Sanford High School Civil Government Assignment, 1906
A civil government assignment completed by Sanford High School eighth grader Edith Lindholm in 1906. This particular assignment was created to test Flora A. Walker's students' civil government knowledge. Sanford High School was originally established at 301 West Seventh Street in Sanford, Florida, in 1902. The building was designed by W. G. Talley in the Romanesque revival style. Due to an increasing student population, a new school building was constructed on Sanford Avenue in 1911. The original building on Seventh Street served as Westside Grammar Elementary School, which was later renamed Sanford Grammar School. In 1984, the building was placed on the National Registry of Historic Places and converted into the Student Museum. The building reopened as the University of Central Florida's Public History Center in 2012. In 1927, a high school campus was designed by Elton J. Moughton in the Mediterranean revival style and constructed at 1700 French Avenue. The school reopened on January 10 and was renamed Seminole High School. In 1960, the high school moved to a new campus at 2701 Ridgewood Avenue and the former building on French Avenue was converted to Sanford Junior High School, which was later renamed Sanford Middle School. The old building was demolished in the summer of 1991 and replaced by a $5.77 million school complex. As of 2013, Seminole High School offers various Advanced Placement courses, the Academy for Health Careers, and the International Baccalaureate Programme for students.
Original school assignment completed by Edith Lindholm, May 16, 1906: Sanford High School Collection, box 3A, folder Student Work 1905, item SCPS00502, UCF Public History Center, Sanford, Florida.
Sanford High School Language Assignment, 1906
An English language assignment completed by Sanford High School sixth grader Flossie Jones in 1906. This particular assignment was created to test Miss Kate Tomkie's students' English language skills. Sanford High School was originally established at 301 West Seventh Street in Sanford, Florida, in 1902. The building was designed by W. G. Talley in the Romanesque revival style. Due to an increasing student population, a new school building was constructed on Sanford Avenue in 1911. The original building on Seventh Street served as Westside Grammar Elementary School, which was later renamed Sanford Grammar School. In 1984, the building was placed on the National Registry of Historic Places and converted into the Student Museum. The building reopened as the University of Central Florida's Public History Center in 2012. In 1927, a high school campus was designed by Elton J. Moughton in the Mediterranean revival style and constructed at 1700 French Avenue. The school reopened on January 10 and was renamed Seminole High School. In 1960, the high school moved to a new campus at 2701 Ridgewood Avenue and the former building on French Avenue was converted to Sanford Junior High School, which was later renamed Sanford Middle School. The old building was demolished in the summer of 1991 and replaced by a $5.77 million school complex. As of 2013, Seminole High School offers various Advanced Placement courses, the Academy for Health Careers, and the International Baccalaureate Programme for students.
Original school assignment completed by Flossie Jones, May 17, 1906: Sanford High School Collection, box 3A, folder Student Work 1905, item SCPS00501, UCF Public History Center, Sanford, Florida.
Sanford High School Government Assignment, 1905
Civil government assignment completed by Sanford High School sophomore Rose Higgins in 1905. This particular assignment was created to test the student's civil government knowledge. Sanford High School was originally established at 301 West Seventh Street in Sanford, Florida, in 1902. The building was designed by W. G. Talley in the Romanesque revival style. Due to an increasing student population, a new school building was constructed on Sanford Avenue in 1911. The original building on Seventh Street served as Westside Grammar Elementary School, which was later renamed Sanford Grammar School. In 1984, the building was placed on the National Registry of Historic Places and converted into the Student Museum. The building reopened as the University of Central Florida's Public History Center in 2012. In 1927, a high school campus was designed by Elton J. Moughton in the Mediterranean revival style and constructed at 1700 French Avenue. The school reopened on January 10 and was renamed Seminole High School. In 1960, the high school moved to a new campus at 2701 Ridgewood Avenue and the former building on French Avenue was converted to Sanford Junior High School, which was later renamed Sanford Middle School. The old building was demolished in the summer of 1991 and replaced by a $5.77 million school complex. As of 2013, Seminole High School offers various Advanced Placement courses, the Academy for Health Careers, and the International Baccalaureate Programme for students.
Original school assignment completed by Rose Higgins, May 9, 1905: Sanford High School Collection, box 3A, folder Student Work 1905, item SCPS00500, UCF Public History Center, Sanford, Florida.
Sanford High School Latin Language Assignment, 1905
A Latin assignment completed by Sanford High School sophomore Rose Higgins in 1905. This particular assignment was created to test the student's Latin skills. Sanford High School was originally established at 301 West Seventh Street in Sanford, Florida, in 1902. The building was designed by W. G. Talley in the Romanesque revival style. Due to an increasing student population, a new school building was constructed on Sanford Avenue in 1911. The original building on Seventh Street served as Westside Grammar Elementary School, which was later renamed Sanford Grammar School. In 1984, the building was placed on the National Registry of Historic Places and converted into the Student Museum. The building reopened as the University of Central Florida's Public History Center in 2012. In 1927, a high school campus was designed by Elton J. Moughton in the Mediterranean revival style and constructed at 1700 French Avenue. The school reopened on January 10 and was renamed Seminole High School. In 1960, the high school moved to a new campus at 2701 Ridgewood Avenue and the former building on French Avenue was converted to Sanford Junior High School, which was later renamed Sanford Middle School. The old building was demolished in the summer of 1991 and replaced by a $5.77 million school complex. As of 2013, Seminole High School offers various Advanced Placement courses, the Academy for Health Careers, and the International Baccalaureate Programme for students.
Original school assignment completed by Rose Higgins, May 16, 1905: Sanford High School Collection, box 3A, folder Student Work 1905, item SCPS00499, UCF Public History Center, Sanford, Florida.
Sanford High School Latin Assignment, 1905
Latin assignment completed by Sanford High School sophomore Peacha Leffler in 1905. Leffler was one of the first graduates of Sanford High in 1907. This particular assignment was created to test the student's Latin skills. Sanford High School was originally established at 301 West Seventh Street in Sanford, Florida, in 1902. The building was designed by W. G. Talley in the Romanesque revival style. Due to an increasing student population, a new school building was constructed on Sanford Avenue in 1911. The original building on Seventh Street served as Westside Grammar Elementary School, which was later renamed Sanford Grammar School. In 1984, the building was placed on the National Registry of Historic Places and converted into the Student Museum. The building reopened as the University of Central Florida's Public History Center in 2012. In 1927, a high school campus was designed by Elton J. Moughton in the Mediterranean revival style and constructed at 1700 French Avenue. The school reopened on January 10 and was renamed Seminole High School. In 1960, the high school moved to a new campus at 2701 Ridgewood Avenue and the former building on French Avenue was converted to Sanford Junior High School, which was later renamed Sanford Middle School. The old building was demolished in the summer of 1991 and replaced by a $5.77 million school complex. As of 2013, Seminole High School offers various Advanced Placement courses, the Academy for Health Careers, and the International Baccalaureate Programme for students.
Original school assignment completed by Peacha Leffler, May 16, 1905: Sanford High School Collection, box 3A, folder Student Work 1905, item SCPS00498, UCF Public History Center, Sanford, Florida.
Sanford High School Civil Government Assignment, 1905
Civil government assignment completed by Sanford High School sophomore Peacha Leffler in 1905. Leffler was one of the first graduates of Sanford High in 1907. This particular assignment was created to test the student's civil government knowledge. Sanford High School was originally established at 301 West Seventh Street in Sanford, Florida, in 1902. The building was designed by W. G. Talley in the Romanesque revival style. Due to an increasing student population, a new school building was constructed on Sanford Avenue in 1911. The original building on Seventh Street served as Westside Grammar Elementary School, which was later renamed Sanford Grammar School. In 1984, the building was placed on the National Registry of Historic Places and converted into the Student Museum. The building reopened as the University of Central Florida's Public History Center in 2012. In 1927, a high school campus was designed by Elton J. Moughton in the Mediterranean revival style and constructed at 1700 French Avenue. The school reopened on January 10 and was renamed Seminole High School. In 1960, the high school moved to a new campus at 2701 Ridgewood Avenue and the former building on French Avenue was converted to Sanford Junior High School, which was later renamed Sanford Middle School. The old building was demolished in the summer of 1991 and replaced by a $5.77 million school complex. As of 2013, Seminole High School offers various Advanced Placement courses, the Academy for Health Careers, and the International Baccalaureate Programme for students.
Original school assignment completed by Peacha Leffler, May 9, 1905: Sanford High School Collection, box 3A, folder Student Work 1905, item SCPS00497, UCF Public History Center, Sanford, Florida.
Sanford High School Rhetoric Assignment, 1905
A rhetoric assignment completed by Sanford High School sophomore Peacha Leffler in 1905. Leffler was one of the first graduates of Sanford High in 1907. This particular assignment was created to test the student's rhetoric skills. Sanford High School was originally established at 301 West Seventh Street in Sanford, Florida, in 1902. The building was designed by W. G. Talley in the Romanesque revival style. Due to an increasing student population, a new school building was constructed on Sanford Avenue in 1911. The original building on Seventh Street served as Westside Grammar Elementary School, which was later renamed Sanford Grammar School. In 1984, the building was placed on the National Registry of Historic Places and converted into the Student Museum. The building reopened as the University of Central Florida's Public History Center in 2012. In 1927, a high school campus was designed by Elton J. Moughton in the Mediterranean revival style and constructed at 1700 French Avenue. The school reopened on January 10 and was renamed Seminole High School. In 1960, the high school moved to a new campus at 2701 Ridgewood Avenue and the former building on French Avenue was converted to Sanford Junior High School, which was later renamed Sanford Middle School. The old building was demolished in the summer of 1991 and replaced by a $5.77 million school complex. As of 2013, Seminole High School offers various Advanced Placement courses, the Academy for Health Careers, and the International Baccalaureate Programme for students.
Original school assignment completed by Peacha Leffler, May 17, 1905: Sanford High School Collection, box 3A, folder Student Work 1905, item SCPS00496, UCF Public History Center, Sanford, Florida.
Sanford High School Report Card, 1914-1915
Sanford High School report card for eleventh-grader Frances Leavitt during the 1914-1915 school years. Clara Louise Guild evaluated Leavitt in subjects such as English literature, geometry, history, and French. Other school subjects include algebra, Latin, rhetoric, physics, chemistry, biology, geography, German, arithmetic, drawing, and music. The report card was signed by Leavitt's parent, Mrs. W. L. Leavitt. Guild is also known as the first graduate of Rollins College in Winter Park, Florida. Sanford High School was originally established at 301 West Seventh Street in Sanford, Florida, in 1902. The building was designed by W. G. Talley in the Romanesque revival style. Due to an increasing student population, a new school building was constructed on Sanford Avenue in 1911. The original building on Seventh Street served as Westside Grammar Elementary School, which was later renamed Sanford Grammar School. In 1984, the building was placed on the National Registry of Historic Places and converted into the Student Museum. The building reopened as the University of Central Florida's Public History Center in 2012. In 1927, a high school campus was designed by Elton J. Moughton in the Mediterranean revival style and constructed at 1700 French Avenue. The school reopened on January 10 and was renamed Seminole High School. In 1960, the high school moved to a new campus at 2701 Ridgewood Avenue and the former building on French Avenue was converted to Sanford Junior High School, which was later renamed Sanford Middle School. The old building was demolished in the summer of 1991 and replaced by a $5.77 million school complex. As of 2013, Seminole High School offers various Advanced Placement courses, the Academy for Health Careers, and the International Baccalaureate Programme for students.
Sanford Public Schools High School Department
Original report card (Sanford, FL: Herald Printing Company): Sanford High School Collection, box 3A, folder Report Cards, item SCPS00495, UCF Public History Center, Sanford, Florida.
The building located at 307-311 South Sanford Avenue in Georgetown, an historic African-American neighborhood in Sanford, Florida. The earliest known occupants of Suite 307 were two African-American residents: M. J. Bradford in 1911 and Judge Williams in 1917. By 1924, Williams had vacated this residency and then ran his restaurant at 305 South Sanford Avenue from approximately 1924 to 1925. In 1926, Dixie Gardens Corp. Real Estate was listed at this address, as well as the Boteler-Jackson Company Inc., a wholesale confectioner business, was listed at Suite 307. By 1947, Howard Boteler was operating his business at Suites 305-307 independently of his former company. The Boteler Howard Company, a wholesale confectioner business, was run at 500-502 South Sanford Avenue from approximately 1952 to 1965. In 1965, this address was listed as vacant. By 1975, Café Tavern had taken over the lot. In 1911, three residents were listed at 309 South Sanford Avenue: Peter Barkett, G. W. Wilson, and Jacob Frazier; the latter two were African Americans. Another African American, S. M. Harris, resided here in 1917. By 1924, James Tsacrios was operating his grocery from this location. The Style Shop Ready-to-wear was listed at this address in 1926 . From approximately 1947 to 1952, a black-owned bar, originally named C.C. Sheffield & Son Beer and later renamed C.C. Sheffield & Son Tavern, was located here. In 1965, Friendly Café was located at this address, though the café later moved to 320 South Sanford Avenue. The first known occupant of Suite 311 was African-American resident W. R. Charlton in 1911. In 1924, I. E. Kersey & Son Meats was located here, but the lot was listed as vacant in 1926. From approximately 1947 to 1952, an African-American-owned bar, originally named Al's Tavern and later renamed Al's Place Tavern, was run at this address. By 1965, Bennie's Pool Room had been occupying this lot, but it became vacant by 1975. At the time that this photograph was taken in January 2012, these lots were vacant with no building.
Original color digital image by Adam Rock, January 23, 2012.
RICHES of Central Florida
The lot located at 308-310 South Sanford Avenue in Georgetown, an historic African-American neighborhood in Sanford, Florida. The earliest known occupant of Suite 308 was African-American resident Alexander Long in 1911. In 1947, the Joe Moss Amusement Machine Company was operating from this location. Army Navy Surplus General Merchandise was listed at Suites 308-310 from approximately 1952 to 1965. J. M. Dresner was the first known occupant of 310 S. Sanford Ave. in 1917. From approximately 1924 to 1926, Dixie Army Navy Store was located here. The Sanford Ave Beer Garden was then located here from approximately 1947 to 1952. Army Navy Surplus General Merchandise was listed at Suites 308-310 from approximately 1952 to 1965. At the time that this photograph was taken in January 2012, these lots was vacant with no building.
Original color digital images by Adam Rock, January 23, 2012.
Trinity United Methodist Church (UMC), located at 526 South Sanford Avenue in Georgetown, an historic African-American neighborhood in Sanford, Florida in 2012. Trinity Church was originally named the New Mount Zion Colored Methodist Episcopal (CME) Church and dates back to the early 1890s. Currently located at the corner of South Sanford Avenue and East Sixth Street, Trinity UMC first held their services at the home of church member Violet Graham at East Sixth Street and Hickory Avenue. Following a donation made by the all-white Methodist Episcopal Church, services were relocated to a building erected on a lot on the northwest corner of East Sixth Street and Sanford Avenue. In the 1920s, a new church was designed and built by the famed African-American architect Prince W. Spears. The church was listed in early city directories as Trinity Methodist Church at the northwest corner of South Sanford Avenue and East Sixth Street. Trinity Church was listed with the address 520 S. Sanford Ave. in 1947 and 550 S. Sanford Ave. in 1975.
The lot located at 410 South Sanford Avenue in Georgetown, an historic African-American neighborhood in Sanford, Florida. The earliest known residents of this lot were two African Americans: Randall Turner in 1911 and Virgil Jones in 1924. Turner also owned a residence at 412 S. Sanford Ave. in 1911. Sel-Rite, a grocery store, operated from this location in 1926. Nick's Package Store Liquors was located here from approximately 1947 to 1965. This addressed was vacant by 1975. Fat Rat's Lounge, a 1920s-style bar, was opened here by Jason Turner in 2010. The building was renovated by Turner, who expanded it another 2,000 square feet. Turner also opened Jason's Martini Club, located at 300 South Sanford Avenue, in 2007.
The lot located at 205 South Sanford Avenue in Georgetown, an historic African-American neighborhood in Sanford, Florida. Georgetown was established by the city's founder, Henry Shelton Sanford (1823-1891), as a suburb for black residents in the 1870s. The neighborhood spans along Sanford Avenue, with its commercial district between First Street and Fifth Street and its historic district between Seventh Street and Tenth Street. Though originally much smaller, Georgetown spanned to its present boundaries from East Second Street to Celery Avenue and from Sanford Avenue to Mellonville Avenue. Georgetown thrived at its height from circa 1880 to 1940, particularly in agriculture and transportation.
The lot located at 519 South Sanford Avenue in Georgetown, an historic African-American neighborhood in Sanford, Florida. The earliest known occupant of this lot was an African-American resident named Joseph D. Sneed, who lived here from approximately 1917 to 1924. At the time that this photograph was taken in January 2012, this lot was vacant with no buildings.
The two-story house, built in 1930, located at 511 South Sanford Avenue in Georgetown, an historic African-American neighborhood in Sanford, Florida in 2012. Dr. Edward D. Strickland, a successful Georgetown dentist, resided here in 1926. He had previously lived at 305 South Sanford Avenue in 1917. Dr. Strickland originally practiced dentistry at 507 South Sanford Avenue until he moved his office to 300-302 South Sanford Avenue, where he practiced from 1926 to 1946. From 1947 approximately until 1952, Ruby Strickland resided in this home. In 1965, Andrew Mack lived at this address and Robert Wright lived here in 1975.
The building located at 512-516 South Sanford Avenue in Georgetown, an historic African-American neighborhood in Sanford, Florida. The earliest known residents of Suite 512 were three African-American businesses in 1924: jeweler A. J. Coulter, West Sanford Real Estate Company, and undertakers Austin & Morris. Coulter previously resided at 318 S. Sanford Ave. in 1917. In 1926, Culter remained in Suite 512 and James Samuels moved to Suite 512 1/2 from Suite 508. African-American businessman W. H. Gaines housed his restaurant here in 1947 and Vail Chandler Cabinet Market was located here in 1952. In 1952, Viola's Beauty Shop, an African-America-run business, and Amos Payne, a black resident, were listed at 512 1/2 South Sanford Avenue. Sweeney's Office Supply Warehouse was listed at Suites 506-512 in 1965. In 1975, the All Souls Catholic Church Sharing Center, a used merchandise store, was located at Suite 512. All Souls Catholic Church is a Catholic church founded by Father McFaul in 1882 and located at 800 South Oak Avenue. As of January 2014, this suite was being occupied by Mane Attraction Hair Salon. The first known residents of 514 S. Sanford Ave. were two African Americans: W. B. Kellix in 1917 and Milton Malloy in 1924. In 1926, West Sanford Real Estate Co. moved from Suite 512 to 514. Three other black residents were listed at this address: Fannie Jones and Oscar Coleman in 1947 and Mabel Griffin in 1952. Originally located at 506 S. Sanford Ave., black-owned business Jack's Barber Shop relocated to this location by 1965. Another African-American resident, Daisy Tyes, lived in Suite 514 1/2 from approximately 1947 to 1965. Tyes was born on February 2, 1897, and passed away on April 1, 1985. In 1926, Suite 516 was being occupied by Gramling & Morris, two African-American undertakers, and Suite 516 1/2 was being occupied by a black resident named Frank Pitts. In 1947, the lot was housing another black organization, World War Veterans Auxiliary Service Center. By 1952, an African-American woman, Louise King, was residing at this location, but it was listed as vacant in 1965. At the time that this photograph was taken in January 2012, this suite was being occupied by Junk2Funk, a mid-century modern furniture and accessories store owned by John White, a graphic designer, and Shana Gorondy, a senior business analyst for the American Automobile Association (AAA). In August 2012, Junk2Funk was featured on Picked Off, a reality television series on The History Channel.
The building located at 506-510 South Sanford Avenue in Georgetown, an historic African-American neighborhood in Sanford, Florida. The earliest known residents of Suite 506 were all African Americans: W. M. Walker in 1911, Will Burnett in 1917, and Florine Wood in 1924. Walker also had a residence at 501 South Sanford Avenue. W. E. Dunaway operated his dry goods store from this lot in 1926 and Anderson L. Brown, a black businessman, operated his barbershop here in 1947. Brown was born in Waukeenah, Florida, around 1907 and moved to Sanford in 1920. As a retiree, Brown lived at 1001 Cypress Avenue and passed away May 9, 1985. He was survived by his wife, Ernestine Hall Brown; his daughter, Ann Brown; his sister, Sennie Merchant; five grandchildren; and nine great-grandchildren. In 1952, Jack's Barber Shop occupied Suite 506, though the shop moved to 514 South Sanford Avenue by 1965. The earliest known occupant of Suite 508 was Prince Strobart, an African-American resident who lived here in 1911. This address was listed as vacant in 1917. James Samuels resided at this location in 1924 and moved to 512 1/2 South Sanford Avenue by 1926. Blanche Chute occupied this lot in 1926 and Sam Wright operated his dry cleaning business here in 1947. Jack's Dry Cleaners, another African-American-owned business, occupied this location in 1952. Dick's Appliance Service was listed at 506-508 S. Sanford Ave. in 1965. The appliance repair shop has since moved to 441 Sand Cove Drive. J. N. Telford, a black grocer, was the first known occupant of 510 S. Sanford Ave. in 1926. African-American businessman Segio Broomfield operated his billiards hall from this location in 1947, but the suite was vacant by 1952. Sweeney's Office Supply Warehouse was listed at Suites 506-512 in 1965. At the time that these photographs were taken in January 2012, all of these suites were vacant.
The lots located at 505-507 South Sanford Avenue in Georgetown, an historic African-American neighborhood in Sanford, Florida. The earliest known residents of Suite 505 were all African Americans: Washington Crittenden in 1911, Mack Dupree in 1917, and Griffin Clair in 1924. In 1926, Clair was listed next door at Suite 507. Annie Jones, an African-American woman, and N. H. Smoke, presumably white, were listed at Suite 505 that same year. The earliest known occupant of Suite 507 was Dr. Edward D. Strickland, a successful African-American dentist who practiced from this location in 1924. Dr. Strickland later moved his office to 300 1/2 S. Sanford Ave. from 1926 until 1946. In 1926, he also shared his office with Dr. O. A. Prince, another black physician. Dr. Strickland resided at 305 South Sanford Avenue in 1917 and moved to 511 South Sanford Avenue by 1926. After Dr. Strickland had relocated his office, Clair moved from Suite 505 to 507. In 1947, an African-American woman named Dozia Jones was listed at this address. At the time that this photograph was taken in January 2012, both lots were vacant with no buildings.
The lots located at 501-503 South Sanford Avenue in Georgetown, an historic African-American neighborhood in Sanford, Florida. The earliest known residents of Suites 501 were two African Americans: W. M. Walker in 1911 and Rachel Tayes in 1924. In 1926, Caldwell Furniture Company Inc. was listed at this address. Two grocers ran their grocery stores from this location: James A. Williams in 1947 and William H. Harrell in 1952. Sanford Ave. Pool Room was located at this address from approximately 1965 to 1975. The earliest known residents of Suite 503 were also all African Americans: J. R. Neal in 1911, Louis Rivers in 1917, and Ernest Clayton in 1924. In 1926, R. L. Hill was running his grocery store from this location. This address was listed as vacant from approximately 1947 to 1952. Two cafes were later located in this suite: Janette's Café in 1965 and Sanford Café in 1975. At the time that this photograph was taken in January 2012, both suites were vacant.
The lot located at 500-504 South Sanford Avenue in Georgetown, an historic African-American neighborhood in Sanford, Florida. The earliest known occupant of Suites 500-504 was Benton's Furniture Exchange Used Furniture in 1947. By 1952, the furniture shop moved to 422-424 South Sanford Avenue. The Boteler Howard Company, a wholesale confectioner business, occupied Suites 500-502 from approximately 1952 to 1965. Suite 504 was listed as vacant in 1952. In 1965, Hoover Radio & TV Service occupied Suite 504, which was later listed as vacant in 1975. Dave's Used Furniture was housed in Suite 500 in 1975. At the time that this photograph was taken in January 2012, Suite 502 was being occupied by Claire's Elegant Expressions and Suites 500 and 504 were vacant.
The lot located at 421 South Sanford Avenue in Georgetown, an historic African-American neighborhood in Sanford, Florida. The earliest known residents of this lot were all African Americans: Berry M. Gardner from approximately 1911 to 1917, E. D. Mathews in 1924, and David White in 1926. At the time that this photograph was taken in January 2012, the lot was vacant with no building. Stokes Fish Market, located next door at 417-419 South Sanford Avenue, can also been seen in this photograph. The fish market was operated by C. Brown from approximately 1947 to 1975. Stokes Fish Market was originally located in Suite 417 around 1947 and had expanded into Suite 419 by 1965. Despite its closing, the painted signs on the sides of the building have remained as a landmark. Kathy Hull has led a project with the Sanford Historic Trust to preserve the signs. During the 2008 presidential campaign, the site was used as a campaign office for Barack Obama and Joe Biden.
A lot located at 430-444 South Sanford Avenue in the Georgetown neighborhood of Sanford, Florida. At the time that this photograph was taken in January 2012, Suite 430 was being occupied by Beverly's Hair Cutting Services, Suite 444 by Ellen's Wine Room, and Suite 444 by Investors Realty Network. Ellen's Wine Room is a winery and restaurant founded by Debra Ellen Hartman, who worked as a vinter in the mid-1990s.
The lot located at 417-419 South Sanford Avenue in Georgetown, an historic African-American neighborhood in Sanford, Florida. The earliest known occupant of this lot was D. O. Brown, who resided there in 1917. Mrs. S. L. Brown operated her meat business here from approximately 1924 to 1926. Stokes Fish Market, which included Suite 419 and operated by C. Brown, was located here from approximately 1947 to 1975. N. B. Baker was the first known resident of Suite 419 in 1917. This address was occupied by Goble's Supply Company Ladies' Wear in 1926, Lenon Solomon's restaurant in 1947, and Don's Market in 1952. By 1965, Stokes Fish Market had expanded to include Suites 417-419. Despite its closing, the painted signs on the sides of the building have remained as a landmark. Kathy Hull has lead a project with the Sanford Historic Trust to preserve the signs. During the 2008 presidential campaign, the site was used as a campaign office for Barack Obama and Joe Biden. At the time that this photograph was taken in January 2012, both suites were unoccupied.
The lot located at 412-418 South Sanford Avenue in Georgetown, an historic African-American neighborhood in Sanford, Florida. The earliest known residents of this lot were both African Americans: Randall Turner in 1911 and Gilmore Felder in 1917. In that same year, Turner was also listed as resident of 410 S. Sanford Ave. By 1924, Felder had moved across the street to 413 South Sanford Avenue. In 1926, J. W. Williams, a black businessman, ran his restaurant from this address. This building was listed as vacant in 1947, but became occupied by Everybody's Hardware and by Sylvester Tavern, another black-owned business, as late as 1952. Cave Tavern was located here in 1965. The first known occupant of Suite 414 was Leamon Gaynor, an African-American barber who ran his business from this location in 1926. He had previously had his barbershop at 405 S. Sanford Ave. Between approximately 1947 and 1952, this lot was vacant. In 1965, Knights Bicycle Shop was located at this address, but moved to 303 South Sanford Avenue by 1975. The earliest known occupant of Suite 416 was Morris Cleaner & Dryer in 1926. Morris Narvis, who operated his clothing trade at 320 South Sanford Avenue in 1924, was likely the owner of this business. Black businessman Robert Burns was listed as a resident at this location in 1947. He also owned a beer store at 316 S. Sanford Ave. during that same year. Rainbow Pool Room was also listed at this address in 1947. By 1952, this lot was being occupied by Metz Shoe Shop, an African-American business. From approximately 1965 to 1975, the business operated from 422 S. Sanford Ave. under a new name: Metz Shoe Shop Repairs. It is likely that this business was owned by William Metz, a cobbler who operated his business from 321 South Sanford Avenue in 1947. In 1965, Ansley TV Service was located here, but later moved to 400 S. Sanford Ave. by 1975. In that same year, Williamson & Son Barber Shop occupied this lot. Druggist A. M. Staup was the first known occupant of Suite 418 in 1926. The Seminole Barber Shop occupied this location from approximately 1947 to 1952. The barbershop, owned by Preston Williamson, moved to 420 South Sanford Avenue by 1963 and remained there until 1969. It is likely that Williamson & Son Barber Shop was owned by Preston Williamson as well. The address was listed as vacant in 1965. In 1975, Steen's Dry Cleaners was housed here. The building was also previously occupied by Beverly's Hair Cutting. In 2011, the building was being occupied by Miracle House Healing Ministries, Inc. a non-profit religious organization established on November 1, 2003. The organization is operated by Thomas and Patricia Williams, who married on September 18, 2000. At the time that this photograph was taken in January 2012, these suites were vacant.
The lot located at 411-415 South Sanford Avenue in Georgetown, an historic African-American neighborhood in Sanford, Florida. The earliest known resident of Suite 411 was E. D. Davis in 1911, followed by Charles Stout in 1917 and Edward Davis in 1924. The Afro-American Life Insurance Company, an insurance company and financial institution for African Americans, had an office at this address in 1926. The office was originally located at 413 1/2 South Sanford Avenue in 1924 and was later moved to 301 S. Sanford Ave. from approximately 1947 to 1952. The company was founded by Abraham Lincoln Lewis and others in Jacksonville. Buying insurance had previously been difficult and unaffordable for most African Americans before Afro-American Life Insurance Co. was established in 1901. The business closed in 1990. Robert Burns was listed as resident at this location in 1947. He also owned a beer store at 316 S. Sanford Ave. during that same year. From approximately 1952 to 1975, Fannie L. Burns, presumably a relative of Robert, resided here. All of the occupants of this site listed above were African Americans. The earliest known occupant of Suite 413 was George Bennett, who also had a residence at 222 S. Sanford Ave., in 1911 and Gilmore Felder from approximately 1924 to 1926. Felder had previously resided at 412-416 S. Sanford Ave. in 1911. Esther Felder, presumably a relative of Gilmore Felder, resided at this address from approximately 1947 to 1952. All of the residents listed above were also African American. Mack Coran resided here in 1965 and the lot was vacant by 1975. H. H. McFarland, also African-American, was the first known occupant of Suite 415 in 1911. At the time that this photograph was taken in January 2012, these lot were a small enclosed area with paved walkways.
The lot located at 401-403 South Sanford Avenue in Georgetown, an historic African-American neighborhood in Sanford, Florida. The earliest known occupant of Suite 401 was Sanford Ice and Cold Storage in 1887. The first known residents were W. M. Burnett, an African American, in 1911 and Mrs. L. W. Caldwell in 1917. African-American confectioner H. L. Duhart ran his business from this location in 1924. Duhart had previously resided at 403 S. Sanford Ave. from approximately 1911 to 1924 and also had another residence at 318 S. Sanford Ave. in 1917. In that same year, Emma Rankin's restaurant was listed at Suite 401. The House of Bread Bakery was also located here sometime in the 1920s, though it is not clear if this was before or after Rankin had opened her restaurant. H & A Department Store, opened by Herman Jacobson (d. 1989) and Arthur Jacobson, was located here from approximately 1947 to 1965. By 1952, the store had expanded to include Suites 403-405. Herman's wife, Rose E. Zauderer Jacobson (1913-2009), also became a co-owner after the two married in 1934. Rose Jacobson moved to Geneva in 1925 and taught at Sanford Grammar School as a young adult. The couple also opened Ro-Jay's, a women's clothing store at 224 East First Street. Suite 401 was listed as vacant in 1975. The first known resident of Suite 403 was Duhart from approximately 1911 to 1924. Another black businessman, C. M. Walker, was also listed as resident at 403 1/2 S. Sanford Ave. in 1924. By 1926, Duhart had opened a real estate business at this address and Walker had opened his restaurant at 403 1/2. As stated above, H & A Department Store had expanded to Suites 403-405 by 1965. The first known occupant of Suite 405 was African-American resident Jack Knight in 1917, who also had a residence at 222 S. Sanford Ave. that same year. By 1924, this location was occupied by Leamon Gaynor, an African-American barber. Gaynor moved to 414 South Sanford Avenue in around 1926. As stated above, H & A Department Store had expanded to Suites 403-405 by 1965. At the time that this photograph was taken in January 2012, this building was vacant. On March 7, 2012, Jason Turner's application for a Faade Improvement Grant for the building was approved by the Sanford Community Redevelopment Agency for $20,000.
The lot located at 400-402 South Sanford Avenue in Georgetown, an historic African-American neighborhood in Sanford, Florida. The earliest known residents of Suite 400 were J. I. Anderson, Harry Wray, and S. Comick in 1911. J. M. Stumon was listed at 400 1/2 S. Sanford Ave. Anderson was an Inspector of Marks and Brands for districts 2 and 3 in Sanford in from 1917 to 1920. By 1917, Stumon became the sole resident of this lot and by 1924, he was running his grocery from this location, although he was replaced by another grocer, C. J. Coleman, in 1926. This lot was then occupied by Table Supply Stores Grocery in 1947 and then the County Veterans Institute, which also included Suite 402, in 1952. In 1965, the Jenkins Furniture Company New & Used was listed at this address. By 1975, Ansley TV Service had moved here from 416 South Sanford Avenue. By 1917, Wray had moved next door to 402 S. Sanford Ave. In 1924, both J. H. Tillis Meats and G. E. deHeredia Dry Goods. In that same year, The restaurant of Garfield Young, who lived at 404 S. Sanford Ave., was listed at 402 1/2 South Sanford Avenue. By 1926, deHeredia's store was replaced by E. Mable Saints Fruits. At the time that this photograph was taken in January 2012, this building was occupied by Exact Plumbing, Inc.
The lots located at 323-329 South Sanford Avenue in Georgetown, an historic African-American neighborhood in Sanford, Florida. The earliest known occupant of Suite 323 was African-American resident K. S. Johnson in 1911. Three-In-One Store was listed at this address in 1917 and J. A. Sands ran his plumbing business from this location in 1926. FMB 5-10 & 25c Store operated from this lot from approximately 1947 to 1952, though the business moved to Suite 321 by 1965. The earliest known occupant of Suite 325 was A. E. Dobbins Shoe Repair in 1924. J. J. Melton worked as an electrician at from this address in 1924. By 1926, Melton moved his new business, Melton Electric Company, to 321 South Sanford Avenue. That same year, Hopkins Shoe Shop was listed at this address. Suite 325 housed Hopkins Grocery & Market in 1947 and Bill Harvey's Home Service Company Radio Sales & Service in 1952. F. A. Stone, a grocer, was the first known occupant of 327 S. Sanford Ave. in 1924. Stone operated his business from this location from approximately 1924 to 1926. He had previously managed the Palm Leaf Broom Straw Company, located at the corner of South Oak Avenue and West Eighth Street, in 1917. The earliest known resident of Suite 329 was C. H. Leffler in 1917. Leffler was one of the four men from Sanford who planned an expedition to Alaska during the Gold Rush of 1898. The others included: Dolph Edwards, Charles H. Beck, and Eugene Muller. Leffler only got as far as Seattle, Washington in February, where he decided to open a grocery and supply store. He returned to Sanford in May 1898. By 1947, Lovett's Grocery was occupying this lot, followed by Tip Top Super Market in 1965 and Park & Shop in 1975. At the time that these photographs were taken in January 2012, 232-327 Sanford Avenue was vacant with no buildings. Sanford Supermarket was occupying at 329 South Sanford Avenue. and Gator Auto Insurance, located at 345 South Sanford Avenue, can also be seen in this photograph.
The lots located at 320-326 South Sanford Avenue in Georgetown, an historic African-American neighborhood in Sanford, Florida. The earliest known occupants of Suite 320 were two African-American residents: J. L. Johnson in 1911 and Samuel Benjamin in 1917. By 1924, Morris Narvis was running his clothing business from this location. Morris was also likely the owner of Morris Cleaner & Dyer, another clothes cleaning business located at 416 South Sanford Avenue in 1926. Joseph Berson Ladies' Wear was listed at this address in 1926. The earliest known occupants of 322 S. Sanford Ave. were two African-American residents: Mack Battle in 1911 and Elvy McClaine in 1917. From approximately 1924 to 1926, Dimitios Cavoura ran his grocery from this location. W. S. Broderick, a local poultry dealer, was the earliest known resident of Suite 322 in 1911. In 1910, Broderick was beaten and robbed of $20 after leaving his business, which was also located on South Sanford Avenue. In 1917, Rivers Brothers was listed at this address. From approximately 1924 to 1926, W. T. Klicker Meats was located here. Klicker, the store's owner, resided at 133 South Sanford Avenue in 1917. Outlet - The Department Store, which originally encompassed Suites 322-326 in 1947, was expanded to include Suite 320 by 1952. In 1965, Sanford Feed Store was located at Suite 320 and Suite 322 was listed as vacant. By 1975, the Friendly Cafe, Fine & Dandy Wig Shop, and Tom & Joe's Variety Store were operating from Suite 320, Suite 322, and Suite 324, respectively. The cafe had previously been located at 309 South Sanford Avenue. At the time that this photograph was taken in January 2012, this lot was used as a parking lot for Diamond Glass Company, Inc. Diamond Glass Co. is a glass installation business based in Alpharetta, Georgia, with a Sanford location at 305 Palmetto Avenue. The earliest known occupant of Suite 326 was the Beehive Inc. Department Store in 1924, as well as Dr. G. E. Sargeant, an African-American physician, who housed his office in the rear of the building. By 1926, Dave's Store, a department store, was located here. Outlet - The Department Store, which originally encompassed Suites 322-326 in 1947, was expanded to include Suite 320 by 1952. Suite 326 housed Mooney's Appliance Service in 1965 and C & C Liquor Store in 1975. C & C was originally owned by grocer and Italian immigrant Batista Ceresoli and his wife Carolina C. Ceresoli from approximately 1947 to 1965, when the liquor store was located at 312 South Sanford Avenue. Their son, Martin Q. Ceresoli, later owned the liquor store until his death on January 27, 1997. At the time that this photograph was taken in January 2012, this lot was vacant with no building.
The lots located at 319-323 South Sanford Avenue in Georgetown, an historic African-American neighborhood in Sanford, Florida. The earliest known occupant of Suite 319 was African-American resident R. S. Johnson in 1911. In 1926, the African-American-owned business called the Sanford Garage was located here, but the garage had moved to 317 South Sanford Avenue by 1926. Model Beauty Shop, another black-owned business, was listed at this address in 1947. In 1952, the building at this address housed four businesses: Jerry's Arcade and Brown's Studio Photography, an African-American business, on the first floor; the office of Julius Ringling, a black dentist, and Dr. George E. Starke, a black physician. It is possible that George E. Starke was actually Dr. George H. Starke (ca. 1899-ca.1979), who opened his practice in Sanford in 1927. D. C. Brock, an African-American businessman, was the first known resident of Suite 321 in 1911. By 1917, Brock had moved to 314 South Sanford Avenue and by 1924, he was operating his tailoring business from that same address. He later moved to 612 South Sanford Avenue and in 1946, allowed black baseball players, including Jackie Robinson, to stay at in his home. In 1924, Dixie Furniture Company was listed at 321 South Sanford Avenue. By 1926, the furniture business had moved to 318 South Sanford Avenue and the Melton Electric Company had opened at this address. J. J. Melton, most likely the owner of Melton Electric Company, had previously worked as an electrician at 325 South Sanford Avenue in 1924. In 1947, cobbler William Metz operated his business from this location. Metz was likely the owner of Metz Shoe Shop Repairs, which was located at 422 South Sanford Avenue from approximately 1965 to 1975. By 1965, Suite 321 was housing FMB 5-10 & 25c Store, which had previously been located at 323 South Sanford Avenue from approximately 1947 to 1952. K.S. Johnson, an African-American resident, was the first known occupant of Suite 323 in 1911. The Three-In-One Store was listed at this address in 1917 and J. A. Sands ran his plumbing business from this location in 1926. As stated above, FMB 5-10 & 25c Store operated from this lot from approximately 1947 to 1952, although the business moved to Suite 321 by 1965. At the time that these photographs were taken in January 2012, Suites 321-323 were vacant lots with no buildings. Sanford Supermarket, located at 329 South Sanford Avenue, can also be seen in this photograph.
The lots located at 314-316 South Sanford Avenue in Georgetown, an historic African-American neighborhood in Sanford, Florida. The earliest known occupant of Suite 314 an African-American resident named A. Brooks in 1911. By 1917, D.C. Brock, a black businessman, resided at this location. Brock had previously been listed as resident at 321 South Sanford Avenue in 1911. By 1924, he had been operating his tailoring business from this address. Brock later moved to 612 South Sanford Avenue and in 1946, allowed black baseball players, including Jackie Robinson, to stay at in his home. In 1926, Abraham Oeovitz's dry goods store was listed at 314 South Sanford Avenue. African-American resident Jere Jackson was the first known occupant of Suite 316 in 1911. In 1917, O. H. Gramling, a black businessman, resided at this location and later ran his restaurant 318 South Sanford Avenue in 1924. From approximately 1924 to 1926, Harry Bandel operated his clothing shop here. Eaverly's Drug Store, another African-American-owned business, was listed at this address in 1947 and Stapler Pharmacy was open here from approximately 1952 to 1965. At the time that this photograph was taken in January 2012, Suites 314-316 were vacant with no building.
The lots located at 313-317 South Sanford Avenue in Georgetown, an historic African-American neighborhood in Sanford, Florida. The earliest known occupant of Suite 313 was an African-American resident named Burton Williams in 1911. The Diamond Place was listed at this address in 1917 and Thomas Mosley, a black grocer, operated his store here in 1924. The lot was listed as vacant in 1926 and again in 1947. In 1952, Irma Gibson, another black business owner, ran her restaurant at this location. The black business called C.W. & A. Blanding was the first known occupant of Suite 315 in 1911. From approximately 1917 to 1924, Z. J. Jerry, another black resident, was listed at this address and the Peoples Drug Store, an African-American business, was located in Suite 317. The Peoples Drug Store had moved to Suites 315 by 1926 and Jerry's residence was listed at 315 1/2 South Sanford Avenue. By that same year, Sanford Garage, another black-owned business, had moved to Suite 317 from 319 South Sanford Avenue. By 1947, Jerry was running a business as a druggist from Suite 315; however, Suites 315-317 were vacated by 1952. At the time that this photograph was taken in January 2012, Suites 313-317 were vacant with no building.
The building located at 301-305 South Sanford Avenue in Georgetown, an historic African-American neighborhood in Sanford, Florida. The earliest known occupant of Suite 301 was resident Julia Tony. W. E. Hawkins later resided at this address in 1917. By 1924, Hamrick's Cash Grocer was operating from this site and Naaman Siplin and Dora Jones were residing in 301 1/2 South Sanford Avenue. Just-Rite Grocery replaced Hamrick's by 1926. In that same year, George Williams, Eugene Slappey, Ernest Bray, Catherine Graham were residing at 301 1/2. Lonnie Cherry resided at Suite 301 1/2 in 1947 and Luke Wright resided here in 1965. From approximately 1947 to 1952, the Afro-American Life Insurance Company was listed at 301 South Sanford Avenue. The office was originally located at 413 1/2 South Sanford Avenue in 1924 and then moved next door to Suite 411 in 1926. The company, which also operated as a financial institution, was founded by Abraham Lincoln Lewis and others in Jacksonville. Buying insurance had previously been difficult and unaffordable for most African Americans before Afro-American Life Insurance Co. was established in 1901. The company closed in 1990. This particular building was listed as vacant in 1965. All of the residents listed above between 1924 and 1947 were African Americans. Hawkins & Warren was the first known occupants of Suite 303 in 1911. In 1917, G. Saucer resided at this address. By 1924, this lot was being occupied by Hawkins Brothers Meats and then by Kennington & Nesmith Meats in 1926. Ernest B. Sizemore operated his grocery store at Suite 303 in 1947 and Robert Frazer was listed as a resident at 303 1/2 South Sanford Avenue. Campbell's Fish Market was listed at this address in 1952. By 1965, this suite was vacant. In 1975, Knights Bicycle Shop was located here, after moving from 414 South Sanford Avenue sometime after 1965. The earliest known occupant of 305 South Sanford Avenue was resident William Papall in 1911. By 1917, J. D. Bonner and Dr. Edward. D. Strickland resided at this address. Dr. Strickland was a successful black dentist. By 1926, he had moved his residence to 511 South Sanford Avenue, where a new two-story house was constructed in 1930. He had originally practiced dentistry at 507 South Sanford Avenue until he moved his office to 300-302 South Sanford Avenue, where he practiced from 1926 to 1946. Judge Williams was operating his restaurant here by 1924 and Sami Boyd ran his barbershop here by 1926. Williams resided at 307 South Sanford Avenue in 1917, but he had vacated the property by 1924. By 1947, Suites 305-307 was being occupied by Howard Boteler, a wholesale confectioner. Boteler had previously been in a partner of Boteler-Jackson Company Inc., which was located at 307 South Sanford Avenue in 1926. The Boteler Howard Company, a wholesale confectioner business, was run at 500-502 South Sanford Avenue from approximately 1952 to 1965. Bill Duskin's Department Store was listed at Suite 305 in 1947 and Ezekiel's Radio Sales & Service was listed at this address in 1952. From approximately 1965 to 1975, this lot was being occupied by the Royal Palm Barber Shop. All of the occupants listed above from 1911 to 1952 were African Americans, with the exception of Boteler. At the time that this photograph was taken in January 2012, Suites 301-305 was vacant with no building.
The building located at 300-304 South Sanford Avenue in the Georgetown, an historic African-American neighborhood in Sanford, Florida. The earliest known occupant of Suite 300 was A. E. Philips, who was the only druggist in Sanford by 1892. Although Philips transferred ownership of his drugstore to his brother, Lucien R. Philips, in 1894 and established a new business in Clear Water Harbor, he still maintained residence in this location around 1911. Besides being a store owner, Philips was also a published writer on pharmaceuticals and well-respected within the community. Philips joined the Florida State Pharmaceutical Association in 1887. In 1891, he was in attendance during the fifth annual Florida State Pharmaceutical Association in Jacksonville, where he submitted a paper that won a gold medal from the association. He also addressed the issue of large department stores undercutting the prices of local pharmacies. He proposed resolutions that the association denounce the practice of cutting prices and that the druggists should do whatever they could to keep drugs from being sold in department stores. Philips was also elected to the office of president, presumably of the association. In 1917, the lot was the residence of J. M. Saucer, a representative of District 3 (which included Alachua, Clay, Duval, Lake, Marion, Orange, Putnam, Seminole, and Volusia counties) in the Florida Budget Commission from approximately 1931 to 1941. This lot was then occupied by E. Mable-Saint Drugs from approximately 1924 to 1926. Dr. Edward D. Strickland, a successful African-American dentist who previously practiced at 507 South Sanford Avenue in 1924, had his office in Suites 300-302 from 1926 until 1946. In 1926, Dr. Strickland also shared his office with Dr. O. A. Prince, a black physician. Dr. Strickland resided at 305 South Sanford Avenue in 1917 and moved to 511 South Sanford Avenue by 1926. From approximately 1947 to 1952, the Sanford Jewelry & Luggage Company was housed at this location. In 1965, the lot was occupied by Grant's Clock Shop. The lot was listed as vacant in 1975. The Knights of Pythias Hall was the first known occupant of Suite 302 in 1917. The Knights of Pythias is a secret fraternal organization that was founded by Justus H. Rathbone on February 19, 1865, in Washington, D. C. This particular chapter consisted of African-American men. William Rosseter, who was also an African American, was also listed as a resident at this address that same year. From approximately 1924 to 1926, Albert Gramling, a local black businessman, operated a billiards room at this location. During that same period, the Knights of Pythias Hall was listed at 302 1/2 South Sanford Avenue. Victory Beer Garden was listed at this address in 1947 and Victory Tavern was listed here in 1952. Both of these African-American establishments were likely under the same ownership. In 1952, the Victory Taxi Company was listed at this address, but later returned to Victory Tavern in 1965. Around 1966, the tavern's owner, Jerry Bentley, passed away and his beer and wine license was transferred to his widow, Natherine Bentley. In 1911, two occupants were listed at 304 South Sanford Avenue: A. Foster, a resident, and J. H. Lee & Company. The people who occupied this lot described below were all African Americans. Two local businesses were then run from this location: Braboy & Sapp in 1917 and Scipio Bracey's barbershop was here from approximately 1924 to 1947. From approximately 1924 to 1926, blacksmith W. O. Green ran his business in the rear side of the building. In 1947, Isaiah F. Frazier also operated his billiards room at this address. 304 1/2 South Sanford Avenue was listed as the residence of James Austin in 1947 and Louis A. Loyd in 1952. In 1952, Preston Williamson was listed as a resident at this location, as well as the Frazer & Fulton Pool Room. Williamson owned the Seminole Barber Shop, located at 420 South Sanford Avenue, from 1963 to 1969. By 1965, the Suite 304 was vacant. At the time that this photograph was taken in January 2012, Suites 300-304 were being occupied by Jason's Martini Club. Jason Turner, the owner of the club, purchased the building in 2002 and began leasing it to a tenant who opened Rhythm and Brew's. A second tenant opened the bar as Sharkey's, until Turner decided to open his own martini bar in the building called Jason's Martini Club in December 2007. Turner also opened Fat Rat's Lounge, a 1920s-style bar, at 410 South Sanford Avenue in 2010.
The lots located at 224 South Sanford Avenue in the Georgetown, an historic African-American neighborhood in Sanford, Florida. The earliest known occupant this lot was W. C. Martin, who resided here in 1911. Wilbur Forester later resided at this address in 1917. In 1917, Lou Finney was also listed as a resident at 224 1/2 South Sanford Avenue. All three of these residents were African Americans. At the time that this photograph was taken in January 2012, a parking lot was located at this address.
The lots located at 217-219 South Sanford Avenue in the Georgetown, an historic African-American neighborhood in Sanford, Florida. The earliest known occupant of Suite 217 was Rufus Sheppard, an African American who was listed as a resident here from approximately 1911 to 1917. J. V. Kendall ran a fish market here from approximately 1924 to 1926. From approximately 1947 to 1965, the Sanford Fish & Grocery Company operated from this suite, as well as the adjacent suite. Resident J. B. Williams was the first known occupant of Suite 219 from approximately 1911 to 1917. From approximately 1924 to 1926, I. F. Schwartz operated his grocery store at this location. At the time that this photograph was taken in January 2012, both suites were vacant.
The lots located at 211-215 South Sanford Avenue in the Georgetown, an historic African-American neighborhood in Sanford, Florida. The earliest known occupant of Suite 211 was Rosa McCain, who resided here in 1911. In 1917, George H. Kirkland was listed as the resident at this address. From approximately 1924 to 1926, Louisa Stevenson operated her restaurant from this site. These three occupants were all African Americans. Suites 213-215 were listed together in city directories up until the 1940s. The earliest known occupant of Suites 213-215 was Asher Kanner (1885-1976), who resided here in 1911. J. W. Knight was also listed at this address that same year. Kanner, the son of Shalom Kanner, was born in Romania on March 22, 1885. He married Fannie Kanner (1888-1949) and together they had a son named Jack Kanner. From approximately 1924 to 1926, the family operated Kanner's Department Store from this location. From approximately 1947 to 1952, Kanner Asher Clothing Store was housed in Suite 213. Kanner passed away on November 22, 1976, and is buried with his wife in Ohev Shalom Cemetery. In 1947, Suite 215 was listed as vacant, but was occupied by the Ace Glass Company in 1952. Larry's New & Used Furniture Market was housed here in 1965. At the time that this photograph was taken in January 2012, the lots were vacant with no buildings.
The lots located at 210-216 South Sanford Avenue in the Georgetown, an historic African-American neighborhood in Sanford, Florida. The earliest known occupant of Suite 210 was City Shoe Shop Repairs from approximately 1926 to 1965. By 1975, Sanford Long Rifle Shoppe was occupying this location. At the time that this photograph was taken in January 2012, this suite was housing Winnowing Church, led by Pastor Jesse Covington. By December 2013, the building was being occupied by Under the Sun Ministries. Grocer and Italian immigrant Batista Ceresoli was the first known occupant of Suite 212 in 1947. In 1952, Ceresoli's wife, Carolina C. Ceresoli, who was also a grocer, was listed at this address. The Ceresolis and their son, Martin Q. Ceresoli, moved to Central Florida from Barre, Vermont, in 1919. The family also owned C & C Liquor Store, which was located at 312 South Sanford Avenue, from approximately 1947 to 1965 and later at 326 South Sanford Avenue in 1975. Martin owned the liquor store until his death on January 27, 1997. By 1965, Suite 212 was being occupied by The Used Clothes Thrift Store. Ceresoli was also the earliest known occupant of Suite 214 from approximately 1924 to1926. Ceresoli moved his business to Suite 212 by 1947. In that same year, Suite 214 was housing the Stanley-Rogers Hardware Company, which had previously been located at 204 South Sanford Avenue in 1926. Goodwill Industries Bargain Store was listed at this address in 1965 and Lu Harriett's Variety Store was listed here in 1975. At the time that this photograph was taken, Suites 212 and 214 were vacant and Suite 216 was occupied by La Chic Styzle Inc., a full-service salon.
The lots located at 208 South Sanford Avenue in the Georgetown, an historic African-American neighborhood in Sanford, Florida. The earliest known occupant of this lot was Clark General W. Clothing in 1947. By 1952, the Sanford Shoe Center was occupying this location and Andy E. Evans was listed as a resident at 208 1/2 South Sanford Avenue. By 1965, this address was listed as vacant. In 1975, Aiken Printing operated here, but later moved to 900 South French Avenue. When this photograph was taken in January 2012, the building was again vacant and available for rent.
The lots located at 202-204 South Sanford Avenue in the Georgetown, an historic African-American neighborhood in Sanford, Florida. The earliest known occupant of 202 South Sanford Avenue was L. L. Daniel, an African American who resided here in 1911. Sanford X-Cel Store Feeds occupied this suite and its adjacent suit in 1947. In 1952, Vodopich Sales & Service Gas & Electric Appliances was listed here at Suite 202. Southern Natural Gas Company later occupied this location from approximately 1965 to 1975. At the time that this photograph was taken in January 2012, the building was housing Moon's Subs. Maurice Kronen Millinery, a hat shop named after its owner, was the first known occupant of Suite 204 in 1924. In 1926, the Stanley-Rogers Hardware Company was listed at this address, but the company moved to 214 South Sanford Avenue by 1947. Sanford X-Cel Store Feeds was occupied this suite and its adjacent suit in 1947. Rufus L. Harvey, a local plumber, housed his business at this location from approximately 1952 to 1975. By December 2013, West End Trading Company, a restaurant, bar, and club, was operating in both suites.
Lot located at 123 South Sanford Avenue in the Georgetown, an historic African-American neighborhood in Sanford, Florida. The earliest known occupant of this lot was George Latham, an African-American resident, in 1911. Lydia Goodwin, another African American, resided here in 1917 and operated a furniture business here from approximately 1924 to 1926. Kate Culmer, a black dressmaker, also ran her dress shop at this address in 1924. At the time that this photograph was taken in January 2012, the lot at 401 East First Street was expanded into this location to house a U.S. Post Office.
The lot located at 119 South Sanford Avenue in Georgetown, an historic African-American neighborhood in Sanford, Florida. The earliest known occupant of this lot was Stafford Service Station Fill Station in 1947. In 1952, Ed & Jeff's Amoco Service Station, Swain's Battery Service, and Sanford Ave Amoco Station were located at this address. At the time that this photograph was taken in January 2012, the lot at 401 East First Street was expanded into this location to house a U.S. Post Office.
The lot located at 118 South Sanford Avenue in Georgetown, an historic African-American neighborhood in Sanford, Florida. The earliest known occupant of this lot was Hunt's Tuxedo Feed Store from approximately 1947 to 1975. At the time that this photograph was taken in January 2012, this building was housing a dry cleaner. By November 2013, Ester Cleaners was located at this address.
Hunt's Tuxedo Feed Store, Georgetown, Sanford, Florida
Ester Cleaners, Georgetown, Sanford, Florida
The lots located at 110-114 South Sanford Avenue in Georgetown, an historic African-American neighborhood in Sanford, Florida. The earliest known resident of this lot was an African-American barber named F. E. Eaverly in 1911. In 1917, both Eaverly and M. H. Johnson, who was also black, were listed at this address. By 1924, the suite was being occupied by Clair & Morris, an African-American clothes cleaning business, as well as by F. E. Eaverly's barbering and watch repair shop. F. A. Lenning's restaurant and J. M. Garrett's barber shop took over this address by 1926. By 1952, Garrett had moved his business to 110 South Sanford Avenue. At the time that this photograph was taken in January 2012, Suite 110 was a vacant lot with no buildings. Joseph Daniels is the first known resident of Suite 112 from approximately 1911 to 1917. From approximately 1926 to 1947, Simons Veriety Store was located at this address. Wilson-Maier Furniture Company Annex later occupied this suite from approximately 1965 to 1975. At the time that this photograph was taken, Suite 112 was a vacant building. By November 2013, a Goodwill Self Sufficiency Job Center was located at this address. In 1965, the lot at 114 South Sanford Avenue was listed as vacant. Florida Patient Aids Inc. Hospital Supplies occupied this location as early as 1975. At the time that this photograph was taken, Suite 114 housed Angel's Soulfood & BBQ.
Clair & Morris, Georgetown, Sanford, Florida
F. E. Eaverly's Barbering and Watch Repair Shop, Georgetown, Sanford, Florida
F. A. Lenning's Restaurant, Georgetown, Sanford, Florida
J. M. Garrett's Barber Shop, Georgetown, Sanford, Florida
Simons Veriety Store, Georgetown, Sanford, Florida
Wilson-Maier Furniture Company Annex, Georgetown, Sanford, Florida
Goodwill Self Sufficiency Job Center, Georgetown, Sanford, Florida
Florida Patient Aids Inc. Hospital Supplies, Georgetown, Sanford, Florida
Angel's Soulfood & BBQ, Georgetown, Sanford, Florida
The lot located at 104 South Sanford Avenue in Georgetown, an historic African-American neighborhood in Sanford, Florida. The earliest known resident of this address was D. C. Howard in 1917. At the time that this photograph was taken in January 2012, the lot was vacant with no buildings.
A newspaper article from Florida TODAY endorsing Representative Lou Frey, Jr. (1934-2019) for reelection to the U.S. House of Representatives. Rep. Frey served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1969 to 1979. He was on several committees during his time in office, including the Select Committee on Narcotics Abuse and Control and the Science and Technology Committee. He was also the chairman of the Young Republicans of Florida. The article notably acknowledges that Rep. Frey's difficulty in getting some of his introduced bills passed was more due to the workings of the Congress than the congressman himself. This explanation sheds light on the reasons for the lack of passage of some congressional bills, including several bills introduced by Rep. Frey that would establish a Veterans Administration (VA) hospital in Brevard County.
Original newspaper article: Florida TODAY, October 1974: Lou Frey Papers, Digital Shared Files, Lou Frey Institute of Politics & Government, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.
Florida TODAY
A section of the Congressional Record of the 1976 Republican Party platform, continued from a previous page. This section contains the platform on unemployment insurance, senior citizens, veterans, and urban development. For veterans, he platform references several goals, including the maintenance and improvement of educational benefits for veterans and the Veterans Administration hospital system. Represemtatove Lou Frey, Jr. (1934-2019) notably took on these projects in his Central Florida district, although not all of his efforts passed through Congress. One of these efforts was the repeated introduction of bills to the U.S. House of Representatives that would establish a VA hospital in Brevard County. Rep. Frey served in the House from 1969 to 1979.
Original platform, 1976: Lou Frey Papers, box 11, Lou Frey Institute of Politics & Government, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.
Republican Party
DAV: The Official Voice of the Disabled American Veterans and Auxiliary, October 1974
One page of a newsletter published by the organization of Disabled American Veterans (DAV) containing an article about an award given to Representative Louis Frey, Jr. (1934-2019), who served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1969 to 1979. He was on several committees during his time in office, including the Select Committee on Narcotics Abuse and Control and the Science and Technology Committee. He was also the chairman of the Young Republicans of Florida. This award was given for Congressman Frey's legislative efforts in the House of Representatives to advocate for veterans' issues. Some of these issues included World War I veterans' compensation, veterans' education benefits, and pensions. Additionally, Rep. Frey focused his efforts on advancing Central Florida's medical facilities for veterans by introducing several bills into Congress during the 1970s that would have called for the creation of a Veterans' Administration hospital in Brevard County.
Photocopy of original newsletter, October 1974: Lou Frey Papers, Clippings Binder, Lou Frey Institute of Politics & Government, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.
Disabled American Veterans
The original idea for the Celery Soup: Florida’s Folk Life Play project came from Jeanine Taylor, the owner of a folk-art gallery on First Street in Sanford, Florida. Their first production was Touch and Go, a play focusing on the people of Sanford and their determination to overcome various obstacles, including the Freeze of 1894-1895, the fall of Sanford's celery industry, and the closing of Naval Air Station (NAS) Sanford in the 1960s. Richard Geer and Jules Corriere, partners from Community Performance International, were in charge of assessing oral histories, converting them into scenes for the play, and writing original songs. Director Geer also used an all-volunteer cast from the local community, many of whom were not experienced actors. In the process of producing the show, Creative Sanford decided to rehabilitate an historic building, the Princess Theater, which is located on 115 West First Street and owned by Stephen Tibstra.
The Princess Theater 115 West First Street Sanford, Florida 32771
Historic Sanford Welcome Center 203 East First Street Sanford, Florida 32771
Creative Sanford, Inc., Sanford, Florida
Florida From the House...To Your Home Newsletter, January 1974
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
One page from the Florida From the House...To Your Home newsletter mailed to citizens of the 9th Congressional District of Florida, represented by Representative Louis Frey, Jr. (1934-2019), who served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1969 to 1979. He was on several committees during his time in office, including the Select Committee on Narcotics Abuse and Control and the Science and Technology Committee. He was also the chairman of the Young Republicans of Florida. The first article discusses federal spending at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida. Rep. Frey states that workers at KSC and the Eastern Test Range were profiting from the upgrade of their wage schedules. According to the article, the Economic Adjustment Council, at Rep. Frey's urging, conducted an in-depth study of Brevard County and the adverse effects of federal spending cuts to the national space program. The second article continues by discussing the Brevard Growth Council, which was spawned as a result of the Economic Adjustment Council's study. The growth council focused on "attracting new industry and [o]n moving Brevard from a space-oriented economy to a self-sustaining and diversified economy." The council's actions included a study of the tourist industry in Brevard, a continuing feasibility study of Port Canaveral, and the restoration of the name "Canaveral" to the Cape. The establishment of a Veterans' Administration (VA) outpatient clinic in Orlando is the subject of the third article. Although Central Florida was the home of a large number of veterans, the region did not have a VA hospital and its other medical facilities were also largely outdated. Attempts to obtain approval to build a VA hospital in Central Florida were initially unsuccessful. Politicians like Rep. Frey attempted to pass legislation in order to establish such a hospital. An outpatient clinic was built in Orlando in the early 1970s as the issue of VA medical facilities became more prevalent due to these legislative efforts. The clinic both provided more sufficient medical care for the area's veterans and created new jobs for residents. The final article, which begins on this page and is continued on another page, is about Rep. Frey's efforts to establish a White House Conference on the Handicapped.
Original newsletter: Florida From the House...To Your Home, December 1975: Lou Frey Papers, box 11, Lou Frey Institute of Politics & Government, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.
John F. Kennedy Space Center, Titusville, Florida
Florida From the House...To Your Home Newsletter, December 1975
One page from the Florida From the House...To Your Home newsletter mailed to citizens of the 9th Congressional District of Florida, represented by Representative Louis Frey, Jr. (1934-2019), who served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1969 to 1979. He was on several committees during his time in office, including the Select Committee on Narcotics Abuse and Control and the Science and Technology Committee. He was also the chairman of the Young Republicans of Florida. The first article cites updates related to legislation on veteran's affairs. According to the article, Rep. Frey introduced legislation and testified before the House Veterans' Affairs Committee to "exclude [S]ocial [S]ecurity and other retirement benefits when determining the amount of pension due [to] a veteran." Other legislation that Rep. Frey supported included a repeal of the earnings limitation for Social Security recipients, equal treatment for widows and widowers under Social Security, the elimination of the five-month waiting period for the receipt of Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) benefits, and pensions for World War I veterans and their widows. The second article discusses renovations need for the Orlando Navy Hospital. Rep. Frey reports that Congress had approved funding for the construction of a new hospital in Central Florida. Some of the Veterans' Administration (VA) medical facilities in Central Florida were old and outdated by the 1970s. Rep. Frey and others wanted to replace them with more modern facilities in order to better serve the district's veteran population. The initial goal was to obtain a VA hospital for Brevard County, and Rep. Frey introduced legislation that would have this result. Although the legislation did not pass through Congress, the spotlight on the issue of veterans' medical care helped to encourage other advances. One example of this was Congress' funding of a new Navy hospital in Orlando, which was a much-needed replacement for the old facility. The third article focuses on the illegal narcotics trade in the United States. According to the article, Frey reintroduced the Drug Pushers Elimination Act, which called for mandatory sentences for drug dealers and insured that "they are tried quickly without being let out of bail."
Original newsletter by Lou Frey, Jr., December 1975: Lou Frey Papers, box 11, Lou Frey Institute of Politics & Government, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.
Introduction for Representative Lou Frey, Jr.'s American Legion Speech
The introduction for Representative Louis Frey, Jr.'s (1934-2019) speech before the American Legion on June 30, 1973. Rep. Frey served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1969 to 1979. He was on several committees during his time in office, including the Select Committee on Narcotics Abuse and Control and the Science and Technology Committee. He was also the chairman of the Young Republicans of Florida. During his political career, Rep. Frey tackled several veterans' issues. These issues included World War I veterans' compensation, veterans' education benefits, and pensions. Additionally, Rep. Frey focused his efforts on advancing Central Florida's medical facilities for veterans by introducing several bills into Congress during the 1970s that would have called for the creation of a Veterans' Administration hospital in Brevard County. The American Legion acknowledged these efforts on behalf of veterans during this event.
Original transcript, June 30, 1973: Lou Frey Papers, box 11, Lou Frey Institute of Politics & Government, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.
Transcript of Interview with Congressman Lou Frey, Jr.
One page from transcript of meeting with Representative Louis Frey, Jr. (1934-2019). Rep. Frey was one of the people who worked to help the City of Orlando take over the McCoy Air Force Base for civilian use after the base's closure. As a growing tourist destination, Central Florida needed sufficient means for travelers to access the area. Frey served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1969 to 1979. He was on several committees during his time in office, including the Select Committee on Narcotics Abuse and Control and the Science and Technology Committee. He was also the chairman of the Young Republicans of Florida. Frey worked with the President Richard M. Nixon's administration in order to encourage favorable conditions for the City of Orlando to gain this airport. When the airport later became an international port of entry, the tourism industry was even further benefited.
Original 1-page typed transcript: Lou Frey Papers, Clippings Binder, Lou Frey Institute of Politics & Government, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.
Orlando Jetport, McCoy Air Force Base, Orlando, Florida
Florida From the House...To Your Home Newsletter, July 1976
One page from Florida From the House...To Your Home newsletter mailed to citizens of the 9th Congressional District of Florida, represented by Representative Louis Frey, Jr. (1934-2019), who served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1969 to 1979. He was on several committees during his time in office, including the Select Committee on Narcotics Abuse and Control and the Science and Technology Committee. He was also the chairman of the Young Republicans of Florida. The first article announces that the commissary the McCoy Air Force Base Commissary in Orlando, Florida, had begun selling local produce to consumers. The second article discusses the approval of Phase Two funding for the Orlando Naval Hospital. Some of the Veterans' Administration (VA) medical facilities in Central Florida were old and outdated by the 1970s. Rep. Frey and others wanted to replace them with more modern facilities in order to better serve the district's veteran population. The initial goal was to obtain a VA hospital for Brevard County, and Rep. Frey introduced legislation that would have this result. Although the legislation didn't pass through Congress, the spotlight on the issue of veterans' medical care helped to encourage other advances. One example of this was Congress' funding of a new Navy hospital in Orlando, which was a much-needed replacement for the old facility. The third article argues the inevitability of international port-of-entry status for the Orlando Jetport. Due to increasing tourism to Central Florida, the Orlando Jetport, also known as the McCoy Air Force Base, would benefit from gaining the status as an international port of entry. This would allow international travelers to arrive directly to the area. Previously, they needed to arrive in other areas of Florida like Miami and then travel to Orlando, which impeded the increase in Central Florida's tourism. Rep. Frey was one of the people who worked to achieve this goal through methods like requesting that the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury give the matter special consideration. These efforts were successful and the jetport became an international port of entry in 1976. The fourth article is about a federal court's ruling regarding the McNamara-O'Hara Service Contract Act (SCA) of 1965. The SCA required that contractors and subcontractors pay service employees the prevailing wage—the wage rates and fringe benefits found in the prevailing locality—or the rates established by the previous contractor's collective bargaining agreement. The federal court judge ruled that the Service Contract Act "only protect[ed] blue collar workers from 'wage busting.'" According to the article, Congress introduced legislation to compensate for the ruling. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island agreed to delay re-computation of their contracts until the court appeal was resolved. Rep. Frey asked the U.S. Air Force to do the same, on behalf of contract workers for Patrick Air Force Base (PAFB). The last article discusses the Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI) and the use of solar energy in Florida. According to the article, Florida was leading the way with support from Governor Reubin Askew (1928-2014) and the Florida legislature.
Original newsletter by Lou Frey, Jr., December 1976: Lou Frey Papers, box 11, Lou Frey Institute of Politics & Government, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.
United States Capitol, Washington, D. C.
Cannon House Office Building, Washington, D. C.
Year End Report from Congressman Lou Frey, Jr. Newsletter, December 1976
Two pages from the Year End Report from Congressman Lou Frey, Jr. newsletter mailed to citizens of the 9th Congressional District of Florida, represented by Congressman Louis "Lou" Frey, Jr. (1934-2019), who served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1969 to 1979. He was on several committees during his time in office, including the Select Committee on Narcotics Abuse and Control and the Science and Technology Committee. He was also the chairman of the Young Republicans of Florida. In the first article, which is continued on both pages, Representative Frey discusses the legislative accomplishments that he made in the 94th Congress. These include an amendment to the McNamara-O'Hara Service Contract Act (SCA) of 1965; the creation of a Select Committee on Narcotics Abuse and Control in the House of Representatives; provisions for long-term financing for public broadcasting, the establishment of a U.S. Metric Board; the authorization from the Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA) for a federal program for research and development related to electric vehicle technologies; the extension of the Educational Broadcasting Facilities Program to include the distribution of information on health, education, and social services; the authorization of a rape prevention and control program in Community Health Centers, the establishment of science and technology policy. Frey also cites legislation that was passed, but compromised in committee: the extension of veterans education benefits, provisions for an unrestricted pension for World War I veterans and their widows, and the removal of the outside earnings limitation on Social Security recipients. He also discusses Congress' clash with the Executive Branch over spending bills and top priorities for the 94th Congress. The second article discusses the Veteran's Administration (VA) site evaluation of existing medical facilities for veterans in Orlando. The article also addresses public requests for an outpatient clinic for veterans in Brevard County. In the third article, Frey announces the final order to make Orlando one of the two international airport entry points in Central Florida. The Orlando Jetport was expected benefit from gaining the status as an international port of entry, which would allow international travelers, especially tourists, to arrive directly to the area. Finally, Congressman Frey discusses his appointment to the Select Committee on Narcotics Abuse and Control in the fourth article. According to Frey, the committee determined that federal efforts to prevent and control drug abuse has not been effective. As a result, the committee drafted a bill advocating for mandatory sentences for drug-related offenses and no opportunities for parole, bond, or speedy trials for non-addict drug dealers.
Brevard County Planning Department Summary Proposal Form
A summary proposal form completed by John W. Hannah of the Brevard County Planning Department. As Brevard County, Florida, began to experience rapid growth, new studies were proposed in order to figure out how best to adjust to accommodate this growth. The growth of the county was partially due to the expanding tourism industry in Central Florida that was the result of the development of attractions like Walt Disney World. Hannah proposed to investigate the development of analysis techniques for utilization of remote sensing data in urban and regional planning. The investigation would include the east Central Florida region of Brevard County, Indian River County, Lake County, Orange County, Osceola County, and Seminoles County. The data would be presented in reconstituted color infrared and computer-compatible digital magnetic tape formats.
Original summary proposal form by John W. Hannah: Lou Frey Papers, Digital Shared Files, Lou Frey Institute of Politics & Government, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.
Lou Frey Institute of Politics & Government
According to its website, "The Lou Frey Institute promotes the development of enlightened, responsible, and actively engaged citizens. The Institute works to accomplish its mission: through civic education programs that encourage thoughtful debate and discussion about current policy issues; through experiential learning programs that encourage the development of civic and political skills; by working to help strengthen the civic education capacity of Florida’s k-12 education system; and through research, policy analysis, and advocacy."
Lou Frey Institute of Politics & Government 12443 Research Parkway OTC3 Suite 406 Orlando, Florida 32826
Lou Frey Institute of Politics & Government, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
U.S. House of Representatives Bill 3231: Veterans Administration Hospital in Brevard County
A draft of a bill proposal that would call for a U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) hospital to be built in Brevard County, Florida. Central Florida didn't have its own VA hospital, so veterans had to travel to other parts of the state in order to receive medical care. Representative Lou Frey, Jr. (1934-2019), who represented the district that included Brevard, often worked to advocate for veterans issues and was the congressman who introduced the bill. Frey served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1969 to 1979. He was on several committees during his time in office, including the Select Committee on Narcotics Abuse and Control and the Science and Technology Committee. He was also the chairman of the Young Republicans of Florida.
Original U.S. House of Representatives legislative bill by Louis Frey, Jr., February 19, 1975: Lou Frey Papers, box 8, Lou Frey Institute of Politics & Government, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.
U.S. House of Representatives Bill 13771: Veterans Administration Hospital for Brevard County
A draft of a bill proposal that would call for a U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) hospital to be built in Brevard County, Florida. At the time that the legislation was being drafted, Central Florida did not have its own VA hospital. Veterans had to travel to other parts of the state in order to receive hospital care from the Veterans Administration. Representative Louis Frey, Jr. (1934-2019), who represented the district that included Brevard, worked to advocate for veterans issues and was the congressman who introduced the bill. Rep. Frey served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1969 to 1979. He was on several committees during his time in office, including the Select Committee on Narcotics Abuse and Control and the Science and Technology Committee. He was also the chairman of the Young Republicans of Florida.
Original legislative bill by Lou Frey, Jr., March 27, 1974: Lou Frey Papers, box 8, Lou Frey Institute of Politics & Government, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.
Letter Template from Representative Louis Frey, Jr., 1972
A draft of a stock response letter from U.S. Representative Louis Frey, Jr. (1934-2019) to constituents who expressed their opinion that Brevard County, Florida, needed a U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) hospital. Re. Lou Frey served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1969 to 1979. He was on several committees during his time in office, including the Select Committee on Narcotics Abuse and Control and the Science and Technology Committee. He was also the chairman of the Young Republicans of Florida. During his tenure, Central Florida had a very large veteran population but insufficient VA medical facilities. For example, the closest VA hospital to Brevard County was in St. Petersburg. To more sufficiently care for the needs of veterans in his district, Rep. Frey introduced multiple bills to Congress that would establish a VA hospital in Brevard County, although none of his bills were passed.
Original letter template from Lou Frey, Jr., 1972: Lou Frey Papers, box 6, Lou Frey Institute of Politics & Government, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.
Okay for McCoy Expected: Port of Entry Status Close
A newspaper article about the development of McCoy Air Force Base. After the McCoy AFB was fully transitioned from military to civilian use, it still lacked the status of an international port of entry. As a result, international tourists had to use other airports in Florida, such as Tampa and Miami. Due to the growth of attractions like Disney World, Central Florida was quickly developing a larger tourism industry. It was important that the airport was able to cater to international traffic so that the industry could continue to grow more effectively. Congressman Lou Frey, Jr. (1934-2019) petitioned the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury to give special consideration to the City of Orlando's bid to change the Jetport's status and this measure was successful. The second part of the article is missing,
Original newspaper article: "Okay for McCoy Expected: Port of Entry Status Close." July 14, 1976: Lou Frey Papers, Clippings Binder, Lou Frey Institute of Politics & Government, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.
Walt Disney World, Lake Buena Vista, Florida
U.S. Department of the Treasury, Washington, D.C.
A History of Central Florida, Episode 5: Hontoon Owl Totem
Episode 5 of the second season of A Hisory of Central Florida: Hontoon Owl Totem. RICHES Podcast Documentaries are short form narrative documentaries that explore Central Florida history and are locally produced. These podcasts can involve the participation or cooperation of local area partners. Episode 5 features the Hontoon Owl Totem at Hontoon Island State Park, located between the St. Johns River and the Hontoon Dead River in Volusia County, Florida. This podcast also includes interviews with Craig Morris of the Fort Caroline and the Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve, Dr. Neill J. Wallis of the University of Florida and the Florida Museum of Natural History, Dr. Jerald T. Milanich of the University of Florida, and Donna Ruhl of the Florida Museum of Natural History.
Original 12-minute and 16-second podcast by Chip Ford, November 19, 2013: "A History of Central Florida, Episode 5: Hontoon Owl Totem." RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Orlando, Florida.
RICHES
Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve
The Florida Anthropologist
Florida Memory Project
Orange County Regional History Center
Hontoon Island State Park, DeLand, Florida
Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve, Jacksonville, Florida
A History of Central Florida, Episode 4: Celts
Episode 4 of the second season of A History of Central Florida: Celts. RICHES Podcast Documentaries are short form narrative documentaries that explore Central Florida history and are locally produced. These podcasts can involve the participation or cooperation of local area partners. Episode 4 features a discussion of celts, a pre-Columbian tool used by Native Americans in Central Florida. This podcast also includes interviews with Dr. Jon Endonino of the University of Florida, George Long of the University of Central Florida, and Dr. Jerald T. Milanich of the University of Florida.
Original 10-minute and 56-second podcast by Robert Cassanello, November 19, 2013: "A History of Central Florida, Episode 4: Celts." RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Orlando, Florida.
Silver River Museum and Environmental Education Center
Silver River Museum and Environmental Education Center, Ocala, Florida
A History of Central Florida, Episode 3: Indian Canoes
Episode 3 of the second season of A History of Central Florida: Indian Canoes. RICHES Podcast Documentaries are short form narrative documentaries that explore Central Florida history and are locally produced. These podcasts can involve the participation or cooperation of local area partners. Episode 3 features a discussion of the canoe transportation networks used by Native Americans in Central Florida during the Archaic Period. This podcast also includes interviews with Dr. Jerald T. Milanich of the University of Florida, Dr. Mark Howard Long of the University of Central Florida, and Donna Ruhl of the Florida Museum of Natural History.
Original 13-minute and 29-second podcast by Chip Ford, November 19, 2013: "A History of Central Florida, Episode 3: Indian Canoes." RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Orlando, Florida.
Kate's Fish Camp
Orange County Regional History Center, Orlando, Florida
Osceola County Welcome Center and History Museum, Kissimmee, Florida
A History of Central Florida, Episode 2: Ceramic Pots
Episode 2 of the second season of A History of Central Florida: Ceramic Pots. RICHES Podcast Documentaries are short form narrative documentaries that explore Central Florida history and are locally produced. These podcasts can involve the participation or cooperation of local area partners. Episode 2 features a discussion of the ceramic pots displayed at the New Smyrna Museum of History, located at 120 Sams Avenue in New Smyrna Beach, Florida. This podcast also includes interviews with Dr. Neill J. Wallis of the University of Florida and the Florida Museum of Natural History and Dr. Jerald T. Milanich of the University of Florida.
Original 11-minute and 30-second podcast by Katie Kelley, November 19, 2013: "A History of Central Florida, Episode 2: Ceramic Pots." RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Orlando, Florida.
Florida Museum of Natural History
New Smyrna Museum of History, New Smyrna Beach, Florida
A History of Central Florida, Episode 1: Windover Burial Site
Episode 1 of the second season of A History of Central Florida: Windover Burial Site. RICHES Podcast Documentaries are short form narrative documentaries that explore Central Florida history and are locally produced. These podcasts can involve the participation or cooperation of local area partners. Episode 1 features the Windover Burial Site in Brevard County, Florida. This podcast also includes interviews with Rachel K. Wentz of the Florida Public Archaeology Network, Dr. Jerald T. Milanich of the University of Florida, and Dr. Glen Doran of Florida State University. The Windover Archaeological Site was discovered in 1982 and funding to excavate the pond was awarded in 1984. Windover Pond, along with other sites excavated since 1970, contributed to the major reassessment of Florida's Archaic Period.
Original 14-minute and 4-second podcast by Chip Ford, November 19, 2013: "A History of Central Florida, Episode 1: Windover Burial Site." RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Orlando, Florida.
Florida Department of State Division of Historical Resources
Windover Burial Site, Brevard County, Florida
Seminole County Public Schools Teachers and Salaries, 1913-1954
Seminole County Public Schools' Teacher Records from 1913 to 1954. When the Seminole County School Board was established in 1913, it began recording teachers' names, ages, certifications, years of experience, number of months contracted, and salaries in a loose-leaf ledger. Over the years, the records began including new categories of information, such as home addresses and colleges/universities attended. In total, the ledger includes 116 pages and details the teachers employed at both Caucasian and African-American schools. Schools were located in various towns in Seminole County including Sanford, Lake Mary, Geneva, Longwood, Oviedo, Clyde, Gabriella, Altamonte Springs, Chuluota, Paola, Lake Monroe, Goldsboro, Markham, Forest City, Curryville, and Midway-Canaan.
Seminole County School Board
Original ledger by Seminole County School Board: Seminole County Public School System Collection, box 2, folder 1A, UCF Public History Center, Sanford, Florida.
Geneva Elementary School, Geneva, Florida
Goldsboro Primary School, Goldsboro, Sanford, Florida
Forest City Elementary School, Forest City, Altamonte Springs, Florida
Midway Elementary School, Midway, Sanford, Florida
Kolokee School, Kolokee, Geneva, Florida
Hopper Academy, Georgetown, Sanford, Florida
Crooms High School, Goldsboro, Sanford, Florida
Wilson Elementary School, Sanford, Florida
Seminole-Rosenwald School, Altamonte Springs, Florida
Letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford (December 15, 1886)
A letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford dated December 16, 1886. Macfarlane was the secretary for the Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) from 1884 until its dissolution in 1892. Presumably, he worked in the company's main office, located at 13 Austin Friars in the business district of London, United Kingdom. In this letter, Macfarlane acknowledged receipt and forwarding of newspaper clippings sent by Henry Sanford and intended for Sir William Mackinnon. Macfarlane also offered a brief update of various remittances for the company's loans. The Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) was a joint-stock venture that invested in Florida land development and sales in the 1880s and early 1890s. The company was formed by Henry Shelton Sanford (1823-1891) with help from a group of British investors. The original impetus for the company's formation was Sanford's inability to continue his land acquisition and development efforts in Florida independently. In 1879, faced with financial difficulties, Sanford turned to a trusted associate in the United Kingdom, a Scottish industrialist named Sir William Mackinnon (1823-1893), to help him attract investors. The formation of the company was in large part due to the efforts of MacKinnon, whose reputation and influence helped bring investors on board. Located at 13 Austin Friars, the company was officially registered in London on June 10, 1880. With the formation of the FLCC, all of Henry Sanford's Florida properties were transferred to the company in exchange for a £10,000 cash payment and another £50,000 in company stock. The one-time cash payment was a needed reprieve for Sanford, who faced financial difficulties by the end of the 1870s. The board of directors included Mackinnon, as well as W. C. Gray and Edwyn Sandys Dawes, partners in Gray-Dawes and Company, a London-based banking and investment house. Other directors included Alexander Fraser, Anthony Norris, George A. Thomson, and Eli Lee. Sanford was named President and Chairman of the Board. In 1880, the company owned 26,000 acres scattered across Florida, including in the cities of Jacksonville, St. Augustine, and Sanford, as well as in Alachua County and Marion County. Almost from the outset, there was serious friction between the British board members and Henry Sanford. Disagreements erupted over business strategy, as Sanford frequently proposed initiatives deemed too bold for the cautious British investors. From 1882 to 1892, the company saw steady, if meager, profits. Most of its income came from the sale of lots in the city of Sanford. From 1885 until 1890, the company, while remaining solvent, continued to see declining profits. From 1886 to 1890, the profits were so modest that the company declined to pay dividends on its yearly profits. Needed improvements and developments in the city of Sanford during the late 1880s sapped much of the company's income. Following Henry Sanford's death in 1891, many of the investors lost the motivation to continue. On September 15, 1892, the various directors acted to dissolve the company. Its assets, including roughly 65,000 acres of Florida land, were divided among shareholders.
Original letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford, December 15, 1886: box 54, folder 1, subfolder 54.1.19, Henry Shelton Sanford Papers, General Henry S. Sanford Memorial Library, Sanford Museum, Sanford, Florida.
Florida Land and Colonization Company, London, England, United Kingdom
Manayunk Bank, Manayunk, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford (December 9, 1886)
A letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford dated December 9, 1886. Macfarlane was the secretary for the Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) from 1884 until its dissolution in 1892. Presumably, he worked in the company's main office, located at 13 Austin Friars in the business district of London, United Kingdom. In this letter, Macfarlane acknowledged confirmation of an earlier telegram he sent to Henry Sanford. According to Macfarlane, the earlier telegram noted that William Beardall, the FLCC's local agent based in Sanford, Florida, was offered $40,000 for 2,600 acres and a township in Polk County. The Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) was a joint-stock venture that invested in Florida land development and sales in the 1880s and early 1890s. The company was formed by Henry Shelton Sanford (1823-1891) with help from a group of British investors. The original impetus for the company's formation was Sanford's inability to continue his land acquisition and development efforts in Florida independently. In 1879, faced with financial difficulties, Sanford turned to a trusted associate in the United Kingdom, a Scottish industrialist named Sir William Mackinnon (1823-1893), to help him attract investors. The formation of the company was in large part due to the efforts of MacKinnon, whose reputation and influence helped bring investors on board. Located at 13 Austin Friars, the company was officially registered in London on June 10, 1880. With the formation of the FLCC, all of Henry Sanford's Florida properties were transferred to the company in exchange for a £10,000 cash payment and another £50,000 in company stock. The one-time cash payment was a needed reprieve for Sanford, who faced financial difficulties by the end of the 1870s. The board of directors included Mackinnon, as well as W. C. Gray and Edwyn Sandys Dawes, partners in Gray-Dawes and Company, a London-based banking and investment house. Other directors included Alexander Fraser, Anthony Norris, George A. Thomson, and Eli Lee. Sanford was named President and Chairman of the Board. In 1880, the company owned 26,000 acres scattered across Florida, including in the cities of Jacksonville, St. Augustine, and Sanford, as well as in Alachua County and Marion County. Almost from the outset, there was serious friction between the British board members and Henry Sanford. Disagreements erupted over business strategy, as Sanford frequently proposed initiatives deemed too bold for the cautious British investors. From 1882 to 1892, the company saw steady, if meager, profits. Most of its income came from the sale of lots in the city of Sanford. From 1885 until 1890, the company, while remaining solvent, continued to see declining profits. From 1886 to 1890, the profits were so modest that the company declined to pay dividends on its yearly profits. Needed improvements and developments in the city of Sanford during the late 1880s sapped much of the company's income. Following Henry Sanford's death in 1891, many of the investors lost the motivation to continue. On September 15, 1892, the various directors acted to dissolve the company. Its assets, including roughly 65,000 acres of Florida land, were divided among shareholders.
Original letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford, December 9, 1886: box 54, folder 1, subfolder 54.1.18, Henry Shelton Sanford Papers, General Henry S. Sanford Memorial Library, Sanford Museum, Sanford, Florida.
Note from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford
An undated note from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford. Macfarlane was the secretary for the Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) from 1884 until its dissolution in 1892. Presumably, he worked in the company's main office, located at 13 Austin Friars in the business district of London, United Kingdom. In this note, Macfarlane promised to send to Henry Sanford a collection of reports and documents related to the company's Florida property. The Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) was a joint-stock venture that invested in Florida land development and sales in the 1880s and early 1890s. The company was formed by Henry Shelton Sanford (1823-1891) with help from a group of British investors. The original impetus for the company's formation was Sanford's inability to continue his land acquisition and development efforts in Florida independently. In 1879, faced with financial difficulties, Sanford turned to a trusted associate in the United Kingdom, a Scottish industrialist named Sir William Mackinnon (1823-1893), to help him attract investors. The formation of the company was in large part due to the efforts of MacKinnon, whose reputation and influence helped bring investors on board. Located at 13 Austin Friars, the company was officially registered in London on June 10, 1880. With the formation of the FLCC, all of Henry Sanford's Florida properties were transferred to the company in exchange for a £10,000 cash payment and another £50,000 in company stock. The one-time cash payment was a needed reprieve for Sanford, who faced financial difficulties by the end of the 1870s. The board of directors included Mackinnon, as well as W. C. Gray and Edwyn Sandys Dawes, partners in Gray-Dawes and Company, a London-based banking and investment house. Other directors included Alexander Fraser, Anthony Norris, George A. Thomson, and Eli Lee. Sanford was named President and Chairman of the Board. In 1880, the company owned 26,000 acres scattered across Florida, including in the cities of Jacksonville, St. Augustine, and Sanford, as well as in Alachua County and Marion County. Almost from the outset, there was serious friction between the British board members and Henry Sanford. Disagreements erupted over business strategy, as Sanford frequently proposed initiatives deemed too bold for the cautious British investors. From 1882 to 1892, the company saw steady, if meager, profits. Most of its income came from the sale of lots in the city of Sanford. From 1885 until 1890, the company, while remaining solvent, continued to see declining profits. From 1886 to 1890, the profits were so modest that the company declined to pay dividends on its yearly profits. Needed improvements and developments in the city of Sanford during the late 1880s sapped much of the company's income. Following Henry Sanford's death in 1891, many of the investors lost the motivation to continue. On September 15, 1892, the various directors acted to dissolve the company. Its assets, including roughly 65,000 acres of Florida land, were divided among shareholders.
Original note from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford: box 54, folder 1, subfolder 54.1.17, Henry Shelton Sanford Papers, General Henry S. Sanford Memorial Library, Sanford Museum, Sanford, Florida.
Letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford (November 20, 1886)
A letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford dated November 20, 1886. Macfarlane was the secretary for the Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) from 1884 until its dissolution in 1892. Presumably, he worked in the company's main office, located at 13 Austin Friars in the business district of London, United Kingdom. This letter concerned a request made previously by Sanford for a "stamped transfer form" meant for the transfer of shares and debentures. According to the letter, Macfarlane had included a set of stamps, which acted as an obligatory duty on the transfer of shares. The stamps, he noted, "can be affixed to a transfer deed after execution." It is unclear what shares or debentures Sanford intended to transfer. The Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) was a joint-stock venture that invested in Florida land development and sales in the 1880s and early 1890s. The company was formed by Henry Shelton Sanford (1823-1891) with help from a group of British investors. The original impetus for the company's formation was Sanford's inability to continue his land acquisition and development efforts in Florida independently. In 1879, faced with financial difficulties, Sanford turned to a trusted associate in the United Kingdom, a Scottish industrialist named Sir William Mackinnon (1823-1893), to help him attract investors. The formation of the company was in large part due to the efforts of MacKinnon, whose reputation and influence helped bring investors on board. Located at 13 Austin Friars, the company was officially registered in London on June 10, 1880. With the formation of the FLCC, all of Henry Sanford's Florida properties were transferred to the company in exchange for a £10,000 cash payment and another £50,000 in company stock. The one-time cash payment was a needed reprieve for Sanford, who faced financial difficulties by the end of the 1870s. The board of directors included Mackinnon, as well as W. C. Gray and Edwyn Sandys Dawes, partners in Gray-Dawes and Company, a London-based banking and investment house. Other directors included Alexander Fraser, Anthony Norris, George A. Thomson, and Eli Lee. Sanford was named President and Chairman of the Board. In 1880, the company owned 26,000 acres scattered across Florida, including in the cities of Jacksonville, St. Augustine, and Sanford, as well as in Alachua County and Marion County. Almost from the outset, there was serious friction between the British board members and Henry Sanford. Disagreements erupted over business strategy, as Sanford frequently proposed initiatives deemed too bold for the cautious British investors. From 1882 to 1892, the company saw steady, if meager, profits. Most of its income came from the sale of lots in the city of Sanford. From 1885 until 1890, the company, while remaining solvent, continued to see declining profits. From 1886 to 1890, the profits were so modest that the company declined to pay dividends on its yearly profits. Needed improvements and developments in the city of Sanford during the late 1880s sapped much of the company's income. Following Henry Sanford's death in 1891, many of the investors lost the motivation to continue. On September 15, 1892, the various directors acted to dissolve the company. Its assets, including roughly 65,000 acres of Florida land, were divided among shareholders.
Original letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford, November 20, 1886: box 54, folder 1, subfolder 54.1.16, Henry Shelton Sanford Papers, General Henry S. Sanford Memorial Library, Sanford Museum, Sanford, Florida.
Letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford (November 16, 1886)
A letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford dated November 16, 1886. Macfarlane was the secretary for the Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) from 1884 until its dissolution in 1892. Presumably, he worked in the company's main office, located at 13 Austin Friars in the business district of London, United Kingdom. In this letter, Macfarlane discussed several changing circumstances related to the company. First, he acknowledged that Henry Sanford would travel to America in order "to supervise the Company's affairs in Florida." This development was the result of several years of meager profits deemed "too small a scale to cover expenses [and] interest." As Macfarlane expressed to Sanford, "it is hoped that you may be able to infuse more life into the business." The letter also explained and justified the decision to name William Beardall as the successor to E. R. Trafford as the company's chief agent in Florida. Though Beardall "lacked some essentials for actively pushing sales," his lengthy tenure with the company and prior employment in Sir William MacKinnon's operations in East Africa had rendered him a "steady [and] trustworthy" employee in the eyes of the company. The letter reflected the company's ongoing challenges in finding steady and robust means of profit in its efforts to sell Florida land. The Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) was a joint-stock venture that invested in Florida land development and sales in the 1880s and early 1890s. The company was formed by Henry Shelton Sanford (1823-1891) with help from a group of British investors. The original impetus for the company's formation was Sanford's inability to continue his land acquisition and development efforts in Florida independently. In 1879, faced with financial difficulties, Sanford turned to a trusted associate in the United Kingdom, a Scottish industrialist named Sir William Mackinnon (1823-1893), to help him attract investors. The formation of the company was in large part due to the efforts of MacKinnon, whose reputation and influence helped bring investors on board. Located at 13 Austin Friars, the company was officially registered in London on June 10, 1880. With the formation of the FLCC, all of Henry Sanford's Florida properties were transferred to the company in exchange for a £10,000 cash payment and another £50,000 in company stock. The one-time cash payment was a needed reprieve for Sanford, who faced financial difficulties by the end of the 1870s. The board of directors included Mackinnon, as well as W. C. Gray and Edwyn Sandys Dawes, partners in Gray-Dawes and Company, a London-based banking and investment house. Other directors included Alexander Fraser, Anthony Norris, George A. Thomson, and Eli Lee. Sanford was named President and Chairman of the Board. In 1880, the company owned 26,000 acres scattered across Florida, including in the cities of Jacksonville, St. Augustine, and Sanford, as well as in Alachua County and Marion County. Almost from the outset, there was serious friction between the British board members and Henry Sanford. Disagreements erupted over business strategy, as Sanford frequently proposed initiatives deemed too bold for the cautious British investors. From 1882 to 1892, the company saw steady, if meager, profits. Most of its income came from the sale of lots in the city of Sanford. From 1885 until 1890, the company, while remaining solvent, continued to see declining profits. From 1886 to 1890, the profits were so modest that the company declined to pay dividends on its yearly profits. Needed improvements and developments in the city of Sanford during the late 1880s sapped much of the company's income. Following Henry Sanford's death in 1891, many of the investors lost the motivation to continue. On September 15, 1892, the various directors acted to dissolve the company. Its assets, including roughly 65,000 acres of Florida land, were divided among shareholders.
Original letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford, November 16, 1886: box 54, folder 1, subfolder 54.1.15, Henry Shelton Sanford Papers, General Henry S. Sanford Memorial Library, Sanford Museum, Sanford, Florida.
Letter and Statement from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford (October 2, 1885)
A letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford dated October 2, 1885. Macfarlane was the secretary for the Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) from 1884 until its dissolution in 1892. Presumably, he worked in the company's main office, located at 13 Austin Friars in the business district of London, United Kingdom. Attached to this letter was a small table listing the monetary amount of the company's total sales, property accounts, town improvements, as well as a listing of profit and loss for the years from 1881 to 1885. Macfarlane noted that the company's earnings from sales were appropriated, applying credit to the property accounts to cover the cost of sale as well as an additional quarter of the profit. The remaining balance was then distributed to the shareholders as dividends. Based on the chart, it appears that between 1881 and 1885 the company earned £51,492, of which £28,214 was distributed to shareholders in the form of dividends. The Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) was a joint-stock venture that invested in Florida land development and sales in the 1880s and early 1890s. The company was formed by Henry Shelton Sanford (1823-1891) with help from a group of British investors. The original impetus for the company's formation was Sanford's inability to continue his land acquisition and development efforts in Florida independently. In 1879, faced with financial difficulties, Sanford turned to a trusted associate in the United Kingdom, a Scottish industrialist named Sir William Mackinnon (1823-1893), to help him attract investors. The formation of the company was in large part due to the efforts of MacKinnon, whose reputation and influence helped bring investors on board. Located at 13 Austin Friars, the company was officially registered in London on June 10, 1880. With the formation of the FLCC, all of Henry Sanford's Florida properties were transferred to the company in exchange for a £10,000 cash payment and another £50,000 in company stock. The one-time cash payment was a needed reprieve for Sanford, who faced financial difficulties by the end of the 1870s. The board of directors included Mackinnon, as well as W. C. Gray and Edwyn Sandys Dawes, partners in Gray-Dawes and Company, a London-based banking and investment house. Other directors included Alexander Fraser, Anthony Norris, George A. Thomson, and Eli Lee. Sanford was named President and Chairman of the Board. In 1880, the company owned 26,000 acres scattered across Florida, including in the cities of Jacksonville, St. Augustine, and Sanford, as well as in Alachua County and Marion County. Almost from the outset, there was serious friction between the British board members and Henry Sanford. Disagreements erupted over business strategy, as Sanford frequently proposed initiatives deemed too bold for the cautious British investors. From 1882 to 1892, the company saw steady, if meager, profits. Most of its income came from the sale of lots in the city of Sanford. From 1885 until 1890, the company, while remaining solvent, continued to see declining profits. From 1886 to 1890, the profits were so modest that the company declined to pay dividends on its yearly profits. Needed improvements and developments in the city of Sanford during the late 1880s sapped much of the company's income. Following Henry Sanford's death in 1891, many of the investors lost the motivation to continue. On September 15, 1892, the various directors acted to dissolve the company. Its assets, including roughly 65,000 acres of Florida land, were divided among shareholders.
Original letter and statement from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford, October 2, 1885: box 54, folder 1, subfolder 54.1.14, Henry Shelton Sanford Papers, General Henry S. Sanford Memorial Library, Sanford Museum, Sanford, Florida.
Letter and Statement from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford (September 29, 1885)
A letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford dated September 29, 1885. Macfarlane was the secretary for the Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) from 1884 until its dissolution in 1892. Presumably, he worked in the company's main office, located at 13 Austin Friars in the business district of London, United Kingdom. Attached to this letter is a statement listing the various acreage and book values of the company's property in Florida. The statement noted that as of September 1885 the company owned some 79,632.72 acres valued collectively at £84,262.12. At the time, the company owned land scattered throughout Florida in Alachua, Brevard, Hernando, Hillsboro, Manatee, Marion, Monroe, Orange, Polk, Sumter, and Volusia counties. It also owned settlements named Middleground and Anclote. Lastly, the company owned large tracts of land, including the Powell Grant and Sanford Grant, as well as the entire town of Sanford. At the time, the largest single property was the Sanford Grant at 7,813.42 acres. The county with the most scattered land held by the company was Polk County at 21,661.84 acres. The county with the smallest amount of land owned by the company was Volusia County, with only 79.91 acres. The Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) was a joint-stock venture that invested in Florida land development and sales in the 1880s and early 1890s. The company was formed by Henry Shelton Sanford (1823-1891) with help from a group of British investors. The original impetus for the company's formation was Sanford's inability to continue his land acquisition and development efforts in Florida independently. In 1879, faced with financial difficulties, Sanford turned to a trusted associate in the United Kingdom, a Scottish industrialist named Sir William Mackinnon (1823-1893), to help him attract investors. The formation of the company was in large part due to the efforts of MacKinnon, whose reputation and influence helped bring investors on board. Located at 13 Austin Friars, the company was officially registered in London on June 10, 1880. With the formation of the FLCC, all of Henry Sanford's Florida properties were transferred to the company in exchange for a £10,000 cash payment and another £50,000 in company stock. The one-time cash payment was a needed reprieve for Sanford, who faced financial difficulties by the end of the 1870s. The board of directors included Mackinnon, as well as W. C. Gray and Edwyn Sandys Dawes, partners in Gray-Dawes and Company, a London-based banking and investment house. Other directors included Alexander Fraser, Anthony Norris, George A. Thomson, and Eli Lee. Sanford was named President and Chairman of the Board. In 1880, the company owned 26,000 acres scattered across Florida, including in the cities of Jacksonville, St. Augustine, and Sanford, as well as in Alachua County and Marion County. Almost from the outset, there was serious friction between the British board members and Henry Sanford. Disagreements erupted over business strategy, as Sanford frequently proposed initiatives deemed too bold for the cautious British investors. From 1882 to 1892, the company saw steady, if meager, profits. Most of its income came from the sale of lots in the city of Sanford. From 1885 until 1890, the company, while remaining solvent, continued to see declining profits. From 1886 to 1890, the profits were so modest that the company declined to pay dividends on its yearly profits. Needed improvements and developments in the city of Sanford during the late 1880s sapped much of the company's income. Following Henry Sanford's death in 1891, many of the investors lost the motivation to continue. On September 15, 1892, the various directors acted to dissolve the company. Its assets, including roughly 65,000 acres of Florida land, were divided among shareholders.
Original letter and statement from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford, September 29, 1885: box 54, folder 1, subfolder 54.1.13, Henry Shelton Sanford Papers, General Henry S. Sanford Memorial Library, Sanford Museum, Sanford, Florida.
Letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford (May 12, 1885)
A letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford dated May 12, 1885. Macfarlane was the secretary for the Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) from 1884 until its dissolution in 1892. Presumably, he worked in the company's main office, located at 13 Austin Friars in the business district of London, United Kingdom. Based on this letter, it appears that Sanford had previously proposed the construction of a tramway light railway within the company's property in Florida. Macfarlane informed Sanford that the matter had not yet been discussed among board members and that the subject would be discussed at a later date. Macfarlane added that the previous meeting had been dedicated to the reviewing of company accounts. Subsequent correspondence from Macfarlane, resumed in September 1885, did not make further reference to the proposed tramway and it is unclear if the idea was ever pursued. However, based on the strained relationship between Sanford and the other company board members, as well as their general mistrust of Sanford's business proposals, it is possible that the board purposefully delayed discussing the matter with the intent of preventing it from materializing. The Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) was a joint-stock venture that invested in Florida land development and sales in the 1880s and early 1890s. The company was formed by Henry Shelton Sanford (1823-1891) with help from a group of British investors. The original impetus for the company's formation was Sanford's inability to continue his land acquisition and development efforts in Florida independently. In 1879, faced with financial difficulties, Sanford turned to a trusted associate in the United Kingdom, a Scottish industrialist named Sir William Mackinnon (1823-1893), to help him attract investors. The formation of the company was in large part due to the efforts of MacKinnon, whose reputation and influence helped bring investors on board. Located at 13 Austin Friars, the company was officially registered in London on June 10, 1880. With the formation of the FLCC, all of Henry Sanford's Florida properties were transferred to the company in exchange for a £10,000 cash payment and another £50,000 in company stock. The one-time cash payment was a needed reprieve for Sanford, who faced financial difficulties by the end of the 1870s. The board of directors included Mackinnon, as well as W. C. Gray and Edwyn Sandys Dawes, partners in Gray-Dawes and Company, a London-based banking and investment house. Other directors included Alexander Fraser, Anthony Norris, George A. Thomson, and Eli Lee. Sanford was named President and Chairman of the Board. In 1880, the company owned 26,000 acres scattered across Florida, including in the cities of Jacksonville, St. Augustine, and Sanford, as well as in Alachua County and Marion County. Almost from the outset, there was serious friction between the British board members and Henry Sanford. Disagreements erupted over business strategy, as Sanford frequently proposed initiatives deemed too bold for the cautious British investors. From 1882 to 1892, the company saw steady, if meager, profits. Most of its income came from the sale of lots in the city of Sanford. From 1885 until 1890, the company, while remaining solvent, continued to see declining profits. From 1886 to 1890, the profits were so modest that the company declined to pay dividends on its yearly profits. Needed improvements and developments in the city of Sanford during the late 1880s sapped much of the company's income. Following Henry Sanford's death in 1891, many of the investors lost the motivation to continue. On September 15, 1892, the various directors acted to dissolve the company. Its assets, including roughly 65,000 acres of Florida land, were divided among shareholders.
Original letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford, May 12, 1885: box 54, folder 1, subfolder 54.1.12, Henry Shelton Sanford Papers, General Henry S. Sanford Memorial Library, Sanford Museum, Sanford, Florida.
Letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford (February 21, 1885)
A letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford dated February 21, 1885. Macfarlane was the secretary for the Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) from 1884 until its dissolution in 1892. Presumably, he worked in the company's main office, located at 13 Austin Friars in the business district of London, United Kingdom. In this letter, Macfarlane relayed reports to Sanford sent by the FLCC's local agent in Florida, E. R. Trafford. At the time, Sanford was staying in the German capital of Berlin, presumably due to his participation in the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885 regarding European trade and colonization in Africa. Macfarlane conveyed the small amount of sales achieved in recent months $1980 for the month of December 1884 and only $434.80 for the entire month of January. He noted that the company's agent believed that the fall in company sales was due in part to a general slowing of business, noting that "[e]everything throughout not only the state but the country is dull." The agent also blamed the "New Orleans Exposition [that] seems to have taken the visitors from Florida this winter." The agent was referencing the World's Fair of 1884-1885, based in New Orleans, Louisiana. The report relayed by Macfarlane reflected the challenges of turning a profit from the company's Florida investments. The Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) was a joint-stock venture that invested in Florida land development and sales in the 1880s and early 1890s. The company was formed by Henry Shelton Sanford (1823-1891) with help from a group of British investors. The original impetus for the company's formation was Sanford's inability to continue his land acquisition and development efforts in Florida independently. In 1879, faced with financial difficulties, Sanford turned to a trusted associate in the United Kingdom, a Scottish industrialist named Sir William Mackinnon (1823-1893), to help him attract investors. The formation of the company was in large part due to the efforts of MacKinnon, whose reputation and influence helped bring investors on board. Located at 13 Austin Friars, the company was officially registered in London on June 10, 1880. With the formation of the FLCC, all of Henry Sanford's Florida properties were transferred to the company in exchange for a £10,000 cash payment and another £50,000 in company stock. The one-time cash payment was a needed reprieve for Sanford, who faced financial difficulties by the end of the 1870s. The board of directors included Mackinnon, as well as W. C. Gray and Edwyn Sandys Dawes, partners in Gray-Dawes and Company, a London-based banking and investment house. Other directors included Alexander Fraser, Anthony Norris, George A. Thomson, and Eli Lee. Sanford was named President and Chairman of the Board. In 1880, the company owned 26,000 acres scattered across Florida, including in the cities of Jacksonville, St. Augustine, and Sanford, as well as in Alachua County and Marion County. Almost from the outset, there was serious friction between the British board members and Henry Sanford. Disagreements erupted over business strategy, as Sanford frequently proposed initiatives deemed too bold for the cautious British investors. From 1882 to 1892, the company saw steady, if meager, profits. Most of its income came from the sale of lots in the city of Sanford. From 1885 until 1890, the company, while remaining solvent, continued to see declining profits. From 1886 to 1890, the profits were so modest that the company declined to pay dividends on its yearly profits. Needed improvements and developments in the city of Sanford during the late 1880s sapped much of the company's income. Following Henry Sanford's death in 1891, many of the investors lost the motivation to continue. On September 15, 1892, the various directors acted to dissolve the company. Its assets, including roughly 65,000 acres of Florida land, were divided among shareholders.
Original letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford, February 21, 1885: box 54, folder 1, subfolder 54.1.11, Henry Shelton Sanford Papers, General Henry S. Sanford Memorial Library, Sanford Museum, Sanford, Florida.
Letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford (February 3, 1885)
A letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford dated January 24, 1885. Macfarlane was the secretary for the Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) from 1884 until its dissolution in 1892. Presumably, he worked in the company's main office, located at 13 Austin Friars in the business district of London, United Kingdom. In this letter, Macfarlane explained to Sanford that the board of directors had rejected a scheme proposed by Sanford as a means to paying company debts. Additionally, Macfarlane offered a brief overview of the company's financial state, noting that the land sales from the prior six-month period amounted to $24,798—over $4,000 more than the same period from a year earlier. Despite this moderate success, Macfarlane bemoaned that "the sales for the last three months are disappointingly small amounting to only some $3,000," an occurrence he deemed symptomatic of a "general stagnation of business in the state." The letter reflected the differing and often opposing viewpoints of Sanford and his fellow board members as well as the limited financial successes of the company in the mid-to-late 1880s. The Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) was a joint-stock venture that invested in Florida land development and sales in the 1880s and early 1890s. The company was formed by Henry Shelton Sanford (1823-1891) with help from a group of British investors. The original impetus for the company's formation was Sanford's inability to continue his land acquisition and development efforts in Florida independently. In 1879, faced with financial difficulties, Sanford turned to a trusted associate in the United Kingdom, a Scottish industrialist named Sir William Mackinnon (1823-1893), to help him attract investors. The formation of the company was in large part due to the efforts of MacKinnon, whose reputation and influence helped bring investors on board. Located at 13 Austin Friars, the company was officially registered in London on June 10, 1880. With the formation of the FLCC, all of Henry Sanford's Florida properties were transferred to the company in exchange for a £10,000 cash payment and another £50,000 in company stock. The one-time cash payment was a needed reprieve for Sanford, who faced financial difficulties by the end of the 1870s. The board of directors included Mackinnon, as well as W. C. Gray and Edwyn Sandys Dawes, partners in Gray-Dawes and Company, a London-based banking and investment house. Other directors included Alexander Fraser, Anthony Norris, George A. Thomson, and Eli Lee. Sanford was named President and Chairman of the Board. In 1880, the company owned 26,000 acres scattered across Florida, including in the cities of Jacksonville, St. Augustine, and Sanford, as well as in Alachua County and Marion County. Almost from the outset, there was serious friction between the British board members and Henry Sanford. Disagreements erupted over business strategy, as Sanford frequently proposed initiatives deemed too bold for the cautious British investors. From 1882 to 1892, the company saw steady, if meager, profits. Most of its income came from the sale of lots in the city of Sanford. From 1885 until 1890, the company, while remaining solvent, continued to see declining profits. From 1886 to 1890, the profits were so modest that the company declined to pay dividends on its yearly profits. Needed improvements and developments in the city of Sanford during the late 1880s sapped much of the company's income. Following Henry Sanford's death in 1891, many of the investors lost the motivation to continue. On September 15, 1892, the various directors acted to dissolve the company. Its assets, including roughly 65,000 acres of Florida land, were divided among shareholders.
Original letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford, February 3, 1885: box 54, folder 1, subfolder 54.1.10, Henry Shelton Sanford Papers, General Henry S. Sanford Memorial Library, Sanford Museum, Sanford, Florida.
Letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford (January 24, 1885)
A letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford dated January 24, 1885. Macfarlane was the secretary for the Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) from 1884 until its dissolution in 1892. Presumably, he worked in the company's main office, located at 13 Austin Friars in the business district of London, United Kingdom. In this letter, Macfarlane acknowledged receipt of a letter sent by Sanford while also relaying relevant information sent to the company's main office from its Florida-based representative, E. R. Trafford. In particular, Macfarlane noted that, in an earlier letter, Trafford cited his earlier request for $15,000 needed for further land acquisition. In his message to Sanford, Macfarlane made clear that Trafford had not sent any confirmation of the finalized land purchase. The Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) was a joint-stock venture that invested in Florida land development and sales in the 1880s and early 1890s. The company was formed by Henry Shelton Sanford (1823-1891) with help from a group of British investors. The original impetus for the company's formation was Sanford's inability to continue his land acquisition and development efforts in Florida independently. In 1879, faced with financial difficulties, Sanford turned to a trusted associate in the United Kingdom, a Scottish industrialist named Sir William Mackinnon (1823-1893), to help him attract investors. The formation of the company was in large part due to the efforts of MacKinnon, whose reputation and influence helped bring investors on board. Located at 13 Austin Friars, the company was officially registered in London on June 10, 1880. With the formation of the FLCC, all of Henry Sanford's Florida properties were transferred to the company in exchange for a £10,000 cash payment and another £50,000 in company stock. The one-time cash payment was a needed reprieve for Sanford, who faced financial difficulties by the end of the 1870s. The board of directors included Mackinnon, as well as W. C. Gray and Edwyn Sandys Dawes, partners in Gray-Dawes and Company, a London-based banking and investment house. Other directors included Alexander Fraser, Anthony Norris, George A. Thomson, and Eli Lee. Sanford was named President and Chairman of the Board. In 1880, the company owned 26,000 acres scattered across Florida, including in the cities of Jacksonville, St. Augustine, and Sanford, as well as in Alachua County and Marion County. Almost from the outset, there was serious friction between the British board members and Henry Sanford. Disagreements erupted over business strategy, as Sanford frequently proposed initiatives deemed too bold for the cautious British investors. From 1882 to 1892, the company saw steady, if meager, profits. Most of its income came from the sale of lots in the city of Sanford. From 1885 until 1890, the company, while remaining solvent, continued to see declining profits. From 1886 to 1890, the profits were so modest that the company declined to pay dividends on its yearly profits. Needed improvements and developments in the city of Sanford during the late 1880s sapped much of the company's income. Following Henry Sanford's death in 1891, many of the investors lost the motivation to continue. On September 15, 1892, the various directors acted to dissolve the company. Its assets, including roughly 65,000 acres of Florida land, were divided among shareholders.
Original letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford, January 24, 1885: box 54, folder 1, subfolder 54.1.9, Henry Shelton Sanford Papers, General Henry S. Sanford Memorial Library, Sanford Museum, Sanford, Florida.
Letter from A. W. Macfarlane to F. R. Shelton (January 21, 1885)
Letter from A. W. Macfarlane to F. R. Shelton dated January 21, 1885. Macfarlane was the secretary for the Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) from 1884 until its dissolution in 1892. Presumably, he worked in the company's main office, located at 13 Austin Friars in the business district of London, United Kingdom. In this letter, Macfarlane informs Shelton, a Philadelphia-based lawyer and banker at Manayunk Bank, that he had been elected to the board of directors. Macfarlane reminded Shelton that the FLCC had some $75,000 in land notes housed at the Manayunk Bank and he expressed hope to Shelton that "with your large banking connections, you may be able to negotiate so as to meet the present requirements of the Company." Shelton's addition to the board of directors was a move prompted by Henry Shelton Sanford and the board of director's acquiescence on the matter was done in part in an effort to placate Sanford. The Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) was a joint-stock venture that invested in Florida land development and sales in the 1880s and early 1890s. The company was formed by Henry Shelton Sanford (1823-1891) with help from a group of British investors. The original impetus for the company's formation was Sanford's inability to continue his land acquisition and development efforts in Florida independently. In 1879, faced with financial difficulties, Sanford turned to a trusted associate in the United Kingdom, a Scottish industrialist named Sir William Mackinnon (1823-1893), to help him attract investors. The formation of the company was in large part due to the efforts of MacKinnon, whose reputation and influence helped bring investors on board. Located at 13 Austin Friars, the company was officially registered in London on June 10, 1880. With the formation of the FLCC, all of Henry Sanford's Florida properties were transferred to the company in exchange for a £10,000 cash payment and another £50,000 in company stock. The one-time cash payment was a needed reprieve for Sanford, who faced financial difficulties by the end of the 1870s. The board of directors included Mackinnon, as well as W. C. Gray and Edwyn Sandys Dawes, partners in Gray-Dawes and Company, a London-based banking and investment house. Other directors included Alexander Fraser, Anthony Norris, George A. Thomson, and Eli Lee. Sanford was named President and Chairman of the Board. In 1880, the company owned 26,000 acres scattered across Florida, including in the cities of Jacksonville, St. Augustine, and Sanford, as well as in Alachua County and Marion County. Almost from the outset, there was serious friction between the British board members and Henry Sanford. Disagreements erupted over business strategy, as Sanford frequently proposed initiatives deemed too bold for the cautious British investors. From 1882 to 1892, the company saw steady, if meager, profits. Most of its income came from the sale of lots in the city of Sanford. From 1885 until 1890, the company, while remaining solvent, continued to see declining profits. From 1886 to 1890, the profits were so modest that the company declined to pay dividends on its yearly profits. Needed improvements and developments in the city of Sanford during the late 1880s sapped much of the company's income. Following Henry Sanford's death in 1891, many of the investors lost the motivation to continue. On September 15, 1892, the various directors acted to dissolve the company. Its assets, including roughly 65,000 acres of Florida land, were divided among shareholders.
Original letter from A. W. Macfarlane to F. R. Shelton, January 21, 1885: box 54, folder 1, subfolder 54.1.8, Henry Shelton Sanford Papers, General Henry S. Sanford Memorial Library, Sanford Museum, Sanford, Florida.
Letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford (January 20, 1885)
Letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford dated January 20, 1885. Macfarlane was the secretary for the Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) from 1884 until its dissolution in 1892. Presumably, he worked in the company's main office, located at 13 Austin Friars in the business district of London, United Kingdom. In this letter, Macfarlane discussed several recent decisions taken by the board of directors of the FLCC. He explained how the local FLCC agent based in Sanford, Florida, E. R. Trafford, was in the process of purchasing tracts of land on behalf of the company, adding that $15,000 had been raised to facilitate Trafford's purchase. The money raised for the land purchase was loaned from the London-based bank Barclay & Company. Macfarlane noted that, in order to obtain the money, the company needed to offer the bank securities in the form of land notes valued at twice the amount of the loan requested. Macfarlane deemed it necessary to note that, following the most recent loan, the company was indebted to the bank in the amount of £5,144.13, of which £2,000 would be due by April 1885. Macfarlane stated that, with the bank loan and company debentures combined, the FLCC had nearly £30,000 due by the end of the fiscal year in early July. Reflecting the often tenuous nature of the company's finances, Macfarlane added that "[t]he [Florida] agent in his report last June estimated remittances at £14,000 of which as yet only £2,200 has been received." The secretary concluded the matter by stating that "[t]he urgency of making prompt financial arrangements has in no way been relieved and I am directed again to state that the Directors consider they are incurring grave responsibility by having this question open." The stringent financial guaranties needed by the company's bank for further loans are significant. The bank's steep terms possibly reflect both the uncertainty of profitability associated with Florida land sales as well as the uncertain viability of the FLCC. The Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) was a joint-stock venture that invested in Florida land development and sales in the 1880s and early 1890s. The company was formed by Henry Shelton Sanford (1823-1891) with help from a group of British investors. The original impetus for the company's formation was Sanford's inability to continue his land acquisition and development efforts in Florida independently. In 1879, faced with financial difficulties, Sanford turned to a trusted associate in the United Kingdom, a Scottish industrialist named Sir William Mackinnon (1823-1893), to help him attract investors. The formation of the company was in large part due to the efforts of MacKinnon, whose reputation and influence helped bring investors on board. Located at 13 Austin Friars, the company was officially registered in London on June 10, 1880. With the formation of the FLCC, all of Henry Sanford's Florida properties were transferred to the company in exchange for a £10,000 cash payment and another £50,000 in company stock. The one-time cash payment was a needed reprieve for Sanford, who faced financial difficulties by the end of the 1870s. The board of directors included Mackinnon, as well as W. C. Gray and Edwyn Sandys Dawes, partners in Gray-Dawes and Company, a London-based banking and investment house. Other directors included Alexander Fraser, Anthony Norris, George A. Thomson, and Eli Lee. Sanford was named President and Chairman of the Board. In 1880, the company owned 26,000 acres scattered across Florida, including in the cities of Jacksonville, St. Augustine, and Sanford, as well as in Alachua County and Marion County. Almost from the outset, there was serious friction between the British board members and Henry Sanford. Disagreements erupted over business strategy, as Sanford frequently proposed initiatives deemed too bold for the cautious British investors. From 1882 to 1892, the company saw steady, if meager, profits. Most of its income came from the sale of lots in the city of Sanford. From 1885 until 1890, the company, while remaining solvent, continued to see declining profits. From 1886 to 1890, the profits were so modest that the company declined to pay dividends on its yearly profits. Needed improvements and developments in the city of Sanford during the late 1880s sapped much of the company's income. Following Henry Sanford's death in 1891, many of the investors lost the motivation to continue. On September 15, 1892, the various directors acted to dissolve the company. Its assets, including roughly 65,000 acres of Florida land, were divided among shareholders.
Original letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford, January 20, 1885: box 54, folder 1, subfolder 54.1.7, Henry Shelton Sanford Papers, General Henry S. Sanford Memorial Library, Sanford Museum, Sanford, Florida.
Letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford (January 8, 1885)
A letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford dated January 8, 1885. Macfarlane was the secretary for the Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) from 1884 until its dissolution in 1892. Presumably, he worked in the company's main office, located at 13 Austin Friars in the business district of London, United Kingdom. In this letter, Macfarlane referenced the company efforts to raise a final £3,000 of a needed £5,000 to complete a land acquisition deal in Florida, a deal advanced and encouraged by Henry Sanford. Macfarlane noted that the company's bank, Barclay & Company, refused to provide an advance of funds without a joint guarantee from all of the members of the company's board. Macfarlane noted that some of the board members had objections to this requirement, reflecting a gulf between business strategies endorsed by Sanford and his fellow board members. The Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) was a joint-stock venture that invested in Florida land development and sales in the 1880s and early 1890s. The company was formed by Henry Shelton Sanford (1823-1891) with help from a group of British investors. The original impetus for the company's formation was Sanford's inability to continue his land acquisition and development efforts in Florida independently. In 1879, faced with financial difficulties, Sanford turned to a trusted associate in the United Kingdom, a Scottish industrialist named Sir William Mackinnon (1823-1893), to help him attract investors. The formation of the company was in large part due to the efforts of MacKinnon, whose reputation and influence helped bring investors on board. Located at 13 Austin Friars, the company was officially registered in London on June 10, 1880. With the formation of the FLCC, all of Henry Sanford's Florida properties were transferred to the company in exchange for a £10,000 cash payment and another £50,000 in company stock. The one-time cash payment was a needed reprieve for Sanford, who faced financial difficulties by the end of the 1870s. The board of directors included Mackinnon, as well as W. C. Gray and Edwyn Sandys Dawes, partners in Gray-Dawes and Company, a London-based banking and investment house. Other directors included Alexander Fraser, Anthony Norris, George A. Thomson, and Eli Lee. Sanford was named President and Chairman of the Board. In 1880, the company owned 26,000 acres scattered across Florida, including in the cities of Jacksonville, St. Augustine, and Sanford, as well as in Alachua County and Marion County. Almost from the outset, there was serious friction between the British board members and Henry Sanford. Disagreements erupted over business strategy, as Sanford frequently proposed initiatives deemed too bold for the cautious British investors. From 1882 to 1892, the company saw steady, if meager, profits. Most of its income came from the sale of lots in the city of Sanford. From 1885 until 1890, the company, while remaining solvent, continued to see declining profits. From 1886 to 1890, the profits were so modest that the company declined to pay dividends on its yearly profits. Needed improvements and developments in the city of Sanford during the late 1880s sapped much of the company's income. Following Henry Sanford's death in 1891, many of the investors lost the motivation to continue. On September 15, 1892, the various directors acted to dissolve the company. Its assets, including roughly 65,000 acres of Florida land, were divided among shareholders.
Original letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford, January 8, 1885: box 54, folder 1, subfolder 54.1.6, Henry Shelton Sanford Papers, General Henry S. Sanford Memorial Library, Sanford Museum, Sanford, Florida.
Letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford (December 29, 1884)
A letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford dated December 29, 1884. Macfarlane was the secretary for the Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) from 1884 until its dissolution in 1892. Presumably, he worked in the company's main office, located at 13 Austin Friars in the business district of London, United Kingdom. In this letter, Macfarlane discussed various aspects of the company's financial state, noting disappointment in lower-than-expected land sales in Florida. At one point, Macfarlane expressed concern that "[t]he cash on hand in Florida, in the office [and] banks, at the end of November amounted to less than £400 not more than required for the business." The letter conveyed the often tenuous nature of the company's efforts to turn a profit in Florida. The Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) was a joint-stock venture that invested in Florida land development and sales in the 1880s and early 1890s. The company was formed by Henry Shelton Sanford (1823-1891) with help from a group of British investors. The original impetus for the company's formation was Sanford's inability to continue his land acquisition and development efforts in Florida independently. In 1879, faced with financial difficulties, Sanford turned to a trusted associate in the United Kingdom, a Scottish industrialist named Sir William Mackinnon (1823-1893), to help him attract investors. The formation of the company was in large part due to the efforts of MacKinnon, whose reputation and influence helped bring investors on board. Located at 13 Austin Friars, the company was officially registered in London on June 10, 1880. With the formation of the FLCC, all of Henry Sanford's Florida properties were transferred to the company in exchange for a £10,000 cash payment and another £50,000 in company stock. The one-time cash payment was a needed reprieve for Sanford, who faced financial difficulties by the end of the 1870s. The board of directors included Mackinnon, as well as W. C. Gray and Edwyn Sandys Dawes, partners in Gray-Dawes and Company, a London-based banking and investment house. Other directors included Alexander Fraser, Anthony Norris, George A. Thomson, and Eli Lee. Sanford was named President and Chairman of the Board. In 1880, the company owned 26,000 acres scattered across Florida, including in the cities of Jacksonville, St. Augustine, and Sanford, as well as in Alachua County and Marion County. Almost from the outset, there was serious friction between the British board members and Henry Sanford. Disagreements erupted over business strategy, as Sanford frequently proposed initiatives deemed too bold for the cautious British investors. From 1882 to 1892, the company saw steady, if meager, profits. Most of its income came from the sale of lots in the city of Sanford. From 1885 until 1890, the company, while remaining solvent, continued to see declining profits. From 1886 to 1890, the profits were so modest that the company declined to pay dividends on its yearly profits. Needed improvements and developments in the city of Sanford during the late 1880s sapped much of the company's income. Following Henry Sanford's death in 1891, many of the investors lost the motivation to continue. On September 15, 1892, the various directors acted to dissolve the company. Its assets, including roughly 65,000 acres of Florida land, were divided among shareholders.
Original letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford, December 29, 1884: box 54, folder 1, subfolder 1.5, Henry Shelton Sanford Papers, General Henry S. Sanford Memorial Library, Sanford Museum, Sanford, Florida.
Letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford (December 23, 1884)
A letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford dated December 23, 1884. Macfarlane was the secretary for the Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) from 1884 until its dissolution in 1892. Presumably, he worked in the company's main office, located at 13 Austin Friars in the business district of London, United Kingdom. In this letter, Macfarlane described in detail the minutes of the board of directors meeting held the day prior. In discussing the various topics of importance, Macfarlane conveyed the strained relationship between the board of directors and Henry Sanford. In particular, the letter illustrated the mutual misunderstandings and differences of opinion held by Sanford and the London-based investors. On page two, when discussing the financial state of the company, Macfarlane noted that "the Directors desire me to express their regret that you have not indicated to them some practical means of raising money to meet the above requirements [and] the Debentures shortly falling due." The letter reflected the board's lack of trust in the financial strategies advocated by Sanford. The Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) was a joint-stock venture that invested in Florida land development and sales in the 1880s and early 1890s. The company was formed by Henry Shelton Sanford (1823-1891) with help from a group of British investors. The original impetus for the company's formation was Sanford's inability to continue his land acquisition and development efforts in Florida independently. In 1879, faced with financial difficulties, Sanford turned to a trusted associate in the United Kingdom, a Scottish industrialist named Sir William Mackinnon (1823-1893), to help him attract investors. The formation of the company was in large part due to the efforts of MacKinnon, whose reputation and influence helped bring investors on board. Located at 13 Austin Friars, the company was officially registered in London on June 10, 1880. With the formation of the FLCC, all of Henry Sanford's Florida properties were transferred to the company in exchange for a £10,000 cash payment and another £50,000 in company stock. The one-time cash payment was a needed reprieve for Sanford, who faced financial difficulties by the end of the 1870s. The board of directors included Mackinnon, as well as W. C. Gray and Edwyn Sandys Dawes, partners in Gray-Dawes and Company, a London-based banking and investment house. Other directors included Alexander Fraser, Anthony Norris, George A. Thomson, and Eli Lee. Sanford was named President and Chairman of the Board. In 1880, the company owned 26,000 acres scattered across Florida, including in the cities of Jacksonville, St. Augustine, and Sanford, as well as in Alachua County and Marion County. Almost from the outset, there was serious friction between the British board members and Henry Sanford. Disagreements erupted over business strategy, as Sanford frequently proposed initiatives deemed too bold for the cautious British investors. From 1882 to 1892, the company saw steady, if meager, profits. Most of its income came from the sale of lots in the city of Sanford. From 1885 until 1890, the company, while remaining solvent, continued to see declining profits. From 1886 to 1890, the profits were so modest that the company declined to pay dividends on its yearly profits. Needed improvements and developments in the city of Sanford during the late 1880s sapped much of the company's income. Following Henry Sanford's death in 1891, many of the investors lost the motivation to continue. On September 15, 1892, the various directors acted to dissolve the company. Its assets, including roughly 65,000 acres of Florida land, were divided among shareholders.
Original letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford, December 23, 1884: box 54, folder 1, subfolder 1.4, Henry Shelton Sanford Papers, General Henry S. Sanford Memorial Library, Sanford Museum, Sanford, Florida.
Letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford (October 3, 1884)
A letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford dated October 3, 1884. Macfarlane was the secretary for the Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) from 1884 until its dissolution in 1892. Presumably, he worked in the company's main office, located at 13 Austin Friars in the business district of London, United Kingdom. In this letter, Macfarlane discussed the minutes from the previous meeting of the board of directors. Sanford, staying in Belgium at the time, was unable to attend. Perhaps the most important board decision, conveyed by Macfarlane, was the transfer of the power to sign deeds. The board decided that it was in the company's best interest to transfer this power from Henry Sanford to E. R. Trafford and William Beardall. Trafford was the company's agent based in Sanford, Florida, while Beardall was sent to Sanford from London to serve as the Assistant Manager in the FLCC's Sanford office. The action, taken by the board, reflected the strained relations between Henry Sanford and his London-based partners. It represented an effort to limit the powers and influence of Henry Sanford in company decision-making and instead to reallocate these powers to two company-appointed agents. The Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) was a joint-stock venture that invested in Florida land development and sales in the 1880s and early 1890s. The company was formed by Henry Shelton Sanford (1823-1891) with help from a group of British investors. The original impetus for the company's formation was Sanford's inability to continue his land acquisition and development efforts in Florida independently. In 1879, faced with financial difficulties, Sanford turned to a trusted associate in the United Kingdom, a Scottish industrialist named Sir William Mackinnon (1823-1893), to help him attract investors. The formation of the company was in large part due to the efforts of MacKinnon, whose reputation and influence helped bring investors on board. Located at 13 Austin Friars, the company was officially registered in London on June 10, 1880. With the formation of the FLCC, all of Henry Sanford's Florida properties were transferred to the company in exchange for a £10,000 cash payment and another £50,000 in company stock. The one-time cash payment was a needed reprieve for Sanford, who faced financial difficulties by the end of the 1870s. The board of directors included Mackinnon, as well as W. C. Gray and Edwyn Sandys Dawes, partners in Gray-Dawes and Company, a London-based banking and investment house. Other directors included Alexander Fraser, Anthony Norris, George A. Thomson, and Eli Lee. Sanford was named President and Chairman of the Board. In 1880, the company owned 26,000 acres scattered across Florida, including in the cities of Jacksonville, St. Augustine, and Sanford, as well as in Alachua County and Marion County. Almost from the outset, there was serious friction between the British board members and Henry Sanford. Disagreements erupted over business strategy, as Sanford frequently proposed initiatives deemed too bold for the cautious British investors. From 1882 to 1892, the company saw steady, if meager, profits. Most of its income came from the sale of lots in the city of Sanford. From 1885 until 1890, the company, while remaining solvent, continued to see declining profits. From 1886 to 1890, the profits were so modest that the company declined to pay dividends on its yearly profits. Needed improvements and developments in the city of Sanford during the late 1880s sapped much of the company's income. Following Henry Sanford's death in 1891, many of the investors lost the motivation to continue. On September 15, 1892, the various directors acted to dissolve the company. Its assets, including roughly 65,000 acres of Florida land, were divided among shareholders.
Original letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford, October 3, 1884: box 54, folder 1, subfolder 1.3, Henry Shelton Sanford Papers, General Henry S. Sanford Memorial Library, Sanford Museum, Sanford, Florida.
Letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford (August 27, 1884)
A letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford dated August 27, 1884. Macfarlane was the secretary for the Florida Land and Colonization Company from 1884 until its dissolution in 1892. Presumably, he worked in the company's main office, located at 13 Austin Friars in the business district of London, United Kingdom. In this letter, Macfarlane discussed several possibilities for the usage of company profits earned during the fiscal year ending on June 30, 1884. Macfarlane suggested either directing half of the profits to the reduction of company property values but with no distribution of dividends, or directing a quarter of profits to the reduction of property values, with shareholders receiving a 5% dividend for the year. The Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) was a joint-stock venture that invested in Florida land development and sales in the 1880s and early 1890s. The company was formed by Henry Shelton Sanford (1823-1891) with help from a group of British investors. The original impetus for the company's formation was Sanford's inability to continue his land acquisition and development efforts in Florida independently. In 1879, faced with financial difficulties, Sanford turned to a trusted associate in the United Kingdom, a Scottish industrialist named Sir William Mackinnon (1823-1893), to help him attract investors. The formation of the company was in large part due to the efforts of MacKinnon, whose reputation and influence helped bring investors on board. Located at 13 Austin Friars, the company was officially registered in London on June 10, 1880. With the formation of the FLCC, all of Henry Sanford's Florida properties were transferred to the company in exchange for a £10,000 cash payment and another £50,000 in company stock. The one-time cash payment was a needed reprieve for Sanford, who faced financial difficulties by the end of the 1870s. The board of directors included Mackinnon, as well as W. C. Gray and Edwyn Sandys Dawes, partners in Gray-Dawes and Company, a London-based banking and investment house. Other directors included Alexander Fraser, Anthony Norris, George A. Thomson, and Eli Lee. Sanford was named President and Chairman of the Board. In 1880, the company owned 26,000 acres scattered across Florida, including in the cities of Jacksonville, St. Augustine, and Sanford, as well as in Alachua County and Marion County. Almost from the outset, there was serious friction between the British board members and Henry Sanford. Disagreements erupted over business strategy, as Sanford frequently proposed initiatives deemed too bold for the cautious British investors. From 1882 to 1892, the company saw steady, if meager, profits. Most of its income came from the sale of lots in the city of Sanford. From 1885 until 1890, the company, while remaining solvent, continued to see declining profits. From 1886 to 1890, the profits were so modest that the company declined to pay dividends on its yearly profits. Needed improvements and developments in the city of Sanford during the late 1880s sapped much of the company's income. Following Henry Sanford's death in 1891, many of the investors lost the motivation to continue. On September 15, 1892, the various directors acted to dissolve the company. Its assets, including roughly 65,000 acres of Florida land, were divided among shareholders.
Original letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford, August 27, 1884: box 54, folder 1, subfolder 1.2, Henry Shelton Sanford Papers, General Henry S. Sanford Memorial Library, Sanford Museum, Sanford, Florida.
Letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford (April 28, 1884)
A letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford dated April 28, 1884. Macfarlane was the secretary for the Florida Land and Colonization Company from 1884 until its dissolution in 1892. Presumably, he worked in the company's main office, located at 13 Austin Friars in the business district of London, United Kingdom. In this letter, Macfarlane made reference to the transfer of 250 company shares to Mr. I. I. Foulkrod. The shares, forwarded at Sanford's request, were valued at £20 each for a total value of £5,000. The Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) was a joint-stock venture that invested in Florida land development and sales in the 1880s and early 1890s. The company was formed by Henry Shelton Sanford (1823-1891) with help from a group of British investors. The original impetus for the company's formation was Sanford's inability to continue his land acquisition and development efforts in Florida independently. In 1879, faced with financial difficulties, Sanford turned to a trusted associate in the United Kingdom, a Scottish industrialist named Sir William Mackinnon (1823-1893), to help him attract investors. The formation of the company was in large part due to the efforts of MacKinnon, whose reputation and influence helped bring investors on board. Located at 13 Austin Friars, the company was officially registered in London on June 10, 1880. With the formation of the FLCC, all of Henry Sanford's Florida properties were transferred to the company in exchange for a £10,000 cash payment and another £50,000 in company stock. The one-time cash payment was a needed reprieve for Sanford, who faced financial difficulties by the end of the 1870s. The board of directors included Mackinnon, as well as W. C. Gray and Edwyn Sandys Dawes, partners in Gray-Dawes and Company, a London-based banking and investment house. Other directors included Alexander Fraser, Anthony Norris, George A. Thomson, and Eli Lee. Sanford was named President and Chairman of the Board. In 1880, the company owned 26,000 acres scattered across Florida, including in the cities of Jacksonville, St. Augustine, and Sanford, as well as in Alachua County and Marion County. Almost from the outset, there was serious friction between the British board members and Henry Sanford. Disagreements erupted over business strategy, as Sanford frequently proposed initiatives deemed too bold for the cautious British investors. From 1882 to 1892, the company saw steady, if meager, profits. Most of its income came from the sale of lots in the city of Sanford. From 1885 until 1890, the company, while remaining solvent, continued to see declining profits. From 1886 to 1890, the profits were so modest that the company declined to pay dividends on its yearly profits. Needed improvements and developments in the city of Sanford during the late 1880s sapped much of the company's income. Following Henry Sanford's death in 1891, many of the investors lost the motivation to continue. On September 15, 1892, the various directors acted to dissolve the company. Its assets, including roughly 65,000 acres of Florida land, were divided among shareholders.
Original letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford, April 28, 1884: box 54, folder 1, subfolder 1.1, Henry Shelton Sanford Papers, General Henry S. Sanford Memorial Library, Sanford Museum, Sanford, Florida.
Oral History of Dr. Stephen Caldwell Wright
Dr. Stephen Caldwell Wright was born and raised in Goldsboro, an historic African-American community in Sanford, Florida. He lived in Sanford for most of his early life, except for one year in Lakeland for ninth grade. He attended Goldsboro Elementary School and Crooms High School, where he graduated in 1964. For his college education, Dr. Wright attended Volusia County Community College (now Daytona State College) in Daytona for one semester, Gibbs College (now merged with St. Petersburg College) in St. Petersburg for the first part of his Bachelor of Arts degree in English, Florida Atlantic University in Boca Raton for the second part of his B.A. in English, Atlanta University for his Master of Arts degree in English, and Indiana University of Pennsylvania in for his Ph.D. in Linguistics and Rhetoric.
Wright, Stephen Caldwell. Interview by Julio R. Firpo. Home of Dr. Stephen Caldwell Wright. March 27, 2011. Audio record available. RICHES of Central Florida.
Volusia County Community College, Daytona Beach, Florida
Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida
Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, Pennsylvania
Annye Refoe, the daughter of Herman L. Refoe, Jr. and Shellye L. Refoe, was born on January 29, 1951. Since her parents both taught at Midway Elementary School, Refoe also attended the school, as opposed to attending Hopper Academy in Georgetown, an historic neighborhood in Sanford, Florida. Refoegraduated from Seminole High School in the class of 1969. After her treatment in the newly integrated Seminole High School, Refoe decided to enroll in a historically black college/university. She graduated from Fisk College in Nashville with a bachelor of arts degree in English in 1973. Upon her return from college, Annye began teaching in August 1974 at Lake Howell High School in Winter Park. In 1982, she started teaching at Seminole Community College, where she later became the Dean of the Arts and Humanities.
Refoe, Annye. Interview by Julio R. Firpo. Home of Dr. Stephen Caldwell Wright. April 15, 2011. Audio record available. RICHES of Central Florida.
Crooms High School, Georgetown, Sanford, Florida
Lake Howell High School, Winter Park, Florida
Daphne F. Humphrey was born in Sarasota, Florida, but migrated to Sanford at age 5. In this oral history, she first describes Georgetown, an historic African-American community in Sanford. She then talks of her mother, Marie Jones Francis, the "midwife of Sanford," in great detail. She then spends time speaking of her own life and becoming a teacher. Marie Jones Francis, the "midwife of Sanford," left behind a successful hotel and restaurant she owned in Sarasota in 1942 to return to Sanford and become a midwife. World War II caused a shortage in doctors and nurses, so Florida's Children's Bureau sent Francis to Florida A & M to acquire her practical nursing license in 1945. She specialized in premature babies and returned to Sanford to aid her mother, Carrie Jones, at Fernald-Laughton Memorial Hospital before they opened the ward in their home. "When her health starting failing," she recollects in a newspaper article, "I took over." Francis converted her house at 621 East Sixth Street to also serve as a maternity ward, where she delivered over 40,000 babies over her 32 year career. She became a midwife in the same vein as her mother, Carrie Jones, and together they ran the Jones-Francis Maternity Hall in Georgetown. Francis served her community in several ways. She delivered babies for both white and black families from Seminole County, primarily patrons who either preferred natural births or could not afford deliveries at a hospital. In the 1950s, it cost $70 to stay nine days where soon-to-be mothers were taken care of. Francis was assisted by her sister, Annie Walker, who did the cooking. The house and ward also served as a school, where Marie Francis taught nurses the art of midwifery. Nurses would come from across the state to learn how to delivery infants naturally. A heavy burden on a single working mother, Marie Francis had three daughters, Cassandra Clayton, Daphne Humphrey, and Barbara Torre. Clayton and Humphrey became school teachers and Torre became a purchaser at Seminole Memorial Hospital.
Humphrey, Daphne F. Interview by Julio R. Firpo. Home of Daphne F. Humphrey. April 8, 2011. Audio record available. RICHES of Central Florida.
John R. Hurston House, Georgetown, Sanford, Florida
Jones-Francis Maternity Hall, Georgetown, Sanford, Florida
In this oral history, Marva Y. Hawkins recounts her life living in Goldsboro, a historic African-American community in Sanford, Florida. Her mother was the owner of the neighborhood grocery store, Hawkins' Meat Market, located off of West Thirteenth Street, originally called Goldsboro Avenue and now called Historic Goldsboro Boulevard. Hawkins lived in Goldsboro her entire life and attended Goldsboro Red School and Crooms High School, where she graduated in 1954. Hawkins has worked in various positions, such as for Family Services, as an insurance agent, and as a columnist for The Sanford Herald.
Hawkins, Marva Y. Interview by Julio R. Firpo. Home of Marva Y. Hawkins. April 6, 2011. Audio record available. RICHES of Central Florida.
Specified Crops Harvested, Seminole County, 1949
A table representing crop acreage, production and value for Seminole County, Florida, in 1949. Statistics in the table identify various products produced in the county, how many acres each crop occupied, production number of each crop, the number of farms reporting for each crop, and the value of each crop. The U.S. Census of Agriculture produced statistics for corn, cowpeas, peanuts, velvet beans, hay crops (excluding cowpea and peanut hay), miscellaneous field seed crops (lupin seed, grass, etc.), Irish potatoes, sweet potatoes, cotton, sugarcane and sorghum used for syrup, and root and grain crops hogged off or grazed (excluding corn, cowpeas, and peanuts). In the early-1900s, Seminole County was known for its agricultural development and close proximity to shipping lanes. By the 1920s, citizens in Seminole County, particularly in Sanford, soon shifted their interests in making the area a tourist destination.
Original table by Laura Cepero, July 21, 2011.
Specified Crops Harvested, Seminole County, 1944
A table representing crop acreage, production and value for Seminole County, Florida, in 1944. Statistics in the table identify various products produced in the county, how many acres each crop occupied, production number of each crop, the number of farms reporting for each crop, and the value of each crop. The U.S. Census of Agriculture produced statistics for corn, sorghum (used for all purposes except for syrup), oats cut for feeding (small grains), cowpeas (except for green manure), peanuts, peanuts vines used for hay, tame hay (excluding sorghum), Irish potatoes, sweet potatoes and yams, sugarcane harvested for syrup, chufas harvested for nuts, and chufas used for hogging off. In the early-1900s, Seminole County was known for its agricultural development and close proximity to shipping lanes. By the 1920s, citizens in Seminole County, particularly in Sanford, soon shifted their interests in making the area a tourist destination.
Crop Acreage by Year, Seminole County, 1919-1949
Bar chart representing crop acreage for Seminole County from 1919 to 1949. Corn was often planted in the summer after the celery fields were harvested. Because the fields still contained fertilizer from the previous celery production, there was often a high yield of corn in Seminole County. In 1926, it was reported that most of the corn produced in Seminole County was a cross between Hasting Prolific and Cuban flint, a hardy type resistant to corn weevils. In the early-1900s, Seminole County was known for its agricultural development and close proximity to shipping lanes. By the 1920s, citizens in Seminole County, particularly in Sanford, soon shifted their interests in making the area a tourist destination. Mosquito County, a massive county south of St. Johns County that consisted of much of Central Florida, was established in 1824. In 1845, Mosquito County was renamed Orange County when Florida earned statehood. This new county included present-day Osceola, Seminole, Lake, and Volusia counties. Orange County was named so for the area's major fruit crop: oranges. The area was devastated by a freeze during the winter of 1895-1896, which allowed for subsequent land speculators to initiate a land boom in Florida, with Orlando becoming a "boom town." Seminole County separated from Orange on April 25, 1913 and was named for the Seminole tribes that originally inhabited the area. In the early-1900s, Seminole County was known for its agricultural development and close proximity to shipping lanes. By the 1920s, citizens in Seminole County, particularly in Sanford, soon shifted their interests in making the area a tourist destination.
Original bar chart by Laura Cepero, July 15, 2011.
A table representing farm statistics in Orange County, Florida, during 1904. Statistics in the table identify various products produced in the county, how many acres each crop occupied, production number of each crop, and the dollar value of each crop. The U.S. Census of Agriculture identified upland and Sea Island cotton, corn, sweet potatoes, rice, sugarcane and syrup, peas, and native grass and natal grass hay as field crops. Mosquito County, a massive county south of St. Johns County that consisted of much of Central Florida, was established in 1824. In 1845, Mosquito County was renamed Orange County when Florida earned statehood. This new county included present-day Osceola, Seminole, Lake, and Volusia counties. Orange County was named so for the area's major fruit crop: oranges. The area was devastated by a freeze during the winter of 1895-1896, which allowed for subsequent land speculators to initiate a land boom in Florida, with Orlando becoming a "boom town." Seminole County separated from Orange on April 25, 1913 and was named for the Seminole tribes that originally inhabited the area. In the early-1900s, Seminole County was known for its agricultural development and close proximity to shipping lanes. By the 1920s, citizens in Seminole County, particularly in Sanford, soon shifted their interests in making the area a tourist destination.
Original table by Laura Cepero, July 18, 2011.
Production Numbers of Orchard Fruits and Nuts, Seminole County, 1924
A table representing the production numbers of orchard fruits and nuts in Seminole County, Florida during 1924. Statistics in the table identify various products produced in the county, the number of trees for all ages, the number of trees of non-bearing age, the number of trees of bearing age, and vines of all ages. The U.S. Census of Agriculture identified peaches, plums and prunes, grapes, lemons, grapefruit, oranges, and pecans as orchard fruits and nuts. In the early-1900s, Seminole County was known for its agricultural development and close proximity to shipping lanes. By the 1920s, citizens in Seminole County, particularly in Sanford, soon shifted their interests in making the area a tourist destination.
A table representing the acreage of field crops in Seminole County, Florida, during 1924. Statistics in the table identify various products produced in the county, how many acres each crop occupied, production number of each crop, and the dollar value of each crop. The U.S. Census of Agriculture identified upland and Sea Island cotton, corn, sweet potatoes, rice, sugarcane and syrup, peas, and native grass and natal grass hay as field crops. In the early-1900s, Seminole County was known for its agricultural development and close proximity to shipping lanes. By the 1920s, citizens in Seminole County, particularly in Sanford, soon shifted their interests in making the area a tourist destination.
Acreage of Principle Crops, Seminole County, 1924
A table representing the acreage of principle crops in Seminole County, Florida, during 1924. Crops such as corn, velvet beans, and dry edible beans were listed as grain and forage crops. Tame grasses and annual legumes were categorized as hay crops. Crops such as cotton, sugar cane, potatoes, and strawberries were listed as miscellaneous. Vegetables grown for sale included cabbages, melons, lettuce, onions, corn, and tomatoes. All of the fruits and nuts were listed under orchard fruits and nuts. In the early-1900s, Seminole County was known for its agricultural development and close proximity to shipping lanes. By the 1920s, citizens in Seminole County, particularly in Sanford, soon shifted their interests in making the area a tourist destination. This trend is made apparent in the total value of principle crops listed by the U.S. Census of Agriculture in 1924. In 1919, principle crops were valued at $186,229 in comparison to drop in value in 1924 to $22,509 for the same identified crops.
Acreage and Production of Grain Crops, Seminole County, 1929
A table representing acreage and production of grain and forage crops in Seminole County, Florida, during 1929. Statistics in the table identify various products produced in the county, how many acres each crop occupied, production number of each crop, and the number of farms reporting for each crop. The U.S. Census of Agriculture identified corn, cloves, tame and wild grasses, annual legumes, Irish potatoes, and sweet potatoes and yams as grain and forage crops. In the early-1900s, Seminole County was known for its agricultural development and close proximity to shipping lanes. By the 1920s, citizens in Seminole County, particularly in Sanford, soon shifted their interests in making the area a tourist destination.
Original table by Laura Cepero, July 20, 2011.
Acreage and Quantity of Corn, Sorghums, and Small Grains, Seminole County, 1939
Aable representing acreage and quantity of corn, sorghum, and small grans in Seminole County during 1939. Statistics in the table identify various products produced in the county, how many acres each crop occupied, production number of each crop, and the number of farms reporting for each crop. In the early-1900s, Seminole County was known for its agricultural development and close proximity to shipping lanes. By the 1920s, citizens in Seminole County, particularly in Sanford, soon shifted their interests in making the area a tourist destination.
Acreage and Production of Hay Crops and Miscellaneous Crops Harvested, Seminole County, 1939
A table representing acreage and production of hay and miscellaneous crops harvested in Seminole County during 1939. Statistics in the table identify various products produced in the county, how many acres each crop occupied, production number of each crop, and the number of farms reporting for each crop. The U.S. Census of Agriculture identified hay and sorghum (for all purposes except for syrup) as hay crops. The census also identified Irish potatoes, sweet potatoes and yams, cotton, tobacco, sugarcane (used for syrup), and root and grain crops (used for hogging or grazing) as miscellaneous crops. In the early-1900s, Seminole County was known for its agricultural development and close proximity to shipping lanes. By the 1920s, citizens in Seminole County, particularly in Sanford, soon shifted their interests in making the area a tourist destination.