A newspaper article by Ruby Haskins Ellis, published in The Evening Star on March 21, 1935. The article chronicles the genealogy of the Coe surname, which likely dates back to John Coo I (b. 1340) in Essex, England. According to the article, Coo joined Sir John Hawkwood in his military campaigns in Italy. The Coe family of New England was established by Robert Coe (b.1596), eighth in descent from Coo. A clothmaker, Robert Coe joined the Puritans on the ship Francis during the Puritan emigration from England in 1634. First landing in Watertown, Massachusetts, Coe migrated to Wethersfield, Connecticut, the following year, and later to Long Island, New York, where he founded the town of Jamaica in 1658. Famous Coes in Florida include William Henry Coe (1824-1879), the founder of Glencoe, and his son, Captain Charles Henry Coe (1856-1954), author of Red Patriots: The Story of the Seminoles (1898).
Original newspaper article: Ellis, Ruby Haskins. "Who Are You?: The Romance of Your Name." The Evening Star, March 21, 1935: Private Collection of Andrew M. Foster.
Boxford, Suffolk, England, United Kingdom
Jamaica, Queens, New York City, New York
Letter from Herbert Hoover to Charles Henry Coe (November 15, 1928)
A letter of correspondence from Herbert Hoover (1874-1964) to Captain Charles Henry Coe (1856-1954), author of Red Patriots: The Story of the Seminoles (1898). In the letter, Hoover thanks Capt. Coe for his message of confidence and good wishes. Capt. Coe's message was likely regarding the Election of 1928, as it was sent the day after the election on November 7. Hoover ultimately did win the election, becoming President of the United States. Hoover served from 1929 until 1933, and is best known for his insufficient response to the Wall Street Crash of 1929 and the Great Depression.
Original letter from Herbert Hoover to Charles Henry Coe, November 15, 1928: Private Collection of Andrew M. Foster.
Stanford University, Stanford, California
An advertisement for the sale of The Buccaneer, a yacht owned by Captain Charles Henry Coe (1856-1954). The Navy-built 30-by-9 foot, 5-ton cabin cruiser included a 4-cycle Lathrop engine and was docked at the city dock in Melbourne, Florida, at the time that the ad was published. Capt. Coe spent 20 years traveling the Florida coast in The Buccaneer. This advertisement was first posted in 1932, but the yacht was not sold until 1942. Capt. Coe's next boat was called The Buccaneer II. Coe was born in Torrington, Connecticut, on February 3, 1856, to William Henry Coe (1824-1879), who founded the town of Glencoe, and Deborah Little Archer Coe (1824-1912). In 1874, his family migrated to Jacksonville, Florida, due to his father's poor health. At age 18, Coe began working for the Jacksonville Tri-Weekly Union. In 1875, Coe moved to New Smyrna Beach and started his first newspaper, The Florida Star. Coe was appointed Deputy Collector of Customs for the port at New Smyrna in 1879, after his father died. In 1880, Coe moved to Glencoe and began producing photographs. Seven years later, the moved to back to Torrington, where the met and married Emma Sophia Johnson (1846-1931). The following year, Coe moved to Asheville, North Carolina, and then later to Highlands, where the established The Highlands Star. In 1889, the moved to Washington, D.C. to work for the Government Printing Office (GPO). Coe published Red Patriots: The Story of the Seminoles (1898), a book about the plight of the Seminole tribe. A copy of Red Patriots was given to every member of Congress, which later passed legislation allowing Seminole land rights in Florida. In 1912, Coe returned to Florida and spent the next 20 years traveling the coast in his cabin cruiser called The Buccaneer. After retiring from the GPO in 1921, Coe spent much of his time exploring Florida's coast as an amateur archaeologist and publishing books, including Juggling a Rope (1927) and The Art of Knife Throwing (1931). He died of pneumonia on March 23, 1954.
Original advertisement: Private Collection of Andrew M. Foster.
A newspaper article by Captain Charles Henry Coe (1856-1954) regarding veterans in Florida Keys during the hurricane season. In the article, Capt. Coe argues that there is "no reasonable excuse for allowing the veterans to remain on low-lying keys in flimsily constructed shacks" during the hurricane season. Coe also criticizes the authorities in charge of the veterans' camps for not evacuating its residents by prearranged transportation.
Original newspaper article: Coe, Charles Henry. "The Playground of Hurricanes." The Palm Beach Post: Private Collection of Andrew M. Foster.
The Palm Beach Post
The historic marker for a site that was once believed to be the ruins of a Spanish mission dating back to the time of Christopher Columbus. In his book, titled Debunking the So-Called Spanish Mission Near New Smyrna Beach, Volusia County, Florida (1941), Captain Charles Henry Coe (1856-1954) demonstrates that the ruins were actually the Cruger and DePeyster Sugar Mill, which was located two miles west of New Smyrna, Florida. For many years, the old sugar mill was mistaken for the ruins of a Spanish mission with origins dating back to the time of Christopher Columbus. The steam sugar and saw mill was destroyed by Native Americans in 1845, just five years after it was erected. Also known as the New Smyrna Sugar Mill Ruins, the ruins are located at 600 Old Mission Road in New Smyrna Beach and were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1970. Capt. Coe requested that the marker be removed in 1941 and the State of Florida compiled, but little was known about the marker's whereabouts for rest of the century. A few decades after its removal, the marker was recovered and donated to the New Smyrna Museum of History. This particular photograph was taken sometime before the marker was removed.
Original black and white photographs: Private Collection of Andrew M. Foster.
New Smyrna Sugar Mill Ruins, New Smyrna Beach, Florida
Marjorie Harris Carr Cross Florida Greenway (Fla.
A newspaper article by Captain Charles Henry Coe (1856-1954) regarding the Cross Florida Barge Canal, also known as the Marjorie Harris Carr Cross Florida Greenway. In 1935, President Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882-1945) allocated $5 million to construct a canal that would link the Atlantic Ocean to the Gulf of Mexico. Construction was cancelled a year later due to strong opposition from some locals. In 1942, the canal project was reauthorized. In the article, which was published on April 12, 1942, Capt. Coe makes a number of arguments against the construction of a new canal. According to the author, there was already a waterway cutting across the state of Florida from the St. Lucie Inlet to Fort Myers. The project did not continue, as the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) never received the funds to begin construction. Attempts to complete the project again resurfaced in 1963 and construction recommenced the following year. However, the project was again halted in 1971 and the project was officially cancelled in 1991. In 1998, the canal was renamed the Marjorie Harris Carr Cross Florida Greenway, in honor of Marjorie Harris Carr (1915-1997), who was a leading opponent of the project.
Original newspaper article: Coe, Charles Henry. "Cross-Florida Waterway." The Palm Beach Post, April 12, 1942: Private Collection of Andrew M. Foster.
Marjorie Harris Carr Cross Florida Greenway, Florida
A brochure for the New Smyrna Sugar Mill Ruins, located at 600 Old Mission Road in New Smyrna Beach, Florida. For many years, the site, also known as the Cruger and DePeyster Sugar Mill, was mistaken for the ruins of a Spanish mission with origins dating back to the time of Christopher Columbus (ca. 1451-1506). This misconception led Captain Charles Henry Coe (1856-1954) to publish Debunking the So-Called Spanish Mission Near New Smyrna Beach, Volusia County, Florida in 1941. The steam sugar and saw mill was destroyed by Native Americans in 1845, just five years after it was erected. The ruins were added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 1970.
Original 6-fold brochure: Sugar Mill Ruins. 2012. New Smyrna, FL: New Smyrna Beach Area Visitors Bureau: Private Collection of Andrew M. Foster.
New Smyrna Beach Area Visitors Bureau
Debunking the So-Called Spanish Mission Near New Smyrna Beach, Volusia County, Florida
Debunking the So-Called Spanish Mission Near New Smyrna Beach, Volusia County, Florida by Captain Charles Henry Coe (1856-1954). The book challenges the misconception that a site located two miles west of New Smyrna was the ruins of a Spanish mission dating back to the time of Christopher Columbus. In the book, Captain Coe demonstrates that the ruins were of a steam sugar and saw mill that was destroyed by Native Americans in 1845, just five years after it was erected. Also known as the New Smyrna Sugar Mill Ruins, the ruins are located at 600 Old Mission Road in New Smyrna Beach and were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1970. Coe was born in Torrington, Connecticut, on February 3, 1856, to William Henry Coe (1824-1879), who founded the town of Glencoe, and Deborah Little Archer Coe (1824-1912). In 1874, his family migrated to Jacksonville, Florida, due to his father's poor health. At age 18, Coe began working for the Jacksonville Tri-Weekly Union. In 1875, Coe moved to New Smyrna Beach and started his first newspaper, The Florida Star. Coe was appointed Deputy Collector of Customs for the port at New Smyrna in 1879, after his father died. In 1880, Coe moved to Glencoe and began producing photographs. Seven years later, the moved to back to Torrington, where the met and married Emma Sophia Johnson (1846-1931). The following year, Coe moved to Asheville, North Carolina, and then later to Highlands, where the established The Highlands Star. In 1889, the moved to Washington, D.C. to work for the Government Printing Office (GPO). Coe published Red Patriots: The Story of the Seminoles (1898), a book about the plight of the Seminole tribe. A copy of Red Patriots was given to every member of Congress, which later passed legislation allowing Seminole land rights in Florida. In 1912, Coe returned to Florida and spent the next 20 years traveling the coast in his cabin cruiser called The Buccaneer. After retiring from the GPO in 1921, Coe spent much of his time exploring Florida's coast as an amateur archaeologist and publishing books, including Juggling a Rope (1927) and The Art of Knife Throwing (1931). He died of pneumonia on March 23, 1954.
Original book cover: Coe, Charles Henry. Debunking the so-Called Spanish Mission Near New Smyrna Beach, Volusia County, Florida. Daytona Beach, FL: Fitzgerald Publications, 1941: Private Collection of Andrew M. Foster.
A newspaper article about Dr. John Milton Hawks (1826-1910), the founder of Hawks Park (present-day Edgewater). The article was written by Captain Charles Henry Coe (1856-1954), author of Red Patriots: The Story of the Seminoles and a friend of Dr. Hawks. Dr. Hawks was born in Bradford, New Hampshire, on November 26, 1826. After teaching in New Hampshire, New York, and Georgia, Dr. Hawks eventually graduated from a medical college in Vermont. During the Civil War, Dr. Hawks and his wife, Dr. Esther Jane Hill Hawks (1833-1906), became involved in the abolition movement via the Freedman's Aid Society. Dr. Hawks was assigned to Hilton Head, South Carolina, where they assisted in forming an African-American regiment and served as its surgeon. Following the war, Dr. Hawks, along with several Army officers, organized the Florida Land and Lumber Company and purchased land in Port Orange, Florida, north of Spruce Creek, for the purpose of establishing a freedmen's colony. Dr. Hawks remained and served as the town's first postmaster. Many of the South Carolinians who migrated here eventually left due to the area's poor soil. The company also attempted to establish a steam sawmill in Port Orange, but the project was ultimately abandoned. In 1865, Dr. Hawks also bought a Spanish land grant for property two miles south of New Smyrna, which the would later retire to and name Hawks Park. From 1866 to 1867, Dr. Hawks served as the Collector of Customs at Pensacola. In 1871, Governor Harrison Reed appointed Dr. Hawks the Superintendent of Schools for Volusia County. During that same year, Dr. Hawks compiled and published the Florida Gazetteer.Dr. Hawks died on April 2, 1910.
Original newspaper article: "The Late Dr. John Milton Hawks." The Daytona Beach Observer, August 30, 1941: Private Collection of Andrew M. Foster.
A commemorative booklet published in 1993 or 1994 by Westinghouse's Power Generation Business Unit (PGBU) in Orlando, Florida, to celebrate 100 years of "Westinghouse Power Generation." The booklet tells the history from the founding of the business by George Westinghouse (1846-1914) and its continuing progress through 100 years of service to the electric utility industry and other industrial customers worldwide. The booklet also describes the products and services, technology and manufacturing capabilities of the Power Generation Business Unit of the early 1990s. Originally called the Westinghouse Electric Company, George Westinghouse founded his manufacturing company in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on January 8, 1886. In 1889, he renamed his business the The Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company. Westinghouse's primary products include turbines, generators, motors and switchgear related to the generation, transmission, and use of electricity. The company changed its name to Westinghouse Electric Corporation in 1945. In 1981, the company began to relocate its divison headquarters for the Steam-Turbine Generator Divisions from Pennsylvania (turbines from Lester and generators from Pittsburgh) to Orlando, Florida. The Power Generation Business Unit (PGBU) building was located in The Quadrangle, at 4400 Alafaya Trail. Originally, Westinghouse had purchased a large plot of land for future development that extended westward from Alafaya Trail to Rouse Road. The original headquarters was located on several acres of that land parcel close to Alafaya Trail. In 1994, after a major corporate management shuffling, and a top-level decision to change from an industrial manufacturing company to primarily a broadcasting/communications company, Westinghouse bought the CBS Network and changed its name to the CBS Corporation. As the PGBU grew in size, other buildings in the area were leased and then, after PGBU was sold to Siemens Corporation of Germany in 1998, additional buildings (Quad II and Quad III) were added to the original complex at the Quadrangle. From 1998 to 2003 the Orlando operation was known as Siemens-Westinghouse, after which the name of Westinghouse was dropped. The operation has been known as Siemens from that time forward.
Westinghouse Electric Company, Turtle Creek, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Westinghouse Power Generation Business Unit, Orlando, Florida
Westinghouse Electric Corporation Model W21 Industrial Gas Turbine
The first Westinghouse industrial gas turbine installation. It was installed by Mississippi River Fuel Corporation at Wilmar, Arkansas, and started operation in March of 1949. The turbine was used for a mechanical drive application (possibly a fuel-gas compressor) and rated at approximately 1800 hp (1340 kW). The turbine had dual-fuel capability, meaning that it could burn with distillate oil or natural gas. The unit ran in continuous service for many years before being retired later in the 20th century. There were also four other W21 units installed during the 1950s. Originally called the Westinghouse Electric Company, George Westinghouse (1846-1914) founded his manufacturing company in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on January 8, 1886. In 1889, he renamed his business the The Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company. Westinghouse's primary products include turbines, generators, motors and switchgear related to the generation, transmission, and use of electricity. The company changed its name to Westinghouse Electric Corporation in 1945. The company relocated its Steam Turbine Generator Divisions from Pennsylvania (turbines from Lester and generators from Pittsburgh) to Orlando, Florida, beginning in 1981. The Power Generation Business Unit (PGBU) building was located in The Quadrangle, at 4400 Alafaya Trail. Originally, Westinghouse had purchased a large plot of land for future development that extended westward from Alafaya Trail to Rouse Road. The original headquarters was located on several acres of that land parcel close to Alafaya Trail. As the PGBU grew in size, other buildings were rented and then, after PGBU was sold to Siemens Corporation, additional buildings were added to the complex. In 1994, after a major management shuffling and commitment to change from an industrial manufacturing company to primarily a broadcasting/communications company, Westinghouse bought CBS network. It then changed its name to the CBS Corporation.
Westinghouse Electric Corporation Power Generation Business Unit
Westinghouse Electric Corporation's Power Generation Business Unit (PGBU) in Lester, Pennsylvania. The plant seen in this aerial photograph first opened operations around 1890. It included a foundry and forging shop, a steam turbine blade shop, a turbine diaphragm shop, several heavy and light machine shops, a steam turbine assembly (or erecting) shop, a gas turbine manufacturing shop, rotating test facility and development laboratory, various other laboratories, an on-site power house, sewage disposal system and fire department, the offices and manufacturing facilities of the Heat Transfer Division, as well as the office facilities housing the Steam Turbine and Gas Turbine Divisions. During the late 1960s and early 1970s, some of the steam turbine manufacturing facilities located at the Lester plant were closed and replaced with new plants built in Charlotte and Winston-Salem, North Carolina. Over the period of 1980 to 1983, non-manufacturing personnel of the Steam Turbine Division were relocated to new headquarters in Orlando, Florida. In 1985 all gas turbine manufacturing was transferred to Westinghouse Canada, in Hamilton, Ontario, and also contracted out to Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI) of Japan. The Lester plant was closed in 1986, almost 100 years after it started operation. During World War II, the Lester plant was converted to supplying heavy military equipment for the war effort. It is believed that the peak employment level at the site was on the order of 15,000. Originally called the Westinghouse Electric Company, George Westinghouse (1846-1914) founded his manufacturing company in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on January 8, 1886. In 1889, he renamed his business The Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company. Westinghouse's primary products include turbines, generators, motors and switchgear related to the generation, transmission, and use of electricity. The company changed its name to Westinghouse Electric Corporation in 1945. In 1981, the company began to relocate its division headquarters for the Steam-Turbine Generator Divisions from Pennsylvania (turbines from Lester and generators from Pittsburgh) to Orlando, Florida. The Power Generation Business Unit (PGBU) building was located in The Quadrangle, at 4400 Alafaya Trail. Originally, Westinghouse had purchased a large plot of land for future development that extended westward from Alafaya Trail to Rouse Road. The original headquarters was located on several acres of that land parcel close to Alafaya Trail. In 1994, after a major corporate management shuffling, and a top-level decision to change from an industrial manufacturing company to primarily a broadcasting/communications company, Westinghouse bought the CBS Network and changed its name to the CBS Corporation. As the PGBU grew in size, other buildings in the area were leased and then, after PGBU was sold to Siemens Corporation of Germany in 1998, additional buildings (Quad II and Quad III) were added to the original complex at the Quadrangle. From 1998 to 2003 the Orlando operation was known as Siemens-Westinghouse, after which the name of Westinghouse was dropped. The operation has been known as Siemens from that time forward.
Westinghouse Electric Corporation Power Generation Business Headquarters, Lester, Pennsylvania
Letter from Dr. John Milton Hawks to Charles Henry Coe (April 3, 1909)
A letter of correspondence from Dr. John Milton Hawks (1826-1910), the founder of Hawks Park (present-day Edgewater), to Captain Charles Henry Coe (1856-1954), author of Red Patriots: The Story of the Seminoles. In the letter, Dr. Hawks discusses the Cruger and DePeyster Sugar Mill, which was located two miles west of New Smyrna, Florida. For many years, the old sugar mill was mistaken for the ruins of a Spanish mission with origins dating back to the time of Christopher Columbus. This misconception led Captain Coe to publish Debunking the So-Called Spanish Mission Near New Smyrna Beach, Volusia County, Florida in 1941. The steam sugar and saw mill was destroyed by Native Americans in 1845, just five years after it was erected. Also known as the New Smyrna Sugar Mill Ruins, the ruins are located at 600 Old Mission Road in New Smyrna Beach and were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1970.
Original letter from Dr. John Milton Hawks to Charles Henry Coe, April 3, 1909: Private Collection of Andrew M. Foster.
An article published in The Generation Gap, Westinghouse Electric Corporation's newsletter, regarding the relocation of the company's Steam Turbine-Generator Division (STGD) from Lester and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania to Orlando, Florida, starting in 1982. A new headquarters building was being constructed at The Quadrangle, at the corner of Alafaya Trail and University Boulevard. Temporary office space was located in a renovated shopping center on East Colonial Drive. Shown in photographs on the second page are executives uncovering the cornerstone of the new building (dated February of 1982), but the building was not ready to have it installed as yet. Originally called the Westinghouse Electric Company, George Westinghouse (1846-1914) founded his manufacturing company in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on January 8, 1886. In 1889, he renamed his business the The Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company. Westinghouse's primary products include turbines, generators, motors and switchgear related to the generation, transmission, and use of electricity. The company changed its name to Westinghouse Electric Corporation in 1945. The company relocated its Steam Turbine Generator Divisions from Pennsylvania (turbines from Lester and generators from Pittsburgh) to Orlando, Florida, beginning in 1981. The Power Generation Business Unit (PGBU) building was located in The Quadrangle, at 4400 Alafaya Trail. Originally, Westinghouse had purchased a large plot of land for future development that extended westward from Alafaya Trail to Rouse Road. The original headquarters was located on several acres of that land parcel close to Alafaya Trail. As the PGBU grew in size, other buildings were rented and then, after PGBU was sold to Siemens Corporation, additional buildings were added to the complex. In 1994, after a major management shuffling and commitment to change from an industrial manufacturing company to primarily a broadcasting/communications company, Westinghouse bought CBS network. It then changed its name to the CBS Corporation.
Westinghouse Communications Department (for Power Generation Marketing Dept.)
Original 4-page article: The Generation Gap, Spring 1982: Private Collection of Harry Jaeger.
In April of 1987, the Combustion Turbine Systems Division of Westinghouse Electric Corporation was relocated from its prior headquarters in Concordville, Pennsylvania to the World Headquarters of Westinghouse Power Generation located at The Quadrangle, on Alafaya Trail, across from the University of Central in Orlando, Florida. This advertisement was prepared shortly after the move. Originally called the Westinghouse Electric Company, George Westinghouse (1846-1914) founded his manufacturing company in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on January 8, 1886. In 1889, he renamed his business The Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company. Westinghouse's primary products include turbines, generators, motors and switchgear related to the generation, transmission, and use of electricity. The company changed its name to Westinghouse Electric Corporation in 1945. In 1981, the company began to relocate its division headquarters for the Steam-Turbine Generator Divisions from Pennsylvania (turbines from Lester and generators from Pittsburgh) to Orlando, Florida. The Power Generation Business Unit (PGBU) building was located in The Quadrangle, at 4400 Alafaya Trail. Originally, Westinghouse had purchased a large plot of land for future development that extended westward from Alafaya Trail to Rouse Road. The original headquarters was located on several acres of that land parcel close to Alafaya Trail. In 1994, after a major corporate management shuffling, and a top-level decision to change from an industrial manufacturing company to primarily a broadcasting/communications company, Westinghouse bought the CBS Network and changed its name to the CBS Corporation. As the PGBU grew in size, other buildings in the area were leased and then, after PGBU was sold to Siemens Corporation of Germany in 1998, additional buildings (Quad II and Quad III) were added to the original complex at the Quadrangle. From 1998 to 2003 the Orlando operation was known as Siemens-Westinghouse, after which the name of Westinghouse was dropped. The operation has been known as Siemens from that time forward.
The Edgewater-New Smyrna Cemetery, also known as Hawks Park Cemetery, located at 700 South Ridgewood Avenue in Edgewater, Florida. Originally named Hawks Park Cemetery, the graveyard was established in 1890 and is located near the historic downtown district of New Smyrna. Hawks Park was a community founded by Dr. John M. Hawks, the author of The East Coast of Florida (1887), around 1872. The name was changed to Edgewater on October 24, 1924, by an act of the Florida Legislature. William Henry Coe (1824-1879), the founder of Glencoe, and his son, Captain Charles Henry Coe (1856-1954), founder of The Florida Star and author of Red Patriots: The Story of the Seminoles (1898), are buried in this cemetery.
Original color digital image by Robert Redd, 2015: Private Collection of Andrew M. Foster.
Edgewater-New Smyrna Cemetery, Edgewater, Florida
Letter from Thomas F. House to William Henry Coe (September 2, 1878)
A letter of correspondence from Thomas F. House to William Henry Coe (1824-1879), the founder of Glencoe, Florida, dated September 2, 1878. In the letter, House, who is the Collector of Customs for the District of St. Augustine, informs Coe that in the event that the current Deputy Collector of Customs accepts an appointment to another position, the will consider Coe's application as a replacement. On April 10, 1879, Coe was officially appointed the position. the was responsible for collecting import duties on foreign goods that entered the United States through the port at New Smyrna until his death on October 23. Shortly thereafter, his son, Captain Charles Henry Coe, was appointed to the position. Due to poor health, Coe moved with his wife and children from Connecticut to Jacksonville in 1874 and established an orange grove the following year four miles west of New Smyrna, an area that would later become Glencoe. In 1877, Coe became an editor for The Florida Star, a newspaper founded by his son, Captain Charles Henry Coe (1856-1954). In April of 1879, Coe was appointed Deputy Collector of Customs for the port at New Smyrna. Just a few months later, on October 23, Coe died of silicosis, likely a result of his work as a copper miner in Illinois during the 1840s. Coe is buried in at Hawks Park Cemetery in Edgewater.
Original letter from Thomas F. House to William Henry Coe, September 2, 1878: Private Collection of Andrew M. Foster.
Collector's Office, Custom House, St. Augustine, Florida
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
The launch of Space Shuttle Columbia from Launch Pad 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center on mission STS-9 on November 28, 1983. Also known as STS-41A and Spacelab 1, STS-9 was the first flight carrying the European Space Agency's (ESA) Spacelab. The Space Shuttle was meant as a reusable alternative to the traditional ballistic rockets used to launch manned spacecraft in the 1960s and 1970s. From 1981 to 2011, when the fleet was retired, five shuttles were flown over 130 times. It was the first space launch system that was mostly reusable, as the shuttles themselves and the solid rocket boosters were reused multiple times. Space shuttles were launched from Launch Complex 39A (LC-39A) and Launch Complex 39B (LC-39B) at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida.
Original color photographic print, November 28, 1983: Leonard Pugh Collection.
Chronopoints
John F. Kennedy Space Center, Merritt Island, Florida
Space Shuttle Atlantis Returning to Earth After Its First Mission
The Space Shuttle Atlantis touching down at Edwards Air Force Base (AFB) in California after its initial mission. The Space Shuttle was meant as a reusable alternative to the traditional ballistic rockets used to launch manned spacecraft in the 1960s and 1970s. From 1981 to 2011, when the fleet was retired, five shuttles were flown over 130 times. It was the first space launch system that was mostly reusable, as the shuttles themselves and the solid rocket boosters were reused multiple times. Space shuttles were launched from Launch Complex 39A (LC-39A) and Launch Complex 39B (LC-39B) at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida.
Original color photographic print, October 7, 1985: Leonard Pugh Collection.
Space Shuttle Discovery Launch for STS-26
For the STS-26 mission, the Space Shuttle Discovery launched from Launch Pad 39B at John F. Kennedy Space Center in Merritt Island, Florida, with the main objective to deploy the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS-C). The Space Shuttle was meant as a reusable alternative to the traditional ballistic rockets used to launch manned spacecraft in the 1960s and 1970s. From 1981 to 2011, when the fleet was retired, five shuttles were flown over 130 times. It was the first space launch system that was mostly reusable, as the shuttles themselves and the solid rocket boosters were reused multiple times. Space shuttles were launched from Launch Complex 39A (LC-39A) and Launch Complex 39B (LC-39B) at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida.
Original color photographic print, September 29, 1988: Leonard Pugh Collection.
Landing of STS-56 Space Shuttle Discovery
The Space Shuttle Discovery landing at the Shuttle Landing Facility at John F. Kennedy Space Center in Merritt Island, Florida, on mission STS-56. The Space Shuttle was meant as a reusable alternative to the traditional ballistic rockets used to launch manned spacecraft in the 1960s and 1970s. From 1981 to 2011, when the fleet was retired, five shuttles were flown over 130 times. It was the first space launch system that was mostly reusable, as the shuttles themselves and the solid rocket boosters were reused multiple times. Space shuttles were launched from Launch Complex 39A (LC-39A) and Launch Complex 39B (LC-39B) at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida.
Original color photographic print, April 17, 1993: Leonard Pugh Collection.
Space Shuttle Columbia Lifts Off Into Space
The Space Shuttle Columbia launching from Launch Complex 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida. The Space Shuttle was meant as a reusable alternative to the traditional ballistic rockets used to launch manned spacecraft in the 1960s and 1970s. From 1981 to 2011, when the fleet was retired, five shuttles were flown over 130 times. It was the first space launch system that was mostly reusable, as the shuttles themselves and the solid rocket boosters were reused multiple times. Space shuttles were launched from Launch Complex 39A (LC-39A) and Launch Complex 39B (LC-39B) at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida.
Original color photographic print: Leonard Pugh Collection.
Solid Rocket Motor, Qualification Motor-6 Static Test
As a result of the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster, primary contractor Morton Thiokol redesigned the solid rocket boosters for the shuttle. This photograph features a static test of the redesigned rocket booster for flight qualification and was conducted at the manufacturer facility in Utah. The Space Shuttle was meant as a reusable alternative to the traditional ballistic rockets used to launch manned spacecraft in the 1960s and 1970s. From 1981 to 2011, when the fleet was retired, five shuttles were flown over 130 times. It was the first space launch system that was mostly reusable, as the shuttles themselves and the solid rocket boosters were reused multiple times. Space shuttles were launched from Launch Complex 39A (LC-39A) and Launch Complex 39B (LC-39B) at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida.
Original color photographic print, April 20, 1988: Leonard Pugh Collection.
The Moon seen through the edge of Earth's atmosphere from a Space Shuttle in Low Earth Orbit (LEO). The Space Shuttle was meant as a reusable alternative to the traditional ballistic rockets used to launch manned spacecraft in the 1960s and 1970s. From 1981 to 2011, when the fleet was retired, five shuttles were flown over 130 times. It was the first space launch system that was mostly reusable, as the shuttles themselves and the solid rocket boosters were reused multiple times. Space shuttles were launched from Launch Complex 39A (LC-39A) and Launch Complex 39B (LC-39B) at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida.
Space Shuttle Discovery Launch for STS-95
The Space Shuttle Discovery launching for STS-95 mission from Launch Pad 39B at John F. Kennedy Space Center, in Merritt Island, Florida, with research payloads. The Space Shuttle was meant as a reusable alternative to the traditional ballistic rockets used to launch manned spacecraft in the 1960s and 1970s. From 1981 to 2011, when the fleet was retired, five shuttles were flown over 130 times. It was the first space launch system that was mostly reusable, as the shuttles themselves and the solid rocket boosters were reused multiple times. Space shuttles were launched from Launch Complex 39A (LC-39A) and Launch Complex 39B (LC-39B) at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida.
Original color photographic print, October 29, 1998: Leonard Pugh Collection.
Space Shuttle Discovery Launch for STS-103
The Space Shuttle Discovery launched on mission STS-103 from Pad 39B at John F. Kennedy Space Center, to service the Hubble Space Telescope. The nighttime is a spectacular backdrop to the beginning of the mission. The Space Shuttle was meant as a reusable alternative to the traditional ballistic rockets used to launch manned spacecraft in the 1960s and 1970s. From 1981 to 2011, when the fleet was retired, five shuttles were flown over 130 times. It was the first space launch system that was mostly reusable, as the shuttles themselves and the solid rocket boosters were reused multiple times. Space shuttles were launched from Launch Complex 39A (LC-39A) and Launch Complex 39B (LC-39B) at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida.
Original color photographic prints, December 19, 1999: Leonard Pugh Collection.
Apollo 11 was the first space mission where humans set foot on another celestial body, the Moon. Launched from Launch Pad 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida, on July 16, 1969, the Apollo 11 fired the third stage engines two and half hours after launch to leave Earth's gravitational pull. The mission was highlighted by the first lunar landing by human beings and Mission Commander Neil Armstrong's (1930-2012) descent from the Lunar Module (LM) to place his foot on the surface of the Moon. He and Lunar Module Pilot Buzz Aldrin (1930-) spent less than 22 hours on the Moon, including two and half hours outside Eagle, their Lunar Module. The crew, which also included Command Module Pilot Michael Collins (1930-), returned to Earth on July 24, 1969.
Original color photographic prints, July 16, 1969: Leonard Pugh Collection.
Water Deluge System at the John F. Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39
The Water Deluge System at Launch Complex 39's Launchpad A and Launchpad B, located at John F. Kennedy Space Center in Merritt Island, Florida. The Water Deluge System was used for two reasons: noise suppression and flame suppression. The system reduced both issues by releasing a torrent of water after the rocket was ignited, which reduced the sound of the rocket and damage to the launchpad from the intense heat. Launchpads A and B were built specifically for the powerful Saturn V rocket, thus there was a special need to address those issues.
Original color photographic print: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Launch Complex 39, John F. Kennedy Space Center, Merritt Island, Florida
An artist's rendering of the docking of spacecraft in the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (ASTP). The project was an experiment in cooperation and mating of different technologies from both the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). The Apollo spacecraft was launched from Launch Complex 39B at John F. Kennedy Space Center in Merritt Island, Florida using a Saturn IB booster and docked to a Soyuz 19 spacecraft from July 15-17, 1975. Soyuz 19 was launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome, near present-day Tyuratam, Kazakhstan. The Soviet spacecraft was in orbit for five days. This successful mission led to cooperation on other projects including the International Space Station (ISS).
Launch Complex 39B, John F. Kennedy Space Center, Merritt Island, Florida
Baikonur Cosmodrome, Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
The American crew of the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) was composed of, from left to right, Astronaut Deke Slayton (1924-1993), first-time Astronaut Vance DeVoe Brand as Command Module Pilot, and veteran Astronaut Thomas "Tom" Patten Stafford as Commander. Brand was the only member of the original Mercury 7 never to fly previously. Slayton had been grounded because of an irregular heart beat since Project Mercury and was National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Director of Flight Crew Operations, but was given clearance for this flight. These three astronauts became the first crew to dock with another nation's spacecraft, the the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics' (USSR) Soyuz 19, thus establishing a precedent for international cooperation in space. This image was autographed for Dr. Cal Fowler (1929-2013), who had pressed the button to ignite the engines of three Mercury-Atlas missions.
Saturn V Rocket at John F. Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39A
A Saturn V rocket rolled out to the Launch Complex 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center in Merritt Island, Florida. This particular rocket is suspected to be the full-scale mockup (SA-500F) used in 1966 to test vehicle assembly, fueling, and the crawler system of transporting it to the launchpad. The crawlers transported both the vehicle and the Launch Umbilical Tower (LUT) to the launchpad. In this photo, Launch Complex 41 is visible to the south.
Original black and white photographic print: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Launch Complex 39A, John F. Kennedy Space Center, Merritt Island, Florida
A Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV) from Apollo 15 on the Moon. Manned by astronauts David Scott (1932-), Alfred Worden (1932-), and James Irwin (1930-1991), Apollo 15 was launched from the Launch Complex 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center in Merritt Island, Florida, on July 26, 1971. This was the first lunar mission equipped with a LRV, or Lunar Rover. This allowed astronauts with unprecedented capabilities to move around the Moon's surface, as they traveled 17.5 miles during their time on the surface. Apollo 15 returned to Earth on August 7.
Original black and white photographic prints, 1971: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
The surface of the Moon in 1975. Manned by astronauts David Scott (1932-), Alfred Worden (1932-), and James Irwin (1930-1991), Apollo 15 was launched from Launch Complex 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center in Merritt Island, Florida, on July 26, 1971. This was the first lunar mission equipped with a LRV, or Lunar Rover. This allowed astronauts with unprecedented capabilities to move around the Moon's surface, as they traveled 17.5 miles during their time on the surface. Apollo 15 returned to Earth on August 7.
Original black and white photographic print, 1975: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Prime Crew of the Tenth Manned Apollo Mission
A pre-launch publicity photograph of the crew of Apollo 16. This mission was the 10th manned Apollo mission and it was the fifth to put astronauts on the Moon. Apollo 16 launched from Launch Complex 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center in Merritt Island, Florida, on April 16, 1972 and returned on April 27. Photographed from left to right are Command Module Pilot Ken Mattingly (1936-), Mission Commander John Young (1930-), and Lunar Module Pilot Charles Duke (1935-).
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Apollo 17 Crew with Lunar Rover Trainer and Saturn V
A pre-launch publicity photograph of the crew of Apollo 17 on September 30, 1971. This mission was the 11th manned Apollo mission, the sixth to put astronauts on the Moon, and the final mission of Project Apollo. Apollo 17 launched from Launch Complex 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center in Merritt Island, Florida, on December 7, 1972, and returned on December 19. Photographed, from left to right, is Command Module Pilot Ronald Evans (1933-1990), Lunar Module Pilot Harrison Schmitt (1935-), and Mission Commander Eugene Cernan (1934-).
Original color photographic print, September 30, 1971: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
A commemorative card featuring the crew of Apollo 17, the mission logo, a drawing of the Saturn V, and the slogan "The Beginning…Not The End." Apollo 17 was the 11th manned Apollo mission, the sixth to put astronauts on the Moon, and the final mission of Project Apollo. Apollo 17 launched from Launch Complex 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center in Merritt Island, Florida, on December 7, 1972, and returned on December 19. Photographed, from left to right, is Lunar Module Pilot Harrison Schmitt (1935-), Command Module Pilot Ronald Evans (1933-1990), and Mission Commander Eugene Cernan (1934-).
Apollo 8's Saturn V launch vehicle lifting off from Launch Complex 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center in Merritt Island, Florida, on December 21, 1968. Apollo 8 was the first manned spacecraft to leave Earth's orbit and the first to orbit another celestial body, the Moon. The spacecraft would was manned by Mission Commander Frank Borman (1928-), Lunar Module Pilot William Anders (1933-), and Command Module Pilot Jim Lovell (1928-). Apollo 8 returned to Earth on December 27.
Original color photographic print, December 21, 1968: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
A view of Earth from Apollo 8, the first manned spacecraft to leave Earth's orbit and the first to orbit another celestial body, the Moon. Apollo 8 launched from Launch Complex 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center in Merritt Island, Florida, on December 21, 1968.. The spacecraft would was manned by Mission Commander Frank Borman (1928-), Lunar Module Pilot William Anders (1933-), and Command Module Pilot Jim Lovell (1928-). Apollo 8 returned to Earth on December 27.
Original color photographic print, December 1968: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
A view of the Moon from Apollo 8, the first manned spacecraft to leave Earth's orbit and the first to orbit another celestial body. Apollo 8 launched from Launch Complex 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center in Merritt Island, Florida, on December 21, 1968.. The spacecraft would was manned by Mission Commander Frank Borman (1928-), Lunar Module Pilot William Anders (1933-), and Command Module Pilot Jim Lovell (1928-). Apollo 8 returned to Earth on December 27.
Earth as Seen by Apollo 8 Crew in Moon Orbit
A view of Earth from the Moon. This iconic photograph was taken by the crew of Apollo 8, the first manned spacecraft to leave Earth's orbit and the first to orbit another celestial body, the Moon. Apollo 8 launched from Launch Complex 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center in Merritt Island, Florida, on December 21, 1968.. The spacecraft would was manned by Mission Commander Frank Borman (1928-), Lunar Module Pilot William Anders (1933-), and Command Module Pilot Jim Lovell (1928-). Apollo 8 returned to Earth on December 27.
Original color photographic print, December 24, 1968: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
An envelope for a photoset of Apollo 8 missions. The envelope includes a reproduction of the Earthrise photograph showing a view of Earth from the Moon. This iconic photograph was taken by the crew of Apollo 8, the first manned spacecraft to leave Earth's orbit and the first to orbit another celestial body, the Moon. Apollo 8 launched from Launch Complex 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center in Merritt Island, Florida, on December 21, 1968.. The spacecraft would was manned by Mission Commander Frank Borman (1928-), Lunar Module Pilot William Anders (1933-), and Command Module Pilot Jim Lovell (1928-). Apollo 8 returned to Earth on December 27.
Original envelope: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
The Historic Flight of Apollo 8: A Journey to the Moon
A history of Apollo 8, the first manned spacecraft to leave Earth's orbit and the first to orbit another celestial body, the Moon. Apollo 8 launched from Launch Complex 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center in Merritt Island, Florida, on December 21, 1968.. The spacecraft would was manned by Mission Commander Frank Borman (1928-), Lunar Module Pilot William Anders (1933-), and Command Module Pilot Jim Lovell (1928-). Apollo 8 returned to Earth on December 27.
Project Mercury Test and Launch Engineers in Front of Mercury-Atlas 1
The engineering management team in front of Mercury-Atlas 1, an unmanned test rocket Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCFAS) in Cape Canaveral, Florida, in July of 1960. This was the first test of an Atlas D booster along with a Mercury capsule. The test was a failure, as the rocket exploded shortly after launch. Photographed standing, from left to right, are Curt Johnson, Test Conductor for Launchpad 14; T. J. O'Malley (1915-2009), Test Conductor for Launchpad 11; Trav Maloy, Chief Test Conductor for CCAFS; Bill Taylor, Test Conductor for Launchpad 12; Walt Hicks, Data Analyst; and Jack Moline, Test Conductor for Launchpad 13. Kneeling, from the left to right, are Orion Reed, Complex Engineer for Launchpad 12; John Hughes, Complex Engineer for Launchpad 13; Bobby Danner, Missile Engineer for Launchpad 12; Dr. Cal Fowler (1929-2013), Missile Engineer for Launchpad 14; Ernie Baldini, Missile Engineer for Launchpad 11; Ken Wilcox, Design and Hanger Checkout; John Fox, Missile Engineer for Launchpad 13; and Bill Williams, Complex Engineer for Launchpad 14. O'Malley later launched John Glenn's (1921-) Friendship 7 rocket. Dr. Fowler later launched astronauts Scott Carpenter (1925-2013), Wally Schirra (1923-2007), and Gordon Cooper (1927-2004) into orbit.
Original color photographic print, July 1960: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Launch Complex 14, Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Cape Canaveral, Florida
A chart showing the four original configurations of the Atlas family of missiles: Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM), Mercury-Atlas, Atlas-Agena, Atlas-Centaur. The Atlas booster was originally developed as an ICBM in the mid-1950s. First flown in 1957, the Atlas was eventually deployed to multiple sites for the U.S. Air Force. Early in the manned space program, the Atlas was selected to place the first American astronauts into orbit. Atlas was retired as an ICBM in the early 1960s and became a civilian launch system. Atlas continued to operate as a civilian launch system until 2004, when the last of the Atlas rockets, based upon the original design, was launched.
Original chart: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
General Dynamics/Aeronautics, San Diego, California
Dr. Cal Fowler and Lieutenant Colonel Swazey
Lieutenant Colonel Swazey, Site Commander 566th of Francis E. Warren Air Force Base, presenting Dr. Cal Fowler (1929-2013) a Missile Expert card. Dr. Fowler, who later launched Mercury astronauts Scott Carpenter (1925-2013), Wally Schirra (1923-2007), and Gordon Cooper (1927-2004) into orbit, was working at Warren AFB testing and installing Atlas Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBM).
Francis E. Warren Air Force Base, Wyoming
Schirra Presented with Launch Key from Atlas Crew
A newspaper article and photograph showing Dr. Cal Fowler (1929-2013), on the left, presenting the launch key to astronaut Wally Schirra (1923-2007) Dr. Fowler, the Launch Conductor at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS)'s Launch Complex 14 (LC-14) in Cape Canaveral, Florida, used the key to launch Schirra's spacecraft, Sigma 7, into orbit on October 3, 1962. Mercury-Atlas 8 (MA-8) was the fifth manned space mission and was launched as part of Project Mercury.General Dynamics Astronautics, the firm which conducted the launch, had the key gold-plated and engraved with the following message: "Wally Schirra, MA-8 Orbital Launch, 10-3-62 7:15 a.m." The opposite side of the key stated: "Atlas, Launch Console Arming Key, Mercury Sigma 7, General Dynamics Astronautics."
Original newspaper article, 1962: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14, Cape Canaveral, Florida
Dr. Cal Fowler Presenting Wally Schirra with Launch Key
Dr. Cal Fowler (1929-2013), on the left, presenting the launch key to astronaut Wally Schirra (1923-2007) Dr. Fowler, the Launch Conductor at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS)'s Launch Complex 14 (LC-14) in Cape Canaveral, Florida, used the key to launch Schirra's spacecraft, Sigma 7, into orbit on October 3, 1962. Mercury-Atlas 8 (MA-8) was the fifth manned space mission and was launched as part of Project Mercury. General Dynamics Astronautics, the firm which conducted the launch, had the key gold-plated and engraved with the following message: "Wally Schirra (1923-2007), MA-8 Orbital Launch, 10-3-62 7:15 a.m." The opposite side of the key stated: "Atlas, Launch Console Arming Key, Mercury Sigma 7, General Dynamics Astronautics."
Original black and white photographic print, 1962: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Wally Schirra and Others at Post-Flight Event
Astronaut Wally Schirra (1923-2007) at a post-flight event. Dr.Calvin D. Fowler, the Launch Conductor at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS)'s Launch Complex 14 (LC-14) in Cape Canaveral, Florida, presented Schirra with the key to launch Schirra's spacecraft, Sigma 7, into orbit on October 3, 1962. Mercury-Atlas 8 (MA-8) was the fifth manned space mission and was launched as part of Project Mercury.
Dr. Cal Fowler Receiving the Sapley Award
Dr. Cal Fowler (1929-2013), Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS)'s Launch Complex 14 (LC-14) Manager, accepting the Sapley Award for the "Best (Safest Complex during 1962)" on January 23, 1963. Photographed with him, from the left to right, are Ned Mullins, Complex Foreman; an unidentified Sapley representative; Jim Stackey, Complex engineers; George Page, Missile engineers; Dr. Fowler; and B. G. MacNabb, Operations Manager.
Original black and white photographic print, January 23, 1963: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Memento of Appreciation Presented to Dr. Cal Fowler
On June 28, 1965, during Project Gemini, General Dynamics Astronautics Manager Dr. Cal Fowler (1929-2013) was presented a memento of appreciation for 10 years as a test and launch conductor at with company. At the time, Dr. Fowler was manager of Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS)'s Launch Complex 14 (LC-14) in Cape Canaveral, Florida. The Atlas-Agena unmanned launch vehicles lifted off from LC-14. The Agena upper stage was modified so the manned Project Gemini spacecraft could practice docking maneuvers with it in preparation for Project Apollo and the eventual moon landing.
Original black and white photographic print, June 28, 1965: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Dinner Dance in Honor of John Herschel Glenn, Jr. and Friendship 7 Program
A program to a dinner dance in honor of John Glenn's (1921-) orbital flight on Friendship 7 (MA-6), which occurred on February 20, 1962. The dinner, was sponsored by the Launch Team (which was generally composed of National Aeronautics and Space Administration, General Dynamics, the McDonnell Aircraft Corporation, and other contractor personnel) on April 23, 1962, at the Cocoa Armory, located at 308 North Fiske Boulevard in Cocoa, Florida. Signators include Freedom 7 astronaut Alan Shepard (1923-1998), the first American in space; Luge Luetjen; Manager for McDonnell Aircraft, Paul C. Donnelly (1923-2014), NASA Engineer, Manager, Spacecraft Test Conductor for Project Mercury; Glenn, the first American to orbit the Earth; Aurora 7 astronaut Scott Carpenter (1925-2013), the second American to orbit the Earth; Mercury 7 astronaut Deke Slayton (1924-1993); Sigma 7 astronaut Wally Schirra (1923-2007), the hird American to orbit Earth ; B. G. MacNabb, the Site Manager for General Dynamics Astronautics; Annie Glenn (1920-), Glenn's wife; Faith 7 astronaut Gordon Cooper (1927-2004), the fourth American to orbit Earth; , T. J. O'Malley (1915-2009), Manager for Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS)'s Launch Complex 14 (LC-14) and Launch Conductor for General Dynamics Astronautics.
Original 4-page program, 1962: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Gordon Cooper and Dr. Cal Fowler at Astronaut Awards Dinner
Faith 7 astronaut Gordon Cooper (1927-2004), the fourth American to orbit the Earth, with Dr. Cal Fowler (1929-2013), Launch Complex 14 (LC-14) Manager at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS) in Cape Canaveral, Florida. The two were photographed at a National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) awards dinner.
Original black and white photographic prints: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Cape Canaveral, Florida
Atlas ICBM Installation at Francis E. Warren Air Force Base
Francis E. Warren Air Force Base, near Cheyenne, Wyoming, was one of the earliest sites of intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) deployment. In previous deployments at Warren (Warren I and II), the U.S. Air Force installed the Atlas D in non-hardened launch site. With the Atlas E and Atlas F, the Warren III was semi-hardened in order to sustain some of the pressure effects of an atomic explosion. These sites were called "coffin sites," because the missile lay horizontal in a semi-hardened silo and were raised vertical to be launched. Much of the ballistic testing for the Atlas ICBM was conducted at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS) in Cape Canaveral, Florida.
Atlas ICBM Fueling Test at Fairchild Air Force Base
Fairchild Air Force Base was the location for this early fueling test of an Atlas intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM), which was likely an Atlas E or Atlas F. As one of the early locations for ICBM deployment, Fairchild AFB deployed Atlas E/F missiles in "coffin sites," because the missile was stored horizontally in a semi-hardened silo until launch. Much of the ballistic testing for the Atlas ICBM was conducted at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS) in Cape Canaveral, Florida.
Atlas ICBM at Francis E. Warren Air Force Base
Amongst the first operational intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) sites in the United States, Warren I was an above-ground "soft site" for launching the missiles at Warren Air Force Base in Wyoming. The missiles were stored at ground level and with minimal protection from a preemptive strike. The missile was the "D" variant of the Atlas missile, which was later man-rated for use in Project Mercury by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Warren I had the missile clustered closely around the launch control blockhouse because this variant of the missile required direct guidance control.
Letter from Colonel William E. Todd to Dr. Cal Fowler (December 4, 1961)
A letter of correspondence from Colonel William E. Todd to Dr. Cal Fowler (1929-2013) dated December 4, 1961. In the letter, col. Todd invites Dr. Fowler, the former chief activation engineer, to attend ceremonies marking the completion of the U.S. Air Force's first Intercontinental Ballistic Missile Wing at Francis E. Warren Air Force Base near Cheyenne, Wyoming. The ceremony was held at the 566th Strategic Missile Squadron Complex 11 in Nunn, Colorado.
Original 1-page letter and map from Colonel William E. Todd to Dr. Calvin D. Fowler, December 4, 1961: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Adobe Flash Player
566th Strategic Missile Squadron Complex 11, Nunn, Colorado
A test launch of an Atlas Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM) from an indeterminate location. In the photograph, one can see the engines ignited and liquid oxygen venting against the night sky. First flown in 1957, the Atlas was eventually deployed to multiple sites for the U.S. Air Force. Early in the manned space program, the Atlas was selected to place the first American astronauts into orbit. Atlas was retired as an ICBM in the early 1960s and became a civilian launch system. Atlas continued to operate as a civilian launch system until 2004, when the last of the Atlas rockets, based upon the original design, was launched.
Dr. Cal Fowler Presenting the Atlas E Model to Eugene Martin Zuckert
Dr. Cal Fowler (1929-2013), photographed on the right, presenting Secretary of the Air Force Eugene M. Zuckert (1911-2000) with a model of the Atlas E missile in honor of the completion and activation of the Warren III missile site. Warren III was a semi-hardened (the missile was some what protected by a concrete bunker) so-called "coffin site," where the missile was stored horizontal in a shallow bunker but erected for launch. The Atlas E Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM) was significant because it had inertial guidance that allowed for launchers to be spread over larger areas.
Dr. Cal Fowler (1929-2013) and other unidentified workers at the Strategic Air Command (SAC), during the period that it was located at Francis E. Warren Air Force Base near Cheyenne, Wyoming. Dr. Fowler later transferred back to Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS) in Cape Canaveral, Florida, and launched three of America's Mercury 7 astronauts into orbit in Mercury-Atlas missions.
A press release announcing that astronaut Gordon Cooper (1927-2004) was at the General Dynamics/Astronautics plant in San Diego, California, to inspect the Atlas rocket that would carry his Mercury mission into orbit. Also in attendance was Dr. Cal Fowler (1929-2013), who was the Launch Complex 14 manager and launch conductor at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS) in Cape Canaveral, Florida. The press release noted that Cooper was the first Mercury-Atlas astronaut to inspect the vehicle at the plant. Cooper would later ride the Mercury-Atlas vehicle into orbit on May 15, 1963, and circle the Earth 22 and a half times.
Original 1-page typewritten press release, May 1963: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Apollo 8 Crew: James A. Lovell, Jr., William A. Anders, Frank Borman
The Apollo 8 crew, consisting of Command Module Pilot Jim Lovell (1928-), Lunar Module Pilot William Anders (1933-), and Mission Commander Frank Borman (1928-). John F. Kennedy Space Center in Merritt Island, Florida, on December 21, 1968. Apollo 8 was the first manned spacecraft to leave Earth's orbit and the first to orbit another celestial body, the Moon. Apollo 8 returned to Earth on December 27.
Telegram from Lew Emmerich to Dr. Cal Fowler (May 15, 1963)
Dr. Cal Fowler (1929-2013) received this congratulatory telegram from Lew Emmerich, a General Dynamics Program Director based out of San Diego, California. Emmerich was involved in America's space program from Project Mercury to Project Apollo, and was described in his obituary as a "Pioneer of America's Space Program."
Original telegram from Lew Emmerich to Dr. Calvin "Cal" Fowler, May 15, 1963): Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Home of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler, Cocoa, Florida
Cake in Honor of John Herschel Glenn, Jr. and Friendship 7
At an event in honor of the return of astronaut John Glenn (1921-), who had become the first American to orbit the Earth, Henri Landwirth (1927-), a hotelier in the area, had a cake baked. The cake was between 700-900 pounds and shaped like the Friendship 7 Mercury capsule. Landwirth had the cake baked in mid-January of 1962 for Glenn's expected launch. However, Friendship 7 was delayed and did not launch until February 20. Landwirth had to improvise refrigeration of the cake in the delivery truck by using airconditioners, to assure it did not spoil. On February 23, Glenn arrived back at Cape Canaveral, Florida.
Original color photographic prints, February 23, 1963: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
John F. Kennedy Space Center's Launch Complex 39 Water Control System
Chart showing the Launch Complex 39 Water Control System at John F. Kennedy Space Center in Merritt Island, Florida. This system is used to cool the pad and suppress noise during launch.
John F. Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39, Merritt Island, Florida
Dr. Cal Fowler (1929-2013), an engineer/manager who was deeply involved in early rocket development and manned space flight. He participated in the development of the Atlas missile and Mercury-Atlas manned launch vehicle. As manager of Launch Complex 14 (LC-14), at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS) in Cape Canaveral, Florida, Dr. Fowler personally pushed the button to launch the final three missions of Project Mercury. He continued to participate in missile and rocket development, as well as launches.
Dr. Cal Fowler (1929-2013), an engineer/manager who was deeply involved in early rocket development and manned space flight. This photograph was taken while he was at Warren Air Force Base, where he was Chief of Activation Engineering for the installation of the Atlas Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM). Dr. Fowler participated in the development of the Atlas missile and Mercury-Atlas manned launch vehicle. As manager of Launch Complex 14 (LC-14), at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS) in Cape Canaveral, Florida, Dr. Fowler personally pushed the button to launch the final three missions of Project Mercury. He continued to participate in missile and rocket development, as well as launches.
Original black and white photographic print, August 1960: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
A newspaper article, originally posted by The Associated Press, published in The Miami Herald on March 2, 1962. According to the article, a fragment of the Atlas rocket used for John Glenn's mission was found on a farm in South Africa. South African officials made plans to return the artifact to the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C.
The Associated Press
Original newspaper article: "Glenn's Rocket Found in Africa." The Miami Herald, March 2, 1962: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
The Miami Herald
Aliwal North, Eastern Cape, South Africa
Canaveral Leaves Mind Sharp Bits Amid Clutter
A newspaper article from The Baltimore Sun published on May 20, 1963. Written by Stephen A. Bennett, the article provides details Mercury-Atlas 9 (MA-9), the final manned space mission for Project Mercury. MA-9 launched from Launch Complex 14 at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS) in Cape Canaveral, on May 15, 1963. Gordon Cooper (1927-2004) traveled in Faith 7, successfully orbiting the Earth 22 and a half times before returned to Earth the following day.
Original newspaper article: Bennett, Stephen A. "Canaveral Leaves Mind Sharp Bits Amid Clutter." The Baltimore Sun, May 20, 1963: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
The Baltimore Sun
Schirra, Walter M. (Walter Marty), 1923-2007
A newspaper article about Dr. Cal Fowler (1929-2013) presenting an engraved launch key to astronaut Wally Schirra (1923-2007) Dr. Fowler, the Launch Conductor at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS)'s Launch Complex 14 (LC-14) in Cape Canaveral, Florida, used the key to launch Schirra's spacecraft, Sigma 7, into orbit on October 3, 1962. Mercury-Atlas 8 (MA-8) was the fifth manned space mission and was launched as part of Project Mercury. General Dynamics Astronautics, the firm which conducted the launch, had the key gold-plated and engraved with the following message: "Wally Schirra (1923-2007), MA-8 Orbital Launch, 10-3-62 7:15 a.m." The opposite side of the key stated: "Atlas, Launch Console Arming Key, Mercury Sigma 7, General Dynamics Astronautics." Dr. Fowler and General Dynamics site manager B. G. MacNabb appear in the photograph to the left and Schirra appears in the right photograph.
Original newspaper article: Mack, Walt. "Smiling Schirra Gets Memento Key." The Brevard-Sentinel, 1963: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Countdown "Key" Given to Schirra by Convair Crew
A newspaper article about Dr. Cal Fowler (1929-2013) and B. G. MacNabb presenting an engraved launch key to astronaut Wally Schirra (1923-2007) Dr. Fowler, the Launch Conductor at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS)'s Launch Complex 14 (LC-14) in Cape Canaveral, Florida, used the key to launch Schirra's spacecraft, Sigma 7, into orbit on October 3, 1962. Mercury-Atlas 8 (MA-8) was the fifth manned space mission and was launched as part of Project Mercury. General Dynamics Astronautics, the firm which conducted the launch, had the key gold-plated and engraved with the following message: "Wally Schirra (1923-2007), MA-8 Orbital Launch, 10-3-62 7:15 a.m." The opposite side of the key stated: "Atlas, Launch Console Arming Key, Mercury Sigma 7, General Dynamics Astronautics."
Original newspaper article: "Countdown 'Key' Given to Schirra by Convair Crew." 1963: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
A newspaper article about Dr. Cal Fowler (1929-2013) and B. G. MacNabb presenting an engraved launch key to astronaut Wally Schirra (1923-2007) Dr. Fowler, the Launch Conductor at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS)'s Launch Complex 14 (LC-14) in Cape Canaveral, Florida, used the key to launch Schirra's spacecraft, Sigma 7, into orbit on October 3, 1962. Mercury-Atlas 8 (MA-8) was the fifth manned space mission and was launched as part of Project Mercury. General Dynamics Astronautics, the firm which conducted the launch, had the key gold-plated and engraved with the following message: "Wally Schirra, MA-8 Orbital Launch, 10-3-62 7:15 a.m." The opposite side of the key stated: "Atlas, Launch Console Arming Key, Mercury Sigma 7, General Dynamics Astronautics."
Original newspaper article: "Schirra Gets Memento Key for Orbits." 1963: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Theodore Aulin, Sr. and Margaret Elizabeth Grogan
Theodore "Judge" Aulin, Sr. (1874-1961) with his niece, Margaret Elizabeth Grogan (b. 1919). Aulin was the son of Emma Leonora Lawton Aulin (1853-1907) and Andrew Aulin, Sr. (1843-1918), the Swedish immigrant credited with naming the town of Oviedo, Florida. Judge Aulin married Nettie Dorcas Jacobs Aulin (1885-1971) and had one child, Theodore Aulin, Jr. (1918-1966). Grogan was the daughter of Mary Hannah Aulin Grogan (1887-1964), Aulin's sister, and James Wilburn Grogan (1872-1953).
Original black and white photograph: Private Collection of Bettye Reagan.
This brochure was published around mid-1986 to announce a major restructuring of Westinghouse Electric's Power Systems Business Unit (PSBU). Until that time, the unit was composed of two separate business units: Nuclear Energy Systems, headquartered in Monroeville, Pennsylvania, and Power Generation, headquartered in Pittsburgh and in Orlando, Florida. At the time, Power Generation factories were located in Charlotte and Winston Salem, North Carolina, and in East Pittsburgh. The reorganization announced in this brochure brings the Nuclear and Power Generation operations under one sub-corporate organization, the Power Systems Business Unit, which was to be managed by Jim Moore, Vice President and General Manager, reporting to Executive Vice President Theodore Stern. Directly affecting the Orlando operation was the naming of Tom Campbell as General Manager of Generation Technology Systems Division. Campbell transferred to Orlando, where he became site manager for the next two years.
Original 14-page brochure, 1986: Private Collection of Harry Jaeger.
Westinghouse Electric Corporation, The Quadrangle, Orlando, Florida
Located at 100 East First Street on the corner of Park Avenue in Sanford, Florida, Bower & Roumillat was the first business to occupy the Brumley-Puleston Building that was completed in 1923. Roy C. Bower and Gene Roumillat opened the store together. By 1947, after receiving his pharmacy license at the University of Florida (UF) in Gainesville, Francis E. Roumillat, Jr. began working for his father at the Roumillat and Anderson Walgreen Agency. Known for its curbside service and milkshakes, the store operated for 55 years before closing in 1977. This 1920s-era bottle is from the original store and likely contained liquid medicine or perhaps a white powder used to make compounds.
Original color digital image, 2015: Museum of Seminole County History, Sanford, Florida.
An icehouse located at 300 Bush Boulevard in Sanford, Florida, during the 1920s or 1930s. John Wesley Woods (1886-1966), presumably the owner of the icehouse pictured, is seen standing on the driver's side of the truck parked in front of the icehouse.. The two men standing on the porch, from left to right, are Earl Partain and Fred Page. According to an article published in The Sanford Herald, Woods, was instrumental in the formation of the Sanford Zoo, as he contributed a raccoon, a opossum, a grey squirrel, at least one fox, a porcupine, a skunk, and an alligator. This particular photograph was donated to the Museum of Seminole County History by C. D Partain, the grandson of both Woods and Partain. The back of the photograph also identifies Page as Nell's husband, but it is unclear as to who Nell is.
Original black and white photograph: Museum of Seminole County History, Sanford, Florida.
John Wesley Woods' Icehouse, Sanford, Florida
Created in 1936 by Sanford’s city engineer, Fred T. Williams, this surveyor's map depicts Seminole County, Florida. During his tenure as city engineer from the 1920s through the early 1940s, Williams created multiple maps that show how Sanford has changed as the city limits grew and the city become more populated. Unlike some of the previous maps created by Williams, there seems to be no legend detailing the map. Seminole County separated from Orange County on April 25, 1913, and was named for the Seminole tribes that originally inhabited the area. In the early-1900s, Seminole County was known for its agricultural development and close proximity to shipping lanes. By the 1920s, citizens in Seminole County, particularly in Sanford, soon shifted their interests in making the area a tourist destination.
Original 12 x 9 inch black and white map by Fred T. Williams, 1936: Museum of Seminole County History, Sanford, Florida.
Map of City of Sanford and Environs, 1926
Created in October of 1926 by Sanford’s city engineer, Fred T. Williams, this surveyor's map depicts the City of Sanford, Florida, and its environs. During his tenure as city engineer from the 1920s through the early 1940s, Williams created multiple maps that show how Sanford has changed as the city limits grew and the city become more populated. Unlike some of the previous maps created by Williams, there seems to be no legend detailing the map. This particular map is difficult to read due to fading. The City of Sanford was founded by a lawyer and diplomat from Connecticut by the name of Henry Shelton Sanford (1832-1891), who purchased 12,548 acres of open land west of Mellonville. His vision was to make this new land a major port city. Situated on Lake Monroe at the head of the St. Johns River, the City of Sanford earned the nickname of “The Gate City of South Florida.” Sanford became not only a transportation hub, but a leader in the citrus industry globally. The Great Fire of 1887 devastated the city, which also suffered from a statewide epidemic of yellow fever the following year. The citrus industry flourished until the Great Freezes of 1894 and 1895, causing planters to begin growing celery in 1896 as an alternative. Celery replaced citrus as the city's cash crop and Sanford was nicknamed "Celery City." In 1913, Sanford became the county seat of Seminole County, once part of Orange County. Agriculture dominated the region until Walt Disney World opened in October 1971, effectively shifting the Central Florida economy towards tourism and residential development.
Original 43.5 x 28.5 inch map by Fred T. Williams, 1926: Museum of Sanford History, Sanford, Florida.
Created in 1928 by Sanford’s city engineer, Fred T. Williams, this surveyor's map depicts Seminole County, Florida. During his tenure as city engineer from the 1920s through the early 1940s, Williams created multiple maps that show how Sanford has changed as the city limits grew and the city become more populated. Unlike some of the previous maps created by Williams, there seems to be no legend detailing the map. This particular map is difficult to read due to fading. The City of Sanford was founded by a lawyer and diplomat from Connecticut by the name of Henry Shelton Sanford (1832-1891), who purchased 12,548 acres of open land west of Mellonville. His vision was to make this new land a major port city. Situated on Lake Monroe at the head of the St. Johns River, the City of Sanford earned the nickname of “The Gate City of South Florida.” Sanford became not only a transportation hub, but a leader in the citrus industry globally. The Great Fire of 1887 devastated the city, which also suffered from a statewide epidemic of yellow fever the following year. The citrus industry flourished until the Great Freezes of 1894 and 1895, causing planters to begin growing celery in 1896 as an alternative. Celery replaced citrus as the city's cash crop and Sanford was nicknamed "Celery City." In 1913, Sanford became the county seat of Seminole County, once part of Orange County. Agriculture dominated the region until Walt Disney World opened in October 1971, effectively shifting the Central Florida economy towards tourism and residential development.
Original 30.5 x 22.5 inch map by Fred T. Williams, 1928: Museum of Seminole County History, Sanford, Florida.
Created in 1954 by Sanford’s city engineer, Fred H. Williams, this surveyor's map depicts Seminole County, Florida. During his tenure as city engineer from the 1920s through the early 1940s, Williams created multiple maps that show how Sanford has changed as the city limits grew and the city become more populated. Unlike some of the previous maps created by Williams, there seems to be no legend detailing the map. This particular map is difficult to read due to fading. The City of Sanford was founded by a lawyer and diplomat from Connecticut by the name of Henry Shelton Sanford (1832-1891), who purchased 12,548 acres of open land west of Mellonville. His vision was to make this new land a major port city. Situated on Lake Monroe at the head of the St. Johns River, the City of Sanford earned the nickname of “The Gate City of South Florida.” Sanford became not only a transportation hub, but a leader in the citrus industry globally. The Great Fire of 1887 devastated the city, which also suffered from a statewide epidemic of yellow fever the following year. The citrus industry flourished until the Great Freezes of 1894 and 1895, causing planters to begin growing celery in 1896 as an alternative. Celery replaced citrus as the city's cash crop and Sanford was nicknamed "Celery City." In 1913, Sanford became the county seat of Seminole County, once part of Orange County. Agriculture dominated the region until Walt Disney World opened in October 1971, effectively shifting the Central Florida economy towards tourism and residential development.
Original 30 x 22 inch map by Fred H. Williams, 1954: Museum of Seminole County History, Sanford, Florida.
Especial Announcement to Visitors to Savannah, Florida and the South
An announcement from the Atlantic Coast Line of Railways dating back to December 29, 1877. At the time, the Atlantic Coast Line was an informal name that was adopted in 1871 by railroads paralleling the Atlantic Ocean. The flier advertised a new luxurious tourist train that eventually became considered the first deluxe tourist train in the United States. Speaking specifically to Northerners, this flier offers five different railroad lines to the South, while also offering different kinds of boxcars. The first offer is the completion of the Ashley River Railroad. The second offer is a double daily service to Charleston, South Carolina, and Savannah, Georgia. The third is a semi-weekly service of sleeping cars between Boston, Massachusetts, and Savannah. Additionally, the fourth offer is also for sleeping cars from Washington, D.C., to Savannah, and connecting with Boston and Washington. Finally, the fifth offer is from Richmond, Virginia, to New York City, New York. The flier then offers the location of the company’s headquarters in Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Washington. Lastly, the flier lists the names of agents for southern travel: W. J. Walker, General Agent; A. Pope, General Passenger and Ticket Agent; and J. H. White, Passenger Agent. The flier itself was printed by Munroe and Metz.
Original advertisement, December 29, 1877: Museum of Seminole County History, Sanford, Florida.
Westinghouse Power Generation Systems Organization Chart, 1995
This organization chart, shows the upper management structure of the Generation Systems Division for the Westinghouse Electric Corporation's Power Generation Business Unit (PGBU), effective January of 1995. The chart shows the organization under General Manager Randy H. Zwirn, who joined Westinghouse in 1976. In January of 1996, Zwirn was elected at Corporate Officer for the company. Shortly after this organization chart was published, Zwirn was named Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of the Westinghouse Power Generation Business Unit. As the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of PGBU, Zwirn followed Frank Bakos, who retired in late 1994. Zwirn left Westinghouse in 1998 to join Siemens AG, an engineering company based in Germany. As of December of 2015, Zwirn serves as the President and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Siemens Energy Services, Inc. and CEO of the Energy Services Division in Orlando, Florida, with overall responsibilities for Siemens Energy activities in the Americas. Following the Siemens acquisition, the site organization became known as Siemens Westinghouse and then Siemens in 2003. Zwirn has remained in place at the top organizational position at the Orlando site since the acquisition. Originally called the Westinghouse Electric Company, George Westinghouse (1846-1914) founded his manufacturing company in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on January 8, 1886. In 1889, he renamed his business the The Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company. Westinghouse's primary products include turbines, generators, motors and switchgear related to the generation, transmission, and use of electricity. The company changed its name to Westinghouse Electric Corporation in 1945. In 1981, the company began to relocate its division headquarters for the Steam-Turbine Generator Divisions from Pennsylvania (turbines from Lester and generators from Pittsburgh) to Orlando, Florida. The Power Generation Business Unit (PGBU) building was located in The Quadrangle, at 4400 Alafaya Trail. Originally, Westinghouse had purchased a large plot of land for future development that extended westward from Alafaya Trail to Rouse Road. The original headquarters was located on several acres of that land parcel close to Alafaya Trail. In 1994, after a major corporate management shuffling, and a top-level decision to change from an industrial manufacturing company to primarily a broadcasting/communications company, Westinghouse bought the CBS Network and changed its name to the CBS Corporation. As the PGBU grew in size, other buildings in the area were leased and then, after PGBU was sold to Siemens Corporation of Germany in 1998, additional buildings (Quad II and Quad III) were added to the original complex at the Quadrangle. From 1998 to 2003 the Orlando operation was known as Siemens-Westinghouse, after which the name of Westinghouse was dropped. The operation has been known as Siemens from that time forward.
Original chart: Private Collection of Harry Jaeger.
Power Generation Business Unit, Westinghouse Generation Systems Division, Orlando, Florida
Early Westinghouse Gas Turbine Power Generating Unit
This photograph shows the installation of the first Westinghouse 40MW model W501A gas turbine, located at the Dow Chemical Company's on-site power generation facilities in Freeport, Texas. Dow was a major customer of Westinghouse gas turbine generators and was a pioneer in application of gas turbines for industrial on-site power generation, combined with exhaust heat recovery for production of process steam or additional power. Dow’s first gas turbine, also installed in this way at the facility in Freeport, was a Westinghouse 30MW model W301, which started operation in 1965. In all, Dow installed some 20 Westinghouse gas turbines in Texas and at their site in Plaquemine, Louisiana. Today, this combined heat and power (CHP) application of gas turbines is commonplace and is also known as gas turbine cogeneration. Originally called the Westinghouse Electric Company, George Westinghouse (1846-1914) founded his manufacturing company in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on January 8, 1886. In 1889, he renamed his business the The Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company. Westinghouse's primary products include turbines, generators, motors and switchgear related to the generation, transmission, and use of electricity. The company changed its name to Westinghouse Electric Corporation in 1945. In 1981, the company began to relocate its division headquarters for the Steam-Turbine Generator Divisions from Pennsylvania (turbines from Lester and generators from Pittsburgh) to Orlando, Florida. The Power Generation Business Unit (PGBU) building was located in The Quadrangle, at 4400 Alafaya Trail. Originally, Westinghouse had purchased a large plot of land for future development that extended westward from Alafaya Trail to Rouse Road. The original headquarters was located on several acres of that land parcel close to Alafaya Trail. In 1994, after a major corporate management shuffling, and a top-level decision to change from an industrial manufacturing company to primarily a broadcasting/communications company, Westinghouse bought the CBS Network and changed its name to the CBS Corporation. As the PGBU grew in size, other buildings in the area were leased and then, after PGBU was sold to Siemens Corporation of Germany in 1998, additional buildings (Quad II and Quad III) were added to the original complex at the Quadrangle. From 1998 to 2003 the Orlando operation was known as Siemens-Westinghouse, after which the name of Westinghouse was dropped. The operation has been known as Siemens from that time forward.
Original 33mm slide: Private Collection of Harry Jaeger.
A reprint of an article by George E. Baker published POWER magazine in December of 1969. In 1967, the Southern California Edison Company (SCE) partnered with the Garden State Paper Company (GSP) to install and operate an on-site gas-turbine generator and heat recovery system to supply all the energy needs of a patented de-inking process to produce clean newsprint from used newspapers. This unique co-generation system provided the operating flexibility, operating economics, site compatibility, and reliability to make it the ideal solution for both partners. SCE supplied both electricity and heat energy while GSP enjoyed the advantage of low cost, reliable energy right at the process plant. Westinghouse Electric supplied the W-191 pre-packaged gas turbine that was electrically tied to the SCE grid. Voigt supplied the fired heat recovery boiler with a standby forced draft fan for backup duty. The plant went commercial in January of 1967.
Original 5-page magazine article: Baker, George E. POWER, December 1969: Private Collection of George E. Baker.
POWER
Garden State Paper Company Paper Mill, Pomona, California
Westinghouse Electric's nuclear steam generator and pressurizer factory located at 6501 South West Shore Boulevard in Tampa, Florida. The product lines of nuclear steam generators and pressurizers were moved to Tampa from the Power Generation Heat Transfer Division and manufacturing plant in Lester, Pennsylvania, just outside of Philadelphia. The Westinghouse Tampa Division, which went operational in 1968, was located on a 42-acre swampy piece of land on Tampa Bay, in an area then known as Rattlesnake Flats. The Tampa manufacturing facility was somewhat of an economic boom to the area. At the time of the announcement made by John T. Steifel, General Manager of the Westinghouse Heat Transfer Division, in May 1967, it was expected to have a $5,000,000 annual payroll. The workforce consisted of personnel who moved to Tampa from the Lester plant, but was primarily staffed with hires from the local area. The plant employed hundreds of people, consisting of design engineers, information technology (IT) personnel, manufacturing engineers, fabricators, welders, quality assurance engineers, inspectors, and members of many other disciplines. The clean, "smokeless," $25-million plant consisted of nearly 300,000 square feet (which was nearly doubled after an expansion) of high technology, automated, heavy manufacturing, testing, and inspection equipment, as well as a steam generation test facility. During its operation, the plant manufactured and shipped major nuclear plant components to many U.S. and international power plants. The products manufactured at this Tampa-based plant provide people with electricity throughout the United States and in Japan, Spain, Switzerland, France, South Korea, and other countries around the world. In those early days in the nuclear power generation industry, before the creation of a dedicated a Nuclear Service Division, much of the service work on the nuclear components was done by the personal at the manufacturing plants going to the field. Due to the nuclear plant accidents at Three Mile Island in 1979 and at Chernobyl in 1986, as well as the increasing costs due to lawsuits aimed at shutting down the nuclear power business, many nuclear plant orders dried up and the Westinghouse Tampa plant was closed as a manufacturing facility in the early 1980s. More than a few of the engineering and other professional personnel relocated to the Westinghouse Power Generation Business Unit in Orlando. For a few years after the plant closure, George Steinbrenner’s (1930-2010) American Ship Building Company leased the manufacturing facility for the modification and fabrication of large ocean going vessels. Also during that time, the Westinghouse Southeastern Nuclear Technology Center's engineering office, managed by Pete DeRosa, was located at the facility. It provided analytic support to Westinghouse nuclear plants under construction. Today, where the Tampa plant once stood on Tampa Bay are now townhouses and a high-rise condominium.
Original 5 x 7 inch color photograph, 1968: Private Collection of Pete DeRosa.
Westinghouse Tampa Division, Tampa, Florida
An alligator at Block 1 of the Hines Energy Complex near Bartow, Florida, around 2000. Located at 7700 County Road 555 South in Bartow, this Progress Energy Florida, Inc. power plant opened in 1999 and was sold to Duke Energy in 2013. Westinghouse Electric supplied and installed the two gas-turbine generators and supporting auxiliary equipment for Block 1 at the plant. Hines had a cooling pond that happened to be a site of frequent alligator sightings. Alligators were able to scale the surrounding chain link fence by using the leverage of their large tails to boost them up and over. As a result, plant operators made their rounds in trucks with extra caution.
Original color photograph: Private Collection of George E. Baker.
Westinghouse W-501D 100 MW Single Shaft Heavy Duty Combustion Turbine
In 1980, Westinghouse Electric introduced a redesigned and uprated model W501D combustion (gas) turbine nominally rated at 100MW. This document is a reprint of an article published in the International Power Generation magazine in the United Kingdom in time for distribution at the 1981 American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Gas Turbine Conference and Expo in London. The W501D introduced at that time was later called the W501D5 and, after initial sales and field testing, was offered at a rating of approximately 105MW. The article describes the many new design features that represented significant upgrades and improvements over the previous version of the W501D. It also describes the various applications of the gas turbine including simple cycle "EconoPac," combined cycle and operation with alternative fuels such as gasified coal. The W501D5 was the largest and most efficient heavy duty 60Hz (3600RPM) gas turbine in the world at the time.
Reprinted magazine article: Scalzo, A. J., G. S. Howard, P.C. Holden, and J. Morrash. "Westinghouse W-501D 100 MW Single Shaft Heavy Duty Combustion Turbine." International Power Generation, October 1980: Private Collection of Harry Jaeger.
International Power Generation
Letter from Harold L. Moody to John W. Woods (October 21, 1965)
A letter from Harold L. Moody, a fisheries biologist, to John W. Woods, chief of the Fisheries Division for the Florida Game and Freshwater Commission. The letter discusses aquatic vegetation in Lake Apopka. Moody states that heavy rainfall has helped dilute pollution in the lake and improved light penetration in the water, decreasing the algae content and allowing limited regrowth of certain aquatic plants. These plants were once the dominant vegetation in the lake. Moody believes that this regrowth is temporary unless the inflow of nutrients and pollution can be halted.
Photocopy of original typewritten letter from Harold L. Moody to John W. Woods, October 21, 1965: binder 1965, Friends of Lake Apopka Archives, Ginn Museum, Oakland Nature Preserve, Oakland, Florida.
Letter from O. E. Frye, Jr. to Claude Collins (April 25, 1966)
A letter from O. E. Frye Jr., the director of the Florida Game and Freshwater Fish Commission, to Claude Collins. Frye writes in response to Collins' concerns regarding sportsfishing in the St. John's River, and informs him that Florida Governor William Haydon Burns is reforming the St. John's River Advisory Committee to investigate problems on the river.
Photocopy of original typewritten letter from O. E. Frye, Jr. to Claude Collins, April 25, 1966: binder 1966, Friends of Lake Apopka Archives, Ginn Museum, Oakland Nature Preserve, Oakland, Florida.
Florida Game and Fresh Water Commission, Tallahassee, Florida
Letter from James B. Lackey to Harold L. Moody (July 28, 1966)
A letter from James B. Lackey, a water and waste biological consultant, to Harold L. Moody, the River Fishery Project Leader at the Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission, discussing water samples from Lake Apopka in Florida. Lackey, a retired University of Florida professor, was hired by Lake and Orange counties to study water quality in Lake Apopka and the Harris Chain of Lakes. In the letter, Lackey describes the samples as representing highly over-fertilized water, and expects annual fish kills on Lake Apopka if the fertilizer loading from the Zellwood farms is not stopped.
Photocopy of original typewritten letter from James B. Lackey to Harold L. Moody, July 28, 1966: binder 1966, Friends of Lake Apopka Archives, Ginn Museum, Oakland Nature Preserve, Oakland, Florida.
Letter from William "Don" D. McAllister to V. D. Patten (June 15, 1966)
A letter from William "Don" D. McAllister to V. D. Patten at the Florida State Board of Health, with attached statement. McAllister hosted the Central Florida TV-show Hunting and Fishing with Don, which ran 1954 to 1972 on WDBO-Channel 6. The letter and attached statement detail observations made by McAllister while fishing on Lake Apopka in Florida. McAllister observed a large cloud of pesticide spray drifting over Lake Apopka, dispersed by spray planes operating Zellwood. McAllister also observed a moderate fish kill in the area.
Photocopy of original typewritten letter from William "Don" D. McAllister to V. D. Patten and typewritten statement, June 15, 1966: binder 1966, Friends of Lake Apopka Archives, Ginn Museum, Oakland Nature Preserve, Oakland, Florida.
Letter from Harold L. Moody to James B. Lackey (July 22,1966)
A letter from Harold L. Moody, River Fishery Project Leader for the Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission, to James B. Lackey. Lackey was hired by Lake County and Orange County to study water quality in Lake Apopka and the Ocklawaha River in Florida. Moody's letter discusses his collecting of water samples, which he had sent to Lackey for examination. The samples were collected after fish kills on the lake. Moody states both kills were associated with discharge from the Winter Garden sewage treatment plant.
Photocopy of original typewritten letter from Harold L. Moody to James B. Lackey, July 22,1966: binder 1966, Friends of Lake Apopka Archives, Ginn Museum, Oakland Nature Preserve, Oakland, Florida.
A report by the Florida Game and Freshwater Fish Commission detailing the results of an experimental seining of Lake Apopka in Florida. Seining was evaluated as a potential method of removing nutrients from the lake by capturing and removing large amounts of rough fish. This method proved both inefficient and economically inviable. The Commission investigated selling the rough fish captured for use as fertilizer, but were unable to capture amounts large enough to be economically feasible. The report also notes a massive increase in the gar population, and attributes this to the decline in the lake's health, as gar are able to fill an ecological niche that other fish cannot. The report ultimately concludes seining operations on Lake Apopka will be useless until pollution discharges into the lake are halted.
Original typewritten report: binder 1966, Friends of Lake Apopka Archives, Ginn Museum, Oakland Nature Preserve, Oakland, Florida.
The Maitland News, Vol. 01, No. 21, September 25, 1926
The Maitland News was a local newspaper originally published by the Maitland Realty Company (and later by the Maitland News Company) which began circulation in April 1926. This edition features articles on topics such as the Maitland Hill school opening, street paving contractor bids, teachers and trustees honored by the Parent-Teacher Association, hurricane relief efforts for South Florida, slight damage from a storm, a large real estate deal, school enrollment requirements, a church supper, the Chamber of Commerce membership campaign, Boy Scouts of America doing good work, a trip by Mayor Upmeyer to New York, a white-fly fungus infestation affecting citrus crops, the housing arrangements of local residents, and a local events calendar. Also featured are a poem by Edgar A. Guest and several advertisements for local businesses.
Original 4-page newspaper edition: The Maitland News, Vol. 01, No. 21, September 25, 1926: Newspaper Collection, accession number 2014.002.020V, room 2, case 2, shelf 10, box GV, Maitland Historical Museum, Art & History Museums - Maitland, Maitland, Florida.
The Maitland News, Vol. 01, No. 22, October 2, 1926
The Maitland News was a local newspaper originally published by the Maitland Realty Company (and later by the Maitland News Company) which began circulation in April 1926. This edition features articles on topics such as the awarding of street paving contracts, hurricane damage in Fort Lauderdale, the death of a local resident, new families settling in Maitland, a local wedding, the hurricane relief efforts of the Maitland Auxiliary, a new secretary for the Chamber of Commerce, a Presbyterian church resuming services, an editorial reprinted from the The Orlando Sentinel on the hurricane that hit South Florida, a Chamber of Commerce picnic, the housing arrangements of local residents, and a local events calendar. Also featured are several advertisements for local businesses.
Original 4-page newspaper edition: The Maitland News, Vol. 01, No. 22, October 2, 1926: Newspaper Collection, accession number 2014.002.020V, room 2, case 2, shelf 10, box GV, Maitland Historical Museum, Art & History Museums - Maitland, Maitland, Florida.
The Maitland News, Vol. 01, No. 24, October 16, 1926
The Maitland News was a local newspaper originally published by the Maitland Realty Company (and later by the Maitland News Company) which began circulation in April 1926. This edition features articles on topics such as a Halloween party, free oranges given away by the Chamber of Commerce, new retail stores, temporary school closures, water service, new school desks, the growth of Maitland, a lecture tour by local resident Harold Peet, the history of early colonial currency, the housing arrangements of local residents, and a local events calendar. Also featured are several advertisements for local businesses.
Original 4-page newspaper edition: The Maitland News, Vol. 01, No. 24, October 16, 1926: Newspaper Collection, accession number 2014.002.020V, room 2, case 2, shelf 10, box GV, Maitland Historical Museum, Art & History Museums - Maitland, Maitland, Florida.
The Maitland News, Vol. 01, No. 25, October 23, 1926
The Maitland News was a local newspaper originally published by the Maitland Realty Company (and later by the Maitland News Company) which began circulation in April 1926. This edition features articles on topics such as the town council voting on street improvements, Maitland artists appearing on WDBO radio, a Halloween party, a Boy Scout camping trip, surveying plans for State Highway No. 3, staff changes at Maitland Lumber Company, a meeting of the Maitland Auxiliary, a meeting of the Parent-Teacher Association, school happenings, the housing arrangements of local residents, and a local events calendar. Also featured is a letter from Winter Park Mayor C. Fred Ward, and several advertisements for local businesses.
Original 4-page newspaper edition: The Maitland News, Vol. 01, No. 25, October 23, 1926: Newspaper Collection, accession number 2014.002.020V, room 2, case 2, shelf 10, box GV, Maitland Historical Museum, Art & History Museums - Maitland, Maitland, Florida.
The Maitland News, Vol. 01, No. 26, October 30, 1926
The Maitland News was a local newspaper originally published by the Maitland Realty Company (and later by the Maitland News Company) which began circulation in April 1926. This edition features articles on topics such as a new fruit marketing company being organized, a new town map being compiled, the postponement of a Chamber of Commerce picnic in Orange County, an installation service at the Presbyterian Church, support for Orange County, the construction of the Ingram Building, preparations for the city water plant, the housing arrangements of local residents, and a local events calendar. Also featured is an anecdote about a Jewish family, and several advertisements for local businesses.
Original 4-page newspaper edition: The Maitland News, Vol. 01, No. 26, October 30, 1926: Newspaper Collection, accession number 2014.002.020V, room 2, case 2, shelf 10, box GV, Maitland Historical Museum, Art & History Museums - Maitland, Maitland, Florida.
The Maitland News, Vol. 01, No. 30, November 27, 1926
The Maitland News was a local newspaper originally published by the Maitland Realty Company (and later by the Maitland News Company) which began circulation in April 1926. This edition features articles on topics such as the completion of the city water plant, the resignation of Donald Spain from the Bank of Maitland, the beautification of Lily Lake, a Parent-Teacher Association Pie Supper, the opening of Sanlando Golf Club, new businesses, fire protection services, road improvements, local fruit, the organization of the town government, pest control, school notes, garden notes, the housing arrangements of local residents, and a local events calendar. Also featured are two jokes, a legal notice, and several advertisements for local businesses.
Original 6-page newspaper edition: The Maitland News, Vol. 01, No. 30, November 27, 1926: Newspaper Collection, accession number 2014.002.020V, room 2, case 2, shelf 10, box GV, Maitland Historical Museum, Art & History Museums - Maitland, Maitland, Florida.
The Maitland News, Vol. 01, No. 31, December 4, 1926
The Maitland News was a local newspaper originally published by the Maitland Realty Company (and later by the Maitland News Company) which began circulation in April 1926. This edition features articles on topics such as the organization of the city government, American Red Cross donations, plans for State Highway No. 3, a Chamber of Commerce supper, the reorganization of the Epworth League, the formation of the Christian Endeavor Society, church services, new housing, a radio agency, water connection rates, school notes, pest control, the housing arrangements of local residents, and a local events calendar. Also featured is a legal notice and several advertisements for local businesses.
Original 4-page newspaper edition: The Maitland News, Vol. 01, No. 31, December 4, 1926: Newspaper Collection, accession number 2014.002.020V, room 2, case 2, shelf 10, box GV, Maitland Historical Museum, Art & History Museums - Maitland, Maitland, Florida.