II, in 1943. Coe was born in Torrington, Connecticut, on February 3, 1856, to William Henry Coe (1824-1879), who founded the town of Glencoe, and Deborah Little Archer Coe (1824-1912). In 1874, his family migrated to Jacksonville, Florida, due to his father's poor health. At age 18, Coe began working for the Jacksonville Tri-Weekly Union. In 1875, Coe moved to New Smyrna Beach and started his first newspaper, The Florida Star. Coe was appointed Deputy Collector of Customs for the port at New Smyrna in 1879, after his father died. In 1880, Coe moved to Glencoe and began producing photographs. Seven years later, the moved to back to Torrington, where the met and married Emma Sophia Johnson (1846-1931). The following year, Coe moved to Asheville, North Carolina, and then later to Highlands, where the established The Highlands Star. In 1889, the moved to Washington, D.C. to work for the Government Printing Office (GPO). Coe published Red Patriots: The Story of the Seminoles (1898), a book about the plight of the Seminole tribe. A copy of Red Patriots was given to every member of Congress, which later passed legislation allowing Seminole land rights in Florida. In 1912, Coe returned to Florida and spent the next 20 years traveling the coast in his cabin cruiser called The Buccaneer I. After retiring from the GPO in 1921, Coe spent much of his time exploring Florida's coast as an amateur archaeologist and publishing books, including Juggling a Rope (1927) and The Art of Knife Throwing (1931). He died of pneumonia on March 23, 1954.
Original black and white photograph, 1943: Private Collection of Andrew M. Foster.
The Buccaneer, a yacht owned by Captain Charles Henry Coe (1856-1954). The Navy-built 30-by-9 foot, 5-ton cabin cruiser included a 4-cycle Lathrop engine and was docked at the city dock in Palm Beach, Florida, at the time that the ad was run. Capt. Coe spent 20 years traveling the Florida coast in The Buccaneer, until he sold in 1942 and purchased a new book called The Buccaneer II. Coe was born in Torrington, Connecticut, on February 3, 1856, to William Henry Coe (1824-1879), who founded the town of Glencoe, and Deborah Little Archer Coe (1824-1912). In 1874, his family migrated to Jacksonville, Florida, due to his father's poor health. At age 18, Coe began working for the Jacksonville Tri-Weekly Union. In 1875, Coe moved to New Smyrna Beach and started his first newspaper, The Florida Star. Coe was appointed Deputy Collector of Customs for the port at New Smyrna in 1879, after his father died. In 1880, Coe moved to Glencoe and began producing photographs. Seven years later, the moved to back to Torrington, where the met and married Emma Sophia Johnson (1846-1931). The following year, Coe moved to Asheville, North Carolina, and then later to Highlands, where the established The Highlands Star. In 1889, the moved to Washington, D.C. to work for the Government Printing Office (GPO). Coe published Red Patriots: The Story of the Seminoles (1898), a book about the plight of the Seminole tribe. A copy of Red Patriots was given to every member of Congress, which later passed legislation allowing Seminole land rights in Florida. In 1912, Coe returned to Florida and spent the next 20 years traveling the coast in his cabin cruiser called The Buccaneer. After retiring from the GPO in 1921, Coe spent much of his time exploring Florida's coast as an amateur archaeologist and publishing books, including Juggling a Rope (1927) and The Art of Knife Throwing (1931). He died of pneumonia on March 23, 1954.
Original black and white photograph, 1942: Private Collection of Andrew M. Foster.
A newspaper article by Ruby Haskins Ellis, published in The Evening Star on March 21, 1935. The article chronicles the genealogy of the Coe surname, which likely dates back to John Coo I (b. 1340) in Essex, England. According to the article, Coo joined Sir John Hawkwood in his military campaigns in Italy. The Coe family of New England was established by Robert Coe (b.1596), eighth in descent from Coo. A clothmaker, Robert Coe joined the Puritans on the ship Francis during the Puritan emigration from England in 1634. First landing in Watertown, Massachusetts, Coe migrated to Wethersfield, Connecticut, the following year, and later to Long Island, New York, where he founded the town of Jamaica in 1658. Famous Coes in Florida include William Henry Coe (1824-1879), the founder of Glencoe, and his son, Captain Charles Henry Coe (1856-1954), author of Red Patriots: The Story of the Seminoles (1898).
Original newspaper article: Ellis, Ruby Haskins. "Who Are You?: The Romance of Your Name." The Evening Star, March 21, 1935: Private Collection of Andrew M. Foster.
Boxford, Suffolk, England, United Kingdom
Jamaica, Queens, New York City, New York
Letter from Herbert Hoover to Charles Henry Coe (November 15, 1928)
A letter of correspondence from Herbert Hoover (1874-1964) to Captain Charles Henry Coe (1856-1954), author of Red Patriots: The Story of the Seminoles (1898). In the letter, Hoover thanks Capt. Coe for his message of confidence and good wishes. Capt. Coe's message was likely regarding the Election of 1928, as it was sent the day after the election on November 7. Hoover ultimately did win the election, becoming President of the United States. Hoover served from 1929 until 1933, and is best known for his insufficient response to the Wall Street Crash of 1929 and the Great Depression.
Original letter from Herbert Hoover to Charles Henry Coe, November 15, 1928: Private Collection of Andrew M. Foster.
Stanford University, Stanford, California
An advertisement for the sale of The Buccaneer, a yacht owned by Captain Charles Henry Coe (1856-1954). The Navy-built 30-by-9 foot, 5-ton cabin cruiser included a 4-cycle Lathrop engine and was docked at the city dock in Melbourne, Florida, at the time that the ad was published. Capt. Coe spent 20 years traveling the Florida coast in The Buccaneer. This advertisement was first posted in 1932, but the yacht was not sold until 1942. Capt. Coe's next boat was called The Buccaneer II. Coe was born in Torrington, Connecticut, on February 3, 1856, to William Henry Coe (1824-1879), who founded the town of Glencoe, and Deborah Little Archer Coe (1824-1912). In 1874, his family migrated to Jacksonville, Florida, due to his father's poor health. At age 18, Coe began working for the Jacksonville Tri-Weekly Union. In 1875, Coe moved to New Smyrna Beach and started his first newspaper, The Florida Star. Coe was appointed Deputy Collector of Customs for the port at New Smyrna in 1879, after his father died. In 1880, Coe moved to Glencoe and began producing photographs. Seven years later, the moved to back to Torrington, where the met and married Emma Sophia Johnson (1846-1931). The following year, Coe moved to Asheville, North Carolina, and then later to Highlands, where the established The Highlands Star. In 1889, the moved to Washington, D.C. to work for the Government Printing Office (GPO). Coe published Red Patriots: The Story of the Seminoles (1898), a book about the plight of the Seminole tribe. A copy of Red Patriots was given to every member of Congress, which later passed legislation allowing Seminole land rights in Florida. In 1912, Coe returned to Florida and spent the next 20 years traveling the coast in his cabin cruiser called The Buccaneer. After retiring from the GPO in 1921, Coe spent much of his time exploring Florida's coast as an amateur archaeologist and publishing books, including Juggling a Rope (1927) and The Art of Knife Throwing (1931). He died of pneumonia on March 23, 1954.
Original advertisement: Private Collection of Andrew M. Foster.
A newspaper article by Captain Charles Henry Coe (1856-1954) regarding veterans in Florida Keys during the hurricane season. In the article, Capt. Coe argues that there is "no reasonable excuse for allowing the veterans to remain on low-lying keys in flimsily constructed shacks" during the hurricane season. Coe also criticizes the authorities in charge of the veterans' camps for not evacuating its residents by prearranged transportation.
Original newspaper article: Coe, Charles Henry. "The Playground of Hurricanes." The Palm Beach Post: Private Collection of Andrew M. Foster.
The Palm Beach Post
The historic marker for a site that was once believed to be the ruins of a Spanish mission dating back to the time of Christopher Columbus. In his book, titled Debunking the So-Called Spanish Mission Near New Smyrna Beach, Volusia County, Florida (1941), Captain Charles Henry Coe (1856-1954) demonstrates that the ruins were actually the Cruger and DePeyster Sugar Mill, which was located two miles west of New Smyrna, Florida. For many years, the old sugar mill was mistaken for the ruins of a Spanish mission with origins dating back to the time of Christopher Columbus. The steam sugar and saw mill was destroyed by Native Americans in 1845, just five years after it was erected. Also known as the New Smyrna Sugar Mill Ruins, the ruins are located at 600 Old Mission Road in New Smyrna Beach and were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1970. Capt. Coe requested that the marker be removed in 1941 and the State of Florida compiled, but little was known about the marker's whereabouts for rest of the century. A few decades after its removal, the marker was recovered and donated to the New Smyrna Museum of History. This particular photograph was taken sometime before the marker was removed.
Original black and white photographs: Private Collection of Andrew M. Foster.
Marjorie Harris Carr Cross Florida Greenway (Fla.
A newspaper article by Captain Charles Henry Coe (1856-1954) regarding the Cross Florida Barge Canal, also known as the Marjorie Harris Carr Cross Florida Greenway. In 1935, President Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882-1945) allocated $5 million to construct a canal that would link the Atlantic Ocean to the Gulf of Mexico. Construction was cancelled a year later due to strong opposition from some locals. In 1942, the canal project was reauthorized. In the article, which was published on April 12, 1942, Capt. Coe makes a number of arguments against the construction of a new canal. According to the author, there was already a waterway cutting across the state of Florida from the St. Lucie Inlet to Fort Myers. The project did not continue, as the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) never received the funds to begin construction. Attempts to complete the project again resurfaced in 1963 and construction recommenced the following year. However, the project was again halted in 1971 and the project was officially cancelled in 1991. In 1998, the canal was renamed the Marjorie Harris Carr Cross Florida Greenway, in honor of Marjorie Harris Carr (1915-1997), who was a leading opponent of the project.
Original newspaper article: Coe, Charles Henry. "Cross-Florida Waterway." The Palm Beach Post, April 12, 1942: Private Collection of Andrew M. Foster.
Marjorie Harris Carr Cross Florida Greenway, Florida
A brochure for the New Smyrna Sugar Mill Ruins, located at 600 Old Mission Road in New Smyrna Beach, Florida. For many years, the site, also known as the Cruger and DePeyster Sugar Mill, was mistaken for the ruins of a Spanish mission with origins dating back to the time of Christopher Columbus (ca. 1451-1506). This misconception led Captain Charles Henry Coe (1856-1954) to publish Debunking the So-Called Spanish Mission Near New Smyrna Beach, Volusia County, Florida in 1941. The steam sugar and saw mill was destroyed by Native Americans in 1845, just five years after it was erected. The ruins were added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 1970.
Original 6-fold brochure: Sugar Mill Ruins. 2012. New Smyrna, FL: New Smyrna Beach Area Visitors Bureau: Private Collection of Andrew M. Foster.
New Smyrna Beach Area Visitors Bureau
Debunking the So-Called Spanish Mission Near New Smyrna Beach, Volusia County, Florida
Debunking the So-Called Spanish Mission Near New Smyrna Beach, Volusia County, Florida by Captain Charles Henry Coe (1856-1954). The book challenges the misconception that a site located two miles west of New Smyrna was the ruins of a Spanish mission dating back to the time of Christopher Columbus. In the book, Captain Coe demonstrates that the ruins were of a steam sugar and saw mill that was destroyed by Native Americans in 1845, just five years after it was erected. Also known as the New Smyrna Sugar Mill Ruins, the ruins are located at 600 Old Mission Road in New Smyrna Beach and were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1970. Coe was born in Torrington, Connecticut, on February 3, 1856, to William Henry Coe (1824-1879), who founded the town of Glencoe, and Deborah Little Archer Coe (1824-1912). In 1874, his family migrated to Jacksonville, Florida, due to his father's poor health. At age 18, Coe began working for the Jacksonville Tri-Weekly Union. In 1875, Coe moved to New Smyrna Beach and started his first newspaper, The Florida Star. Coe was appointed Deputy Collector of Customs for the port at New Smyrna in 1879, after his father died. In 1880, Coe moved to Glencoe and began producing photographs. Seven years later, the moved to back to Torrington, where the met and married Emma Sophia Johnson (1846-1931). The following year, Coe moved to Asheville, North Carolina, and then later to Highlands, where the established The Highlands Star. In 1889, the moved to Washington, D.C. to work for the Government Printing Office (GPO). Coe published Red Patriots: The Story of the Seminoles (1898), a book about the plight of the Seminole tribe. A copy of Red Patriots was given to every member of Congress, which later passed legislation allowing Seminole land rights in Florida. In 1912, Coe returned to Florida and spent the next 20 years traveling the coast in his cabin cruiser called The Buccaneer. After retiring from the GPO in 1921, Coe spent much of his time exploring Florida's coast as an amateur archaeologist and publishing books, including Juggling a Rope (1927) and The Art of Knife Throwing (1931). He died of pneumonia on March 23, 1954.
Original book cover: Coe, Charles Henry. Debunking the so-Called Spanish Mission Near New Smyrna Beach, Volusia County, Florida. Daytona Beach, FL: Fitzgerald Publications, 1941: Private Collection of Andrew M. Foster.
A newspaper article about Dr. John Milton Hawks (1826-1910), the founder of Hawks Park (present-day Edgewater). The article was written by Captain Charles Henry Coe (1856-1954), author of Red Patriots: The Story of the Seminoles and a friend of Dr. Hawks. Dr. Hawks was born in Bradford, New Hampshire, on November 26, 1826. After teaching in New Hampshire, New York, and Georgia, Dr. Hawks eventually graduated from a medical college in Vermont. During the Civil War, Dr. Hawks and his wife, Dr. Esther Jane Hill Hawks (1833-1906), became involved in the abolition movement via the Freedman's Aid Society. Dr. Hawks was assigned to Hilton Head, South Carolina, where they assisted in forming an African-American regiment and served as its surgeon. Following the war, Dr. Hawks, along with several Army officers, organized the Florida Land and Lumber Company and purchased land in Port Orange, Florida, north of Spruce Creek, for the purpose of establishing a freedmen's colony. Dr. Hawks remained and served as the town's first postmaster. Many of the South Carolinians who migrated here eventually left due to the area's poor soil. The company also attempted to establish a steam sawmill in Port Orange, but the project was ultimately abandoned. In 1865, Dr. Hawks also bought a Spanish land grant for property two miles south of New Smyrna, which the would later retire to and name Hawks Park. From 1866 to 1867, Dr. Hawks served as the Collector of Customs at Pensacola. In 1871, Governor Harrison Reed appointed Dr. Hawks the Superintendent of Schools for Volusia County. During that same year, Dr. Hawks compiled and published the Florida Gazetteer.Dr. Hawks died on April 2, 1910.
Original newspaper article: "The Late Dr. John Milton Hawks." The Daytona Beach Observer, August 30, 1941: Private Collection of Andrew M. Foster.
Letter from Dr. John Milton Hawks to Charles Henry Coe (April 3, 1909)
A letter of correspondence from Dr. John Milton Hawks (1826-1910), the founder of Hawks Park (present-day Edgewater), to Captain Charles Henry Coe (1856-1954), author of Red Patriots: The Story of the Seminoles. In the letter, Dr. Hawks discusses the Cruger and DePeyster Sugar Mill, which was located two miles west of New Smyrna, Florida. For many years, the old sugar mill was mistaken for the ruins of a Spanish mission with origins dating back to the time of Christopher Columbus. This misconception led Captain Coe to publish Debunking the So-Called Spanish Mission Near New Smyrna Beach, Volusia County, Florida in 1941. The steam sugar and saw mill was destroyed by Native Americans in 1845, just five years after it was erected. Also known as the New Smyrna Sugar Mill Ruins, the ruins are located at 600 Old Mission Road in New Smyrna Beach and were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1970.
Original letter from Dr. John Milton Hawks to Charles Henry Coe, April 3, 1909: Private Collection of Andrew M. Foster.
An article published in The Generation Gap, Westinghouse Electric Corporation's newsletter, regarding the relocation of the company's Steam Turbine-Generator Division (STGD) from Lester and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania to Orlando, Florida, starting in 1982. A new headquarters building was being constructed at The Quadrangle, at the corner of Alafaya Trail and University Boulevard. Temporary office space was located in a renovated shopping center on East Colonial Drive. Shown in photographs on the second page are executives uncovering the cornerstone of the new building (dated February of 1982), but the building was not ready to have it installed as yet. Originally called the Westinghouse Electric Company, George Westinghouse (1846-1914) founded his manufacturing company in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on January 8, 1886. In 1889, he renamed his business the The Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company. Westinghouse's primary products include turbines, generators, motors and switchgear related to the generation, transmission, and use of electricity. The company changed its name to Westinghouse Electric Corporation in 1945. The company relocated its Steam Turbine Generator Divisions from Pennsylvania (turbines from Lester and generators from Pittsburgh) to Orlando, Florida, beginning in 1981. The Power Generation Business Unit (PGBU) building was located in The Quadrangle, at 4400 Alafaya Trail. Originally, Westinghouse had purchased a large plot of land for future development that extended westward from Alafaya Trail to Rouse Road. The original headquarters was located on several acres of that land parcel close to Alafaya Trail. As the PGBU grew in size, other buildings were rented and then, after PGBU was sold to Siemens Corporation, additional buildings were added to the complex. In 1994, after a major management shuffling and commitment to change from an industrial manufacturing company to primarily a broadcasting/communications company, Westinghouse bought CBS network. It then changed its name to the CBS Corporation.
Westinghouse Communications Department (for Power Generation Marketing Dept.)
Original 4-page article: The Generation Gap, Spring 1982: Private Collection of Harry Jaeger.
Westinghouse Power Generation Business Unit, Orlando, Florida
In April of 1987, the Combustion Turbine Systems Division of Westinghouse Electric Corporation was relocated from its prior headquarters in Concordville, Pennsylvania to the World Headquarters of Westinghouse Power Generation located at The Quadrangle, on Alafaya Trail, across from the University of Central in Orlando, Florida. This advertisement was prepared shortly after the move. Originally called the Westinghouse Electric Company, George Westinghouse (1846-1914) founded his manufacturing company in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on January 8, 1886. In 1889, he renamed his business The Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company. Westinghouse's primary products include turbines, generators, motors and switchgear related to the generation, transmission, and use of electricity. The company changed its name to Westinghouse Electric Corporation in 1945. In 1981, the company began to relocate its division headquarters for the Steam-Turbine Generator Divisions from Pennsylvania (turbines from Lester and generators from Pittsburgh) to Orlando, Florida. The Power Generation Business Unit (PGBU) building was located in The Quadrangle, at 4400 Alafaya Trail. Originally, Westinghouse had purchased a large plot of land for future development that extended westward from Alafaya Trail to Rouse Road. The original headquarters was located on several acres of that land parcel close to Alafaya Trail. In 1994, after a major corporate management shuffling, and a top-level decision to change from an industrial manufacturing company to primarily a broadcasting/communications company, Westinghouse bought the CBS Network and changed its name to the CBS Corporation. As the PGBU grew in size, other buildings in the area were leased and then, after PGBU was sold to Siemens Corporation of Germany in 1998, additional buildings (Quad II and Quad III) were added to the original complex at the Quadrangle. From 1998 to 2003 the Orlando operation was known as Siemens-Westinghouse, after which the name of Westinghouse was dropped. The operation has been known as Siemens from that time forward.
A commemorative booklet published in 1993 or 1994 by Westinghouse's Power Generation Business Unit (PGBU) in Orlando, Florida, to celebrate 100 years of "Westinghouse Power Generation." The booklet tells the history from the founding of the business by George Westinghouse (1846-1914) and its continuing progress through 100 years of service to the electric utility industry and other industrial customers worldwide. The booklet also describes the products and services, technology and manufacturing capabilities of the Power Generation Business Unit of the early 1990s. Originally called the Westinghouse Electric Company, George Westinghouse founded his manufacturing company in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on January 8, 1886. In 1889, he renamed his business the The Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company. Westinghouse's primary products include turbines, generators, motors and switchgear related to the generation, transmission, and use of electricity. The company changed its name to Westinghouse Electric Corporation in 1945. In 1981, the company began to relocate its divison headquarters for the Steam-Turbine Generator Divisions from Pennsylvania (turbines from Lester and generators from Pittsburgh) to Orlando, Florida. The Power Generation Business Unit (PGBU) building was located in The Quadrangle, at 4400 Alafaya Trail. Originally, Westinghouse had purchased a large plot of land for future development that extended westward from Alafaya Trail to Rouse Road. The original headquarters was located on several acres of that land parcel close to Alafaya Trail. In 1994, after a major corporate management shuffling, and a top-level decision to change from an industrial manufacturing company to primarily a broadcasting/communications company, Westinghouse bought the CBS Network and changed its name to the CBS Corporation. As the PGBU grew in size, other buildings in the area were leased and then, after PGBU was sold to Siemens Corporation of Germany in 1998, additional buildings (Quad II and Quad III) were added to the original complex at the Quadrangle. From 1998 to 2003 the Orlando operation was known as Siemens-Westinghouse, after which the name of Westinghouse was dropped. The operation has been known as Siemens from that time forward.
Westinghouse Electric Company, Turtle Creek, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Westinghouse Electric Corporation Model W21 Industrial Gas Turbine
The first Westinghouse industrial gas turbine installation. It was installed by Mississippi River Fuel Corporation at Wilmar, Arkansas, and started operation in March of 1949. The turbine was used for a mechanical drive application (possibly a fuel-gas compressor) and rated at approximately 1800 hp (1340 kW). The turbine had dual-fuel capability, meaning that it could burn with distillate oil or natural gas. The unit ran in continuous service for many years before being retired later in the 20th century. There were also four other W21 units installed during the 1950s. Originally called the Westinghouse Electric Company, George Westinghouse (1846-1914) founded his manufacturing company in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on January 8, 1886. In 1889, he renamed his business the The Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company. Westinghouse's primary products include turbines, generators, motors and switchgear related to the generation, transmission, and use of electricity. The company changed its name to Westinghouse Electric Corporation in 1945. The company relocated its Steam Turbine Generator Divisions from Pennsylvania (turbines from Lester and generators from Pittsburgh) to Orlando, Florida, beginning in 1981. The Power Generation Business Unit (PGBU) building was located in The Quadrangle, at 4400 Alafaya Trail. Originally, Westinghouse had purchased a large plot of land for future development that extended westward from Alafaya Trail to Rouse Road. The original headquarters was located on several acres of that land parcel close to Alafaya Trail. As the PGBU grew in size, other buildings were rented and then, after PGBU was sold to Siemens Corporation, additional buildings were added to the complex. In 1994, after a major management shuffling and commitment to change from an industrial manufacturing company to primarily a broadcasting/communications company, Westinghouse bought CBS network. It then changed its name to the CBS Corporation.
Westinghouse Electric Corporation Power Generation Business Unit
Westinghouse Electric Corporation's Power Generation Business Unit (PGBU) in Lester, Pennsylvania. The plant seen in this aerial photograph first opened operations around 1890. It included a foundry and forging shop, a steam turbine blade shop, a turbine diaphragm shop, several heavy and light machine shops, a steam turbine assembly (or erecting) shop, a gas turbine manufacturing shop, rotating test facility and development laboratory, various other laboratories, an on-site power house, sewage disposal system and fire department, the offices and manufacturing facilities of the Heat Transfer Division, as well as the office facilities housing the Steam Turbine and Gas Turbine Divisions. During the late 1960s and early 1970s, some of the steam turbine manufacturing facilities located at the Lester plant were closed and replaced with new plants built in Charlotte and Winston-Salem, North Carolina. Over the period of 1980 to 1983, non-manufacturing personnel of the Steam Turbine Division were relocated to new headquarters in Orlando, Florida. In 1985 all gas turbine manufacturing was transferred to Westinghouse Canada, in Hamilton, Ontario, and also contracted out to Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI) of Japan. The Lester plant was closed in 1986, almost 100 years after it started operation. During World War II, the Lester plant was converted to supplying heavy military equipment for the war effort. It is believed that the peak employment level at the site was on the order of 15,000. Originally called the Westinghouse Electric Company, George Westinghouse (1846-1914) founded his manufacturing company in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on January 8, 1886. In 1889, he renamed his business The Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company. Westinghouse's primary products include turbines, generators, motors and switchgear related to the generation, transmission, and use of electricity. The company changed its name to Westinghouse Electric Corporation in 1945. In 1981, the company began to relocate its division headquarters for the Steam-Turbine Generator Divisions from Pennsylvania (turbines from Lester and generators from Pittsburgh) to Orlando, Florida. The Power Generation Business Unit (PGBU) building was located in The Quadrangle, at 4400 Alafaya Trail. Originally, Westinghouse had purchased a large plot of land for future development that extended westward from Alafaya Trail to Rouse Road. The original headquarters was located on several acres of that land parcel close to Alafaya Trail. In 1994, after a major corporate management shuffling, and a top-level decision to change from an industrial manufacturing company to primarily a broadcasting/communications company, Westinghouse bought the CBS Network and changed its name to the CBS Corporation. As the PGBU grew in size, other buildings in the area were leased and then, after PGBU was sold to Siemens Corporation of Germany in 1998, additional buildings (Quad II and Quad III) were added to the original complex at the Quadrangle. From 1998 to 2003 the Orlando operation was known as Siemens-Westinghouse, after which the name of Westinghouse was dropped. The operation has been known as Siemens from that time forward.
Westinghouse Electric Corporation Power Generation Business Headquarters, Lester, Pennsylvania
The Edgewater-New Smyrna Cemetery, also known as Hawks Park Cemetery, located at 700 South Ridgewood Avenue in Edgewater, Florida. Originally named Hawks Park Cemetery, the graveyard was established in 1890 and is located near the historic downtown district of New Smyrna. Hawks Park was a community founded by Dr. John M. Hawks, the author of The East Coast of Florida (1887), around 1872. The name was changed to Edgewater on October 24, 1924, by an act of the Florida Legislature. William Henry Coe (1824-1879), the founder of Glencoe, and his son, Captain Charles Henry Coe (1856-1954), founder of The Florida Star and author of Red Patriots: The Story of the Seminoles (1898), are buried in this cemetery.
Original color digital image by Robert Redd, 2015: Private Collection of Andrew M. Foster.
Edgewater-New Smyrna Cemetery, Edgewater, Florida
Letter from Thomas F. House to William Henry Coe (September 2, 1878)
A letter of correspondence from Thomas F. House to William Henry Coe (1824-1879), the founder of Glencoe, Florida, dated September 2, 1878. In the letter, House, who is the Collector of Customs for the District of St. Augustine, informs Coe that in the event that the current Deputy Collector of Customs accepts an appointment to another position, the will consider Coe's application as a replacement. On April 10, 1879, Coe was officially appointed the position. the was responsible for collecting import duties on foreign goods that entered the United States through the port at New Smyrna until his death on October 23. Shortly thereafter, his son, Captain Charles Henry Coe, was appointed to the position. Due to poor health, Coe moved with his wife and children from Connecticut to Jacksonville in 1874 and established an orange grove the following year four miles west of New Smyrna, an area that would later become Glencoe. In 1877, Coe became an editor for The Florida Star, a newspaper founded by his son, Captain Charles Henry Coe (1856-1954). In April of 1879, Coe was appointed Deputy Collector of Customs for the port at New Smyrna. Just a few months later, on October 23, Coe died of silicosis, likely a result of his work as a copper miner in Illinois during the 1840s. Coe is buried in at Hawks Park Cemetery in Edgewater.
Original letter from Thomas F. House to William Henry Coe, September 2, 1878: Private Collection of Andrew M. Foster.
Collector's Office, Custom House, St. Augustine, Florida
Certificate of Appointment for William H. Coe
A certificate of appointment for William Henry Coe (1824-1879), the founder of Glencoe, Florida. The certificate was issued by Collector of Customs Thomas F. House and confirmed by the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury on April 10, 1879. Coe was appointed as Deputy Collector of Customs for the District of St. Augustine. the was responsible for collecting import duties on foreign goods that entered the United States through the port at New Smyrna until his death on October 23. Shortly thereafter, his son, Captain Charles Henry Coe, was appointed to the position. Due to poor health, Coe moved with his wife and children from Connecticut to Jacksonville in 1874 and established an orange grove the following year four miles west of New Smyrna, an area that would later become Glencoe. In 1877, Coe became an editor for The Florida Star, a newspaper founded by his son, Captain Charles Henry Coe (1856-1954). In April of 1879, Coe was appointed Deputy Collector of Customs for the port at New Smyrna. Just a few months later, on October 23, Coe died of silicosis, likely a result of his work as a copper miner in Illinois during the 1840s. Coe is buried in at Hawks Park Cemetery in Edgewater.
Original certificate of appointment, April 10, 1879: Private Collection of Andrew M. Foster.
An newspaper article published in The Palm Beach Post announcing the graveside services for Captain Charles Henry Coe (1856-1954). Coe was born in Torrington, Connecticut, on February 3, 1856, to William Henry Coe (1824-1879), who founded the town of Glencoe, and Deborah Little Archer Coe (1824-1912). In 1874, his family migrated to Jacksonville, Florida, due to his father's poor health. At age 18, Coe began working for the Jacksonville Tri-Weekly Union. In 1875, Coe moved to New Smyrna Beach and started his first newspaper, The Florida Star. Coe was appointed Deputy Collector of Customs for the port at New Smyrna in 1879, after his father died. In 1880, Coe moved to Glencoe and began producing photographs. Seven years later, the moved to back to Torrington, where the met and married Emma Sophia Johnson (1846-1931). The following year, Coe moved to Asheville, North Carolina, and then later to Highlands, where the established The Highlands Star. In 1889, the moved to Washington, D.C. to work for the Government Printing Office (GPO). Coe published Red Patriots: The Story of the Seminoles (1898), a book about the plight of the Seminole tribe. A copy of Red Patriots was given to every member of Congress, which later passed legislation allowing Seminole land rights in Florida. In 1912, Coe returned to Florida and spent the next 20 years traveling the coast in his cabin cruiser called The Buccaneer. After retiring from the GPO in 1921, Coe spent much of his time exploring Florida's coast as an amateur archaeologist and publishing books, including Juggling a Rope (1927), The Art of Knife Throwing (1931), and Debunking the So-Called Spanish Mission (1941). He died of pneumonia on March 23, 1954.
Original newspaper article: "Capt. Chas. Coe Rites Set Today." The Palm Beach Post, March 26, 1954: Private Collection of Andrew M. Foster.
Woodlawn Cemetery, West Palm Beach, Florida
Red Patriots: The Story of the Seminoles
An advertisement for Red Patriots: The Story of the Seminoles, a book by Captain Charles Henry Coe (1856-1954). Coe was born in Torrington, Connecticut, on February 3, 1856, to William Henry Coe (1824-1879), who founded the town of Glencoe, and Deborah Little Archer Coe (1824-1912). In 1874, his family migrated to Jacksonville, Florida, due to his father's poor health. At age 18, Coe began working for the Jacksonville Tri-Weekly Union. In 1875, Coe moved to New Smyrna Beach and started his first newspaper, The Florida Star. Coe was appointed Deputy Collector of Customs for the port at New Smyrna in 1879, after his father died. In 1880, Coe moved to Glencoe and began producing photographs. Seven years later, the moved to back to Torrington, where the met and married Emma Sophia Johnson (1846-1931). The following year, Coe moved to Asheville, North Carolina, and then later to Highlands, where the established The Highlands Star. In 1889, the moved to Washington, D.C. to work for the Government Printing Office (GPO). Coe published Red Patriots: The Story of the Seminoles (1898), a book about the plight of the Seminole tribe. A copy of Red Patriots was given to every member of Congress, which later passed legislation allowing Seminole land rights in Florida. In 1912, Coe returned to Florida and spent the next 20 years traveling the coast in his cabin cruiser called The Buccaneer. After retiring from the GPO in 1921, Coe spent much of his time exploring Florida's coast as an amateur archaeologist and publishing books, including Juggling a Rope (1927), The Art of Knife Throwing (1931), and Debunking the So-Called Spanish Mission (1941). He died of pneumonia on March 23, 1954.
Headstone of William Henry Coe at the Edgewater-New Smyrna Cemetery
The headstone for William Henry Coe (1824-1879), the founder of Glencoe, at the Edgewater-New Smyrna Cemetery, also known as Hawks Park Cemetery, located at 700 South Ridgewood Avenue in Edgewater, Florida. Due to poor health, Coe moved with his wife and children from Connecticut to Jacksonville in 1874 and established an orange grove the following year four miles west of New Smyrna, an area that would later become Glencoe. In 1877, Coe became an editor for The Florida Star, a newspaper founded by his son, Captain Charles Henry Coe (1856-1954). In April of 1879, Coe was appointed Deputy Collector of Customs for the port at New Smyrna. Just a few months later, on October 23, Coe died of silicosis, likely a result of his work as a copper miner in Illinois during the 1840s. The headstone in this photograph was a replacement for the original, which had been lost over 120 years prior.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
Apollo 11 was the first space mission where humans set foot on another celestial body, the Moon. Launched from Launch Pad 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida, on July 16, 1969, the Apollo 11 fired the third stage engines two and half hours after launch to leave Earth's gravitational pull. The mission was highlighted by the first lunar landing by human beings and Mission Commander Neil Armstrong's (1930-2012) descent from the Lunar Module (LM) to place his foot on the surface of the Moon. He and Lunar Module Pilot Buzz Aldrin (1930-) spent less than 22 hours on the Moon, including two and half hours outside Eagle, their Lunar Module. The crew, which also included Command Module Pilot Michael Collins (1930-), returned to Earth on July 24, 1969.
Original color photographic prints, July 16, 1969: Leonard Pugh Collection.
Chronopoints
John F. Kennedy Space Center, Merritt Island, Florida
Space Shuttle Discovery Launch for STS-103
The Space Shuttle Discovery launched on mission STS-103 from Pad 39B at John F. Kennedy Space Center, to service the Hubble Space Telescope. The nighttime is a spectacular backdrop to the beginning of the mission. The Space Shuttle was meant as a reusable alternative to the traditional ballistic rockets used to launch manned spacecraft in the 1960s and 1970s. From 1981 to 2011, when the fleet was retired, five shuttles were flown over 130 times. It was the first space launch system that was mostly reusable, as the shuttles themselves and the solid rocket boosters were reused multiple times. Space shuttles were launched from Launch Complex 39A (LC-39A) and Launch Complex 39B (LC-39B) at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida.
Original color photographic prints, December 19, 1999: Leonard Pugh Collection.
Space Shuttle Discovery Launch for STS-95
The Space Shuttle Discovery launching for STS-95 mission from Launch Pad 39B at John F. Kennedy Space Center, in Merritt Island, Florida, with research payloads. The Space Shuttle was meant as a reusable alternative to the traditional ballistic rockets used to launch manned spacecraft in the 1960s and 1970s. From 1981 to 2011, when the fleet was retired, five shuttles were flown over 130 times. It was the first space launch system that was mostly reusable, as the shuttles themselves and the solid rocket boosters were reused multiple times. Space shuttles were launched from Launch Complex 39A (LC-39A) and Launch Complex 39B (LC-39B) at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida.
Original color photographic print, October 29, 1998: Leonard Pugh Collection.
The Moon seen through the edge of Earth's atmosphere from a Space Shuttle in Low Earth Orbit (LEO). The Space Shuttle was meant as a reusable alternative to the traditional ballistic rockets used to launch manned spacecraft in the 1960s and 1970s. From 1981 to 2011, when the fleet was retired, five shuttles were flown over 130 times. It was the first space launch system that was mostly reusable, as the shuttles themselves and the solid rocket boosters were reused multiple times. Space shuttles were launched from Launch Complex 39A (LC-39A) and Launch Complex 39B (LC-39B) at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida.
Original color photographic print: Leonard Pugh Collection.
Solid Rocket Motor, Qualification Motor-6 Static Test
As a result of the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster, primary contractor Morton Thiokol redesigned the solid rocket boosters for the shuttle. This photograph features a static test of the redesigned rocket booster for flight qualification and was conducted at the manufacturer facility in Utah. The Space Shuttle was meant as a reusable alternative to the traditional ballistic rockets used to launch manned spacecraft in the 1960s and 1970s. From 1981 to 2011, when the fleet was retired, five shuttles were flown over 130 times. It was the first space launch system that was mostly reusable, as the shuttles themselves and the solid rocket boosters were reused multiple times. Space shuttles were launched from Launch Complex 39A (LC-39A) and Launch Complex 39B (LC-39B) at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida.
Original color photographic print, April 20, 1988: Leonard Pugh Collection.
Space Shuttle Columbia Lifts Off Into Space
The Space Shuttle Columbia launching from Launch Complex 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida. The Space Shuttle was meant as a reusable alternative to the traditional ballistic rockets used to launch manned spacecraft in the 1960s and 1970s. From 1981 to 2011, when the fleet was retired, five shuttles were flown over 130 times. It was the first space launch system that was mostly reusable, as the shuttles themselves and the solid rocket boosters were reused multiple times. Space shuttles were launched from Launch Complex 39A (LC-39A) and Launch Complex 39B (LC-39B) at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida.
Landing of STS-56 Space Shuttle Discovery
The Space Shuttle Discovery landing at the Shuttle Landing Facility at John F. Kennedy Space Center in Merritt Island, Florida, on mission STS-56. The Space Shuttle was meant as a reusable alternative to the traditional ballistic rockets used to launch manned spacecraft in the 1960s and 1970s. From 1981 to 2011, when the fleet was retired, five shuttles were flown over 130 times. It was the first space launch system that was mostly reusable, as the shuttles themselves and the solid rocket boosters were reused multiple times. Space shuttles were launched from Launch Complex 39A (LC-39A) and Launch Complex 39B (LC-39B) at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida.
Original color photographic print, April 17, 1993: Leonard Pugh Collection.
Space Shuttle Discovery Launch for STS-26
For the STS-26 mission, the Space Shuttle Discovery launched from Launch Pad 39B at John F. Kennedy Space Center in Merritt Island, Florida, with the main objective to deploy the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS-C). The Space Shuttle was meant as a reusable alternative to the traditional ballistic rockets used to launch manned spacecraft in the 1960s and 1970s. From 1981 to 2011, when the fleet was retired, five shuttles were flown over 130 times. It was the first space launch system that was mostly reusable, as the shuttles themselves and the solid rocket boosters were reused multiple times. Space shuttles were launched from Launch Complex 39A (LC-39A) and Launch Complex 39B (LC-39B) at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida.
Original color photographic print, September 29, 1988: Leonard Pugh Collection.
Space Shuttle Atlantis Returning to Earth After Its First Mission
The Space Shuttle Atlantis touching down at Edwards Air Force Base (AFB) in California after its initial mission. The Space Shuttle was meant as a reusable alternative to the traditional ballistic rockets used to launch manned spacecraft in the 1960s and 1970s. From 1981 to 2011, when the fleet was retired, five shuttles were flown over 130 times. It was the first space launch system that was mostly reusable, as the shuttles themselves and the solid rocket boosters were reused multiple times. Space shuttles were launched from Launch Complex 39A (LC-39A) and Launch Complex 39B (LC-39B) at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida.
Original color photographic print, October 7, 1985: Leonard Pugh Collection.
The launch of Space Shuttle Columbia from Launch Pad 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center on mission STS-9 on November 28, 1983. Also known as STS-41A and Spacelab 1, STS-9 was the first flight carrying the European Space Agency's (ESA) Spacelab. The Space Shuttle was meant as a reusable alternative to the traditional ballistic rockets used to launch manned spacecraft in the 1960s and 1970s. From 1981 to 2011, when the fleet was retired, five shuttles were flown over 130 times. It was the first space launch system that was mostly reusable, as the shuttles themselves and the solid rocket boosters were reused multiple times. Space shuttles were launched from Launch Complex 39A (LC-39A) and Launch Complex 39B (LC-39B) at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida.
Original color photographic print, November 28, 1983: Leonard Pugh Collection.
Space Shuttle Discovery on Launch Pad 39A
On the evening prior to its maiden flight (STS-41D) on August 30, 1984, Space Shuttle Discovery on Launch Pad 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida. The Space Shuttle was meant as a reusable alternative to the traditional ballistic rockets used to launch manned spacecraft in the 1960s and 1970s. From 1981 to 2011, when the fleet was retired, five shuttles were flown over 130 times. It was the first space launch system that was mostly reusable, as the shuttles themselves and the solid rocket boosters were reused multiple times. Space shuttles were launched from Launch Complex 39A (LC-39A) and Launch Complex 39B (LC-39B) at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida.
Original color photographic print, August 29, 1984: Leonard Pugh Collection.
Space Shuttle Enterprise on Launch Pad 39A
The Shuttle Enterprise being taken via crawler-transporter to John F. Kennedy Space Center's Launch Pad 39A for a facilities verification test. Enterprise was not used for space flight, but rather for a series of landing tests after being flown to altitude on the back of a Boeing 747 jet. The Space Shuttle was meant as a reusable alternative to the traditional ballistic rockets used to launch manned spacecraft in the 1960s and 1970s. From 1981 to 2011, when the fleet was retired, five shuttles were flown over 130 times. It was the first space launch system that was mostly reusable, as the shuttles themselves and the solid rocket boosters were reused multiple times. Space shuttles were launched from Launch Complex 39A (LC-39A) and Launch Complex 39B (LC-39B) at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida.
Original color photographic print, May 1, 1979: Leonard Pugh Collection.
Space Shuttle Enterprise Landing at Dryden Flight Research Center
The Space Shuttle Enterprise landing at Dryden Flight Research Center (present-day Armstrong Flight Research Center) at Palmdale, California. Enterprise was not used for space flight, but rather for a series of landing tests after being flown to altitude on the back of a Boeing 747 jet. The Space Shuttle was meant as a reusable alternative to the traditional ballistic rockets used to launch manned spacecraft in the 1960s and 1970s. From 1981 to 2011, when the fleet was retired, five shuttles were flown over 130 times. It was the first space launch system that was mostly reusable, as the shuttles themselves and the solid rocket boosters were reused multiple times. Space shuttles were launched from Launch Complex 39A (LC-39A) and Launch Complex 39B (LC-39B) at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida.
Original color photographic print, August 12, 1977: Leonard Pugh Collection.
Dryden Flight Research Center, Palmdale, California
Crew 1 and Crew 2 with Space Shuttle Enterprise
The first two crews for the Space Shuttle Enterprise during the Approach and Landing Tests. Photographed, from left to right, are Crew 1 Pilot C. Gordon Fullerton (1946-2013), Crew 1 Mission Commander Fred Haise (1933-), Crew 2 Mission Commander Joe Engle (1932-), and Crew 2 Pilot Richard H. Truly (1937-). Rockwell International built the Space Shuttle Fleet in Palmdale, California. Enterprise was not used for space flight, but rather for a series of landing tests after being flown to altitude on the back of a Boeing 747 jet. The Space Shuttle was meant as a reusable alternative to the traditional ballistic rockets used to launch manned spacecraft in the 1960s and 1970s. From 1981 to 2011, when the fleet was retired, five shuttles were flown over 130 times. It was the first space launch system that was mostly reusable, as the shuttles themselves and the solid rocket boosters were reused multiple times. Space shuttles were launched from Launch Complex 39A (LC-39A) and Launch Complex 39B (LC-39B) at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida.
Boeing 747 Transporting the Space Shuttle Columbia
The Space Shuttle Columbia, the first operational Space Shuttle, landing at the Shuttle Landing Facility of John F. Kennedy Space Center in Merritt Island, Florida, atop a Boeing 747 transport airplane. The Space Shuttle was meant as a reusable alternative to the traditional ballistic rockets used to launch manned spacecraft in the 1960s and 1970s. From 1981 to 2011, when the fleet was retired, five shuttles were flown over 130 times. It was the first space launch system that was mostly reusable, as the shuttles themselves and the solid rocket boosters were reused multiple times. Space shuttles were launched from Launch Complex 39A (LC-39A) and Launch Complex 39B (LC-39B) at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida. Columbia launched for the first time on April 12, 1981, and completed 27 missions before disintegrating during re-entry at the end of STS-107, its 28th mission, on February 1, 2003. Known as the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster, the accident resulted in the death of all seven crew members: Mission Commander Rick Husband (1957-2003), Pilot William C. McCool (1961-2003), and Mission Specialists David M. Brown (1956-2003), Kalpana Chawla (1962-2003), Michael P. Anderson (1959-2003), Laurel Clark (1961-2003), and Ilan Ramon (1954-2003).
Original color photographic prints: Leonard Pugh Collection.
The Space Shuttle was meant as a reusable alternative to the traditional ballistic rockets used to launch manned spacecraft in the 1960s and 1970s. From 1981 to 2011, when the fleet was retired, five shuttles were flown over 130 times. It was the first space launch system that was mostly reusable, as the shuttles themselves and the solid rocket boosters were reused multiple times. Space shuttles were launched from Launch Complex 39A (LC-39A) and Launch Complex 39B (LC-39B) at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida.
Astronaut Neil Armstrong in Mobile Quarantine Facility
Mission Commander Neil Armstrong (1930-2012) playing the ukulele in the Mobile Quarantine Facility aboard the USS Hornet after the astronaut's recovery in the Pacific Ocean. Apollo 11 was the first space mission where humans set foot on another celestial body, the Moon. Launched from Launch Pad 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida, on July 16, 1969, the Apollo 11 fired the third stage engines two and half hours after launch to leave Earth's gravitational pull. The mission was highlighted by the first lunar landing by human beings and Armstrong's descent from the Lunar Module (LM) to place his foot on the surface of the Moon. He and Lunar Module Pilot Buzz Aldrin (1930-) spent less than 22 hours on the Moon, including two and half hours outside Eagle, their Lunar Module. The crew, which also included Command Module Pilot Michael Collins (1930-), returned to Earth on July 24, 1969.
Original color photographic print, July 24, 1969: Space Walk of Fame Collection.
A map of Florida in French from 1780, when the territory was under British rule. In 1763, Spain traded Florida in exchange for Havana, Cuba, which had been captured by the British during the Seven Years' War. Many Spanish settlers and indigenous people left Florida for Cuba. The British divided the territory into East Florida and West Florida, which consisted of most of the Florida Panhandle and parts of present-day Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama. During this period, a large number of British settlers migrated to Florida, particularly present-day Duval County, Baker County, St. Johns County, and Nassau County. One key settler was a Scotchman named Dr. Andrew Turnbull (1718–1792), who established a settlement at New Smyrna. During the American Revolution, the majority of Floridians expressed loyalty to the British Crown and the colony declined to send delegates to the Continental Congress. When the Treaty of Paris was signed in 1783, the Florida territory was returned to Spanish control.
Original map, 1780: Leonard Pugh Collection.
A map of Florida created by J. Lee Williams when the area was a U.S. territory in 1837. Florida came under American control on March 30, 1822, with Tallahassee as its capital. Much of Florida's territorial history is marked by conflict with Seminole tribes. When the United States first gained the territory, many Seminoles and free blacks migrated to Central Florida, South Florida, Cuba, or the Bahamas. In 1832, the federal government and a number of Seminole chiefs signed the Treaty of Payne's Landing. The terms of the agreement promised the Seminoles land west of the Mississippi River if they agreed to leave the Florida Territory voluntarily. The U.S. Army began enforcing the treaty in 1835, leading to the Dade Massacre and the Second Seminole War, led primarily by Osceola (born Billy Powell). The war ended in 1842 with the forced exile of most Seminoles. Florida became a state three years later in 1845.
Original map by J. Lee Williams, 1837: Leonard Pugh Collection.
Backup Apollo 13 Mission Commander John Young (1930-) practices scooping soil samples at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida. Apollo 13 was crewed by Mission Commander Jim Lovell (1928-) , Lunar Module Pilot Fred Haise (1933-), and Command Module Pilot Jack Swigert (1931-1982). Apollo 13 was termed a "successful failure," because the crew survived even though they did not accomplish its original objective of landing on the moon. Apollo 13 launched on April 11, 1970, but an oxygen tank in the Service Module had exploded around 56 hours into the mission, as a result of a series of mismatched modifications and unfortunate testing, causing the mission and the astronauts being put in jeopardy. The Moon landing did not happen, but the astronauts landed safely in the Pacific Ocean on April 17. While Young did not serve on the Apollo 13 mission, he did fly on Gemini 3 as Pilot, Gemini 10 as Command Pilot, Apollo 10 as Command Module Pilot, and Apollo 16, Space Transportation System-1 (STS-1), and STS-9 (Spacelab 1) as Mission Commander.
Original black and white photographic print, February 19, 1970: Larry Summers Collection.
What was supposed to be the crew of Apollo 13 consisting of Command Module Pilot Ken Mattingly (1936-), Lunar Module Pilot Fred Haise (1933-), and Mission Commander Jim Lovell (1928-) in front of the Saturn V after it was moved to Launch Pad 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida. Mattingly was replaced on the mission by Command Module Pilot Jack Swigert (1831-1982) after he was exposed to German measles. Apollo 13 was termed a "successful failure," because the crew survived even though they did not accomplish its original objective of landing on the moon. Apollo 13 launched on April 11, 1970, but an oxygen tank in the Service Module had exploded around 56 hours into the mission, as a result of a series of mismatched modifications and unfortunate testing, causing the mission and the astronauts being put in jeopardy. The Moon landing did not happen, but the astronauts landed safely in the Pacific Ocean on April 17.
Original black and white photographic print, December 15, 1969: Larry Summers Collection.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) personnel in the firing room of the Launch Control Center (LCC) at John F. Kennedy Space Center In Merritt Island, Florida, preparing to test launch procedures for the Apollo 13 mission, which was crewed by Mission Commander Jim Lovell (1928-) , Lunar Module Pilot Fred Haise (1933-), and Command Module Pilot Jack Swigert (1931-1982). Apollo 13 was termed a "successful failure," because the crew survived even though they did not accomplish its original objective of landing on the moon. Apollo 13 launched on April 11, 1970, but an oxygen tank in the Service Module had exploded around 56 hours into the mission, as a result of a series of mismatched modifications and unfortunate testing, causing the mission and the astronauts being put in jeopardy. The Moon landing did not happen, but the astronauts landed safely in the Pacific Ocean on April 17.
Original black and white photographic print, March 26, 1970: Larry Summers Collection.
Recovery Helicopter Above Apollo 13 Capsule
With the USS Iwo Jima in the background, a U.S. Navy helicopter hovers above the Apollo 13 capsule after it safely splashed down in the Pacific Ocean. Apollo 13 was crewed by Lovell, Lunar Module Pilot Fred Haise (1933-), and Command Module Pilot Jack Swigert (1931-1982). Apollo 13 was termed a "successful failure," because the crew survived even though they did not accomplish its original objective of landing on the moon. Apollo 13 launched on April 11, 1970, but an oxygen tank in the Service Module had exploded around 56 hours into the mission, as a result of a series of mismatched modifications and unfortunate testing, causing the mission and the astronauts being put in jeopardy. The Moon landing did not happen, but the astronauts landed safely in the Pacific Ocean on April 17.
Original black and white photographic print, April 17, 1970: Larry Summers Collection.
Apollo 13 Crew on the USS Iwo Jima After Recovery
Swigert, John L. (John Leonard), 1931-1982
Photographed, from left to right, are Lunar Module Pilot Fred Haise (1933-), Mission Commander Jim Lovell (1928-) and Command Module Pilot Jack Swigert (1931-1982) aboard the recovery ship USS Iwo Jima after safely splashing down in the Pacific Ocean. Apollo 13 was termed a "successful failure," because the crew survived even though they did not accomplish its original objective of landing on the moon. Apollo 13 launched on April 11, 1970, but an oxygen tank in the Service Module had exploded around 56 hours into the mission, as a result of a series of mismatched modifications and unfortunate testing, causing the mission and the astronauts being put in jeopardy. The Moon landing did not happen, but the astronauts landed safely in the Pacific Ocean on April 17.
Underwater Testing Materials for the Skylab Heat Shield
Workers creating underwater testing materials for the Skylab heat shield at Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama. After the nearly catastrophic launch of the Skylab, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) worked to solve the problems created by the troubled launch. As part of that work, employees workers at Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, created a net to simulate deployment underwater of the proposed heat shield. As Project Apollo was winding down and the final three missions (Apollo 18, Apollo 19, and Apollo 20) were canceled, NASA looked for ways to repurpose launch vehicles and other equipment. Out of this, Skylab and three space science missions were born. Skylab was born out a concept first proposed by famed rocket designer Wernher von Braun (1912-1977), to use an unused upper stage fuel tank and convert it to an orbital laboratory. This was NASA's budget being slashed. With the tank becoming the basis of the space station, NAS) added solar arrays, a docking adapter, and a space observatory. The Skylab missions were constituted of one mission to put the station in space (Skylab 1), using a modified and last Saturn V to launch, and three crewed missions (Skylab 2, Skylab 3, and Skylab 4) to occupy the lab and perform science, using the smaller Saturn IB booster to launch the three astronaut crews. When launched on May 14, 1973, the station encountered problems immediately. A micrometeoroid shield prematurely deployed and tore off one of the two main solar arrays. NASA engineers went to work and were able to save Skylab and the three crewed missions. Each of the subsequent missions set what were then endurance records for living in space and conducted substantial space science experiments. NASA tried to keep Skylab in orbit after Skylab 4 (SL-4) and until the Space Shuttle could boost its orbit, but with a decaying orbit it crashed on July 11, 1979.
Original black and white photographic print, May 19, 1973: Larry Summers Collection.
Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama
A portrait of Mission Commander Alan Shepard (1923-1998), the first American in space, likely taken around the time of his Apollo 14 flight. Shepard was the only Mercury Seven, as the original seven astronauts were called, to also walk on the Moon. Apollo 14 was the third mission to land men on the Moon, including Shepard, Command Module Pilot Stuart Roosa (1933-1994), and Lunar Module Pilot Edgar Mitchell (1930-). These three astronauts conducted a ten-day mission that launched on January 31, 1971, from John F. Kennedy Space Center in Merritt Island, Florida, and landing in the Pacific Ocean on February 9, 1971. The mission landed Shepard and Mitchell on the Moon, where they collected specimens, conducted, research and even hit a couple of golf balls using a special club that Shepard had stowed away.
Original black and white photographic print: Space Walk of Fame Collection.
Apollo 11 Crew Entering the Transfer Van to Launch Pad 39A
The Apollo 11 crew, led by Mission Commander Neil Armstrong's (1930-2012), Command Module Pilot Michael Collins (1930-), and Lunar Module Pilot Buzz Aldrin (1930-), exiting the Manned Spacecraft Operations Building (MSOB) to board the transfer van to Launch Pad 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida. Apollo 11 was the first space mission where humans set foot on another celestial body, the Moon. Launched from Launch Pad 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida, on July 16, 1969, the Apollo 11 fired the third stage engines two and half hours after launch to leave Earth's gravitational pull. The mission was highlighted by the first lunar landing by human beings and Armstrong's descent from the Lunar Module (LM) to place his foot on the surface of the Moon. He and Aldrin spent less than 22 hours on the Moon, including two and half hours outside Eagle, their Lunar Module. The crew returned to Earth on July 24, 1969.
Original color photographic print, July 16, 1969: Leonard Pugh Collection.
Manned Spacecraft Operations Building, John F. Kennedy Space Center, Merritt Island, Florida
Command Module Pilot Donn F. Eisele (1930-1987) for the Apollo 7 mission, which launched from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS) atop a Saturn IB booster on October 11, 1968. Apollo 7 was an Earth orbital mission, which tested the improved Block 2 Command/Service Module (CSM). It was the first time the Apollo CSM had flown on a manned mission. This mission lasted 10 days and tested many of the systems needed to accomplish the Moon landing. The crew included Eisele, Mission Commander Wally Schirra(1923-2007), and Lunar Module Pilot Walter Cunningham (1932-).
The unmanned Apollo 4 (AS-501) was the first launch of the Saturn V booster and the first flight from Launch Pad 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida. Apollo 4 was a test flight of the Saturn V, which was used in future mission to send men to the Moon. The flight was launched on November 9, 1967, although it was initially planned for late 1966. Apollo 4 was delayed by development issues with S-II, the second stage of the Saturn V rocket, and to a lesser extent, by wiring defects discovered in the Apollo spacecraft.
Original color photographic print, November 9, 1967: Larry Summers Collection.
Engineers Checking Deployment of Apollo 16's Lunar Rover
Engineers checking the deployment of the Lunar Rover for Apollo 16 (AS-511) at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida. Apollo 16 was the tenth manned mission of Project Apollo, the fifth mission to land men on the Moon, and the first to land in the lunar highlands. The mission was crewed by Mission Commander John Young (1930-) (1930-), Lunar Module Pilot Charles Duke (1935-), and Command Module Pilot Ken Mattingly (1936-), and launched from KSC on April 16, 1972. Young and Duke spent nearly three days on the lunar surface conducting three extravehicular activities (EVA), also known as moonwalks. The Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV) used was the second time one had been used during a lunar landing mission. The Apollo 16 landed back on Earth in the South Pacific Ocean on April 27.
Original black and white photographic print, December 10, 1971: Larry Summers Collection.
Lovell Family Observing the Apollo 8 Launch
The family of Command Module Pilot Jim Lovell (1928-) observing the first manned launch of the Saturn V rocket during the Apollo 8 (AS-503) mission. Photographed from left to right are James Lovell (1955-), Jeffrey Lovell (1966-), Susan Lovell (1958-), Marilyn Lillie Gerlach Lovell (1930-), and Barbara Lovell (1953-). Apollo 8 was the first manned launch of a Saturn V booster and mission to leave Earth orbit. It launched from John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida, on December 21, 1968, with Lovell, Commander Frank Borman (1928-), and Lunar Module Pilot William Anders (1933-). Apollo 8 was the first manned spacecraft to leave Earth's orbit, reach the Moon, and orbit and return safely to Earth. The crew became the first humans to travel beyond low Earth orbit, to see Earth as a whole planet, to directly see the far side of the Moon, and to witness Earthrise.
Original black and white photographic print, December 21, 1968: Larry Summers Collection.
Apollo 11 Crew at Pre-Launch Press Conference
The crew of Apollo 11 at the last press conference before their flight. Photographed from left to right are Lunar Module Pilot Buzz Aldrin (1930-), Mission Commander Neil Armstrong (1930-2012), and Command Module Pilot Michael Collins (1930-). Apollo 11 was the first space mission where humans set foot on another celestial body, the Moon. Launched from Launch Pad 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida, on July 16, 1969, the Apollo 11 fired the third stage engines two and half hours after launch to leave Earth's gravitational pull. The mission was highlighted by the first lunar landing by human beings and Armstrong's descent from the Lunar Module (LM) to place his foot on the surface of the Moon. He and Aldrin spent less than 22 hours on the Moon, including two and half hours outside Eagle, their Lunar Module. The crew returned to Earth on July 24, 1969.
Original black and white photographic print, July 14, 1969: Larry Summers Collection.
Crowds Observing the Apollo 11 Launch Along Florida State Road A1A
Crowds gather along Florida State Road A1A (SR A1A), also known as Florida State Road 528 (SR 528) or Martin Andersen Beachline Expressway (formerly known as the Martin Andersen Bee Line Expressway or the Bee Line), to observe the launch of Apollo 11. Apollo 11 was the first space mission where humans set foot on another celestial body, the Moon. Launched from Launch Pad 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida, on July 16, 1969, the Apollo 11 fired the third stage engines two and half hours after launch to leave Earth's gravitational pull. The mission was highlighted by the first lunar landing by human beings and Mission Commander Neil Armstrong's (1930-2012) descent from the Lunar Module (LM) to place his foot on the surface of the Moon. He and Lunar Module Pilot Buzz Aldrin (1930-) spent less than 22 hours on the Moon, including two and half hours outside Eagle, their Lunar Module. The crew, which also included Command Module Pilot Michael Collins (1930-), returned to Earth on July 24, 1969.
Original black and white photographic print, July 16, 1969: Larry Summers Collection.
Florida State Road A1A, Merritt Island, Florida
Larry Summer Filming the Launch Control Center
Larry Summers filming the Launch Control Center (LCC) at John F. Kennedy Space Center in Merritt Island, Florida. The LCC is used for the supervision of manned mission launches from Launch Complex 39 (LC-39). The first launch to use the LCC was the unmanned Apollo 4 (Apollo-Saturn 501) on November 9, 1967. Apollo 8, the first manned mission, was launched on December 21, 1968.
Original black and white photographic print: Larry Summers Collection.
Apollo Command/Service Module and Lunar Module
An Apollo Command/Service Module (CSM) and Lunar Module (LM) assembly being hoisted for stacking on top of the Saturn V rocket in the Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida. The CSM, along with the Lunar Module (LM), was a spacecraft used during Project Apollo to land astronauts on the moon. It was used in nine manned space flights to the Moon aboard the Saturn V.
The Apollo 11 crew eating dinner the night before the flight with other astronauts at the Manned Spacecraft Operations Building (MSOB) of John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida. Photographed in the foreground, from left to right, are astronauts Fred Haise (1933-), Deke Slayton (1924-1993), Jim Lovell (1928-), Command Module Pilot Michael Collins (1930-, and Ken Mattingly (1936-). Across the table, from left to right, are astronauts Lunar Module Pilot Buzz Aldrin (1930-), Mission Commander Neil Armstrong (1930-2012), William Anders (1933-), and Ronald Evans (1933-1990). Apollo 11 was the first space mission where humans set foot on another celestial body, the Moon. Launched from Launch Pad 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida, on July 16, 1969, the Apollo 11 fired the third stage engines two and half hours after launch to leave Earth's gravitational pull. The mission was highlighted by the first lunar landing by human beings and Armstrong's descent from the Lunar Module (LM) to place his foot on the surface of the Moon. He and Aldrin spent less than 22 hours on the Moon, including two and half hours outside Eagle, their Lunar Module. The crew returned to Earth on July 24, 1969.
Original black and white photographic print, July 15, 1969: Leonard Pugh Collection.
The plaque attached to the leg of the Lunar Module (LM) of the Apollo 11 spacecraft. Apollo 11 was the first space mission where humans set foot on another celestial body, the Moon. Launched from Launch Pad 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida, on July 16, 1969, the Apollo 11 fired the third stage engines two and half hours after launch to leave Earth's gravitational pull. The mission was highlighted by the first lunar landing by human beings and Mission Commander Neil Armstrong's (1930-2012) descent from the Lunar Module (LM) to place his foot on the surface of the Moon. He and Lunar Module Pilot Buzz Aldrin (1930-) spent less than 22 hours on the Moon, including two and half hours outside Eagle, their Lunar Module. The crew, which also included Command Module Pilot Michael Collins (1930-), returned to Earth on July 24, 1969.
Original black and white photographic print: Leonard Pugh Collection.
Apollo 11 Astronaut Buzz Aldrin Examining Lunar Surface Photographs
Prior to the Apollo 11 mission, Lunar Module Pilot Buzz Aldrin (1930-) examining lunar surface photographs taken by an unmanned probe. Apollo 11 was the first space mission where humans set foot on another celestial body, the Moon. Launched from Launch Pad 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida, on July 16, 1969, the Apollo 11 fired the third stage engines two and half hours after launch to leave Earth's gravitational pull. The mission was highlighted by the first lunar landing by human beings and Mission Commander Neil Armstrong's (1930-2012) descent from the Lunar Module (LM) to place his foot on the surface of the Moon. He and Aldrin spent less than 22 hours on the Moon, including two and half hours outside Eagle, their Lunar Module. The crew, which also included Command Module Pilot Michael Collins (1930-), returned to Earth on July 24, 1969.
Original black and white photographic print, July 14, 1969: Space Walk of Fame Collection.
Apollo 11 Astronaut Neil Armstrong at Pre-Launch Breakfast
Mission Commander Neil Armstrong (1930-2012) eating breakfast at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida, before the Apollo 11 launch. Apollo 11 was the first space mission where humans set foot on another celestial body, the Moon. Launched from Launch Pad 39A on July 16, 1969, the Apollo 11 fired the third stage engines two and half hours after launch to leave Earth's gravitational pull. The mission was highlighted by the first lunar landing by human beings and Armstrong's descent from the Lunar Module (LM) to place his foot on the surface of the Moon. He and Lunar Module Pilot Buzz Aldrin (1930-) spent less than 22 hours on the Moon, including two and half hours outside Eagle, their Lunar Module. The crew, which also included Command Module Pilot Michael Collins (1930-), returned to Earth on July 24, 1969.
Original black and white photographic print, July 16, 1969: Space Walk of Fame Collection.
Command Module Pilot Michael Collins (1930-) in his spacesuit in preparation for the Apollo 11 flight at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida. Apollo 11 was the first space mission where humans set foot on another celestial body, the Moon. Launched from Launch Pad 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida, on July 16, 1969, the Apollo 11 fired the third stage engines two and half hours after launch to leave Earth's gravitational pull. The mission was highlighted by the first lunar landing by human beings and Mission Commander Neil Armstrong's (1930-2012) descent from the Lunar Module (LM) to place his foot on the surface of the Moon. He and Lunar Module Pilot Buzz Aldrin (1930-) spent less than 22 hours on the Moon, including two and half hours outside Eagle, their Lunar Module. The crew returned to Earth on July 24, 1969.
Mission Commander Neil Armstrong (1930-2012) in his spacesuit in preparation for the Apollo 11 flight at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida. Apollo 11 was the first space mission where humans set foot on another celestial body, the Moon. Launched from Launch Pad 39A on July 16, 1969, the Apollo 11 fired the third stage engines two and half hours after launch to leave Earth's gravitational pull. The mission was highlighted by the first lunar landing by human beings and Armstrong's descent from the Lunar Module (LM) to place his foot on the surface of the Moon. He and Lunar Module Pilot Buzz Aldrin (1930-) spent less than 22 hours on the Moon, including two and half hours outside Eagle, their Lunar Module. The crew, which also included Command Module Pilot Michael Collins (1930-), returned to Earth on July 24, 1969.
Original black and white photographic print, June 16, 1969: Space Walk of Fame Collection.
Lunar Module Pilot Buzz Aldrin (1930-) in his spacesuit in preparation for the Apollo 11 flight at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida. Apollo 11 was the first space mission where humans set foot on another celestial body, the Moon. Launched from Launch Pad 39A on July 16, 1969, the Apollo 11 fired the third stage engines two and half hours after launch to leave Earth's gravitational pull. The mission was highlighted by the first lunar landing by human beings and Mission Commander Neil Armstrong's (1930-2012) descent from the Lunar Module (LM) to place his foot on the surface of the Moon. He and Aldrin spent less than 22 hours on the Moon, including two and half hours outside Eagle, their Lunar Module. The crew, which also included Command Module Pilot Michael Collins (1930-), returned to Earth on July 24, 1969.
Apollo 11 Astronaut Neil Armstrong Practicing Moon Landing
At Ellington Air Force Base (originally called Ellington Field) in Houston, Texas, Mission Commander Neil Armstrong (1930-2012) practicing the moon landing with the Lunar Landing Training Vehicle (LLTV). Apollo 11 was the first space mission where humans set foot on another celestial body, the Moon. Launched from Launch Pad 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida, on July 16, 1969, the Apollo 11 fired the third stage engines two and half hours after launch to leave Earth's gravitational pull. The mission was highlighted by the first lunar landing by human beings and Armstrong's descent from the Lunar Module (LM) to place his foot on the surface of the Moon. He and Lunar Module Pilot Buzz Aldrin (1930-) spent less than 22 hours on the Moon, including two and half hours outside Eagle, their Lunar Module. The crew, which also included Command Module Pilot Michael Collins (1930-), returned to Earth on July 24, 1969.
Ellington Air Force Base, Houston, Texas
Astronaut Michael Collins During Apollo 11 Training
Command Module Pilot Michael Collins (1930-) training on the Command Module (CM) Procedures Simulator at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida, for Apollo 11. Apollo 11 was the first space mission where humans set foot on another celestial body, the Moon. Launched from Launch Pad 39A on July 16, 1969, the Apollo 11 fired the third stage engines two and half hours after launch to leave Earth's gravitational pull. The mission was highlighted by the first lunar landing by human beings and Mission Commander Neil Armstrong's (1930-2012) descent from the Lunar Module (LM) to place his foot on the surface of the Moon. He and Lunar Module Pilot Buzz Aldrin (1930-) spent less than 22 hours on the Moon, including two and half hours outside Eagle, their Lunar Module. The crew, which also included Command Module Pilot Michael Collins (1930-), returned to Earth on July 24, 1969.
Original black and white photographic print, June 19, 1969: Space Walk of Fame Collection.
Astronaut Michael Collins in the Command Module Procedures Simulator
Command Module Pilot Michael Collins (1930-) training on the Command Module (CM) Procedures Simulator at Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas, for the Apollo 11 mission. Apollo 11 was the first space mission where humans set foot on another celestial body, the Moon. Launched from Launch Pad 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida, on July 16, 1969, the Apollo 11 fired the third stage engines two and half hours after launch to leave Earth's gravitational pull. The mission was highlighted by the first lunar landing by human beings and Mission Commander Neil Armstrong's (1930-2012) descent from the Lunar Module (LM) to place his foot on the surface of the Moon. He and Lunar Module Pilot Buzz Aldrin (1930-) spent less than 22 hours on the Moon, including two and half hours outside Eagle, their Lunar Module. The crew returned to Earth on July 24, 1969.
Original black and white photographic print, December 9, 1968: Space Walk of Fame Collection.
Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas
Apollo 11 Astronaut Buzz Aldrin Aboard the Lunar Module
Lunar Module Pilot Buzz Aldrin (1930-) aboard the Lunar Module (LM( during Apollo 11, which was the first space mission where humans set foot on another celestial body, the Moon. Launched from Launch Pad 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida, on July 16, 1969, the Apollo 11 fired the third stage engines two and half hours after launch to leave Earth's gravitational pull. The mission was highlighted by the first lunar landing by human beings and Mission Commander Neil Armstrong's (1930-2012) descent from the LM to place his foot on the surface of the Moon. He and Aldrin spent less than 22 hours on the Moon, including two and half hours outside Eagle, their Lunar Module. The crew, which also included Command Module Pilot Michael Collins (1930-), returned to Earth on July 24, 1969.
Astronaut Jim Lovell During Spacesuit Testing
Apollo 13 Mission Commander Jim Lovell (1928-) during spacesuit testing at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida. Apollo 13 was crewed by Lovell, Lunar Module Pilot Fred Haise (1933-), and Command Module Pilot Jack Swigert (1931-1982). Apollo 13 was termed a "successful failure," because the crew survived even though they did not accomplish its original objective of landing on the moon. Apollo 13 launched on April 11, 1970, but an oxygen tank in the Service Module had exploded around 56 hours into the mission, as a result of a series of mismatched modifications and unfortunate testing, causing the mission and the astronauts being put in jeopardy. The Moon landing did not happen, but the astronauts landed safely in the Pacific Ocean on April 17.
Original black and white photographic print, March 3, 1970: Larry Summers Collection.
Original color photographic prints, July 20, 1969: Leonard Pugh Collection.
Earth on the Lunar Horizon During the Apollo 11 Mission
Earth on the lunar horizon during the Apollo 11 mission, which was the first space mission where humans set foot on another celestial body, the Moon. Launched from Launch Pad 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida, on July 16, 1969, the Apollo 11 fired the third stage engines two and half hours after launch to leave Earth's gravitational pull. The mission was highlighted by the first lunar landing by human beings and Mission Commander Neil Armstrong's (1930-2012) descent from the Lunar Module (LM) to place his foot on the surface of the Moon. He and Lunar Module Pilot Buzz Aldrin (1930-) spent less than 22 hours on the Moon, including two and half hours outside Eagle, their Lunar Module. The crew, which also included Command Module Pilot Michael Collins (1930-), returned to Earth on July 24, 1969.
Original color photographic print, Jul 1969: Leonard Pugh Collection.
Apollo 11's ascent from the Moon. Apollo 11 was the first space mission where humans set foot on another celestial body, the Moon. Launched from Launch Pad 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida, on July 16, 1969, the Apollo 11 fired the third stage engines two and half hours after launch to leave Earth's gravitational pull. The mission was highlighted by the first lunar landing by human beings and Mission Commander Neil Armstrong's (1930-2012) descent from the Lunar Module (LM) to place his foot on the surface of the Moon. He and Lunar Module Pilot Buzz Aldrin (1930-) spent less than 22 hours on the Moon, including two and half hours outside Eagle, their Lunar Module. The crew, which also included Command Module Pilot Michael Collins (1930-), returned to Earth on July 24, 1969.
Original color photographic print, July 21, 1969: Leonard Pugh Collection.
Mission Commander Neil Armstrong (1930-2012), Command Module Pilot Michael Collins (1930-), and Lunar Module Pilot Buzz Aldrin (1930-) in front of their Saturn V on Launch Pad 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida. Apollo 11 was the first space mission where humans set foot on another celestial body, the Moon. Launched from Launch Pad 39A on July 16, 1969, the Apollo 11 fired the third stage engines two and half hours after launch to leave Earth's gravitational pull. The mission was highlighted by the first lunar landing by human beings and Armstrong's descent from the Lunar Module (LM) to place his foot on the surface of the Moon. He and Aldrin spent less than 22 hours on the Moon, including two and half hours outside Eagle, their Lunar Module. The crew returned to Earth on July 24, 1969.
Original color photographic print, May 20, 1969: Leonard Pugh Collection.
Apollo 11 Crew Breakfast at John F. Kennedy Space Center Before Flight
The Apollo 11 crew breakfast with Deke Slayton (1924-1993) (1924-1993), a Mercury Seven astronaut himself, and William Anders (1933-). Shown in the photograph, left front to right front, are Command Module Pilot Michael Collins (1930-), Mission Commander Neil Armstrong (1930-2012), Anders, Lunar Module Pilot Buzz Aldrin (1930-), and Director of Flight Crew Operations Slayton. Apollo 11 was the first space mission where humans set foot on another celestial body, the Moon. Launched from Launch Pad 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida, on July 16, 1969, the Apollo 11 fired the third stage engines two and half hours after launch to leave Earth's gravitational pull. The mission was highlighted by the first lunar landing by human beings and Armstrong's descent from the Lunar Module (LM) to place his foot on the surface of the Moon. He and Aldrin spent less than 22 hours on the Moon, including two and half hours outside Eagle, their Lunar Module. The crew returned to Earth on July 24, 1969.
The Apollo 11 crew, Mission Commander Neil Armstrong's (1930-2012) and either Command Module Pilot Michael Collins (1930-) or Lunar Module Pilot Buzz Aldrin (1930-), boarding the Apollo 11 spacecraft from the Launch Umbilical Tower (LUT) elevator at Launch Pad 39A of John F. Kennedy Space Center in Merritt Island, Florida. Also appearing in this photograph is an unidentified pad worker. Apollo 11 was the first space mission where humans set foot on another celestial body, the Moon. Launched from Launch Pad 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida, on July 16, 1969, the Apollo 11 fired the third stage engines two and half hours after launch to leave Earth's gravitational pull. The mission was highlighted by the first lunar landing by human beings and Armstrong's descent from the Lunar Module (LM) to place his foot on the surface of the Moon. He and Aldrin spent less than 22 hours on the Moon, including two and half hours outside Eagle, their Lunar Module. The crew returned to Earth on July 24, 1969.