A postcard depicting Barton Avenue in Rockledge, Florida. Barton Avenue is the site of the first residential subdivision in Rockledge. The Barton Avenue Residential District, which was designated on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 1992, runs from 11 to 59 Barton Avenue. This historic district has 26 structures, mostly in the Frame Vernacular architectural style with elements of Folk Victorian architecture, built in the late 1800s.
Original 9 x 14 centimeter color postcard by Tichnor Bros., Inc.: Private Collection of Bob Van Horn.
Luxurious Hotels Along Ocean Front at Miami Beach Postcard
A postcard depicting hotels along Miami Beach, Florida. The present-day area of Miami Beach was originally inhabited by the Tequesta. In 1870, Henry Lum and Charles Lum purchased a land grant for the area and set up a coconut venture. After the new business failed, the Lums eventually sold the land to John S. Collins and Thomas Pancoast. In 1913, with money loaned from Carl Fisher, Collins began constructed a bridge that would connect the island of Miami Beach to the Miami mainland. At the time of its completion, the bridge was the longest wooden wagon bridge in the world. Two years later, Miami Beach was incorporated as a city and J. N. Lumus was elected its first mayor. The city enjoyed a real estate boom over the next couple of years, when Millionaire's Row, a three-mile stretch of mansions, was developed. During World War II, the Miami area was used as a training center for the U.S. Army Air Corps, resulting in post-war population growth. South Florida experience another spurt in population growth when hundreds of thousands of people fled Cuba, following the takeover by Fidel Castro (1926-). In 1979, Miami Beach's Art Deco District, also known as South Beach or SoBe, was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.
A postcard depicting palm trees along Biscayne Boulevard in Downtown Miami, Florida. The most prominent building in this postcard is one of Miami's first skyscrapers, McAllister Hotel, located at 10 Biscayne Boulevard. Designed by Walter De Garmo (1876-1951), the hotel opened in 1917 and was considered the tallest building Miami until 1925. Next to the McAllister Hotel is the Columbus Hotel, which opened in 1926. Both hotels were demolished in 1989 and replaced with the Columbus Bazaar shopping arcade. 50 Biscayne later replaced the bazaar in 2007.
Original 9 x 14 centimeter color postcard by Curt Teich and Company: Private Collection of Bob Van Horn.
Gulf Stream Card and Distributing Company
McAllister Hotel, Downtown Miami, Florida
Tracks on the Sand at Jacksonville Beach Postcard
A postcard depicting Jacksonville Beach, Florida. Originally inhabited by the Timucua, the area of present-day Jacksonville Beach was not settled by non-indigenous peoples until the late 19th century. The first settlers to migrate to the area were William Edward Scull and Eleanor Kennedy Scull in the early 1880s, naming the settlement Ruby. In 1886, the town was renamed Pablo Beach. Developers began transforming the area into a resort community, first with the construction of the Murray Hall Hotel and then by the extension of the Florida East Coast Railway (FEC) to present-day Jacksonville Beach. In 1905, Pablo Beach became a popular tourist attract for its amusement parks, such as The Pavilion, which was later renamed Little Coney Island. In 1925, the name of the town was changed to Jacksonville Beach. In 1949, the Ocean View Pavilion amusement park was destroyed by fire, and the boardwalk continued to decline in the 1950s, primarily to an anti-gambling crackdown. While this postcard shows cars driving on the beach, such activities were banned in 1979.
A postcard depicting the Sheraton Plaza, located at 600 North Atlantic Avenue in Daytona Beach, Florida. The building was originally constructed as a cottage for Charles Ballough in 1888. In 1895, Ballough partnered with C. C. Post to convert the building into a hotel called Daytona Beach’s Grand Resort. The new Grand Resort opened in 1911. In 1925, the resort hotel became the first on the east coast of Florida to remain open yearlong. During World War II, the hotel was closed down and converted into a barracks for the Women’s Army Corps (WAC). In 1944, the hotel reopened as the Sheraton Plaza. The hotel now operates as the Plaza Resort and Spa.
Original 9 x 14 centimeter color postcard by E. C. Kropp Company: Private Collection of Bob Van Horn.
A postcard depicting the Sheraton Plaza, located at 13 South Atlantic Avenue in Daytona Beach, Florida. The park is now known as Breakers Sheraton Plaza and Environmental Learning Center. Daytona Beach was originally inhabited by the Timucua before the arrival of Spaniards in 1513. After the Timucua were virtually exterminated following contact with Europeans, the area was frequented by Seminoles from Georgia and Alabama, up until the Second Seminole War. During British occupation of Florida (1763-1783), King's Road was built, extending from St. Augustine, passing through Daytona, and ending in New Smyrna Beach. After the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), Spain regained Florida, and, in 1804, Samuel Williams was granted 3,000 acres of land in Daytona from the Spanish Crown. Williams established a cotton, rice, and sugarcane plantation. During the Second Seminole War, Seminoles razed the plantation, while Williams' son, Samuel Hill Williams, fled. In 1871, Mathias Day, Jr., a migrant from Mansfield, Ohio, purchased a large tract of land along the west bank of the Halifax River, which included the former Williams Plantation. With the construction of Day's hotel, today's Daytona Beach Historic District was created. In 1876, residents named the city "Daytona," in honor of Day, when the area was incorporated as a town. Growth continued in 1886 when the St. Johns & Halifax River Railway extended to Daytona. In 1926, the towns of Daytona, Daytona Beach, Kingston, and Seabreeze merged together as Daytona Beach, in an effort led by J. B. Kahn. By this time, the beach had been nicknamed "The World's Most Famous Beach." Automobile and motorcycle races began in 1902, due to the smooth, compacted sand that covered the beach. Daytona Beach became the site of various land speed record attempts. On March 8, 1836, the first stock car race was held at the Daytona Beach Road Course, which is located in present-day Ponce Inlet. William France, Sr. and the National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing (NASCAR) established the Daytona International Speedway in 1958 to replace the beach course.
A postcard depicting Indian River Drive in Cocoa, Florida. The Indian River is a 121-mile long lagoon running from the Ponce de Leon inlet in New Smyrna Beach to the St. Lucie Inlet in Marion County. The lagoon was originally named Rio de Ais after the Ais tribe of East Florida.
A postcard depicting Indian River Drive in Cocoa, Florida. Non-indigenous fishermen first arrived in Cocoa, Florida, around 1860, and in 1882, settlement plats were made under the name Indian River City. In 1895, Cocoa was officially incorporated, following significant development and grown brought with the extension of the Jacksonville, St. Augustine, and Indian River Railway to the area. Cocoa's population dropped following the Great Freeze of 1894-1895, which destroyed many citrus crops. Population growth returned in the 1920s, although the economy declined against during the Great Depression. During the Space Race, Cocoa and its surrounding areas benefited greatly from the development of the space industry, as well as the tourism industry.
View Along the Beautiful Indian River Postcard
A postcard depicting docks along the Indian River near Cocoa and Rockledge, Florida. The Indian River is a 121-mile long lagoon running from the Ponce de Leon inlet in New Smyrna Beach to the St. Lucie Inlet in Marion County. The lagoon was originally named Rio de Ais after the Ais tribe of East Florida.
A postcard depicting docks along the Indian River in Cocoa, Florida. Non-indigenous fishermen first arrived in Cocoa, Florida, around 1860, and in 1882, settlement plats were made under the name Indian River City. In 1895, Cocoa was officially incorporated, following significant development and grown brought with the extension of the Jacksonville, St. Augustine, and Indian River Railway to the area. Cocoa's population dropped following the Great Freeze of 1894-1895, which destroyed many citrus crops. Population growth returned in the 1920s, although the economy declined against during the Great Depression. During the Space Race, Cocoa and its surrounding areas benefited greatly from the development of the space industry, as well as the tourism industry.
A postcard depicting a Coral Sands, a motel in Cocoa, Florida. Non-indigenous fishermen first arrived in Cocoa, Florida, around 1860, and in 1882, settlement plats were made under the name Indian River City. In 1895, Cocoa was officially incorporated, following significant development and grown brought with the extension of the Jacksonville, St. Augustine, and Indian River Railway to the area. Cocoa's population dropped following the Great Freeze of 1894-1895, which destroyed many citrus crops. Population growth returned in the 1920s, although the economy declined against during the Great Depression. During the Space Race, Cocoa and its surrounding areas benefited greatly from the development of the space industry, as well as the tourism industry.
Original 9 x 14 centimeter color postcard: Private Collection of Bob Van Horn.
A postcard depicting a scene near Cocoa, Florida. Non-indigenous fishermen first arrived in Cocoa, Florida, around 1860, and in 1882, settlement plats were made under the name Indian River City. In 1895, Cocoa was officially incorporated, following significant development and grown brought with the extension of the Jacksonville, St. Augustine, and Indian River Railway to the area. Cocoa's population dropped following the Great Freeze of 1894-1895, which destroyed many citrus crops. Population growth returned in the 1920s, although the economy declined against during the Great Depression. During the Space Race, Cocoa and its surrounding areas benefited greatly from the development of the space industry, as well as the tourism industry.
Valentine & Sons' Publishing Company
A postcard depicting the Crossway Inn, located at 3901 North Atlantic Avenue in Cocoa Beach, Florida. The inn had 100 rooms, a cocktail lounge, a restaurant, a swimming pool, and a private beach. The Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) constructed Florida State Road 140 (present-day Florida State Road A1A) in 1935, allowing for increased development of Cocoa Beach. In 1944, a Florida Legislature bill that would have dissolved the city government was defeated. The town was incorporated as a city on June 29, 1957. With the construction of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC), the city of Cocoa Beach experienced a major growth in population and economic development. However, the city experienced layoffs and economic decline during the period between the conclusion of the Apollo Program and the introduction of the Space Shuttle Program. The Crossway Inn was located just off of A1A,
A postcard depicting the Starlite Motel, located along Florida State Road A1A (SR A1A) in Cocoa Beach, Florida. The motel was founded by B.G. Nabbs, who partnered with Sid Raffle to lease some rooms to the U.S. Air Force (USAF). The motel also had its own bar, called the Starlight Lounge, which became a hub for off-duty personnel from Cape Canaveral during the late 1956s. Starlite Motel was destroyed in a fire in May of 1960.
A postcard depicting the intersection of Atlantic Avenue and Minutemen Causeway in Cocoa Beach, Florida. Bernard's Surf was a restaurant located at 2 South Atlantic Avenue and originally founded by Bernard Fischer in 1948. In 1965, Fischer's nephew, Rusty Fischer, took over operations. Fischer sold the restaurant in 2006 and Bernard's Surf closed in 2010. In 2012, the building was purchased by Luke Johnson, who has expressed plans to rebuild the restaurant. Ocean Realty and Teght's can also be seen across the street from Bernard's. Ocean Realty has since moved its operations to 3201 North Atlantic Avenue. Teght's was replaced by Missile Lounge, a topless bar, by the late 1960s. The building has since been occupied by a variety of gift shops, piercing businesses and tattoo artists, and restaurants.
Original 9 x 14 centimeter color photographic postcard: Private Collection of Bob Van Horn.
A postcard depicting Ramada Inn, located at 900 North Atlantic Avenue in Cocoa Beach, Florida. Adjacent to the hotel was Wolfie's Restaurant and Sandwich Shop, a restaurant chain established by Wilfred Cohen (d. 1986) as Al's Sandwich Shop in Miami Beach. The chain also had branches and franchises in St. Petersburg, Boca Raton, Fort Lauderdale, Gainesville, and Jacksonville.
Wolfie's Restaurant and Sandwich Shop, Cocoa Beach, Florida
A postcard depicting the Ramon's, located at the corner of Atlantic Avenue and Florida State Road A1A (SR A1A) in Cocoa Beach, Florida. Ramon's was established by Donald Holt and Allene D. Holt (d. 2013) when they migrated to Cocoa Beach in 1956. The restaurant honored the Mercury Seven, who were the seven astronauts to pilot Project Mercury's manned spaceflights. Also called the Original Seven and Astronaut Group 1, the group included Scott Carpenter (1925-2013), Gordon Cooper (1927-2004), John Glenn (b. 1921), Gus Grissom (1926-1967), Wally Schirra (1923-2007), Alan Shepard (1923-1998), and Deke Slayton (1924-1993). In 1975, the Holts sold their restaurant, which has since been replaced by a strip mall.
A postcard depicting the Bal-Ray Resort, located at 400 North Atlantic Avenue in Cocoa Beach, Florida. In the 1970s, the motel was owned by Peggy Lea. Little else is known about the Bal-Ray Resort's history. The first non-Amerindian settlement of the area, known as Oceanus, was a group of emancipated slaves following the end of the American Civil War. A group of citizens of neighboring Cocoa purchased the property in 1888, but left it undeveloped for several decades. In 1923, one of the groups members, Gus C. Edwards, purchased the land from his fellow co-owners. Cocoa Beach was incorporated as town on June 5, 1925. Edwards was elected the first mayor. The Florida Department of Transportation constructed State Road 140 (present-day State Road A1A) in 1935, allowing for increased development. In 1944, a Florida Legislature bill that would have dissolved the city government was defeated. The town was incorporated as a city on June 29, 1957. With the construction of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA's John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC), the city of Cocoa Beach experienced a major growth in population and economic development. However, the city experienced layoffs and economic decline during the period between the conclusion of the Apollo Program and the introduction of the Space Shuttle Program.
A postcard depicting the Canaveral Pier in Cocoa Beach, Florida. Now called the Cocoa Beach Pier, planning for the pier began in 1925, following the began election of Gus C. Edwards as mayor, although pier was not constructed until 1962. The Canaveral Pier offered a "grandstand seat" for spacecraft launches from Cape Canaveral, then called Cape Kennedy, during Project Mercury, Project Apollo, and the Space Shuttle program. The pier was also the hub for surfing in Cocoa Beach, which was known as the Surfing Capital of the East Coast. In 1983, the Canaveral Pier underwent modeling and expansion, and its name was changed to the Cocoa Beach Pier the following year. This photographic postcard likely shows the pier in the 1960s.
A postcard depicting the Clearwater Marina, also known as the Clearwater Beach Marina, located at 25 Causeway Boulevard in Clearwater, Florida. Present-day Clearwater was originally inhabited by the Tocobaga. The U.S. Army began construction of Fort Harrison around 1835 to serve as an during the Second Seminole War. The area, which was then known as Clear Water Harbor, experienced significant growth following the passage of the Federal Armed Occupation Act of 1842, which offered land to settlers who would bear arms and cultivate the land. In 1888, the Orange Belt Railway added an extension into Clearwater, adding to the town's growth. In 1891, the Town of Clearwater was incorporated with James E. Crane as its first mayor. In 1897, Henry B. Plant (1819-1899) built his Belleview Hotel, thus allowing Clearwater to become a popular vacation destination. Clearwater was designated as the county seat for Pinellas County when it seceded from Hillsborough County in 1912. In 1915, Clearwater was a reincorporated as a city in 1915. During World War II, the city became a major training area for American troops.
A postcard depicting the Peace Memorial Presbyterian Church (PMPC), located at 110 South Fort Harrison Avenue, in Clearwater, Florida. PMPC was chartered in 1891 under the name Clearwater Presbyterian Church. The church was later renamed the First Presbyterian Church of Clearwater and nicknamed the Little White Church. The church's current building was designed in the Mediterranean Revival style of architecture using pink stucco and is nicknamed the Big, Pink Church in Downtown Clearwater.
Original 9 x 14 centimeter color photographic postcard by Ward Beckett: Private Collection of Bob Van Horn.
Peace Memorial Church, Clearwater, Florida
A postcard depicting the Clearwater Beach Causeway, now known as the Clearwater Memorial Causeway, in Clearwater, Florida. The road connects Downtown Clearwater with Clearwater Beach, carrying Florida State Road 60 (SR 60). Originally a two-lane road, the bridge was first constructed in the 1920s. That original causeway was later replaced by a new bridge in the 1950s. Construction for the new Clearwater Memorial Causeway began in 2001 and the bridge opened in 2005.
Original 9 x 14 centimeter color postcard by Burgert Bros. and Tichnor Quality Views: Private Collection of Bob Van Horn.
Clearwater Beach Causeway, Clearwater, Florida
Interim Lake Apopka Report (August 1974)
A report on the potential Environmental restoration of Lake Apopka for the Lake Apopka subcommittee of the Orlando Area Chamber of Commerce Environmental Resources Committee. Allen E. Arthur, member of the Orange County Board of County Commissioners, served as chairman of this subcommittee. This report summarizes the sources of pollution in Lake Apopka and gives a brief Environmental history of the area. The report identifies water quality goals for the lake, and recommends ending pollution discharge as the first step to restoring the lake. The report also discusses a possible lake drawdown as one way to help restore water quality, and notes Lake Carlton, a small lake downstream of Lake Apopka, as a possible test site for the drawdown method. The report also mentions proposals to acquire the Gourd Neck Springs area for use as a recreational park, using funds from the Environmental Endangered Lands (EEL) program, and claims that purchase of the area was turned down by the State Interagency Planning Committee on Environmental Endangered Lands. Lake Apopka is one of Florida’s largest lakes and was once considered to be one of the world’s best lakes for bass fishing, supporting a large sport fishing and tourism industry. The lake’s sport fish population began to decline in the 1960s, with major die-offs occurring almost yearly. The lake’s problems are generally considered to be the result of over-nutrification from various sources. 20,000 acres of wetlands bordering the lake’s north shore were drained in the 1940s and used for highly fertile “muck farms”. These farms were routinely flooded to protect the fragile soil; this fertilizer and pesticide laden water was then discharged back into the lake prior to each growing season. Other sources of pollution include discharge from citrus processing operations as well as treated wastewater from sewage plants. The nutrient-rich discharge promoted algae growth in the lake, turning the water to a green color, and blocked sunlight from reaching aquatic vegetation which provided food and habit to the lake’s fish population. The lake’s bottom soil became increasingly “mucky”, also disrupting aquatic vegetation from taking root. Restoration work on the lake began in the 1960s with attempts by various agencies to remove “trash fish” like gizzard shad from the lake via seining, which would hopefully allow the lake’s sportfish to thrive. The Lake Apopka Restoration Council, an initiative formed under Governor Claude Kirk in 1967, launched several studies to find methods to improve the lake, though no serious action was taken. Various methods were debated to restore the lake through the 1970s and 80s, including “drawdown”, which entailed completely draining the lake to allow the mucky bottom to consolidate. Restoration attempts were stalled for lack of funding and research. The Lake Apopka Restoration Council was reformed in 1985 under Governor Bob Graham; in 1987 the Surface Water and Improvement Management Act was passed; together these allowed comprehensive restoration plans to take shape, such as the Marsh Flow-way, a project by the St John’s Water Management District which uses natural methods to remove nutrients from the lake. The Friends of Lake Apopka, a citizen Environmental advocacy group, began to push for further restoration efforts in the 90s. The lake’s north shore muck farms were eventually purchased by the State of Florida, helping to reduce the amount of nutrient entering the lake.
Original 4-page typewritten report, August 1974: binder 1974, Friends of Lake Apopka Archives, Ginn Museum, Oakland Nature Preserve, Oakland, Florida.
Letter from Ernest H. Cowen to Gary Sharp (December 4, 1974)
This letter, from Ernest H. Cowen, Manager of the Orlando Area Chamber of Commerce's Civic Affairs Department, to Gary Sharp, states Cowen's belief that a park in the Gourd Neck area would help attract public support for the larger project of restoring Lake Apopka and the Oklawaha River Basin, by emphasizing the area's suitability for recreational use. Cowen states that Environmental Resources Committee of the Orlando Chamber also supports this potential project. Cowen urges that the State of Florida purchase the land using funds from the Environmental Endangered Lands Program. Gourd Neck Springs is a small spring located in the southwest portion of Lake Apopka, in a small cove called “Gourd Neck” due to its distinctive shape. This area of the lake was considered in the 1960s as a potential nursery for fish. The Lake Apopka Technical Committee explored damming the Gourd Neck, separating it from the lake and preventing polluted lake water from entering, but these plans did not materialize. Efforts were also made in the 1960s to have the Gourd Neck area purchased by the State of Florida for use as a public park. The Gourd Neck Springs Park Association was formed in 1961 to study the site’s potential for a park and lobby for support from legislators. The land bordering the area was privately-owned by various individuals. One of these, Gary Sharp, continued seeking support for a park into the 1970s. While the project received support from Florida legislators and environmentalists, the land was never purchased by the state. The Environmental Endangered Lands Program (EEL) was formed in 1972 as part of the larger Land Conservation Act of 1972. The EEL program was initially funded through the sale of state bonds. The program was designed to help the state acquire lands considered Environmental sensitive and was not designed for creating areas for recreational use. Potential sites for acquisition could be suggested by citizens, county and state governments, and non-profit organizations. After evaluation for Environmental value, potential sites would be approved by the Executive Director of the Florida Department of Natural Resources and finalized by the Governor. In 1979, the former Executive Director, Harmon Shields, was indicted on corruption charges involving the lands-acquisition process. Following this scandal, the EEL program was replaced by Conservation and Recreation Lands Program. This change replaced the program's funding with tax revenues instead of bond sales, and formed the Land Acquisition Selection Committee, made up by six executive directors of Florida Environmental agencies, to select sites for approval by the governor. The Division of State Lands was also created as a division of the Department of Natural Resources to over-see mapping and evaluation of potential sites for acquisition.
Photocopy of original 1-page typewritten letter from Ernest H. Cowen to Gary Sharp, December 4, 1974: binder 1974, Friends of Lake Apopka Archives, Ginn Museum, Oakland Nature Preserve, Oakland, Florida.
Letter from Allen E. Arthur to Gary Sharp (December 9, 1974)
In this letter, Allen E. Arthur, member of the Orange County Board of County Commissioners, expresses his belief that a park in the Gourd Neck Springs area would aid in the restoration process for Lake Apopka. Commissioner Arthur also served as the chairman of the Lake Apopka subcommittee of the Environmental Resources Committee of the Orlando Area Chamber of Commerce. Gourd Neck Springs is a small spring located in the southwest portion of Lake Apopka, in a small cove called “Gourd Neck” due to its distinctive shape. This area of the lake was considered in the 1960s as a potential nursery for fish. The Lake Apopka Technical Committee explored damming the Gourd Neck, separating it from the lake and preventing polluted lake water from entering, but these plans did not materialize. Efforts were also made in the 1960s to have the Gourd Neck area purchased by the State of Florida for use as a public park. The Gourd Neck Springs Park Association was formed in 1961 to study the site’s potential for a park and lobby for support from legislators. The land bordering the area was privately-owned by various individuals. One of these, Gary Sharp, continued seeking support for a park into the 1970s. While the project received support from Florida legislators and environmentalists, the land was never purchased by the state.
Photocopy of original 1-page typewritten letter from Allen E. Arthur to Gary Sharp, December 13, 1974: binder 1974, Friends of Lake Apopka Archives, Ginn Museum, Oakland Nature Preserve, Oakland, Florida.
Letter from Dick J. Batchelor to Gary Sharp (December 13, 1974)
In this letter, Florida Representative Dick J. Batchelor (b. 1947) writes to Gary Sharp that he does not have the authority over purchasing the Gourd Neck Springs area, and that the decision rests with the Environmental Endangered Lands Committee. Gourd Neck Springs is a small spring located in the southwest portion of Lake Apopka, in a small cove called “Gourd Neck” due to its distinctive shape. This area of the lake was considered in the 1960s as a potential nursery for fish. The Lake Apopka Technical Committee explored damming the Gourd Neck, separating it from the lake and preventing polluted lake water from entering, but these plans did not materialize. Efforts were also made in the 1960s to have the Gourd Neck area purchased by the State of Florida for use as a public park. The Gourd Neck Springs Park Association was formed in 1961 to study the site’s potential for a park and lobby for support from legislators. The land bordering the area was privately-owned by various individuals. One of these, Gary Sharp, continued seeking support for a park into the 1970s. While the project received support from Florida legislators and environmentalists, the land was never purchased by the state.
Photocopy of original 1-page typewritten letter from Dick J. Batchelor to Gary Sharp, December 13, 1974: binder 1974, Friends of Lake Apopka Archives, Ginn Museum, Oakland Nature Preserve, Oakland, Florida.
A newspaper article from FloridAgriculture, a magazine published by the Florida Farm Bureau (FFB). The bureau was formed in 1941, when Florida Citrus Growers, Inc. was reorganized as the Florida Farm Bureau, affiliated with American Farm Bureau Federation. The FFB represents Florida farmers in the Florida Legislature, studies agricultural practices, and offers insurance products for its members. This article discusses the history of Lake Apopka and its pollution, and describes research findings by Dr. Richard B. Forbes, a chemist working at the Sanford Agricultural Research and Education Center. The article also describes efforts by the Central Florida Agricultural Institute (CFAI) to stop pollution in the lake. The CFAI was a non-profit corporation formed to represent the Zellwood farmers operating on Lake Apopka's north shore and investigate potential methods to reduce pollution. The article claims that the CFAI had donated $50,000 to the Sanford Agricultural Research and Education Center and was working on reservoir systems to prevent polluted discharge water from entering the lake. Lake Apopka is one of Florida’s largest lakes and was once considered to be one of the world’s best lakes for bass fishing. The lake’s sport fish population began to decline in the 1960s, with major die-offs occurring almost yearly. The lake’s problems are generally considered to be the result of over-nutrification from various sources. Twenty thousand acres of wetlands bordering the lake’s north shore were drained in the 1940s and used for highly fertile "muck farms." These farms were routinely flooded to protect the fragile soil, and the fertilizer and pesticide-laden water was then discharged back into the lake prior to each growing season. Other sources of pollution include discharge from citrus processing operations, as well as treated wastewater from sewage plants. The nutrient-rich discharge promoted algae growth in the lake, turning the water to a green color, and blocked sunlight from reaching aquatic vegetation, which provided food and habit to the lake’s fish population. The lake’s bottom soil became increasingly “mucky,” also disrupting aquatic vegetation from taking root. Restoration work on the lake began in the 1960s with attempts by various agencies to remove “trash fish,” such as gizzard shad, from the lake via seining, which would hopefully allow the lake’s sportfish to thrive. The Lake Apopka Restoration Council, an initiative formed under Governor Claude Kirk (1926-2011) in 1967, launched several studies to find methods to improve the lake, though no serious action was taken. Various methods were debated to restore the lake through the 1970s and 1980s, including “drawdown,” which entailed completely draining the lake to allow the mucky bottom to consolidate. Restoration attempts were stalled for lack of funding and research. The Lake Apopka Restoration Council was reformed in 1985 under Governor Bob Graham (b. 1936), and, in 1987, the Surface Water and Improvement Management Act was passed. Together, these actions allowed comprehensive restoration plans to take shape, such as the Marsh Flow-way, a project by the St John’s Water Management District that uses natural methods to remove nutrients from the lake. The Friends of Lake Apopka, a citizen Environmental advocacy group, began to push for further restoration efforts in the 1990s. The lake’s north shore muck farms were eventually purchased by the State of Florida, helping to reduce the amount of nutrient entering the lake.
Photocopy of original magazine article: White, Earl. "Lake Apopka: Operation Cleanup." FloridAgriculture, May 1973: binder 1973, Friends of Lake Apopka Archives, Ginn Museum, Oakland Nature Preserve, Oakland, Florida.
FloridAgriculture
Proposed Interim Agricultural Pollution Abatement Plan
A proposed plan to lessen agricultural pollution entering Lake Apopka until comprehensive guidelines were established by the State of Florida. The plan aimed at more accurately measuring water inflow and outflow to the muck farms, using gauges installed at each pump site. The pumpage data was to then be correlated with rainfall and other hydrological measures to determine an accurate water budget for the muck farms. The plan also called for a lessening of fertilizer use by the farms, and stated that implementing these steps should be the responsibility of the muck farms and the Central Florida Agricultural Institute. Lake Apopka is one of Florida’s largest lakes and was once considered to be one of the world’s best lakes for bass fishing. The lake’s sport fish population began to decline in the 1960s, with major die-offs occurring almost yearly. The lake’s problems are generally considered to be the result of over-nutrification from various sources. Twenty thousand acres of wetlands bordering the lake’s north shore were drained in the 1940s and used for highly fertile "muck farms." These farms were routinely flooded to protect the fragile soil, and the fertilizer and pesticide-laden water was then discharged back into the lake prior to each growing season. Other sources of pollution include discharge from citrus processing operations, as well as treated wastewater from sewage plants. The nutrient-rich discharge promoted algae growth in the lake, turning the water to a green color, and blocked sunlight from reaching aquatic vegetation, which provided food and habit to the lake’s fish population. The lake’s bottom soil became increasingly "mucky," also disrupting aquatic vegetation from taking root. Restoration work on the lake began in the 1960s with attempts by various agencies to remove "trash fish," such as gizzard shad, from the lake via seining, which would hopefully allow the lake’s sportfish to thrive. The Lake Apopka Restoration Council, an initiative formed under Governor Claude Kirk (1926-2011) in 1967, launched several studies to find methods to improve the lake, though no serious action was taken. Various methods were debated to restore the lake through the 1970s and 1980s, including "drawdown," which entailed completely draining the lake to allow the mucky bottom to consolidate. Restoration attempts were stalled for lack of funding and research. The Lake Apopka Restoration Council was reformed in 1985 under Governor Bob Graham (b. 1936), and, in 1987, the Surface Water and Improvement Management Act was passed. Together, these actions allowed comprehensive restoration plans to take shape, such as the Marsh Flow-way, a project by the St John’s Water Management District that uses natural methods to remove nutrients from the lake. The Friends of Lake Apopka, a citizen environmental advocacy group, began to push for further restoration efforts in the 1990s. The lake’s north shore muck farms were eventually purchased by the State of Florida, helping to reduce the amount of nutrient entering the lake.
Original 6-page typewritten abatement plan, February 2, 1972: binder 1972, Friends of Lake Apopka Archives, Ginn Museum, Oakland Nature Preserve, Oakland, Florida.
A newspaper article discussing a report that alleged the concealment of dredge-and-fill permit violations by the Marco Island Development Corporation in Marco Island, Florida. The report claims that these violations were concealed from the Florida Legislature prior to its approval of continued development by the land development company. According to the article, representatives of the Governor Reubin Askew (1928-2014) and the Internal Improvement Fund (IFF) denied the allegations. Hearings were scheduled by the House Natural Resources Committee to investigate the report .A couple of months after this article was published, the hearing on the Burgess report was held on July 15, 1972, and determined there was no evidence that violations of state law occurred, and that no evidence of violations was withheld by the Internal Improvement Fund. The Marco Island Development Corporation was formed in 1964 for the purpose of developing Marco Island into a residential and tourist area. This entailed dredging the island’s submerged areas, excavating sand and soil, and re-filling to create areas suitable for construction. Dredging and filling is regulated at both state and federal levels. The Internal Improvement Fund (IIF) held veto powers over dredging and filling after the passing of the Randell-Thomas Act in 1967. Construction on Marco Island thus required the IIF to approve plans and pass their recommendations to the Florida Cabinet.
Photocopy of original newspaper article: "House Slates Hearings on Marco Report." The Florida Times-Union, April 6, 1972: binder 1972, Friends of Lake Apopka Archives, Ginn Museum, Oakland Nature Preserve, Oakland, Florida.
The Florida Times-Union
Rural Clean-Up Failures: Deterioration of Lake Apopka Attributed to Introduction of 'Excessive Enrichments'
A newspaper article written by O. E. Frye, Jr., who was the director of the Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission. In the article, Frye discusses the deterioration of Lake Apopka and attributes this to eutrophication, occurring from nutrients entering the lake from various sources such as agricultural run-off and sewage waste. The article also discusses a die-off of alligators, fish, and turtles in 1971. Specimens were sent to University of Georgia School of Veterinary Medicine, and the cause of death was found to be aeromonas liquefaciens, a pathogenic bacteria. Lake Apopka is one of Florida’s largest lakes and was once considered to be one of the world’s best lakes for bass fishing. The lake’s sport fish population began to decline in the 1960s, with major die-offs occurring almost yearly. The lake’s problems are generally considered to be the result of over-nutrification from various sources. Twenty thousand acres of wetlands bordering the lake’s north shore were drained in the 1940s and used for highly fertile “muck farms.” These farms were routinely flooded to protect the fragile soil, and the fertilizer and pesticide-laden water was then discharged back into the lake prior to each growing season. Other sources of pollution include discharge from citrus processing operations, as well as treated wastewater from sewage plants. The nutrient-rich discharge promoted algae growth in the lake, turning the water to a green color, and blocked sunlight from reaching aquatic vegetation, which provided food and habit to the lake’s fish population. The lake’s bottom soil became increasingly “mucky,” also disrupting aquatic vegetation from taking root. Restoration work on the lake began in the 1960s with attempts by various agencies to remove “trash fish,” such as gizzard shad, from the lake via seining, which would hopefully allow the lake’s sport fish to thrive. The Lake Apopka Restoration Council, an initiative formed under Governor Claude Kirk (1926-2011) in 1967, launched several studies to find methods to improve the lake, though no serious action was taken. Various methods were debated to restore the lake through the 1970s and 1980s, including “drawdown,” which entailed completely draining the lake to allow the mucky bottom to consolidate. Restoration attempts were stalled for lack of funding and research. The Lake Apopka Restoration Council was reformed in 1985 under Governor Bob Graham (b. 1936), and, in 1987, the Surface Water and Improvement Management Act was passed. Together, these actions allowed comprehensive restoration plans to take shape, such as the Marsh Flow-way, a project by the St John’s Water Management District that uses natural methods to remove nutrients from the lake. The Friends of Lake Apopka, a citizen environmental advocacy group, began to push for further restoration efforts in the 1990s. The lake’s north shore muck farms were eventually purchased by the State of Florida, helping to reduce the amount of nutrient entering the lake.
Photocopy of original newspaper article: Frye, O. E., Jr. "Rural Clean-Up Failures: Deterioration of Lake Apopka Attributed To Introduction of Excessive Enrichments." The Palatka Daily News, February 16, 1972: binder 1972, Friends of Lake Apopka Archives, Ginn Museum, Oakland Nature Preserve, Oakland, Florida.
The Palatka Daily News
Letter from Harold L. Moody to Lawrence E. Jerome (March 13, 1972)
A letter from Harold L. Moody, fisheries biologist for the Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission, to Lawrence E. Jerome. The letter gives a detailed analysis of the history of pollution in Lake Apopka, the development of the Zellwood Drainage District muck farms, and the management of Lake Apopka's water level. Lake Apopka is one of Florida’s largest lakes and was once considered to be one of the world’s best lakes for bass fishing. The lake’s sport fish population began to decline in the 1960s, with major die-offs occurring almost yearly. The lake’s problems are generally considered to be the result of over-nutrification from various sources. Twenty thousand acres of wetlands bordering the lake’s north shore were drained in the 1940s and used for highly fertile “muck farms.” These farms were routinely flooded to protect the fragile soil, and the fertilizer and pesticide-laden water was then discharged back into the lake prior to each growing season. Other sources of pollution include discharge from citrus processing operations, as well as treated wastewater from sewage plants. The nutrient-rich discharge promoted algae growth in the lake, turning the water to a green color, and blocked sunlight from reaching aquatic vegetation, which provided food and habit to the lake’s fish population. The lake’s bottom soil became increasingly “mucky,” also disrupting aquatic vegetation from taking root. Restoration work on the lake began in the 1960s with attempts by various agencies to remove “trash fish,” such as gizzard shad, from the lake via seining, which would hopefully allow the lake’s sport fish to thrive. The Lake Apopka Restoration Council, an initiative formed under Governor Claude Kirk (1926-2011) in 1967, launched several studies to find methods to improve the lake, though no serious action was taken. Various methods were debated to restore the lake through the 1970s and 1980s, including “drawdown,” which entailed completely draining the lake to allow the mucky bottom to consolidate. Restoration attempts were stalled for lack of funding and research. The Lake Apopka Restoration Council was reformed in 1985 under Governor Bob Graham (b. 1936), and, in 1987, the Surface Water and Improvement Management Act was passed. Together, these actions allowed comprehensive restoration plans to take shape, such as the Marsh Flow-way, a project by the St John’s Water Management District that uses natural methods to remove nutrients from the lake. The Friends of Lake Apopka, a citizen environmental advocacy group, began to push for further restoration efforts in the 1990s. The lake’s north shore muck farms were eventually purchased by the State of Florida, helping to reduce the amount of nutrient entering the lake.
Photocopy of 5-page typewritten letter from Harold L. Moody to Lawrence E. Jerome, March 13, 1972: binder 1972, Friends of Lake Apopka Archives, Ginn Museum, Oakland Nature Preserve, Oakland, Florida.
Fisheries Research Laboratory, Florida Game and Fresh Water Commission, Eustis, Florida
Home of Lawrence E. Jerome, Santa Clara, California
Florida From the House...To Your Home Newsletter, March 1972
The Florida From the House...To Your Home newsletter mailed to citizens of the 5th Congressional District of Florida, represented by U.S. Representative Louis Frey, Jr. (1934-2019), who served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1969 to 1979. Rep. Frey was on several committees during his time in office, including the Select Committee on Narcotics Abuse and Control and the Science and Technology Committee. He was also the chairman of the Young Republicans of Florida. The newsletter also discusses President Richard Nixon's (1913-1994) Temporary Wage and Price Controls of 1971, the U.S. economy in general, as well as the federal budget and campaign reform. The newsletter also states Rep. Frey's concerns over the condition of Lake Apopka, and his efforts with Reps. Don Fuqua (b. 1933) and William V. Chappell, Jr. (1922-1989) to form the Ocklawaha Basin Improvement Council, an organization that would tackle the lake's pollution problems on a regional level. Additionally, the newsletter describes efforts to improvement employment in the aerospace industry in Florida, as well as describing the issues facing attempts to fight drug trafficking in Mexico during the War on Drugs.
Photocopy of 2-page typed newsletter: Florida From the House...To Your Home, March 1972: binder 1972, Friends of Lake Apopka Archives, Ginn Museum, Oakland Nature Preserve, Oakland, Florida.
A newspaper article discussing the approval of a restoration plan for Lake Apopka by the Florida Department of Pollution Control (DPC). The plan was to use grant money from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to implement a drawdown of Lake Apopka and allow bottom sediment to consolidate. The project was to be controlled locally by the newly formed Oklawaha River Basin Improvement Council, which was established earlier that year. The Oklawaha River Basin Improvement Council was formed on April 21, 1972, consisting of members representing Orange County, Lake County, Marion County, and Putnam County, as well as representatives of state agencies, such as the Florida Department of Air and Water Pollution Control. The council was formed to coordinate planning of environmental restoration at a regional level under the Florida Inter-Local Cooperation Act of 1969, which allowed city, county, and state agencies to coordinate with each other on mutually beneficial projects. The council’s primary project was a proposed drawdown of Lake Apopka, which was heavily polluted due to agricultural and sewage run-off by the 1970s. The drawdown would entail completely or mostly draining the lake, discharging the water downstream into the lakes and rivers that constitute the Ocklawaha River Basin, allowing Lake Apopka’s bottom sediments to consolidate, in the hope that this would improve Lake Apopka’s water quality. The council applied for several federal grants seeking funding for this project.
Photocopy of original newspaper article: "Apopka Restoration Plan Revealed." The Palatka Daily News, October 15, 1972: binder 1972, Friends of Lake Apopka Archives, Ginn Museum, Oakland Nature Preserve, Oakland, Florida.
Agreement to Establish the Oklawaha River Basin Improvement Council
An agreement to establish the Oklawaha River Basin Improvement Council, formed from a proposal by U.S. Representatives Lou Frey, Jr. (b. 1934), Don Fuqua (b. 1933), and William V. Chappell, Jr. (1922-1989). The agreement outlines the environmental issues facing the Ocklawaha River Basin and details the organization of the council, its goals, powers, and funding. The Oklawaha River Basin Improvement Council was formed on April 21, 1972, consisting of members representing Orange County, Lake County, Marion County, and Putnam County, as well as representatives of state agencies, such as the Florida Department of Air and Water Pollution Control. The council was formed to coordinate planning of environmental restoration at a regional level under the Florida Inter-Local Cooperation Act of 1969, which allowed city, county, and state agencies to coordinate with each other on mutually beneficial projects. The council’s primary project was a proposed drawdown of Lake Apopka, which was heavily polluted due to agricultural and sewage run-off by the 1970s. The drawdown would entail completely or mostly draining the lake, discharging the water downstream into the lakes and rivers that constitute the Ocklawaha River Basin, allowing Lake Apopka’s bottom sediments to consolidate, in the hope that this would improve Lake Apopka’s water quality. The council applied for several federal grants seeking funding for this project.
Photocopy of 3-page typewritten agreement: binder 1972, Friends of Lake Apopka Archives, Ginn Museum, Oakland Nature Preserve, Oakland, Florida.
Florida Historical Quarterly, Episode 27: Vol. 94, No. 2, Fall 2015
This episode features an interview with John Paul Nuño from California State University at Northridge about this article, "República de Bandidos: Challenges to Emergent Racial Hierarchies in the Florida Borderlands in the Early Nineteenth Century," published in this issue of The Florida Historical Quarterly.
Original 28-minute and 39-second audio podcast by Daniel S. Murphree, 2015: The Florida Historical Quarterly, Florida Historical Society, Cocoa, Florida.
The Florida Historical Quarterly
Florida Historical Society
University of Central Florida, Department of History
Prospect Bluff Fort, Wewahitchka, Florida
Florida Historical Quarterly, Episode 26: Vol. 94, No. 1, Summer 2015
This episode features an interview with Laura E. Brock about her article in The Florida Historical Quarterly on the legislative fight for the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) and the Florida Legislature in the 1970s, titled "Religion and Women's Rights in Florida: An Examination of the Equal Rights Amendment Legislative Debates, 1972-1982."
Original 20-minute and 30-second audio podcast by Daniel S. Murphree, 2015: The Florida Historical Quarterly, Florida Historical Society, Cocoa, Florida.
Florida State Capitol, Tallahassee, Florida
Florida Historical Quarterly, Episode 25: Vol. 93, No. 4, Spring 2015
This episode features an interview with Dr. Robert Cassanello, looking back at the career of Dr. Raymond A. Mohl. Dr. Mohl passed away in earlier in the year and This obituary is featured in the Spring 2015 issue. This podcast includes a discussion about the impact of Dr. Mohl, as well as excerpts from an unaired 2011 interview with Dr. Mohl about interstate highway planning and protests.
Original 27-minute and 35-second audio podcast by Daniel S. Murphree, 2015: The Florida Historical Quarterly, Florida Historical Society, Cocoa, Florida.
Interstate 95, Overtown, Downtown Miami, Florida
Florida Historical Quarterly, Episode 24: Vol. 93, No. 3, Winter 2015
This episode features an interview with Dr. Sherry Johnson, who was the guest editor of the Special Issue of The Florida Historical Quarterly that examines the Eighteenth-century Florida. This is the third of a six-part special issue that will examine the Quincentennial of Ponce De Leon's first visit to Florida.
Original 34-minute audio podcast by Daniel S. Murphree, 2015: The Florida Historical Quarterly, Florida Historical Society, Cocoa, Florida.
Florida Historical Quarterly, Episode 23: Vol. 93, No. 2, Fall 2014
This episode features an interview with C. S. Monaco about This article in the Fall 2014 issue of The Florida Historical Quarterly titled "'Wishing that Right May Prevail': Ethan Allen Hitchcock and the Florida War." In this podcast, Monaco also discussed This current research on the Second Seminole War and the creative questions and debates that surround this period of Florida history.
Original 25-minute and 22-second audio podcast by Daniel S. Murphree, 2014: The Florida Historical Quarterly, Florida Historical Society, Cocoa, Florida.
Florida Historical Quarterly, Episode 22: Vol. 93, No. 1, Summer 2014
This episode features an interview with Dr. Lisa Lindquist-Dorr, Associate Professor of History and Associate Dean, College of Arts and Sciences at the University of Alabama. She is the author of White Women, Rape, and the Power of Race in Virginia, 1900-1960, published by the University of North Carolina Press. She spoke to us about her article "Bootlegging Aliens: Unsanctioned Immigration and the Underground Economy of Smuggling from Cuba during Prohibition," published in the Summer 2014 issue of The Florida Historical Quarterly.
Original 19-minute and 16-second audio podcast by Daniel S. Murphree, 2014: The Florida Historical Quarterly, Florida Historical Society, Cocoa, Florida.
Florida Historical Quarterly, Episode 21: Vol. 92, No. 4, Spring 2014
This episode features an interview with Matthew J. Clavin, Associate Professor of history at the University of Houston. Clavin is the author of Toussaint Louverture and the Civil War: the Promise and Peril of a Second Haitian Revolution. In this episode, Clavin spoke to us about This article "An 'underground railway' to Pensacola and the Impending Crisis over Slavery," published in the Spring 2014 issue of The Florida Historical Quarterly.
Original 18-minute and 51-second audio podcast by Daniel S. Murphree, 2014: The Florida Historical Quarterly, Florida Historical Society, Cocoa, Florida.
Florida Historical Quarterly, Episode 20: Vol. 92, No. 3, Winter 2014
This episode features an interview with Dr. Jane Landers, who was the guest editor of the Special Issue of The Florida Historical Quarterly that examines 17th-century Florida. This is the second of a six-part special issue that will examine the Quintessential of Ponce De Leon's first visit to Florida.
Original 18-minute and 43-second audio podcast by Daniel S. Murphree, 2014: The Florida Historical Quarterly, Florida Historical Society, Cocoa, Florida.
Mission San Luis de Apalachee, Tallahassee, Florida
Castillo de San Marcos. St. Augustine, Florida
Florida Historical Quarterly, Episode 19: Vol. 92, No. 2, Fall 2013
This episode features an interview with Attorney Richard S. Dellinger, who co-edited this special issue of The Florida Historical Quarterly on the U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Florida. The issue is dedicated to the significant cases that have made it through the Middle District Court, which is celebrating its 50th anniversary.
Original 19-minute and 47-second audio podcast by Daniel S. Murphree, 2013: The Florida Historical Quarterly, Florida Historical Society, Cocoa, Florida.
Bryan Simpson United States Courthouse, Jacksonville, Florida
Sam M. Gibbons U.S. Courthouse, Tampa, Florida
Florida Historical Quarterly, Episode 18: Vol. 92, No. 1, Summer 2013
This podcast features an interview with Dr. Sam Watson, Professor of History at the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, about This article "Conquerors, Peacekeepers, or Both? The U.S. Army and West Florida, 1810-1811, A New Perspective," which appeared in this issue of The Florida Historical Quarterly. This article is about the West Florida Rebellion of 1810.
Original 16-minute and 41-second audio podcast by Daniel S. Murphree, 2013: The Florida Historical Quarterly, Florida Historical Society, Cocoa, Florida.
Florida Historical Quarterly, Episode 17: Vol. 91, No. 4, Spring 2013
This podcast features an interview with Andrew Fairbanks and Dr. Christopher Meindl, about their article "Talking Trash: A Short History of Solid Waste Management in Florida," which appeared in this issue of The Florida Historical Quarterly. Christopher Meindl is Associate Professor of geography at the University of South Florida-St. Petersburg, and Andrew Fairbanks received This Master of Arts degree in Florida Studies at USFSP.
Original 25-minute and 58-second audio podcast by Daniel S. Murphree, 2013: The Florida Historical Quarterly, Florida Historical Society, Cocoa, Florida.
Florida Historical Quarterly, Episode 16: Vol. 91, No. 3, Winter 2013
For this episode, FHQ Assistant Editor Dr. Daniel S. Murphree interviewed Dr. Paul Hoffman, Paul W. and Nancy W. Murrill Professor of History at Louisiana State University. Professor Hoffman is the guest editor for this special issue, the first of a series of issues that re-examines the five hundred years of Florida history since the landing of Ponce de Leon in 1513. He is also the author of "The Historiography of Sixteenth-Century La Florida," which appeared in this issue of The Florida Historical Quarterly. This issue addresses Florida during the 16th century, and four more issues will be published over the next four years to re-examine subsequent centuries in Florida history.
Original 29-minute and 2-second audio podcast by Daniel S. Murphree, 2013: The Florida Historical Quarterly, Florida Historical Society, Cocoa, Florida.
Florida Historical Quarterly, Episode 15: Vol. 91, No. 2, Fall 2012
This podcast features an interview with Matthew G. Hyland from Duquesne University, about This article "The Florida Keys Hurricane House: Post-Disaster New Deal Housing." The article, featured in this issue of The Florida Historical Quarterly, is about hurricane houses during the Great Depression in the Florida Keys.
Original 18-minute and 33-second audio podcast by Daniel S. Murphree, 2012: The Florida Historical Quarterly, Florida Historical Society, Cocoa, Florida.
Sleeping Policeman
Florida Historical Quarterly, Episode 14: Vol. 91, No. 1, Summer 2012
This episode features The Florida Historical Quarterly Assistant Editor Dr. Daniel S. Murphree’s interview of Professor Claire Strom, Rapetti-Trunzo Professor of History at Rollins College, about her article "Controlling Venereal Disease in Orlando during World War II." Her article is about Orlando's reaction and policies toward venereal disease and women's sexuality during World War II, and it was published in this issue of FHQ.
Original 12-minute and 33-second audio podcast by Daniel S. Murphree, 2012: The Florida Historical Quarterly, Florida Historical Society, Cocoa, Florida.
Florida Historical Quarterly, Episode 13: Vol. 90, No. 4, Spring 2012
This podcast features an interview with Professor David Jackson, Jr. from Florida A&M University, about This article "'Industrious, Thrifty and Ambitious': Jacksonville’s African American Businesspeople during the Jim Crow Era," which appeared in this issue of The Florida Historical Quarterly. This article is about the business class of Jacksonville during the Jim Crow Era. We also interviewed Tina Bucuvalas, who was the 2012 Jillian Prescott Memorial Keynote Speaker at the Florida Historical Society Meeting and Symposium in Tampa.
Original 15-minute and 38-second audio podcast by Robert Cassanello and Daniel S. Murphree, 2012: The Florida Historical Quarterly, Florida Historical Society, Cocoa, Florida.
Florida Historical Quarterly, Episode 12: Vol. 90, No. 3, Winter 2012
This episode features interviews with the guest editors of the special issue of the The Florida Historical Quarterly, Julian C. Chambliss and Denise K. Cummings, speaking about their article, "Florida: The Mediated State." The entire issue is dedicated to an examination of how cultural actors have defined the way that we imagine Florida through popular culture.
Original 17-minute and 8-second audio podcast by Daniel S. Murphree, 2012: The Florida Historical Quarterly, Florida Historical Society, Cocoa, Florida.
Colony Theatre, Downtown Winter Park, Florida
Florida Historical Quarterly, Episode 11: Vol. 90, No. 2, Fall 2011
This episode features interviews with all of the contributors for this special issue of The Florida Historical Quarterly on the West Florida Revolt of 1810: "Introduction: Setting a Precedent for Regional Revolution: The West Florida Revolt Considered" by Samuel C. Hyde, Jr., "Some Thoughts on Spanish East and West Florida as Borderlands" by James G. Cusick, "The Origins of the Monroe Doctrine Revisited: The Madison Administration, the West Florida Revolt, and the No Transfer Policy" by William S. Belko, and "The Rise and Fall of the Original Lone Star State: Infant American Imperialism Ascendant in West Florida" by Cody Scallions. This entire issue is dedicated the global context and impact of the revolt from a variety of different perspectives.
Original 27-minute and 20-second audio podcast by Connie Lester and Daniel S. Murphree, 2011: The Florida Historical Quarterly, Florida Historical Society, Cocoa, Florida.
Florida Historical Quarterly, Episode 10: Vol. 90, No. 1, Summer 2011
This is the podcast for the Summer 2011 issue of The Florida Historical Quarterly. The issue features the 2010 Friends of the Florida Historical Society Keynote Lecture "The First Coming of Judeo-Christian Religion to Florida" by Michael Gannon in addition to the articles "Blue Water, Brown Water, and Confederate Disloyalty: The Peculiar and Personal Naval Conflict in South Florida during the Civil War" by Irvin D. S. Winsboro and William B. Mack and "The Catholic Diocese of Miami and African American Desegregation, 1958-1977" by Mark Newman. This podcast features an interview with James M. Denham whose article "Crime and Punishment in Antebellum Pensacola," is also in the Summer issue. Professor Denham is the Director of Lawton M. Chiles Center for Florida History at Florida Southern College. In addition, Professor Raymond A. Mohl, Distinguished Professor at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, was interviewed for this podcast. Dr. Mohl spoke about the life and legacy of Stetson Kennedy who passed away on August 27, 2011, at the age of 94.
Original 21-minute and 49-second audio podcast by Connie Lester, Robert Cassanello, and Daniel S. Murphree, 2011: The Florida Historical Quarterly, Florida Historical Society, Cocoa, Florida.
Florida Historical Quarterly, Episode 9: Vol. 89, No. 4, Spring 2011
This podcast is about a special issue devoted to literature in Florida. Dr. Connie Lester, Editor of The Florida Historical Quarterly, interviewed Rebecca Sharpless, Associate Professor of History at Texas Christian University, about her article titled "The Servants and Mrs. Rawlings: Martha Mickens and African American Life at Cross Creek."
Original 16-minute and 34-second audio podcast by Connie Lester and Robert Cassanello, 2011: The Florida Historical Quarterly, Florida Historical Society, Cocoa, Florida.
Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings Historic State Park, Cross Creek, Florida
Florida Historical Quarterly, Episode 8: Vol. 89, No. 3, Winter 2011
This podcast features an interview with Jessica Clawson, a graduate student at the University of Florida, about her article "Administrative Recalcitrance and Government Intervention: Desegregation at the University of Florida, 1962-1972," which appeared in this issue of The Florida Historical Quarterly. The article concerns the racial integration of UF in the 1960s and 1970s.
Original 20-minute and 8-second audio podcast by Connie Lester and Robert Cassanello, 2011: The Florida Historical Quarterly, Florida Historical Society, Cocoa, Florida.
University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
Florida Historical Quarterly, Episode 7: Vol. 89, No. 2, Fall 2010
This episode features an interview with the three authors that contributed to this special issue of The Florida Historical Quarterly, all of whom are graduate students finishing their doctoral degrees on Florida historical topics. The authors were asked about their experiences researching a topic in Florida history while early in their scholarly careers. Interviewees on this podcast were Deborah L. Bauer, author of "'. . . in a strange place': The Experiences of British Women during the Colonization of East & West Florida," Nicole C. Cox, author of "Selling Seduction: Women and Feminine Nature in 1920s Florida," and Peter Ferdinando, author of "A Translation History of Florida."
Original 25-minute and 41-second audio podcast by Connie Lester, Robert Cassanello, and Daniel S. Murphree, 2010: The Florida Historical Quarterly, Florida Historical Society, Cocoa, Florida.
Florida Historical Quarterly, Episode 6: Vol. 89, No. 1, Summer 2010
This podcast features an interview with Gilbert C. Din, Professor Emeritus at Fort Lewis College in Durango, Colorado. He is the author of several books on colonial Louisiana and a frequent contributor to The Florida Historical Quarterly. This podcast features an interview with him about This work on William Augustus Bowles and about This article that appeared in this issue of the FHQ, titled "William Augustus Bowles on the Gulf Coast, 1787-1803: Unraveling a Labyrinthine Conundrum."
Original 16-minute and 12-second audio podcast by Connie Lester and Daniel S. Murphree, 2010: The Florida Historical Quarterly, Florida Historical Society, Cocoa, Florida.
Florida Historical Quarterly, Episode 5: Vol. 88, No. 4, Spring 2010
This podcast features an interview with Derrick E. White, Assistant Professor of History at Florida Atlantic University. He wrote an article that appeared in this issue of The Florida Historical Quarterly, titled "From Desegregation to Integration: Race, Football, and 'Dixie' at the University of Florida." This article is about Confederate memory and racial integration at Florida universities during the 1960s.
Original 19-minute and 17-second audio podcast by Connie Lester and Robert Cassanello, 2010: The Florida Historical Quarterly, Florida Historical Society, Cocoa, Florida.
University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida
Florida Historical Quarterly, Episode 4: Vol. 88, No. 3, Winter 2010
This podcast features an interview with Daniel Feller, Professor of History and Editor/Director of The Papers of Andrew Jackson. He gave the 2010 Catherine Prescott Lecture for the Florida Historical Society (FHS), which became an article in this issue of The Florida Historical Quarterly. This article is titled "The Seminole Controversy Revisited: A New Look At Andrew Jackson's 1818 Florida Campaign."
Original 19-minute and 31-second audio podcast by Connie Lester and Robert Cassanello, 2010: The Florida Historical Quarterly, Florida Historical Society, Cocoa, Florida.
Florida Historical Quarterly, Episode 3: Vol. 88, No. 2, Fall 2009
This podcast features an interview with Nancy J. Levine, Associate Professor of English at the University of North Florida. Professor Levine and her class recorded the history of the Hastings Library, a collaborative effort that is chronicled in an article in this issue of The Florida Historical Quarterly, titled "Florida Classroom: Tea Sets, Tractors and T-1 Lines: The Survival of a Small Town Library: The Hastings Branch Library, Hastings, Florida."
Original 14-minute and 19-second audio podcast by Connie Lester and Robert Cassanello, 2009: The Florida Historical Quarterly, Florida Historical Society, Cocoa, Florida.
Hastings Branch Library, Hastings, Florida
Florida Historical Quarterly, Episode 2: Vol. 88, No. 1, Summer 2009
This podcast features an interview with Dr. Michael Bowen, Assistant Director at the Bob Graham Center for Public Service, about This article "The Strange Tale of Wesley and Florence Garrison: Racial Crosscurrents of the Postwar Florida Republican Party," and the research involved in writing that article. The article appeared in this issue of The Florida Historical Quarterly.
Original 17-minute and 36-second audio podcast by Connie Lester and Robert Cassanello, 2009: The Florida Historical Quarterly, Florida Historical Society, Cocoa, Florida.
Florida Historical Quarterly, Episode 1: Vol. 87, No. 4, Spring 2009
This podcast features an interview with Professor Jack E. Davis. He is the author of An Everglades Providence: Marjory Stoneman Douglas and the American Environmental Century, published by the University of Georgia Press. In this podcast, he discusses This article "Sharp Prose for Green: John D. MacDonald and the First Ecological Novel," which appeared in this issue of The Florida Historical Quarterly.
Original 15-minute and 27-second audio podcast by Connie Lester and Robert Cassanello, 2009: The Florida Historical Quarterly, Florida Historical Society, Cocoa, Florida.
24 Hour Average Annual Traffic Map for Orange County, 1985
A report showing the 24-hour average annual traffic data in Orange County, Florida, for 1985. The report was prepared by Cashi Signs, an outdoor advertising company established in 1953. Originally a cattle town, Orlando grew into a major citrus growing center by the 1920s. The city continued to grow during the Great Depression with aid from the Work Progress Administration (WPA). During World War II, Orlando became a major military center as well, with the development of the McCoy Air Force Base and Pinecastle Air Force Base, and with the addition of the Naval Training Center (NTC) Orlando in 1968. Downtown Orlando declined in the 1960s and 1970s. Redevelopment began in the 1970s and continued into the 1980s, with projects such as the Church Street Station entertainment complex. In 1998, a building boom began and continued through the 2000s.
Original 17 x 11 inch map by Cashi Signs, 1985: Pine Castle Historical Society, Pine Castle, Florida.
Florida Department of Transportation
24 Hour Average Annual Traffic Map for Orange County, 1984
A report showing the 24-hour average annual traffic data in Orange County, Florida, for 1984. The report was prepared by Cashi Signs, an outdoor advertising company established in 1953. Originally a cattle town, Orlando grew into a major citrus growing center by the 1920s. The city continued to grow during the Great Depression with aid from the Work Progress Administration (WPA). During World War II, Orlando became a major military center as well, with the development of the McCoy Air Force Base and Pinecastle Air Force Base, and with the addition of the Naval Training Center (NTC) Orlando in 1968. Downtown Orlando declined in the 1960s and 1970s. Redevelopment began in the 1970s and continued into the 1980s, with projects such as the Church Street Station entertainment complex. In 1998, a building boom began and continued through the 2000s.
Original 17 x 11 inch map by Cashi Signs, 1984: Pine Castle Historical Society, Pine Castle, Florida.
24 Hour Average Annual Traffic Map for Orange County, 1983
A report showing the 24-hour average annual traffic data in Orange County, Florida, for 1983. The report was prepared by Cashi Signs, an outdoor advertising company established in 1953. Originally a cattle town, Orlando grew into a major citrus growing center by the 1920s. The city continued to grow during the Great Depression with aid from the Work Progress Administration (WPA). During World War II, Orlando became a major military center as well, with the development of the McCoy Air Force Base and Pinecastle Air Force Base, and with the addition of the Naval Training Center (NTC) Orlando in 1968. Downtown Orlando declined in the 1960s and 1970s. Redevelopment began in the 1970s and continued into the 1980s, with projects such as the Church Street Station entertainment complex. In 1998, a building boom began and continued through the 2000s.
Original 17 x 11 inch map by Cashi Signs, 1983: Pine Castle Historical Society, Pine Castle, Florida.
24 Hour Average Annual Traffic Map for Orange County, 1982
A report showing the 24-hour average annual traffic data in Orange County, Florida, for 1982. The report was prepared by Cashi Signs, an outdoor advertising company established in 1953. Originally a cattle town, Orlando grew into a major citrus growing center by the 1920s. The city continued to grow during the Great Depression with aid from the Work Progress Administration (WPA). During World War II, Orlando became a major military center as well, with the development of the McCoy Air Force Base and Pinecastle Air Force Base, and with the addition of the Naval Training Center (NTC) Orlando in 1968. Downtown Orlando declined in the 1960s and 1970s. Redevelopment began in the 1970s and continued into the 1980s, with projects such as the Church Street Station entertainment complex. In 1998, a building boom began and continued through the 2000s.
Original 17 x 11 inch map by Cashi Signs, 1982: Pine Castle Historical Society, Pine Castle, Florida.
24 Hour Average Annual Traffic Map for Orange County, 1981
A report showing the 24-hour average annual traffic data in Orange County, Florida, for the period of July 1, 1980 to June 30, 1981. The report was prepared by Cashi Signs, an outdoor advertising company established in 1953. Originally a cattle town, Orlando grew into a major citrus growing center by the 1920s. The city continued to grow during the Great Depression with aid from the Work Progress Administration (WPA). During World War II, Orlando became a major military center as well, with the development of the McCoy Air Force Base and Pinecastle Air Force Base, and with the addition of the Naval Training Center (NTC) Orlando in 1968. Downtown Orlando declined in the 1960s and 1970s. Redevelopment began in the 1970s and continued into the 1980s, with projects such as the Church Street Station entertainment complex. In 1998, a building boom began and continued through the 2000s.
Original 17 x 11 inch map by Cashi Signs, 1981: Pine Castle Historical Society, Pine Castle, Florida.
24 Hour Average Annual Traffic Map for Orange County, 1977
A report showing the 24-hour average annual traffic data in Orange County, Florida, for the period of July 1, 1976 to June 30, 1977. The report was prepared by Cashi Signs, an outdoor advertising company established in 1953. Originally a cattle town, Orlando grew into a major citrus growing center by the 1920s. The city continued to grow during the Great Depression with aid from the Work Progress Administration (WPA). During World War II, Orlando became a major military center as well, with the development of the McCoy Air Force Base and Pinecastle Air Force Base, and with the addition of the Naval Training Center (NTC) Orlando in 1968. Downtown Orlando declined in the 1960s and 1970s. Redevelopment began in the 1970s and continued into the 1980s, with projects such as the Church Street Station entertainment complex. In 1998, a building boom began and continued through the 2000s.
Original 17 x 11 inch map by Cashi Signs, 1977: Pine Castle Historical Society, Pine Castle, Florida.
24 Hour Average Annual Traffic Map for Orange County, 1976
A report showing the 24-hour average annual traffic data in Orange County, Florida, for 1976. The report was prepared by Cashi Signs, an outdoor advertising company established in 1953. Originally a cattle town, Orlando grew into a major citrus growing center by the 1920s. The city continued to grow during the Great Depression with aid from the Work Progress Administration (WPA). During World War II, Orlando became a major military center as well, with the development of the McCoy Air Force Base and Pinecastle Air Force Base, and with the addition of the Naval Training Center (NTC) Orlando in 1968. Downtown Orlando declined in the 1960s and 1970s. Redevelopment began in the 1970s and continued into the 1980s, with projects such as the Church Street Station entertainment complex. In 1998, a building boom began and continued through the 2000s.
Original 17 x 11 inch map by Cashi Signs, 1976: Pine Castle Historical Society, Pine Castle, Florida.
24 Hour Average Annual Traffic Map for Orange County, 1973
A report showing the 24-hour average annual traffic data in Orange County, Florida, for 1973. The report was prepared by Cashi Signs, an outdoor advertising company established in 1953. Originally a cattle town, Orlando grew into a major citrus growing center by the 1920s. The city continued to grow during the Great Depression with aid from the Work Progress Administration (WPA). During World War II, Orlando became a major military center as well, with the development of the McCoy Air Force Base and Pinecastle Air Force Base, and with the addition of the Naval Training Center (NTC) Orlando in 1968. Downtown Orlando declined in the 1960s and 1970s. Redevelopment began in the 1970s and continued into the 1980s, with projects such as the Church Street Station entertainment complex. In 1998, a building boom began and continued through the 2000s.
Original 17 x 11 inch map by Cashi Signs, 1973: Pine Castle Historical Society, Pine Castle, Florida.
A play map showing Woodside Village, a residential community in Orlando, Florida. This plat shows real property located north of University Boulevard and west of North Econlockhatchee Trail and was prepared by Dyer, Riddle, Mills & Precourt, an Orlando-based engineering firm.
Original 37 x 20 inch plat map: Pine Castle Historical Society, Pine Castle, Florida.
Dyer, Riddle, Mills and Precourt
A plat map showing the area around the Four Lakes area, located east of Florida State Road 436 near the border of Seminole County and Orange County, Florida. The area is named in reference to the four surrounding lakes: Lake Sharp to the north, Deep Lake to the northeast, Lake Pearl to the south, and Lake Burkett to the west. This plat map was prepared by Dyer, Riddle, Mills and Precourt, an Orlando-based engineering firm, in 1983.
Original 61 x 36 inch preliminary plat, April 1983: Pine Castle Historical Society, Pine Castle, Florida.
A map showing drainage easements for a portion of Orange County, Florida, describing what is likely the real estate property of present-day Sky Lake. The map was prepared at the request of Hyman Lake, the real estate developer of Sky Lake, a residential community and unincorporated area in Orange County. It is located approximately seven miles south of Downtown Orlando between Lancaster Road and Sand Lake Road. The community was developed in late 1950s and 1960s by Hymen Lake. Houses originally sold in the range of $10,000 to $15,000. In the 1970s, Sky Lake became one of the first housing developments to be racially integrated. The community was originally proposed to include one thousand homes within the middle of the square mile block and a ring of commercial developments along the perimeter.
Original 36 x 24 inch drainage map: Pine Castle Historical Society, Pine Castle, Florida.
Orangewood Village Preliminary Subdivision Plan, 1977
A 1977 preliminary subdivision plan for Orangewood Village in Orlando, Florida. This residential development is located just south of Freedom High School, off Central Florida Parkway. The real property of Orangewood Village was owned by Florida Land Company and surveyed by Daryl Ganung. Reynolds, Smith & Hills engineered the development. Now called RS&H, Inc., the engineering company was founded in Jacksonville in 1941.
Original 36 x 30 inch preliminary subdivision plan, January 10, 1977: Pine Castle Historical Society, Pine Castle, Florida.
Reynolds, Smith & Hills
An architectural plot plan showing the location of various out parcels and parking facilities surrounding the Florida Mall property. The plan also shows the names of the five department stores that made up the original mall configuration: Sears, J.C. Penney, Robinson's, Belk-Lindsey, and Jordan Marsh. The 13-story, Crown Plaza Hotel, located within the mall, is also named in the plot plan. The Florida Mall was designed and constructed by the Edward J. DeBartolo Corporation. The DeBartolo Corporation was founded by Edward J. DeBartolo Sr. in 1944. Edward J. DeBartolo Jr., joined his father's business and together they became the king's of the shopping mall. By the late 1980s, the DeBartolo Corporation had constructed fifty one shopping malls, including twenty one in Florida. The Florida Mall, located on the corner of Sand Lake Road and Orange Blossom Trail, was designed to appeal to Central Florida's large tourist economy. Originally the mall sat on 250 acres, contained over 1.3 million square feet of shopping space and featured over 160 stores.
Original 45 x 36.5 inch architectural drawing created, October 9, 1984: Pine Castle Historical Society, Pine Castle, Florida.
Edward J. DeBartolo Corporation
Florida Mall Total Development Plan, 1979
An architectural development plan showing the Florida Mall, along with the surrounding parcels of real estate, drawn in 1979. The Florida Mall was designed and constructed by the Edward J. DeBartolo Corporation, founded by Edward J. DeBartolo, Sr. (1909-1994) in 1944. Edward J. DeBartolo Jr. (b. 1946) joined his father's business and together they became known as the "kings of the shopping mall." By the late 1980s, the DeBartolo Corporation had constructed 51 shopping malls, including 21 in Florida. The Florida Mall, located on the corner of Sand Lake Road and Orange Blossom Trail, was designed to appeal to Central Florida's large tourist economy and opened in March of 1986. Originally, the mall sat on 250 acres, contained over 1.3 million square feet of shopping space, and featured over 160 stores. This report gives an overview of the Florida Mall's perspective place in the Central Florida retail market.
Original 37.5 x 27 inch architectural drawing, February 13, 1979: Pine Castle Historical Society, Pine Castle, Florida.
Florida Mall Total Development Plan, 1981
An architectural development plan showing the Florida Mall, along with the surrounding parcels of real estate, drawn in 1981. The Florida Mall was designed and constructed by the Edward J. DeBartolo Corporation, founded by Edward J. DeBartolo, Sr. (1909-1994) in 1944. Edward J. DeBartolo Jr. (b. 1946) joined his father's business and together they became known as the "kings of the shopping mall." By the late 1980s, the DeBartolo Corporation had constructed 51 shopping malls, including 21 in Florida. The Florida Mall, located on the corner of Sand Lake Road and Orange Blossom Trail, was designed to appeal to Central Florida's large tourist economy and opened in March of 1986. Originally, the mall sat on 250 acres, contained over 1.3 million square feet of shopping space, and featured over 160 stores. This report gives an overview of the Florida Mall's perspective place in the Central Florida retail market.
Original 37.5 x 25 inch architectural drawing, December 16, 1981: Pine Castle Historical Society, Pine Castle, Florida.
architectural drawings showing two proposed layouts for Sky Lake Plaza, later named Skyview Plaza and sometimes referred to as the BeeLine Mall. Hymen Lake designed the plaza as regional shopping center, featuring a Publix supermarket and other mixed-goods stores in Sky Lake, a residential community and unincorporated area in Orange County, Florida. Skyview Plaza was constructed in 1964 and is located on the northeast corner of U.S. Route 441 (US 441), also known as Orange Blossom Trail (OBT) and Sand Lake Road. The developers dubbed this area the "Triangle of Success," formed by the City of Orlando, the Martin Company, and McCoy Air Force Base.
Original 24 x 12.5 inch architectural drawings, October 24, 1966: Pine Castle Historical Society, Pine Castle, Florida.
Milton, Carlisle, Harry and Associates
Sky Lake Plaza Descriptions and Areas of Various Parcels, 1964
An architectural drawing showing the proposed layout of the Sky Lake Plaza, later named Skyview Plaza and sometimes referred to as the BeeLine Mall. Hymen Lake designed the plaza as regional shopping center, featuring a Publix supermarket and other mixed-goods stores in Sky Lake, a residential community and unincorporated area in Orange County, Florida. Skyview Plaza was constructed in 1964 and is located on the northeast corner of U.S. Route 441 (US 441), also known as Orange Blossom Trail (OBT) and Sand Lake Road. The developers dubbed this area the "Triangle of Success," formed by the City of Orlando, the Martin Company, and McCoy Air Force Base.
Original 19 x 26 inch engineering blueprint: Pine Castle Historical Society, Pine Castle, Florida.
Sky Lake Plaza Paving and Drainage, 1972
An engineering blueprint showing the detail paving plan for the parking lot at Sky Lake Plaza, later named Skyview Plaza and sometimes referred to as the BeeLine Mall. Hymen Lake designed the plaza as regional shopping center, featuring a Publix supermarket and other mixed-goods stores in Sky Lake, a residential community and unincorporated area in Orange County, Florida. Skyview Plaza was constructed in 1964 and is located on the northeast corner of U.S. Route 441 (US 441), also known as Orange Blossom Trail (OBT) and Sand Lake Road. The developers dubbed this area the "Triangle of Success," formed by the City of Orlando, the Martin Company, and McCoy Air Force Base.
Original 36 x 22 inch engineering blueprint by Howard Durden, May 30, 1972: Pine Castle Historical Society, Pine Castle, Florida.
Original 19 x 21 inch architectural drawing by Lathrop Douglass, October 4, 1962: Pine Castle Historical Society, Pine Castle, Florida.
A phase two site plan showing the layout of the Sky Lake South neighborhood. Sky Lake is a residential community and unincorporated area in Orange County, Florida. It is located approximately seven miles south of Downtown Orlando between Lancaster Road and Sand Lake Road. The community was developed in late 1950s and 1960s by Hymen Lake. Houses originally sold in the range of $10,000 to $15,000. In the 1970s, Sky Lake became one of the first housing developments to be racially integrated. The community was originally proposed to include one thousand homes within the middle of the square mile block and a ring of commercial developments along the perimeter.
Original 25.5 x 18 inch engineering blueprint by Hart, Krivatsky &amp
Stubee, October 18, 1972: Pine Castle Historical Society, Pine Castle, Florida.
Westinghouse Nuclear Components Division and Manufacturing Capabilities
A brochure featuring Westinghouse Electric Corporation's Nuclear Components Division manufacturing facility in Pensacola, Florida. After the downturn in the business, became the sole Westinghouse factory dedicated to both large and small nuclear components when the Tampa plant was closed in 1981. This "Manufacturing Capabilities" insert was produced in 1988. The market for new nuclear power plants had dropped sharply and the Pensacola plant was being used mainly for nuclear service work. Westinghouse was actively seeking contracts from outside businesses, such as the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD), that could utilize the sophisticated manufacturing capabilities of the plant. At the same time, the 100-year old Westinghouse factories in Pennsylvania were being closed and the newly-formed, Orlando-based Power Generation Business Unit (PGBU), under General Manager and Vice President Frank R. Bakos decided to make use of the Pensacola plant as part of its "Great North American Factory." Many 100+MW-class W501D5/D5A and 150+MW-class 501F gas turbines were assembled there and shipped either by rail or barge from the plant. At the height of the U.S. nuclear power business during the 1970s, Westinghouse invested heavily in manufacturing facilities in Florida that were built to enable the company to achieve a leadership position in the industry. A plant was built in Jacksonville for the Offshore Nuclear Power Plant business), and others were established in Tampa and Pensacola, both to supply specialty components for nuclear power plants. Ultimately, the plant was shut down, due to nuclear component work being transferred elsewhere and the decision to consolidate gas turbine and generator manufacturing at other plants. Following the Siemens acquisition of Westinghouse Power Generation in 1998, the property was sold and is now being used by General Electric Company to do manufacturing and service work on large electric generators.
Original 24-page brochure and 16-page insert, 1988: Private Collection of Harry L. Jaeger.
Nuclear Components Division, Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Pensacola, Florida
Building Block Applications: A Guide to Turbine Element Selection
A guide to turbine element selection. This booklet was produced by Westinghouse Electric Corporation's Steam Turbine Division in 1973 as an applications guide for customers, power plant engineers, and Westinghouse salesmen in the field. At the time, the Steam Turbine Division was located at the site of the old Westinghouse factory in Lester, Pennsylvania. In 1982, the Steam Turbine Generator Division moved its office personnel from Pennsylvania to Orlando, Florida. The new World Headquarters building was located at The Quadrangle on Alafaya Trail, across the road from the University of Central Florida (UCF). In 1998, Westinghouse (then the CBS Corporation) sold its Power Generation Business Unit to Siemens, which, as of 2016, occupies the property at the Quadrangle. Originally called the Westinghouse Electric Company, George Westinghouse (1846-1914) founded his manufacturing company in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on January 8, 1886. In 1889, he renamed his business The Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company. Westinghouse's primary products include turbines, generators, motors and switchgear related to the generation, transmission, and use of electricity. The first Westinghouse steam turbine, a 1500kW unit, was placed in service at Hartford Power and Light Company in 1901. Since that time, Westinghouse, or Westinghouse licensees, have supplied approximately half of the steam turbine generators placed in service in the U.S. and around the world. During the late 1960s and early 1970s, Westinghouse steam turbine engineers designed and developed a series of "turbine elements" called "Building Blocks." These standardized designs for the high pressure (HP), intermediate pressure (IP), and low pressure (LP) sections or elements of the full steam turbine unit comprised the full range of Westinghouse Steam Turbine products, the largest of which were rated at some 1600MW. Turbine building block designs were developed for both fossil (3600RPM) and nuclear (1800RPM) applications.
Original 7-page booklet: Private Collection of Harry L. Jaeger.
Steam Turbine Division, Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Lester, Pennsylvania
Combustion Turbine Repowering of Reheat Steam Power Plants
An academic paper by Richard W. Foster-Pegg, presented at the Pacific Coast Electric Association in March of 1980. During the mid-1970s and into the 1980s, Westinghouse Electric Corporation's Combustion Turbine Systems Division actively participated in numerous industry-sponsored studies of the conversion of existing steam turbine power plants to highly efficient combined cycle power generation with the addition of a gas turbine to supply its "exhaust waste heat" to Thermodynamic power cycle. The benefits of converting older steam power plants to combined cycle included it being an economical way to add substantially more power generating capacity to an existing power plant site, and it was an attractive way to replace old boiler equipment with a gas turbine/heat recovery boiler while extending the useful life of the existing steam turbine generator and other balance-of-plant equipment. This form of power plant upgrade and expansion became popular in the U.S. some time after this paper was written. The Combustion Turbine Systems Division headquarters were located in Concordville, Pennsylvania, until it was relocated to Power Generation World Headquarters in Orlando, Florida, in 1987.
Original 19-page academic paper by Richard W. Foster-Pegg, 1980: Private Collection of Harry L. Jaeger.
Combustion Turbine Systems Division, Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Concordville, Pennsylvania
Large Rotating Apparatus Plant: Westinghouse, East Pittsburgh
A brochure, produced between 1980 and 1985 to highlight the features of Westinghouse Electric Corporation's Large Rotating Apparatus (LRA) Plant, in East Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The LRA Plant opened in 1883 and was one of the first manufacturing plants built by the Westinghouse Electric Company. During most of its history, this factory was used to manufacture and service Westinghouse electric generators. It also housed the headquarters of the Large Rotating Apparatus Division (LRAD) of the Power Generation Group. In the early 1980s, LRAD was integrated with the Steam Turbine Division, which was headquartered at another one of the original Westinghouse plants in Lester, near to Philadelphia. The newly consolidated organization, called Steam Turbine Generator Division, soon moved to its new headquarters in Orlando, Florida, in between 1982 and 1983. The East Pittsburgh plant closed around 1987 or 1988, when generator manufacturing was moved to other Westinghouse plants in Pensacola, North Carolina, and Alabama.
Original 19-page brochure: Private Collection of Harry L. Jaeger.
Large Rotating Apparatus Plant, Westinghouse Electric Corporation, East Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Total Quality into the 21st Century: 1990 Total Quality Improvement Plan
A brochure describing Westinghouse Electric Corporation's Quality Improvement Program for its Power Generation Business Unit (PGBU), launched in 1990 with the goal of creating a Total Quality Culture throughout the organization and all phases of the operation. Total Quality was defined as "Performance Leadership in meeting customer requirements by doing the right things right the first time" and the program was based on four imperatives: customer orientation, human resource excellence, product and process leadership, and management leadership. Originally called the Westinghouse Electric Company, George Westinghouse (1846-1914) founded his manufacturing company in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on January 8, 1886. In 1889, he renamed his business The Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company. Westinghouse's primary products include turbines, generators, motors and switchgear related to the generation, transmission, and use of electricity. The company changed its name to Westinghouse Electric Corporation in 1945. In 1981, the company began to relocate its division headquarters for the Steam-Turbine Generator Divisions from Pennsylvania (turbines from Lester and generators from Pittsburgh) to Orlando, Florida. The PGBU building was located in The Quadrangle, at 4400 Alafaya Trail. Originally, Westinghouse had purchased a large plot of land for future development that extended westward from Alafaya Trail to Rouse Road. The original headquarters was located on several acres of that land parcel close to Alafaya Trail. In 1994, after a major corporate management shuffling, and a top-level decision to change from an industrial manufacturing company to primarily a broadcasting/communications company, Westinghouse bought the CBS Network and changed its name to the CBS Corporation. As the PGBU grew in size, other buildings in the area were leased and then, after PGBU was sold to Siemens Corporation of Germany in 1998, additional buildings (Quad II and Quad III) were added to the original complex at the Quadrangle. From 1998 to 2003 the Orlando operation was known as Siemens-Westinghouse, after which the name of Westinghouse was dropped. The operation has been known as Siemens from that time forward.
Original 37-page brochure, 1990: Private Collection of Harry L. Jaeger.
Westinghouse Electric Corporation, The Quadrangle, Orlando, Florida
Memorandum from P. E. Lego (May 20, 1988)
A memorandum from P. E. Lego, Chief Operating Officer of Westinghouse Electric Corporation's Energy and Utility Systems Group, regarding the restructuring of the Power Generation Business Unit (PGBU) in 1988. In 1983, the Westinghouse power generation business operation, starting with the Steam Turbine Generator Division, was taking shape in its new Orlando headquarters under the management team led by General Manager Dr. Stan Quick (under E. J. "Gene" Cattabiani, Vice President of the Power Generation Group). This series of letters, memoranda, and charts documents the changes in management leadership at the Orlando site from 1983 through 1998, when the Westinghouse Power Genration Business was acquired by Siemens. Following the announcement of the retirement of Dr. Quick in 1984, the management was led by the team of Bob Ractcliffe and Howard Pierce. In 1987, Tom Campbell was appointed General Manager of the Power Generation Technology Systems Division under Nat Woodsen and Jim Moore, Vice Presidents of the Power Systems Business Unit. In 1988, the Power Generation Business Unit (PGBU) was formed under Frank R. Bakos, Vice President and General Manager (under Executive Vice President Ted Stern), and, in 1995, Randy H. Zwirn took the helm as Vice President and General Manager of the PGBU. He remained at the executive level for 20 years, through the PGBU acquisition by Siemens in 1998 and beyond to 2016. Originally called the Westinghouse Electric Company, George Westinghouse (1846-1914) founded his manufacturing company in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on January 8, 1886. In 1889, he renamed his business The Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company. Westinghouse's primary products include turbines, generators, motors and switchgear related to the generation, transmission, and use of electricity. The company changed its name to Westinghouse Electric Corporation in 1945. In 1981, the company began to relocate its division headquarters for the Steam-Turbine Generator Divisions from Pennsylvania (turbines from Lester and generators from Pittsburgh) to Orlando. The PGBU building was located in The Quadrangle, at 4400 Alafaya Trail.
Original 1-page typed memorandum from P. E. Lego, May 20, 1988: Private Collection of Harry L. Jaeger.
Memorandum from C. A. Weeks, Thomas A. Christopher, and Raymond J. Sero (May 31, 1996)
A memorandum from C. A. Weeks, Thomas A. Christopher, and Raymond J. Sero regarding recent appointments and the restructuring of the Power Generation Business Unit (PGBU) in 1996. At the time that the memo was written, Weeks was the General Manager of the Generation Systems Division, Christopher was the General Manager of the Energy Services Divisions, and Sero was the General Manager of the Systems and Major Projects Division. In 1983, the Westinghouse power generation business operation, starting with the Steam Turbine Generator Division, was taking shape in its new Orlando headquarters under the management team led by General Manager Dr. Stan Quick (under E. J. "Gene" Cattabiani, Vice President of the Power Generation Group). This series of letters, memoranda, and charts documents the changes in management leadership at the Orlando site from 1983 through 1998, when the Westinghouse Power Genration Business was acquired by Siemens. Following the announcement of the retirement of Dr. Quick in 1984, the management was led by the team of Bob Ractcliffe and Howard Pierce. In 1987, Tom Campbell was appointed General Manager of the Power Generation Technology Systems Division under Nat Woodsen and Jim Moore, Vice Presidents of the Power Systems Business Unit. In 1988, the Power Generation Business Unit (PGBU) was formed under Frank R. Bakos, Vice President and General Manager (under Executive Vice President Ted Stern), and, in 1995, Randy H. Zwirn took the helm as Vice President and General Manager of the PGBU. He remained at the executive level for 20 years, through the PGBU acquisition by Siemens in 1998 and beyond to 2016. Originally called the Westinghouse Electric Company, George Westinghouse (1846-1914) founded his manufacturing company in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on January 8, 1886. In 1889, he renamed his business The Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company. Westinghouse's primary products include turbines, generators, motors and switchgear related to the generation, transmission, and use of electricity. The company changed its name to Westinghouse Electric Corporation in 1945. In 1981, the company began to relocate its division headquarters for the Steam-Turbine Generator Divisions from Pennsylvania (turbines from Lester and generators from Pittsburgh) to Orlando. The PGBU building was located in The Quadrangle, at 4400 Alafaya Trail.
Original 9-page typed memorandum from C. A. Weeks, Thomas A. Christopher, and Raymond J. Sero, May 31, 1996: Private Collection of Harry L. Jaeger.
Westinghouse Electric Corporation Generation Systems Division Organizational Chart
An organizational chart of Westinghouse Electric Corporation's Generation Systems Division in 1995. In 1983, the Westinghouse power generation business operation, starting with the Steam Turbine Generator Division, was taking shape in its new Orlando headquarters under the management team led by General Manager Dr. Stan Quick (under E. J. "Gene" Cattabiani, Vice President of the Power Generation Group). This series of letters, memoranda, and charts documents the changes in management leadership at the Orlando site from 1983 through 1998, when the Westinghouse Power Genration Business was acquired by Siemens. Following the announcement of the retirement of Dr. Quick in 1984, the management was led by the team of Bob Ractcliffe and Howard Pierce. In 1987, Tom Campbell was appointed General Manager of the Power Generation Technology Systems Division under Nat Woodsen and Jim Moore, Vice Presidents of the Power Systems Business Unit. In 1988, the Power Generation Business Unit (PGBU) was formed under Frank R. Bakos, Vice President and General Manager (under Executive Vice President Ted Stern), and, in 1995, Randy H. Zwirn took the helm as Vice President and General Manager of the PGBU. He remained at the executive level for 20 years, through the PGBU acquisition by Siemens in 1998 and beyond to 2016. Originally called the Westinghouse Electric Company, George Westinghouse (1846-1914) founded his manufacturing company in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on January 8, 1886. In 1889, he renamed his business The Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company. Westinghouse's primary products include turbines, generators, motors and switchgear related to the generation, transmission, and use of electricity. The company changed its name to Westinghouse Electric Corporation in 1945. In 1981, the company began to relocate its division headquarters for the Steam-Turbine Generator Divisions from Pennsylvania (turbines from Lester and generators from Pittsburgh) to Orlando. The PGBU building was located in The Quadrangle, at 4400 Alafaya Trail.
Original organizational chart, January 1995: Private Collection of Harry L. Jaeger.
Westinghouse Electric Corporation Management Structure
An organizational chart of Westinghouse Electric Corporation's management structure and its Power Generation Business Unit (PGBU) in 1994. In 1983, the Westinghouse power generation business operation, starting with the Steam Turbine Generator Division, was taking shape in its new Orlando headquarters under the management team led by General Manager Dr. Stan Quick (under E. J. "Gene" Cattabiani, Vice President of the Power Generation Group). This series of letters, memoranda, and charts documents the changes in management leadership at the Orlando site from 1983 through 1998, when the Westinghouse Power Genration Business was acquired by Siemens. Following the announcement of the retirement of Dr. Quick in 1984, the management was led by the team of Bob Ractcliffe and Howard Pierce. In 1987, Tom Campbell was appointed General Manager of the Power Generation Technology Systems Division under Nat Woodsen and Jim Moore, Vice Presidents of the Power Systems Business Unit. In 1988, the Power Generation Business Unit (PGBU) was formed under Frank R. Bakos, Vice President and General Manager (under Executive Vice President Ted Stern), and, in 1995, Randy H. Zwirn took the helm as Vice President and General Manager of the PGBU. He remained at the executive level for 20 years, through the PGBU acquisition by Siemens in 1998 and beyond to 2016. Originally called the Westinghouse Electric Company, George Westinghouse (1846-1914) founded his manufacturing company in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on January 8, 1886. In 1889, he renamed his business The Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company. Westinghouse's primary products include turbines, generators, motors and switchgear related to the generation, transmission, and use of electricity. The company changed its name to Westinghouse Electric Corporation in 1945. In 1981, the company began to relocate its division headquarters for the Steam-Turbine Generator Divisions from Pennsylvania (turbines from Lester and generators from Pittsburgh) to Orlando. The PGBU building was located in The Quadrangle, at 4400 Alafaya Trail.
Original organizational charts, April 15, 1994: Private Collection of Harry L. Jaeger.
Memorandum from H. Art Vedner and Frank R. Bakos (January 7, 1994)
A memorandum from H. Art Vedner, Controller of Westinghouse Electric Corporation's Power Generation Business Unit (PGBU), and Frank R. Bakos, Vice President and General Manager of the PGBU, regarding recent appointments in the unit in 1994. In 1983, the Westinghouse power generation business operation, starting with the Steam Turbine Generator Division, was taking shape in its new Orlando headquarters under the management team led by General Manager Dr. Stan Quick (under E. J. "Gene" Cattabiani, Vice President of the Power Generation Group). This series of letters, memoranda, and charts documents the changes in management leadership at the Orlando site from 1983 through 1998, when the Westinghouse Power Genration Business was acquired by Siemens. Following the announcement of the retirement of Dr. Quick in 1984, the management was led by the team of Bob Ractcliffe and Howard Pierce. In 1987, Tom Campbell was appointed General Manager of the Power Generation Technology Systems Division under Nat Woodsen and Jim Moore, Vice Presidents of the Power Systems Business Unit. In 1988, the Power Generation Business Unit (PGBU) was formed under Frank R. Bakos, Vice President and General Manager (under Executive Vice President Ted Stern), and, in 1995, Randy H. Zwirn took the helm as Vice President and General Manager of the PGBU. He remained at the executive level for 20 years, through the PGBU acquisition by Siemens in 1998 and beyond to 2016. Originally called the Westinghouse Electric Company, George Westinghouse (1846-1914) founded his manufacturing company in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on January 8, 1886. In 1889, he renamed his business The Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company. Westinghouse's primary products include turbines, generators, motors and switchgear related to the generation, transmission, and use of electricity. The company changed its name to Westinghouse Electric Corporation in 1945. In 1981, the company began to relocate its division headquarters for the Steam-Turbine Generator Divisions from Pennsylvania (turbines from Lester and generators from Pittsburgh) to Orlando. The PGBU building was located in The Quadrangle, at 4400 Alafaya Trail.
Original 1-page typed memorandum from H. Art Vedner and Frank R. Bakos, January 7, 1994: Private Collection of Harry L. Jaeger.
Memorandum from E. Paul Loch and Frank R. Bakos (January 7, 1994)
A memorandum from E. Paul Loch, General Manager of Westinghouse Electric Corporation's Power Generation Manufacturing Operations Divisions, and Frank R. Bakos, Vice President and General Manager of the Power Generation Business Unit (PGBU), regarding recent appointments and the restructuring of the divisions in 1994. In 1983, the Westinghouse power generation business operation, starting with the Steam Turbine Generator Division, was taking shape in its new Orlando headquarters under the management team led by General Manager Dr. Stan Quick (under E. J. "Gene" Cattabiani, Vice President of the Power Generation Group). This series of letters, memoranda, and charts documents the changes in management leadership at the Orlando site from 1983 through 1998, when the Westinghouse Power Genration Business was acquired by Siemens. Following the announcement of the retirement of Dr. Quick in 1984, the management was led by the team of Bob Ractcliffe and Howard Pierce. In 1987, Tom Campbell was appointed General Manager of the Power Generation Technology Systems Division under Nat Woodsen and Jim Moore, Vice Presidents of the Power Systems Business Unit. In 1988, the Power Generation Business Unit (PGBU) was formed under Frank R. Bakos, Vice President and General Manager (under Executive Vice President Ted Stern), and, in 1995, Randy H. Zwirn took the helm as Vice President and General Manager of the PGBU. He remained at the executive level for 20 years, through the PGBU acquisition by Siemens in 1998 and beyond to 2016. Originally called the Westinghouse Electric Company, George Westinghouse (1846-1914) founded his manufacturing company in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on January 8, 1886. In 1889, he renamed his business The Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company. Westinghouse's primary products include turbines, generators, motors and switchgear related to the generation, transmission, and use of electricity. The company changed its name to Westinghouse Electric Corporation in 1945. In 1981, the company began to relocate its division headquarters for the Steam-Turbine Generator Divisions from Pennsylvania (turbines from Lester and generators from Pittsburgh) to Orlando. The PGBU building was located in The Quadrangle, at 4400 Alafaya Trail.
Original 1-page typed memorandum from E. Paul Loch and Frank R. Bakos, January 7, 1994: Private Collection of Harry L. Jaeger.
Memorandum from Romano Salvatori and Frank R. Bakos (January 7, 1994)
A memorandum from Romano Salvatori, Deputy General Manager of Westinghouse Electric Corporation's Power Generation Business Unit (PGBU), and Frank R. Bakos, Vice President and General Manager of the PGBU, regarding recent appointments and the restructuring of the unit in 1994. In 1983, the Westinghouse power generation business operation, starting with the Steam Turbine Generator Division, was taking shape in its new Orlando headquarters under the management team led by General Manager Dr. Stan Quick (under E. J. "Gene" Cattabiani, Vice President of the Power Generation Group). This series of letters, memoranda, and charts documents the changes in management leadership at the Orlando site from 1983 through 1998, when the Westinghouse Power Genration Business was acquired by Siemens. Following the announcement of the retirement of Dr. Quick in 1984, the management was led by the team of Bob Ractcliffe and Howard Pierce. In 1987, Tom Campbell was appointed General Manager of the Power Generation Technology Systems Division under Nat Woodsen and Jim Moore, Vice Presidents of the Power Systems Business Unit. In 1988, the Power Generation Business Unit (PGBU) was formed under Frank R. Bakos, Vice President and General Manager (under Executive Vice President Ted Stern), and, in 1995, Randy H. Zwirn took the helm as Vice President and General Manager of the PGBU. He remained at the executive level for 20 years, through the PGBU acquisition by Siemens in 1998 and beyond to 2016. Originally called the Westinghouse Electric Company, George Westinghouse (1846-1914) founded his manufacturing company in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on January 8, 1886. In 1889, he renamed his business The Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company. Westinghouse's primary products include turbines, generators, motors and switchgear related to the generation, transmission, and use of electricity. The company changed its name to Westinghouse Electric Corporation in 1945. In 1981, the company began to relocate its division headquarters for the Steam-Turbine Generator Divisions from Pennsylvania (turbines from Lester and generators from Pittsburgh) to Orlando. The PGBU building was located in The Quadrangle, at 4400 Alafaya Trail.
Original 3-page typed memorandum from Romano Salvatori and Frank R. Bakos, January 7, 1994: Private Collection of Harry L. Jaeger.
Memorandum from Frank R. Bakos (January 7, 1994)
A memorandum from Frank R. Bakos, Vice President and General Manager of Westinghouse Electric Corporation's Power Generation Business Unit (PGBU), regarding recent appointments and the restructuring of the PGBU in 1994. In 1983, the Westinghouse power generation business operation, starting with the Steam Turbine Generator Division, was taking shape in its new Orlando headquarters under the management team led by General Manager Dr. Stan Quick (under E. J. "Gene" Cattabiani, Vice President of the Power Generation Group). This series of letters, memoranda, and charts documents the changes in management leadership at the Orlando site from 1983 through 1998, when the Westinghouse Power Genration Business was acquired by Siemens. Following the announcement of the retirement of Dr. Quick in 1984, the management was led by the team of Bob Ractcliffe and Howard Pierce. In 1987, Tom Campbell was appointed General Manager of the Power Generation Technology Systems Division under Nat Woodsen and Jim Moore, Vice Presidents of the Power Systems Business Unit. In 1988, the Power Generation Business Unit (PGBU) was formed under Frank R. Bakos, Vice President and General Manager (under Executive Vice President Ted Stern), and, in 1995, Randy H. Zwirn took the helm as Vice President and General Manager of the PGBU. He remained at the executive level for 20 years, through the PGBU acquisition by Siemens in 1998 and beyond to 2016. Originally called the Westinghouse Electric Company, George Westinghouse (1846-1914) founded his manufacturing company in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on January 8, 1886. In 1889, he renamed his business The Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company. Westinghouse's primary products include turbines, generators, motors and switchgear related to the generation, transmission, and use of electricity. The company changed its name to Westinghouse Electric Corporation in 1945. In 1981, the company began to relocate its division headquarters for the Steam-Turbine Generator Divisions from Pennsylvania (turbines from Lester and generators from Pittsburgh) to Orlando. The PGBU building was located in The Quadrangle, at 4400 Alafaya Trail.
Original 3-page typed memorandum from Frank R. Bakos, January 7, 1994: Private Collection of Harry L. Jaeger.
Memorandum from Frank R. Bakos (November 20, 1990)
A memorandum from Frank R. Bakos, Vice President and General Manager of Westinghouse Electric Corporation's Power Generation Business Unit (PGBU), regarding recent appointments and the restructuring of the PGBU in 1990. In 1983, the Westinghouse power generation business operation, starting with the Steam Turbine Generator Division, was taking shape in its new Orlando headquarters under the management team led by General Manager Dr. Stan Quick (under E. J. "Gene" Cattabiani, Vice President of the Power Generation Group). This series of letters, memoranda, and charts documents the changes in management leadership at the Orlando site from 1983 through 1998, when the Westinghouse Power Genration Business was acquired by Siemens. Following the announcement of the retirement of Dr. Quick in 1984, the management was led by the team of Bob Ractcliffe and Howard Pierce. In 1987, Tom Campbell was appointed General Manager of the Power Generation Technology Systems Division under Nat Woodsen and Jim Moore, Vice Presidents of the Power Systems Business Unit. In 1988, the Power Generation Business Unit (PGBU) was formed under Frank R. Bakos, Vice President and General Manager (under Executive Vice President Ted Stern), and, in 1995, Randy H. Zwirn took the helm as Vice President and General Manager of the PGBU. He remained at the executive level for 20 years, through the PGBU acquisition by Siemens in 1998 and beyond to 2016. Originally called the Westinghouse Electric Company, George Westinghouse (1846-1914) founded his manufacturing company in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on January 8, 1886. In 1889, he renamed his business The Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company. Westinghouse's primary products include turbines, generators, motors and switchgear related to the generation, transmission, and use of electricity. The company changed its name to Westinghouse Electric Corporation in 1945. In 1981, the company began to relocate its division headquarters for the Steam-Turbine Generator Divisions from Pennsylvania (turbines from Lester and generators from Pittsburgh) to Orlando. The PGBU building was located in The Quadrangle, at 4400 Alafaya Trail.
Original 7-page typed memorandum from Frank R. Bakos, November 20, 1990: Private Collection of Harry L. Jaeger.
Memorandum from Romano Salvatori and Frank Bakos (November 20, 1990)
A memorandum from Romano Salvatori, General Manager of Westinghouse Electric Corporation's Power Generation Commercial Operations Divisions, and Frank R. Bakos, Vice President and General Manager of the Power Generation Business Unit (PGBU), regarding recent appointments and the restructuring of the Power Generation Projects Divisions in 1990. In 1983, the Westinghouse power generation business operation, starting with the Steam Turbine Generator Division, was taking shape in its new Orlando headquarters under the management team led by General Manager Dr. Stan Quick (under E. J. "Gene" Cattabiani, Vice President of the Power Generation Group). This series of letters, memoranda, and charts documents the changes in management leadership at the Orlando site from 1983 through 1998, when the Westinghouse Power Genration Business was acquired by Siemens. Following the announcement of the retirement of Dr. Quick in 1984, the management was led by the team of Bob Ractcliffe and Howard Pierce. In 1987, Tom Campbell was appointed General Manager of the Power Generation Technology Systems Division under Nat Woodsen and Jim Moore, Vice Presidents of the Power Systems Business Unit. In 1988, the Power Generation Business Unit (PGBU) was formed under Frank R. Bakos, Vice President and General Manager (under Executive Vice President Ted Stern), and, in 1995, Randy H. Zwirn took the helm as Vice President and General Manager of the PGBU. He remained at the executive level for 20 years, through the PGBU acquisition by Siemens in 1998 and beyond to 2016. Originally called the Westinghouse Electric Company, George Westinghouse (1846-1914) founded his manufacturing company in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on January 8, 1886. In 1889, he renamed his business The Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company. Westinghouse's primary products include turbines, generators, motors and switchgear related to the generation, transmission, and use of electricity. The company changed its name to Westinghouse Electric Corporation in 1945. In 1981, the company began to relocate its division headquarters for the Steam-Turbine Generator Divisions from Pennsylvania (turbines from Lester and generators from Pittsburgh) to Orlando. The PGBU building was located in The Quadrangle, at 4400 Alafaya Trail.
Original 2-page typed memorandum from Romano Salvatori and Frank R. Bakos, November 20, 1990: Private Collection of Harry L. Jaeger.
Memorandum from Romano Salvatori and Frank R. Bakos (November 20, 1990)
A memorandum from Romano Salvatori, General Manager of Westinghouse Electric Corporation's Power Generation Commercial Operations Divisions, and Frank R. Bakos, Vice President and General Manager of the Power Generation Business Unit (PGBU), regarding recent appointments and the restructuring of the Power Generation Commercial Operations Divisions in 1990. In 1983, the Westinghouse power generation business operation, starting with the Steam Turbine Generator Division, was taking shape in its new Orlando headquarters under the management team led by General Manager Dr. Stan Quick (under E. J. "Gene" Cattabiani, Vice President of the Power Generation Group). This series of letters, memoranda, and charts documents the changes in management leadership at the Orlando site from 1983 through 1998, when the Westinghouse Power Genration Business was acquired by Siemens. Following the announcement of the retirement of Dr. Quick in 1984, the management was led by the team of Bob Ractcliffe and Howard Pierce. In 1987, Tom Campbell was appointed General Manager of the Power Generation Technology Systems Division under Nat Woodsen and Jim Moore, Vice Presidents of the Power Systems Business Unit. In 1988, the Power Generation Business Unit (PGBU) was formed under Frank R. Bakos, Vice President and General Manager (under Executive Vice President Ted Stern), and, in 1995, Randy H. Zwirn took the helm as Vice President and General Manager of the PGBU. He remained at the executive level for 20 years, through the PGBU acquisition by Siemens in 1998 and beyond to 2016. Originally called the Westinghouse Electric Company, George Westinghouse (1846-1914) founded his manufacturing company in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on January 8, 1886. In 1889, he renamed his business The Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company. Westinghouse's primary products include turbines, generators, motors and switchgear related to the generation, transmission, and use of electricity. The company changed its name to Westinghouse Electric Corporation in 1945. In 1981, the company began to relocate its division headquarters for the Steam-Turbine Generator Divisions from Pennsylvania (turbines from Lester and generators from Pittsburgh) to Orlando. The PGBU building was located in The Quadrangle, at 4400 Alafaya Trail.
Original 1-page typed memorandum from Romano Salvatori and Frank R. Bakos, November 20, 1990: Private Collection of Harry L. Jaeger.
Memorandum from Dominic A. Bartol (August 14, 1989)
A memorandum from Dominic A. Bartol, General Manager of Westinghouse Electric Corporation's Power Generation Business Unit's (PGBU) Engineering Department, regarding the restructuring of the division in 1989. In 1983, the Westinghouse power generation business operation, starting with the Steam Turbine Generator Division, was taking shape in its new Orlando headquarters under the management team led by General Manager Dr. Stan Quick (under E. J. "Gene" Cattabiani, Vice President of the Power Generation Group). This series of letters, memoranda, and charts documents the changes in management leadership at the Orlando site from 1983 through 1998, when the Westinghouse Power Genration Business was acquired by Siemens. Following the announcement of the retirement of Dr. Quick in 1984, the management was led by the team of Bob Ractcliffe and Howard Pierce. In 1987, Tom Campbell was appointed General Manager of the Power Generation Technology Systems Division under Nat Woodsen and Jim Moore, Vice Presidents of the Power Systems Business Unit. In 1988, the Power Generation Business Unit (PGBU) was formed under Frank R. Bakos, Vice President and General Manager (under Executive Vice President Ted Stern), and, in 1995, Randy H. Zwirn took the helm as Vice President and General Manager of the PGBU. He remained at the executive level for 20 years, through the PGBU acquisition by Siemens in 1998 and beyond to 2016. Originally called the Westinghouse Electric Company, George Westinghouse (1846-1914) founded his manufacturing company in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on January 8, 1886. In 1889, he renamed his business The Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company. Westinghouse's primary products include turbines, generators, motors and switchgear related to the generation, transmission, and use of electricity. The company changed its name to Westinghouse Electric Corporation in 1945. In 1981, the company began to relocate its division headquarters for the Steam-Turbine Generator Divisions from Pennsylvania (turbines from Lester and generators from Pittsburgh) to Orlando. The PGBU building was located in The Quadrangle, at 4400 Alafaya Trail.
Original 16-page typed memorandum from Dominic A. Bartol, August 14, 1989: Private Collection of Harry L. Jaeger.
Westinghouse Electric Power Generation Projects Division Organizational Charts
An organizational chart of Westinghouse Electric Corporation's Power Generation Projects Division in 1989. In 1983, the Westinghouse power generation business operation, starting with the Steam Turbine Generator Division, was taking shape in its new Orlando headquarters under the management team led by General Manager Dr. Stan Quick (under E. J. "Gene" Cattabiani, Vice President of the Power Generation Group). This series of letters, memoranda, and charts documents the changes in management leadership at the Orlando site from 1983 through 1998, when the Westinghouse Power Genration Business was acquired by Siemens. Following the announcement of the retirement of Dr. Quick in 1984, the management was led by the team of Bob Ractcliffe and Howard Pierce. In 1987, Tom Campbell was appointed General Manager of the Power Generation Technology Systems Division under Nat Woodsen and Jim Moore, Vice Presidents of the Power Systems Business Unit. In 1988, the Power Generation Business Unit (PGBU) was formed under Frank R. Bakos, Vice President and General Manager (under Executive Vice President Ted Stern), and, in 1995, Randy H. Zwirn took the helm as Vice President and General Manager of the PGBU. He remained at the executive level for 20 years, through the PGBU acquisition by Siemens in 1998 and beyond to 2016. Originally called the Westinghouse Electric Company, George Westinghouse (1846-1914) founded his manufacturing company in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on January 8, 1886. In 1889, he renamed his business The Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company. Westinghouse's primary products include turbines, generators, motors and switchgear related to the generation, transmission, and use of electricity. The company changed its name to Westinghouse Electric Corporation in 1945. In 1981, the company began to relocate its division headquarters for the Steam-Turbine Generator Divisions from Pennsylvania (turbines from Lester and generators from Pittsburgh) to Orlando. The PGBU building was located in The Quadrangle, at 4400 Alafaya Trail.
Original organizational charts, June 16, 1989: Private Collection of Harry L. Jaeger.
Memorandum from Romano Salvatori (April 17, 1989)
A memorandum from Romano Salvatori, General Manager of Westinghouse Electric Corporation's Power Generation Projects Division (PPDD), regarding the restructuring of the division in 1989. In 1983, the Westinghouse power generation business operation, starting with the Steam Turbine Generator Division, was taking shape in its new Orlando headquarters under the management team led by General Manager Dr. Stan Quick (under E. J. "Gene" Cattabiani, Vice President of the Power Generation Group). This series of letters, memoranda, and charts documents the changes in management leadership at the Orlando site from 1983 through 1998, when the Westinghouse Power Genration Business was acquired by Siemens. Following the announcement of the retirement of Dr. Quick in 1984, the management was led by the team of Bob Ractcliffe and Howard Pierce. In 1987, Tom Campbell was appointed General Manager of the Power Generation Technology Systems Division under Nat Woodsen and Jim Moore, Vice Presidents of the Power Systems Business Unit. In 1988, the Power Generation Business Unit (PGBU) was formed under Frank R. Bakos, Vice President and General Manager (under Executive Vice President Ted Stern), and, in 1995, Randy H. Zwirn took the helm as Vice President and General Manager of the PGBU. He remained at the executive level for 20 years, through the PGBU acquisition by Siemens in 1998 and beyond to 2016. Originally called the Westinghouse Electric Company, George Westinghouse (1846-1914) founded his manufacturing company in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on January 8, 1886. In 1889, he renamed his business The Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company. Westinghouse's primary products include turbines, generators, motors and switchgear related to the generation, transmission, and use of electricity. The company changed its name to Westinghouse Electric Corporation in 1945. In 1981, the company began to relocate its division headquarters for the Steam-Turbine Generator Divisions from Pennsylvania (turbines from Lester and generators from Pittsburgh) to Orlando. The PGBU building was located in The Quadrangle, at 4400 Alafaya Trail.
Original 3-page typed memorandum from Romano Salvatori, April 17, 1989: Private Collection of Harry L. Jaeger.