A portrait of Ralph Lee, which is housed at the Mary McLeod Bethune Foundation, located at 640 Dr. Mary McLeod Bethune Boulevard in Daytona Beach, Florida. Lee and his wife, Ada M. Lee, were two of the founders of the Mary McLeod Bethune Circle No. 1 in Jacksonville in 1927. Bethune Circles hosted fundraising events to support Dr. Mary Jane McLeod Bethune and her school, Bethune-Cookman College (B-CC). Lee's wife was one of Dr. Bethune's closest friend and also a member of B-CC's Women's Advisory Board. The Circle was led by Lee and several female members of the Ebenezer Methodist Church.
Original 8 x 10 inch black and white photographic print: Sun room, image 121, Mary McLeod Bethune Foundation, Daytona Beach, Florida.
Mary McLeod Bethune Foundation, Mary McLeod Bethune Home, Bethune-Cookman University, Daytona Beach, Florida
The lots located at 217-219 South Sanford Avenue in the Georgetown, an historic African-American neighborhood in Sanford, Florida. The earliest known occupant of Suite 217 was Rufus Sheppard, an African American who was listed as a resident here from approximately 1911 to 1917. J. V. Kendall ran a fish market here from approximately 1924 to 1926. From approximately 1947 to 1965, the Sanford Fish & Grocery Company operated from this suite, as well as the adjacent suite. Resident J. B. Williams was the first known occupant of Suite 219 from approximately 1911 to 1917. From approximately 1924 to 1926, I. F. Schwartz operated his grocery store at this location. At the time that this photograph was taken in January 2012, both suites were vacant.
Original color digital images by Adam Rock, January 23, 2012.
RICHES of Central Florida
A History of Central Florida, Episode 5: Hontoon Owl Totem
Episode 5 of the second season of A Hisory of Central Florida: Hontoon Owl Totem. RICHES Podcast Documentaries are short form narrative documentaries that explore Central Florida history and are locally produced. These podcasts can involve the participation or cooperation of local area partners. Episode 5 features the Hontoon Owl Totem at Hontoon Island State Park, located between the St. Johns River and the Hontoon Dead River in Volusia County, Florida. This podcast also includes interviews with Craig Morris of the Fort Caroline and the Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve, Dr. Neill J. Wallis of the University of Florida and the Florida Museum of Natural History, Dr. Jerald T. Milanich of the University of Florida, and Donna Ruhl of the Florida Museum of Natural History.
Original 12-minute and 16-second podcast by Chip Ford, November 19, 2013: "A History of Central Florida, Episode 5: Hontoon Owl Totem." RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Orlando, Florida.
RICHES
Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve
The Florida Anthropologist
Florida Memory Project
Orange County Regional History Center
Hontoon Island State Park, DeLand, Florida
Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve, Jacksonville, Florida
A History of Central Florida, Episode 4: Celts
Episode 4 of the second season of A History of Central Florida: Celts. RICHES Podcast Documentaries are short form narrative documentaries that explore Central Florida history and are locally produced. These podcasts can involve the participation or cooperation of local area partners. Episode 4 features a discussion of celts, a pre-Columbian tool used by Native Americans in Central Florida. This podcast also includes interviews with Dr. Jon Endonino of the University of Florida, George Long of the University of Central Florida, and Dr. Jerald T. Milanich of the University of Florida.
Original 10-minute and 56-second podcast by Robert Cassanello, November 19, 2013: "A History of Central Florida, Episode 4: Celts." RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Orlando, Florida.
Silver River Museum and Environmental Education Center
Silver River Museum and Environmental Education Center, Ocala, Florida
A History of Central Florida, Episode 3: Indian Canoes
Episode 3 of the second season of A History of Central Florida: Indian Canoes. RICHES Podcast Documentaries are short form narrative documentaries that explore Central Florida history and are locally produced. These podcasts can involve the participation or cooperation of local area partners. Episode 3 features a discussion of the canoe transportation networks used by Native Americans in Central Florida during the Archaic Period. This podcast also includes interviews with Dr. Jerald T. Milanich of the University of Florida, Dr. Mark Howard Long of the University of Central Florida, and Donna Ruhl of the Florida Museum of Natural History.
Original 13-minute and 29-second podcast by Chip Ford, November 19, 2013: "A History of Central Florida, Episode 3: Indian Canoes." RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Orlando, Florida.
Kate's Fish Camp
Orange County Regional History Center, Orlando, Florida
Osceola County Welcome Center and History Museum, Kissimmee, Florida
A History of Central Florida, Episode 2: Ceramic Pots
Episode 2 of the second season of A History of Central Florida: Ceramic Pots. RICHES Podcast Documentaries are short form narrative documentaries that explore Central Florida history and are locally produced. These podcasts can involve the participation or cooperation of local area partners. Episode 2 features a discussion of the ceramic pots displayed at the New Smyrna Museum of History, located at 120 Sams Avenue in New Smyrna Beach, Florida. This podcast also includes interviews with Dr. Neill J. Wallis of the University of Florida and the Florida Museum of Natural History and Dr. Jerald T. Milanich of the University of Florida.
Original 11-minute and 30-second podcast by Katie Kelley, November 19, 2013: "A History of Central Florida, Episode 2: Ceramic Pots." RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Orlando, Florida.
Florida Museum of Natural History
New Smyrna Museum of History, New Smyrna Beach, Florida
A History of Central Florida, Episode 1: Windover Burial Site
Episode 1 of the second season of A History of Central Florida: Windover Burial Site. RICHES Podcast Documentaries are short form narrative documentaries that explore Central Florida history and are locally produced. These podcasts can involve the participation or cooperation of local area partners. Episode 1 features the Windover Burial Site in Brevard County, Florida. This podcast also includes interviews with Rachel K. Wentz of the Florida Public Archaeology Network, Dr. Jerald T. Milanich of the University of Florida, and Dr. Glen Doran of Florida State University. The Windover Archaeological Site was discovered in 1982 and funding to excavate the pond was awarded in 1984. Windover Pond, along with other sites excavated since 1970, contributed to the major reassessment of Florida's Archaic Period.
Original 14-minute and 4-second podcast by Chip Ford, November 19, 2013: "A History of Central Florida, Episode 1: Windover Burial Site." RICHES Podcast Documentaries, Orlando, Florida.
Florida Department of State Division of Historical Resources
Windover Burial Site, Brevard County, Florida
School Grounds at Sanford Grammar School
The school grounds of Sanford Grammar School. Originally located at 301 West Seventh Street in Sanford, Florida, Sanford Grammar School was first established as Sanford High School in 1902. The building was designed by W. G. Talley in the Romanesque revival style. Due to an increasing student population, a new school building was constructed on Sanford Avenue in 1911. The original building on Seventh Street served as Westside Grammar Elementary School, which was later renamed Sanford Grammar School. In 1984, the building was placed on the U.S. National Registry of Historic Places and converted into the Student Museum. The building reopened as the University of Central Florida's Public History Center in 2012. In 1927, a high school campus was designed by Elton J. Moughton in the Mediterranean revival style and constructed at 1700 French Avenue. The school reopened on January 10 and was renamed Seminole High School. In 1960, the high school moved to a new campus at 2701 Ridgewood Avenue and the former building on French Avenue was converted to Sanford Junior High School, which was later renamed Sanford Middle School. The old building was demolished in the summer of 1991 and replaced by a $5.77 million school complex. As of 2013, Seminole High School offers various Advanced Placement courses, the Academy for Health Careers, and the International Baccalaureate Programme for students.
Original 5 x 5 inch black and white photograph: Sanford Grammar Collection, Archives Box 4B, UCF Public History Center, Sanford, Florida.
Sanford Grammar School, Sanford, Florida
Dr. Calvin D. Fowler and T. J.O'Malley Observing Project Mercury
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
Dr. Calvin D. Fowler, T. J. O'Malley (1915-2009) and others observing Mercury-Atlas 9 (MA-9)'s spacecraft, Faith 7, for Project Mercury. Faith 7 was piloted by Gordon Cooper (1927-2004), on May 15, 1963. After the launch, the team assembled in the blockhouse to observe the mission on monitors. Dr. Fowler, who had just launched Cooper into orbit, is seated along with O'Malley, who had previously launchedJohn Glenn (b. 1921)'s rocket, Friendship 7.
Original black and white photographic print: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Chronopoints
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14 Blockhouse, Cape Canaveral, Florida
Winter Garden's original fire station, located at 127 South Boyd Street, was built during the Great Depression with funds secured by Mayor George Walker from the Works Progress Administration (WPA). In order to apply to the WPA for funding, the mayor and Fire Chief Hoyle Pounds needed to submit plans and a rendering of the proposed building. Franklin Cappleman, a young college student at the time, had just completed an architectural drafting class at Georgia Institute of Technology and was recruited to draw up the plans. The building was constructed in 1938 according to his very amateur drawings, and it still stands today.
Original color digital image by Katherine Bowers, July 2014: Winter Garden Heritage Foundation, Winter Garden, Florida.
Winter Garden Fire Station, Winter Garden, Florida
John Glenn Returning to Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14 After Mercury 7 Flight
As the third Mercury 7 astronaut, John Glenn (b. 1921) became the first American to orbit the Earth on February 20, 1962. On February 23, he returned to Patrick Air Force Base (Patrick AFB), accompanied by Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson (1908-1973), and was reunited with his wife Annie Glenn (b. 1920) and their children. Glenn, his wife, and Vice President Johnson then motorcaded to Cape Canaveral and participated in a parade through Cocoa Beach, Florida. Upon arrival at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (Cape Cananveral AFS), they greeted President John F. Kennedy (1917-1963), who had flown into Cape Canaveral, landing at the Skid Strip. From there, President Kennedy and Glenn were driven to Hangar S at Cape Canaveral, where the President presented him the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Distinguished Service Medal. They then toured Mercury Control Center and then greeted launch workers at Launch Complex 14 (LC-14). At the launch site, Glenn presented the President with a hard hat that workers wore when at the launchpad.
Original color photographic print, February 23, 1962: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Skid Strip, Cape Canaveral, Florida
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14, Cape Canaveral, Florida
A newspaper article about a meeting that occurred on October 9, 1962, before the launch of Walter "Wally" Marty Schirra, Jr. in Sigma 7 between representatives of the Aerospace Corporation; the Burroughs Corporation; Rocketdyne, Inc.; General Dynamics/Astronautics; McDonnell Aircraft Corporation; General Electric Company; the U.S. Air Force (USAF); and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NAS). Photographed, from left to right, are Jack Wiegand of the Aerospace Corporation; George Liner of the Burroughs Corporation; Major C. J. McCarthy of the Air Force's 6555th Aerospace Test Group; Lee Solid of Rocketdyne, Inc.; Major J. R. Mullady of the 6555th, Dr. Calvin D. Fowler of General Dynamics/Astronautics; Porter Brown of NASA; Ralph Gendielle of the McDonnell Aircraft Corporation; and John Savarie of General Electric Company. The racks of electronics and control consoles provides the backdrop.
Original newspaper article: "Pre-Launch Meeting." October 9, 1962: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin "Cal" D. Fowler.
Gordon Cooper (1927-2004) was the sixth American in space and the fourth to orbit the Earth. Cooper flew in the Faith 7 spacecraft for Project Mercury. At the time, he was in space for 34 hours, longer than any American. With his second space flight in Project Gemini, Cooper led all astronauts and cosmonauts in total accumulated time in space. U.S. Air Force (USAF) Colonel Cooper was selected in 1959 as one of the Mercury 7, which was the first group of American astronauts, after a detailed examination of him physically and psychologically, and the successful achievement of the qualifying requirements. Before entering the space program, Cooper was an accomplished pilot, aeronautical engineer, and test pilot. In this self signed color photograph, Cooper is posed in his space suit standing next to a scale model of his spacecraft with the American flag behind him.
Original 8 x 10 inch color photographic print: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Cape Canaveral, Florida
Astronauts' Biggest 'Booster': Button Pusher with Prime Job
A newspaper article by Peter Reich published in The Chicago's American. The article provides a contemporaneous account of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler, manager of Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14 (LC-14) and launch conductor, whose job was launching astronaut Gordon Cooper into space on a Project Mercury rocket.
Original newspaper article: Reich, Peter. "Astronauts' Biggest 'Booster': Button Pusher with Prime Job." The Chicago's American, May 9, 1963: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
The Chicago's American
General Dynamics/Astronautics, San Diego, California
A newspaper article published by The Plattsburgh Press-Republican on October 4, 1962. Dr. Calvin D. Fowler was the manager of Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14 during the final three launches of Project Mercury. In this newspaper photograph, he is shown sitting at the Launch Conductor's console in the blockhouse at Launch Complex 14 (LC-14), launching Wally Schirra (1923-2007)'s Mercury-Atlas rocket, named Sigma 7, into space. Dr. Fowler would go on to do the same for Gordon Cooper (1927-2004).
Original newspaper article: "A Great Trip in a Sweet Bird." The Plattsburgh Press-Republican, Vol. LXIX, no. 45, October 4, 1962: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
The Plattsburgh Press-Republican
Letter from Alan Shepard to Dr. Calvin D. Fowler (August 2, 1963)
After Gordon Cooper (1927-2004)'s Mercury-Atlas 9 mission (MA-9), Alan Shepard's (1923-1998) scheduled Project Mercury's Mercury-Atlas 10 mission (MA-10) was canceled. Shepard wrote to Dr. Calvin D. Fowler, the manager and the Launch Conductor for Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14 (LC-14), to express his appreciation for some photographs that he had sent, and also to express his regrets about the cancellation of MA-10.
Original 1-page typewritten letter from Alan Shepard to Dr. Calvin D. Fowler, August 2, 1963: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Manned Spacecraft Center, Houston, Texas
Convair/Astronautics, Mission Training Center, Port Canaveral, Florida
Wally Schirra (1923-2007) was the fifth American astronaut in space and the third to orbit the Earth. On October 3, 1962, Dr. Calvin D. Fowler, who was the manager and launch conductor for Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14 (LC-14), confirmed a go for launch with the Project Mercury team in the launch complex's blockhouse and pressed the button to ignite the Mercury-Atlas rocket named Sigma 7. After his successful flight, U.S. Navy Lieutenant Commander Schirra thanked Dr. Fowler for his efforts with a signed photograph.
Original 8 x 10 color photographic print: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
GD/Astro Greeters See Kennedy on Cape Trip
A newspaper article on President John F. Kennedy (1917-1963)'s visit to Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14 (LC-14) on September 11, 1962. Presidents typically use such visits to gain firsthand understanding of important programs. President Kennedy toured the Cape Canaveral launch facilities the day before he announced the project to place a man on the Moon.
Original newspaper article: "GD/Astro Greeters See Kennedy on Cape Trip." September 11, 1962: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
The Winter Garden Heritage Museum, located at 1 North Main Street in Winter Garden, Florida, in 2007. This one-story masonry vernacular building was originally the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad depot. The earliest train depot on this site was a 16-by-20-foot small wooden shed built by farmers in 1893 so that they could ship their produce to Jacksonville and St. Petersburg on the Orange Belt Railway. A second, larger wooden terminal was built on the same site in 1906 by the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Company (ACL). The current brick building was constructed around 1918. After the train depot closed around 1960, the building housed the Chamber of Commerce, and then several other businesses. In 1998, Kay Chicone Ustler and Jerry Chicone, Jr. donated $150,000 to the City of Winter Garden to purchase the building for use as a museum. The Winter Garden Heritage Foundation opened the museum one month later. The museum is still active and is open from 1-5 PM everyday, excluding holidays.
Original color digital image, 2007: Winter Garden Heritage Foundation, Winter Garden, Florida.
Winter Garden Heritage Museum, Winter Garden, Florida
Cal Fowler and Others at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14
Dr. Calvin D. Fowler with others at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14 (LC-14). Dr. Fowler is photographed second from the right. Dr. Fowler was the manager of Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14 during the final three launches of Project Mercury. From the blockhouse at Complex 14, after confirming the mission was a go, Dr. Fowler pressed the button to launch Wally Schirra (1923-2007), Scott Carpenter (1925-2013) and Gordon Cooper (1927-2004) into space aboard their respective rockets. He is pictured chatting with workers at the launch site.
The historic marker for the PICO Hotel, located at 209 North Oak Avenue in Sanford, Florida. The building was constructed in 1887 for Henry B. Plant (1819-1899), President of the Plant Investment Company (PICO). The onion-shaped dome located on the southwest corner of the roof resembled a Turkish minaret. The dome was destroyed by a severe thunderstorm in the 1950s and was never replaced. The PICO Hotel served as the terminal hotel for a railroad and two steamship lines owned by Plant. One of the hotel's famous guests was President Calvin Coolidge (1872-1933), who spent the night at the PICO Hotel during his visit to Sanford.
Original historic marker, December 19, 2010.
A photographic postcard of the Masonic Temple, located on 205 East Central Boulevard in Orlando, Florida. The building was constructed in the 20th Century Commercial style in 1925 and was dedicated on January 13, 1926. The original owner was the Free and Associated Masons of Orlando from 1926 until 1982. The building was purchased in 1982 for $660,000 and underwent extensive modifications, including an additional two stories. The building now serves as professional offices. The First Unitarian Church of Orlando's Unity Chapel, located at 1 North Rosalind Avenue in Downtown Orlando, Florida, can be seen to the far left of the postcard. On January 8, 1911, a congregation of Universalist Unitarians, lead by Reverend Eleanor Gordon, formed in the home of Caroline Groninger Gore, the second wife of former Mayor Mahlon Gore, which was located at 211 Lucerne Circle. The church was formally organized the following year in the home of Edward McNeill, located at 309 Robinson Street. The congregation held some of its earliest services in the Lucerne Theatre before holding its first service at Unity Chapel on February 16, 1913. Unity Chapel was designed by architects Ida Annah Ryan and Isabel Roberts in the Spanish Colonial Revival-style. The chapel was dedicated on March 16. By 1954, the congregation had outgrown Unity Chapel and moved to a new church located at 1901 East Robinson Street. In 1957, the chapel's last service took place. Sam Murrell constructed a new building, called the Murrell Building, that was designed by Richard Boone Rogers in 1957.
Original 3 x 5 inch black and white photographic postcard: Private Collection of Joy Wallace Dickinson.
Masonic Temple, Downtown Orlando, Florida
Lunch Wagon at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14
Launch complexes (Astronautics)--Florida
During Project Mercury, the program to launch the first American into space, astronauts would visit the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (AFS) in Cape Canaveral, Florida, and would often eat lunch at a lunch truck because of time limitations and lack of places to eat. This photograph shows Mercury 7 astronauts Wally Schirra (1923-2007), the fifth man launched in Sigma 7, and Gordon Cooper (1927-2004), the sixth man launched in Faith 7. This photograph also shows Launch Complex 14 (LC-14) manager Dr. Calvin D. Fowler and others getting lunch at a "roach coach" at the Cape Canaveral AFS during a visit for Project Mercury.
The lots located at 224 South Sanford Avenue in the Georgetown, an historic African-American neighborhood in Sanford, Florida. The earliest known occupant this lot was W. C. Martin, who resided here in 1911. Wilbur Forester later resided at this address in 1917. In 1917, Lou Finney was also listed as a resident at 224 1/2 South Sanford Avenue. All three of these residents were African Americans. At the time that this photograph was taken in January 2012, a parking lot was located at this address.
Original color digital image by Adam Rock, January 23, 2012.
The building located at 300-304 South Sanford Avenue in the Georgetown, an historic African-American neighborhood in Sanford, Florida. The earliest known occupant of Suite 300 was A. E. Philips, who was the only druggist in Sanford by 1892. Although Philips transferred ownership of his drugstore to his brother, Lucien R. Philips, in 1894 and established a new business in Clear Water Harbor, he still maintained residence in this location around 1911. Besides being a store owner, Philips was also a published writer on pharmaceuticals and well-respected within the community. Philips joined the Florida State Pharmaceutical Association in 1887. In 1891, he was in attendance during the fifth annual Florida State Pharmaceutical Association in Jacksonville, where he submitted a paper that won a gold medal from the association. He also addressed the issue of large department stores undercutting the prices of local pharmacies. He proposed resolutions that the association denounce the practice of cutting prices and that the druggists should do whatever they could to keep drugs from being sold in department stores. Philips was also elected to the office of president, presumably of the association. In 1917, the lot was the residence of J. M. Saucer, a representative of District 3 (which included Alachua, Clay, Duval, Lake, Marion, Orange, Putnam, Seminole, and Volusia counties) in the Florida Budget Commission from approximately 1931 to 1941. This lot was then occupied by E. Mable-Saint Drugs from approximately 1924 to 1926. Dr. Edward D. Strickland, a successful African-American dentist who previously practiced at 507 South Sanford Avenue in 1924, had his office in Suites 300-302 from 1926 until 1946. In 1926, Dr. Strickland also shared his office with Dr. O. A. Prince, a black physician. Dr. Strickland resided at 305 South Sanford Avenue in 1917 and moved to 511 South Sanford Avenue by 1926. From approximately 1947 to 1952, the Sanford Jewelry & Luggage Company was housed at this location. In 1965, the lot was occupied by Grant's Clock Shop. The lot was listed as vacant in 1975. The Knights of Pythias Hall was the first known occupant of Suite 302 in 1917. The Knights of Pythias is a secret fraternal organization that was founded by Justus H. Rathbone on February 19, 1865, in Washington, D. C. This particular chapter consisted of African-American men. William Rosseter, who was also an African American, was also listed as a resident at this address that same year. From approximately 1924 to 1926, Albert Gramling, a local black businessman, operated a billiards room at this location. During that same period, the Knights of Pythias Hall was listed at 302 1/2 South Sanford Avenue. Victory Beer Garden was listed at this address in 1947 and Victory Tavern was listed here in 1952. Both of these African-American establishments were likely under the same ownership. In 1952, the Victory Taxi Company was listed at this address, but later returned to Victory Tavern in 1965. Around 1966, the tavern's owner, Jerry Bentley, passed away and his beer and wine license was transferred to his widow, Natherine Bentley. In 1911, two occupants were listed at 304 South Sanford Avenue: A. Foster, a resident, and J. H. Lee & Company. The people who occupied this lot described below were all African Americans. Two local businesses were then run from this location: Braboy & Sapp in 1917 and Scipio Bracey's barbershop was here from approximately 1924 to 1947. From approximately 1924 to 1926, blacksmith W. O. Green ran his business in the rear side of the building. In 1947, Isaiah F. Frazier also operated his billiards room at this address. 304 1/2 South Sanford Avenue was listed as the residence of James Austin in 1947 and Louis A. Loyd in 1952. In 1952, Preston Williamson was listed as a resident at this location, as well as the Frazer & Fulton Pool Room. Williamson owned the Seminole Barber Shop, located at 420 South Sanford Avenue, from 1963 to 1969. By 1965, the Suite 304 was vacant. At the time that this photograph was taken in January 2012, Suites 300-304 were being occupied by Jason's Martini Club. Jason Turner, the owner of the club, purchased the building in 2002 and began leasing it to a tenant who opened Rhythm and Brew's. A second tenant opened the bar as Sharkey's, until Turner decided to open his own martini bar in the building called Jason's Martini Club in December 2007. Turner also opened Fat Rat's Lounge, a 1920s-style bar, at 410 South Sanford Avenue in 2010.
Seminole County Public Schools Teachers and Salaries, 1913-1954
Seminole County Public Schools' Teacher Records from 1913 to 1954. When the Seminole County School Board was established in 1913, it began recording teachers' names, ages, certifications, years of experience, number of months contracted, and salaries in a loose-leaf ledger. Over the years, the records began including new categories of information, such as home addresses and colleges/universities attended. In total, the ledger includes 116 pages and details the teachers employed at both Caucasian and African-American schools. Schools were located in various towns in Seminole County including Sanford, Lake Mary, Geneva, Longwood, Oviedo, Clyde, Gabriella, Altamonte Springs, Chuluota, Paola, Lake Monroe, Goldsboro, Markham, Forest City, Curryville, and Midway-Canaan.
Seminole County School Board
Original ledger by Seminole County School Board: Seminole County Public School System Collection, box 2, folder 1A, UCF Public History Center, Sanford, Florida.
Geneva Elementary School, Geneva, Florida
Goldsboro Primary School, Goldsboro, Sanford, Florida
Forest City Elementary School, Forest City, Altamonte Springs, Florida
Midway Elementary School, Midway, Sanford, Florida
Kolokee School, Kolokee, Geneva, Florida
Hopper Academy, Georgetown, Sanford, Florida
Crooms High School, Goldsboro, Sanford, Florida
Wilson Elementary School, Sanford, Florida
Seminole-Rosenwald School, Altamonte Springs, Florida
The building located at 301-305 South Sanford Avenue in Georgetown, an historic African-American neighborhood in Sanford, Florida. The earliest known occupant of Suite 301 was resident Julia Tony. W. E. Hawkins later resided at this address in 1917. By 1924, Hamrick's Cash Grocer was operating from this site and Naaman Siplin and Dora Jones were residing in 301 1/2 South Sanford Avenue. Just-Rite Grocery replaced Hamrick's by 1926. In that same year, George Williams, Eugene Slappey, Ernest Bray, Catherine Graham were residing at 301 1/2. Lonnie Cherry resided at Suite 301 1/2 in 1947 and Luke Wright resided here in 1965. From approximately 1947 to 1952, the Afro-American Life Insurance Company was listed at 301 South Sanford Avenue. The office was originally located at 413 1/2 South Sanford Avenue in 1924 and then moved next door to Suite 411 in 1926. The company, which also operated as a financial institution, was founded by Abraham Lincoln Lewis and others in Jacksonville. Buying insurance had previously been difficult and unaffordable for most African Americans before Afro-American Life Insurance Co. was established in 1901. The company closed in 1990. This particular building was listed as vacant in 1965. All of the residents listed above between 1924 and 1947 were African Americans. Hawkins & Warren was the first known occupants of Suite 303 in 1911. In 1917, G. Saucer resided at this address. By 1924, this lot was being occupied by Hawkins Brothers Meats and then by Kennington & Nesmith Meats in 1926. Ernest B. Sizemore operated his grocery store at Suite 303 in 1947 and Robert Frazer was listed as a resident at 303 1/2 South Sanford Avenue. Campbell's Fish Market was listed at this address in 1952. By 1965, this suite was vacant. In 1975, Knights Bicycle Shop was located here, after moving from 414 South Sanford Avenue sometime after 1965. The earliest known occupant of 305 South Sanford Avenue was resident William Papall in 1911. By 1917, J. D. Bonner and Dr. Edward. D. Strickland resided at this address. Dr. Strickland was a successful black dentist. By 1926, he had moved his residence to 511 South Sanford Avenue, where a new two-story house was constructed in 1930. He had originally practiced dentistry at 507 South Sanford Avenue until he moved his office to 300-302 South Sanford Avenue, where he practiced from 1926 to 1946. Judge Williams was operating his restaurant here by 1924 and Sami Boyd ran his barbershop here by 1926. Williams resided at 307 South Sanford Avenue in 1917, but he had vacated the property by 1924. By 1947, Suites 305-307 was being occupied by Howard Boteler, a wholesale confectioner. Boteler had previously been in a partner of Boteler-Jackson Company Inc., which was located at 307 South Sanford Avenue in 1926. The Boteler Howard Company, a wholesale confectioner business, was run at 500-502 South Sanford Avenue from approximately 1952 to 1965. Bill Duskin's Department Store was listed at Suite 305 in 1947 and Ezekiel's Radio Sales & Service was listed at this address in 1952. From approximately 1965 to 1975, this lot was being occupied by the Royal Palm Barber Shop. All of the occupants listed above from 1911 to 1952 were African Americans, with the exception of Boteler. At the time that this photograph was taken in January 2012, Suites 301-305 was vacant with no building.
Letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford (April 28, 1884)
A letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford dated April 28, 1884. Macfarlane was the secretary for the Florida Land and Colonization Company from 1884 until its dissolution in 1892. Presumably, he worked in the company's main office, located at 13 Austin Friars in the business district of London, United Kingdom. In this letter, Macfarlane made reference to the transfer of 250 company shares to Mr. I. I. Foulkrod. The shares, forwarded at Sanford's request, were valued at £20 each for a total value of £5,000. The Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) was a joint-stock venture that invested in Florida land development and sales in the 1880s and early 1890s. The company was formed by Henry Shelton Sanford (1823-1891) with help from a group of British investors. The original impetus for the company's formation was Sanford's inability to continue his land acquisition and development efforts in Florida independently. In 1879, faced with financial difficulties, Sanford turned to a trusted associate in the United Kingdom, a Scottish industrialist named Sir William Mackinnon (1823-1893), to help him attract investors. The formation of the company was in large part due to the efforts of MacKinnon, whose reputation and influence helped bring investors on board. Located at 13 Austin Friars, the company was officially registered in London on June 10, 1880. With the formation of the FLCC, all of Henry Sanford's Florida properties were transferred to the company in exchange for a £10,000 cash payment and another £50,000 in company stock. The one-time cash payment was a needed reprieve for Sanford, who faced financial difficulties by the end of the 1870s. The board of directors included Mackinnon, as well as W. C. Gray and Edwyn Sandys Dawes, partners in Gray-Dawes and Company, a London-based banking and investment house. Other directors included Alexander Fraser, Anthony Norris, George A. Thomson, and Eli Lee. Sanford was named President and Chairman of the Board. In 1880, the company owned 26,000 acres scattered across Florida, including in the cities of Jacksonville, St. Augustine, and Sanford, as well as in Alachua County and Marion County. Almost from the outset, there was serious friction between the British board members and Henry Sanford. Disagreements erupted over business strategy, as Sanford frequently proposed initiatives deemed too bold for the cautious British investors. From 1882 to 1892, the company saw steady, if meager, profits. Most of its income came from the sale of lots in the city of Sanford. From 1885 until 1890, the company, while remaining solvent, continued to see declining profits. From 1886 to 1890, the profits were so modest that the company declined to pay dividends on its yearly profits. Needed improvements and developments in the city of Sanford during the late 1880s sapped much of the company's income. Following Henry Sanford's death in 1891, many of the investors lost the motivation to continue. On September 15, 1892, the various directors acted to dissolve the company. Its assets, including roughly 65,000 acres of Florida land, were divided among shareholders.
Original letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford, April 28, 1884: box 54, folder 1, subfolder 1.1, Henry Shelton Sanford Papers, General Henry S. Sanford Memorial Library, Sanford Museum, Sanford, Florida.
Florida Land and Colonization Company, London, England, United Kingdom
Letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford (August 27, 1884)
A letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford dated August 27, 1884. Macfarlane was the secretary for the Florida Land and Colonization Company from 1884 until its dissolution in 1892. Presumably, he worked in the company's main office, located at 13 Austin Friars in the business district of London, United Kingdom. In this letter, Macfarlane discussed several possibilities for the usage of company profits earned during the fiscal year ending on June 30, 1884. Macfarlane suggested either directing half of the profits to the reduction of company property values but with no distribution of dividends, or directing a quarter of profits to the reduction of property values, with shareholders receiving a 5% dividend for the year. The Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) was a joint-stock venture that invested in Florida land development and sales in the 1880s and early 1890s. The company was formed by Henry Shelton Sanford (1823-1891) with help from a group of British investors. The original impetus for the company's formation was Sanford's inability to continue his land acquisition and development efforts in Florida independently. In 1879, faced with financial difficulties, Sanford turned to a trusted associate in the United Kingdom, a Scottish industrialist named Sir William Mackinnon (1823-1893), to help him attract investors. The formation of the company was in large part due to the efforts of MacKinnon, whose reputation and influence helped bring investors on board. Located at 13 Austin Friars, the company was officially registered in London on June 10, 1880. With the formation of the FLCC, all of Henry Sanford's Florida properties were transferred to the company in exchange for a £10,000 cash payment and another £50,000 in company stock. The one-time cash payment was a needed reprieve for Sanford, who faced financial difficulties by the end of the 1870s. The board of directors included Mackinnon, as well as W. C. Gray and Edwyn Sandys Dawes, partners in Gray-Dawes and Company, a London-based banking and investment house. Other directors included Alexander Fraser, Anthony Norris, George A. Thomson, and Eli Lee. Sanford was named President and Chairman of the Board. In 1880, the company owned 26,000 acres scattered across Florida, including in the cities of Jacksonville, St. Augustine, and Sanford, as well as in Alachua County and Marion County. Almost from the outset, there was serious friction between the British board members and Henry Sanford. Disagreements erupted over business strategy, as Sanford frequently proposed initiatives deemed too bold for the cautious British investors. From 1882 to 1892, the company saw steady, if meager, profits. Most of its income came from the sale of lots in the city of Sanford. From 1885 until 1890, the company, while remaining solvent, continued to see declining profits. From 1886 to 1890, the profits were so modest that the company declined to pay dividends on its yearly profits. Needed improvements and developments in the city of Sanford during the late 1880s sapped much of the company's income. Following Henry Sanford's death in 1891, many of the investors lost the motivation to continue. On September 15, 1892, the various directors acted to dissolve the company. Its assets, including roughly 65,000 acres of Florida land, were divided among shareholders.
Original letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford, August 27, 1884: box 54, folder 1, subfolder 1.2, Henry Shelton Sanford Papers, General Henry S. Sanford Memorial Library, Sanford Museum, Sanford, Florida.
Letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford (October 3, 1884)
A letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford dated October 3, 1884. Macfarlane was the secretary for the Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) from 1884 until its dissolution in 1892. Presumably, he worked in the company's main office, located at 13 Austin Friars in the business district of London, United Kingdom. In this letter, Macfarlane discussed the minutes from the previous meeting of the board of directors. Sanford, staying in Belgium at the time, was unable to attend. Perhaps the most important board decision, conveyed by Macfarlane, was the transfer of the power to sign deeds. The board decided that it was in the company's best interest to transfer this power from Henry Sanford to E. R. Trafford and William Beardall. Trafford was the company's agent based in Sanford, Florida, while Beardall was sent to Sanford from London to serve as the Assistant Manager in the FLCC's Sanford office. The action, taken by the board, reflected the strained relations between Henry Sanford and his London-based partners. It represented an effort to limit the powers and influence of Henry Sanford in company decision-making and instead to reallocate these powers to two company-appointed agents. The Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) was a joint-stock venture that invested in Florida land development and sales in the 1880s and early 1890s. The company was formed by Henry Shelton Sanford (1823-1891) with help from a group of British investors. The original impetus for the company's formation was Sanford's inability to continue his land acquisition and development efforts in Florida independently. In 1879, faced with financial difficulties, Sanford turned to a trusted associate in the United Kingdom, a Scottish industrialist named Sir William Mackinnon (1823-1893), to help him attract investors. The formation of the company was in large part due to the efforts of MacKinnon, whose reputation and influence helped bring investors on board. Located at 13 Austin Friars, the company was officially registered in London on June 10, 1880. With the formation of the FLCC, all of Henry Sanford's Florida properties were transferred to the company in exchange for a £10,000 cash payment and another £50,000 in company stock. The one-time cash payment was a needed reprieve for Sanford, who faced financial difficulties by the end of the 1870s. The board of directors included Mackinnon, as well as W. C. Gray and Edwyn Sandys Dawes, partners in Gray-Dawes and Company, a London-based banking and investment house. Other directors included Alexander Fraser, Anthony Norris, George A. Thomson, and Eli Lee. Sanford was named President and Chairman of the Board. In 1880, the company owned 26,000 acres scattered across Florida, including in the cities of Jacksonville, St. Augustine, and Sanford, as well as in Alachua County and Marion County. Almost from the outset, there was serious friction between the British board members and Henry Sanford. Disagreements erupted over business strategy, as Sanford frequently proposed initiatives deemed too bold for the cautious British investors. From 1882 to 1892, the company saw steady, if meager, profits. Most of its income came from the sale of lots in the city of Sanford. From 1885 until 1890, the company, while remaining solvent, continued to see declining profits. From 1886 to 1890, the profits were so modest that the company declined to pay dividends on its yearly profits. Needed improvements and developments in the city of Sanford during the late 1880s sapped much of the company's income. Following Henry Sanford's death in 1891, many of the investors lost the motivation to continue. On September 15, 1892, the various directors acted to dissolve the company. Its assets, including roughly 65,000 acres of Florida land, were divided among shareholders.
Original letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford, October 3, 1884: box 54, folder 1, subfolder 1.3, Henry Shelton Sanford Papers, General Henry S. Sanford Memorial Library, Sanford Museum, Sanford, Florida.
Letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford (December 23, 1884)
A letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford dated December 23, 1884. Macfarlane was the secretary for the Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) from 1884 until its dissolution in 1892. Presumably, he worked in the company's main office, located at 13 Austin Friars in the business district of London, United Kingdom. In this letter, Macfarlane described in detail the minutes of the board of directors meeting held the day prior. In discussing the various topics of importance, Macfarlane conveyed the strained relationship between the board of directors and Henry Sanford. In particular, the letter illustrated the mutual misunderstandings and differences of opinion held by Sanford and the London-based investors. On page two, when discussing the financial state of the company, Macfarlane noted that "the Directors desire me to express their regret that you have not indicated to them some practical means of raising money to meet the above requirements [and] the Debentures shortly falling due." The letter reflected the board's lack of trust in the financial strategies advocated by Sanford. The Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) was a joint-stock venture that invested in Florida land development and sales in the 1880s and early 1890s. The company was formed by Henry Shelton Sanford (1823-1891) with help from a group of British investors. The original impetus for the company's formation was Sanford's inability to continue his land acquisition and development efforts in Florida independently. In 1879, faced with financial difficulties, Sanford turned to a trusted associate in the United Kingdom, a Scottish industrialist named Sir William Mackinnon (1823-1893), to help him attract investors. The formation of the company was in large part due to the efforts of MacKinnon, whose reputation and influence helped bring investors on board. Located at 13 Austin Friars, the company was officially registered in London on June 10, 1880. With the formation of the FLCC, all of Henry Sanford's Florida properties were transferred to the company in exchange for a £10,000 cash payment and another £50,000 in company stock. The one-time cash payment was a needed reprieve for Sanford, who faced financial difficulties by the end of the 1870s. The board of directors included Mackinnon, as well as W. C. Gray and Edwyn Sandys Dawes, partners in Gray-Dawes and Company, a London-based banking and investment house. Other directors included Alexander Fraser, Anthony Norris, George A. Thomson, and Eli Lee. Sanford was named President and Chairman of the Board. In 1880, the company owned 26,000 acres scattered across Florida, including in the cities of Jacksonville, St. Augustine, and Sanford, as well as in Alachua County and Marion County. Almost from the outset, there was serious friction between the British board members and Henry Sanford. Disagreements erupted over business strategy, as Sanford frequently proposed initiatives deemed too bold for the cautious British investors. From 1882 to 1892, the company saw steady, if meager, profits. Most of its income came from the sale of lots in the city of Sanford. From 1885 until 1890, the company, while remaining solvent, continued to see declining profits. From 1886 to 1890, the profits were so modest that the company declined to pay dividends on its yearly profits. Needed improvements and developments in the city of Sanford during the late 1880s sapped much of the company's income. Following Henry Sanford's death in 1891, many of the investors lost the motivation to continue. On September 15, 1892, the various directors acted to dissolve the company. Its assets, including roughly 65,000 acres of Florida land, were divided among shareholders.
Original letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford, December 23, 1884: box 54, folder 1, subfolder 1.4, Henry Shelton Sanford Papers, General Henry S. Sanford Memorial Library, Sanford Museum, Sanford, Florida.
Letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford (December 29, 1884)
A letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford dated December 29, 1884. Macfarlane was the secretary for the Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) from 1884 until its dissolution in 1892. Presumably, he worked in the company's main office, located at 13 Austin Friars in the business district of London, United Kingdom. In this letter, Macfarlane discussed various aspects of the company's financial state, noting disappointment in lower-than-expected land sales in Florida. At one point, Macfarlane expressed concern that "[t]he cash on hand in Florida, in the office [and] banks, at the end of November amounted to less than £400 not more than required for the business." The letter conveyed the often tenuous nature of the company's efforts to turn a profit in Florida. The Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) was a joint-stock venture that invested in Florida land development and sales in the 1880s and early 1890s. The company was formed by Henry Shelton Sanford (1823-1891) with help from a group of British investors. The original impetus for the company's formation was Sanford's inability to continue his land acquisition and development efforts in Florida independently. In 1879, faced with financial difficulties, Sanford turned to a trusted associate in the United Kingdom, a Scottish industrialist named Sir William Mackinnon (1823-1893), to help him attract investors. The formation of the company was in large part due to the efforts of MacKinnon, whose reputation and influence helped bring investors on board. Located at 13 Austin Friars, the company was officially registered in London on June 10, 1880. With the formation of the FLCC, all of Henry Sanford's Florida properties were transferred to the company in exchange for a £10,000 cash payment and another £50,000 in company stock. The one-time cash payment was a needed reprieve for Sanford, who faced financial difficulties by the end of the 1870s. The board of directors included Mackinnon, as well as W. C. Gray and Edwyn Sandys Dawes, partners in Gray-Dawes and Company, a London-based banking and investment house. Other directors included Alexander Fraser, Anthony Norris, George A. Thomson, and Eli Lee. Sanford was named President and Chairman of the Board. In 1880, the company owned 26,000 acres scattered across Florida, including in the cities of Jacksonville, St. Augustine, and Sanford, as well as in Alachua County and Marion County. Almost from the outset, there was serious friction between the British board members and Henry Sanford. Disagreements erupted over business strategy, as Sanford frequently proposed initiatives deemed too bold for the cautious British investors. From 1882 to 1892, the company saw steady, if meager, profits. Most of its income came from the sale of lots in the city of Sanford. From 1885 until 1890, the company, while remaining solvent, continued to see declining profits. From 1886 to 1890, the profits were so modest that the company declined to pay dividends on its yearly profits. Needed improvements and developments in the city of Sanford during the late 1880s sapped much of the company's income. Following Henry Sanford's death in 1891, many of the investors lost the motivation to continue. On September 15, 1892, the various directors acted to dissolve the company. Its assets, including roughly 65,000 acres of Florida land, were divided among shareholders.
Original letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford, December 29, 1884: box 54, folder 1, subfolder 1.5, Henry Shelton Sanford Papers, General Henry S. Sanford Memorial Library, Sanford Museum, Sanford, Florida.
Letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford (January 8, 1885)
A letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford dated January 8, 1885. Macfarlane was the secretary for the Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) from 1884 until its dissolution in 1892. Presumably, he worked in the company's main office, located at 13 Austin Friars in the business district of London, United Kingdom. In this letter, Macfarlane referenced the company efforts to raise a final £3,000 of a needed £5,000 to complete a land acquisition deal in Florida, a deal advanced and encouraged by Henry Sanford. Macfarlane noted that the company's bank, Barclay & Company, refused to provide an advance of funds without a joint guarantee from all of the members of the company's board. Macfarlane noted that some of the board members had objections to this requirement, reflecting a gulf between business strategies endorsed by Sanford and his fellow board members. The Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) was a joint-stock venture that invested in Florida land development and sales in the 1880s and early 1890s. The company was formed by Henry Shelton Sanford (1823-1891) with help from a group of British investors. The original impetus for the company's formation was Sanford's inability to continue his land acquisition and development efforts in Florida independently. In 1879, faced with financial difficulties, Sanford turned to a trusted associate in the United Kingdom, a Scottish industrialist named Sir William Mackinnon (1823-1893), to help him attract investors. The formation of the company was in large part due to the efforts of MacKinnon, whose reputation and influence helped bring investors on board. Located at 13 Austin Friars, the company was officially registered in London on June 10, 1880. With the formation of the FLCC, all of Henry Sanford's Florida properties were transferred to the company in exchange for a £10,000 cash payment and another £50,000 in company stock. The one-time cash payment was a needed reprieve for Sanford, who faced financial difficulties by the end of the 1870s. The board of directors included Mackinnon, as well as W. C. Gray and Edwyn Sandys Dawes, partners in Gray-Dawes and Company, a London-based banking and investment house. Other directors included Alexander Fraser, Anthony Norris, George A. Thomson, and Eli Lee. Sanford was named President and Chairman of the Board. In 1880, the company owned 26,000 acres scattered across Florida, including in the cities of Jacksonville, St. Augustine, and Sanford, as well as in Alachua County and Marion County. Almost from the outset, there was serious friction between the British board members and Henry Sanford. Disagreements erupted over business strategy, as Sanford frequently proposed initiatives deemed too bold for the cautious British investors. From 1882 to 1892, the company saw steady, if meager, profits. Most of its income came from the sale of lots in the city of Sanford. From 1885 until 1890, the company, while remaining solvent, continued to see declining profits. From 1886 to 1890, the profits were so modest that the company declined to pay dividends on its yearly profits. Needed improvements and developments in the city of Sanford during the late 1880s sapped much of the company's income. Following Henry Sanford's death in 1891, many of the investors lost the motivation to continue. On September 15, 1892, the various directors acted to dissolve the company. Its assets, including roughly 65,000 acres of Florida land, were divided among shareholders.
Original letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford, January 8, 1885: box 54, folder 1, subfolder 54.1.6, Henry Shelton Sanford Papers, General Henry S. Sanford Memorial Library, Sanford Museum, Sanford, Florida.
Letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford (January 20, 1885)
Letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford dated January 20, 1885. Macfarlane was the secretary for the Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) from 1884 until its dissolution in 1892. Presumably, he worked in the company's main office, located at 13 Austin Friars in the business district of London, United Kingdom. In this letter, Macfarlane discussed several recent decisions taken by the board of directors of the FLCC. He explained how the local FLCC agent based in Sanford, Florida, E. R. Trafford, was in the process of purchasing tracts of land on behalf of the company, adding that $15,000 had been raised to facilitate Trafford's purchase. The money raised for the land purchase was loaned from the London-based bank Barclay & Company. Macfarlane noted that, in order to obtain the money, the company needed to offer the bank securities in the form of land notes valued at twice the amount of the loan requested. Macfarlane deemed it necessary to note that, following the most recent loan, the company was indebted to the bank in the amount of £5,144.13, of which £2,000 would be due by April 1885. Macfarlane stated that, with the bank loan and company debentures combined, the FLCC had nearly £30,000 due by the end of the fiscal year in early July. Reflecting the often tenuous nature of the company's finances, Macfarlane added that "[t]he [Florida] agent in his report last June estimated remittances at £14,000 of which as yet only £2,200 has been received." The secretary concluded the matter by stating that "[t]he urgency of making prompt financial arrangements has in no way been relieved and I am directed again to state that the Directors consider they are incurring grave responsibility by having this question open." The stringent financial guaranties needed by the company's bank for further loans are significant. The bank's steep terms possibly reflect both the uncertainty of profitability associated with Florida land sales as well as the uncertain viability of the FLCC. The Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) was a joint-stock venture that invested in Florida land development and sales in the 1880s and early 1890s. The company was formed by Henry Shelton Sanford (1823-1891) with help from a group of British investors. The original impetus for the company's formation was Sanford's inability to continue his land acquisition and development efforts in Florida independently. In 1879, faced with financial difficulties, Sanford turned to a trusted associate in the United Kingdom, a Scottish industrialist named Sir William Mackinnon (1823-1893), to help him attract investors. The formation of the company was in large part due to the efforts of MacKinnon, whose reputation and influence helped bring investors on board. Located at 13 Austin Friars, the company was officially registered in London on June 10, 1880. With the formation of the FLCC, all of Henry Sanford's Florida properties were transferred to the company in exchange for a £10,000 cash payment and another £50,000 in company stock. The one-time cash payment was a needed reprieve for Sanford, who faced financial difficulties by the end of the 1870s. The board of directors included Mackinnon, as well as W. C. Gray and Edwyn Sandys Dawes, partners in Gray-Dawes and Company, a London-based banking and investment house. Other directors included Alexander Fraser, Anthony Norris, George A. Thomson, and Eli Lee. Sanford was named President and Chairman of the Board. In 1880, the company owned 26,000 acres scattered across Florida, including in the cities of Jacksonville, St. Augustine, and Sanford, as well as in Alachua County and Marion County. Almost from the outset, there was serious friction between the British board members and Henry Sanford. Disagreements erupted over business strategy, as Sanford frequently proposed initiatives deemed too bold for the cautious British investors. From 1882 to 1892, the company saw steady, if meager, profits. Most of its income came from the sale of lots in the city of Sanford. From 1885 until 1890, the company, while remaining solvent, continued to see declining profits. From 1886 to 1890, the profits were so modest that the company declined to pay dividends on its yearly profits. Needed improvements and developments in the city of Sanford during the late 1880s sapped much of the company's income. Following Henry Sanford's death in 1891, many of the investors lost the motivation to continue. On September 15, 1892, the various directors acted to dissolve the company. Its assets, including roughly 65,000 acres of Florida land, were divided among shareholders.
Original letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford, January 20, 1885: box 54, folder 1, subfolder 54.1.7, Henry Shelton Sanford Papers, General Henry S. Sanford Memorial Library, Sanford Museum, Sanford, Florida.
Letter from A. W. Macfarlane to F. R. Shelton (January 21, 1885)
Letter from A. W. Macfarlane to F. R. Shelton dated January 21, 1885. Macfarlane was the secretary for the Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) from 1884 until its dissolution in 1892. Presumably, he worked in the company's main office, located at 13 Austin Friars in the business district of London, United Kingdom. In this letter, Macfarlane informs Shelton, a Philadelphia-based lawyer and banker at Manayunk Bank, that he had been elected to the board of directors. Macfarlane reminded Shelton that the FLCC had some $75,000 in land notes housed at the Manayunk Bank and he expressed hope to Shelton that "with your large banking connections, you may be able to negotiate so as to meet the present requirements of the Company." Shelton's addition to the board of directors was a move prompted by Henry Shelton Sanford and the board of director's acquiescence on the matter was done in part in an effort to placate Sanford. The Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) was a joint-stock venture that invested in Florida land development and sales in the 1880s and early 1890s. The company was formed by Henry Shelton Sanford (1823-1891) with help from a group of British investors. The original impetus for the company's formation was Sanford's inability to continue his land acquisition and development efforts in Florida independently. In 1879, faced with financial difficulties, Sanford turned to a trusted associate in the United Kingdom, a Scottish industrialist named Sir William Mackinnon (1823-1893), to help him attract investors. The formation of the company was in large part due to the efforts of MacKinnon, whose reputation and influence helped bring investors on board. Located at 13 Austin Friars, the company was officially registered in London on June 10, 1880. With the formation of the FLCC, all of Henry Sanford's Florida properties were transferred to the company in exchange for a £10,000 cash payment and another £50,000 in company stock. The one-time cash payment was a needed reprieve for Sanford, who faced financial difficulties by the end of the 1870s. The board of directors included Mackinnon, as well as W. C. Gray and Edwyn Sandys Dawes, partners in Gray-Dawes and Company, a London-based banking and investment house. Other directors included Alexander Fraser, Anthony Norris, George A. Thomson, and Eli Lee. Sanford was named President and Chairman of the Board. In 1880, the company owned 26,000 acres scattered across Florida, including in the cities of Jacksonville, St. Augustine, and Sanford, as well as in Alachua County and Marion County. Almost from the outset, there was serious friction between the British board members and Henry Sanford. Disagreements erupted over business strategy, as Sanford frequently proposed initiatives deemed too bold for the cautious British investors. From 1882 to 1892, the company saw steady, if meager, profits. Most of its income came from the sale of lots in the city of Sanford. From 1885 until 1890, the company, while remaining solvent, continued to see declining profits. From 1886 to 1890, the profits were so modest that the company declined to pay dividends on its yearly profits. Needed improvements and developments in the city of Sanford during the late 1880s sapped much of the company's income. Following Henry Sanford's death in 1891, many of the investors lost the motivation to continue. On September 15, 1892, the various directors acted to dissolve the company. Its assets, including roughly 65,000 acres of Florida land, were divided among shareholders.
Original letter from A. W. Macfarlane to F. R. Shelton, January 21, 1885: box 54, folder 1, subfolder 54.1.8, Henry Shelton Sanford Papers, General Henry S. Sanford Memorial Library, Sanford Museum, Sanford, Florida.
Manayunk Bank, Manayunk, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford (January 24, 1885)
A letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford dated January 24, 1885. Macfarlane was the secretary for the Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) from 1884 until its dissolution in 1892. Presumably, he worked in the company's main office, located at 13 Austin Friars in the business district of London, United Kingdom. In this letter, Macfarlane acknowledged receipt of a letter sent by Sanford while also relaying relevant information sent to the company's main office from its Florida-based representative, E. R. Trafford. In particular, Macfarlane noted that, in an earlier letter, Trafford cited his earlier request for $15,000 needed for further land acquisition. In his message to Sanford, Macfarlane made clear that Trafford had not sent any confirmation of the finalized land purchase. The Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) was a joint-stock venture that invested in Florida land development and sales in the 1880s and early 1890s. The company was formed by Henry Shelton Sanford (1823-1891) with help from a group of British investors. The original impetus for the company's formation was Sanford's inability to continue his land acquisition and development efforts in Florida independently. In 1879, faced with financial difficulties, Sanford turned to a trusted associate in the United Kingdom, a Scottish industrialist named Sir William Mackinnon (1823-1893), to help him attract investors. The formation of the company was in large part due to the efforts of MacKinnon, whose reputation and influence helped bring investors on board. Located at 13 Austin Friars, the company was officially registered in London on June 10, 1880. With the formation of the FLCC, all of Henry Sanford's Florida properties were transferred to the company in exchange for a £10,000 cash payment and another £50,000 in company stock. The one-time cash payment was a needed reprieve for Sanford, who faced financial difficulties by the end of the 1870s. The board of directors included Mackinnon, as well as W. C. Gray and Edwyn Sandys Dawes, partners in Gray-Dawes and Company, a London-based banking and investment house. Other directors included Alexander Fraser, Anthony Norris, George A. Thomson, and Eli Lee. Sanford was named President and Chairman of the Board. In 1880, the company owned 26,000 acres scattered across Florida, including in the cities of Jacksonville, St. Augustine, and Sanford, as well as in Alachua County and Marion County. Almost from the outset, there was serious friction between the British board members and Henry Sanford. Disagreements erupted over business strategy, as Sanford frequently proposed initiatives deemed too bold for the cautious British investors. From 1882 to 1892, the company saw steady, if meager, profits. Most of its income came from the sale of lots in the city of Sanford. From 1885 until 1890, the company, while remaining solvent, continued to see declining profits. From 1886 to 1890, the profits were so modest that the company declined to pay dividends on its yearly profits. Needed improvements and developments in the city of Sanford during the late 1880s sapped much of the company's income. Following Henry Sanford's death in 1891, many of the investors lost the motivation to continue. On September 15, 1892, the various directors acted to dissolve the company. Its assets, including roughly 65,000 acres of Florida land, were divided among shareholders.
Original letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford, January 24, 1885: box 54, folder 1, subfolder 54.1.9, Henry Shelton Sanford Papers, General Henry S. Sanford Memorial Library, Sanford Museum, Sanford, Florida.
Letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford (February 3, 1885)
A letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford dated January 24, 1885. Macfarlane was the secretary for the Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) from 1884 until its dissolution in 1892. Presumably, he worked in the company's main office, located at 13 Austin Friars in the business district of London, United Kingdom. In this letter, Macfarlane explained to Sanford that the board of directors had rejected a scheme proposed by Sanford as a means to paying company debts. Additionally, Macfarlane offered a brief overview of the company's financial state, noting that the land sales from the prior six-month period amounted to $24,798—over $4,000 more than the same period from a year earlier. Despite this moderate success, Macfarlane bemoaned that "the sales for the last three months are disappointingly small amounting to only some $3,000," an occurrence he deemed symptomatic of a "general stagnation of business in the state." The letter reflected the differing and often opposing viewpoints of Sanford and his fellow board members as well as the limited financial successes of the company in the mid-to-late 1880s. The Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) was a joint-stock venture that invested in Florida land development and sales in the 1880s and early 1890s. The company was formed by Henry Shelton Sanford (1823-1891) with help from a group of British investors. The original impetus for the company's formation was Sanford's inability to continue his land acquisition and development efforts in Florida independently. In 1879, faced with financial difficulties, Sanford turned to a trusted associate in the United Kingdom, a Scottish industrialist named Sir William Mackinnon (1823-1893), to help him attract investors. The formation of the company was in large part due to the efforts of MacKinnon, whose reputation and influence helped bring investors on board. Located at 13 Austin Friars, the company was officially registered in London on June 10, 1880. With the formation of the FLCC, all of Henry Sanford's Florida properties were transferred to the company in exchange for a £10,000 cash payment and another £50,000 in company stock. The one-time cash payment was a needed reprieve for Sanford, who faced financial difficulties by the end of the 1870s. The board of directors included Mackinnon, as well as W. C. Gray and Edwyn Sandys Dawes, partners in Gray-Dawes and Company, a London-based banking and investment house. Other directors included Alexander Fraser, Anthony Norris, George A. Thomson, and Eli Lee. Sanford was named President and Chairman of the Board. In 1880, the company owned 26,000 acres scattered across Florida, including in the cities of Jacksonville, St. Augustine, and Sanford, as well as in Alachua County and Marion County. Almost from the outset, there was serious friction between the British board members and Henry Sanford. Disagreements erupted over business strategy, as Sanford frequently proposed initiatives deemed too bold for the cautious British investors. From 1882 to 1892, the company saw steady, if meager, profits. Most of its income came from the sale of lots in the city of Sanford. From 1885 until 1890, the company, while remaining solvent, continued to see declining profits. From 1886 to 1890, the profits were so modest that the company declined to pay dividends on its yearly profits. Needed improvements and developments in the city of Sanford during the late 1880s sapped much of the company's income. Following Henry Sanford's death in 1891, many of the investors lost the motivation to continue. On September 15, 1892, the various directors acted to dissolve the company. Its assets, including roughly 65,000 acres of Florida land, were divided among shareholders.
Original letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford, February 3, 1885: box 54, folder 1, subfolder 54.1.10, Henry Shelton Sanford Papers, General Henry S. Sanford Memorial Library, Sanford Museum, Sanford, Florida.
Letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford (February 21, 1885)
A letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford dated February 21, 1885. Macfarlane was the secretary for the Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) from 1884 until its dissolution in 1892. Presumably, he worked in the company's main office, located at 13 Austin Friars in the business district of London, United Kingdom. In this letter, Macfarlane relayed reports to Sanford sent by the FLCC's local agent in Florida, E. R. Trafford. At the time, Sanford was staying in the German capital of Berlin, presumably due to his participation in the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885 regarding European trade and colonization in Africa. Macfarlane conveyed the small amount of sales achieved in recent months $1980 for the month of December 1884 and only $434.80 for the entire month of January. He noted that the company's agent believed that the fall in company sales was due in part to a general slowing of business, noting that "[e]everything throughout not only the state but the country is dull." The agent also blamed the "New Orleans Exposition [that] seems to have taken the visitors from Florida this winter." The agent was referencing the World's Fair of 1884-1885, based in New Orleans, Louisiana. The report relayed by Macfarlane reflected the challenges of turning a profit from the company's Florida investments. The Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) was a joint-stock venture that invested in Florida land development and sales in the 1880s and early 1890s. The company was formed by Henry Shelton Sanford (1823-1891) with help from a group of British investors. The original impetus for the company's formation was Sanford's inability to continue his land acquisition and development efforts in Florida independently. In 1879, faced with financial difficulties, Sanford turned to a trusted associate in the United Kingdom, a Scottish industrialist named Sir William Mackinnon (1823-1893), to help him attract investors. The formation of the company was in large part due to the efforts of MacKinnon, whose reputation and influence helped bring investors on board. Located at 13 Austin Friars, the company was officially registered in London on June 10, 1880. With the formation of the FLCC, all of Henry Sanford's Florida properties were transferred to the company in exchange for a £10,000 cash payment and another £50,000 in company stock. The one-time cash payment was a needed reprieve for Sanford, who faced financial difficulties by the end of the 1870s. The board of directors included Mackinnon, as well as W. C. Gray and Edwyn Sandys Dawes, partners in Gray-Dawes and Company, a London-based banking and investment house. Other directors included Alexander Fraser, Anthony Norris, George A. Thomson, and Eli Lee. Sanford was named President and Chairman of the Board. In 1880, the company owned 26,000 acres scattered across Florida, including in the cities of Jacksonville, St. Augustine, and Sanford, as well as in Alachua County and Marion County. Almost from the outset, there was serious friction between the British board members and Henry Sanford. Disagreements erupted over business strategy, as Sanford frequently proposed initiatives deemed too bold for the cautious British investors. From 1882 to 1892, the company saw steady, if meager, profits. Most of its income came from the sale of lots in the city of Sanford. From 1885 until 1890, the company, while remaining solvent, continued to see declining profits. From 1886 to 1890, the profits were so modest that the company declined to pay dividends on its yearly profits. Needed improvements and developments in the city of Sanford during the late 1880s sapped much of the company's income. Following Henry Sanford's death in 1891, many of the investors lost the motivation to continue. On September 15, 1892, the various directors acted to dissolve the company. Its assets, including roughly 65,000 acres of Florida land, were divided among shareholders.
Original letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford, February 21, 1885: box 54, folder 1, subfolder 54.1.11, Henry Shelton Sanford Papers, General Henry S. Sanford Memorial Library, Sanford Museum, Sanford, Florida.
Letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford (May 12, 1885)
A letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford dated May 12, 1885. Macfarlane was the secretary for the Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) from 1884 until its dissolution in 1892. Presumably, he worked in the company's main office, located at 13 Austin Friars in the business district of London, United Kingdom. Based on this letter, it appears that Sanford had previously proposed the construction of a tramway light railway within the company's property in Florida. Macfarlane informed Sanford that the matter had not yet been discussed among board members and that the subject would be discussed at a later date. Macfarlane added that the previous meeting had been dedicated to the reviewing of company accounts. Subsequent correspondence from Macfarlane, resumed in September 1885, did not make further reference to the proposed tramway and it is unclear if the idea was ever pursued. However, based on the strained relationship between Sanford and the other company board members, as well as their general mistrust of Sanford's business proposals, it is possible that the board purposefully delayed discussing the matter with the intent of preventing it from materializing. The Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) was a joint-stock venture that invested in Florida land development and sales in the 1880s and early 1890s. The company was formed by Henry Shelton Sanford (1823-1891) with help from a group of British investors. The original impetus for the company's formation was Sanford's inability to continue his land acquisition and development efforts in Florida independently. In 1879, faced with financial difficulties, Sanford turned to a trusted associate in the United Kingdom, a Scottish industrialist named Sir William Mackinnon (1823-1893), to help him attract investors. The formation of the company was in large part due to the efforts of MacKinnon, whose reputation and influence helped bring investors on board. Located at 13 Austin Friars, the company was officially registered in London on June 10, 1880. With the formation of the FLCC, all of Henry Sanford's Florida properties were transferred to the company in exchange for a £10,000 cash payment and another £50,000 in company stock. The one-time cash payment was a needed reprieve for Sanford, who faced financial difficulties by the end of the 1870s. The board of directors included Mackinnon, as well as W. C. Gray and Edwyn Sandys Dawes, partners in Gray-Dawes and Company, a London-based banking and investment house. Other directors included Alexander Fraser, Anthony Norris, George A. Thomson, and Eli Lee. Sanford was named President and Chairman of the Board. In 1880, the company owned 26,000 acres scattered across Florida, including in the cities of Jacksonville, St. Augustine, and Sanford, as well as in Alachua County and Marion County. Almost from the outset, there was serious friction between the British board members and Henry Sanford. Disagreements erupted over business strategy, as Sanford frequently proposed initiatives deemed too bold for the cautious British investors. From 1882 to 1892, the company saw steady, if meager, profits. Most of its income came from the sale of lots in the city of Sanford. From 1885 until 1890, the company, while remaining solvent, continued to see declining profits. From 1886 to 1890, the profits were so modest that the company declined to pay dividends on its yearly profits. Needed improvements and developments in the city of Sanford during the late 1880s sapped much of the company's income. Following Henry Sanford's death in 1891, many of the investors lost the motivation to continue. On September 15, 1892, the various directors acted to dissolve the company. Its assets, including roughly 65,000 acres of Florida land, were divided among shareholders.
Original letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford, May 12, 1885: box 54, folder 1, subfolder 54.1.12, Henry Shelton Sanford Papers, General Henry S. Sanford Memorial Library, Sanford Museum, Sanford, Florida.
Letter and Statement from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford (September 29, 1885)
A letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford dated September 29, 1885. Macfarlane was the secretary for the Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) from 1884 until its dissolution in 1892. Presumably, he worked in the company's main office, located at 13 Austin Friars in the business district of London, United Kingdom. Attached to this letter is a statement listing the various acreage and book values of the company's property in Florida. The statement noted that as of September 1885 the company owned some 79,632.72 acres valued collectively at £84,262.12. At the time, the company owned land scattered throughout Florida in Alachua, Brevard, Hernando, Hillsboro, Manatee, Marion, Monroe, Orange, Polk, Sumter, and Volusia counties. It also owned settlements named Middleground and Anclote. Lastly, the company owned large tracts of land, including the Powell Grant and Sanford Grant, as well as the entire town of Sanford. At the time, the largest single property was the Sanford Grant at 7,813.42 acres. The county with the most scattered land held by the company was Polk County at 21,661.84 acres. The county with the smallest amount of land owned by the company was Volusia County, with only 79.91 acres. The Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) was a joint-stock venture that invested in Florida land development and sales in the 1880s and early 1890s. The company was formed by Henry Shelton Sanford (1823-1891) with help from a group of British investors. The original impetus for the company's formation was Sanford's inability to continue his land acquisition and development efforts in Florida independently. In 1879, faced with financial difficulties, Sanford turned to a trusted associate in the United Kingdom, a Scottish industrialist named Sir William Mackinnon (1823-1893), to help him attract investors. The formation of the company was in large part due to the efforts of MacKinnon, whose reputation and influence helped bring investors on board. Located at 13 Austin Friars, the company was officially registered in London on June 10, 1880. With the formation of the FLCC, all of Henry Sanford's Florida properties were transferred to the company in exchange for a £10,000 cash payment and another £50,000 in company stock. The one-time cash payment was a needed reprieve for Sanford, who faced financial difficulties by the end of the 1870s. The board of directors included Mackinnon, as well as W. C. Gray and Edwyn Sandys Dawes, partners in Gray-Dawes and Company, a London-based banking and investment house. Other directors included Alexander Fraser, Anthony Norris, George A. Thomson, and Eli Lee. Sanford was named President and Chairman of the Board. In 1880, the company owned 26,000 acres scattered across Florida, including in the cities of Jacksonville, St. Augustine, and Sanford, as well as in Alachua County and Marion County. Almost from the outset, there was serious friction between the British board members and Henry Sanford. Disagreements erupted over business strategy, as Sanford frequently proposed initiatives deemed too bold for the cautious British investors. From 1882 to 1892, the company saw steady, if meager, profits. Most of its income came from the sale of lots in the city of Sanford. From 1885 until 1890, the company, while remaining solvent, continued to see declining profits. From 1886 to 1890, the profits were so modest that the company declined to pay dividends on its yearly profits. Needed improvements and developments in the city of Sanford during the late 1880s sapped much of the company's income. Following Henry Sanford's death in 1891, many of the investors lost the motivation to continue. On September 15, 1892, the various directors acted to dissolve the company. Its assets, including roughly 65,000 acres of Florida land, were divided among shareholders.
Original letter and statement from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford, September 29, 1885: box 54, folder 1, subfolder 54.1.13, Henry Shelton Sanford Papers, General Henry S. Sanford Memorial Library, Sanford Museum, Sanford, Florida.
Letter and Statement from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford (October 2, 1885)
A letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford dated October 2, 1885. Macfarlane was the secretary for the Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) from 1884 until its dissolution in 1892. Presumably, he worked in the company's main office, located at 13 Austin Friars in the business district of London, United Kingdom. Attached to this letter was a small table listing the monetary amount of the company's total sales, property accounts, town improvements, as well as a listing of profit and loss for the years from 1881 to 1885. Macfarlane noted that the company's earnings from sales were appropriated, applying credit to the property accounts to cover the cost of sale as well as an additional quarter of the profit. The remaining balance was then distributed to the shareholders as dividends. Based on the chart, it appears that between 1881 and 1885 the company earned £51,492, of which £28,214 was distributed to shareholders in the form of dividends. The Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) was a joint-stock venture that invested in Florida land development and sales in the 1880s and early 1890s. The company was formed by Henry Shelton Sanford (1823-1891) with help from a group of British investors. The original impetus for the company's formation was Sanford's inability to continue his land acquisition and development efforts in Florida independently. In 1879, faced with financial difficulties, Sanford turned to a trusted associate in the United Kingdom, a Scottish industrialist named Sir William Mackinnon (1823-1893), to help him attract investors. The formation of the company was in large part due to the efforts of MacKinnon, whose reputation and influence helped bring investors on board. Located at 13 Austin Friars, the company was officially registered in London on June 10, 1880. With the formation of the FLCC, all of Henry Sanford's Florida properties were transferred to the company in exchange for a £10,000 cash payment and another £50,000 in company stock. The one-time cash payment was a needed reprieve for Sanford, who faced financial difficulties by the end of the 1870s. The board of directors included Mackinnon, as well as W. C. Gray and Edwyn Sandys Dawes, partners in Gray-Dawes and Company, a London-based banking and investment house. Other directors included Alexander Fraser, Anthony Norris, George A. Thomson, and Eli Lee. Sanford was named President and Chairman of the Board. In 1880, the company owned 26,000 acres scattered across Florida, including in the cities of Jacksonville, St. Augustine, and Sanford, as well as in Alachua County and Marion County. Almost from the outset, there was serious friction between the British board members and Henry Sanford. Disagreements erupted over business strategy, as Sanford frequently proposed initiatives deemed too bold for the cautious British investors. From 1882 to 1892, the company saw steady, if meager, profits. Most of its income came from the sale of lots in the city of Sanford. From 1885 until 1890, the company, while remaining solvent, continued to see declining profits. From 1886 to 1890, the profits were so modest that the company declined to pay dividends on its yearly profits. Needed improvements and developments in the city of Sanford during the late 1880s sapped much of the company's income. Following Henry Sanford's death in 1891, many of the investors lost the motivation to continue. On September 15, 1892, the various directors acted to dissolve the company. Its assets, including roughly 65,000 acres of Florida land, were divided among shareholders.
Original letter and statement from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford, October 2, 1885: box 54, folder 1, subfolder 54.1.14, Henry Shelton Sanford Papers, General Henry S. Sanford Memorial Library, Sanford Museum, Sanford, Florida.
Letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford (November 16, 1886)
A letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford dated November 16, 1886. Macfarlane was the secretary for the Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) from 1884 until its dissolution in 1892. Presumably, he worked in the company's main office, located at 13 Austin Friars in the business district of London, United Kingdom. In this letter, Macfarlane discussed several changing circumstances related to the company. First, he acknowledged that Henry Sanford would travel to America in order "to supervise the Company's affairs in Florida." This development was the result of several years of meager profits deemed "too small a scale to cover expenses [and] interest." As Macfarlane expressed to Sanford, "it is hoped that you may be able to infuse more life into the business." The letter also explained and justified the decision to name William Beardall as the successor to E. R. Trafford as the company's chief agent in Florida. Though Beardall "lacked some essentials for actively pushing sales," his lengthy tenure with the company and prior employment in Sir William MacKinnon's operations in East Africa had rendered him a "steady [and] trustworthy" employee in the eyes of the company. The letter reflected the company's ongoing challenges in finding steady and robust means of profit in its efforts to sell Florida land. The Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) was a joint-stock venture that invested in Florida land development and sales in the 1880s and early 1890s. The company was formed by Henry Shelton Sanford (1823-1891) with help from a group of British investors. The original impetus for the company's formation was Sanford's inability to continue his land acquisition and development efforts in Florida independently. In 1879, faced with financial difficulties, Sanford turned to a trusted associate in the United Kingdom, a Scottish industrialist named Sir William Mackinnon (1823-1893), to help him attract investors. The formation of the company was in large part due to the efforts of MacKinnon, whose reputation and influence helped bring investors on board. Located at 13 Austin Friars, the company was officially registered in London on June 10, 1880. With the formation of the FLCC, all of Henry Sanford's Florida properties were transferred to the company in exchange for a £10,000 cash payment and another £50,000 in company stock. The one-time cash payment was a needed reprieve for Sanford, who faced financial difficulties by the end of the 1870s. The board of directors included Mackinnon, as well as W. C. Gray and Edwyn Sandys Dawes, partners in Gray-Dawes and Company, a London-based banking and investment house. Other directors included Alexander Fraser, Anthony Norris, George A. Thomson, and Eli Lee. Sanford was named President and Chairman of the Board. In 1880, the company owned 26,000 acres scattered across Florida, including in the cities of Jacksonville, St. Augustine, and Sanford, as well as in Alachua County and Marion County. Almost from the outset, there was serious friction between the British board members and Henry Sanford. Disagreements erupted over business strategy, as Sanford frequently proposed initiatives deemed too bold for the cautious British investors. From 1882 to 1892, the company saw steady, if meager, profits. Most of its income came from the sale of lots in the city of Sanford. From 1885 until 1890, the company, while remaining solvent, continued to see declining profits. From 1886 to 1890, the profits were so modest that the company declined to pay dividends on its yearly profits. Needed improvements and developments in the city of Sanford during the late 1880s sapped much of the company's income. Following Henry Sanford's death in 1891, many of the investors lost the motivation to continue. On September 15, 1892, the various directors acted to dissolve the company. Its assets, including roughly 65,000 acres of Florida land, were divided among shareholders.
Original letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford, November 16, 1886: box 54, folder 1, subfolder 54.1.15, Henry Shelton Sanford Papers, General Henry S. Sanford Memorial Library, Sanford Museum, Sanford, Florida.
Letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford (November 20, 1886)
A letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford dated November 20, 1886. Macfarlane was the secretary for the Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) from 1884 until its dissolution in 1892. Presumably, he worked in the company's main office, located at 13 Austin Friars in the business district of London, United Kingdom. This letter concerned a request made previously by Sanford for a "stamped transfer form" meant for the transfer of shares and debentures. According to the letter, Macfarlane had included a set of stamps, which acted as an obligatory duty on the transfer of shares. The stamps, he noted, "can be affixed to a transfer deed after execution." It is unclear what shares or debentures Sanford intended to transfer. The Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) was a joint-stock venture that invested in Florida land development and sales in the 1880s and early 1890s. The company was formed by Henry Shelton Sanford (1823-1891) with help from a group of British investors. The original impetus for the company's formation was Sanford's inability to continue his land acquisition and development efforts in Florida independently. In 1879, faced with financial difficulties, Sanford turned to a trusted associate in the United Kingdom, a Scottish industrialist named Sir William Mackinnon (1823-1893), to help him attract investors. The formation of the company was in large part due to the efforts of MacKinnon, whose reputation and influence helped bring investors on board. Located at 13 Austin Friars, the company was officially registered in London on June 10, 1880. With the formation of the FLCC, all of Henry Sanford's Florida properties were transferred to the company in exchange for a £10,000 cash payment and another £50,000 in company stock. The one-time cash payment was a needed reprieve for Sanford, who faced financial difficulties by the end of the 1870s. The board of directors included Mackinnon, as well as W. C. Gray and Edwyn Sandys Dawes, partners in Gray-Dawes and Company, a London-based banking and investment house. Other directors included Alexander Fraser, Anthony Norris, George A. Thomson, and Eli Lee. Sanford was named President and Chairman of the Board. In 1880, the company owned 26,000 acres scattered across Florida, including in the cities of Jacksonville, St. Augustine, and Sanford, as well as in Alachua County and Marion County. Almost from the outset, there was serious friction between the British board members and Henry Sanford. Disagreements erupted over business strategy, as Sanford frequently proposed initiatives deemed too bold for the cautious British investors. From 1882 to 1892, the company saw steady, if meager, profits. Most of its income came from the sale of lots in the city of Sanford. From 1885 until 1890, the company, while remaining solvent, continued to see declining profits. From 1886 to 1890, the profits were so modest that the company declined to pay dividends on its yearly profits. Needed improvements and developments in the city of Sanford during the late 1880s sapped much of the company's income. Following Henry Sanford's death in 1891, many of the investors lost the motivation to continue. On September 15, 1892, the various directors acted to dissolve the company. Its assets, including roughly 65,000 acres of Florida land, were divided among shareholders.
Original letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford, November 20, 1886: box 54, folder 1, subfolder 54.1.16, Henry Shelton Sanford Papers, General Henry S. Sanford Memorial Library, Sanford Museum, Sanford, Florida.
Note from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford
An undated note from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford. Macfarlane was the secretary for the Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) from 1884 until its dissolution in 1892. Presumably, he worked in the company's main office, located at 13 Austin Friars in the business district of London, United Kingdom. In this note, Macfarlane promised to send to Henry Sanford a collection of reports and documents related to the company's Florida property. The Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) was a joint-stock venture that invested in Florida land development and sales in the 1880s and early 1890s. The company was formed by Henry Shelton Sanford (1823-1891) with help from a group of British investors. The original impetus for the company's formation was Sanford's inability to continue his land acquisition and development efforts in Florida independently. In 1879, faced with financial difficulties, Sanford turned to a trusted associate in the United Kingdom, a Scottish industrialist named Sir William Mackinnon (1823-1893), to help him attract investors. The formation of the company was in large part due to the efforts of MacKinnon, whose reputation and influence helped bring investors on board. Located at 13 Austin Friars, the company was officially registered in London on June 10, 1880. With the formation of the FLCC, all of Henry Sanford's Florida properties were transferred to the company in exchange for a £10,000 cash payment and another £50,000 in company stock. The one-time cash payment was a needed reprieve for Sanford, who faced financial difficulties by the end of the 1870s. The board of directors included Mackinnon, as well as W. C. Gray and Edwyn Sandys Dawes, partners in Gray-Dawes and Company, a London-based banking and investment house. Other directors included Alexander Fraser, Anthony Norris, George A. Thomson, and Eli Lee. Sanford was named President and Chairman of the Board. In 1880, the company owned 26,000 acres scattered across Florida, including in the cities of Jacksonville, St. Augustine, and Sanford, as well as in Alachua County and Marion County. Almost from the outset, there was serious friction between the British board members and Henry Sanford. Disagreements erupted over business strategy, as Sanford frequently proposed initiatives deemed too bold for the cautious British investors. From 1882 to 1892, the company saw steady, if meager, profits. Most of its income came from the sale of lots in the city of Sanford. From 1885 until 1890, the company, while remaining solvent, continued to see declining profits. From 1886 to 1890, the profits were so modest that the company declined to pay dividends on its yearly profits. Needed improvements and developments in the city of Sanford during the late 1880s sapped much of the company's income. Following Henry Sanford's death in 1891, many of the investors lost the motivation to continue. On September 15, 1892, the various directors acted to dissolve the company. Its assets, including roughly 65,000 acres of Florida land, were divided among shareholders.
Original note from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford: box 54, folder 1, subfolder 54.1.17, Henry Shelton Sanford Papers, General Henry S. Sanford Memorial Library, Sanford Museum, Sanford, Florida.
Letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford (December 9, 1886)
A letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford dated December 9, 1886. Macfarlane was the secretary for the Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) from 1884 until its dissolution in 1892. Presumably, he worked in the company's main office, located at 13 Austin Friars in the business district of London, United Kingdom. In this letter, Macfarlane acknowledged confirmation of an earlier telegram he sent to Henry Sanford. According to Macfarlane, the earlier telegram noted that William Beardall, the FLCC's local agent based in Sanford, Florida, was offered $40,000 for 2,600 acres and a township in Polk County. The Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) was a joint-stock venture that invested in Florida land development and sales in the 1880s and early 1890s. The company was formed by Henry Shelton Sanford (1823-1891) with help from a group of British investors. The original impetus for the company's formation was Sanford's inability to continue his land acquisition and development efforts in Florida independently. In 1879, faced with financial difficulties, Sanford turned to a trusted associate in the United Kingdom, a Scottish industrialist named Sir William Mackinnon (1823-1893), to help him attract investors. The formation of the company was in large part due to the efforts of MacKinnon, whose reputation and influence helped bring investors on board. Located at 13 Austin Friars, the company was officially registered in London on June 10, 1880. With the formation of the FLCC, all of Henry Sanford's Florida properties were transferred to the company in exchange for a £10,000 cash payment and another £50,000 in company stock. The one-time cash payment was a needed reprieve for Sanford, who faced financial difficulties by the end of the 1870s. The board of directors included Mackinnon, as well as W. C. Gray and Edwyn Sandys Dawes, partners in Gray-Dawes and Company, a London-based banking and investment house. Other directors included Alexander Fraser, Anthony Norris, George A. Thomson, and Eli Lee. Sanford was named President and Chairman of the Board. In 1880, the company owned 26,000 acres scattered across Florida, including in the cities of Jacksonville, St. Augustine, and Sanford, as well as in Alachua County and Marion County. Almost from the outset, there was serious friction between the British board members and Henry Sanford. Disagreements erupted over business strategy, as Sanford frequently proposed initiatives deemed too bold for the cautious British investors. From 1882 to 1892, the company saw steady, if meager, profits. Most of its income came from the sale of lots in the city of Sanford. From 1885 until 1890, the company, while remaining solvent, continued to see declining profits. From 1886 to 1890, the profits were so modest that the company declined to pay dividends on its yearly profits. Needed improvements and developments in the city of Sanford during the late 1880s sapped much of the company's income. Following Henry Sanford's death in 1891, many of the investors lost the motivation to continue. On September 15, 1892, the various directors acted to dissolve the company. Its assets, including roughly 65,000 acres of Florida land, were divided among shareholders.
Original letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford, December 9, 1886: box 54, folder 1, subfolder 54.1.18, Henry Shelton Sanford Papers, General Henry S. Sanford Memorial Library, Sanford Museum, Sanford, Florida.
Letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford (December 15, 1886)
A letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford dated December 16, 1886. Macfarlane was the secretary for the Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) from 1884 until its dissolution in 1892. Presumably, he worked in the company's main office, located at 13 Austin Friars in the business district of London, United Kingdom. In this letter, Macfarlane acknowledged receipt and forwarding of newspaper clippings sent by Henry Sanford and intended for Sir William Mackinnon. Macfarlane also offered a brief update of various remittances for the company's loans. The Florida Land and Colonization Company (FLCC) was a joint-stock venture that invested in Florida land development and sales in the 1880s and early 1890s. The company was formed by Henry Shelton Sanford (1823-1891) with help from a group of British investors. The original impetus for the company's formation was Sanford's inability to continue his land acquisition and development efforts in Florida independently. In 1879, faced with financial difficulties, Sanford turned to a trusted associate in the United Kingdom, a Scottish industrialist named Sir William Mackinnon (1823-1893), to help him attract investors. The formation of the company was in large part due to the efforts of MacKinnon, whose reputation and influence helped bring investors on board. Located at 13 Austin Friars, the company was officially registered in London on June 10, 1880. With the formation of the FLCC, all of Henry Sanford's Florida properties were transferred to the company in exchange for a £10,000 cash payment and another £50,000 in company stock. The one-time cash payment was a needed reprieve for Sanford, who faced financial difficulties by the end of the 1870s. The board of directors included Mackinnon, as well as W. C. Gray and Edwyn Sandys Dawes, partners in Gray-Dawes and Company, a London-based banking and investment house. Other directors included Alexander Fraser, Anthony Norris, George A. Thomson, and Eli Lee. Sanford was named President and Chairman of the Board. In 1880, the company owned 26,000 acres scattered across Florida, including in the cities of Jacksonville, St. Augustine, and Sanford, as well as in Alachua County and Marion County. Almost from the outset, there was serious friction between the British board members and Henry Sanford. Disagreements erupted over business strategy, as Sanford frequently proposed initiatives deemed too bold for the cautious British investors. From 1882 to 1892, the company saw steady, if meager, profits. Most of its income came from the sale of lots in the city of Sanford. From 1885 until 1890, the company, while remaining solvent, continued to see declining profits. From 1886 to 1890, the profits were so modest that the company declined to pay dividends on its yearly profits. Needed improvements and developments in the city of Sanford during the late 1880s sapped much of the company's income. Following Henry Sanford's death in 1891, many of the investors lost the motivation to continue. On September 15, 1892, the various directors acted to dissolve the company. Its assets, including roughly 65,000 acres of Florida land, were divided among shareholders.
Original letter from A. W. Macfarlane to Henry Shelton Sanford, December 15, 1886: box 54, folder 1, subfolder 54.1.19, Henry Shelton Sanford Papers, General Henry S. Sanford Memorial Library, Sanford Museum, Sanford, Florida.
Dr. Calvin D. Fowler at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14 Blockhouse's Launch Conductor Console
Dr. Calvin D. Fowler seated at the launch conductor's console in the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (Cape Canaveral AFS) Launch Complex 14 (LC-14) blockhouse for Mercury-Atlas launch. Fowler would conduct the final three Project Mercury launches from this position.
Launch Control Room at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14 Blockhouse
During a launch of a Mercury-Atlas mission, these workstations were occupied by workers who monitored critical systems on the rocket and maintained lines of communications with essential locations around the world. Instead of digital readouts and big screen displays, this equipment used various gauges to display readings and dials and buttons to adjust equipment and the rocket. The monitors above the workstations allowed for a video feed on the launch vehicle at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (Cape Canaveral AFS) Launch Complex 14 (LC-14) blockhouse.
Letter from General Ben I. Funk to Dr. Calvin D. Fowler (May 14, 1963)
After the successful completion of the final manned Mercury-Atlas flight (MA-9), General Ben I. Funk (b. 1913), who was the U.S. Air Force general in charge of manned rocket development, sent this letter of commendation to Dr. Calvin D. Fowler, who was the manager and the Launch Conductor for Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14 (LC-14) on the final three Project Mercury flights. Dr. Fowler was tasked with pushing the button in the blockhouse to initiate the rocket's ignition. He was also responsible for the rocket's preparation and safety. Astronauts Scott Carpenter (1925-2013), Wally Schirra (1923-2007), and Gordon Cooper (1927-2004) successfully completed their missions because of Dr. Fowler's General Dynamics/Astronautics team preparation.
Original 1-page typewritten letter from Ben I. Funk to Dr. Calvin D. Fowler, May 14, 1963: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Space Systems Division Headquarters, Air Force Systems Command, United States Air Force, El Segundo, California
General Dynamics/Astronautics, Cocoa Beach, Florida
The lots located at 319-323 South Sanford Avenue in Georgetown, an historic African-American neighborhood in Sanford, Florida. The earliest known occupant of Suite 319 was African-American resident R. S. Johnson in 1911. In 1926, the African-American-owned business called the Sanford Garage was located here, but the garage had moved to 317 South Sanford Avenue by 1926. Model Beauty Shop, another black-owned business, was listed at this address in 1947. In 1952, the building at this address housed four businesses: Jerry's Arcade and Brown's Studio Photography, an African-American business, on the first floor; the office of Julius Ringling, a black dentist, and Dr. George E. Starke, a black physician. It is possible that George E. Starke was actually Dr. George H. Starke (ca. 1899-ca.1979), who opened his practice in Sanford in 1927. D. C. Brock, an African-American businessman, was the first known resident of Suite 321 in 1911. By 1917, Brock had moved to 314 South Sanford Avenue and by 1924, he was operating his tailoring business from that same address. He later moved to 612 South Sanford Avenue and in 1946, allowed black baseball players, including Jackie Robinson, to stay at in his home. In 1924, Dixie Furniture Company was listed at 321 South Sanford Avenue. By 1926, the furniture business had moved to 318 South Sanford Avenue and the Melton Electric Company had opened at this address. J. J. Melton, most likely the owner of Melton Electric Company, had previously worked as an electrician at 325 South Sanford Avenue in 1924. In 1947, cobbler William Metz operated his business from this location. Metz was likely the owner of Metz Shoe Shop Repairs, which was located at 422 South Sanford Avenue from approximately 1965 to 1975. By 1965, Suite 321 was housing FMB 5-10 & 25c Store, which had previously been located at 323 South Sanford Avenue from approximately 1947 to 1952. K.S. Johnson, an African-American resident, was the first known occupant of Suite 323 in 1911. The Three-In-One Store was listed at this address in 1917 and J. A. Sands ran his plumbing business from this location in 1926. As stated above, FMB 5-10 & 25c Store operated from this lot from approximately 1947 to 1952, although the business moved to Suite 321 by 1965. At the time that these photographs were taken in January 2012, Suites 321-323 were vacant lots with no buildings. Sanford Supermarket, located at 329 South Sanford Avenue, can also be seen in this photograph.
Dr. Calvin D. Fowler Using Periscope at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14 Blockhouse
Launch Conductor Dr. Calvin D. Fowler posed for these publicity photographs on May 2, 1962, leading up to the launch of the Aurora 7 Mercury-Atlas 7 orbital mission, manned by Commander Scott Carpenter (1925-2013). These images are part of a series of publicity stills by General Dynamics/Astronautics division, the company responsible for Project Mercury vehicles and their launches, that were typically distributed to the media for their use. While in the blockhouse, the only way Dr. Fowler had any way of directly viewing the launchpad was through one of four periscopes. This allowed for quick direct and safe observations of the launch vehicle as it sat on the pad.
Original black and white photographic print, May 2, 1962: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
General Dynamics Corporation
The lots located at 314-316 South Sanford Avenue in Georgetown, an historic African-American neighborhood in Sanford, Florida. The earliest known occupant of Suite 314 an African-American resident named A. Brooks in 1911. By 1917, D.C. Brock, a black businessman, resided at this location. Brock had previously been listed as resident at 321 South Sanford Avenue in 1911. By 1924, he had been operating his tailoring business from this address. Brock later moved to 612 South Sanford Avenue and in 1946, allowed black baseball players, including Jackie Robinson, to stay at in his home. In 1926, Abraham Oeovitz's dry goods store was listed at 314 South Sanford Avenue. African-American resident Jere Jackson was the first known occupant of Suite 316 in 1911. In 1917, O. H. Gramling, a black businessman, resided at this location and later ran his restaurant 318 South Sanford Avenue in 1924. From approximately 1924 to 1926, Harry Bandel operated his clothing shop here. Eaverly's Drug Store, another African-American-owned business, was listed at this address in 1947 and Stapler Pharmacy was open here from approximately 1952 to 1965. At the time that this photograph was taken in January 2012, Suites 314-316 were vacant with no building.
Class day at Sanford High School's second campus, located at the corner of East Ninth Street and South Palmetto Avenue in Sanford, Florida, in 1919. Sanford High School was originally established at 301 West Seventh Street in Sanford, Florida, in 1902. The building was designed by W. G. Talley in the Romanesque revival style. Due to an increasing student population, a new school building was constructed on Sanford Avenue in 1911. The original building on Seventh Street served as Westside Grammar Elementary School, which was later renamed Sanford Grammar School. In 1984, the building was placed on the National Registry of Historic Places and converted into the Student Museum. The building reopened as the University of Central Florida's Public History Center in 2012. In 1927, a high school campus was designed by Elton J. Moughton in the Mediterranean revival style and constructed at 1700 French Avenue. The school reopened on January 10 and was renamed Seminole High School. In 1960, the high school moved to a new campus at 2701 Ridgewood Avenue and the former building on French Avenue was converted to Sanford Junior High School, which was later renamed Sanford Middle School. The old building was demolished in the summer of 1991 and replaced by a $5.77 million school complex. As of 2013, Seminole High School offers various Advanced Placement courses, the Academy for Health Careers, and the International Baccalaureate Programme for students.
Original 8.5 x 11 inch black and white photographic print: Sanford High School Collection, box 3A, folder Sanford High School Students, item SM-02-734, UCF Public History Center, Sanford, Florida.
A Written and Pictorial History of the Oviedo Area Colored Schools, 1890-1967
In 2001, former students of the African-American schools planned a class reunion for alumni who attended the schools between 1953 and 1967. The schools included were Oviedo Colored School (later called Oviedo Elementary School), Jackson Heights Elementary School, Geneva Colored School, Wagner Colored School, Kolokee Colored School, and Gabriella Colored School. This booklet details the history of black community's drive to create a place to educate the children of the community with a general overview and timeline of the consolidation of the Oviedo-area schools into two distinct campuses in the predominantly African-American Jackson Heights neighborhood. This document demonstrates segregation in education in Seminole County, Florida, a subject that has not be fully explored in relation to Oviedo's history.
Original 76-page booklet: The World Outside Reunion, "A Written and Pictorial History of the Oviedo Area Colored Schools": Judith Smith Publishing: Private Collection of Ida Boston.
Oviedo Elementary School, Oviedo, Florida
Jackson Heights Elementary School, Oviedo, Florida
Oviedo Junior High School, Oviedo, Florida
Kolokee Colored School, Kolokee, Geneva, Florida, Gabriella Colored School, Gabriella, Oviedo, Florida
The 1850 and 1860 Census, Schedule 2, Slave Inhabitants
Underwood, Joseph R. (Joseph Rogers), 1791-1876
Two pages from a larger digital article, "The 1850 and 1860 Census, Schedule 2, Slave Inhabitants," from the AfriGeneas Library, which dedicates itself to literature concerning African-American genealogy, as well as researching African ancestry in the Americas. This excerpt discusses a Congressional debate from the first session of the 31st Congress. The focus of the debate was whether to name slaves (listing their name, age, sex, etc.) using the newly proposed U.S. Census tables, or to simply enumerate them, getting an aggregate number for census purposes.
Original digital article: Paterson, David E. "The 1850 and 1860 Census, Schedule 2, Slave Inhabitants": Private Collection of Ida Boston.
A legal document for the dedication of five acres land for the Boston Hill Cemetery, an African-American cemetery located at 199 Boston Cemetery Road in Oviedo, Florida. The dedication deed was signed by Prince Butler Boston and E. Garvin, who were representing the Board of Trustees of the Boston Cemetery, on October 12, 1926. The document was approved by N. E. Douglass, the Seminole County Clerk, on November 3, and was then approved by A. M. Weeks, the Clerk of the Circuit Court, the following day, The deed was then notarized on June 6, 1927, and approved by surveyor Allen H. Stone on November 4, 1928. Prince Butler Boston was the son of a Georgia slave owner, Dr. Alexander Atkinson, who moved to Central Florida in 1885, when he was 14 years old. After the citrus freeze during the 1890s, Atkinson abandoned citrus growing and migrated to Miami, leaving most his land to his son. Boston was a member of Antioch Missionary Baptist Church for nearly 61 years, beginning in 1886 until his death in 1947. He was ordained as a deacon in the church and also became the superintendent of the Sunday school. Once membership in the church began to grow, he designed a second choir stand and two additional classrooms.
Original 1-page dedication deed: Private Collection of Ida Boston.
War Ration Book Four: Prince Butler Boston
This World War II-era war ration book belonged to Prince Butler Boston, a prominent African American leader in Oviedo, Florida, who was integral to creating a vibrant black community in Seminole County through industry and his patronage. Boston was the son of a Georgia slave owner, Dr. Alexander Atkinson, who moved to Central Florida in 1885, when Boston was 14 years old. After the citrus freeze during the 1890s, Atkinson abandoned citrus growing and moved to Miami, leaving most his land to Boston. Boston was a member of Antioch Missionary Baptist Church for nearly 61 years, beginning in 1886 until his death in 1947. He was ordained as a deacon in the church and also became the superintendent of the Sunday school, as well. Once membership in the church began to grow, he designed a second choir stand and two additional classrooms. Boston also gave five acres of land to the church to build a cemetery, which is now known as the Boston Hill Cemetery. In May 1942, the U.S. Office of Price Administration froze prices on everyday goods, such as coffee, sugar, and gasoline. Families were issued war ration books and tokens, which dictated how many and how much goods could be purchased by any one family. Various types of rationing included certificate rationing, differential coupon rationing, point rationing, and uniform coupon rationing. Sugar is an example of uniform coupon rationing which provided equal shares of a single product to every American; point rationing issued coupons for points. Theses points could be used for any combination of items in processed foods and meats. Differential coupon rationing provided products based on varying needs. These products included gasoline and fuel oil. In the case of certificate rationing, individuals had to demonstrate need for the products, such as tires, cars, and stoves.
Original war ration book: U.S. Office of Price Administration: Private Collection of Ida Boston.
Acknowledgement of Sale of Horses for Edwin G. Eastman from M. Thayer (July 20, 1871)
Sanford, Henry S. (Henry Shelton) 1823-1891
This is a receipt of payment for Edwin G. Eastman, created by M. Thayer on July 20, 1871. In the receipt, Thayer acknowledges the sale of two horses to Eastman for $750. Thayer attests in the handwritten receipt that both horses are of generally sound health. Eastman was an associate of Henry Shelton Sanford (1823-1891). The two initially met through their mutual service in the U.S. Diplomatic Corps during the American Civil War. Eastman served as an advisor and representative to Sanford for a brief period between 1870 and 1871. Eastman oversaw operations in the what would become Sanford, Florida, beginning in December 1870. He was put in charge by Henry Sanford to ensure the successful management of the sawmill built in 1870, He was also tasked with maintaining the various experimental groves owned by Sanford, first St. Gertrude's Grove and later Belair Grove. The more successful of the two, Belair Grove, was an experimental grove located three miles southwest of the city named after Sanford. It was part of the Sanford Grant, a 12,547.15-square acre allotment of land purchased by Henry Sanford in 1870. In Belair, Sanford introduced over 140 varieties of citrus plants. All were tested to determine if Florida citrus growers could effectively grow and introduce new varieties into the burgeoning citrus market. Sanford also grew exotic plants acquired from Central and South America, many of which survived the 1886 freeze. Sanford mainly used Belair as his own experiment station, but ultimately the findings and reports would be used by other citrus growers throughout Florida. Eventually, following Sanford's death in 1891, his wife, Gertrude Ellen Dupuy Sanford (1841-1902), handed over the operations of Belair to Sydney Octavius Chase, Sr. (1860-1941) and Joshua Coffin Chase (1858-1948).
Original receipt: box 45, folder 1, subfolder 45.1.38, Henry Shelton Sanford Papers, General Henry S. Sanford Memorial Library, Sanford Museum, Sanford, Florida.
Dr. Calvin D. Fowler Using Launch Console at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14 Blockhouse
Launch Conductor Dr. Calvin D. Fowler posed for this publicity photograph on May 2, 1962, leading up tothe launch of the Aurora 7 Mercury-Atlas 7 orbital mission, manned by Commander Scott Carpenter (1925-2013). This image is part of a series of publicity stills by General Dynamics/Astronautics division, the company responsible for Project Mercury vehicles and their launches, that were typically distributed to the media for their use. Dr. Fowler is in his Launch Conductor's position in the blockhouse, where the button to ignite the Atlas rocket was located.
Okay for McCoy Expected: Port of Entry Status Close
A newspaper article about the development of McCoy Air Force Base. After the McCoy AFB was fully transitioned from military to civilian use, it still lacked the status of an international port of entry. As a result, international tourists had to use other airports in Florida, such as Tampa and Miami. Due to the growth of attractions like Disney World, Central Florida was quickly developing a larger tourism industry. It was important that the airport was able to cater to international traffic so that the industry could continue to grow more effectively. Congressman Lou Frey, Jr. (1934-2019) petitioned the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury to give special consideration to the City of Orlando's bid to change the Jetport's status and this measure was successful. The second part of the article is missing,
Original newspaper article: "Okay for McCoy Expected: Port of Entry Status Close." July 14, 1976: Lou Frey Papers, Clippings Binder, Lou Frey Institute of Politics & Government, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.
Orlando Jetport, McCoy Air Force Base, Orlando, Florida
Walt Disney World, Lake Buena Vista, Florida
U.S. Department of the Treasury, Washington, D.C.
Dr. Calvin D. Fowler Visiting Launchpad at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14 Blockhouse
Launch Conductor Dr. Calvin D. Fowler posed for these publicity photographs on May 2, 1962, leading up to the launch of the Aurora 7 Mercury-Atlas 7 orbital mission, manned by Commander Scott Carpenter (1925-2013). These images are part of a series of publicity stills by General Dynamics/Astronautics division, the company responsible for Project Mercury vehicles and their launches, that were typically distributed to the media for their use. Dr. Fowler is standing in front of the Mercury-Atlas vehicle as it sits on the launchpad.
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14 Launchpad, Cape Canaveral, Florida
Liquid Oxygen TankING Equipment at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14 Blockhouse
Liquid oxygen tanking equipment at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14 (LC-14) Blockhouse, mounted in racks similar to the way modern computer servers are, was used to monitor the rocket during Project Mercury launches. Instead of digital readouts and big screen displays, this equipment used various gauges to display readings and dials and buttons to adjust the equipment and the rocket. This controlled the liquid oxygen tanking operations on the Atlas rocket.
Television Control Equipment at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14 Blockhouse
The television Control equipment at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14 Blockhouse, mounted in racks similar to the way modern computer servers are, was used to monitor the rocket during Project Mercury launches. Instead of digital readouts and big screen displays, this equipment used various gauges to display readings and dials and buttons to adjust the equipment and the rocket. This panel control the remote cameras located at the launchpad.
Letter Template from Representative Louis Frey, Jr., 1972
A draft of a stock response letter from U.S. Representative Louis Frey, Jr. (1934-2019) to constituents who expressed their opinion that Brevard County, Florida, needed a U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) hospital. Re. Lou Frey served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1969 to 1979. He was on several committees during his time in office, including the Select Committee on Narcotics Abuse and Control and the Science and Technology Committee. He was also the chairman of the Young Republicans of Florida. During his tenure, Central Florida had a very large veteran population but insufficient VA medical facilities. For example, the closest VA hospital to Brevard County was in St. Petersburg. To more sufficiently care for the needs of veterans in his district, Rep. Frey introduced multiple bills to Congress that would establish a VA hospital in Brevard County, although none of his bills were passed.
Original letter template from Lou Frey, Jr., 1972: Lou Frey Papers, box 6, Lou Frey Institute of Politics & Government, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.
Sanford High School's Second Campus, 1911
Sanford High School's second campus, located at the corner of East Ninth Street and South Palmetto Avenue in Sanford, Florida, in 1911. Sanford High School was originally established at 301 West Seventh Street in Sanford in 1902. The building was designed by W. G. Talley in the Romanesque revival style. Due to an increasing student population, a new school building was constructed on Sanford Avenue in 1911. The original building on Seventh Street served as Westside Grammar Elementary School, which was later renamed Sanford Grammar School. In 1984, the building was placed on the National Registry of Historic Places and converted into the Student Museum. The building reopened as the University of Central Florida's Public History Center in 2012. In 1927, a high school campus was designed by Elton J. Moughton in the Mediterranean revival style and constructed at 1700 French Avenue. The school reopened on January 10 and was renamed Seminole High School. In 1960, the high school moved to a new campus at 2701 Ridgewood Avenue and the former building on French Avenue was converted to Sanford Junior High School, which was later renamed Sanford Middle School. The old building was demolished in the summer of 1991 and replaced by a $5.77 million school complex. As of 2013, Seminole High School offers various Advanced Placement courses, the Academy for Health Careers, and the International Baccalaureate Programme for students.
Original 5.75 x 8.5 inch black and white photographic print: Sanford High School Collection, box 3A, folder Sanford High School Buildings, item SCPS00494, UCF Public History Center, Sanford, Florida.
Sanford High School
Sanford From Top of High School Building, Looking North
A view of Sanford, Florida, looking north from the roof of the Sanford High School building around 1909 and 1910. Sanford High School was originally established at 301 West Seventh Street in Sanford in 1902. The building was designed by W. G. Talley in the Romanesque revival style. Due to an increasing student population, a new school building was constructed on Sanford Avenue in 1911. The original building on Seventh Street served as Westside Grammar Elementary School, which was later renamed Sanford Grammar School. In 1984, the building was placed on the National Registry of Historic Places and converted into the Student Museum. The building reopened as the University of Central Florida's Public History Center in 2012. In 1927, a high school campus was designed by Elton J. Moughton in the Mediterranean revival style and constructed at 1700 French Avenue. The school reopened on January 10 and was renamed Seminole High School. In 1960, the high school moved to a new campus at 2701 Ridgewood Avenue and the former building on French Avenue was converted to Sanford Junior High School, which was later renamed Sanford Middle School. The old building was demolished in the summer of 1991 and replaced by a $5.77 million school complex. As of 2013, Seminole High School offers various Advanced Placement courses, the Academy for Health Careers, and the International Baccalaureate Programme for students.
Original 8.5 x 11 inch black and white photographic print: Sanford High School Collection, box 3A, folder Sanford High School Buildings, item SCPS00493, UCF Public History Center, Sanford, Florida.
Sanford High School at Ninth Street and Palmetto Avenue
Sanford High School's second campus, located at the corner of East Ninth Street and South Palmetto Avenue in Sanford, Florida, sometime between 1911 and 1927. The first campus for the high school was established at 301 West Seventh Street in Sanford, Florida, in 1902. The building was designed by W. G. Talley in the Romanesque revival style. Due to an increasing student population, a new school building was constructed on Sanford Avenue in 1911. The original building on Seventh Street served as Westside Grammar Elementary School, which was later renamed Sanford Grammar School. In 1984, the building was placed on the National Registry of Historic Places and converted into the Student Museum. The building reopened as the University of Central Florida's Public History Center in 2012. In 1927, a high school campus was designed by Elton J. Moughton in the Mediterranean revival style and constructed at 1700 French Avenue. The school reopened on January 10 and was renamed Seminole High School. In 1960, the high school moved to a new campus at 2701 Ridgewood Avenue and the former building on French Avenue was converted to Sanford Junior High School, which was later renamed Sanford Middle School. The old building was demolished in the summer of 1991 and replaced by a $5.77 million school complex. As of 2013, Seminole High School offers various Advanced Placement courses, the Academy for Health Careers, and the International Baccalaureate Programme for students.
Original 8 x 9.75 inch black and white photographic print: Sanford High School Collection, box 3A, folder Sanford High School Students, item SM-017-019, UCF Public History Center, Sanford, Florida.
Sanford High School's second campus, located at the corner of East Ninth Street and South Palmetto Avenue in Sanford, Florida, in 1911. Sanford High School was originally established at 301 West Seventh Street in Sanford, Florida, in 1902. The building was designed by W. G. Talley in the Romanesque revival style. Due to an increasing student population, a new school building was constructed on Sanford Avenue in 1911. The original building on Seventh Street served as Westside Grammar Elementary School, which was later renamed Sanford Grammar School. In 1984, the building was placed on the National Registry of Historic Places and converted into the Student Museum. The building reopened as the University of Central Florida's Public History Center in 2012. In 1927, a high school campus was designed by Elton J. Moughton in the Mediterranean revival style and constructed at 1700 French Avenue. The school reopened on January 10 and was renamed Seminole High School. In 1960, the high school moved to a new campus at 2701 Ridgewood Avenue and the former building on French Avenue was converted to Sanford Junior High School, which was later renamed Sanford Middle School. The old building was demolished in the summer of 1991 and replaced by a $5.77 million school complex. As of 2013, Seminole High School offers various Advanced Placement courses, the Academy for Health Careers, and the International Baccalaureate Programme for students.
Original 8.5 x 11 inch black and white photographic print: Sanford High School Collection, box 3A, folder Sanford High School Students, item SM-12-1521, UCF Public History Center, Sanford, Florida.
The building located at 307-311 South Sanford Avenue in Georgetown, an historic African-American neighborhood in Sanford, Florida. The earliest known occupants of Suite 307 were two African-American residents: M. J. Bradford in 1911 and Judge Williams in 1917. By 1924, Williams had vacated this residency and then ran his restaurant at 305 South Sanford Avenue from approximately 1924 to 1925. In 1926, Dixie Gardens Corp. Real Estate was listed at this address, as well as the Boteler-Jackson Company Inc., a wholesale confectioner business, was listed at Suite 307. By 1947, Howard Boteler was operating his business at Suites 305-307 independently of his former company. The Boteler Howard Company, a wholesale confectioner business, was run at 500-502 South Sanford Avenue from approximately 1952 to 1965. In 1965, this address was listed as vacant. By 1975, Café Tavern had taken over the lot. In 1911, three residents were listed at 309 South Sanford Avenue: Peter Barkett, G. W. Wilson, and Jacob Frazier; the latter two were African Americans. Another African American, S. M. Harris, resided here in 1917. By 1924, James Tsacrios was operating his grocery from this location. The Style Shop Ready-to-wear was listed at this address in 1926 . From approximately 1947 to 1952, a black-owned bar, originally named C.C. Sheffield & Son Beer and later renamed C.C. Sheffield & Son Tavern, was located here. In 1965, Friendly Café was located at this address, though the café later moved to 320 South Sanford Avenue. The first known occupant of Suite 311 was African-American resident W. R. Charlton in 1911. In 1924, I. E. Kersey & Son Meats was located here, but the lot was listed as vacant in 1926. From approximately 1947 to 1952, an African-American-owned bar, originally named Al's Tavern and later renamed Al's Place Tavern, was run at this address. By 1965, Bennie's Pool Room had been occupying this lot, but it became vacant by 1975. At the time that this photograph was taken in January 2012, these lots were vacant with no building.
Sanford High School's Campus at Ninth Street and Palmetto Avenue
Original 8.5 x 11 inch black and white photographic print: Sanford High School Collection, box 3A, folder Sanford High School Students, item SM-103-043, UCF Public History Center, Sanford, Florida.
The lot located at 308-310 South Sanford Avenue in Georgetown, an historic African-American neighborhood in Sanford, Florida. The earliest known occupant of Suite 308 was African-American resident Alexander Long in 1911. In 1947, the Joe Moss Amusement Machine Company was operating from this location. Army Navy Surplus General Merchandise was listed at Suites 308-310 from approximately 1952 to 1965. J. M. Dresner was the first known occupant of 310 S. Sanford Ave. in 1917. From approximately 1924 to 1926, Dixie Army Navy Store was located here. The Sanford Ave Beer Garden was then located here from approximately 1947 to 1952. Army Navy Surplus General Merchandise was listed at Suites 308-310 from approximately 1952 to 1965. At the time that this photograph was taken in January 2012, these lots was vacant with no building.
Trinity United Methodist Church (UMC), located at 526 South Sanford Avenue in Georgetown, an historic African-American neighborhood in Sanford, Florida in 2012. Trinity Church was originally named the New Mount Zion Colored Methodist Episcopal (CME) Church and dates back to the early 1890s. Currently located at the corner of South Sanford Avenue and East Sixth Street, Trinity UMC first held their services at the home of church member Violet Graham at East Sixth Street and Hickory Avenue. Following a donation made by the all-white Methodist Episcopal Church, services were relocated to a building erected on a lot on the northwest corner of East Sixth Street and Sanford Avenue. In the 1920s, a new church was designed and built by the famed African-American architect Prince W. Spears. The church was listed in early city directories as Trinity Methodist Church at the northwest corner of South Sanford Avenue and East Sixth Street. Trinity Church was listed with the address 520 S. Sanford Ave. in 1947 and 550 S. Sanford Ave. in 1975.
The lot located at 410 South Sanford Avenue in Georgetown, an historic African-American neighborhood in Sanford, Florida. The earliest known residents of this lot were two African Americans: Randall Turner in 1911 and Virgil Jones in 1924. Turner also owned a residence at 412 S. Sanford Ave. in 1911. Sel-Rite, a grocery store, operated from this location in 1926. Nick's Package Store Liquors was located here from approximately 1947 to 1965. This addressed was vacant by 1975. Fat Rat's Lounge, a 1920s-style bar, was opened here by Jason Turner in 2010. The building was renovated by Turner, who expanded it another 2,000 square feet. Turner also opened Jason's Martini Club, located at 300 South Sanford Avenue, in 2007.
Sanford High School's original campus, located at 301 West Seventh Street in Sanford, Florida, on July 11, 1906. The first campus for the high school was established at 301 West Seventh Street in Sanford, Florida, in 1902. The building was designed by W. G. Talley in the Romanesque revival style. Due to an increasing student population, a new school building was constructed on Sanford Avenue in 1911. The original building on Seventh Street served as Westside Grammar Elementary School, which was later renamed Sanford Grammar School. In 1984, the building was placed on the National Registry of Historic Places and converted into the Student Museum. The building reopened as the University of Central Florida's Public History Center in 2012. In 1927, a high school campus was designed by Elton J. Moughton in the Mediterranean revival style and constructed at 1700 French Avenue. The school reopened on January 10 and was renamed Seminole High School. In 1960, the high school moved to a new campus at 2701 Ridgewood Avenue and the former building on French Avenue was converted to Sanford Junior High School, which was later renamed Sanford Middle School. The old building was demolished in the summer of 1991 and replaced by a $5.77 million school complex. As of 2013, Seminole High School offers various Advanced Placement courses, the Academy for Health Careers, and the International Baccalaureate Programme for students.
Original 8 x 12 inch black and white photographic print, July 11, 1904: Sanford High School Collection, box 3A, folder Sanford High School Students, item SCPS00492, UCF Public History Center, Sanford, Florida.
The lot located at 205 South Sanford Avenue in Georgetown, an historic African-American neighborhood in Sanford, Florida. Georgetown was established by the city's founder, Henry Shelton Sanford (1823-1891), as a suburb for black residents in the 1870s. The neighborhood spans along Sanford Avenue, with its commercial district between First Street and Fifth Street and its historic district between Seventh Street and Tenth Street. Though originally much smaller, Georgetown spanned to its present boundaries from East Second Street to Celery Avenue and from Sanford Avenue to Mellonville Avenue. Georgetown thrived at its height from circa 1880 to 1940, particularly in agriculture and transportation.
The lot located at 519 South Sanford Avenue in Georgetown, an historic African-American neighborhood in Sanford, Florida. The earliest known occupant of this lot was an African-American resident named Joseph D. Sneed, who lived here from approximately 1917 to 1924. At the time that this photograph was taken in January 2012, this lot was vacant with no buildings.
The two-story house, built in 1930, located at 511 South Sanford Avenue in Georgetown, an historic African-American neighborhood in Sanford, Florida in 2012. Dr. Edward D. Strickland, a successful Georgetown dentist, resided here in 1926. He had previously lived at 305 South Sanford Avenue in 1917. Dr. Strickland originally practiced dentistry at 507 South Sanford Avenue until he moved his office to 300-302 South Sanford Avenue, where he practiced from 1926 to 1946. From 1947 approximately until 1952, Ruby Strickland resided in this home. In 1965, Andrew Mack lived at this address and Robert Wright lived here in 1975.
Sanford High School's original campus, located at 301 West Seventh Street in Sanford, Florida, in 1904. Sanford High School was originally established in 1902. The building was designed by W. G. Talley in the Romanesque revival style. Due to an increasing student population, a new school building was constructed on Sanford Avenue in 1911. The original building on Seventh Street served as Westside Grammar Elementary School, which was later renamed Sanford Grammar School. In 1984, the building was placed on the National Registry of Historic Places and converted into the Student Museum. The building reopened as the University of Central Florida's Public History Center in 2012. In 1927, a high school campus was designed by Elton J. Moughton in the Mediterranean revival style and constructed at 1700 French Avenue. The school reopened on January 10 and was renamed Seminole High School. In 1960, the high school moved to a new campus at 2701 Ridgewood Avenue and the former building on French Avenue was converted to Sanford Junior High School, which was later renamed Sanford Middle School. The old building was demolished in the summer of 1991 and replaced by a $5.77 million school complex. As of 2013, Seminole High School offers various Advanced Placement courses, the Academy for Health Careers, and the International Baccalaureate Programme for students.
Original 8.5 x 11 inch black and white photographic print, 1904: Sanford High School Collection, box 3A, folder Sanford High School Students, item SCPS00491, UCF Public History Center, Sanford, Florida.
The building located at 512-516 South Sanford Avenue in Georgetown, an historic African-American neighborhood in Sanford, Florida. The earliest known residents of Suite 512 were three African-American businesses in 1924: jeweler A. J. Coulter, West Sanford Real Estate Company, and undertakers Austin & Morris. Coulter previously resided at 318 S. Sanford Ave. in 1917. In 1926, Culter remained in Suite 512 and James Samuels moved to Suite 512 1/2 from Suite 508. African-American businessman W. H. Gaines housed his restaurant here in 1947 and Vail Chandler Cabinet Market was located here in 1952. In 1952, Viola's Beauty Shop, an African-America-run business, and Amos Payne, a black resident, were listed at 512 1/2 South Sanford Avenue. Sweeney's Office Supply Warehouse was listed at Suites 506-512 in 1965. In 1975, the All Souls Catholic Church Sharing Center, a used merchandise store, was located at Suite 512. All Souls Catholic Church is a Catholic church founded by Father McFaul in 1882 and located at 800 South Oak Avenue. As of January 2014, this suite was being occupied by Mane Attraction Hair Salon. The first known residents of 514 S. Sanford Ave. were two African Americans: W. B. Kellix in 1917 and Milton Malloy in 1924. In 1926, West Sanford Real Estate Co. moved from Suite 512 to 514. Three other black residents were listed at this address: Fannie Jones and Oscar Coleman in 1947 and Mabel Griffin in 1952. Originally located at 506 S. Sanford Ave., black-owned business Jack's Barber Shop relocated to this location by 1965. Another African-American resident, Daisy Tyes, lived in Suite 514 1/2 from approximately 1947 to 1965. Tyes was born on February 2, 1897, and passed away on April 1, 1985. In 1926, Suite 516 was being occupied by Gramling & Morris, two African-American undertakers, and Suite 516 1/2 was being occupied by a black resident named Frank Pitts. In 1947, the lot was housing another black organization, World War Veterans Auxiliary Service Center. By 1952, an African-American woman, Louise King, was residing at this location, but it was listed as vacant in 1965. At the time that this photograph was taken in January 2012, this suite was being occupied by Junk2Funk, a mid-century modern furniture and accessories store owned by John White, a graphic designer, and Shana Gorondy, a senior business analyst for the American Automobile Association (AAA). In August 2012, Junk2Funk was featured on Picked Off, a reality television series on The History Channel.
The building located at 506-510 South Sanford Avenue in Georgetown, an historic African-American neighborhood in Sanford, Florida. The earliest known residents of Suite 506 were all African Americans: W. M. Walker in 1911, Will Burnett in 1917, and Florine Wood in 1924. Walker also had a residence at 501 South Sanford Avenue. W. E. Dunaway operated his dry goods store from this lot in 1926 and Anderson L. Brown, a black businessman, operated his barbershop here in 1947. Brown was born in Waukeenah, Florida, around 1907 and moved to Sanford in 1920. As a retiree, Brown lived at 1001 Cypress Avenue and passed away May 9, 1985. He was survived by his wife, Ernestine Hall Brown; his daughter, Ann Brown; his sister, Sennie Merchant; five grandchildren; and nine great-grandchildren. In 1952, Jack's Barber Shop occupied Suite 506, though the shop moved to 514 South Sanford Avenue by 1965. The earliest known occupant of Suite 508 was Prince Strobart, an African-American resident who lived here in 1911. This address was listed as vacant in 1917. James Samuels resided at this location in 1924 and moved to 512 1/2 South Sanford Avenue by 1926. Blanche Chute occupied this lot in 1926 and Sam Wright operated his dry cleaning business here in 1947. Jack's Dry Cleaners, another African-American-owned business, occupied this location in 1952. Dick's Appliance Service was listed at 506-508 S. Sanford Ave. in 1965. The appliance repair shop has since moved to 441 Sand Cove Drive. J. N. Telford, a black grocer, was the first known occupant of 510 S. Sanford Ave. in 1926. African-American businessman Segio Broomfield operated his billiards hall from this location in 1947, but the suite was vacant by 1952. Sweeney's Office Supply Warehouse was listed at Suites 506-512 in 1965. At the time that these photographs were taken in January 2012, all of these suites were vacant.
The lots located at 505-507 South Sanford Avenue in Georgetown, an historic African-American neighborhood in Sanford, Florida. The earliest known residents of Suite 505 were all African Americans: Washington Crittenden in 1911, Mack Dupree in 1917, and Griffin Clair in 1924. In 1926, Clair was listed next door at Suite 507. Annie Jones, an African-American woman, and N. H. Smoke, presumably white, were listed at Suite 505 that same year. The earliest known occupant of Suite 507 was Dr. Edward D. Strickland, a successful African-American dentist who practiced from this location in 1924. Dr. Strickland later moved his office to 300 1/2 S. Sanford Ave. from 1926 until 1946. In 1926, he also shared his office with Dr. O. A. Prince, another black physician. Dr. Strickland resided at 305 South Sanford Avenue in 1917 and moved to 511 South Sanford Avenue by 1926. After Dr. Strickland had relocated his office, Clair moved from Suite 505 to 507. In 1947, an African-American woman named Dozia Jones was listed at this address. At the time that this photograph was taken in January 2012, both lots were vacant with no buildings.
Female Students at Sanford High School, 1911
Female students at Sanford High School's original campus, located at 301 West Seventh Street in Sanford, Florida, in 1911. Sanford High School was originally established in 1902. The building was designed by W. G. Talley in the Romanesque revival style. Due to an increasing student population, a new school building was constructed on Sanford Avenue in 1911. The original building on Seventh Street served as Westside Grammar Elementary School, which was later renamed Sanford Grammar School. In 1984, the building was placed on the National Registry of Historic Places and converted into the Student Museum. The building reopened as the University of Central Florida's Public History Center in 2012. In 1927, a high school campus was designed by Elton J. Moughton in the Mediterranean revival style and constructed at 1700 French Avenue. The school reopened on January 10 and was renamed Seminole High School. In 1960, the high school moved to a new campus at 2701 Ridgewood Avenue and the former building on French Avenue was converted to Sanford Junior High School, which was later renamed Sanford Middle School. The old building was demolished in the summer of 1991 and replaced by a $5.77 million school complex. As of 2013, Seminole High School offers various Advanced Placement courses, the Academy for Health Careers, and the International Baccalaureate Programme for students.
Original 3.75 x 4.75 inch black and white photographic print, 1911: Sanford High School Collection, box 3A, folder Sanford High School Students, item SCPS00490, UCF Public History Center, Sanford, Florida.
Male Students at Sanford High School 1920s
Male students at Sanford High School's second campus, located at the corner of East Ninth Street and South Palmetto Avenue in Sanford, Florida, in the 1920s. The students are from the class of 1911. The fourth boy on the left wearing the white shirt, sleeves rolled up, and a dark tie, is Vail Lovell. Sanford High School was originally established at 301 West Seventh Street in Sanford, Florida, in 1902. The building was designed by W. G. Talley in the Romanesque revival style. Due to an increasing student population, a new school building was constructed on Sanford Avenue in 1911. The original building on Seventh Street served as Westside Grammar Elementary School, which was later renamed Sanford Grammar School. In 1984, the building was placed on the National Registry of Historic Places and converted into the Student Museum. The building reopened as the University of Central Florida's Public History Center in 2012. In 1927, a high school campus was designed by Elton J. Moughton in the Mediterranean revival style and constructed at 1700 French Avenue. The school reopened on January 10 and was renamed Seminole High School. In 1960, the high school moved to a new campus at 2701 Ridgewood Avenue and the former building on French Avenue was converted to Sanford Junior High School, which was later renamed Sanford Middle School. The old building was demolished in the summer of 1991 and replaced by a $5.77 million school complex. As of 2013, Seminole High School offers various Advanced Placement courses, the Academy for Health Careers, and the International Baccalaureate Programme for students.
Original 2.75 x 5 inch black and white photographic print: Sanford High School Collection, box 3A, folder Sanford High School Students, item SCPS00489, UCF Public History Center, Sanford, Florida.
The lots located at 501-503 South Sanford Avenue in Georgetown, an historic African-American neighborhood in Sanford, Florida. The earliest known residents of Suites 501 were two African Americans: W. M. Walker in 1911 and Rachel Tayes in 1924. In 1926, Caldwell Furniture Company Inc. was listed at this address. Two grocers ran their grocery stores from this location: James A. Williams in 1947 and William H. Harrell in 1952. Sanford Ave. Pool Room was located at this address from approximately 1965 to 1975. The earliest known residents of Suite 503 were also all African Americans: J. R. Neal in 1911, Louis Rivers in 1917, and Ernest Clayton in 1924. In 1926, R. L. Hill was running his grocery store from this location. This address was listed as vacant from approximately 1947 to 1952. Two cafes were later located in this suite: Janette's Café in 1965 and Sanford Café in 1975. At the time that this photograph was taken in January 2012, both suites were vacant.
The lot located at 500-504 South Sanford Avenue in Georgetown, an historic African-American neighborhood in Sanford, Florida. The earliest known occupant of Suites 500-504 was Benton's Furniture Exchange Used Furniture in 1947. By 1952, the furniture shop moved to 422-424 South Sanford Avenue. The Boteler Howard Company, a wholesale confectioner business, occupied Suites 500-502 from approximately 1952 to 1965. Suite 504 was listed as vacant in 1952. In 1965, Hoover Radio & TV Service occupied Suite 504, which was later listed as vacant in 1975. Dave's Used Furniture was housed in Suite 500 in 1975. At the time that this photograph was taken in January 2012, Suite 502 was being occupied by Claire's Elegant Expressions and Suites 500 and 504 were vacant.
The lot located at 421 South Sanford Avenue in Georgetown, an historic African-American neighborhood in Sanford, Florida. The earliest known residents of this lot were all African Americans: Berry M. Gardner from approximately 1911 to 1917, E. D. Mathews in 1924, and David White in 1926. At the time that this photograph was taken in January 2012, the lot was vacant with no building. Stokes Fish Market, located next door at 417-419 South Sanford Avenue, can also been seen in this photograph. The fish market was operated by C. Brown from approximately 1947 to 1975. Stokes Fish Market was originally located in Suite 417 around 1947 and had expanded into Suite 419 by 1965. Despite its closing, the painted signs on the sides of the building have remained as a landmark. Kathy Hull has led a project with the Sanford Historic Trust to preserve the signs. During the 2008 presidential campaign, the site was used as a campaign office for Barack Obama and Joe Biden.
Female students from the class of 1911 at Sanford High School's second campus, located at the corner of East Ninth Street and South Palmetto Avenue in Sanford, Florida, in the 1920s. The girl on the far right is Mary Chappell. Sanford High School was originally established at 301 West Seventh Street in Sanford, Florida, in 1902. The building was designed by W. G. Talley in the Romanesque revival style. Due to an increasing student population, a new school building was constructed on Sanford Avenue in 1911. The original building on Seventh Street served as Westside Grammar Elementary School, which was later renamed Sanford Grammar School. In 1984, the building was placed on the National Registry of Historic Places and converted into the Student Museum. The building reopened as the University of Central Florida's Public History Center in 2012. In 1927, a high school campus was designed by Elton J. Moughton in the Mediterranean revival style and constructed at 1700 French Avenue. The school reopened on January 10 and was renamed Seminole High School. In 1960, the high school moved to a new campus at 2701 Ridgewood Avenue and the former building on French Avenue was converted to Sanford Junior High School, which was later renamed Sanford Middle School. The old building was demolished in the summer of 1991 and replaced by a $5.77 million school complex. As of 2013, Seminole High School offers various Advanced Placement courses, the Academy for Health Careers, and the International Baccalaureate Programme for students.
Original 3 x 5 inch black and white photographic print: Sanford High School Collection, box 3A, folder Sanford High School Students, item SCPS00488, UCF Public History Center, Sanford, Florida.
A lot located at 430-444 South Sanford Avenue in the Georgetown neighborhood of Sanford, Florida. At the time that this photograph was taken in January 2012, Suite 430 was being occupied by Beverly's Hair Cutting Services, Suite 444 by Ellen's Wine Room, and Suite 444 by Investors Realty Network. Ellen's Wine Room is a winery and restaurant founded by Debra Ellen Hartman, who worked as a vinter in the mid-1990s.
The lot located at 417-419 South Sanford Avenue in Georgetown, an historic African-American neighborhood in Sanford, Florida. The earliest known occupant of this lot was D. O. Brown, who resided there in 1917. Mrs. S. L. Brown operated her meat business here from approximately 1924 to 1926. Stokes Fish Market, which included Suite 419 and operated by C. Brown, was located here from approximately 1947 to 1975. N. B. Baker was the first known resident of Suite 419 in 1917. This address was occupied by Goble's Supply Company Ladies' Wear in 1926, Lenon Solomon's restaurant in 1947, and Don's Market in 1952. By 1965, Stokes Fish Market had expanded to include Suites 417-419. Despite its closing, the painted signs on the sides of the building have remained as a landmark. Kathy Hull has lead a project with the Sanford Historic Trust to preserve the signs. During the 2008 presidential campaign, the site was used as a campaign office for Barack Obama and Joe Biden. At the time that this photograph was taken in January 2012, both suites were unoccupied.
The lot located at 412-418 South Sanford Avenue in Georgetown, an historic African-American neighborhood in Sanford, Florida. The earliest known residents of this lot were both African Americans: Randall Turner in 1911 and Gilmore Felder in 1917. In that same year, Turner was also listed as resident of 410 S. Sanford Ave. By 1924, Felder had moved across the street to 413 South Sanford Avenue. In 1926, J. W. Williams, a black businessman, ran his restaurant from this address. This building was listed as vacant in 1947, but became occupied by Everybody's Hardware and by Sylvester Tavern, another black-owned business, as late as 1952. Cave Tavern was located here in 1965. The first known occupant of Suite 414 was Leamon Gaynor, an African-American barber who ran his business from this location in 1926. He had previously had his barbershop at 405 S. Sanford Ave. Between approximately 1947 and 1952, this lot was vacant. In 1965, Knights Bicycle Shop was located at this address, but moved to 303 South Sanford Avenue by 1975. The earliest known occupant of Suite 416 was Morris Cleaner & Dryer in 1926. Morris Narvis, who operated his clothing trade at 320 South Sanford Avenue in 1924, was likely the owner of this business. Black businessman Robert Burns was listed as a resident at this location in 1947. He also owned a beer store at 316 S. Sanford Ave. during that same year. Rainbow Pool Room was also listed at this address in 1947. By 1952, this lot was being occupied by Metz Shoe Shop, an African-American business. From approximately 1965 to 1975, the business operated from 422 S. Sanford Ave. under a new name: Metz Shoe Shop Repairs. It is likely that this business was owned by William Metz, a cobbler who operated his business from 321 South Sanford Avenue in 1947. In 1965, Ansley TV Service was located here, but later moved to 400 S. Sanford Ave. by 1975. In that same year, Williamson & Son Barber Shop occupied this lot. Druggist A. M. Staup was the first known occupant of Suite 418 in 1926. The Seminole Barber Shop occupied this location from approximately 1947 to 1952. The barbershop, owned by Preston Williamson, moved to 420 South Sanford Avenue by 1963 and remained there until 1969. It is likely that Williamson & Son Barber Shop was owned by Preston Williamson as well. The address was listed as vacant in 1965. In 1975, Steen's Dry Cleaners was housed here. The building was also previously occupied by Beverly's Hair Cutting. In 2011, the building was being occupied by Miracle House Healing Ministries, Inc. a non-profit religious organization established on November 1, 2003. The organization is operated by Thomas and Patricia Williams, who married on September 18, 2000. At the time that this photograph was taken in January 2012, these suites were vacant.
The lot located at 411-415 South Sanford Avenue in Georgetown, an historic African-American neighborhood in Sanford, Florida. The earliest known resident of Suite 411 was E. D. Davis in 1911, followed by Charles Stout in 1917 and Edward Davis in 1924. The Afro-American Life Insurance Company, an insurance company and financial institution for African Americans, had an office at this address in 1926. The office was originally located at 413 1/2 South Sanford Avenue in 1924 and was later moved to 301 S. Sanford Ave. from approximately 1947 to 1952. The company was founded by Abraham Lincoln Lewis and others in Jacksonville. Buying insurance had previously been difficult and unaffordable for most African Americans before Afro-American Life Insurance Co. was established in 1901. The business closed in 1990. Robert Burns was listed as resident at this location in 1947. He also owned a beer store at 316 S. Sanford Ave. during that same year. From approximately 1952 to 1975, Fannie L. Burns, presumably a relative of Robert, resided here. All of the occupants of this site listed above were African Americans. The earliest known occupant of Suite 413 was George Bennett, who also had a residence at 222 S. Sanford Ave., in 1911 and Gilmore Felder from approximately 1924 to 1926. Felder had previously resided at 412-416 S. Sanford Ave. in 1911. Esther Felder, presumably a relative of Gilmore Felder, resided at this address from approximately 1947 to 1952. All of the residents listed above were also African American. Mack Coran resided here in 1965 and the lot was vacant by 1975. H. H. McFarland, also African-American, was the first known occupant of Suite 415 in 1911. At the time that this photograph was taken in January 2012, these lot were a small enclosed area with paved walkways.
The lot located at 401-403 South Sanford Avenue in Georgetown, an historic African-American neighborhood in Sanford, Florida. The earliest known occupant of Suite 401 was Sanford Ice and Cold Storage in 1887. The first known residents were W. M. Burnett, an African American, in 1911 and Mrs. L. W. Caldwell in 1917. African-American confectioner H. L. Duhart ran his business from this location in 1924. Duhart had previously resided at 403 S. Sanford Ave. from approximately 1911 to 1924 and also had another residence at 318 S. Sanford Ave. in 1917. In that same year, Emma Rankin's restaurant was listed at Suite 401. The House of Bread Bakery was also located here sometime in the 1920s, though it is not clear if this was before or after Rankin had opened her restaurant. H & A Department Store, opened by Herman Jacobson (d. 1989) and Arthur Jacobson, was located here from approximately 1947 to 1965. By 1952, the store had expanded to include Suites 403-405. Herman's wife, Rose E. Zauderer Jacobson (1913-2009), also became a co-owner after the two married in 1934. Rose Jacobson moved to Geneva in 1925 and taught at Sanford Grammar School as a young adult. The couple also opened Ro-Jay's, a women's clothing store at 224 East First Street. Suite 401 was listed as vacant in 1975. The first known resident of Suite 403 was Duhart from approximately 1911 to 1924. Another black businessman, C. M. Walker, was also listed as resident at 403 1/2 S. Sanford Ave. in 1924. By 1926, Duhart had opened a real estate business at this address and Walker had opened his restaurant at 403 1/2. As stated above, H & A Department Store had expanded to Suites 403-405 by 1965. The first known occupant of Suite 405 was African-American resident Jack Knight in 1917, who also had a residence at 222 S. Sanford Ave. that same year. By 1924, this location was occupied by Leamon Gaynor, an African-American barber. Gaynor moved to 414 South Sanford Avenue in around 1926. As stated above, H & A Department Store had expanded to Suites 403-405 by 1965. At the time that this photograph was taken in January 2012, this building was vacant. On March 7, 2012, Jason Turner's application for a Faade Improvement Grant for the building was approved by the Sanford Community Redevelopment Agency for $20,000.
Former students of Sanford High School's second campus, located at the corner of East Ninth Street and South Palmetto Avenue in Sanford, Florida, in the 1920s. Sanford High School was originally established at 301 West Seventh Street in Sanford, Florida, in 1902. The building was designed by W. G. Talley in the Romanesque revival style. Due to an increasing student population, a new school building was constructed on Sanford Avenue in 1911. The original building on Seventh Street served as Westside Grammar Elementary School, which was later renamed Sanford Grammar School. In 1984, the building was placed on the National Registry of Historic Places and converted into the Student Museum. The building reopened as the University of Central Florida's Public History Center in 2012. In 1927, a high school campus was designed by Elton J. Moughton in the Mediterranean revival style and constructed at 1700 French Avenue. The school reopened on January 10 and was renamed Seminole High School. In 1960, the high school moved to a new campus at 2701 Ridgewood Avenue and the former building on French Avenue was converted to Sanford Junior High School, which was later renamed Sanford Middle School. The old building was demolished in the summer of 1991 and replaced by a $5.77 million school complex. As of 2013, Seminole High School offers various Advanced Placement courses, the Academy for Health Careers, and the International Baccalaureate Programme for students.
Original 8 x 10 inch black and white photographic print: Sanford High School Collection, box 3A, folder Sanford High School Students, item SM-017-054, UCF Public History Center, Sanford, Florida.
U.S. House of Representatives Bill 13771: Veterans Administration Hospital for Brevard County
A draft of a bill proposal that would call for a U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) hospital to be built in Brevard County, Florida. At the time that the legislation was being drafted, Central Florida did not have its own VA hospital. Veterans had to travel to other parts of the state in order to receive hospital care from the Veterans Administration. Representative Louis Frey, Jr. (1934-2019), who represented the district that included Brevard, worked to advocate for veterans issues and was the congressman who introduced the bill. Rep. Frey served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1969 to 1979. He was on several committees during his time in office, including the Select Committee on Narcotics Abuse and Control and the Science and Technology Committee. He was also the chairman of the Young Republicans of Florida.
Original legislative bill by Lou Frey, Jr., March 27, 1974: Lou Frey Papers, box 8, Lou Frey Institute of Politics & Government, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.
Sanford High School Students at Original Campus
Students at Sanford High School's original campus, located at 301 West Seventh Street in Sanford, Florida, sometime between 1902 and 191. Sanford High School was originally established at 301 West Seventh Street in Sanford, Florida, in 1902. The building was designed by W. G. Talley in the Romanesque revival style. Due to an increasing student population, a new school building was constructed on Sanford Avenue in 1911. The original building on Seventh Street served as Westside Grammar Elementary School, which was later renamed Sanford Grammar School. In 1984, the building was placed on the National Registry of Historic Places and converted into the Student Museum. The building reopened as the University of Central Florida's Public History Center in 2012. In 1927, a high school campus was designed by Elton J. Moughton in the Mediterranean revival style and constructed at 1700 French Avenue. The school reopened on January 10 and was renamed Seminole High School. In 1960, the high school moved to a new campus at 2701 Ridgewood Avenue and the former building on French Avenue was converted to Sanford Junior High School, which was later renamed Sanford Middle School. The old building was demolished in the summer of 1991 and replaced by a $5.77 million school complex. As of 2013, Seminole High School offers various Advanced Placement courses, the Academy for Health Careers, and the International Baccalaureate Programme for students.
Original 8 x 10 inch black and white photographic print: Sanford High School Collection, box 3A, folder Sanford High School Students, item SM-200-033, UCF Public History Center, Sanford, Florida.
Martha Fox's Graduating Class of 1911 at Sanford High School
Martha Fox's graduating class of 1911 at Sanford High School's original campus, located at 301 West Seventh Street in Sanford, Florida. This photograph appeared in the 1910 Salmagundi. Sanford High School was originally established at 301 West Seventh Street in Sanford, Florida, in 1902. The building was designed by W. G. Talley in the Romanesque revival style. Due to an increasing student population, a new school building was constructed on Sanford Avenue in 1911. The original building on Seventh Street served as Westside Grammar Elementary School, which was later renamed Sanford Grammar School. In 1984, the building was placed on the National Registry of Historic Places and converted into the Student Museum. The building reopened as the University of Central Florida's Public History Center in 2012. In 1927, a high school campus was designed by Elton J. Moughton in the Mediterranean revival style and constructed at 1700 French Avenue. The school reopened on January 10 and was renamed Seminole High School. In 1960, the high school moved to a new campus at 2701 Ridgewood Avenue and the former building on French Avenue was converted to Sanford Junior High School, which was later renamed Sanford Middle School. The old building was demolished in the summer of 1991 and replaced by a $5.77 million school complex. As of 2013, Seminole High School offers various Advanced Placement courses, the Academy for Health Careers, and the International Baccalaureate Programme for students.
Original 8 x 10 inch black and white photographic print: Sanford High School Collection, box 3A, folder Sanford High School Students, item SM-017-017, UCF Public History Center, Sanford, Florida.
Sanford High School Senior Class of 1910
Sanford High School's senior class of 1910 at its original campus, located at 301 West Seventh Street in Sanford, Florida. This class photograph appeared in the 1910 Salmagundi. Sanford High School was originally established at 301 West Seventh Street in Sanford, Florida, in 1902. The building was designed by W. G. Talley in the Romanesque revival style. Due to an increasing student population, a new school building was constructed on Sanford Avenue in 1911. The original building on Seventh Street served as Westside Grammar Elementary School, which was later renamed Sanford Grammar School. In 1984, the building was placed on the National Registry of Historic Places and converted into the Student Museum. The building reopened as the University of Central Florida's Public History Center in 2012. In 1927, a high school campus was designed by Elton J. Moughton in the Mediterranean revival style and constructed at 1700 French Avenue. The school reopened on January 10 and was renamed Seminole High School. In 1960, the high school moved to a new campus at 2701 Ridgewood Avenue and the former building on French Avenue was converted to Sanford Junior High School, which was later renamed Sanford Middle School. The old building was demolished in the summer of 1991 and replaced by a $5.77 million school complex. As of 2013, Seminole High School offers various Advanced Placement courses, the Academy for Health Careers, and the International Baccalaureate Programme for students.
Original 7.25 x 9.25 inch black and white photographic print: Sanford High School Collection, box 3A, folder Sanford High School Students, item SM-073-028, UCF Public History Center, Sanford, Florida.
U.S. House of Representatives Bill 3231: Veterans Administration Hospital in Brevard County
A draft of a bill proposal that would call for a U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) hospital to be built in Brevard County, Florida. Central Florida didn't have its own VA hospital, so veterans had to travel to other parts of the state in order to receive medical care. Representative Lou Frey, Jr. (1934-2019), who represented the district that included Brevard, often worked to advocate for veterans issues and was the congressman who introduced the bill. Frey served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1969 to 1979. He was on several committees during his time in office, including the Select Committee on Narcotics Abuse and Control and the Science and Technology Committee. He was also the chairman of the Young Republicans of Florida.
Original U.S. House of Representatives legislative bill by Louis Frey, Jr., February 19, 1975: Lou Frey Papers, box 8, Lou Frey Institute of Politics & Government, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.
Sanford High School Junior Class of 1910
Sanford High School's junior class of 1910 at its original campus, located at 301 West Seventh Street in Sanford, Florida. This class graduated from Sanford in 1911 and this photograph appeared in the 1910 Salmagundi. Sanford High School was originally established at 301 West Seventh Street in Sanford, Florida, in 1902. The building was designed by W. G. Talley in the Romanesque revival style. Due to an increasing student population, a new school building was constructed on Sanford Avenue in 1911. The original building on Seventh Street served as Westside Grammar Elementary School, which was later renamed Sanford Grammar School. In 1984, the building was placed on the National Registry of Historic Places and converted into the Student Museum. The building reopened as the University of Central Florida's Public History Center in 2012. In 1927, a high school campus was designed by Elton J. Moughton in the Mediterranean revival style and constructed at 1700 French Avenue. The school reopened on January 10 and was renamed Seminole High School. In 1960, the high school moved to a new campus at 2701 Ridgewood Avenue and the former building on French Avenue was converted to Sanford Junior High School, which was later renamed Sanford Middle School. The old building was demolished in the summer of 1991 and replaced by a $5.77 million school complex. As of 2013, Seminole High School offers various Advanced Placement courses, the Academy for Health Careers, and the International Baccalaureate Programme for students.
Original 8 x 10 inch black and white photographic print: Sanford High School Collection, box 3A, folder Sanford High School Students, item SM-103-056, UCF Public History Center, Sanford, Florida.
Launch Control Simulator Console at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14 Blockhouse
tHE Launch Control Simulator at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14 Blockhouse. This console likely allowed the launch team in Launch Complex 14's blockhouse to practice countdowns under simulated conditions. This could have allowed drills for normal and abnormal conditions during the launch.