Andre Clair at the Headstone of Lieutenant Dean N. Post, Jr.
Andre Clair at the headstone of Lieutenant Dean N. Post, Jr. (1921-1944). Lt. Post was a pilot from Tampa, Florida, who served in the U.S. Army during World World II with the 357th Fighter Group of the 264th Fighter Squadron. His airplane crashed in Martimpré, France, on May 27, 1944, and was executed by German authorities after being hidden by French citizens in Gérardmer. Lt. Post is buried at Epinal American Cemetery and Memorial in Dinozé, France.
Original color digital image by Dwight Anderson: Private Collection of Dwight Anderson.
Epinal American Cemetery and Memorial, Dinozé, France
Andrew Aulin, Sr. (1843-1918), the Swedish immigrant credited with naming the town of Oviedo, Florida. Aulin immigrated to Oviedo in 1870 and, in 1879, he was appointed the postmaster of the area formerly called the Lake Jesup Settlement. Aulin also founded the local Ionic Lodge, which was the predecessor to the Masonic Lodge. Aulin was married to Emma Leonora Lawton Aulin (1853-1907) and had five children: Theodore Aulin (1874-1907), Willie Aulin, Martha Lenora Aulin (b. 1844), Mary HAnnah Aulin (1887-1974), and Andrew Aulin, Jr. (1893-1964).
Original black and white photograph: Private Collection of Bettye Reagan.
Andrew Aulin, Jr. (1893-1964) at age 12. Aulin was born on May 20, 1893, to Andrew Aulin, Sr. (1843-1918) and Emma Leonora Lawton Aulin (1853-1907). Aulin's father was the Swedish immigrant credited with naming the town of Oviedo, Florida. Aulin married Mary Alice Powell Aulin (1904-1993) and the couple had five children together: Mary Lenora Aulin (b. 1924), Alice Kathryn Aulin (b. 1926), Charles Warren Aulin, Sr. (1927-1964), Bettye Jean Aulin (b. 1934), and Andrew Aulin, Jr. (b. 1936).
A painting by Bettye Reagan, a local artist in Central Florida, inspired by a photograph of Andrew Aulin, Sr. (1843-1918), the Swedish immigrant credited with naming the town of Oviedo, Florida. Aulin immigrated to Oviedo in 1870 and, in 1879, he was appointed the postmaster of the area formerly called the Lake Jesup Settlement,. Aulin also founded the local Ionic Lodge, which was the predecessor to the Masonic Lodge. Aulin was married to Emma Leonora Lawton Aulin (1853-1907) and had five children: Theodore Aulin, Willie Aulin, Mattie Aulin, Mary Aulin, and Andrew Aulin, Jr.
Original painting: Reagan, Bettye. Andrew Aulin, Sr.. 2005: Private Collection of Bettye Reagan.
Andrew Jenkins, principal of Jones High School in Orlando, Florida, from 1999-2003. During his tenure, Jenkins served as President of the Orange County Association of Secondary School Principals, oversaw the establishment of the Academy of Business and Industry, improved the school's infrastructure and assisted in obtaining several grants. Located in the Parramore/Lorna Doone neighborhood of downtown Orlando, Jones High School was the first area public school for African-Americans. The original building was located on the corner of Garland Avenue and Church Street, but the school was renamed the Johnson Academy and moved to a new building on the corner of Chatham Avenue and West Jefferson Street. In 1921, the school was renamed in honor Principal L. C. Jones and a brick colonial revival building was constructed on the corner of Parramore Avenue and Washington Street. The school was finally moved to its current location at 801 South Rio Grande Avenue in 1952.
Jones High School
Original color photograph: Jones High School Historical Museum, Orlando, Florida.
Postcard showing the Angebilt Hotel, located at 37 North Orange Avenue, was constructed between 1921 and 1923. Plans to build the hotel were announced in June of 1921 and construction cost $1 million. Florida's first registered architect, Murray S. King designed the building in the twentieth century commercial story, complete with eleven stories and 240 hotel rooms. The hotel opened on March 14, 1923. The original owner was Joseph Fenner Ange, who moved to Orlando in 1913 from Martin County, North Carolina. After two months of the building's opening, Ange sold his interest in the hotel. In November 1924, a group of Orlando businessmen purchased the hotel for $1.25 million. Since its opening, the building housed the Angebilt Hotel, the Bank of Orange and Trust Company, and the offices for two radio stations including WDBO ("Way Down By Orlando"), which was the first regular radio station in Orlando. As of 2010, it also holds business offices and two restaurants.
Original 3.5 x 5.5 inch color postcard by Genuine Curteich-Chicago: Orange News Company, Orlando, Florida: Private Collection of Thomas Cook.
The Angebilt Hotel, located at 37 North Orange Avenue in Downtown Orlando, Florda, in 2002. The building was constructed between 1921 and 1923. Plans to build the hotel were announced in June 1921 and construction cost $1 million. Florida's first registered architect, Murray S. King, designed the building in the twentieth century commercial style, complete with eleven stories and 240 hotel rooms. The Angebilt Hotel opened on March 14, 1923. The original owner was Joseph Fenner Ange, who moved to Orlando in 1913 from Martin County, North Carolina. Two months after the building's opening, Ange sold his interest in the hotel. In November 1924, a group of Orlando businessmen purchased the hotel for $1.25 million. Since its opening, the building has housed the Angebilt Hotel, the Bank of Orange and Trust Company, and the offices for two radio stations including Way Down By Orlando (WDBO), which was the first regular radio station in Orlando. As of 2010, it also is occupied by business offices and two restaurants.
Original color digital image by Thomas Cook, 2002: Private Collection of Thomas Cook.
RICHES of Central Florida
Angebilt Hotel, Downtown Orlando, Florida
Bank of Orange and Trust Company, Downtown Orlando, Florida
Way Down By Orlando, Downtown Orlando, Florida
Original color digital image by Thomas Cook, 2003: Private Collection of Thomas Cook.
Ann Blyth and Newton "Newt" Perry on the Underwater Set of "Mr. Peabody and the Mermaid" at Weeki Wachee Springs State Park
Motion pictures--Production and direction
Photograph of Ann Blyth (left) and Newton Perry (right) on the underwater set used in the film "Mr. Peabody and the Mermaid," which was built for filming at Weeki Wachee State Park in 1948. Newton "Newt" Perry was born in Valdosta, Georgia in 1908, and moved with his family to Ocala, Florida in 1922. He was a member of the swimming and diving teams at the University of Florida. Perry earned the nickname "The Human Fish" for his performances of underwater stunts in advertising clips and film shorts, and acted as a swim double for actors in movies and TV shows, including Johnny Weissmuller as "Tarzan." Perry also advised filmmakers filming underwater scenes at Silver Springs, Wakulla Springs, and Weeki Wachee Springs, and developed a system for breathing underwater using an air compressor and hose, which was used in the 1948 film "Mr. Peabody and the Mermaid" and during Weeki Wachee Springs' mermaid shows. Perry worked as a lifeguard, public school principal, coach, swimming and scuba diving instructor, and Ocala city pool manager. He opened Perry's Swim School in 1955, and taught more than 120,000 individuals to swim during his career. Perry was inducted into the Florida Sports Hall of Fame in 1981. Perry's daughter Delee Perry took over Perry's Swim School following her father's death in 1987, and it was still in operation as of 2020. Along with a group of investors, Newton Perry opened Weeki Wachee Springs to the public in October of 1947, and used his experiences working at Silver Springs and Wakulla Springs to develop the original concepts for its underwater theater and mermaid shows. Perry sold his stake in Weeki Wachee Springs in 1950. After peaking in the 1950s and 1960s, attendance began to decline as theme parks and highways changed the dynamics of Florida's tourism. The State of Florida took over the attraction as a state park in 2008. Since then, the park has focused on appealing to a modern audience while preserving its history.
Original photograph of Ann Blyth and Newton "Newt" Perry with underwater film set at Weeki Wachee Springs State Park, 1948: Personal Collection of Delee Perry.
RICHES
Weeki Wachee Springs State Park, Weeki Wachee, Florida
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
Ann Lurton Scott, the wife of Commander David Scott (1932-), and Mary Ellen Irwin, the wife of Lunar Module Pilot James Irwin (1930-1991), during an interview at a post-launch press conference for Apollo 15 on July 26, 1971. Apollo 15 was the first of three extended capabilities missions, which allowed astronauts greater mobility with the Lunar Rover and additional equipment. The mission was crewed by Mission Commander David Scott (1932-), Command Module Pilot Alfred Worden (1932-), and Lunar Module Pilot James Irwin (1930-1991), and was launched from Launch Complex 39A (LC-39A) at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida. Apollo 15 continued on a 12-day mission, including a Moon landing on July 30 and a Pacific Ocean splashdown on August 7.
Original black and white photographic print, July 26, 1971: Larry Summers Collection.
Chronopoints
John F. Kennedy Space Center, Merritt Island, Florida
Ann Tanzler with Weeki Wachee Mermaids and Press Release
Ann Tanzler, wife of Jacksonville Mayor Hans G. Tanzler, putting on a diving mask with the aid of two Weeki Wachee mermaids. An accompanying press release sent out on November 22, 1971, describes the busy life of Ann Tanzler, who, on top of being a homemaker, mother and qualified parachuter, was being trained in the art of underwater ballet. Along with a group of investors, Newton Perry opened Weeki Wachee Springs to the public in October of 1947. At the time, roadside attractions were becoming popular stops along Florida roadways. The attraction consisted of an amalgamation of vendors, an orchid garden, a river boat tour, as well as the star attraction: a mermaid show that took place in an underwater theater. Eventually, the May Museum of the Tropics, an "abandoned Seminole village", a show called “Birds of Prey”, and a petting zoo were added. After peaking in the 1950s and 1960s, attendance began to decline as theme parks and highways changed the dynamics of Florida's tourism. The State of Florida took over the attraction as a state park in 2008. Since then, the park has focused on appealing to a modern audience while preserving its history.
Original black and white photograph by Elmer "Sparky" Schumacher: Weeki Wachee Springs State Park Weeki Wachee, Florida.
1-page press release by News Bureau, November 22,1971: Weeki Wachee Springs State Park Weeki Wachee, Florida.
Roosevelt, Anna Eleanor Roosevelt, 1884-1962
An autographed portrait of Anna Eleanor Roosevelt, which is housed at the Mary McLeod Bethune Foundation, located at 640 Dr. Mary McLeod Bethune Boulevard in Daytona Beach, Florida. Roosevelt was born on October 11, 1884, in New York City, New York, and was commonly known by her middle name, Eleanor. Roosevelt is best known as the First Lady of the United States (FLOTUS) for her husband, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, who served from March 4, 1933 to April 12, 1945. Before coming to Washington, D.C., she served as the First Lady of New York from 1929 to 1932, when her husband was Governor. Roosevelt's activity while First Lady was controversial at the time, but she has since become respected for her activism on a number topics, including race relations, women's roles in the workplace, civil rights for African Americans and Asian Americans, and the rights of World War II refugees. She also arranged from the appointment of Dr. Mary Jane McLeod Bethune as Director of the Division of Negro Affairs of the National Youth Administration (NYA). Dr. Bethune presented Roosevelt with an honorary degree from her college, Bethune-Cookman College in Daytona Beach, Florida, on March 19, 1953. Following her husband's death, Roosevelt continued her political career as the first Chair of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights (UNCHR) from 1956 to 1951, Representative to the UNCHR from 1947 to 1953, Delegate to the UN General Assembly (UNGA) from 1946 to 1952, and Chairwoman of the Presidential Commission on the Status of Women from 1961 to 1962. Roosevelt died on November 7, 1962, in Manhattan in New York City.
Original 8 x 10 inch black and white photographic print: Sun room, image 27, Mary McLeod Bethune Foundation, Daytona Beach, Florida.
Mary McLeod Bethune Foundation, Mary McLeod Bethune Home, Bethune-Cookman University, Daytona Beach, Florida
Anna Sperry DeForest, wife of Henry L. DeForest, in Sanford, Florida. Henry L. DeForest (1857-1902) was born in Derby, Connecticut, and knew Henry Shelton Sanford (1823-1891) since childhood. In 1870, DeForest came to Florida seeking better health in the warmer climate. He became Sanford's agent and helped carry out the work of establishing Sanford. He managed the contracted workers for Sanford's groves, especially the contracted Swedes that Sanford brought over in 1871. By the 1880s, he had married Anna M. Sperry, also from Derby, and had become an established businessman and grove owner in Sanford. He built his general store in 1887, which was the second oldest brick building in Downtown Sanford. His general store was the building where the historic September 1887 fire stopped. DeForest built other commercial buildings in downtown. His home, known as "The Palms," was located at 105 Aldean Drive and still stands today.
Original 5.5 x 3.7 inch black and white photograph: box 1, folder 1, DeForest Collection, Sanford Museum, Sanford, Florida.
Postcard showing the Annie Russell Theatre, located on the campus of Rollins College at 1000 Holt Avenue in Winter Park, Florida. The theatre was built in 1932 and was donated to the Rollins by Mary Curtis Bok Zimbalist in honor of her friend, Annie Ellen Russell (1864-1936), a British-born, American theatrical actress. Russell officially retired from the stage in 1918 and moved to Winter Park.She was encouraged by a friend to teach at Rollins College, and in 1931, the Annie Russell Theatre was founded. She opened the theatre in 1932 with a performance of In a Balcony. She taught at Rollins College until her death in 1936. The Annie Russell Theatre seats 377 people.
Original 5.5 x 3.5 inch black and white postcard: L. L. Cook Company, Milwaukee, Wisconsin: Private Collection of Thomas Cook.
Annual Report of School Progress for Sanford Grammar School, 1977-1978
An annual Report of School Progress for Sanford Grammar School during the 1977-1978 school year. Originally located at 301 West Seventh Street in Sanford, Florida, Sanford Grammar School was first established as Sanford High School in 1902. The building was designed by W. G. Talley in the Romanesque revival style. Due to an increasing student population, a new school building was constructed on Sanford Avenue in 1911. The original building on Seventh Street served as Westside Grammar Elementary School, which was later renamed Sanford Grammar School. In 1984, the building was placed on the U.S. National Registry of Historic Places and converted into the Student Museum. The building reopened as the University of Central Florida's Public History Center in 2012. In 1927, a high school campus was designed by Elton J. Moughton in the Mediterranean revival style and constructed at 1700 French Avenue. The school reopened on January 10 and was renamed Seminole High School. In 1960, the high school moved to a new campus at 2701 Ridgewood Avenue and the former building on French Avenue was converted to Sanford Junior High School, which was later renamed Sanford Middle School. The old building was demolished in the summer of 1991 and replaced by a $5.77 million school complex. As of 2013, Seminole High School offers various Advanced Placement courses, the Academy for Health Careers, and the International Baccalaureate Programme for students.
Original 15-page report: Sanford Grammar Collection, Archives Box 4B, UCF Public History Center, Sanford, Florida.
Sanford Grammar School, Sanford, Florida
Annual Report of the Board of Supervisors of the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District, 1949
The annual report of the Board of Supervisors of the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District for 1949. The organization began in 1948 with a goal to assist in agricultural interests. Over the years, the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District began to also concentrate on the development and management of recreational enterprises. Their interests also entailed inventory and evaluations for land uses and solving issues concerning soil and water resources. In this year's report, the board gives an annual review of the accomplishments of the past and a summation of the objectives for the next year.
Original 4-page typewritten report by the Board of Supervisors of the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District,1949: Folder SSWCD Annual Reports, 1949-1975, Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District, Sanford, Florida.
Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District
Annual Report of the Board of Supervisors of the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District, 1950
The annual report of the Board of Supervisors of the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District for 1950. The organization began in 1948 with a goal to assist in agricultural interests. Over the years, the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District began to also concentrate on the development and management of recreational enterprises. Their interests also entailed inventory and evaluations for land uses and solving issues concerning soil and water resources. In this year's report, the board gives an annual review of the accomplishments of the past and a summation of the objectives for the next year.
Original 6-page typewritten report by the Board of Supervisors of the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District,1950: Folder SSWCD Annual Reports, 1949-1975, Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District, Sanford, Florida.
Annual Report of the Board of Supervisors of the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District, 1954
The annual report of the Board of Supervisors of the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District for 1954. The organization began in 1948 with a goal to assist in agricultural interests. Over the years, the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District began to also concentrate on the development and management of recreational enterprises. Their interests also entailed inventory and evaluations for land uses and solving issues concerning soil and water resources. In this year's report, the board gives an annual review of the accomplishments of the past and a summation of the objectives for the next year.
Original 11-page typewritten report by the Board of Supervisors of the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District,1954: Folder SSWCD Annual Reports, 1949-1975, Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District, Sanford, Florida.
Annual Report of the Board of Supervisors of the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District, 1955
The annual report of the Board of Supervisors of the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District for 1955. The organization began in 1948 with a goal to assist in agricultural interests. Over the years, the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District began to also concentrate on the development and management of recreational enterprises. Their interests also entailed inventory and evaluations for land uses and solving issues concerning soil and water resources. In this year's report, the board gives an annual review of the accomplishments of the past and a summation of the objectives for the next year.
Original 11-page typewritten report by the Board of Supervisors of the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District,1955: Folder SSWCD Annual Reports, 1949-1975, Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District, Sanford, Florida.
Annual Report of the Board of Supervisors of the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District, 1956
The annual report of the Board of Supervisors of the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District for 1956. The organization began in 1948 with a goal to assist in agricultural interests. Over the years, the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District began to also concentrate on the development and management of recreational enterprises. Their interests also entailed inventory and evaluations for land uses and solving issues concerning soil and water resources. In this year's report, the board gives an annual review of the accomplishments of the past and a summation of the objectives for the next year.
Original 13-page typewritten report by the Board of Supervisors of the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District,1956: Folder SSWCD Annual Reports, 1949-1975, Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District, Sanford, Florida.
Annual Report of the Board of Supervisors of the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District, 1957
The annual report of the Board of Supervisors of the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District for 1957. The organization began in 1948 with a goal to assist in agricultural interests. Over the years, the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District began to also concentrate on the development and management of recreational enterprises. Their interests also entailed inventory and evaluations for land uses and solving issues concerning soil and water resources. In this year's report, the board gives an annual review of the accomplishments of the past and a summation of the objectives for the next year.
Original 10-page typewritten report by the Board of Supervisors of the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District,1957: Folder SSWCD Annual Reports, 1949-1975, Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District, Sanford, Florida.
Annual Report of the Board of Supervisors of the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District, 1958
The annual report of the Board of Supervisors of the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District for 1958. The organization began in 1948 with a goal to assist in agricultural interests. Over the years, the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District began to also concentrate on the development and management of recreational enterprises. Their interests also entailed inventory and evaluations for land uses and solving issues concerning soil and water resources. In this year's report, the board gives an annual review of the accomplishments of the past and a summation of the objectives for the next year.
Original 10-page typewritten report by the Board of Supervisors of the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District,1958: Folder SSWCD Annual Reports, 1949-1975, Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District, Sanford, Florida.
Annual Report of the Board of Supervisors of the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District, 1959
The annual report of the Board of Supervisors of the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District for 1959. The organization began in 1948 with a goal to assist in agricultural interests. Over the years, the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District began to also concentrate on the development and management of recreational enterprises. Their interests also entailed inventory and evaluations for land uses and solving issues concerning soil and water resources. In this year's report, the board gives an annual review of the accomplishments of the past and a summation of the objectives for the next year.
Original 12-page typewritten report by the Board of Supervisors of the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District,1959: Folder SSWCD Annual Reports, 1949-1975, Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District, Sanford, Florida.
Annual Report of the Board of Supervisors of the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District, 1960
The annual report of the Board of Supervisors of the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District for 1960. The organization began in 1948 with a goal to assist in agricultural interests. Over the years, the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District began to also concentrate on the development and management of recreational enterprises. Their interests also entailed inventory and evaluations for land uses and solving issues concerning soil and water resources. In this year's report, the board gives an annual review of the accomplishments of the past and a summation of the objectives for the next year.
Original 10-page typewritten report by the Board of Supervisors of the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District,1960: Folder SSWCD Annual Reports, 1949-1975, Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District, Sanford, Florida.
Annual Report of the Board of Supervisors of the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District, 1961
The annual report of the Board of Supervisors of the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District for 1961. The organization began in 1948 with a goal to assist in agricultural interests. Over the years, the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District began to also concentrate on the development and management of recreational enterprises. Their interests also entailed inventory and evaluations for land uses and solving issues concerning soil and water resources. In this year's report, the board gives an annual review of the accomplishments of the past and a summation of the objectives for the next year.
Original 11-page typewritten report by the Board of Supervisors of the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District,1961: Folder SSWCD Annual Reports, 1949-1975, Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District, Sanford, Florida.
Annual Report of the Board of Supervisors of the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District, 1962
The annual report of the Board of Supervisors of the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District for 1962. The organization began in 1948 with a goal to assist in agricultural interests. Over the years, the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District began to also concentrate on the development and management of recreational enterprises. Their interests also entailed inventory and evaluations for land uses and solving issues concerning soil and water resources. In this year's report, the board gives an annual review of the accomplishments of the past and a summation of the objectives for the next year.
Original 7-page typewritten report by the Board of Supervisors of the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District,1962: Folder SSWCD Annual Reports, 1949-1975, Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District, Sanford, Florida.
Annual Report of the Board of Supervisors of the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District, 1963
The annual report of the Board of Supervisors of the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District for 1963. The organization began in 1948 with a goal to assist in agricultural interests. Over the years, the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District began to also concentrate on the development and management of recreational enterprises. Their interests also entailed inventory and evaluations for land uses and solving issues concerning soil and water resources. In this year's report, the board gives an annual review of the accomplishments of the past and a summation of the objectives for the next year.
Original 9-page typewritten report by the Board of Supervisors of the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District,1963: Folder SSWCD Annual Reports, 1949-1975, Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District, Sanford, Florida.
Annual Report of the Board of Supervisors of the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District, 1964
The annual report of the Board of Supervisors of the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District for 1964. The organization began in 1948 with a goal to assist in agricultural interests. Over the years, the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District began to also concentrate on the development and management of recreational enterprises. Their interests also entailed inventory and evaluations for land uses and solving issues concerning soil and water resources. In this year's report, the board gives an annual review of the accomplishments of the past and a summation of the objectives for the next year.
Original 6-page typewritten report by the Board of Supervisors of the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District,1964: Folder SSWCD Annual Reports, 1949-1975, Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District, Sanford, Florida.
Annual Report of the Board of Supervisors of the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District, 1965
The annual report of the Board of Supervisors of the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District for 1965. The organization began in 1948 with a goal to assist in agricultural interests. Over the years, the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District began to also concentrate on the development and management of recreational enterprises. Their interests also entailed inventory and evaluations for land uses and solving issues concerning soil and water resources. In this year's report, the board gives an annual review of the accomplishments of the past and a summation of the objectives for the next year.
Original 6-page typewritten report by the Board of Supervisors of the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District,1965: Folder SSWCD Annual Reports, 1949-1975, Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District, Sanford, Florida.
Annual Report of the Board of Supervisors of the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District, 1967
The annual report of the Board of Supervisors of the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District for 1967. The organization began in 1948 with a goal to assist in agricultural interests. Over the years, the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District began to also concentrate on the development and management of recreational enterprises. Their interests also entailed inventory and evaluations for land uses and solving issues concerning soil and water resources. In this year's report, the board gives an annual review of the accomplishments of the past and a summation of the objectives for the next year. The report acknowledges contributions from the Seminole County Board of Commissioners and the assistance of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the Florida State Forestry Service.
Original 6-page typewritten report by the Board of Supervisors of the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District,1967: Folder SSWCD Annual Reports, 1949-1975, Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District, Sanford, Florida.
Annual Report of the Board of Supervisors of the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District, January 1974
The annual report of the Board of Supervisors of the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District for January 1974. The organization began in 1948 with a goal to assist in agricultural interests. Over the years, the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District began to also concentrate on the development and management of recreational enterprises. Their interests also entailed inventory and evaluations for land uses and solving issues concerning soil and water resources. This report discusses the introduction of new plants and grasses to Seminole County and also mentions a flood hazard study for U.S. Housing and Urban Development (HUD). In this year's report, the board gives an annual review of the accomplishments of the past and a summation of the objectives for the next year.
Original 5-page typewritten report by the Board of Supervisors of the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District, January 1974: Folder SSWCD Annual Reports, 1949-1974, Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District, Sanford, Florida.
Annual Report of the Board of Supervisors of the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District,1968
The annual report of the Board of Supervisors of the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District for 1968. The organization began in 1948 with a goal to assist in agricultural interests. Over the years, the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District began to also concentrate on the development and management of recreational enterprises. Their interests also entailed inventory and evaluations for land uses and solving issues concerning soil and water resources. In this year's report, the board gives an annual review of the accomplishments of the past and a summation of the objectives for the next year.
Original 4-page typewritten report by the Board of Supervisors of the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District,1968: Folder SSWCD Annual Reports, 1949-1975, Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District, Sanford, Florida.
Annual Report of the Board of Supervisors of the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District,1969
The annual report of the Board of Supervisors of the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District for 1969. In this year's report, the board gives an annual review of the accomplishments of the past and a summation of the objectives for the next year. The report acknowledges contributions from the Seminole County Board of Commissioners and the assistance of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the Florida State Forestry Service. The report also discusses the 1969 Recreational Potential Appraisal meant to publicize areas within Seminole County with recreational or public attraction potential. Additionally, the report describes the popular use of ponds for water storage and stocking of fish, such as bream and black bass for recreational purposes. Nineteen ponds were constructed along with 22,000 feet of drainage ditches, and 90,000 feet of vegetable tiles. Finally, the report includes an appropriation ledger for office supplies and expenses for 1968 and 1969.
Original 6-page typewritten report by the Board of Supervisors of the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District,1969: Folder SSWCD Annual Reports, 1949-1975, Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District, Sanford, Florida.
Annual Report of the Board of Supervisors of the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District,1970
The annual report of the Board of Supervisors of the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District for 1970. The organization began in 1948 with a goal to assist in agricultural interests. Over the years, the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District began to also concentrate on the development and management of recreational enterprises. Their interests also entailed inventory and evaluations for land uses and solving issues concerning soil and water resources. In this year's report, the board gives an annual review of the accomplishments of the past and a summation of the objectives for the next year. The report acknowledges contributions from the Seminole County Board of Commissioners and the assistance of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the Florida State Forestry Service. The report also thanks the local office of the Farm Bureau and the local radio station, WTRR, for promoting conservation efforts. Additionally, the report discusses the introduction to the county of a new pasture grass called Haltgrass, or Hemarthria Altissima, furnished by the Plant Materials Center of the Soil Conservation Service it Brooksville, Florida. The report explains that the new grass is useful for grazing and haying. Finally, the report discusses the revamping of tile systems on vegetable land and includes statistical information for 1970 and an appropriation ledger for office supplies and expenses for 1969 and 1970.
Original 7-page typewritten report by the Board of Supervisors of the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District,1970: Folder SSWCD Annual Reports, 1949-1975, Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District, Sanford, Florida.
Annual Report of the Board of Supervisors of the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District,1971
The annual report of the Board of Supervisors of the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District for 1971. In this year's report, the board gives an annual review of the accomplishments of the past and a summation of the objectives for the next year. The report acknowledges contributions from the Seminole County Board of Commissioners and the assistance of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the Florida State Forestry Service. The report also thanks the local office of the Farm Bureau and the local radio station, WTRR, for promoting conservation efforts. The report also discusses the introduction to the county of a new pasture grass called Hemarthria Altissima, furnished by the Plant Materials Center of the Soil Conservation Service in Brooksville, Florida, due to its low temperature requirements and rank growth. Finally, the report discusses the development and management of fishponds and catfish production and two animal waste lagoons installed at local dairies.
Original 5-page typewritten report by the Board of Supervisors of the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District,1971: Folder SSWCD Annual Reports, 1949-1975, Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District, Sanford, Florida.
Annual Report of the Board of Supervisors of the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District,1972
The annual report of the Board of Supervisors of the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District for 1972. The organization began in 1948 with a goal to assist in agricultural interests. Over the years, the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District began to also concentrate on the development and management of recreational enterprises. Their interests also entailed inventory and evaluations for land uses and solving issues concerning soil and water resources. In this year's report, the board gives an annual review of the accomplishments of the past and a summation of the objectives for the next year. The report acknowledges contributions from the Seminole County Board of Commissioners and the assistance of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the Florida State Forestry Service. The report also thanks the local office of the Farm Bureau and the local radio station, WTRR, for promoting conservation efforts.
Original 2-page typewritten report by the Board of Supervisors of the Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District,1972: Folder SSWCD Annual Reports, 1949-1975, Seminole Soil and Water Conservation District, Sanford, Florida.
Annual Worker Plan Schedule for Pilgrim Black
A sheath for Annual Worker Plan Schedule issued by the Farm Placement Service of the U.S. Employment Service, an agency of the U.S. Department of Labor. This sheath was owned by Pilgrim Black (1905-2002), who was born in 1905, although some records list 1907 as his birth year. Pilgrim and his wife, Lula Mae Haynes Black (1917-2007), were migrant crew leaders, and thus migrated to Wayne County in Upstate New York in the summers and back to their home in Sanford for the rest of the year. Pilgrim was the son of Harry Black (d. 1911) and Maggie Benjamin Black (ca.1870-ca.1934), who migrated to Sanford from South Carolina in the 1800s. Harry and Maggie had several children: Leckward Black, Mustar Black, Malachi Black, Leatha Black Walker (1889-1976), Pilgrim Black, Margaret Black Jones (1889-1976), and Harriett Black Lawson. In 1911, Harry owned a grocery store at 206 South Sanford Avenue. One day, he came home from work with pneumonia and passed away shortly thereafter. Pilgrim was nine years old when his father passed away. Maggie was the daughter of former slaves, Isaac and Roseanna Benjamin, and the sister of Nathan Benjamin, Pledge Benjamin, Sam Benjamin, Loui Benjamin, Chainey Benjamin, Lara Benjamin, Melvina Benjamin, and Katie Benjamin. Pilgrim had to quit school at age 11 in order to provide for his mother, originally working in a mill house until he was 18 years old. After declining a management position, he traveled to Wayne County to pick cherries, apples, pears, and other crops. He broke a bone after falling from an apple tree his first year and decided to try farm labor on a potato farm in Red Creek, New York, instead. Don Holdridge, the farmer who owned the land, noted Pilgrim's high rate of productivity and offered him a management position supervising up to thirty workers at once, which he accepted. While in Sanford, Pilgrim also worked as a foreman in Sanford for Chase & Company for over 30 years. He married Lula in 1937 and they had several children together, including Vivian Louise Black (1940-); Lula Yvonne Black (1942-); Charles Samuel Black (1945-); Pilgrim Black, Jr. (ca. 1947-), and Patricia Ann Black (1956-).
Farm Placement Service, United States Employment Service, United States Department of Labor
Original red sheath: Farm Placement Service, United States Employment Service, United States Department of Labor: Private Collection of Patricia Ann Black.
Another Cigar Factory: Sanford is the Location for Making Clear Havanas
Newspaper article on the arrival of a new Berriman Brothers cigar factory in Sanford, Florida, in 1910. The article reports that the third floor of the Sanford City Hall was modeled for a Berriman Bros. cigar factory, but was declared inadequate by the brothers. Instead, the Berriman Brothers planned to occupy the second floor of the Stone-Gove block. Their former room in city hall was planned to be used by Menendez Brothers & Verplank, according to the article. The Berriman Brothers operated a large, cigar manufacturer headquartered in Tampa, Florida. The brothers sold their firm to Wengle and Mandell in 1930 and the company transformed its production to undercoating products in 1950. The cigar industry was first brought to Florida by Cuban immigrants in the 1830s and became one of the most important industries in the Southeast by the last quarter of the 19th century, with Tampa serving as the cigar manufacturing center in the state. In the late 1800s, cigar factories began to appear in various other Florida cities, such as Jacksonville and Tallahassee. Cigar manufacturing first appeared in Sanford sometime between 1909 and 1912. The Florida cigar industry came to its peak in the first quarter of the 20th century, but then declined during the Great Depression and World War II, due to the accumulation of labor union conflicts over the years, the mechanization of production, and changing consumer demands. The industry was revitalized during the 1950s as production soared, despite the decline of the number of workers. Following the Cuban Revolution of the late 1950s and the U.S. embargo on Cuban products in 1962, the Florida cigar industry again declined. The Cuban embargo included tobacco, thus forcing American cigar rollers to begin using Dominican tobacco.
Photocopy of original newspaper article: "Another Cigar Factory." The Sanford Herald, October 7, 1910: Cigars Collection, Museum of Seminole County History, Sanford, Florida.
The Sanford Herald
Berriman Brothers Cigar Factory, Downtown Sanford, Florida
Sanford City Hall, Downtown Sanford, Florida
Antioch Missionary Baptist Church of Oviedo
The Antioch Missionary Baptist Church, located at 311 East Broadway Street in Oviedo, Florida, sometime between 1875 and 1950. In 1875, members of the African-American community came together to build a small place of worship. Adjacent to the church was a traditional one room "Red School House." By 1913, another room was added due to the increase in students. In the "little room," first through fourth grades were taught, while fifth through eighth grades were taught in the "big room." By 1923, the building had begun to deteriorate and $2,000 were appropriated to renovate. However, plans were made to purchase a building that was formerly used for white students on South Division Street. For 10 years, three teachers taught with little to no resources. By 1950, a number of classrooms were added and the ninth and tenth grades were added to the school. During the 1950s, all of the Oviedo area colored schools were consolidated. A new site was built where the younger grades were held, while the older grades remained at the old site. The school went through a variety of names: Orange Academy, Seminole Academy, Oviedo Junior High School, and Oviedo Elementary School. On December 8, 1961, the Seminole County School Board officially approved the name chosen by students and the Parent-Teacher Association (PTA) members: Jackson Heights.
Original black and white photograph: The World Outside Reunion, "A Written and Pictorial History of the Oviedo Area Colored Schools": Judith Smith Publishing: Private Collection of Ida Boston.
Antioch Missionary Baptist Church, Oviedo, Florida
A postcard depicting the Bloedberg, or Butcher's Hall, in Antwerp, Belgium. The second hall was built in 1250, but when the first was built is unknown. It was originally founded as an indoor trade market, because Antwerp was one of the economic centers of the country. This postcard is part of a collection of postcards kept by Lucile Campbell, a schoolteacher in Sanford, Florida, for 30 years. In 1931, she took advantage of a special rate for teachers and sailed to Europe, where she traveled for several months and is thought to have acquired many of these postcards. During the 1940-1941 school year, Campbell taught at Sanford Grammar School. Before her retirement in 1970, she taught at many other area schools, including the Oviedo School, Westside Grammar School, and Pinecrest Elementary School. Campbell used these postcards as aids in her classrooms to teach advanced subjects, such as Shakespearean drama. The collection, along with her other teaching aids, papers, and photographs, was later found at Sanford Grammar School after it became the University of Central Florida's Public History Center. Campbell's postcard collection and photographs provide insight into the life of a respected Florida educator.
Original 3 x 5 inch black and white photographic postcard: ACC# SM-00-243, file folder 1A (non-U.S. blanks), box 10A, Lucile (Mary Lucile) Campbell Collection, UCF Public History Center, Sanford, Florida.
In 2017, the University of Central Florida was one of three universities selected to launch the National Cemetery Administration’s Veterans Legacy Program Project. The program engaged a team of scholars to make the life stories of veterans buried in the Florida National Cemetery available to the public. The project engages UCF students in research and writing and fosters collaboration between students, faculty and local Central Florida schools to produce interactive curriculum for k-12 students. The corresponding website exhibit uses RICHES Mosaic Interface to create a digital archive of related data. The public can use the project-developed augmented-reality app at more than 100 gravesites at the Florida National Cemetery, where they can access the UCF student-authored biographies of veterans.
Lunar Module Pilot Buzz Aldrin (1930-) in his spacesuit in preparation for the Apollo 11 flight at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida. Apollo 11 was the first space mission where humans set foot on another celestial body, the Moon. Launched from Launch Pad 39A on July 16, 1969, the Apollo 11 fired the third stage engines two and half hours after launch to leave Earth's gravitational pull. The mission was highlighted by the first lunar landing by human beings and Mission Commander Neil Armstrong's (1930-2012) descent from the Lunar Module (LM) to place his foot on the surface of the Moon. He and Aldrin spent less than 22 hours on the Moon, including two and half hours outside Eagle, their Lunar Module. The crew, which also included Command Module Pilot Michael Collins (1930-), returned to Earth on July 24, 1969.
Original black and white photographic print, June 16, 1969: Space Walk of Fame Collection.
Manned Spacecraft Operations Building, John F. Kennedy Space Center, Merritt Island, Florida
Apollo 11 Astronaut Buzz Aldrin Aboard the Lunar Module
Lunar Module Pilot Buzz Aldrin (1930-) aboard the Lunar Module (LM( during Apollo 11, which was the first space mission where humans set foot on another celestial body, the Moon. Launched from Launch Pad 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida, on July 16, 1969, the Apollo 11 fired the third stage engines two and half hours after launch to leave Earth's gravitational pull. The mission was highlighted by the first lunar landing by human beings and Mission Commander Neil Armstrong's (1930-2012) descent from the LM to place his foot on the surface of the Moon. He and Aldrin spent less than 22 hours on the Moon, including two and half hours outside Eagle, their Lunar Module. The crew, which also included Command Module Pilot Michael Collins (1930-), returned to Earth on July 24, 1969.
Original color photographic print, July 16, 1969: Leonard Pugh Collection.
Apollo 11 Astronaut Buzz Aldrin Examining Lunar Surface Photographs
Prior to the Apollo 11 mission, Lunar Module Pilot Buzz Aldrin (1930-) examining lunar surface photographs taken by an unmanned probe. Apollo 11 was the first space mission where humans set foot on another celestial body, the Moon. Launched from Launch Pad 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida, on July 16, 1969, the Apollo 11 fired the third stage engines two and half hours after launch to leave Earth's gravitational pull. The mission was highlighted by the first lunar landing by human beings and Mission Commander Neil Armstrong's (1930-2012) descent from the Lunar Module (LM) to place his foot on the surface of the Moon. He and Aldrin spent less than 22 hours on the Moon, including two and half hours outside Eagle, their Lunar Module. The crew, which also included Command Module Pilot Michael Collins (1930-), returned to Earth on July 24, 1969.
Original black and white photographic print, July 14, 1969: Space Walk of Fame Collection.
Command Module Pilot Michael Collins (1930-) in his spacesuit in preparation for the Apollo 11 flight at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida. Apollo 11 was the first space mission where humans set foot on another celestial body, the Moon. Launched from Launch Pad 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida, on July 16, 1969, the Apollo 11 fired the third stage engines two and half hours after launch to leave Earth's gravitational pull. The mission was highlighted by the first lunar landing by human beings and Mission Commander Neil Armstrong's (1930-2012) descent from the Lunar Module (LM) to place his foot on the surface of the Moon. He and Lunar Module Pilot Buzz Aldrin (1930-) spent less than 22 hours on the Moon, including two and half hours outside Eagle, their Lunar Module. The crew returned to Earth on July 24, 1969.
Original black and white photographic print, July 16, 1969: Space Walk of Fame Collection.
Mission Commander Neil Armstrong (1930-2012) in his spacesuit in preparation for the Apollo 11 flight at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida. Apollo 11 was the first space mission where humans set foot on another celestial body, the Moon. Launched from Launch Pad 39A on July 16, 1969, the Apollo 11 fired the third stage engines two and half hours after launch to leave Earth's gravitational pull. The mission was highlighted by the first lunar landing by human beings and Armstrong's descent from the Lunar Module (LM) to place his foot on the surface of the Moon. He and Lunar Module Pilot Buzz Aldrin (1930-) spent less than 22 hours on the Moon, including two and half hours outside Eagle, their Lunar Module. The crew, which also included Command Module Pilot Michael Collins (1930-), returned to Earth on July 24, 1969.
Apollo 11 Astronaut Neil Armstrong at Pre-Launch Breakfast
Mission Commander Neil Armstrong (1930-2012) eating breakfast at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida, before the Apollo 11 launch. Apollo 11 was the first space mission where humans set foot on another celestial body, the Moon. Launched from Launch Pad 39A on July 16, 1969, the Apollo 11 fired the third stage engines two and half hours after launch to leave Earth's gravitational pull. The mission was highlighted by the first lunar landing by human beings and Armstrong's descent from the Lunar Module (LM) to place his foot on the surface of the Moon. He and Lunar Module Pilot Buzz Aldrin (1930-) spent less than 22 hours on the Moon, including two and half hours outside Eagle, their Lunar Module. The crew, which also included Command Module Pilot Michael Collins (1930-), returned to Earth on July 24, 1969.
Apollo 11 Astronaut Neil Armstrong Practicing Moon Landing
At Ellington Air Force Base (originally called Ellington Field) in Houston, Texas, Mission Commander Neil Armstrong (1930-2012) practicing the moon landing with the Lunar Landing Training Vehicle (LLTV). Apollo 11 was the first space mission where humans set foot on another celestial body, the Moon. Launched from Launch Pad 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida, on July 16, 1969, the Apollo 11 fired the third stage engines two and half hours after launch to leave Earth's gravitational pull. The mission was highlighted by the first lunar landing by human beings and Armstrong's descent from the Lunar Module (LM) to place his foot on the surface of the Moon. He and Lunar Module Pilot Buzz Aldrin (1930-) spent less than 22 hours on the Moon, including two and half hours outside Eagle, their Lunar Module. The crew, which also included Command Module Pilot Michael Collins (1930-), returned to Earth on July 24, 1969.
Ellington Air Force Base, Houston, Texas
Mission Commander Neil Armstrong (1930-2012), Command Module Pilot Michael Collins (1930-), and Lunar Module Pilot Buzz Aldrin (1930-) in front of their Saturn V on Launch Pad 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida. Apollo 11 was the first space mission where humans set foot on another celestial body, the Moon. Launched from Launch Pad 39A on July 16, 1969, the Apollo 11 fired the third stage engines two and half hours after launch to leave Earth's gravitational pull. The mission was highlighted by the first lunar landing by human beings and Armstrong's descent from the Lunar Module (LM) to place his foot on the surface of the Moon. He and Aldrin spent less than 22 hours on the Moon, including two and half hours outside Eagle, their Lunar Module. The crew returned to Earth on July 24, 1969.
Original color photographic print, May 20, 1969: Leonard Pugh Collection.
Apollo 11 Crew at Pre-Launch Press Conference
The crew of Apollo 11 at the last press conference before their flight. Photographed from left to right are Lunar Module Pilot Buzz Aldrin (1930-), Mission Commander Neil Armstrong (1930-2012), and Command Module Pilot Michael Collins (1930-). Apollo 11 was the first space mission where humans set foot on another celestial body, the Moon. Launched from Launch Pad 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida, on July 16, 1969, the Apollo 11 fired the third stage engines two and half hours after launch to leave Earth's gravitational pull. The mission was highlighted by the first lunar landing by human beings and Armstrong's descent from the Lunar Module (LM) to place his foot on the surface of the Moon. He and Aldrin spent less than 22 hours on the Moon, including two and half hours outside Eagle, their Lunar Module. The crew returned to Earth on July 24, 1969.
Original black and white photographic print, July 14, 1969: Larry Summers Collection.
The Apollo 11 crew eating dinner the night before the flight with other astronauts at the Manned Spacecraft Operations Building (MSOB) of John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida. Photographed in the foreground, from left to right, are astronauts Fred Haise (1933-), Deke Slayton (1924-1993), Jim Lovell (1928-), Command Module Pilot Michael Collins (1930-, and Ken Mattingly (1936-). Across the table, from left to right, are astronauts Lunar Module Pilot Buzz Aldrin (1930-), Mission Commander Neil Armstrong (1930-2012), William Anders (1933-), and Ronald Evans (1933-1990). Apollo 11 was the first space mission where humans set foot on another celestial body, the Moon. Launched from Launch Pad 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida, on July 16, 1969, the Apollo 11 fired the third stage engines two and half hours after launch to leave Earth's gravitational pull. The mission was highlighted by the first lunar landing by human beings and Armstrong's descent from the Lunar Module (LM) to place his foot on the surface of the Moon. He and Aldrin spent less than 22 hours on the Moon, including two and half hours outside Eagle, their Lunar Module. The crew returned to Earth on July 24, 1969.
Original black and white photographic print, July 15, 1969: Leonard Pugh Collection.
Apollo 11 Crew Breakfast at John F. Kennedy Space Center Before Flight
The Apollo 11 crew breakfast with Deke Slayton (1924-1993) (1924-1993), a Mercury Seven astronaut himself, and William Anders (1933-). Shown in the photograph, left front to right front, are Command Module Pilot Michael Collins (1930-), Mission Commander Neil Armstrong (1930-2012), Anders, Lunar Module Pilot Buzz Aldrin (1930-), and Director of Flight Crew Operations Slayton. Apollo 11 was the first space mission where humans set foot on another celestial body, the Moon. Launched from Launch Pad 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida, on July 16, 1969, the Apollo 11 fired the third stage engines two and half hours after launch to leave Earth's gravitational pull. The mission was highlighted by the first lunar landing by human beings and Armstrong's descent from the Lunar Module (LM) to place his foot on the surface of the Moon. He and Aldrin spent less than 22 hours on the Moon, including two and half hours outside Eagle, their Lunar Module. The crew returned to Earth on July 24, 1969.
Apollo 11 Crew Entering the Capsule for Testing
A test of Apollo 11, with its crew and support workers, in the days leading up to launch. Photographed in the White Room on Launch Pad 39A from left to right are an unidentified support worker, Command Module Pilot Michael Collins (1930-), Lunar Module Pilot Buzz Aldrin (1930-), Mission Commander Neil Armstrong (1930-2012), Spacecraft Preparation Head Günter F. Wendt (1923-2010), and another unidentified worker. Apollo 11 was the first space mission where humans set foot on another celestial body, the Moon. Launched from Launch Pad 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida, on July 16, 1969, the Apollo 11 fired the third stage engines two and half hours after launch to leave Earth's gravitational pull. The mission was highlighted by the first lunar landing by human beings and Armstrong's descent from the Lunar Module (LM) to place his foot on the surface of the Moon. He and Aldrin spent less than 22 hours on the Moon, including two and half hours outside Eagle, their Lunar Module. The crew, which also included Collins, returned to Earth on July 24, 1969.
Original color photographic print, July 3, 1969: Leonard Pugh Collection.
Apollo 11 Crew Entering the Transfer Van to Launch Pad 39A
The Apollo 11 crew, led by Mission Commander Neil Armstrong's (1930-2012), Command Module Pilot Michael Collins (1930-), and Lunar Module Pilot Buzz Aldrin (1930-), exiting the Manned Spacecraft Operations Building (MSOB) to board the transfer van to Launch Pad 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida. Apollo 11 was the first space mission where humans set foot on another celestial body, the Moon. Launched from Launch Pad 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida, on July 16, 1969, the Apollo 11 fired the third stage engines two and half hours after launch to leave Earth's gravitational pull. The mission was highlighted by the first lunar landing by human beings and Armstrong's descent from the Lunar Module (LM) to place his foot on the surface of the Moon. He and Aldrin spent less than 22 hours on the Moon, including two and half hours outside Eagle, their Lunar Module. The crew returned to Earth on July 24, 1969.
Apollo 11 Crew in the Mobile Quarantine Facility
Apollo 11 astronauts in the Mobile Quarantine Facility used to transport them from landing site in the North Pacific Ocean to Houston, Texas. Photographed from left to right are Command Module Pilot Michael Collins (1930-), Lunar Module Pilot Buzz Aldrin (1930-), and Mission Commander Neil Armstrong (1930-2012). Apollo 11 was the first space mission where humans set foot on another celestial body, the Moon. Launched from Launch Pad 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida, on July 16, 1969, the Apollo 11 fired the third stage engines two and half hours after launch to leave Earth's gravitational pull. The mission was highlighted by the first lunar landing by human beings and Armstrong's descent from the Lunar Module (LM) to place his foot on the surface of the Moon. He and Aldrin spent less than 22 hours on the Moon, including two and half hours outside Eagle, their Lunar Module. The crew returned to Earth on July 24, 1969.
Original color photographic print, July 26, 1969: Leonard Pugh Collection.
Hickam Air Force Base, Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
Apollo 11 Crew on the USS Hornet After Recovery
The Apollo 11 crew on the USS Hornet after splashdown and recovery. Photographed from left to right in quarantine suits are Lunar Module Pilot Buzz Aldrin (1930-), Mission Commander Neil Armstrong's (1930-2012), and Command Module Pilot Michael Collins (1930-). Apollo 11 was the first space mission where humans set foot on another celestial body, the Moon. Launched from Launch Pad 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida, on July 16, 1969, the Apollo 11 fired the third stage engines two and half hours after launch to leave Earth's gravitational pull. The mission was highlighted by the first lunar landing by human beings and Armstrong's descent from the Lunar Module (LM) to place his foot on the surface of the Moon. He and Aldrin spent less than 22 hours on the Moon, including two and half hours outside Eagle, their Lunar Module. The crew, which also included Collins, returned to Earth on July 24, 1969.
Original black and white photographic print, July 24, 1969: Leonard Pugh Collection.
The launch of Apollo 11, which was the first space mission where humans set foot on another celestial body, the Moon. Launched from Launch Pad 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida, on July 16, 1969, the Apollo 11 fired the third stage engines two and half hours after launch to leave Earth's gravitational pull. The mission was highlighted by the first lunar landing by human beings and Mission Commander Neil Armstrong's (1930-2012) descent from the Lunar Module (LM) to place his foot on the surface of the Moon. He and Lunar Module Pilot Buzz Aldrin (1930-) spent less than 22 hours on the Moon, including two and half hours outside Eagle, their Lunar Module. The crew, which also included Command Module Pilot Michael Collins (1930-), returned to Earth on July 24, 1969.
Original color photographic prints, July 16, 1969: Leonard Pugh Collection.
Apollo 11 was the first space mission where humans set foot on another celestial body, the Moon. Launched from Launch Pad 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida, on July 16, 1969, the Apollo 11 fired the third stage engines two and half hours after launch to leave Earth's gravitational pull. The mission was highlighted by the first lunar landing by human beings and Mission Commander Neil Armstrong's (1930-2012) descent from the Lunar Module (LM) to place his foot on the surface of the Moon. He and Lunar Module Pilot Buzz Aldrin (1930-) spent less than 22 hours on the Moon, including two and half hours outside Eagle, their Lunar Module. The crew, which also included Command Module Pilot Michael Collins (1930-), returned to Earth on July 24, 1969.
The plaque attached to the leg of the Lunar Module (LM) of the Apollo 11 spacecraft. Apollo 11 was the first space mission where humans set foot on another celestial body, the Moon. Launched from Launch Pad 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida, on July 16, 1969, the Apollo 11 fired the third stage engines two and half hours after launch to leave Earth's gravitational pull. The mission was highlighted by the first lunar landing by human beings and Mission Commander Neil Armstrong's (1930-2012) descent from the Lunar Module (LM) to place his foot on the surface of the Moon. He and Lunar Module Pilot Buzz Aldrin (1930-) spent less than 22 hours on the Moon, including two and half hours outside Eagle, their Lunar Module. The crew, which also included Command Module Pilot Michael Collins (1930-), returned to Earth on July 24, 1969.
Original black and white photographic print: Leonard Pugh Collection.
Original color photographic prints, July 20, 1969: Leonard Pugh Collection.
Apollo 11 reentering the Earth's atmosphere. Apollo 11 was the first space mission where humans set foot on another celestial body, the Moon. Launched from Launch Pad 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida, on July 16, 1969, the Apollo 11 fired the third stage engines two and half hours after launch to leave Earth's gravitational pull. The mission was highlighted by the first lunar landing by human beings and Mission Commander Neil Armstrong's (1930-2012) descent from the Lunar Module (LM) to place his foot on the surface of the Moon. He and Lunar Module Pilot Buzz Aldrin (1930-) spent less than 22 hours on the Moon, including two and half hours outside Eagle, their Lunar Module. The crew, which also included Command Module Pilot Michael Collins (1930-), returned to Earth on July 24, 1969.
Original color photographic print, July 24, 1969: Leonard Pugh Collection.
Apollo 11's ascent from the Moon. Apollo 11 was the first space mission where humans set foot on another celestial body, the Moon. Launched from Launch Pad 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida, on July 16, 1969, the Apollo 11 fired the third stage engines two and half hours after launch to leave Earth's gravitational pull. The mission was highlighted by the first lunar landing by human beings and Mission Commander Neil Armstrong's (1930-2012) descent from the Lunar Module (LM) to place his foot on the surface of the Moon. He and Lunar Module Pilot Buzz Aldrin (1930-) spent less than 22 hours on the Moon, including two and half hours outside Eagle, their Lunar Module. The crew, which also included Command Module Pilot Michael Collins (1930-), returned to Earth on July 24, 1969.
Original color photographic print, July 21, 1969: Leonard Pugh Collection.
Apollo 12 Crew Training to Use Tools on the Moon
Mission Commander Pete Conrad (1930-1999) and Lunar Module Pilot Alan Bean (1932-) training to use tools during their Moon landing at the Flight Crew Training Facility of John F. Kennedy Space Center in Merritt Island, Florida. Apollo 12 was the second mission which landed men on the moon and the first to bring a color television camera to the lunar surface, but transmission was lost after Bean accidently destroyed the camera by pointing it at the Sun. The mission crew was composed of Conrad, Bean, and Command Module Pilot Richard F. Gordon, Jr. (1929-). The spacecraft was launched November 14, 1969. The mission gathered samples, deployed equipment to perform experiments, and retrieved parts of the Surveyor 3 lander probe, which had been on the Moon's surface since April 20, 1967. The significance of the recovery of Surveyor III parts allowed scientist to examine the long term effects of the lunar environment on spacecraft.
Original black and white photographic prints, September 30, 1969: Larry Summers Collection.
The sky appears dark because of the brightness of the rocket plume at liftoff, so the photograph was shot with a very small aperture. Apollo 12 was the second mission which landed men on the moon and the first to bring a color television camera to the lunar surface, but transmission was lost after Bean accidently destroyed the camera by pointing it at the Sun. The mission crew was composed of Mission Commander Pete Conrad (1930-1999); Command Module Pilot Richard F. Gordon, Jr. (1929-); and Lunar Module Pilot Alan Bean (1932-), and was launched November 14, 1969. The mission gathered samples, deployed equipment to perform experiments, and retrieved parts of the Surveyor 3 lander probe, which had been on the Moon's surface since April 20, 1967. The significance of the recovery of Surveyor III parts allowed scientist to examine the long term effects of the lunar environment on spacecraft.
Original black and white photographic print, November 14, 1969: Larry Summers Collection.
Apollo 12 Rollout From Vehicle Assembly Building to Launch Pad 39A
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) rolls Apollo 12 from the Vehicle Assembly Building to Launch Complex 39A (LC-39A) on one of the massive crawler-transporters at John F. Kennedy Space Center in Merritt Island, Florida. Apollo 12 was the second mission which landed men on the moon and the first to bring a color television camera to the lunar surface, but transmission was lost after Bean accidently destroyed the camera by pointing it at the Sun. The mission crew was composed of Mission Commander Pete Conrad (1930-1999)
Command Module Pilot Richard F. Gordon, Jr. (1929-)
and Lunar Module Pilot Alan Bean (1932-), and was launched November 14, 1969. The mission gathered samples, deployed equipment to perform experiments, and retrieved parts of the Surveyor 3 lander probe, which had been on the Moon's surface since April 20, 1967. The significance of the recovery of Surveyor III parts allowed scientist to examine the long term effects of the lunar environment on spacecraft.
Original black and white photographic prints, September 8, 1969: Larry Summers Collection.
Saturn Causeway, John F. Kennedy Space Center, Merritt Island, Florida
The famous and ill-fated Apollo 13 spacecraft at Launch Complex 39A (LC-39A) of John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida. The mission was crewed by Mission Commander Jim Lovell (1928-), Lunar Module Pilot Fred Haise (1933-), and Command Module Pilot Jack Swigert (1931-1982). Apollo 13 was termed a "successful failure," because the crew survived even though they did not accomplish its original objective of landing on the moon. Apollo 13 launched on April 11, 1970, but an oxygen tank in the Service Module had exploded around 56 hours into the mission, as a result of a series of mismatched modifications and unfortunate testing, causing the mission and the astronauts being put in jeopardy. The Moon landing did not happen, but the astronauts landed safely in the Pacific Ocean on April 17.
Original black and white photographic print, March 24, 1970: Larry Summers Collection.
Backup Apollo 13 Mission Commander John Young (1930-) practices scooping soil samples at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida. Apollo 13 was crewed by Mission Commander Jim Lovell (1928-) , Lunar Module Pilot Fred Haise (1933-), and Command Module Pilot Jack Swigert (1931-1982). Apollo 13 was termed a "successful failure," because the crew survived even though they did not accomplish its original objective of landing on the moon. Apollo 13 launched on April 11, 1970, but an oxygen tank in the Service Module had exploded around 56 hours into the mission, as a result of a series of mismatched modifications and unfortunate testing, causing the mission and the astronauts being put in jeopardy. The Moon landing did not happen, but the astronauts landed safely in the Pacific Ocean on April 17. While Young did not serve on the Apollo 13 mission, he did fly on Gemini 3 as Pilot, Gemini 10 as Command Pilot, Apollo 10 as Command Module Pilot, and Apollo 16, Space Transportation System-1 (STS-1), and STS-9 (Spacelab 1) as Mission Commander.
Original black and white photographic print, February 19, 1970: Larry Summers Collection.
Apollo 13 Before Launch at Launch Complex 39A
With the Launch Umbilical Tower (LUT) in the foreground, the Saturn V of Apollo 13 sitting on Launch Pad 39A of John F. Kennedy Space Center in Merritt Island, Florida. Apollo 13 was crewed by Mission Commander Jim Lovell (1928-), Lunar Module Pilot Fred Haise (1933-), and Command Module Pilot Jack Swigert (1931-1982). Apollo 13 was termed a "successful failure," because the crew survived even though they did not accomplish its original objective of landing on the moon. Apollo 13 launched on April 11, 1970, but an oxygen tank in the Service Module had exploded around 56 hours into the mission, as a result of a series of mismatched modifications and unfortunate testing, causing the mission and the astronauts being put in jeopardy. The Moon landing did not happen, but the astronauts landed safely in the Pacific Ocean on April 17.
Apollo 13 Being Fueled Before Launch at Launch Complex 39A
With the Launch Umbilical Tower (LUT) in the foreground, the Saturn V of Apollo 13 being fueled at Launch Pad 39A of John F. Kennedy Space Center in Merritt Island, Florida. Apollo 13 was crewed by Mission Commander Jim Lovell (1928-), Lunar Module Pilot Fred Haise (1933-), and Command Module Pilot Jack Swigert (1931-1982). Apollo 13 was termed a "successful failure," because the crew survived even though they did not accomplish its original objective of landing on the moon. Apollo 13 launched on April 11, 1970, but an oxygen tank in the Service Module had exploded around 56 hours into the mission, as a result of a series of mismatched modifications and unfortunate testing, causing the mission and the astronauts being put in jeopardy. The Moon landing did not happen, but the astronauts landed safely in the Pacific Ocean on April 17.
Original black and white photographic print, March 26, 1970: Larry Summers Collection.
Apollo 13 Crew on the USS Iwo Jima After Recovery
Swigert, John L. (John Leonard), 1931-1982
Photographed, from left to right, are Lunar Module Pilot Fred Haise (1933-), Mission Commander Jim Lovell (1928-) and Command Module Pilot Jack Swigert (1931-1982) aboard the recovery ship USS Iwo Jima after safely splashing down in the Pacific Ocean. Apollo 13 was termed a "successful failure," because the crew survived even though they did not accomplish its original objective of landing on the moon. Apollo 13 launched on April 11, 1970, but an oxygen tank in the Service Module had exploded around 56 hours into the mission, as a result of a series of mismatched modifications and unfortunate testing, causing the mission and the astronauts being put in jeopardy. The Moon landing did not happen, but the astronauts landed safely in the Pacific Ocean on April 17.
Original black and white photographic print, April 17, 1970: Larry Summers Collection.
What was supposed to be the crew of Apollo 13 consisting of Command Module Pilot Ken Mattingly (1936-), Lunar Module Pilot Fred Haise (1933-), and Mission Commander Jim Lovell (1928-) in front of the Saturn V after it was moved to Launch Pad 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida. Mattingly was replaced on the mission by Command Module Pilot Jack Swigert (1831-1982) after he was exposed to German measles. Apollo 13 was termed a "successful failure," because the crew survived even though they did not accomplish its original objective of landing on the moon. Apollo 13 launched on April 11, 1970, but an oxygen tank in the Service Module had exploded around 56 hours into the mission, as a result of a series of mismatched modifications and unfortunate testing, causing the mission and the astronauts being put in jeopardy. The Moon landing did not happen, but the astronauts landed safely in the Pacific Ocean on April 17.
Original black and white photographic print, December 15, 1969: Larry Summers Collection.
Apollo 14 Crew in the Manned Spacecraft Operations Building at John F. Kennedy Space Center
Shepard, Alan B. (Alan Bartlett), 1923-1998
Roosa, Stuart A. (Stuart Allen), 1933-1994
The Apollo 14 crew (L-R Roosa, Shepard and Mitchell) suited up and walking to the astronaut transfer van at the Manned Spacecraft Operations Building (MSOB) at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida, on launch day. Apollo 14 was the third mission to land men on the Moon. Photographed from left to right are Command Module Pilot Stuart Roosa (1933-1994), Mission Commander Alan Shepard (1923-1998), and Lunar Module Pilot Edgar Mitchell (1930-). These three astronauts conducted a ten-day mission that launched on January 31, 1971, from John F. Kennedy Space Center in Merritt Island, Florida, and landing in the Pacific Ocean on February 9, 1971. The mission landed Shepard and Mitchell on the Moon, where they collected specimens, conducted, research and even hit a couple of golf balls using a special club that Shepard had stowed away.
Original black and white photographic print, January 31, 1971: Space Walk of Fame Collection.
Mission Commander Alan Shepard (1923-1998), the first American in space, standing by the American flag during the first Extra Vehicular Activity (EVA) of the Apollo 14 Moon landing. Apollo 14 was the third mission to land men on the Moon, including Shepard, Command Module Pilot Stuart Roosa (1933-1994), and Lunar Module Pilot Edgar Mitchell (1930-). These three astronauts conducted a ten-day mission that launched on January 31, 1971, from John F. Kennedy Space Center in Merritt Island, Florida, and landing in the Pacific Ocean on February 9, 1971. The mission landed Shepard and Mitchell on the Moon, where they collected specimens, conducted, research and even hit a couple of golf balls using a special club that Shepard had stowed away.
Original color photographic print, February 5, 1971: Leonard Pugh Collection.
Launch Complex 39A, John F. Kennedy Space Center, Merritt Island, Florida
Apollo 14's Lunar Module (LM) on the Moon. Apollo 14 was the third mission to land men on the Moon, including Mission Commander Alan Shepard (1923-1998), Command Module Pilot Stuart Roosa (1933-1994), and Lunar Module Pilot Edgar Mitchell (1930-). These three astronauts conducted a ten-day mission that launched on January 31, 1971, from John F. Kennedy Space Center in Merritt Island, Florida, and landing in the Pacific Ocean on February 9, 1971. The mission landed Shepard and Mitchell on the Moon, where they collected specimens, conducted, research and even hit a couple of golf balls using a special club that Shepard had stowed away.
Original color photographic print, February 1971: Leonard Pugh Collection.
Apollo 15 Crew Testing Apollo Spacecraft
The crew of Apollo 15 testing the spacecraft in the period leading up to the launch from John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida. Apollo 15 was the first of three extended capabilities missions, which allowed astronauts greater mobility with the Lunar Rover and additional equipment. The mission was crewed by Mission Commander David Scott (1932-), Command Module Pilot Alfred Worden (1932-), and Lunar Module Pilot James Irwin (1930-1991), and was launched from Launch Complex 39A (LC-39A) at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida, on July 26, 1971. Apollo 15 continued on a 12-day mission, including a Moon landing on July 30 and a Pacific Ocean splashdown on August 7.
Original black and white photographic print, April 5, 1971: Larry Summers Collection.
A Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV) from Apollo 15 on the Moon. Manned by astronauts David Scott (1932-), Alfred Worden (1932-), and James Irwin (1930-1991), Apollo 15 was launched from the Launch Complex 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center in Merritt Island, Florida, on July 26, 1971. This was the first lunar mission equipped with a LRV, or Lunar Rover. This allowed astronauts with unprecedented capabilities to move around the Moon's surface, as they traveled 17.5 miles during their time on the surface. Apollo 15 returned to Earth on August 7.
Original black and white photographic prints, 1971: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
Apollo 15 Splashdown in the Pacific Ocean
The Apollo 15 splashdown in the Pacific Ocean near the USS Okinawa on August 7, 1971. Apollo 15 was the first of three extended capabilities missions, which allowed astronauts greater mobility with the Lunar Rover and additional equipment. The mission was crewed by Mission Commander David Scott (1932-), Command Module Pilot Alfred Worden (1932-), and Lunar Module Pilot James Irwin (1930-1991), and was launched from Launch Complex 39A (LC-39A) at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida, on July 26. Apollo 15 continued on a 12-day mission, including a Moon landing on July 30.
Original black and white photographic print, August 7, 1971: Larry Summers Collection.
Apollo 15's Lunar Rover on the Moon circa July 30, 1971. Apollo 15 was the first of three extended capabilities missions, which allowed astronauts greater mobility with the Lunar Rover and additional equipment. The mission was crewed by Mission Commander David Scott (1932-), Command Module Pilot Alfred Worden (1932-), and Lunar Module Pilot James Irwin (1930-1991), and was launched from Launch Complex 39A (LC-39A) at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida, on July 26. Apollo 15 continued on a 12-day mission, including a Moon landing on July 30 and a Pacific Ocean splashdown on August 7.
Original black and white photographic print, July 30, 1971: Larry Summers Collection.
The Apollo 17 crew, consisting of Lunar Module Pilot Harrison Schmitt (1935-), Command Module Pilot Ronald Evans (1933-1990), and Mission Commander Eugene Cernan (1934-), exiting the Manned Spacecraft Operations Building (MSOB) (MSOB) at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida, to enter the transfer van, which would take them to Launch Complex 39A (LC-39A) for a Countdown Demonstration Test. On December 7, 1972, Apollo 17 became the first night launch of an American human spaceflight and was also the last manned launch of a Saturn V rocket. During the 12-day mission, astronauts conducted observations, experiments, and sample-gathering from the Moon. Apollo 17 broke a number of previous records, such as the longest manned lunar landing flight, the longest total lunar surface extravehicular activities, the largest lunar sample return, and the longest time in lunar orbit.
Original black and white photographic print, November 11, 1972: Larry Summers Collection.
Apollo 17 astronauts in front of a Saturn V launch vehicle being moved by crawler-transporter from the Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) to Launch Complex 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida. Photographed from left to right are Lunar Module Pilot Harrison Schmitt (1935-), Commander Eugene Cernan (1934-), and Command Module Pilot Ronald Evans (1933-1990). On December 7, 1972, Apollo 17 became the first night launch of an American human spaceflight and was also the last manned launch of a Saturn V rocket. During the 12-day mission, astronauts conducted observations, experiments, and sample-gathering from the Moon. Apollo 17 broke a number of previous records, such as the longest manned lunar landing flight, the longest total lunar surface extravehicular activities, the largest lunar sample return, and the longest time in lunar orbit.
Original black and white photographic print, September 6, 1972: Larry Summers Collection.
The crew of Apollo 17, Lunar Module Pilot Harrison Schmitt (1935-), Command Module Pilot Ronald Evans (1933-1990), and Mission Commander Eugene Cernan (1934-), with a lunar rover at Launch Complex 39A (LC-39A). with the Saturn V booster and Apollo Command/Service Module. On December 7, 1972, Apollo 17 became the first night launch of an American human spaceflight and was also the last manned launch of a Saturn V rocket. During the 12-day mission, astronauts conducted observations, experiments, and sample-gathering from the Moon. Apollo 17 broke a number of previous records, such as the longest manned lunar landing flight, the longest total lunar surface extravehicular activities, the largest lunar sample return, and the longest time in lunar orbit.
Original black and white photographic print, August 28, 1972: Larry Summers Collection.
Apollo 17 Crew with Lunar Rover Trainer and Saturn V
A pre-launch publicity photograph of the crew of Apollo 17 on September 30, 1971. This mission was the 11th manned Apollo mission, the sixth to put astronauts on the Moon, and the final mission of Project Apollo. Apollo 17 launched from Launch Complex 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center in Merritt Island, Florida, on December 7, 1972, and returned on December 19. Photographed, from left to right, is Command Module Pilot Ronald Evans (1933-1990), Lunar Module Pilot Harrison Schmitt (1935-), and Mission Commander Eugene Cernan (1934-).
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Original color photographic print, September 30, 1971: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
The massive Saturn V launch vehicle at Launch Complex 39A of John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida. On December 7, 1972, Apollo 17 became the first night launch of an American human spaceflight and was also the last manned launch of a Saturn V rocket. During the 12-day mission, astronauts conducted observations, experiments, and sample-gathering from the Moon. Apollo 17 broke a number of previous records, such as the longest manned lunar landing flight, the longest total lunar surface extravehicular activities, the largest lunar sample return, and the longest time in lunar orbit. The Apollo 17 crew consisted of Lunar Module Pilot Harrison Schmitt (1935-), Commander Eugene Cernan (1934-), and Command Module Pilot Ronald Evans (1933-1990).
Project Apollo ended here in the Pacific Ocean with the splashdown of Apollo 17 on December 19, 1972. One December 7, Apollo 17 became the first night launch of an American human spaceflight and was also the last manned launch of a Saturn V rocket. During the 12-day mission, Mission Commander Eugene Cernan (1934-), Lunar Module Pilot Harrison Schmitt (1935-), and Command Module Pilot Ronald Evans (1933-1990) conducted observations, experiments, and sample-gathering from the Moon. Apollo 17 broke a number of previous records, such as the longest manned lunar landing flight, the longest total lunar surface extravehicular activities, the largest lunar sample return, and the longest time in lunar orbit.
Original color photographic print, December 19, 1972: Larry Summers Collection.
Command Module Pilot Ronald Evans (1933-1990) exiting the Apollo 17 capsule to join Lunar Module Pilot Harrison Schmitt (1935-) in the recovery dinghy after splashdown in the Pacific Ocean on December 19, 1972. Apollo 17 was the final mission of Project Apollo and the last mission (to date) of any sort to land men on the Moon. This was also one of three missions with more extensive capabilities, using a rover to move about the moon and carry more equipment. It launched on December 7, 1972, spent 12 days in space including a successful landing on the Moon. The USS Ticonderoga can be seen in the distance.
Original black and white photographic prints, December 19, 1972: Space Walk of Fame Collection.
A commemorative card featuring the crew of Apollo 17, the mission logo, a drawing of the Saturn V, and the slogan "The Beginning…Not The End." Apollo 17 was the 11th manned Apollo mission, the sixth to put astronauts on the Moon, and the final mission of Project Apollo. Apollo 17 launched from Launch Complex 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center in Merritt Island, Florida, on December 7, 1972, and returned on December 19. Photographed, from left to right, is Lunar Module Pilot Harrison Schmitt (1935-), Command Module Pilot Ronald Evans (1933-1990), and Mission Commander Eugene Cernan (1934-).
Original color photographic print: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
The unmanned Apollo 4 (AS-501) was the first launch of the Saturn V booster and the first flight from Launch Pad 39A at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida. Apollo 4 was a test flight of the Saturn V, which was used in future mission to send men to the Moon. The flight was launched on November 9, 1967, although it was initially planned for late 1966. Apollo 4 was delayed by development issues with S-II, the second stage of the Saturn V rocket, and to a lesser extent, by wiring defects discovered in the Apollo spacecraft.
Original color photographic print, November 9, 1967: Larry Summers Collection.
Command Module Pilot Donn F. Eisele (1930-1987) for the Apollo 7 mission, which launched from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS) atop a Saturn IB booster on October 11, 1968. Apollo 7 was an Earth orbital mission, which tested the improved Block 2 Command/Service Module (CSM). It was the first time the Apollo CSM had flown on a manned mission. This mission lasted 10 days and tested many of the systems needed to accomplish the Moon landing. The crew included Eisele, Mission Commander Wally Schirra(1923-2007), and Lunar Module Pilot Walter Cunningham (1932-).
Original black and white photographic print: Space Walk of Fame Collection.
Schirra, Walter M. (Walter Marty), 1923-2007
Mission Commander Wally Schirra (1923-2007), Command Module Pilot Donn F. Eisele (1930-1987), and Lunar Module Pilot Walter Cunningham (1932-) exiting the recovery helicopter aboard the USS Essex in the Atlantic Ocean. Apollo 7 launched from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS) in Cape Canaveral, Florida, on October 11, 1968. It was an Earth orbital mission, which tested the improved Block 2 Command/Service Module (CSM). It was the first time the Apollo CSM had flown on a manned mission. This Apollo mission lasted ten days and tested many of the systems needed to accomplish the Moon landing.
Original black and white photographic print, October 22, 1968: Space Walk of Fame Collection.
Apollo 7 Astronauts Boarding a Transfer Van
Mission Commander Wally Schirra (1923-2007), Command Module Pilot Donn F. Eisele (1930-1987), and Lunar Module Pilot Walter Cunningham (1932-) boarding a transfer van before liftoff at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS) in Cape Canaveral, Florida, on October 11, 1968. Apollo 7 was an Earth orbital mission, which tested the improved Block 2 Command/Service Module (CSM). It was the first time the Apollo CSM had flown on a manned mission. This Apollo mission lasted ten days and tested many of the systems needed to accomplish the Moon landing.
Original black and white photographic print, October 11, 1968: Leonard Pugh Collection.
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Cape Canaveral, Florida
Mission Commander Wally Schirra (1923-2007), Command Module Pilot Donn F. Eisele (1930-1987), and Lunar Module Pilot Walter Cunningham (1932-) holding up a sign during the last television transmission from Earth orbit. Apollo 7 launched from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS) in Cape Canaveral, Florida, on October 11, 1968. It was an Earth orbital mission, which tested the improved Block 2 Command/Service Module (CSM). It was the first time the Apollo CSM had flown on a manned mission. This Apollo mission lasted ten days and tested many of the systems needed to accomplish the Moon landing.
Original black and white photographic print, October 21, 1968: Space Walk of Fame Collection.
The Apollo 7 crew and support team having breakfast at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Merritt Island, Florida, before liftoff on October 11, 1968. Apollo 7 was an Earth orbital mission, which tested the improved Block 2 Command/Service Module (CSM). It was the first time the Apollo CSM had flown on a manned mission. This Apollo mission lasted ten days and tested many of the systems needed to accomplish the Moon landing. Photographed from left to right are Kenneth Kleinknecht, the Manager of Apollo Spacecraft Office; Command Module Pilot Donn F. Eisele (1930-1987); Mission Commander Wally Schirra (1923-2007); Deke Slayton (1924-1993), the Director Flight Crew Operations; an unidentified person; and Ronald Evans (1933-1990). Lunar Module Pilot Walter Cunningham (1932-) is not pictured here.
Apollo 7 launch from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS) atop a Saturn IB booster on October 11, 1968. It was an Earth orbital mission, which tested the improved Block 2 Command/Service Module (CSM). It was the first time the Apollo CSM had flown on a manned mission. This Apollo mission lasted ten days and tested many of the systems needed to accomplish the Moon landing. The crew included Commander Wally Schirra (1923-2007), Command Module Pilot Donn F. Eisele (1930-1987), and Lunar Module Pilot Walter Cunningham (1932-).
Original black and white photographic print, October 11, 1968: Space Walk of Fame Collection.
Original color photographic print, October 11, 1968: Leonard Pugh Collection.
Apollo 8 Astronauts on the USS Yorktown After Splashdown
The crew of Apollo 8 (AS-503) stepping off of the recovery helicopter on the carrier USS Yorktown in the Pacific Ocean. Photographed from left to right are Jim Lovell (1928-), Frank Borman (1928-), and William Anders (1933-), who had just completed the first mission orbiting the Moon. Apollo 8 was the first manned launch of a Saturn V booster and mission to leave Earth orbit. It launched on December 21, 1968, with Commander Borman, Command Module Pilot Lovell, and Lunar Module Pilot Anders. Apollo 8 was the first manned spacecraft to leave Earth's orbit, reach the Moon, and orbit and return safely to Earth. The crew became the first humans to travel beyond low Earth orbit, to see Earth as a whole planet, to directly see the far side of the Moon, and to witness Earthrise.
Original black and white photographic print, December 28, 1968: Space Walk of Fame Collection.
Apollo 8 Awaiting Liftoff at John F. Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39A
Apollo 8 sitting on John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) Launch Complex 39A (LC-39A) in the time leading up to launch. This was to be the first launch at Kennedy Space Center and at LC-39A. Apollo 8 was the first manned launch of the Saturn V rocket, which produced over 7.5 million pounds of thrust. Additionally, Apollo 8 was the first manned spacecraft to leave earth orbit and successfully complete orbiting of the Moon.
Original color photographic print, December 1968: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.
John F. Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39A, Merritt Island, Florida
Apollo 8 Crew: James A. Lovell, Jr., William A. Anders, Frank Borman
The Apollo 8 crew, consisting of Command Module Pilot Jim Lovell (1928-), Lunar Module Pilot William Anders (1933-), and Mission Commander Frank Borman (1928-). John F. Kennedy Space Center in Merritt Island, Florida, on December 21, 1968. Apollo 8 was the first manned spacecraft to leave Earth's orbit and the first to orbit another celestial body, the Moon. Apollo 8 returned to Earth on December 27.