Lake Monroe (Seminole County and Volusia County, Fla.)
Sanford's Riverfront from a north view during the 19th century, with a steamship pictured in the background. The present-day Sanford, Florida, area was originally inhabited by the Mayaca and Joroco tribes by the time Europeans arrived. The tribe was decimated by war and disease by 1760 and was replaced by the Seminole tribe. In 1821, the United States acquired Florida from Spain and Americans began to settled in the state. Camp Monroe was established in the mid-1830s to defend the area against Seminoles during the Seminole Wars. Following an attack on February 8, 1837, the camp was renamed Fort Mellon in honor of the battle's only American casualty, Captain Charles Mellon. The Town of Mellonville was founded nearby in 1842 by Daniel Stewart. When Florida became a state three years later, Mellonville became the county seat for Orange County, which was originally a portion of Mosquito County. Citrus was the first cash crop in the area and the first fruit packing plant was constructed in 1869. In 1870, Henry Shelton Sanford purchased over 12,000 acres of land west of Mellonville to form the community of Sanford. which he called "The Gateway City to South Florida." Sanford was incorporated in 1877 and absorbed Mellonville in 1883. The Great Fire of 1887 devastated the city, which also suffered from a statewide epidemic of yellow fever the following year. The citrus industry flourished until the Great Freezes of 1894 and 1895, causing planters to begin growing celery in 1896 as an alternative. Celery replaced citrus as the city's cash crop and Sanford was nicknamed "The Celery City." In 1913, Sanford became the county seat of Seminole County, once part of Orange County. Agriculture dominated the region until Walt Disney World opened in October of 1971, effectively shifting the Central Florida economy towards tourism and residential development. In 2003, Sanford began the redevelopment of the waterfront with the RiverWalk Project to revitalize the city's riverfront.
Digital reproduction of original 5 x 8 inch black and white graph on Florida Memory Project: "North From Verandah." Reference Collection, shelf number 15174, call number RC07050, Florida Photographic Collection, State Library and Archives of Florida, Tallahassee, Florida.
State Library and Archives of Florida
Veterans Memorial Park, located at 110 East Seminole Boulevard in Sanford, Florida, in 2011. The park was built in 1925 and included a bandshell. A flagpole and fountain were dedicated in memory of World War I veterans in 1927. The park was renamed Veterans Memorial Park in 1973 when it was rededicated to the memory of veterans of all American wars.
Original color digital image by Laura Cepero, June 4, 2011.
RICHES of Central Florida
Veterans Memorial Park, Sanford, Florida
The Riverfront in Sanford, Florida. 2011. The present-day Sanford, Florida, area was originally inhabited by the Mayaca and Joroco tribes by the time Europeans arrived. The tribe was decimated by war and disease by 1760 and was replaced by the Seminole tribe. In 1821, the United States acquired Florida from Spain and Americans began to settled in the state. Camp Monroe was established in the mid-1830s to defend the area against Seminoles during the Seminole Wars. Following an attack on February 8, 1837, the camp was renamed Fort Mellon in honor of the battle's only American casualty, Captain Charles Mellon. The Town of Mellonville was founded nearby in 1842 by Daniel Stewart. When Florida became a state three years later, Mellonville became the county seat for Orange County, which was originally a portion of Mosquito County. Citrus was the first cash crop in the area and the first fruit packing plant was constructed in 1869. In 1870, Henry Shelton Sanford purchased over 12,000 acres of land west of Mellonville to form the community of Sanford. which he called "The Gateway City to South Florida." Sanford was incorporated in 1877 and absorbed Mellonville in 1883. The Great Fire of 1887 devastated the city, which also suffered from a statewide epidemic of yellow fever the following year. The citrus industry flourished until the Great Freezes of 1894 and 1895, causing planters to begin growing celery in 1896 as an alternative. Celery replaced citrus as the city's cash crop and Sanford was nicknamed "The Celery City." In 1913, Sanford became the county seat of Seminole County, once part of Orange County. Agriculture dominated the region until Walt Disney World opened in October of 1971, effectively shifting the Central Florida economy towards tourism and residential development. In 2003, Sanford began the redevelopment of the waterfront with the RiverWalk Project to revitalize the city's riverfront.
Last Barge to Dock at the Standard Oil Terminal on Lake Monroe Before Its Scheduled Closing This Saturday was Seen Today
Newspaper article about the last barge docked on the Standard Oil Terminal along Lake Monroe in Sanford, Florida. The terminal opened in 1931 and closed in 1969. The present-day Sanford, Florida, area was originally inhabited by the Mayaca and Joroco tribes by the time Europeans arrived. The tribe was decimated by war and disease by 1760 and was replaced by the Seminole tribe. In 1821, the United States acquired Florida from Spain and Americans began to settled in the state. Camp Monroe was established in the mid-1830s to defend the area against Seminoles during the Seminole Wars. Following an attack on February 8, 1837, the camp was renamed Fort Mellon in honor of the battle's only American casualty, Captain Charles Mellon. The Town of Mellonville was founded nearby in 1842 by Daniel Stewart. When Florida became a state three years later, Mellonville became the county seat for Orange County, which was originally a portion of Mosquito County. Citrus was the first cash crop in the area and the first fruit packing plant was constructed in 1869. In 1870, Henry Shelton Sanford purchased over 12,000 acres of land west of Mellonville to form the community of Sanford. which he called "The Gateway City to South Florida." Sanford was incorporated in 1877 and absorbed Mellonville in 1883. The Great Fire of 1887 devastated the city, which also suffered from a statewide epidemic of yellow fever the following year. The citrus industry flourished until the Great Freezes of 1894 and 1895, causing planters to begin growing celery in 1896 as an alternative. Celery replaced citrus as the city's cash crop and Sanford was nicknamed "The Celery City." In 1913, Sanford became the county seat of Seminole County, once part of Orange County. Agriculture dominated the region until Walt Disney World opened in October of 1971, effectively shifting the Central Florida economy towards tourism and residential development. In 2003, Sanford began the redevelopment of the waterfront with the RiverWalk Project to revitalize the city's riverfront.
Original newspaper article, May 28, 1969.
Downtown Sanford in the late 1950s or early 1960s. The present-day Sanford, Florida, area was originally inhabited by the Mayaca and Joroco tribes by the time Europeans arrived. The tribe was decimated by war and disease by 1760 and was replaced by the Seminole tribe. In 1821, the United States acquired Florida from Spain and Americans began to settled in the state. Camp Monroe was established in the mid-1830s to defend the area against Seminoles during the Seminole Wars. Following an attack on February 8, 1837, the camp was renamed Fort Mellon in honor of the battle's only American casualty, Captain Charles Mellon. The Town of Mellonville was founded nearby in 1842 by Daniel Stewart. When Florida became a state three years later, Mellonville became the county seat for Orange County, which was originally a portion of Mosquito County. Citrus was the first cash crop in the area and the first fruit packing plant was constructed in 1869. In 1870, Henry Shelton Sanford purchased over 12,000 acres of land west of Mellonville to form the community of Sanford. which he called "The Gateway City to South Florida." Sanford was incorporated in 1877 and absorbed Mellonville in 1883. The Great Fire of 1887 devastated the city, which also suffered from a statewide epidemic of yellow fever the following year. The citrus industry flourished until the Great Freezes of 1894 and 1895, causing planters to begin growing celery in 1896 as an alternative. Celery replaced citrus as the city's cash crop and Sanford was nicknamed "The Celery City." In 1913, Sanford became the county seat of Seminole County, once part of Orange County. Agriculture dominated the region until Walt Disney World opened in October of 1971, effectively shifting the Central Florida economy towards tourism and residential development. In 2003, Sanford began the redevelopment of the waterfront with the RiverWalk Project to revitalize the city's riverfront.
Downtown Sanford, Florida, in 1952. The present-day Sanford, Florida, area was originally inhabited by the Mayaca and Joroco tribes by the time Europeans arrived. The tribe was decimated by war and disease by 1760 and was replaced by the Seminole tribe. In 1821, the United States acquired Florida from Spain and Americans began to settled in the state. Camp Monroe was established in the mid-1830s to defend the area against Seminoles during the Seminole Wars. Following an attack on February 8, 1837, the camp was renamed Fort Mellon in honor of the battle's only American casualty, Captain Charles Mellon. The Town of Mellonville was founded nearby in 1842 by Daniel Stewart. When Florida became a state three years later, Mellonville became the county seat for Orange County, which was originally a portion of Mosquito County. Citrus was the first cash crop in the area and the first fruit packing plant was constructed in 1869. In 1870, Henry Shelton Sanford purchased over 12,000 acres of land west of Mellonville to form the community of Sanford. which he called "The Gateway City to South Florida." Sanford was incorporated in 1877 and absorbed Mellonville in 1883. The Great Fire of 1887 devastated the city, which also suffered from a statewide epidemic of yellow fever the following year. The citrus industry flourished until the Great Freezes of 1894 and 1895, causing planters to begin growing celery in 1896 as an alternative. Celery replaced citrus as the city's cash crop and Sanford was nicknamed "The Celery City." In 1913, Sanford became the county seat of Seminole County, once part of Orange County. Agriculture dominated the region until Walt Disney World opened in October of 1971, effectively shifting the Central Florida economy towards tourism and residential development. In 2003, Sanford began the redevelopment of the waterfront with the RiverWalk Project to revitalize the city's riverfront.
Original black and white photograph, 1952.
The City of Sanford steamboat near Sanford, Florida. The steamboat was constructed by the Thompson & Clyde Shipyard in Jacksonville. On November 24, 1880, The City of Sanford was launched. The steamboat travedl between Sanford and Jacksonville 137 times and was able to carry 145 tons of goods. On April 24, 1882, The City of Sanford burned at Point La Vista, near Downtown Jacksonville. By the mid-1880s, Sanford had become a major distribution center due to the city's strategic location along Lake Monroe and the St. Johns River. Even before Florida obtained statehood, steamboats frequented the St. Johns River carrying U.S. Army soldiers to Fort Mellon, located on the shores of Lake Monroe, to defend the area against Native Americans during the Seminole Wars. Steamboats were used at the fort and during the Battle of Camp Monroe to relocate Seminoles, explore the St. Johns River, and to distribute military forces. During the second half of the 1830s, steamboats were used to tow barges from the river to Lake Monroe in order to stimulate trade. The first commercial steamboat was developed as the Brock Line in the early 1850s. As trade grew, various wharves and docks were built in locations such as Mellonville Avenue, Palmetto Avenue, Oak Street, and Sanford Avenue. The Debary-Baya Merchant Line began transporting passengers in 1883, which further developed the steamboat industry. The line was purchased by the Clyde Line in 1886 and remained open until 1933. The growth of railroads was the primary cause of the decline of the steamboat industry.
Original drawing by John Wilson Somerville: Steamboats Collection, Museum of Seminole County History, Sanford, Florida.
Museum of Seminole County History
City of Sanford After the Great Fire of 1887
The City of Stanford in the 1890s, after the Great Fire of 1887. The present-day Sanford, Florida, area was originally inhabited by the Mayaca and Joroco tribes by the time Europeans arrived. The tribe was decimated by war and disease by 1760 and was replaced by the Seminole tribe. In 1821, the United States acquired Florida from Spain and Americans began to settled in the state. Camp Monroe was established in the mid-1830s to defend the area against Seminoles during the Seminole Wars. Following an attack on February 8, 1837, the camp was renamed Fort Mellon in honor of the battle's only American casualty, Captain Charles Mellon. The Town of Mellonville was founded nearby in 1842 by Daniel Stewart. When Florida became a state three years later, Mellonville became the county seat for Orange County, which was originally a portion of Mosquito County. Citrus was the first cash crop in the area and the first fruit packing plant was constructed in 1869. In 1870, Henry Shelton Sanford purchased over 12,000 acres of land west of Mellonville to form the community of Sanford. which he called "The Gateway City to South Florida." Sanford was incorporated in 1877 and absorbed Mellonville in 1883. The Great Fire of 1887 devastated the city, which also suffered from a statewide epidemic of yellow fever the following year. The citrus industry flourished until the Great Freezes of 1894 and 1895, causing planters to begin growing celery in 1896 as an alternative. Celery replaced citrus as the city's cash crop and Sanford was nicknamed "The Celery City." In 1913, Sanford became the county seat of Seminole County, once part of Orange County. Agriculture dominated the region until Walt Disney World opened in October of 1971, effectively shifting the Central Florida economy towards tourism and residential development. In 2003, Sanford began the redevelopment of the waterfront with the RiverWalk Project to revitalize the city's riverfront.
Original black and white drawing: Sanford Museum, Sanford, Florida.
The docks at Palmetto Avenue in Sanford, Florida, in 1882. Sanford's telegraph office and Henry Shelton Sanford's company store are located at the base of Palmetto Avenue. Henry Shelton Sanford (1823-1891) was an American diplomat, lawyer, and businessman. Born in Derby, Connecticut, Sanford eventually joined the United States Diplomatic Corps in 1849. During his initial tenure in the Diplomatic Corps, Sanford served as Secretary of the American Legation at Paris. In 1853, he was promoted to the position of Chargé D'Affaires in France. In 1861, President Lincoln named Sanford as the U.S. Minister to Belgium. During the Civil War, Sanford served as a fiscal agent for the U.S. Government and supervised the U.S. Secret Service in Europe. After his tenure as Minister to Belgium, Sanford played a role in the establishment of the Congo Free State, a vast colony in Equatorial Africa under the direct control of the Belgian King Leopold II. In particular, it was Sanford who lobbied U.S. President Chester A. Arthur to recognize King Leopold's colony, a move that sparked broader international recognition of the Congo Free State. He also served as a delegate for the American Geographical Society at the International African Association Congress established by Leopold II and held in Brussels in 1887. Sanford organized the "Sanford Exploring Expedition," an expedition that served to answer scientific and commercial inquiries in the Congo. Aside from his diplomatic career, Sanford was also a businessman and investor. He made several real estate investments in Florida in the late 1860s and early 1870s, the most notable being the purchase of the "Sanford Grant" in May 1870. The grant encompassed over 20 square miles and provided the basis for the town that eventually bore Sanford's name. Sanford was convinced that Florida would prove a profitable place to invest. Anticipating significant traffic and commerce by waterway, Sanford bought a land grant positioned on Lake Monroe along the St. Johns River. The city of Sanford thus became deemed the "Gate City of South Florida" - the southernmost stop along the river. During the 1870s, Sanford invested significant amounts of money to the development of his city - he built a wharf, several hotels, a general store, and a sawmill - all of which he hoped would spur investment and growth in the city. Sanford also developed several experimental citrus groves in his Florida city. The first was St. Gertrude's Grove. The second and more successful grove was Belair, developed in the early 1870s. Though Sanford never lived in Florida, he did visit occasionally from the late 1860s until his death in 1891. His diplomatic and business duties kept him preoccupied abroad, and most of his development in Florida was undertaken by representatives and confidants. Following the "Great Freeze" of 1888, Sanford's Belair grove was destroyed. Sanford was committed to rebuilding the grove and, in the late stages of his life, he committed his energies to his Florida investments. He died several years later though, and his wife Gertrude, in an effort to settle debts owed in Europe and elsewhere following his death, sold many of Sanford's properties in Florida.
Original black and white photograph, 1882: Sanford Museum, Sanford, Florida.
City of Sanford Before the Great Fire of 1887
The City of Sanford riverfront in the 1880s, just before the Great Fire of 1887. The present-day Sanford, Florida, area was originally inhabited by the Mayaca and Joroco tribes by the time Europeans arrived. The tribe was decimated by war and disease by 1760 and was replaced by the Seminole tribe. In 1821, the United States acquired Florida from Spain and Americans began to settled in the state. Camp Monroe was established in the mid-1830s to defend the area against Seminoles during the Seminole Wars. Following an attack on February 8, 1837, the camp was renamed Fort Mellon in honor of the battle's only American casualty, Captain Charles Mellon. The Town of Mellonville was founded nearby in 1842 by Daniel Stewart. When Florida became a state three years later, Mellonville became the county seat for Orange County, which was originally a portion of Mosquito County. Citrus was the first cash crop in the area and the first fruit packing plant was constructed in 1869. In 1870, Henry Shelton Sanford purchased over 12,000 acres of land west of Mellonville to form the community of Sanford. which he called "The Gateway City to South Florida." Sanford was incorporated in 1877 and absorbed Mellonville in 1883. The Great Fire of 1887 devastated the city, which also suffered from a statewide epidemic of yellow fever the following year. The citrus industry flourished until the Great Freezes of 1894 and 1895, causing planters to begin growing celery in 1896 as an alternative. Celery replaced citrus as the city's cash crop and Sanford was nicknamed "The Celery City." In 1913, Sanford became the county seat of Seminole County, once part of Orange County. Agriculture dominated the region until Walt Disney World opened in October of 1971, effectively shifting the Central Florida economy towards tourism and residential development. In 2003, Sanford began the redevelopment of the waterfront with the RiverWalk Project to revitalize the city's riverfront.
Bandshell on Lake Monroe - Sanford, Fla.
The Veterans Memorial Park bandshell on Lake Monroe during the 1950s. Veterans Memorial Park, located at 110 East Seminole Boulevard in Sanford, Florida, was built in 1925 and included a bandshell. A flagpole and fountain were dedicated in memory of World War I veterans in 1927.
Original black and white photograph: The Seminole Herald, Sanford, Florida.
Robinson Street in Downtown Orlando, Florida in 2007. The Orlando area was originally occupied by the Creek and Seminole tribes. In 1838, Fort Gatlin was erected on the shores of Lake Gatlin, just a few miles south of present-day Downtown Orlando. Centered around Church Street, Orlando became a city in 1884. Originally a cattle town, Orlando grew into a major citrus growing center by the 1920s. The city continued to grow during the Great Depression with aid from the Work Progress Administration (WPA). During World War II, Orlando became a major military center as well with the development of the McCoy Air Force Base and Pinecastle Air Force Base, and with the addition of the Naval Training Center Orlando (NTC Orlando) in 1968. Downtown Orlando declined in the 1960s and 1970s. Redevelopment began in the 1970s and continued into the 1980s, with projects such as Church Street Station. In 1998, a building boom began and continued through the 2000s.
Original color digital image by Thomas Cook, 2007 : Private Collection of Thomas Cook.
Robinson Street, Downtown Orlando, Florida
Construction at the Orange Avenue Plaza Downtown Orlando, Florida, in 2007. The Orlando area was originally occupied by the Creek and Seminole tribes. In 1838, Fort Gatlin was erected on the shores of Lake Gatlin, just a few miles south of present-day Downtown Orlando. Centered around Church Street, Orlando became a city in 1884. Originally a cattle town, Orlando grew into a major citrus growing center by the 1920s. The city continued to grow during the Great Depression with aid from the Work Progress Administration (WPA). During World War II, Orlando became a major military center as well with the development of the McCoy Air Force Base and Pinecastle Air Force Base, and with the addition of the Naval Training Center Orlando (NTC Orlando) in 1968. Downtown Orlando declined in the 1960s and 1970s. Redevelopment began in the 1970s and continued into the 1980s, with projects such as Church Street Station. In 1998, a building boom began and continued through the 2000s.
Original color digital images by Thomas Cook, 2007: Private Collection of Thomas Cook.
Orange Avenue Plaza, Downtown Orlando, Florida
The holiday star located at the intersection of Central Boulevard and Orange Avenue in Downtown Orlando, Florida, in 2007. The holiday star tradition was started in 1955 by two department stores: Ivey's and Dickson & Ives. The stores hung a large gold-colored star from the southwest corner of Central Boulevard and Orange Avenue to the southeast corner. Wilson Reed, owner of Dickson & Ives at the time, is credited with the idea. The star used since 1984 measured 13 feet in diameter and weighed over 500 pounds. In 2005, the original was replaced by a more ornate star, which can be seen in this image.
Orange Avenue and Central Boulevar, Downtown Orlando, Florida
The holiday star located at the intersection of Central Boulevard and Orange Avenue in Downtown Orlando, Florida, in 2003. The holiday star tradition was started in 1955 by two department stores: Ivey's and Dickson & Ives. The stores hung a large gold-colored star from the southwest corner of Central Boulevard and Orange Avenue to the southeast corner. Wilson Reed, owner of Dickson & Ives at the time, is credited with the idea. The star used since 1984, which can be seen in this image, measured 13 feet in diameter and weighed over 500 pounds. In 2005, the original was replaced by a more ornate star.
Original color digital images by Thomas Cook, 2003: Private Collection of Thomas Cook.
Orange Avenue and Central Boulevard, 2001
The intersection of Orange Avenue and Central Boulevard in Downtown Orlando in 2001, Florida. The SunTrust Center can be seen on the left and a Lynx bus stop can be seen on the right. The Orlando area was originally occupied by the Creek and Seminole tribes. In 1838, Fort Gatlin was erected on the shores of Lake Gatlin, just a few miles south of present-day Downtown Orlando. Centered around Church Street in Orlando, Orlando became a city in 1884. Originally a cattle town, Orlando grew into a major citrus growing center by the 1920s. The city continued to grow during the Great Depression with aid from the Work Progress Administration (WPA). During World War II, Orlando became a major military center as well with the development of the McCoy Air Force Base and Pinecastle Air Force Base, and with the addition of the Naval Training Center Orlando (NTC Orlando) in 1968. Downtown Orlando declined in the 1960s and 1970s. Redevelopment began in the 1970s and continued into the 1980s, with projects such as Church Street Station. In 1998, a building boom began and continued through the 2000s.
Original color digital image by Thomas Cook, 2001: Private Collection of Thomas Cook.
The Lynx Central Station, located at 455 North Garland Avenue in Downtown Orlando, Florida, during renovations in 2004. The former bus station was located at 78 West Central Boulevard, which is the site of City of Orlando Fire Station No. 1 as of 2013. Lynx is operated by the Central Florida Regional Transportation Authority (CFRTA) and serves the Greater Orlando area, including Orange County, Seminole County, and Osceola County, as well as limited service to Lake County, Volusia County, and Polk County. The CFRTA was formed in May 1972 under the name the Orange-Seminole-Osceola Transportation Authority (OSOTA). In 1984, the bus service was renamed the Tri-Country Transit (TCT). In 1992, the TCT began operating as Lynx and the OSOTA's name was officially changed to the Central Florida Regional Transportation Authority. The Lynx Central Station was opened in 2004 and serves as the central hub of the bus network. The station is expected to serve as a station for the SunRail.
Original color digital image by Thomas Cook, 2004: Private Collection of Thomas Cook.
Lynx Central Station, Downtown Orlando, Florida
North Court Avenue at East Washington Street in Downtown Orlando, Florida, in 2003. The Orlando area was originally occupied by the Creek and Seminole tribes. In 1838, Fort Gatlin was erected on the shores of Lake Gatlin, just a few miles south of present-day Downtown Orlando. Centered around Church Street in Orlando, Orlando became a city in 1884. Originally a cattle town, Orlando grew into a major citrus growing center by the 1920s. The city continued to grow during the Great Depression with aid from the Work Progress Administration (WPA). During World War II, Orlando became a major military center as well with the development of the McCoy Air Force Base and Pinecastle Air Force Base, and with the addition of the Naval Training Center (NTC) Orlando in 1968. Downtown Orlando declined in the 1960s and 1970s. Redevelopment began in the 1970s and continued into the 1980s, with projects such as the Church Street Station entertainment complex. In 1998, a building boom began and continued through the 2000s.
Original color digital image by Thomas Cook, 2003: Private Collection of Thomas Cook.
The Orange Blossom Special, the last train at the Church Street Station, located at 76-135 West Church Street in Downtown Orlando, Florida, in 2001. The original site was occupied by a railroad depot built around 1883 for the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Company. The depot was designed by T. B. Cotter in the Queen Anne/Eclectic Victorian style and constructed by Henry Bradley Plant. The building was demolished around 1890. The current Church Street Station was constructed by the South Florida Railroad on the same lot. The site also served the Tavares, Orlando and Atlantic Railroad, and the Orlando and Winter Park Railway. In 1926, the Orlando Health/Amtrak station took over passenger operations, but Church Street Station continued to serve as a ticket outlet and freight station until 1972. In 1973, a Dixieland-theme entertainment complex was established between the railroad tracks and Garland Avenue in seven vacant buildings for $22 million. The depot itself houses retail shops. The depot was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 1976 and named an Orlando Historic Landmark in 1978. In 1988, the complex was expanded to include the Church Street Exchange and the Church Street Market. The development was led by Bob Snow and Steve Fuller and sold in 1989 for $61 million. The complex peaked in the 1980s, drawing approximately 1.7 million visitors a year. Due to failure to compete with major theme parks, visitor attendance dwindled and the complex was sold in 2001, only to close shortly after. The Orange Blossom Special, remained at the station until January of 2012. The 100-year-old engine was transported to the Florida Railroad Museum in Parrish in order to make room for the new SunRail platform. Church Street Station is on the National Register of Historic Places.
Original color digital image by Thomas Cook, 2002: Private Collection of Thomas Cook.
Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Depot, Downtown Orlando, Florida
South Florida Railroad Depot, Downtown Orlando, Florida
Church Street Station, Downtown Orlando, Florida
Church Street Station Entertainment Complex, Downtown Orlando, Florida
Church Street Station, located at 76-135 West Church Street in Downtown Orlando, Florida, in 2002. The original site was occupied by a railroad depot built around 1883 for the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Company. The depot was designed by T. B. Cotter in the Queen Anne/Eclectic Victorian style and constructed by Henry Bradley Plant. The building was demolished around 1890. The current Church Street Station was constructed by the South Florida Railroad on the same lot. The site also served the Tavares, Orlando and Atlantic Railroad, and the Orlando and Winter Park Railway. In 1926, the Orlando Health/Amtrak station took over passenger operations, but Church Street Station continued to serve as a ticket outlet and freight station until 1972. In 1973, a Dixieland-theme entertainment complex was established between the railroad tracks and Garland Avenue in seven vacant buildings for $22 million. The depot itself houses retail shops. The depot was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 1976 and named an Orlando Historic Landmark in 1978. In 1988, the complex was expanded to include the Church Street Exchange and the Church Street Market. The development was led by Bob Snow and Steve Fuller and sold in 1989 for $61 million. The complex peaked in the 1980s, drawing approximately 1.7 million visitors a year. Due to failure to compete with major theme parks, visitor attendance dwindled and the complex was sold in 2001, only to close shortly after.
The Church Street Market Building, located at the corner of West Pine Street and South Garland Avenue in Downtown Orlando, Florida, in 2002. In 1972, entrepreneur Bob Snow made plans to develop an entertainment complex in order to revitalize Downtown Orlando. Several restaurants, clubs, and other attractions opened in the 1970s. By 1985, the market, also known as Church Street Station, became the fourth-largest attraction in Florida, following Walt Disney World, Sea World, and Busch Gardens. In 1989, Snow sold his interest to a subsidiary of Baltimore Gas and Electric company. Church Street Station completed a major expansion for $5.5 million in 1994. By 1998, the market began decreasing in popularity and was bought and sold by several owners until it went into bankruptcy under Lou Pearlman in 2007. In 2010, the Amway Center arena opened on West Church Street and stimulated a new influx of business.
Church Street Market, Downtown Orlando, Florida
Blue Star Memorial Highway Historic Marker, 2003
The Blue Star Memorial Highway historic marker, located on Conway Road near Lake Margaret Road in Conway in Orlando, Florida, in 2003. Blue Star Memorial Highways are marked to pay homage to the United States Armed Forces. The National Garden Clubs, Inc., now the National Council of State Garden Clubs, began the program to dedicate highways in 1945. In 1947, the Florida State Legislature designed U.S. Route 1 as the first Blue Star Memorial Highway in Florida. The marker in Orlando is sponsored by the Conway Garden Club in cooperation with the Florida Federation of Garden Clubs and the Florida Department of Transportation.
Blue Star Memorial Highway Historic Marker, Conway, Orlando, Florida
Lake Lucerne in Downtown Orlando, Florida, 2001. Lake Lucerne is one of two primary lakes connected with the earliest days of the City of Orlando. Along with Lake Eola, it defined one of the natural borders of the young town in the 1860s and 1870s. Lake Lucerne sits at the southern end of the Downtown Orlando area. Orange Avenue, the main north-south street through the city, crosses the lake on a causeway which nearly divides the lake in half. The East-West Expressway, also known as Florida State Road 408, passes directly to the north. The area was one of the first to be developed with houses outside the business district and continues to be one of the jewels of Orlando's park system.
Original color digital images by Thomas Cook, 2001: Private Collection of Thomas Cook.
Lake Eola Park in Downtown Orlando, Florida, 2007. Lake Eola and its surrounding park is one of the unusual features that sets Orlando apart from other cities. In the middle of the lake rests the Linton E. Allen Memorial Fountain, Orlando's unofficial symbol. The fountain was installed in 1912, costing $10,000. In 1957, a replacement originally called the Centennial Fountain was installed, costing $350,000. From its earliest days, Downtown Orlando was situated on the west side of the lake. As the town grew into a city, Lake Eola continued to be a focal point for the inhabitants, who used the lake for bathing, swimming and fishing, and its shores picnicking, listening to concerts, and participating in religious services. Much of the land around Lake Eola was donated to Orlando by Jacob Summerlin who designated that it be a public park. It has remained one ever since. The rest of the park land was donated by the Musselwhite Family and Mayor Frank Sperry.
Lake Eola Park, Downtown Orlando, Florida
Linton E. Allen Memorial Fountain, Lake Eola Park, Downtown Orlando, Florida
The former Harley Hotel building, located at 151 East Washington Street in Downtown Orlando, Florida, in 2003. Lake Eola and the Linton E. Allen Memorial Fountain can be seen in the distance. The site was originally occupied by Memorial High School, the second high school constructed in Orlando. In 1961, the school building was sold to hotel owners from Jacksonville. In 1963, the school building was razed and replaced by the Robert Meyer Hotel, which contained 250 rooms. The hotel became the Kahler Plaza Inn in 1972 and then the Harley Hotel in the late 1970s, when it was purchased by Harry Helmlsey. In the 1990s, the hotel was purchased and renamed Four Points by Sheraton Orlando, which closed in 2003. In 2004, developer David Eichenblatt began converting the hotel into the Metropolitan at Lake Eola condominiums, which contains 128 units as of 2013.
Memorial High School, Downtown Orlando, Florida
Robert Meyer Hotel, Downtown Orlando, Florida
Kahler Plaza Inn, Downtown Orlando, Florida
Four Points by Sheraton Orlando, Downtown Orlando, Florida
The Metropolitan at Lake Eola, Downtown Orlando, Florida
Lake Eola Park in Downtown Orlando, Florida, 2001. Lake Eola and its surrounding park is one of the unusual features that sets Orlando apart from other cities. In the middle of the lake rests the Linton E. Allen Memorial Fountain, Orlando's unofficial symbol. The fountain was installed in 1912, costing $10,000. In 1957, a replacement originally called the Centennial Fountain was installed, costing $350,000. From its earliest days, Downtown Orlando was situated on the west side of the lake. As the town grew into a city, Lake Eola continued to be a focal point for the inhabitants, who used the lake for bathing, swimming and fishing, and its shores picnicking, listening to concerts, and participating in religious services. Much of the land around Lake Eola was donated to Orlando by Jacob Summerlin who designated that it be a public park. It has remained one ever since. The rest of the park land was donated by the Musselwhite Family and Mayor Frank Sperry.
Sperry Fountain at Lake Eola Park Downtown Orlando, Florida, in 2001. The fountain was named in honor of Frank Ezra Sperry (1843-1916), Mayor of Orlando from 1914 to 1916. Born in Bethany, Connecticut, Sperry was a graduate of the Fort Edward Institute, a farmer, a grocer, and founder of Sperry Manufacturing Company. In 1885, he and his wife, Mary W. Pratt Sperry (1848-1932), migrated to Orlando and founded the South Florida Foundry and Machine Works, grew citrus, and served as a member of the Park Commission. In 1913, Sperry donated land to be added to Lake Eola Park, as well as $2,000 to erect a fountain. He passed away suddenly that same year while serving as mayor.
Sperry Fountain, Lake Eola Park, Downtown Orlando, Florida
A wakeboard ramp on Lake Eola Downtown Orlando, Florida, in 2007. Lake Eola and its surrounding park is one of the unusual features that sets Orlando apart from other cities. In the middle of the lake rests the Linton E. Allen Memorial Fountain, Orlando's unofficial symbol. The fountain was installed in 1912, costing $10,000. In 1957, a replacement originally called the Centennial Fountain was installed, costing $350,000. From its earliest days, Downtown Orlando was situated on the west side of the lake. As the town grew into a city, Lake Eola continued to be a focal point for the inhabitants, who used the lake for bathing, swimming and fishing, and its shores picnicking, listening to concerts, and participating in religious services. Much of the land around Lake Eola was donated to Orlando by Jacob Summerlin who designated that it be a public park. It has remained one ever since. The rest of the park land was donated by the Musselwhite Family and Mayor Frank Sperry.
Linton E. Allen Memorial Fountain, Downtown Orlando, Florida
Dr. J. B. Callahan Neighborhood Center, 2003
Dr. J. B. Callahan Neighborhood Center, located at 101 North Parramore Avenue in Downtown Orlando, Florida, in 2003. From 1921 to 1922, a school for African-American children was constructed in Parramore and named after L. C. Jones, the third principal of Johnson Academy. The structure was designed by Howard Reynolds and built by Joseph Hanner. Later named Jones High School, the school was originally formed for students through grade ten. In 1952, the high school moved to a new location and the building was converted to Callahan Elementary School, the only elementary school serving the Parramore community. In 1970, Callahan Elementary became the only school in Orange County to close permanently due to desegregation. The site was converted into a community center and was renamed the Dr. J. B. Callahan Neighborhood Center in 1995.
Jones School, Parramore, Downtown Orlando, Florida
Jones High School, Parramore, Downtown Orlando, Florida
Callahan Elementary School, Parramore, Downtown Orlando, Florida
Dr. J. B. Callahan Neighborhood Center, Parramore, Downtown Orlando, Florida
Dr. J. B. Callahan Neighborhood Center Historic Marker, 2003
The historic marker for the Dr. J. B. Callahan Neighborhood Center, located at 101 North Parramore Avenue in Downtown Orlando, Florida, in 2003. From 1921 to 1922, a school for African-American children was constructed in Parramore and named after L. C. Jones, the third principal of Johnson Academy. The structure was designed by Howard Reynolds and built by Joseph Hanner. Later named Jones High School, the school was originally formed for students through grade ten. In 1952, the high school moved to a new location and the building was converted to Callahan Elementary School, the only elementary school serving the Parramore community. In 1970, Callahan Elementary became the only school in Orange County to close permanently due to desegregation. The site was converted into a community center and was renamed the Dr. J. B. Callahan Neighborhood Center in 1995.
Wells' Built Museum of African American History and Culture, 2007
The Wells' Built Museum of African American History and Culture, located at 511 West South Street in Downtown Orlando, Florida, in 2007. The hotel was constructed by one of Orlando's first African-American physicians, Dr. William Monroe Wells, to accommodate African Americans who could not otherwise find welcome lodging. Dr. Wells also built the South Street Casino, which was host to a various African-American performers traveling along the Chitlin' Circuit, including Ray Charles, B. B. King, Louis Armstrong, Guitar Slim, and Bo Diddley. In 1997, the building was acquired by the Association to Preserve African American Society, History and Tradition, Inc., which sought to restore and preserve the structure. Although the casino no longer remains, the original Wells' Built Hotel was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places on February 4, 2000. In June 2009, the hotel reopened as the Wells' Built Museum of African American History and Culture.
Original color digital image by Thomas Cook, 2007: Private Collection of Thomas Cook.
Wells' Built Hotel, Downtown Orlando, Florida
Wells' Built Museum of African American History and Culture, Downtown Orlando, Florida
The former Orlando Hotel building, located at 129-135 West Church Street in Downtown Orlando, Florida,in 2002. The site was originally occupied by the Slemons Department Store. In 1924, the current brick building was constructed by the J. C. Hanner Construction Company. The originally pressed metal ceiling, the mezzanine, and the tile awning of the second floor fade have been preserved from the original Orlando Hotel. The building was briefly occupied by a clothing store owned by Nat and Pauline Berman, who later sold it to Ben and Sam Arstein. In 1950, the building was purchased by the Belk-Lindsey Company. In 1973, Steve Fuller and Bob Snow purchased the property to begin the development of Church Street Station. The following year, it was transformed into the Rosie O'Grady's Goodtime Emporium.
Slemons Department Store, Downtown Orlando, Florida
Orlando Hotel, Downtown Orlando, Florida
Nat and Pauline Berman's Store, Downtown Orlando, Florida
Ben and Sam Arstein's Store, Downtown Orlando, Florida
Belk-Lindsey Company, Downtown Orlando, Florida
Rosie O'Grady's Goodtime Emporium, Downtown Orlando, Florida
The former Harley Hotel building, located at 151 East Washington Street in Downtown Orlando, Florida, in 2007. The site was originally occupied by Memorial High School, the second high school constructed in Orlando. In 1961, the school building was sold to hotel owners from Jacksonville. In 1963, the school building was razed and replaced by the Robert Meyer Hotel, which contained 250 rooms. The hotel became the Kahler Plaza Inn in 1972 and then the Harley Hotel in the late 1970s, when it was purchased by Harry Helmlsey. In the 1990s, the hotel was purchased and renamed Four Points by Sheraton Orlando, which closed in 2003. In 2004, developer David Eichenblatt began converting the hotel into the Metropolitan at Lake Eola condominiums, which contains 128 units as of 2013.
The Angebilt Hotel, located at 37 North Orange Avenue in Downtown Orlando, Florda, in 2002. The building was constructed between 1921 and 1923. Plans to build the hotel were announced in June 1921 and construction cost $1 million. Florida's first registered architect, Murray S. King, designed the building in the twentieth century commercial style, complete with eleven stories and 240 hotel rooms. The Angebilt Hotel opened on March 14, 1923. The original owner was Joseph Fenner Ange, who moved to Orlando in 1913 from Martin County, North Carolina. Two months after the building's opening, Ange sold his interest in the hotel. In November 1924, a group of Orlando businessmen purchased the hotel for $1.25 million. Since its opening, the building has housed the Angebilt Hotel, the Bank of Orange and Trust Company, and the offices for two radio stations including Way Down By Orlando (WDBO), which was the first regular radio station in Orlando. As of 2010, it also is occupied by business offices and two restaurants.
Angebilt Hotel, Downtown Orlando, Florida
Bank of Orange and Trust Company, Downtown Orlando, Florida
Way Down By Orlando, Downtown Orlando, Florida
55 West, located at 55 West Church Street in Downtown Orlando, Florida, during construction in 2007. 55 West is an apartment building that overlooks Church Street Station and stands next to the SunTrust Center. Construction was completed in 2009. 55 West is currently the fifth tallest building in Downtown Orlando. The building also houses a 7-Eleven and Loft 55, a restaurant/nightclub on the bottom floor.
Original color digital images by Thomas Cook, March 7, 2007: Private Collection of Thomas Cook.
55 West on the Esplanade, Downtown Orlando, Florida
The Fort Gatlin Historic Marker, located near the corner of Summerlin Avenue and Gatlin Avenue in Orlando, Florida, in 2004. Fort Gatlin was a U.S. Army fort established during the Second Seminole Indian War (1835-1842) on November 9, 1838, in Mosquito County, Florida. The fort was named in honor of Army Assistant Surgeon John S. Gatlin (1806-1835), a casualty of the Dade Massacre in 1835. The fort's location overlooked three lakes and was frequented by Seminole warriors led by King Philip, the Seminole Chief, and his son, Coacoochee. The fort was active until the Army withdrew from the area in 1849. A number of soldiers and their families settled in the area to grow citrus and raise cattle. In 1856, Fort Gatlin became the county seat for Orange County, formerly part of Mosquito County. The community changed the name to Orlando. In 1941, the U.S. Navy established the Underwater Sound Research Laboratory on Lake Gem Mary. The laboratory was closed in 1997. This historic marker was erected when Fort Gatlin was declared a Florida Historic Site and is sponsored by the Fort Gatlin Historical Group, Orange County Public Schools, the Orange County Government, and the Florida Department of State. An earlier historic marker was erected by the Orlando Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR) on March 27, 1924.
Underwater Sound Research Laboratory, Downtown Orlando, Florida
Fort Gatlin Historic Marker, Downtown Orlando, Florida
The Fort Gatlin Historic Marker, located near the corner of Summerlin Avenue and Gatlin Avenue in Orlando, Florida, in 2004. Fort Gatlin was a U.S. Army fort established during the Second Seminole Indian War (1835-1842) on November 9, 1838, in Mosquito County, Florida. The fort was named in honor of Army Assistant Surgeon John S. Gatlin (1806-1835), a casualty of the Dade Massacre in 1835. The fort's location overlooked three lakes and was frequented by Seminole warriors led by King Philip, the Seminole Chief, and his son, Coacoochee. The fort was active until the Army withdrew from the area in 1849. A number of soldiers and their families settled in the area to grow citrus and raise cattle. In 1856, Fort Gatlin became the county seat for Orange County, formerly part of Mosquito County. The community changed the name to Orlando. In 1941, the U.S. Navy established the Underwater Sound Research Laboratory on Lake Gem Mary. The laboratory was closed in 1997. This historic marker was erected by the Orlando Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR) on March 27, 1924. Another historic marker was erected when Fort Gatlin was declared a Florida Historic Site and is sponsored by the Fort Gatlin Historical Group, Orange County Public Schools, the Orange County Government, and the Florida Department of State.
The Davis National Guard Armory, located at 649 West Livingston Street in Downtown Orlando, Florida, in 2003. In September of 1937, the City of Orlando donated land and $80,000 to deter the U.S. National Guard from relocating outside of Orlando. The City dedicated the Orlando Armory on December 23, 1938. In 1941, the armory was used as a disbursing station for the United States Air Force and was also used as a recreation club. In May of that same year, the building as renamed for Lieutenant Colonel Robert C. Davis (1898-1941), the first native of Orlando to be killed while serving in World War II. In 1951, the Armory was leased to the United States Naval Reserve and used as a training facility. In the 1960s, the military relocated the Armory to a new location on Primrose Street. The original building was converted to the Orlando Downtown Recreation Complex.
Orlando Armory, Downtown Orlando, Florida
Davis National Guard Armory, Downtown Orlando, Florida
Orlando Downtown Recreation Complex, Downtown Orlando, Florida
The historic marker for Council Oak, located on South Ferncreek Avenue in Orlando, Florida, in 2002. This two-and-a-half-foot concrete marker with a brass plaque designates the traditional meeting place of the Native American chiefs during the Second Seminole War (1835-1842). The original location had the Council Oak, believed to be the largest living oak in all of Central and South Florida. In the late 1800s, the tree was struck by lightning and no longer exists. The marker was erected by the Orange County Historical Commission on August 19, 1970.
Original color digital images by Thomas Cook, 2002: Private Collection of Thomas Cook.
Council Oak Historic Marker, Orlando, Florida
The Historic Sanford Memorial Stadium, located at 1201 South Mellonville Avenue in Sanford, Florida, in 2011. The stadium was built on the original site of the Sanford Municipal Athletic Field, which was erected in 1926. Many major league stars have played in the stadium including Babe Ruth, Jackie Robinson, Willie Mays, Tim Raines, and David Eckstein. Sanford Stadium is best known as the location where Jackie Robinson first took to the field in 1946 to play baseball as a member of a white Class AAA International League Team in Daytona Beach, which was partnered with the Montreal Royals. When Robinson took the field, however, the crowd booed him off before he could play. The police chief had threatened to cancel the game if Robinson took the field. Sanford Stadium was also used as the Spring Training Facility for the Boston Braves in 1942 and the New York Giants in 1951. In 2001, the stadium was refurbished, costing $2 million. During the 2009, Sanford Stadium was the home of the Seminole County Naturals of the Florida Winter Baseball League, which suspended operations during the season due to lack of funding. As of 2013, the stadium served as the home of the Sanford Babe Ruth Baseball League and the Sanford River Rats of the Florida Collegiate Summer League. The ballpark features 415 box seats and 1,600 bleacher seats.
Original color digital images by Geoffrey V. Cravero, July 26, 2011.
Historic Sanford Memorial Stadium, Sanford, Florida
Sanford Municipal Athletic Field, Sanford, Florida
Leather industry and trade--United States
A newspaper articleon the tobacco and leather industries in Florida. The article was written by C. D. Leffler, President of the Young Men's Business League, and published by Manufacturers Record: A Weekly Southern Industrial Railroad and Financial Newspaper. According to the article, Florida had "become a great cigar and tobacco centre, especially for [C]lear Havana goods," a cigar brand. The cigar industry was first brought to Florida by Cuban immigrants in the 1830s and became one of the most important industries in the Southeast by the last quarter of the 19th century, with Tampa serving as the cigar manufacturing center in the state. In the late 1800s, cigar factories began to appear in various other Florida cities, such as Jacksonville and Tallahassee. Cigar manufacturing first appeared in Sanford sometime between 1909 and 1912. The Florida cigar industry came to its peak in the first quarter of the 20th century, but then declined during the Great Depression and World War II, due to the accumulation of labor union conflicts over the years, the mechanization of production, and changing consumer demands. The industry was revitalized during the 1950s as production soared, despite the decline of the number of workers. Following the Cuban Revolution of the late 1950s and the U.S. embargo on Cuban products in 1962, the Florida cigar industry again declined. The Cuban embargo included tobacco, thus forcing American cigar rollers to begin using Dominican tobacco. The article also discusses prospects for the leather industry in Florida, which had a virtually unlimited supply of palmetto, a root plant commonly used in the tanning process. Lastly, Leffler briefly cites the starch, tapioca, and artesian water industries.
Photocopy of original newspaper article by C. D. Leffler: "Tobacco and Leather." Manufacturers Record: A Weekly Southern Industrial Railroad and Financial Newspaper, July 19, 1895, page 384: Cigar Making Collection, Sanford Museum, Sanford, Florida.
Manufacturers Record: A Weekly Southern Industrial Railroad and Financial Newspaper
New Cigar Factory: Sanford Will Be Center for Clear Havana Cigars in Future
A newspaper article about Florida-Cuba Cigar Company, a new cigar factory coming to Sanford, Florida, in 1919. The article describes the strategic location of the city for the growing cigar industry. The new factory was located on the second floor of Bishop Block, located at 301-309 East First Street in Downtown Sanford, and has churned out new cigar brands, such as the Tampa Trail, the Peg, the Some Brush, and others. The cigar industry was first brought to Florida by Cuban immigrants in the 1830s and became one of the most important industries in the Southeast by the last quarter of the 19th century, with Tampa serving as the cigar manufacturing center in the state. In the late 1800s, cigar factories began to appear in various other Florida cities, such as Jacksonville and Tallahassee. Cigar manufacturing first appeared in Sanford sometime between 1909 and 1912. The Florida cigar industry came to its peak in the first quarter of the 20th century, but then declined during the Great Depression and World War II, due to the accumulation of labor union conflicts over the years, the mechanization of production, and changing consumer demands. The industry was revitalized during the 1950s as production soared, despite the decline of the number of workers. Following the Cuban Revolution of the late 1950s and the U.S. embargo on Cuban products in 1962, the Florida cigar industry again declined. The Cuban embargo included tobacco, thus forcing American cigar rollers to begin using Dominican tobacco.
Photocopy of original newspaper article: "New Cigar Factory: Sanford Will Be Center for Clear Havana Cigars in Future." June 6, 1919: Cigars Collection, Museum of Seminole County History, Sanford, Florida.
Florida-Cuba Cigar Company, Downtown Sanford, Florida
A Lucky Sanford cigar box housed in the Sanford Museum, located at 520 East First Street in Downtown Sanford, florida.. The cigar box was manufactured by John J. Mauser, who opened a factory, located at 120 North Park Avenue. His cigar shop occupied the space from approximately 1910 to 1922. Mauser also manufactured Banker's Choice and Clear Havana cigars. The cigar industry was first brought to Florida by Cuban immigrants in the 1830s and became one of the most important industries in the Southeast by the last quarter of the 19th century, with Tampa serving as the cigar manufacturing center in the state. In the late 1800s, cigar factories began to appear in various other Florida cities, such as Jacksonville and Tallahassee. Cigar manufacturing first appeared in Sanford sometime between 1909 and 1912. The Florida cigar industry came to its peak in the first quarter of the 20th century, but then declined during the Great Depression and World War II, due to the accumulation of labor union conflicts over the years, the mechanization of production, and changing consumer demands. The industry was revitalized during the 1950s as production soared, despite the decline of the number of workers. Following the Cuban Revolution of the late 1950s and the U.S. embargo on Cuban products in 1962, the Florida cigar industry again declined. The Cuban embargo included tobacco, thus forcing American cigar rollers to begin using Dominican tobacco.
Original cigar box: John J. Mauser, Sanford, Florida. Sanford Museum, Sanford, Florida.
John J. Mauser Cigar Shop, Downtown Sanford, Florida
Lucien R. Philips & Company Advertisement
An advertisement for Lucien R. Philips' Rexall drugstore in 1910. The ad was published in the Industrial Edition of Sanford Chronicle, a newspaper published by The Sanford Herald. This drugstore was originally established by Lucien R. Philips' brother, A. E. Philips, at the corner of East First Street and North Park Avenue in Downtown Sanford, Florida. By 1892, A. E. Philips was the only druggist in Sanford, but in 1894, he handed over ownership of the drugstore to Lucien. The pharmacy did not strictly sell drugs, but instead sold many types of items, including stationery, Kodak supplies, ice cream, soda water, candy, cigars, and tobacco.
Digital reproduction of original newspaper article, 1910: "L. R. Philips & Company." Sanford Chronicle, Industrial Edition, Winter 1910, page 53: DP0008192. Central Florida Memory. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/CFM/id/120265.
The Sanford Herald
Lucien R. Philips & Company, Downtown Sanford, Florida
An advertisement for Lucien R. Philips' Rexalldrug store in 1917. The ad was published in Sanford High School's yearbook, Salmagundi. This drugstore was originally established by Lucien R. Philips' brother, A. E. Philips, at the corner of East First Street and North Park Avenue in Downtown Sanford, Florida. By 1892, A. E. Philips was the only druggist in Sanford, but in 1894, he handed over ownership of the drugstore to Lucien. The pharmacy did not strictly sell drugs, but instead sold many types of items, including stationery, Kodak supplies, ice cream, soda water, candy, cigars, and tobacco.
Digital reproduction of original yearbook advertisement, 1917: Salmagundi, 1917. Sanford High School, Sanford, Florida, page 69: tag number DP0010405, Central Florida Memory, http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/CFM/id/120698.
L. R. Philips & Company, Downtown Sanford, Florida
John J. Mauser: Manufacturer of Clear Havana Cigars
A newspaper article from the Industrial Edition of Sanford Chronicle, which was published by The Sanford Herald. The article is about John J. Mauser, a cigar manufacturer who opened a factory, located at 120 North Park Avenue, in Downtown Sanford, Florida in 1910. The cigar shop occupied the space from approximately 1910 to 1922. Mauser manufactured Lucky Sanford, Banker's Choice, and Clear Havana cigars. As of 2011, this building was occupied by St. Johns Realty Company, led by A. Bart Peterson. The cigar industry was first brought to Florida by Cuban immigrants in the 1830s and became one of the most important industries in the Southeast by the last quarter of the 19th century, with Tampa serving as the cigar manufacturing center in the state. In the late 1800s, cigar factories began to appear in various other Florida cities, such as Jacksonville and Tallahassee. Cigar manufacturing first appeared in Sanford sometime between 1909 and 1912. The Florida cigar industry came to its peak in the first quarter of the 20th century, but then declined during the Great Depression and World War II, due to the accumulation of labor union conflicts over the years, the mechanization of production, and changing consumer demands. The industry was revitalized during the 1950s as production soared, despite the decline of the number of workers. Following the Cuban Revolution of the late 1950s and the U.S. embargo on Cuban products in 1962, the Florida cigar industry again declined. The Cuban embargo included tobacco, thus forcing American cigar rollers to begin using Dominican tobacco.
Digital reproduction of original newspaper article, 1910: "John J. Mauser: Manufacturer of Clear Havana Cigars." Sanford Chronicle, Industrial Edition, Winter 1910, page 62: DP0008192. Central Florida Memory. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/CFM/id/120274.
A Sanford High School yearbook advertisement for Joe's Smoke House, a cigar shop owned by Joe Reizenstein and located in the Woodruff Building on the northwest corner of South Park Avenue and West First Street in Sanford, Florida, in 1919. The Woodruff Building, commonly known as the Bell Hotel, was built in 1895 and used popularly as a billiard parlor and cigar shop. The structure was demolished in October of 1964 and replaced by a parking lot. The cigar industry was first brought to Florida by Cuban immigrants in the 1830s and became one of the most important industries in the Southeast by the last quarter of the 19th century, with Tampa serving as the cigar manufacturing center in the state. In the late 1800s, cigar factories began to appear in various other Florida cities, such as Jacksonville and Tallahassee. Cigar manufacturing first appeared in Sanford sometime between 1909 and 1912. The Florida cigar industry came to its peak in the first quarter of the 20th century, but then declined during the Great Depression and World War II, due to the accumulation of labor union conflicts over the years, the mechanization of production, and changing consumer demands. The industry was revitalized during the 1950s as production soared, despite the decline of the number of workers. Following the Cuban Revolution of the late 1950s and the U.S. embargo on Cuban products in 1962, the Florida cigar industry again declined. The Cuban embargo included tobacco, thus forcing American cigar rollers to begin using Dominican tobacco.
Digital reproduction of original yearbook advertisement: Salmagundi, 1919. Sanford High School, Sanford, Florida, page 85: tag number DP0008870, Central Florida Memory, http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/CFM/id/119652.
Sanford High School
Joe's Smoke House, Downtown Sanford, Florida
Woodruff Building, Downtown Sanford, Florida
Sanford High School, Downtown Sanford, Florida
Former Location of the John J. Mauser Cigar Shop
The former location of a John J. Mauser cigar shop at 120 North Park Avenue in Sanford, Florida. The cigar shop occupied the space approximately between 1910 and 1922. John J. Mauser manufactured Lucky Sanford, Banker's Choice, and Clear Havana cigars. As of 2011, this building was occupied by St. Johns Realty Company, led by A. Bart Peterson. The cigar industry was first brought to Florida by Cuban immigrants in the 1830s and became one of the most important industries in the Southeast by the last quarter of the 19th century, with Tampa serving as the cigar manufacturing center in the state. In the late 1800s, cigar factories began to appear in various other Florida cities, such as Jacksonville and Tallahassee. Cigar manufacturing first appeared in Sanford sometime between 1909 and 1912. The Florida cigar industry came to its peak in the first quarter of the 20th century, but then declined during the Great Depression and World War II, due to the accumulation of labor union conflicts over the years, the mechanization of production, and changing consumer demands. The industry was revitalized during the 1950s as production soared, despite the decline of the number of workers. Following the Cuban Revolution of the late 1950s and the U.S. embargo on Cuban products in 1962, the Florida cigar industry again declined. The Cuban embargo included tobacco, thus forcing American cigar rollers to begin using Dominican tobacco.
Original digital color image by Laura Cepero, July 9, 2011.
St. Johns Realty Company, Downtown Sanford, Florida
Newspaper quotation from an Orlando citizen about new that a cigar manufacturer would be bringing one hundred families to Sanford, Florida. This item demonstrates that rivalry between businessmen and politicians of Sanford and Orlando. This rivalry began in 1875 when Henry Shelton Sanford, the founder of Sanford, offered free land for an Orange County courthouse on the condition that the county seat be moved to his town. Sanford was outbid by Orlando cattleman Jacob Summerlin, who lent the county $10,000 to keep the courthouse in his city. The rivalry culminated in the northern part of Orange County creating its own county, Seminole County, with Sanford as its county seat. The cigar industry was first brought to Florida by Cuban immigrants in the 1830s and became one of the most important industries in the Southeast by the last quarter of the 19th century, with Tampa serving as the cigar manufacturing center in the state. In the late 1800s, cigar factories began to appear in various other Florida cities, such as Jacksonville and Tallahassee. Cigar manufacturing first appeared in Sanford sometime between 1909 and 1912. The Florida cigar industry came to its peak in the first quarter of the 20th century, but then declined during the Great Depression and World War II, due to the accumulation of labor union conflicts over the years, the mechanization of production, and changing consumer demands. The industry was revitalized during the 1950s as production soared, despite the decline of the number of workers. Following the Cuban Revolution of the late 1950s and the U.S. embargo on Cuban products in 1962, the Florida cigar industry again declined. The Cuban embargo included tobacco, thus forcing American cigar rollers to begin using Dominican tobacco.
Photocopy of original newspaper article: "Another Cigar Factory." The Sanford Herald, October 7, 1910: Cigars Collection, Museum of Seminole County History, Sanford, Florida.
The lot of a former cigar manufacturer that was located on South Oak Avenue, in Sanford, Florida, in 1924. The cigar industry was first brought to Florida by Cuban immigrants in the 1830s and became one of the most important industries in the Southeast by the last quarter of the 19th century, with Tampa serving as the cigar manufacturing center in the state. In the late 1800s, cigar factories began to appear in various other Florida cities, such as Jacksonville and Tallahassee. Cigar manufacturing first appeared in Sanford sometime between 1909 and 1912. The Florida cigar industry came to its peak in the first quarter of the 20th century, but then declined during the Great Depression and World War II, due to the accumulation of labor union conflicts over the years, the mechanization of production, and changing consumer demands. The industry was revitalized during the 1950s as production soared, despite the decline of the number of workers. Following the Cuban Revolution of the late 1950s and the U.S. embargo on Cuban products in 1962, the Florida cigar industry again declined. The Cuban embargo included tobacco, thus forcing American cigar rollers to begin using Dominican tobacco.
Original digital color image by Laura Cepero, July 3, 2011.
Newspaper Articles on the Berriman Brothers Cigar Factory in Sanford
A newspaper article on the status and future of the cigar industry in Sanford, Florida. Published in The Florida Times-Union in 1910, the article states that Sanford does not expect to become a cigar center, but that the city will welcome all cigar factories that wish to locate there. The article also states that Berriman and Company was in need of approximately 50 employees for the holiday season. The Berriman Brothers operated a large, cigar manufacturer headquartered in Tampa. The brothers sold their firm to Wengle and Mandell in 1930 and the company transformed its production to undercoating products in 1950. The cigar industry was first brought to Florida by Cuban immigrants in the 1830s and became one of the most important industries in the Southeast by the last quarter of the 19th century, with Tampa serving as the cigar manufacturing center in the state. In the late 1800s, cigar factories began to appear in various other Florida cities, such as Jacksonville and Tallahassee. Cigar manufacturing first appeared in Sanford sometime between 1909 and 1912. The Florida cigar industry came to its peak in the first quarter of the 20th century, but then declined during the Great Depression and World War II, due to the accumulation of labor union conflicts over the years, the mechanization of production, and changing consumer demands. The industry was revitalized during the 1950s as production soared, despite the decline of the number of workers. Following the Cuban Revolution of the late 1950s and the U.S. embargo on Cuban products in 1962, the Florida cigar industry again declined. The Cuban embargo included tobacco, thus forcing American cigar rollers to begin using Dominican tobacco.
Photocopy of original newspaper article: The Florida Times-Union, October 7, 1910: Cigars Collection, Museum of Seminole County History, Sanford, Florida.
The Florida Times-Union
Another Cigar Factory: Sanford is the Location for Making Clear Havanas
Newspaper article on the arrival of a new Berriman Brothers cigar factory in Sanford, Florida, in 1910. The article reports that the third floor of the Sanford City Hall was modeled for a Berriman Bros. cigar factory, but was declared inadequate by the brothers. Instead, the Berriman Brothers planned to occupy the second floor of the Stone-Gove block. Their former room in city hall was planned to be used by Menendez Brothers & Verplank, according to the article. The Berriman Brothers operated a large, cigar manufacturer headquartered in Tampa, Florida. The brothers sold their firm to Wengle and Mandell in 1930 and the company transformed its production to undercoating products in 1950. The cigar industry was first brought to Florida by Cuban immigrants in the 1830s and became one of the most important industries in the Southeast by the last quarter of the 19th century, with Tampa serving as the cigar manufacturing center in the state. In the late 1800s, cigar factories began to appear in various other Florida cities, such as Jacksonville and Tallahassee. Cigar manufacturing first appeared in Sanford sometime between 1909 and 1912. The Florida cigar industry came to its peak in the first quarter of the 20th century, but then declined during the Great Depression and World War II, due to the accumulation of labor union conflicts over the years, the mechanization of production, and changing consumer demands. The industry was revitalized during the 1950s as production soared, despite the decline of the number of workers. Following the Cuban Revolution of the late 1950s and the U.S. embargo on Cuban products in 1962, the Florida cigar industry again declined. The Cuban embargo included tobacco, thus forcing American cigar rollers to begin using Dominican tobacco.
Berriman Brothers Cigar Factory, Downtown Sanford, Florida
Sanford City Hall, Downtown Sanford, Florida
Advertisement for A. E. Philips' drug store, which was established at the corner of East First Street and North Park Avenue in Sanford, Florida, in 1884. By 1892, Philips was the only druggist in Sanford, but in 1894, he handed over ownership of the drugstore to his brother, Lucien R. Philips. The pharmacy did not strictly sell drugs, but instead sold many types of items, including books and paper, toiletries, and cigars and tobacco. A. E. Philips established a new store in Clear Water Harbor, which was described as being on the Orange Belt Railroad. Philips had left during a difficult year, as the entire orange crop was wiped out by one of the worst freezes to hit much of Florida. Besides being a store owner and druggist, A. E. Philips was also a published writer on pharmaceuticals and well-respected within the community. Philips joined the Florida State Pharmaceutical Association in 1887. In 1891, he was in attendance during the fifth annual Florida State Pharmaceutical Association meeting in Jacksonville, where he submitted a paper that won a gold medal from the association. He also addressed the issue of large department stores undercutting the prices of local pharmacies. He proposed resolutions that the association denounce the practice of cutting prices and that the druggists should do whatever they could to keep drugs from being sold in department stores. Philips was also elected to the office of president, presumably of the association.
Digital reproduction of original 60 x 47 centimeter lithograph by Adam Beck and Clemens J. Pauli, 1884: John J. Stoner, Madison, Wisconsin: tag number DP0010700, Central Florida Memory, Orlando, Florida.
A. E. Philips Drug Store, Downtown Sanford, Florida
St. James Catholic Cathedral, located at 215 North Orange Avenue in Downtown Orlando, Florida, in 2001. In 1881, Bishop John Moore purchased a block of land bound by Orange Avenue, Magnolia Avenue, Jefferson Street, and Robinson Street. On January 23, 1887, the cornerstone of the Holy Nativity Catholic Church was set under the leadership of Father Felix P. Swembergh. The building was designed by Kurz and Allison's Art Studio of Chicago, Illinois, in the American Gothic style. The structure was completed in June of 1891, under the guidance of Father Joseph J. Creed, who replaced Father Swembergh after his death in October 1887. It was renamed as St. James Catholic Church the following year. In 1889, a storm destroyed the church's roof and the City of Orlando condemned the building. The church was rebuilt in 1889 in the old Carpenter Gothic style and seated 240. It was torn down around 1950 and the new building, designed by Donovan Dean and Arthur White, was completed on January 20, 1952. In 1977, the building was designated as the diocese's cathedral due to the destruction of the St. Charles Borromeo Cathedral by fire. In July of 2009, the cathedral was closed for renovations and was re-dedicated on November 20, 2010.
Original color image by Thomas Cook, 2001: Private Collection of Thomas Cook.
Holy Nativity Catholic Church, Downtown Orlando, Florida
St. James Catholic Church, Downtown Orlando, Florida
St. James Catholic Cathedral, Downtown Orlando, Florida
Sioux Villa, located at 60 Waverly Place in Downtown Orlando, Florida, in 2007. In 1906, this two-story bungalow was built for Mahlon Gore on the south shore of Lake Lucerne. Gore was born in Climax, Michigan, on February 4, 1837. In 1861, he enlisted in the Second Michigan Infantry, serving only three moves. Shortly thereafter, he moved to Iowa with his wife, Josephine Lucinda Dawley Gore, who he had married in 1860. Together, they had one child: Eva Gore Robinson. After homesteading in the Dakota Territory, Gore decided to moved to Orlando, Florida, in 1880, due to his poor health. In the 1880s, he purchased The Orange County Reporter shortly after his arrival and was elected to the Orlando City Council. Gore served as Mayor of Orlando from 1893 to 1896. His wife passed away around 1903 and he moved into Sioux Villa in 1906. He died on June 27, 1916. Gore's second wife, Caroline Groninger Gore, opened their home, which was then located at 211 Lucerne Circle, to a congregation of Unitarian Universalists led by Reverend Eleanor Gordon during the winter of 1910. On January 8, 1911, the home served as the site of the first service of the First Unitarian Church of Orlando. The church was formally organized the following year in the home of Edward McNeill, located at 309 Robinson Street. The congregation held some of its earliest services in the Lucerne Theatre before purchasing land at the northeast corner of Central Boulevard and Rosalind Avenue in on January 1, 1913. The church building was designed by Ida Annah Ryan and Isabel Roberts in the Spanish Colonial Revival-style. The Unity Chapel held its first service on February 16, 1913, and was formally dedicated on March 16. By 1954, the congregation had outgrown Unity Chapel and moved to a new church located at 1901 East Robinson Street. In 1957, the chapel's last service took place. Sam Murrell constructed a new building, called the Murrell Building, that was designed by Richard Boone Rogers in 1957.
Original color image by Thomas Cook, 2007: Private Collection of Thomas Cook.
First Unitarian Church, Downtown Orlando, Florida
Mount Pleasant Baptist Church of Orlando
African American churches--Southern States
The Mount Pleasant Baptist Church of Orlando, located at 701 West South Street, in Downtown Orlando, Florida, 2003. This African-American congregation was organized in 1919 and originally met in various locations. When land was purchased for the construction of a church, congregants made rusticated concrete blocks to construct the walls of the building in the Gothic architectural style. The church was completed in 1921.
Original color image by Thomas Cook, 2003: Private Collection of Thomas Cook.
Mount Pleasant Baptist Church, Downtown Orlando, Florida
First Presbyterian Church of Orlando, 2003
The First Presbyterian Church of Orlando, located at 106 East Church Street in Downtown Orlando, Florida, in 2003. The building was constructed in 1889 in the Carpenter Gothic style. The church was organized in 1876 with Reverend Henry Keigwinas the first pastor. It first congregated in the Union Free Church, as well as a room in the local courthouse. From 1884 to 1887, the congregation met in a church on West Central Avenue. When that church was lost in a fire, they chose to move to the east side of town. The church purchased the property bounded by Church Street, Jackson Street, Magnolia Avenue, and Rosalind Avenue in 1889 and still remains there as of 2011. In 1902, the Congregational Church of Orlando merged with the First Presbyterian Church. In 1912, the sanctuary was enlarged to seat 1,000 congregants. A second tower was added at that time as well. In 1914-1915, a major renovation was undertaken that completely changed the look of the building. The congregation added stained glass windows and the church was covered with stucco. It was changed from a traditional Gothic style to the newer Spanish Colonial style with white stucco, curved arches instead of Gothic, pointed features. The original peaked roofs were hidden with the use of curvilinear elements. The stained glass windows, which were designed and made by the Jacoby Art Glass Company of St. Louis, Missouri, were preserved after the building was demolished in 1958 and are stored in the Heritage Center at the church and in the Meditation Room at Westminster Towers. Murray S. King served as the remodeling architect, while Frank Meyers was the contractor.
First Presbyterian Church, Orlando, Florida
First United Methodist Church of Orlando, 2003
The First United Methodist Church (UMC) of Orlando, located at 142 East Jackson Street in Downtown Orlando, Florida, in 2003. In 1859, Methodist circuit riders began conducting services in Orlando. Originally called the Methodist Episcopal Church, South (MECS), the congregation was formally organized in 1880 by Reverend Thurlow Bishop. In 1881, the congregation purchased the lot at the southwest corner of Magnolia Avenue and Jackson Street and constructed a church there. In 1895, the present sanctuary was built with a larger wood frame and a bell tower. The current church building was constructed in 1913 in Greek Classical Revival style with yellow brick. The building cost $50,000. The sanctuary was remodeled in 1942 and the church built several additional buildings throughout the years: Wesley Hall in 1922, Ashbury Hall in 1949, and the Ledbetter Building in 1956. The congregation was renamed the First United Methodist Church of Orlando in the 1960s.
First United Methodist Church, Orlando, Florida
Methodist Episcopal Church, South, Orlando, Florida
Ebenezer United Methodist Church (UMC), located at 594-596 West Church Street in Downtown Orlando, Florida, in 2003. The earliest structure at this location was a wooden church built in 1872 on Terry Avenue. Ebenezer was the first African-American Methodist church in Orlando. In 1927, the congregation built the Gothic-style brick structure that occupies the lot on the corner of Church Street and Terry Avenue. The congregation moved to 1224 26th Street in 1971.
Ebenezer United Methodist Church, Orlando, Florida
Powell Cemetery, located at 3858 South Orange Avenue in Orlando, Florida, in 2003. The cemetery is located on land originally owned by Isaac and Sarah Ann Powell. The cemetery is approximately a quarter of an acre and has 32 gravestones, many of which date back to the American Civil War.
Orange Hill Cemetery, located approximately at 1700 East Michigan Street in Orlando, Florida, in 2001. Forty acres of land for the graveyard was purchased by Orange County in 1904 to use for the burial of paupers. The cemetery was active from 1917 to 1961. The first documented burial was of Richard Johnson, who died of "insanity" at the county jail on May 8, 1907. There are limited records of who was buried at Orange Hill Cemetery or how many graves there are, although a survey conducted in 1955 indicated that there were 522 gravesites. In 1997, Orange County officials and the Orange County Historical Society began efforts to properly maintain the cemetery.
Headstone for John Bonnelll Ivey at Lake Hill Cemetery
Headstone of John Bonnell Ivey (1834-1923) at Lake Hill Cemetery, located at 5950 Old Winter Garden Road in Orlo Vista in Orlando, Florida, in 2001. Ivey was the son of Robert Ivey and Priscilla Bonnell Ivey. He married Elizabeth Matilda Ann Roberson Ivey in 1954 and had six children with her: Hettie Caroline Ivey, Emma Rossaline Ivey, Lewis Henry Ivey, Robert Edmund Ivey, John Bonnell Ivey, and Joshua Robert Ivey. After his wife passed away in 1872, Ivey remarried Ann Beasely Ivey and had six additional children: Mary Jane Ivey, William Rufus Ivey, Julia Martha Ivey, Ida Viola Ivey, Mathias Lee Ivey, and Cora Gertrude Ivey. Ivey was appointed as the first sheriff and tax collector for Orange County by Provisional Governor William Marvin, shortly after the Civil War. He was later elected Justice of the Peace and Acting Coroner for the county. The cemetery, just west of Orlando, is the site of the remains of various early settlers of the city, including Aaron and Mary Jernigan. Originally called Patrick Cemetery, the graveyard was originally located between Lake Lorna Doone and Rock Lake, and held the remains of members of the Beasley, Ivey, Patrick, and Roberson families. The four families formed the Lake Hill Cemetery Association in 1884 and moved the previously buried remains to the new Lake Hill Cemetery in Orlo Vista.
Lake Hill Cemetery, Orlo Vista, Orlando, Florida
Headstone for Aaron David Jernigan at Lake Hill Cemetery
Florida. Legislature. House of Representatives
The headstone of Aaron David Jernigan (1813- 1891) at Lake Hill Cemetery, located at 5950 Old Winter Garden Road in Orlando, Florida, in 2001. He was born to Aaron Jernigan and Martha Patsey Deas Jernigan in Camden County, Georgia. The Jernigans are descendants of Sir Thomas Jernigan, an English immigrant to Virginia. Aaron David Jernigan lived for several years in Tallahassee before moving to Orange County with his wife, Mary Ann Hogan Jernigan, in 1843. The couple settled on the shore of Lake Holden, where they raised cattle. Jernigan also planted various crops on a plot near Lake Conway. Additionally, he served as the captain of the Florida Mounted Militia, which guarded against attacks by Seminole Indians. In 1846, Jernigan was elected as an Orange County state house representative in the Florida Legislature. He and his wife had three children: Aaron David Jernigan, Martha Jernigan Tyler, and Andrew Jackson Jernigan. Although the area is now called Orlando, the town was originally named Jernigan until 1857. Jernigan died in 1891.
Lake Conway, Belle Isle, Orlando, Florida
Lake Hill Cemetery, located at 5950 Old Winter Garden Road in Orlando, Florida, in 2001. The cemetery, just west of Orlando, is the site of the remains of various early settlers of the city, including Aaron and Mary Jernigan. Originally called Patrick Cemetery, the graveyard was originally located between Lake Lorna Doone and Rock Lake, and held the remains of members of the Beasley, Ivey, Patrick, and Roberson families. The four families formed the Lake Hill Cemetery Association in 1884 and moved the previously buried remains to the new Lake Hill Cemetery in Orlo Vista.
Headstone for July Perry at Greenwood Cemetery
Headstone of Julius "July" Perry (1868-1920) in the Section K of the Greenwood Cemetery, located at 1603 Greenwood Street in Orlando,Florda, in 2002. An African-American landowner in Ocoee, July Perry is best known as a victim of mob violence during the Ocoee Massacre (also known as the Ocoee Race Riot) that occurred on November 2, 1920. On Election Day, during the presidential election of 1920, Mose Norman made several attempts to vote at the polls, but was turned away by white mobs. The mobs also targeted and jailed Perry, who was believed to be hiding Norman. While being held in the Downtown Orlando jail, Perry was captured and lynched by the mob. Up to 56 other African Americans were killed and many African-American buildings were razed. Those who survived were threatened or forced to leave. The cemetery where July Perry is buried was established in 1880 and officially named Greenwood Cemetery at the suggestion of Samuel Robinson and Cassius Boone. In 1911, the cemetery was expanded to 40 acres. The entrance of Greenwood Cemetery was relocated from Gore Street to Greenwood Street in 1919. In the 1940s, the cemetery expanded to 100 acres, and Section K, which was reserved for African-American residents, was opened. In 1943, a portion of the cemetery was designated for veterans of World War I and World War II. Portions had previously been designated for Union veterans of the American Civil War, Confederate veterans of the American Civil War, and veterans of the Spanish-American War. The portion for World War veterans was initially reserved for "veterans of the white race," but the race restriction was later lifted in the 1960s.
Original color image by Thomas Cook, 2002: Private Collection of Thomas Cook.
Greenwood Cemetery, located at 1603 Greenwood Street in Orlando, Florida, in 2002. The cemetery was established in 1880 and officially named Greenwood Cemetery at the suggestion of Samuel Robinson and Cassius Boone. In 1911, the cemetery was expanded to 40 acres. The entrance of Greenwood Cemetery was relocated from Gore Street to Greenwood Street in 1919. In the 1940s, the cemetery expanded to 100 acres, and Section K, which was reserved for African-American residents, was opened. In 1943, a portion of the cemetery was designated for veterans of World War I and World War II. Portions had previously been designated for Union veterans of the American Civil War, Confederate veterans of the American Civil War, and veterans of the Spanish-American War. The portion for World War veterans was initially reserved for "veterans of the white race," but the race restriction was later lifted in the 1960s.
Headstone for George White Crawford at Conway United Methodist Church Cemetery
Headstone of George White Crawford at the Conway United Methodist Church Cemetery in 2003. Crawford arrived in Orlando, Florida, from Tennessee in 1873. During the Civil War, he served as second lieutenant of the 5th Tennessee Infantry for the Confederate Army. Crawford settled in the Conway area and began raising cattle and growing citrus. He was also elected three times to the lower house of the Florida State legislature and once to the Florida State Senate. Crawford also served as the Justice of the Peace. He married Sarah Mizell, the daughter of David Mizell, Jr., who was a pioneer settler of Winter Park. The Crawfords had four children: Sarah Crawford (who married Frank Cullen), Ethel Crawford, Cora Belle Crawford, and John Crawford. Located at 3401 South Conway Road in Conway in Orlando, Florida, the Conway United Methodist Church (UMC) was formed in 1870 as the Prospect Methodist Episcopal Church, South (MECS). In 1874, Morgan Montgomery Mizell and his wife donated two acres of land to build a church for the congregation. One acre was designated for the cemetery and a log cabin-like structure was constructed on the other acre, which was located at the corner of Conway Road and Anderson Road. Reverend James D. McDonald was the first to lead the church. In 1881, a new wood-frame building was constructed and was used by the Prospect MECS until it was replaced by Callaway Hall in 1959. A new sanctuary was completed in 1973. The hall was remodeled in 1994 and currently serves as the administration building. The cemetery includes graves of several members of the English Colony, which was platted in 1892 as the East Conway Churchyard Cemetery.
Conway United Methodist Church Cemetery, Conway, Orlando, Florida
Headstone for William Harrison Holden, Nancy A. Mizell Holden, and Florence C. Holden at Conway United Methodist Church Cemetery
Headstone of William Harrison Holden (1826-1913), Nancy A. Mizell Holden (1836-1902), and Florence C. Holden (1876-1903) at the Conway United Methodist Church Cemetery in 2003. William Harrison Holden arrived in Orlando from Virginia in 1865, after serving Watson's Company Florida Mounted Troops during the Civil War. The Holden family settled on the south side of Lake Holden and homesteaded 1,200 acres of land. Holden raised cattle on his land and was the first to bring the Brahman bull to the Florida strain of cattle. He also was known as one of Central Florida's largest commercial citrus growers and began the first grapefruit grove in the area. Holden served the Orange County Commission from 1874 to 1887 and sat as a member of the Convention Committee in Tallahassee in October of 1875. Holden's wife, Nancy, was the daughter of David Mizell, Jr., the first white settler of Winter Park. She and Holden had six children together: William Holden, Norman Holden, John Holden, Mary Holden, Cora Holden, and Florence C. Holden. Also buried here is the Holden's youngest daughter, Florence. Both Nancy and florence died of tuberculosis. Located at 3401 South Conway Road in Conway in Orlando, Florida, the Conway United Methodist Church (UMC) was formed in 1870 as the Prospect Methodist Episcopal Church, South (MECS). In 1874, Morgan Montgomery Mizell and his wife donated two acres of land to build a church for the congregation. One acre was designated for the cemetery and a log cabin-like structure was constructed on the other acre, which was located at the corner of Conway Road and Anderson Road. Reverend James D. McDonald was the first to lead the church. In 1881, a new wood-frame building was constructed and was used by the Prospect MECS until it was replaced by Callaway Hall in 1959. A new sanctuary was completed in 1973. The hall was remodeled in 1994 and currently serves as the administration building. The cemetery includes graves of several members of the English Colony, which was platted in 1892 as the East Conway Churchyard Cemetery.
Conway United Methodist Church Cemetery, 2011
The Conway United Methodist Church Cemetery in 2011. Located at 3401 South Conway Road in Conway in Orlando, Florida, the Conway United Methodist Church (UMC) was formed in 1870 as the Prospect Methodist Episcopal Church, South (MECS). In 1874, Morgan Montgomery Mizell and his wife donated two acres of land to build a church for the congregation. One acre was designated for the cemetery and a log cabin-like structure was constructed on the other acre, which was located at the corner of Conway Road and Anderson Road. Reverend James D. McDonald was the first to lead the church. In 1881, a new wood-frame building was constructed and was used by the Prospect MECS until it was replaced by Callaway Hall in 1959. A new sanctuary was completed in 1973. The hall was remodeled in 1994 and currently serves as the administration building. The cemetery includes graves of several members of the English Colony, which was platted in 1892 as the East Conway Churchyard Cemetery.
Original color image by Thomas Cook, 2011: Private Collection of Thomas Cook.
Headstone for Sarah Crawford Cullen at Conway United Methodist Church Cemetery
Headstone of Sarah Crawford Cullen (1893-1957) at the Conway United Methodist Church Cemetery in 2003. Cullen, the daughter of Senator George White Crawford and Sarah Mizell, served as chairman of the Orange County Democratic Committee. Cullen married Frank Wheeler Cullen and together, they had three children: Ethel Cullen, Cara Bell Cullen, and John Cullen. Located at 3401 South Conway Road in Conway in Orlando, Florida, the Conway United Methodist Church (UMC) was formed in 1870 as the Prospect Methodist Episcopal Church, South (MECS). In 1874, Morgan Montgomery Mizell and his wife donated two acres of land to build a church for the congregation. One acre was designated for the cemetery and a log cabin-like structure was constructed on the other acre, which was located at the corner of Conway Road and Anderson Road. Reverend James D. McDonald was the first to lead the church. In 1881, a new wood-frame building was constructed and was used by the Prospect MECS until it was replaced by Callaway Hall in 1959. A new sanctuary was completed in 1973. The hall was remodeled in 1994 and currently serves as the administration building. The cemetery includes graves of several members of the English Colony, which was platted in 1892 as the East Conway Churchyard Cemetery.
Headstone for Morgan Montgomery Mizell at Conway United Methodist Church Cemetery
Headstone of Morgan Montgomery Mizell (1841-1907) at the Conway United Methodist Church Cemetery in 2003. Mizell was the son of David Mizell, Jr. and Mary Pearce Mizell. He served in the Third Seminole War during 1856. Mizell served again during the Civil War as second lieutenant of E. T. Kendrick's Company Old Guards and Mounted Rangers. He married Emma Roper Mizell and fathered four children: Ida Mizell, Beulah Mizell Perry (who later married William Perry), Fletcher Mizell, and Eulene Mizell Smith (who later married W. I. Smith) Located at 3401 South Conway Road in Orlando, Florida, the Conway United Methodist Church (UMC) was formed in 1870 as the Prospect Methodist Episcopal Church, South (MECS). In 1874, Mizell and his wife donated two acres of land to build a church for the congregation. One acre was designated for the cemetery and a log cabin-like structure was constructed on the other acre, which was located at the corner of Conway Road and Anderson Road. Reverend James D. McDonald was the first to lead the church. In 1881, a new wood-frame building was constructed and was used by the Prospect MECS until it was replaced by Callaway Hall in 1959. A new sanctuary was completed in 1973. The hall was remodeled in 1994 and currently serves as the administration building. The cemetery includes graves of several members of the English Colony, which was platted in 1892 as the East Conway Churchyard Cemetery.
Headstone for Joseph A. Barber at Conway United Methodist Church Cemetery
Headstone of Joseph A. Barber (1860-1920) at the Conway United Methodist Church Cemetery in 2003. Born on Lake Conway, Barber became the first tax collector for Osceola County in 1890 and served in said position for four years. He also served as a member of the Orange County Democratic Executive Committee. Located at 3401 South Conway Road in Orlando, Florida, the Conway United Methodist Church (UMC) was formed in 1870 as the Prospect Methodist Episcopal Church, South (MECS). In 1874, Morgan Montgomery Mizell and his wife donated two acres of land to build a church for the congregation. One acre was designated for the cemetery and a log cabin-like structure was constructed on the other acre, which was located at the corner of Conway Road and Anderson Road. Reverend James D. McDonald was the first to lead the church. In 1881, a new wood-frame building was constructed and was used by the Prospect MECS until it was replaced by Callaway Hall in 1959. A new sanctuary was completed in 1973. The hall was remodeled in 1994 and currently serves as the administration building. The cemetery includes graves of several members of the English Colony, which was platted in 1892 as the East Conway Churchyard Cemetery.
Headstone of David Mizell, Jr. at Conway United Methodist Church Cemetery
Headstone of David Mizell, Jr. (1808-1884), an early settler on Lake Mizell, at the Conway United Methodist Church Cemetery in 2003. Mizell became the first chairman of the Orange County Commission in 1869 and served until through 1871. He also served on the Florida State Legislature and was one of the signers of the state's Constitution of 1868. Located at 3401 South Conway Road in Orlando, Florida, the Conway United Methodist Church (UMC) was formed in 1870 as the Prospect Methodist Episcopal Church, South (MECS). In 1874, Morgan Montgomery Mizell and his wife donated two acres of land to build a church for the congregation. One acre was designated for the cemetery and a log cabin-like structure was constructed on the other acre, which was located at the corner of Conway Road and Anderson Road. Reverend James D. McDonald was the first to lead the church. In 1881, a new wood-frame building was constructed and was used by the Prospect MECS until it was replaced by Callaway Hall in 1959. A new sanctuary was completed in 1973. The hall was remodeled in 1994 and currently serves as the administration building. The cemetery includes graves of several members of the English Colony, which was platted in 1892 as the East Conway Churchyard Cemetery.
Headstone for Joseph Katz Barber, Ronald Joseph Barber, and Dixie Pharr Barber at Conway United Methodist Church Cemetery
Headstone of Joseph Katz Barber (1902-1959), Ronald Joseph Barber (1925-1928), and Dixie Pharr Barber (1904-1998) at the Conway United Methodist Church Cemetery in 2003. Joseph Katz Barber served as Orange County Commissioner from 1937 to 1943 and also grew citrus and raised cattle in the Conway area. Buried with him is his son, Ronald, and his wife, Dixie, who began serving as the Supervisor of Registration for Orange County and received the Jaycee Good Government Award in 1962. Located at 3401 South Conway Road in Orlando, Florida, the Conway United Methodist Church (UMC) was formed in 1870 as the Prospect Methodist Episcopal Church, South (MECS). In 1874, Morgan Montgomery Mizell and his wife donated two acres of land to build a church for the congregation. One acre was designated for the cemetery and a log cabin-like structure was constructed on the other acre, which was located at the corner of Conway Road and Anderson Road. Reverend James D. McDonald was the first to lead the church. In 1881, a new wood-frame building was constructed and was used by the Prospect MECS until it was replaced by Callaway Hall in 1959. A new sanctuary was completed in 1973. The hall was remodeled in 1994 and currently serves as the administration building. The cemetery includes graves of several members of the English Colony, which was platted in 1892 as the East Conway Churchyard Cemetery.
Headstone for Dr. David Fort Anderson and Eliza Harrop Kenderdine Anderson at Conway United Methodist Church Cemetery
Headstone of Dr. David Fort Anderson (1830-1923) and Eliza Harrop Kenderdine Anderson (1844-1886) at the Conway United Methodist Church Cemetery in 2003. Dr. Anderson was the grandson of United States congressman, Isaac Anderson (November 22, 1760 - October 27, 1838) and served as the postmaster of the Conway area until 1907. Located at 3401 South Conway Road in Orlando, Florida, the Conway United Methodist Church (UMC) was formed in 1870 as the Prospect Methodist Episcopal Church, South (MECS). In 1874, Morgan Montgomery Mizell and his wife donated two acres of land to build a church for the congregation. One acre was designated for the cemetery and a log cabin-like structure was constructed on the other acre, which was located at the corner of Conway Road and Anderson Road. Reverend James D. McDonald was the first to lead the church. In 1881, a new wood-frame building was constructed and was used by the Prospect MECS until it was replaced by Callaway Hall in 1959. A new sanctuary was completed in 1973. The hall was remodeled in 1994 and currently serves as the administration building. The cemetery includes graves of several members of the English Colony, which was platted in 1892 as the East Conway Churchyard Cemetery.
Letter from C. H. Miller to Randall Chase (May 8, 1963)
An original letter of correspondence between Maintenance Department Manager C. H. Miller and Randall Chase. Topics discussed in the letter include enclosed photographs taken of the delivery of a mule train by Duda from Glades Farm to Hooper Farm in Zellwood, Florida, on May 6, 1963. Chase & Company was established in 1884 by brothers Sydney Octavius Chase and Joshua Coffin Chase. The company sold insurance and later invested in storage facilities and fertilizer sales. Chase & Company was known mainly for its agricultural interests and maintained a series of citrus groves throughout Central Florida. The company was based out of Sanford and became one of the city's largest employers into the early twentieth century. Randall Chase joined in the family business soon after his brother, Sydney Chase, Jr., did in 1922. Randall became the president of Chase & Company from 1948-1965.
Original letter from C. H. Miller to Randall Chase, May 8, 1963: box 215, Chase Collection (MS 14), Special and Area Studies Collections, George A. Smathers Libraries, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
Chase & Company Office, Sanford, Florida
Cut-down Isleworth Seedlings cut down at Isleworth Grove in Windermere, Florida, in the Spring of 1924. Citrus growers often pruned seedlings to produce higher quality fruit. Chase & Company was established by brothers Sydney Octavius Chase and Joshua Coffin Chase in 1884. The company sold insurance and later invested in storage facilities and fertilizer sales. Chase & Company was known mainly for its agricultural interests and maintained a series of citrus groves throughout Central Florida. The company was based out of Sanford and became one of the city's largest employers into the early twentieth century. By 1886, the Chase brothers purchased several citrus groves to expand their business, including Isleworth Grove in Windermere, Florida. Isleworth Grove covered a total of 1,300 acres along the Butler Chain of Lakes. Between 1894 and 1895, Central Florida was hit by several freezes and most of the citrus crop was destroyed. Chase & Company did not grow citrus crops again until 1904 when Joshua came back from an extended stay in California. Between 1894 and 1900, different types of pesticide equipment was created, including equipment driven by steam, machines, and horses.Randall Chase joined in the family business soon after his brother, Sydney Chase, Jr., did in 1922. Randall became the president of Chase & Company from 1948-1965. The Isleworth property stayed in the Chase family until 1984 when Franklin Chase, the son of Sydney Chase, sold the property to famed golfer Arnold Palmer.
Original black and white photographs by C. E. Browne, 1924: box 215, Chase Collection (MS 14), Special and Area Studies Collections, George A. Smathers Libraries, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
A Chase & Company mule train being moved by a Duda transport from Glades Farm to Hooper Farm in Zellwood, Florida, on May 6, 1963. Chase & Company was established in 1884 by brothers Sydney Octavius Chase and Joshua Coffin Chase. The company sold insurance and later invested in storage facilities and fertilizer sales. Chase & Company was known mainly for its agricultural interests and maintained a series of citrus groves throughout Central Florida. The company was based out of Sanford and became one of the city's largest employers into the early twentieth century. Randall Chase joined in the family business soon after his brother, Sydney Chase, Jr., did in 1922. Randall became the president of Chase & Company from 1948-1965.
Original black and white photographs, May 7, 1963: box 215, Chase Collection (MS 14), Special and Area Studies Collections, George A. Smathers Libraries, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
A Chase celery field, most likely in Sanford, Florida, in 1965. The origins of Sanford's connection to celery farming began on December 26, 1894, when a freeze damaged the area's citrus groves. They began to recover during a warm and wet January which promoted new shoots, but a second freeze hit on February 7, 1895, practically wiping them out. The 24 degree temperature was the coldest known in Florida to that point. The freeze was so intense that the sap froze inside the trunks, many of which split open, sounding like gunshots, and crashed to the ground. The population quickly dropped from five thousand to two thousand, as the groves were abandoned. I. H. Terwilliger stayed after the freezes and is believed to have planted the first celery grown in Sanford in 1896. J. N. Whitner and B. F. Whitner, Sr. planted 3/4 acre in 1897 with celery imported from Kalamazoo, Michigan. Chase & Company also converted to celery cultivation and by 1898, celery became the crop synonymous to Sanford. Chase & Co. was established in 1884 by brothers Sydney Octavius Chase and Joshua Coffin Chase. The company sold insurance and later invested in storage facilities and fertilizer sales. Chase & Company was known mainly for its agricultural interests and maintained a series of citrus groves throughout Central Florida. The company was based out of Sanford and became one of the city's largest employers into the early twentieth century.
Original color photographs, May 18, 1965: Chase Collection (MS 14), box 215, Special and Area Studies Collections, George A. Smathers Libraries, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
The Tinker Field Stadium, located at 287 South Tampa Avenue in Downtown Orlando, Florida, in 2003. Tinker Field is named after Joseph B. Tinker, who was a shortstop for the Chicago Cubs, manager of the Orlando Tigers, and the first Floridian to be selected for the Baseball Hall of Fame. The first baseball field at this location was built in 1914. The stadium was dedicated in 1923 and could seat approximately 1,500 people. In 1934, a fence was added. The field was home of the Orlando Rays, a minor league baseball team, until they moved to the Cracker Jack Stadium in 2000. Tinker Field was also the Spring Training home for the Cincinnati Reds from 1923 to 1935, the Brooklyn Dodgers from 1934 to 1935, and the Washington Senators and the Minnesota Twins from 1936 to the 1990s. On May 14, 2004, Tinker Field was added to the National Register of Historic Places. The field has also served as the home to the Orlando Electric Daisy Carnival, an electric dance music festival, in 2011 and 2012. The stadium currently seats 5,100 people.
The Tinker Building, located at 16-18 West Pine Street in Downtown Orlando, Florida, in 2002. After moving to Orlando in 1920, Joseph B. Tinker constructed the Commercial-style in 1925, using glazed brick tiles and terracotta, for his real estate offices. Tinker was shortstop for the Chicago Cubs, manager of the Orlando Tigers, and the first Floridian to be selected for the Baseball Hall of Fame. The first floor housed the Singer Sewing Machine Company and other tenants have included the Balfour Hardware Store, starting in 1928. In 1941, the property was purchased by the Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company and then later sold to Carey Hand. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 17, 1980.
Tinker Building, Downtown Orlando, Florida
Singer Sewing Machine Company, Downtown Orlando, Florida
Balfour Hardware Store, Downtown Orlando, Florida
Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company, Downtown Orlando, Florida
The Tinker Building, located at 16-18 West Pine Street in Downtown Orlando, Florida, in 2003. After moving to Orlando in 1920, Joseph B. Tinker constructed the Commercial-style in 1925, using glazed brick tiles and terracotta, for his real estate offices. Tinker was shortstop for the Chicago Cubs, manager of the Orlando Tigers, and the first Floridian to be selected for the Baseball Hall of Fame. The first floor housed the Singer Sewing Machine Company and other tenants have included the Balfour Hardware Store, starting in 1928. In 1941, the property was purchased by the Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company and then later sold to Carey Hand. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 17, 1980.
Clark C. Griffith Memorial at Tinker Field
Griffith, Clark (Clark Calvin), 1869-1955
The Clark C. Griffith Memorial at Tinker Field, located at 287 South Tampa Avenue in Downtown Orlando, Florida, in 2003. Clark Calvin Griffith (1869-1955), also known as "The Old Fox," was a Major League Baseball pitcher, team manager, and team owner. He began his career in the MLB with the St. Louis Browns (present-day St. Louis Cardinals) in 1891. That same year, he played with the Boston Reds. From 1893 to 1900, he pitched for the Chicago Colts/Orphans (present-day the Chicago Cubs). Griffith both played and managed the Chicago White Stockings (present-day Chicago White Sox) from 1901 to 1902 and the New York Highlands (present-day New York Yankees) from 1903 to 1907. He retired as a player following the 1907 season, but reamined manager in 1908. He later managed the Cincinnati Reds from 1909 to 1911 and the Washington Senators (present-day Minnesota Twins) from 1912 to 1920. In 1920, he bought the Senators and continued as owner until his death in 1955. In 1946, he was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame. Tinker Field is named after Joseph B. Tinker, who was a shortstop for the Chicago Cubs, manager of the Orlando Tigers, and the first Floridian to be selected for the Baseball Hall of Fame. The first baseball field at this location was built in 1914. The stadium was dedicated in 1923 and could seat approximately 1,500 people. In 1934, a fence was added. The field was home of the Orlando Rays, a minor league baseball team, until they moved to the Cracker Jack Stadium in 2000. Tinker Field was also the Spring Training home for the Cincinnati Reds from 1923 to 1935, the Brooklyn Dodgers from 1934 to 1935, and the Washington Senators and the Minnesota Twins from 1936 to the 1990s. On May 14, 2004, Tinker Field was added to the National Register of Historic Places. The field has also served as the home to the Orlando Electric Daisy Carnival, an electric dance music festival, in 2011 and 2012. The stadium currently seats 5,100 people.
Original color image by Thomas Cook, 2003: Private Collection of Thomas Cook
The grand opening of the Orlando Skate Park, located at 400 Festival Way in Orlando, Florida, in 2003.
The Florida Citrus Bowl Stadium, located 1 Citrus Bowl Place in Downtown Orlando, Florida, in 2003. The Citrus Bowl was constructed in 1936 as a Works Project Administration (WPA) project. The football stadium was originally called the Orlando Stadium and could seat 8,900. The first annual bowl game, called the Tangerine Bowl and later renamed the Florida Citrus Bowl in 1982, was held on January 1, 1947. From 1947 to 1975, the stadium was known as the Tangerine Bowl Stadium, but was renamed the Citrus Bowl Stadium in 1976. From 1977 to 1982, the stadium was renamed the Orlando Stadium. It became the Florida Citrus Bowl Stadium in 1983. In 2014, it was renamed the Orlando Citrus Bowl Stadium. The stadium was expanded to seat 12,000 in 1952; 18,000 in 1967; 48,000 in 1974; and 70,000 in 1989. From 1999 to 2002, the stadium added contour seating, two escalators, 107-foot wide video screen, a new sound system, and two full-color displays. The stadium has also been the home field of numerous football teams in various professional leagues, such as the Florida Blazers (1974), the Orlando Renegades (1985), the Orlando Thunder (1991-1992), the Orlando Rage (2001), the Florida Tuskers (2009-2010), and the Orlando Fantasy (2011). The Florida Citrus Bowl Stadium was also the venue of five soccer games for the 1994 FIFA World Cup, as well as the venue for numerous concerts. The University of Central Florida used the facility for its football games, but relocated in 2005. The following year, Orange County and the City or Orlando committed $175 million for the first renovation of the stadium with an expected completion date of the fall of 2014.
Florida Citrus Bowl Stadium, Downtown Orlando, Florida
Demolition of Woolworth-McCrory Building, 2003
Woolworth-McCrory Building, located at 101 South Orange Avenue in Downtown Orlando, Florida, during demolition in 2003. Woolworth's was a retail company established by Frank Winfield Woolworth in 1879. McCrory's was a chain of five-and-dime stores established by John Graham McCrorey in 1882. The Art Moderne-style structure in Downtown Orlando, with parts from an 1888 building, was constructed in 1942 by the J. G. Stores Corporation. McCrory operated its store and headquarters at this location until 1989. In 2003, the building was demolished.
Woolworth-McCrory Building, Downtown Orlando, Florida
The Woolworth-McCrory Building, located at 101 South Orange Avenue in Downtown Orlando, Florida, in 2001. Woolworth's was a retail company established by Frank Winfield Woolworth in 1879. McCrory's was a chain of five-and-dime stores established by John Graham McCrorey in 1882. The Art Moderne-style structure in Downtown Orlando, with parts from an 1888 building, was constructed in 1942 by the J. G. Stores Corporation. McCrory operated its store and headquarters at this location until 1989. In 2003, the building was demolished.
Wall Street Plaza, located at 26 Wall Street in Downtown Orlando, Florida, in 2001. Wall Street Plaza is a complex of locally-owned bars, restaurants, and nightclubs established in 1995. The plaza originally had just one bar and has grown to include eight venues, as of 2013, including: Wall Street Cantina, The Hen House, Hooch, Loaded Hog, Monkey-Bar, One-Eyed Jack's, Slingapour's, and Waitiki. Wall Street Cantina, a Mexican restaurant, can be seen to the right of the photograph. In 2014, Loaded Hog and One-Eyed Jack's were replaced by Shine and Slingapour's was replaced by Shine. Wall Street Plaza hosts various block parties and special events in Downtown Orlando.
Wall Street Plaza, Downtown Orlando, Florida
Wall Street Cantina, Downtown Orlando, Florida
Vivaldi Ristorante, located at 107 West Pine Street in Downtown Orlando, Florida, in 2003. Vivaldi is an Italian restaurant named after Antonio Lucio Vivaldi, a Baroque composer, Catholic priest, and violinist in Venice, Italy, during the 18th century. SouthTrust Bank can also bee seen in the background.
Vivaldi Ristorante, Downtown Orlando, Florida
The Teele Building, located at 123 West Church Street in Downtown Orlando, Florida, in 2002. This site was originally occupied by Joseph Bumby's warehouse for hay, grain, and fertilizer. In the late 1880s, W .L. and Silas Dolive operated a packing house from this location. In 1924, the Teele Building was constructed and housed Sam's Bar and Grill. Later, it became the site of Phineas Phogg's Balloon Works. Bliss Ultra Lounge also occupied a section of the building.
Joseph Bumby's Warehouse, Downtown Orlando, Florida
W. L. and Silas Dolive's Packinghouse, Downtown Orlando, Florida
Sam's Bar and Grill, Downtown Orlando, Florida
Phineas Phogg's Balloon Works, Downtown Orlando, Florida
Bliss Ultra Lounge, Downtown Orlando, Florida
Teele Building, Downtown Orlando, Florida
Former State Bank and Trust Company Building, 2002
Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University. College of Law
The former site of the State Bank of Orlando, located at 1 North Orange Avenue in Downtown Orlando, Florida, in 2002. The bank was formed in 1893 with Louis Massey as president. In 1919, the State Bank converted into the State Bank and Trust Company and also acquired the northeast corner of Orange Avenue and Central Boulevard that year. A. G. Bentley constructed a ten-story building on that lot, designed by W.L. Stoddart in the 20th Century Commercial style with Neo-Classical elements. The building was used by the bank until it closed in 1929. In 1933, the Florida Bank at Orlando acquired the property. In 1927, the building was acquired by Orange County and served as governmental offices, including the Sheriff's Office and Supervisor of Elections. In 2002, it housed the temporary home of Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University's College of Law.
State Bank and Trust Company, Downtown Orlando, Florida
Florida Bank at Orlando, Downtown Orlando, Florida
Orange County Sheriff's Office, Downtown Orlando, Florida
Orange County Supervisor of Elections, Downtown Orlando, Florida
Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University College of Law, Downtown Orlando, Florida
The Rutland Building, located at 63 North Orange Avenue in Downtown Orlando, Florida, in 2002. The original two-story structure was designed by F. Earl Deloe in the Art Moderne-style for Joseph Rutland's menswear store in 1941. In 1952, three additional stories were added. Rutland's closed its downtown store in the late 1960s, but remained open in the Colonial Plaza Shopping Center.
Rutland Building, Downtown Orlando, Florida
Joseph Rutland's Menswear Store, Downtown Orlando, Florida
The Orlando SouthTrust Bank, located at 135 West Central Boulevard in Downtown Orlando, Florida, in 2002. In 1887, the SouthTrust Corporation was founded as Birmingham Trust and Savings Company in Birmingham, Alabama. The bank was renamed the Birmingham Trust National Bank in 1946, when it received a charter to become a national bank. In 1972, the bank combined with three other Alabama banks as the Alabama Financial Group, Inc. Two years later, the company was renamed the Southern Bancorporation of Alabama and continued to buy banks throughout the state. The bank's name was changed to SouthTrust Corporation in 1981 and purchased the Central Bank of South Daytona Beach in Florida,which was its first purchase outside of Alabama. SouthTrust became one of the largest banks in the South in the 1990s. On June 21, 2004, SouthTrust merged with the Wachovia Corporation.
SouthTrust Bank, Downtown Orlando, Florida
The Metcalf Building, located at 101 South Orange Avenue in Downtown Orlando, Florida. in 2002. The building opened in 1924 and was the third skyscraper in Orlando. A. G. Bentley built the structure for the Orlando Federal Savings and Loan Association. The Lucerne Pharmacy also occupied the site until 1926. In 1932, the site was owned by the Orlando Bank & Trust Company. The new bank eventually failed and the building was purchased by Henry Metcalf. In 1936, Liggett Drug Store occupied the site. The Household Finance Corporation was also housed in the building later. At the time that this photograph was taken in 2002, it was housing Citrus Bank.
Metcalf Building, Downtown Orlando, Florida
Orlando Federal Savings and Loan Association, Downtown Orlando, Florida
Lucerne Pharmacy, Downtown Orlando, Florida
Orlando Bank & Trust Company, Downtown Orlando, Florida
Liggett Drug Store, Downtown Orlando, Florida
The McEwan Sanitarium, located at 100 East Central Boulevard in Downtown Orlando, Florida, in 2000. The two-story clinic was constructed in 1911 and expanded to three stories around 1920. The building served as the hospital of Dr. John McEwan, who arrived in Orlando in 1906, until 1925. Later occupants of the site include the Florida Public Service Corporation and the Florida Gas Company.
Original color digital images by Thomas Cook, 2000: Private Collection of Thomas Cook.
McEwan Sanitarium, Downtown Orlando, Florida
The McCrory Building, located at 101 South Orange Avenue in Downtown Orlando, Florida, in 2001. The Art Moderne-style structure, with parts from an 1888 building, was constructed by the J. G. Stores Corporation in 1942. McCrory operated its store and headquarters at this location until 1989. In 2003, the building was demolished.
J. G. McCrory's, Downtown Orlando, Florida
The entrance of the McCrory Building, located at 101 South Orange Avenue in Downtown Orlando, Florida, in 2002. The Art Moderne-style structure, with parts from an 1888 building, was constructed by the J. G. Stores Corporation in 1942. McCrory operated its store and headquarters at this location until 1989. In 2003, the building was demolished.
The Masonic Temple, located on 205 East Central Boulevard, in Downtown Orlando, Florida, 2002. The building was constructed in the 20th Century Commercial style in 1925 and was dedicated on January 13, 1926. The original owner was the Free and Associated Masons of Orlando from 1926 until 1982. The temple was purchased in 1982 for $660,000 and underwent extensive modifications, including an additional two stories. The building now serves as professional offices.
Masonic Temple, Downtown Orlando, Florida