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                  <text>Jazz Collection</text>
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                  <text>Jazz Collection</text>
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                  <text>Music--United States</text>
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                  <text>Jazz--United States</text>
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                  <text>Orlando (Fla.)</text>
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                  <text>Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of jazz in Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around.&#13;
&#13;
The roots of jazz music began in the fields of the American South, as African-American slaves sang “call-and-response” work songs and “spirituals” to help them get through the brutal hours of forced labor. As Europeans immigrated to American cities in the late 19th century, they brought their musical traditions with them, and soon African-American musicians, such as Ernest Hogan and Scott Joplin, combined these styles with polyrhythmic African music, creating ragtime. New Orleans was an especially diverse cultural melting pot and became a place for musical experimentation by the early 1910s. European music merged with blues, folk, marching band music, and ragtime, creating a new genre called “jazz.”&#13;
&#13;
By the 1920s, the First Great Migration brought millions of African Americans to the urban Northeast and Midwest. Young, white Americans became enamored with jazz and blues music and the genre was soon being played on radio stations, at dancehalls, and in homes across the country. New York City, Kansas City, and Chicago began to establish their own styles of jazz. Big band swing became the most popular style of American music in the 1930s and 1940s.&#13;
&#13;
The most definitive feature of jazz is improvisation. The Great Depression forced many bands to cut down in size, leaving more space for intricate melodies and room for exploration. Bebop, which emerged in New York in the early 1940s, was aimed at a listening audience, rather than a dancing one, and became known as “musician’s music.” Bebop paved the way for Afro-Cuban and Latin jazz in the 1950s, when musicians, such as Dizzy Gillespie and Duke Ellington, incorporated Latin rhythms by playing with Cuban musicians in New York. The popularity of rock music in the 1960s and 1970s led to jazz-rock fusion, which combined improvisation with rock rhythms and amplified instruments. By the 1980s, smooth jazz emerged, creating a commercial form of the genre that drew criticism from many purists, who felt that the musicians were more concerned with making money than creating art with substance.&#13;
&#13;
Although Florida might not be as closely associated with jazz as cities like New Orleans, Chicago, and New York City, it has made significant contributions nonetheless. Afro-Cuban jazz developed simultaneously in New York City and Havana in the early 1940s, and Florida’s Cuban immigrants had a profound cultural impact on areas like Miami and Tampa. Since its foundation in 1979, the annual Jacksonville Jazz Festival has become one of the most popular jazz festivals in the country, featuring some of the top names in the genre, such as Dizzy Gillespie, Miles Davis, Count Basie, George Benson, and Herbie Hancock. The Clearwater Jazz Holiday began around the same time and has also evolved into a major international jazz festival. In addition to the legendary Sam Rivers, who moved to Orlando in the early 1990s and continued to perform until his death in 2011, Florida has been the home to a number of prominent jazz musicians, including Cedric Wallace, Ira Sullivan, George Tucker, Nathen Page, Alfred “Pee Wee” Ellis, Jackie Davis, Rich Matteson, Jeff Rupert, and the University of Central Florida’s Jazz Professors.&#13;
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                  <text>&lt;a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;WUCF-FM&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/140" target="_blank"&gt;Central Florida Music History Collection&lt;/a&gt;, RICHES of Central Florida.</text>
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                  <text>Arturo Sandoval Jazz Club, Deauville Beach Resort, Miami Beach, Florida</text>
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                  <text>DeLand, Florida</text>
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                  <text>Young Musicians Camp, University of Miami, Miami, Florida</text>
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                  <text>Cepero, Laura</text>
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                  <text>Cravero, Geoffrey</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES MI&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Alkyer, Frank. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/319491298" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt; DownBeat--the Great Jazz Interviews: A 75th Anniversary Anthology&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Hal Leonard, 2009.</text>
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                  <text>Gioia, Ted. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/36245922" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;The History of Jazz&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.</text>
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                  <text>Ward, Geoffrey C., and Ken Burns. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42404676" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Jazz: A History of America's Music&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2000.</text>
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                <text>"You Must Believe in Spring"  by Ira Sullivan</text>
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                <text>"You Must Believe in Spring"  by Ira Sullivan</text>
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                <text>An audio recording of "You Must Believe in Spring," composed by Michel Legrand (b. 1932), with lyrics by Alan Bergman (b. 1925), Marilyn Bergman (b. 1929), and Jacques Demy (1931-1990), and performed by Ira Sullivan (b. 1931) live on-air on WUCF-FM on December 8, 2006. A multi-instrumentalist, Sullivan was a crucial part of the Chicago jazz scene of the 1950s, performing with numerous artists, including a stint with Art Blakey (1919-1990) and the Jazz Messengers in 1956. He left the spotlight and moved to Florida to raise his family in the early 1960s, eventually starting a quintet with Red Rodney (1927-1994). Sullivan taught summers at the University of Miami's Young Musician's Camp, in which professional musicians and faculty from the UM School of Music instructed students between 7 and 18 years old in classical music, jazz, rock, songwriting, composition, and musical theater. "You Must Believe in Spring" is a 1967 jazz standard often associated with Bill Evans (1929-1980), who recorded the song for his 1981 album of the same name, and as a duet with Tony Bennett (b. 1926) on their 1977 album, &lt;em&gt;Together Again&lt;/em&gt;.</text>
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                <text>Original 5-minute and 50-second audio recording: Legrand, Michel, Alan Bergman, Marilyn Bergman, and Jacque Demy. "You Must Believe in Spring," by Ira Sullivan: &lt;a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;WUCF-FM&lt;/a&gt;, Orlando, Florida, December 8, 2006.</text>
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                <text>Multimedia software, such as &lt;a href="http://www.apple.com/quicktime/download/" target="_blank"&gt; QuickTime&lt;/a&gt;.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/141" target="_blank"&gt;Jazz Collection&lt;/a&gt;, Central Florida Music History Collection, RICHES of Central Florida</text>
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                <text> Young Musicians Camp, University of Miami, Miami, Florida</text>
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                <text> Bergman, Alan</text>
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                <text> Bergman, Marilyn</text>
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                <text> Demy, Jacques</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;WUCF-FM&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>2006-12-08</text>
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                <text>Originally created by Michel Legrand, Alan Bergman, Marilyn Bergman, and Jacques Louis Demy, performed by Ira Sullivan, and published by &lt;a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;WUCF-FM&lt;/a&gt;.</text>
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                <text>Copyright to this resource is held by Michel Legrand, Alan Bergman, Marilyn Bergman, and Jacques Louis Demy and is provided here by &lt;a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES of Central Florida&lt;/a&gt; for educational purposes only.</text>
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                <text>Meredith, Bill. "&lt;a href="http://jazztimes.com/articles/19200-ira-sullivan-family-first" target="_blank"&gt;Ira Sullivan: Family First&lt;/a&gt;." &lt;em&gt;Jazz Times&lt;/em&gt;, December 2007. http://jazztimes.com/articles/19200-ira-sullivan-family-first (Accessed March 23, 2015).</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/files/original/0bdc571c78ac5a030d9922f0a4106e5b.mp3" target="_blank"&gt;"You Must Believe in Spring" by Ira Sullivan&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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&#13;
The roots of jazz music began in the fields of the American South, as African-American slaves sang “call-and-response” work songs and “spirituals” to help them get through the brutal hours of forced labor. As Europeans immigrated to American cities in the late 19th century, they brought their musical traditions with them, and soon African-American musicians, such as Ernest Hogan and Scott Joplin, combined these styles with polyrhythmic African music, creating ragtime. New Orleans was an especially diverse cultural melting pot and became a place for musical experimentation by the early 1910s. European music merged with blues, folk, marching band music, and ragtime, creating a new genre called “jazz.”&#13;
&#13;
By the 1920s, the First Great Migration brought millions of African Americans to the urban Northeast and Midwest. Young, white Americans became enamored with jazz and blues music and the genre was soon being played on radio stations, at dancehalls, and in homes across the country. New York City, Kansas City, and Chicago began to establish their own styles of jazz. Big band swing became the most popular style of American music in the 1930s and 1940s.&#13;
&#13;
The most definitive feature of jazz is improvisation. The Great Depression forced many bands to cut down in size, leaving more space for intricate melodies and room for exploration. Bebop, which emerged in New York in the early 1940s, was aimed at a listening audience, rather than a dancing one, and became known as “musician’s music.” Bebop paved the way for Afro-Cuban and Latin jazz in the 1950s, when musicians, such as Dizzy Gillespie and Duke Ellington, incorporated Latin rhythms by playing with Cuban musicians in New York. The popularity of rock music in the 1960s and 1970s led to jazz-rock fusion, which combined improvisation with rock rhythms and amplified instruments. By the 1980s, smooth jazz emerged, creating a commercial form of the genre that drew criticism from many purists, who felt that the musicians were more concerned with making money than creating art with substance.&#13;
&#13;
Although Florida might not be as closely associated with jazz as cities like New Orleans, Chicago, and New York City, it has made significant contributions nonetheless. Afro-Cuban jazz developed simultaneously in New York City and Havana in the early 1940s, and Florida’s Cuban immigrants had a profound cultural impact on areas like Miami and Tampa. Since its foundation in 1979, the annual Jacksonville Jazz Festival has become one of the most popular jazz festivals in the country, featuring some of the top names in the genre, such as Dizzy Gillespie, Miles Davis, Count Basie, George Benson, and Herbie Hancock. The Clearwater Jazz Holiday began around the same time and has also evolved into a major international jazz festival. In addition to the legendary Sam Rivers, who moved to Orlando in the early 1990s and continued to perform until his death in 2011, Florida has been the home to a number of prominent jazz musicians, including Cedric Wallace, Ira Sullivan, George Tucker, Nathen Page, Alfred “Pee Wee” Ellis, Jackie Davis, Rich Matteson, Jeff Rupert, and the University of Central Florida’s Jazz Professors.&#13;
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                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/140" target="_blank"&gt;Central Florida Music History Collection&lt;/a&gt;, RICHES of Central Florida.</text>
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                  <text>Alkyer, Frank. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/319491298" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt; DownBeat--the Great Jazz Interviews: A 75th Anniversary Anthology&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Hal Leonard, 2009.</text>
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                  <text>Gioia, Ted. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/36245922" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;The History of Jazz&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.</text>
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                  <text>Ward, Geoffrey C., and Ken Burns. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42404676" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Jazz: A History of America's Music&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2000.</text>
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                <text>An audio recording of "Con Alma," composed by Dizzy Gillespie (1917-1993) and performed by Ira Sullivan (b. 1931) live on-air on WUCF-FM on December 8, 2006. A multi-instrumentalist, Sullivan was a crucial part of the Chicago jazz scene of the 1950s, performing with numerous artists, including a stint with Art Blakey (1919-1990) and the Jazz Messengers in 1956. He left the spotlight and moved to Florida to raise his family in the early 1960s, eventually starting a quintet with Red Rodney (1927-1994). Sullivan taught summers at the University of Miami's Young Musician's Camp, in which professional musicians and faculty from the UM School of Music instructed students between 7 and 18 years old in classical music, jazz, rock, songwriting, composition, and musical theater. "Con Alma" is a jazz standard written and recorded by Gillespie for his 1954 album, &lt;em&gt;Afro&lt;/em&gt;. The song combines aspects of bebop jazz and Latin rhythm.</text>
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                <text>Original 7-minute and 52-second audio recording: Gillespie, Dizzy. "Con Alma," by Ira Sullivan: &lt;a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;WUCF-FM&lt;/a&gt;, Orlando, Florida, December 8, 2006.</text>
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                <text>Originally created by Dizzy Gillespie, performed by Ira Sullivan, and published by &lt;a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;WUCF-FM&lt;/a&gt;.</text>
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                <text>Copyright to this resource is held by Dizzy Gillespie and is provided here by &lt;a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES of Central Florida&lt;/a&gt; for educational purposes only.</text>
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                <text>"&lt;a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/about.php" target="_blank"&gt;About WUCF&lt;/a&gt;." WUCF.ucf.edu. http://wucf.ucf.edu/about.php (accessed March 9, 2015)</text>
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                <text>Meredith, Bill. "&lt;a href="http://jazztimes.com/articles/19200-ira-sullivan-family-first" target="_blank"&gt;Ira Sullivan: Family First&lt;/a&gt;." &lt;em&gt;Jazz Times&lt;/em&gt;, December 2007. http://jazztimes.com/articles/19200-ira-sullivan-family-first (Accessed March 23, 2015).</text>
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&#13;
The roots of jazz music began in the fields of the American South, as African-American slaves sang “call-and-response” work songs and “spirituals” to help them get through the brutal hours of forced labor. As Europeans immigrated to American cities in the late 19th century, they brought their musical traditions with them, and soon African-American musicians, such as Ernest Hogan and Scott Joplin, combined these styles with polyrhythmic African music, creating ragtime. New Orleans was an especially diverse cultural melting pot and became a place for musical experimentation by the early 1910s. European music merged with blues, folk, marching band music, and ragtime, creating a new genre called “jazz.”&#13;
&#13;
By the 1920s, the First Great Migration brought millions of African Americans to the urban Northeast and Midwest. Young, white Americans became enamored with jazz and blues music and the genre was soon being played on radio stations, at dancehalls, and in homes across the country. New York City, Kansas City, and Chicago began to establish their own styles of jazz. Big band swing became the most popular style of American music in the 1930s and 1940s.&#13;
&#13;
The most definitive feature of jazz is improvisation. The Great Depression forced many bands to cut down in size, leaving more space for intricate melodies and room for exploration. Bebop, which emerged in New York in the early 1940s, was aimed at a listening audience, rather than a dancing one, and became known as “musician’s music.” Bebop paved the way for Afro-Cuban and Latin jazz in the 1950s, when musicians, such as Dizzy Gillespie and Duke Ellington, incorporated Latin rhythms by playing with Cuban musicians in New York. The popularity of rock music in the 1960s and 1970s led to jazz-rock fusion, which combined improvisation with rock rhythms and amplified instruments. By the 1980s, smooth jazz emerged, creating a commercial form of the genre that drew criticism from many purists, who felt that the musicians were more concerned with making money than creating art with substance.&#13;
&#13;
Although Florida might not be as closely associated with jazz as cities like New Orleans, Chicago, and New York City, it has made significant contributions nonetheless. Afro-Cuban jazz developed simultaneously in New York City and Havana in the early 1940s, and Florida’s Cuban immigrants had a profound cultural impact on areas like Miami and Tampa. Since its foundation in 1979, the annual Jacksonville Jazz Festival has become one of the most popular jazz festivals in the country, featuring some of the top names in the genre, such as Dizzy Gillespie, Miles Davis, Count Basie, George Benson, and Herbie Hancock. The Clearwater Jazz Holiday began around the same time and has also evolved into a major international jazz festival. In addition to the legendary Sam Rivers, who moved to Orlando in the early 1990s and continued to perform until his death in 2011, Florida has been the home to a number of prominent jazz musicians, including Cedric Wallace, Ira Sullivan, George Tucker, Nathen Page, Alfred “Pee Wee” Ellis, Jackie Davis, Rich Matteson, Jeff Rupert, and the University of Central Florida’s Jazz Professors.&#13;
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                  <text>Alkyer, Frank. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/319491298" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt; DownBeat--the Great Jazz Interviews: A 75th Anniversary Anthology&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Hal Leonard, 2009.</text>
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                <text>An audio recording of "Spring Can Really Hang You Up the Most," composed by Tommy Wolf (1925-1979), with lyrics by Fran Landesman (1927-2011), and performed by Jeff Rupert + Dirty Martini live on-air on WUCF-FM on April 23, 2007. Jeff Rupert (b. 1964) is a freelance tenor saxophonist, Director of Jazz Studies and professor at the University of Central Florida (UCF), founder of Flying Horse Records, composer, and Yamaha performing artist. He has recorded with numerous artists, including Maynard Ferguson (1928-2006), Sam Rivers (1923-2011), Mel Tormé (1925-1999), and Benny Carter, whose 1992 album, &lt;em&gt;Harlem Renaissance&lt;/em&gt;, Rupert appeared on, won a Grammy award. He has recorded and performed with his own bands as well, including Jeff Rupert + Dirty Martini and The Jazz Professors. "Spring Can Really Hang You Up the Most" is a popular song composed in 1955 and recorded by numerous artists. The most famous version is Ella Fitzgerald's 1961 recording.</text>
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                <text>"&lt;a href="http://musicians.allaboutjazz.com/jeffrupert" target="_blank"&gt;Jeff Rupert&lt;/a&gt;." All About Jazz. http://musicians.allaboutjazz.com/jeffrupert (accessed March 18, 2015).</text>
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                  <text>Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of jazz in Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around.&#13;
&#13;
The roots of jazz music began in the fields of the American South, as African-American slaves sang “call-and-response” work songs and “spirituals” to help them get through the brutal hours of forced labor. As Europeans immigrated to American cities in the late 19th century, they brought their musical traditions with them, and soon African-American musicians, such as Ernest Hogan and Scott Joplin, combined these styles with polyrhythmic African music, creating ragtime. New Orleans was an especially diverse cultural melting pot and became a place for musical experimentation by the early 1910s. European music merged with blues, folk, marching band music, and ragtime, creating a new genre called “jazz.”&#13;
&#13;
By the 1920s, the First Great Migration brought millions of African Americans to the urban Northeast and Midwest. Young, white Americans became enamored with jazz and blues music and the genre was soon being played on radio stations, at dancehalls, and in homes across the country. New York City, Kansas City, and Chicago began to establish their own styles of jazz. Big band swing became the most popular style of American music in the 1930s and 1940s.&#13;
&#13;
The most definitive feature of jazz is improvisation. The Great Depression forced many bands to cut down in size, leaving more space for intricate melodies and room for exploration. Bebop, which emerged in New York in the early 1940s, was aimed at a listening audience, rather than a dancing one, and became known as “musician’s music.” Bebop paved the way for Afro-Cuban and Latin jazz in the 1950s, when musicians, such as Dizzy Gillespie and Duke Ellington, incorporated Latin rhythms by playing with Cuban musicians in New York. The popularity of rock music in the 1960s and 1970s led to jazz-rock fusion, which combined improvisation with rock rhythms and amplified instruments. By the 1980s, smooth jazz emerged, creating a commercial form of the genre that drew criticism from many purists, who felt that the musicians were more concerned with making money than creating art with substance.&#13;
&#13;
Although Florida might not be as closely associated with jazz as cities like New Orleans, Chicago, and New York City, it has made significant contributions nonetheless. Afro-Cuban jazz developed simultaneously in New York City and Havana in the early 1940s, and Florida’s Cuban immigrants had a profound cultural impact on areas like Miami and Tampa. Since its foundation in 1979, the annual Jacksonville Jazz Festival has become one of the most popular jazz festivals in the country, featuring some of the top names in the genre, such as Dizzy Gillespie, Miles Davis, Count Basie, George Benson, and Herbie Hancock. The Clearwater Jazz Holiday began around the same time and has also evolved into a major international jazz festival. In addition to the legendary Sam Rivers, who moved to Orlando in the early 1990s and continued to perform until his death in 2011, Florida has been the home to a number of prominent jazz musicians, including Cedric Wallace, Ira Sullivan, George Tucker, Nathen Page, Alfred “Pee Wee” Ellis, Jackie Davis, Rich Matteson, Jeff Rupert, and the University of Central Florida’s Jazz Professors.&#13;
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                <text>An audio recording of "When Lights Are Low," composed by Benny Carter (1907-2003) and Spencer Williams (1889-1965), and performed by Jeff Rupert + Dirty Martini live on-air on WUCF-FM on April 23, 2007. Jeff Rupert (b. 1964) is a freelance tenor saxophonist, Director of Jazz Studies and professor at the University of Central Florida (UCF), founder of Flying Horse Records, composer, and Yamaha performing artist. He has recorded with numerous artists, including Maynard Ferguson (1928-2006), Sam Rivers (1923-2011), Mel Tormé (1925-1999), and Benny Carter, whose 1992 album, &lt;em&gt;Harlem Renaissance&lt;/em&gt;, Rupert appeared on, won a Grammy award. He has recorded and performed with his own bands as well, including Jeff Rupert + Dirty Martini and The Jazz Professors. "When Lights Are Low" is a jazz standard that was composed in 1936 and has been recorded by numerous artists. The most famous versions were recorded by Miles Davis (1926-1991) in 1956 and Tony Bennett in 1964.</text>
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                <text>Originally created by Benny Carter and Spencer Williams, performed by Jeff Rupert + Dirty Martini, and published by &lt;a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;WUCF-FM&lt;/a&gt;.</text>
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                <text>Copyright to this resource is held by Benny Carter and Spencer Williams and is provided here by &lt;a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES of Central Florida&lt;/a&gt; for educational purposes only.</text>
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                <text>"&lt;a href="http://musicians.allaboutjazz.com/jeffrupert" target="_blank"&gt;Jeff Rupert&lt;/a&gt;." All About Jazz. http://musicians.allaboutjazz.com/jeffrupert (accessed March 18, 2015).</text>
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                  <text>Jazz Collection</text>
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                  <text>Jazz Collection</text>
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                  <text>Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of jazz in Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around.&#13;
&#13;
The roots of jazz music began in the fields of the American South, as African-American slaves sang “call-and-response” work songs and “spirituals” to help them get through the brutal hours of forced labor. As Europeans immigrated to American cities in the late 19th century, they brought their musical traditions with them, and soon African-American musicians, such as Ernest Hogan and Scott Joplin, combined these styles with polyrhythmic African music, creating ragtime. New Orleans was an especially diverse cultural melting pot and became a place for musical experimentation by the early 1910s. European music merged with blues, folk, marching band music, and ragtime, creating a new genre called “jazz.”&#13;
&#13;
By the 1920s, the First Great Migration brought millions of African Americans to the urban Northeast and Midwest. Young, white Americans became enamored with jazz and blues music and the genre was soon being played on radio stations, at dancehalls, and in homes across the country. New York City, Kansas City, and Chicago began to establish their own styles of jazz. Big band swing became the most popular style of American music in the 1930s and 1940s.&#13;
&#13;
The most definitive feature of jazz is improvisation. The Great Depression forced many bands to cut down in size, leaving more space for intricate melodies and room for exploration. Bebop, which emerged in New York in the early 1940s, was aimed at a listening audience, rather than a dancing one, and became known as “musician’s music.” Bebop paved the way for Afro-Cuban and Latin jazz in the 1950s, when musicians, such as Dizzy Gillespie and Duke Ellington, incorporated Latin rhythms by playing with Cuban musicians in New York. The popularity of rock music in the 1960s and 1970s led to jazz-rock fusion, which combined improvisation with rock rhythms and amplified instruments. By the 1980s, smooth jazz emerged, creating a commercial form of the genre that drew criticism from many purists, who felt that the musicians were more concerned with making money than creating art with substance.&#13;
&#13;
Although Florida might not be as closely associated with jazz as cities like New Orleans, Chicago, and New York City, it has made significant contributions nonetheless. Afro-Cuban jazz developed simultaneously in New York City and Havana in the early 1940s, and Florida’s Cuban immigrants had a profound cultural impact on areas like Miami and Tampa. Since its foundation in 1979, the annual Jacksonville Jazz Festival has become one of the most popular jazz festivals in the country, featuring some of the top names in the genre, such as Dizzy Gillespie, Miles Davis, Count Basie, George Benson, and Herbie Hancock. The Clearwater Jazz Holiday began around the same time and has also evolved into a major international jazz festival. In addition to the legendary Sam Rivers, who moved to Orlando in the early 1990s and continued to perform until his death in 2011, Florida has been the home to a number of prominent jazz musicians, including Cedric Wallace, Ira Sullivan, George Tucker, Nathen Page, Alfred “Pee Wee” Ellis, Jackie Davis, Rich Matteson, Jeff Rupert, and the University of Central Florida’s Jazz Professors.&#13;
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                  <text>&lt;a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;WUCF-FM&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/140" target="_blank"&gt;Central Florida Music History Collection&lt;/a&gt;, RICHES of Central Florida.</text>
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                  <text>Arturo Sandoval Jazz Club, Deauville Beach Resort, Miami Beach, Florida</text>
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                  <text>DeLand, Florida</text>
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                  <text>Young Musicians Camp, University of Miami, Miami, Florida</text>
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                  <text>Cepero, Laura</text>
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                  <text>Cravero, Geoffrey</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES MI&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Alkyer, Frank. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/319491298" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt; DownBeat--the Great Jazz Interviews: A 75th Anniversary Anthology&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Hal Leonard, 2009.</text>
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                  <text>Gioia, Ted. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/36245922" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;The History of Jazz&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.</text>
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                  <text>Ward, Geoffrey C., and Ken Burns. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42404676" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Jazz: A History of America's Music&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2000.</text>
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                <text>"You're Blasé" by Jeff Rupert + Dirty Martini</text>
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                <text>"You're Blasé" by Jeff Rupert + Dirty Martini</text>
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                <text>An audio recording of "You're Blasé," composed by Ord Hamilton and Bruce Sievier, and performed by Jeff Rupert + Dirty Martini live on-air on WUCF-FM on April 23, 2007. Jeff Rupert (b. 1964) is a freelance tenor saxophonist, Director of Jazz Studies and professor at the University of Central Florida (UCF), founder of Flying Horse Records, composer, and Yamaha performing artist. He has recorded with numerous artists, including Maynard Ferguson (1928-2006), Sam Rivers (1923-2011), Mel Tormé (1925-1999), and Benny Carter, whose 1992 album, Harlem Renaissance, Rupert appeared on, won a Grammy award. He has recorded and performed with his own bands as well, including Jeff Rupert + Dirty Martini and The Jazz Professors. "You're Blasé" is a 1931 jazz standard that was popularized by Ella Fitzgerald, who recorded the song in 1957 and agian in 1973.</text>
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                <text>Original 7-minute and 1-second audio recording: Hamilton, Ord, and Bruce Sievier. "You're Blasé," by Jeff Rupert + Dirty Martini: &lt;a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;WUCF-FM&lt;/a&gt;, Orlando, Florida, April 23, 2007.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/141" target="_blank"&gt;Jazz Collection&lt;/a&gt;, Central Florida Music History Collection, RICHES of Central Florida</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;WUCF-FM&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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The roots of jazz music began in the fields of the American South, as African-American slaves sang “call-and-response” work songs and “spirituals” to help them get through the brutal hours of forced labor. As Europeans immigrated to American cities in the late 19th century, they brought their musical traditions with them, and soon African-American musicians, such as Ernest Hogan and Scott Joplin, combined these styles with polyrhythmic African music, creating ragtime. New Orleans was an especially diverse cultural melting pot and became a place for musical experimentation by the early 1910s. European music merged with blues, folk, marching band music, and ragtime, creating a new genre called “jazz.”&#13;
&#13;
By the 1920s, the First Great Migration brought millions of African Americans to the urban Northeast and Midwest. Young, white Americans became enamored with jazz and blues music and the genre was soon being played on radio stations, at dancehalls, and in homes across the country. New York City, Kansas City, and Chicago began to establish their own styles of jazz. Big band swing became the most popular style of American music in the 1930s and 1940s.&#13;
&#13;
The most definitive feature of jazz is improvisation. The Great Depression forced many bands to cut down in size, leaving more space for intricate melodies and room for exploration. Bebop, which emerged in New York in the early 1940s, was aimed at a listening audience, rather than a dancing one, and became known as “musician’s music.” Bebop paved the way for Afro-Cuban and Latin jazz in the 1950s, when musicians, such as Dizzy Gillespie and Duke Ellington, incorporated Latin rhythms by playing with Cuban musicians in New York. The popularity of rock music in the 1960s and 1970s led to jazz-rock fusion, which combined improvisation with rock rhythms and amplified instruments. By the 1980s, smooth jazz emerged, creating a commercial form of the genre that drew criticism from many purists, who felt that the musicians were more concerned with making money than creating art with substance.&#13;
&#13;
Although Florida might not be as closely associated with jazz as cities like New Orleans, Chicago, and New York City, it has made significant contributions nonetheless. Afro-Cuban jazz developed simultaneously in New York City and Havana in the early 1940s, and Florida’s Cuban immigrants had a profound cultural impact on areas like Miami and Tampa. Since its foundation in 1979, the annual Jacksonville Jazz Festival has become one of the most popular jazz festivals in the country, featuring some of the top names in the genre, such as Dizzy Gillespie, Miles Davis, Count Basie, George Benson, and Herbie Hancock. The Clearwater Jazz Holiday began around the same time and has also evolved into a major international jazz festival. In addition to the legendary Sam Rivers, who moved to Orlando in the early 1990s and continued to perform until his death in 2011, Florida has been the home to a number of prominent jazz musicians, including Cedric Wallace, Ira Sullivan, George Tucker, Nathen Page, Alfred “Pee Wee” Ellis, Jackie Davis, Rich Matteson, Jeff Rupert, and the University of Central Florida’s Jazz Professors.&#13;
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                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/140" target="_blank"&gt;Central Florida Music History Collection&lt;/a&gt;, RICHES of Central Florida.</text>
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                  <text>Alkyer, Frank. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/319491298" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt; DownBeat--the Great Jazz Interviews: A 75th Anniversary Anthology&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Hal Leonard, 2009.</text>
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                  <text>Gioia, Ted. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/36245922" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;The History of Jazz&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.</text>
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                  <text>Ward, Geoffrey C., and Ken Burns. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42404676" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Jazz: A History of America's Music&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2000.</text>
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                <text>An audio recording of "Tenderly," composed by Walter Gross (1909-1967) with lyrics by Jack Lawrence (1912-2009), and performed by Jeff Rupert + Dirty Martini live on-air on WUCF-FM on April 23, 2007. Jeff Rupert (b. 1964) is a freelance tenor saxophonist, Director of Jazz Studies and professor at the University of Central Florida (UCF), founder of Flying Horse Records, composer, and Yamaha performing artist. He has recorded with numerous artists, including Maynard Ferguson (1928-2006), Sam Rivers (1923-2011), Mel Tormé (1925-1999), and Benny Carter, whose 1992 album, Harlem Renaissance, Rupert appeared on, won a Grammy award. He has recorded and performed with his own bands as well, including Jeff Rupert + Dirty Martini and The Jazz Professors. "Tenderly" is a jazz standard first published and recorded in 1946. Sarah Vaughan's early recording was a hit in 1947, but the best-known version was by Rosemary Clooney in 1952.</text>
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                <text>Copyright to this resource is held by Walter Gross and Jack Lawrence and is provided here by &lt;a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES of Central Florida&lt;/a&gt; for educational purposes only.</text>
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The roots of jazz music began in the fields of the American South, as African-American slaves sang “call-and-response” work songs and “spirituals” to help them get through the brutal hours of forced labor. As Europeans immigrated to American cities in the late 19th century, they brought their musical traditions with them, and soon African-American musicians, such as Ernest Hogan and Scott Joplin, combined these styles with polyrhythmic African music, creating ragtime. New Orleans was an especially diverse cultural melting pot and became a place for musical experimentation by the early 1910s. European music merged with blues, folk, marching band music, and ragtime, creating a new genre called “jazz.”&#13;
&#13;
By the 1920s, the First Great Migration brought millions of African Americans to the urban Northeast and Midwest. Young, white Americans became enamored with jazz and blues music and the genre was soon being played on radio stations, at dancehalls, and in homes across the country. New York City, Kansas City, and Chicago began to establish their own styles of jazz. Big band swing became the most popular style of American music in the 1930s and 1940s.&#13;
&#13;
The most definitive feature of jazz is improvisation. The Great Depression forced many bands to cut down in size, leaving more space for intricate melodies and room for exploration. Bebop, which emerged in New York in the early 1940s, was aimed at a listening audience, rather than a dancing one, and became known as “musician’s music.” Bebop paved the way for Afro-Cuban and Latin jazz in the 1950s, when musicians, such as Dizzy Gillespie and Duke Ellington, incorporated Latin rhythms by playing with Cuban musicians in New York. The popularity of rock music in the 1960s and 1970s led to jazz-rock fusion, which combined improvisation with rock rhythms and amplified instruments. By the 1980s, smooth jazz emerged, creating a commercial form of the genre that drew criticism from many purists, who felt that the musicians were more concerned with making money than creating art with substance.&#13;
&#13;
Although Florida might not be as closely associated with jazz as cities like New Orleans, Chicago, and New York City, it has made significant contributions nonetheless. Afro-Cuban jazz developed simultaneously in New York City and Havana in the early 1940s, and Florida’s Cuban immigrants had a profound cultural impact on areas like Miami and Tampa. Since its foundation in 1979, the annual Jacksonville Jazz Festival has become one of the most popular jazz festivals in the country, featuring some of the top names in the genre, such as Dizzy Gillespie, Miles Davis, Count Basie, George Benson, and Herbie Hancock. The Clearwater Jazz Holiday began around the same time and has also evolved into a major international jazz festival. In addition to the legendary Sam Rivers, who moved to Orlando in the early 1990s and continued to perform until his death in 2011, Florida has been the home to a number of prominent jazz musicians, including Cedric Wallace, Ira Sullivan, George Tucker, Nathen Page, Alfred “Pee Wee” Ellis, Jackie Davis, Rich Matteson, Jeff Rupert, and the University of Central Florida’s Jazz Professors.&#13;
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                  <text>Alkyer, Frank. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/319491298" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt; DownBeat--the Great Jazz Interviews: A 75th Anniversary Anthology&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Hal Leonard, 2009.</text>
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The roots of jazz music began in the fields of the American South, as African-American slaves sang “call-and-response” work songs and “spirituals” to help them get through the brutal hours of forced labor. As Europeans immigrated to American cities in the late 19th century, they brought their musical traditions with them, and soon African-American musicians, such as Ernest Hogan and Scott Joplin, combined these styles with polyrhythmic African music, creating ragtime. New Orleans was an especially diverse cultural melting pot and became a place for musical experimentation by the early 1910s. European music merged with blues, folk, marching band music, and ragtime, creating a new genre called “jazz.”&#13;
&#13;
By the 1920s, the First Great Migration brought millions of African Americans to the urban Northeast and Midwest. Young, white Americans became enamored with jazz and blues music and the genre was soon being played on radio stations, at dancehalls, and in homes across the country. New York City, Kansas City, and Chicago began to establish their own styles of jazz. Big band swing became the most popular style of American music in the 1930s and 1940s.&#13;
&#13;
The most definitive feature of jazz is improvisation. The Great Depression forced many bands to cut down in size, leaving more space for intricate melodies and room for exploration. Bebop, which emerged in New York in the early 1940s, was aimed at a listening audience, rather than a dancing one, and became known as “musician’s music.” Bebop paved the way for Afro-Cuban and Latin jazz in the 1950s, when musicians, such as Dizzy Gillespie and Duke Ellington, incorporated Latin rhythms by playing with Cuban musicians in New York. The popularity of rock music in the 1960s and 1970s led to jazz-rock fusion, which combined improvisation with rock rhythms and amplified instruments. By the 1980s, smooth jazz emerged, creating a commercial form of the genre that drew criticism from many purists, who felt that the musicians were more concerned with making money than creating art with substance.&#13;
&#13;
Although Florida might not be as closely associated with jazz as cities like New Orleans, Chicago, and New York City, it has made significant contributions nonetheless. Afro-Cuban jazz developed simultaneously in New York City and Havana in the early 1940s, and Florida’s Cuban immigrants had a profound cultural impact on areas like Miami and Tampa. Since its foundation in 1979, the annual Jacksonville Jazz Festival has become one of the most popular jazz festivals in the country, featuring some of the top names in the genre, such as Dizzy Gillespie, Miles Davis, Count Basie, George Benson, and Herbie Hancock. The Clearwater Jazz Holiday began around the same time and has also evolved into a major international jazz festival. In addition to the legendary Sam Rivers, who moved to Orlando in the early 1990s and continued to perform until his death in 2011, Florida has been the home to a number of prominent jazz musicians, including Cedric Wallace, Ira Sullivan, George Tucker, Nathen Page, Alfred “Pee Wee” Ellis, Jackie Davis, Rich Matteson, Jeff Rupert, and the University of Central Florida’s Jazz Professors.&#13;
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                  <text>Alkyer, Frank. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/319491298" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt; DownBeat--the Great Jazz Interviews: A 75th Anniversary Anthology&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Hal Leonard, 2009.</text>
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                  <text>Gioia, Ted. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/36245922" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;The History of Jazz&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.</text>
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                <text>An audio recording of "Bad Moon," composed and performed by Jeff Rupert + Dirty Martini live on-air on WUCF-FM on April 23, 2007. Jeff Rupert (b. 1964) is a freelance tenor saxophonist, Director of Jazz Studies and professor at the University of Central Florida (UCF), founder of Flying Horse Records, composer, and Yamaha performing artist. He has recorded with numerous artists, including Maynard Ferguson (1928-2006), Sam Rivers (1923-2011), Mel Tormé (1925-1999), and Benny Carter, whose 1992 album, Harlem Renaissance, Rupert appeared on, won a Grammy award. He has recorded and performed with his own bands as well, including Jeff Rupert + Dirty Martini and The Jazz Professors. "Bad Moon" was written by Rupert and recorded on his 2009 album, &lt;em&gt;From Memphis to Mobile&lt;/em&gt;.</text>
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The roots of jazz music began in the fields of the American South, as African-American slaves sang “call-and-response” work songs and “spirituals” to help them get through the brutal hours of forced labor. As Europeans immigrated to American cities in the late 19th century, they brought their musical traditions with them, and soon African-American musicians, such as Ernest Hogan and Scott Joplin, combined these styles with polyrhythmic African music, creating ragtime. New Orleans was an especially diverse cultural melting pot and became a place for musical experimentation by the early 1910s. European music merged with blues, folk, marching band music, and ragtime, creating a new genre called “jazz.”&#13;
&#13;
By the 1920s, the First Great Migration brought millions of African Americans to the urban Northeast and Midwest. Young, white Americans became enamored with jazz and blues music and the genre was soon being played on radio stations, at dancehalls, and in homes across the country. New York City, Kansas City, and Chicago began to establish their own styles of jazz. Big band swing became the most popular style of American music in the 1930s and 1940s.&#13;
&#13;
The most definitive feature of jazz is improvisation. The Great Depression forced many bands to cut down in size, leaving more space for intricate melodies and room for exploration. Bebop, which emerged in New York in the early 1940s, was aimed at a listening audience, rather than a dancing one, and became known as “musician’s music.” Bebop paved the way for Afro-Cuban and Latin jazz in the 1950s, when musicians, such as Dizzy Gillespie and Duke Ellington, incorporated Latin rhythms by playing with Cuban musicians in New York. The popularity of rock music in the 1960s and 1970s led to jazz-rock fusion, which combined improvisation with rock rhythms and amplified instruments. By the 1980s, smooth jazz emerged, creating a commercial form of the genre that drew criticism from many purists, who felt that the musicians were more concerned with making money than creating art with substance.&#13;
&#13;
Although Florida might not be as closely associated with jazz as cities like New Orleans, Chicago, and New York City, it has made significant contributions nonetheless. Afro-Cuban jazz developed simultaneously in New York City and Havana in the early 1940s, and Florida’s Cuban immigrants had a profound cultural impact on areas like Miami and Tampa. Since its foundation in 1979, the annual Jacksonville Jazz Festival has become one of the most popular jazz festivals in the country, featuring some of the top names in the genre, such as Dizzy Gillespie, Miles Davis, Count Basie, George Benson, and Herbie Hancock. The Clearwater Jazz Holiday began around the same time and has also evolved into a major international jazz festival. In addition to the legendary Sam Rivers, who moved to Orlando in the early 1990s and continued to perform until his death in 2011, Florida has been the home to a number of prominent jazz musicians, including Cedric Wallace, Ira Sullivan, George Tucker, Nathen Page, Alfred “Pee Wee” Ellis, Jackie Davis, Rich Matteson, Jeff Rupert, and the University of Central Florida’s Jazz Professors.&#13;
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                <text>An audio recording of "Descarga," composed and performed by Jeff Rupert + Dirty Martini live on-air on WUCF-FM on April 23, 2007. Jeff Rupert (b. 1964) is a freelance tenor saxophonist, Director of Jazz Studies and professor at the University of Central Florida (UCF), founder of Flying Horse Records, composer, and Yamaha performing artist. He has recorded with numerous artists, including Maynard Ferguson (1928-2006), Sam Rivers (1923-2011), Mel Tormé (1925-1999), and Benny Carter, whose 1992 album, Harlem Renaissance, Rupert appeared on, won a Grammy award. He has recorded and performed with his own bands as well, including Jeff Rupert + Dirty Martini and The Jazz Professors. "Descarga" is the Afro-Cuban equivalent to an improvised jam session.</text>
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&#13;
The roots of jazz music began in the fields of the American South, as African-American slaves sang “call-and-response” work songs and “spirituals” to help them get through the brutal hours of forced labor. As Europeans immigrated to American cities in the late 19th century, they brought their musical traditions with them, and soon African-American musicians, such as Ernest Hogan and Scott Joplin, combined these styles with polyrhythmic African music, creating ragtime. New Orleans was an especially diverse cultural melting pot and became a place for musical experimentation by the early 1910s. European music merged with blues, folk, marching band music, and ragtime, creating a new genre called “jazz.”&#13;
&#13;
By the 1920s, the First Great Migration brought millions of African Americans to the urban Northeast and Midwest. Young, white Americans became enamored with jazz and blues music and the genre was soon being played on radio stations, at dancehalls, and in homes across the country. New York City, Kansas City, and Chicago began to establish their own styles of jazz. Big band swing became the most popular style of American music in the 1930s and 1940s.&#13;
&#13;
The most definitive feature of jazz is improvisation. The Great Depression forced many bands to cut down in size, leaving more space for intricate melodies and room for exploration. Bebop, which emerged in New York in the early 1940s, was aimed at a listening audience, rather than a dancing one, and became known as “musician’s music.” Bebop paved the way for Afro-Cuban and Latin jazz in the 1950s, when musicians, such as Dizzy Gillespie and Duke Ellington, incorporated Latin rhythms by playing with Cuban musicians in New York. The popularity of rock music in the 1960s and 1970s led to jazz-rock fusion, which combined improvisation with rock rhythms and amplified instruments. By the 1980s, smooth jazz emerged, creating a commercial form of the genre that drew criticism from many purists, who felt that the musicians were more concerned with making money than creating art with substance.&#13;
&#13;
Although Florida might not be as closely associated with jazz as cities like New Orleans, Chicago, and New York City, it has made significant contributions nonetheless. Afro-Cuban jazz developed simultaneously in New York City and Havana in the early 1940s, and Florida’s Cuban immigrants had a profound cultural impact on areas like Miami and Tampa. Since its foundation in 1979, the annual Jacksonville Jazz Festival has become one of the most popular jazz festivals in the country, featuring some of the top names in the genre, such as Dizzy Gillespie, Miles Davis, Count Basie, George Benson, and Herbie Hancock. The Clearwater Jazz Holiday began around the same time and has also evolved into a major international jazz festival. In addition to the legendary Sam Rivers, who moved to Orlando in the early 1990s and continued to perform until his death in 2011, Florida has been the home to a number of prominent jazz musicians, including Cedric Wallace, Ira Sullivan, George Tucker, Nathen Page, Alfred “Pee Wee” Ellis, Jackie Davis, Rich Matteson, Jeff Rupert, and the University of Central Florida’s Jazz Professors.&#13;
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                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/140" target="_blank"&gt;Central Florida Music History Collection&lt;/a&gt;, RICHES of Central Florida.</text>
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                <text>An audio recording of "No More Blues," composed by Antônio Carlos Jobim (1927-1994), with lyrics by Vinícius de Moraes (1913-1980), and performed by Jeff Rupert + Dirty Martini live on-air on WUCF-FM on April 23, 2007. Jeff Rupert (b. 1964) is a freelance tenor saxophonist, Director of Jazz Studies and professor at the University of Central Florida (UCF), founder of Flying Horse Records, composer, and Yamaha performing artist. He has recorded with numerous artists, including Maynard Ferguson (1928-2006), Sam Rivers (1923-2011), Mel Tormé (1925-1999), and Benny Carter, whose 1992 album, Harlem Renaissance, Rupert appeared on, won a Grammy award. He has recorded and performed with his own bands as well, including Jeff Rupert + Dirty Martini and The Jazz Professors. "No More Blues," or "Chega de Saudade," is a jazz standard that is considered to be the first recorded bossa nova song. The song was first recorded in 1958 by Elizete Cardoso, but the second recorded version in 1959 by João Gilberto became an international hit.</text>
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                <text>"&lt;a href="http://musicians.allaboutjazz.com/jeffrupert" target="_blank"&gt;Jeff Rupert&lt;/a&gt;." All About Jazz. http://musicians.allaboutjazz.com/jeffrupert (accessed March 18, 2015).</text>
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                  <text>Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of jazz in Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around.&#13;
&#13;
The roots of jazz music began in the fields of the American South, as African-American slaves sang “call-and-response” work songs and “spirituals” to help them get through the brutal hours of forced labor. As Europeans immigrated to American cities in the late 19th century, they brought their musical traditions with them, and soon African-American musicians, such as Ernest Hogan and Scott Joplin, combined these styles with polyrhythmic African music, creating ragtime. New Orleans was an especially diverse cultural melting pot and became a place for musical experimentation by the early 1910s. European music merged with blues, folk, marching band music, and ragtime, creating a new genre called “jazz.”&#13;
&#13;
By the 1920s, the First Great Migration brought millions of African Americans to the urban Northeast and Midwest. Young, white Americans became enamored with jazz and blues music and the genre was soon being played on radio stations, at dancehalls, and in homes across the country. New York City, Kansas City, and Chicago began to establish their own styles of jazz. Big band swing became the most popular style of American music in the 1930s and 1940s.&#13;
&#13;
The most definitive feature of jazz is improvisation. The Great Depression forced many bands to cut down in size, leaving more space for intricate melodies and room for exploration. Bebop, which emerged in New York in the early 1940s, was aimed at a listening audience, rather than a dancing one, and became known as “musician’s music.” Bebop paved the way for Afro-Cuban and Latin jazz in the 1950s, when musicians, such as Dizzy Gillespie and Duke Ellington, incorporated Latin rhythms by playing with Cuban musicians in New York. The popularity of rock music in the 1960s and 1970s led to jazz-rock fusion, which combined improvisation with rock rhythms and amplified instruments. By the 1980s, smooth jazz emerged, creating a commercial form of the genre that drew criticism from many purists, who felt that the musicians were more concerned with making money than creating art with substance.&#13;
&#13;
Although Florida might not be as closely associated with jazz as cities like New Orleans, Chicago, and New York City, it has made significant contributions nonetheless. Afro-Cuban jazz developed simultaneously in New York City and Havana in the early 1940s, and Florida’s Cuban immigrants had a profound cultural impact on areas like Miami and Tampa. Since its foundation in 1979, the annual Jacksonville Jazz Festival has become one of the most popular jazz festivals in the country, featuring some of the top names in the genre, such as Dizzy Gillespie, Miles Davis, Count Basie, George Benson, and Herbie Hancock. The Clearwater Jazz Holiday began around the same time and has also evolved into a major international jazz festival. In addition to the legendary Sam Rivers, who moved to Orlando in the early 1990s and continued to perform until his death in 2011, Florida has been the home to a number of prominent jazz musicians, including Cedric Wallace, Ira Sullivan, George Tucker, Nathen Page, Alfred “Pee Wee” Ellis, Jackie Davis, Rich Matteson, Jeff Rupert, and the University of Central Florida’s Jazz Professors.&#13;
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                  <text>&lt;a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;WUCF-FM&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/140" target="_blank"&gt;Central Florida Music History Collection&lt;/a&gt;, RICHES of Central Florida.</text>
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                  <text>Cravero, Geoffrey</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES MI&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Alkyer, Frank. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/319491298" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt; DownBeat--the Great Jazz Interviews: A 75th Anniversary Anthology&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Hal Leonard, 2009.</text>
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                  <text>Gioia, Ted. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/36245922" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;The History of Jazz&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.</text>
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                  <text>Ward, Geoffrey C., and Ken Burns. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42404676" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Jazz: A History of America's Music&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2000.</text>
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                <text>"'O Sole Mio" by Jeff Rupert + Dirty Martini</text>
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                <text>An audio recording of "'O Sole Mio," composed by Eduardo di Capua (1865-1917), with lyrics by Giovanni Capurro (1859-1920), and performed by Jeff Rupert + Dirty Martini live on-air on WUCF-FM on April 23, 2007. Jeff Rupert (b. 1964) is a freelance tenor saxophonist, Director of Jazz Studies and professor at the University of Central Florida (UCF), founder of Flying Horse Records, composer, and Yamaha performing artist. He has recorded with numerous artists, including Maynard Ferguson (1928-2006), Sam Rivers (1923-2011), Mel Tormé (1925-1999), and Benny Carter, whose 1992 album, Harlem Renaissance, Rupert appeared on, won a Grammy award. He has recorded and performed with his own bands as well, including Jeff Rupert + Dirty Martini and The Jazz Professors. "'O Sole Mio" is an internationally popular Neapolitan song composed in 1898 that has been recorded by numerous artists. The 1980 recording by Luciano Pavarotti (1935-2007) won the Grammy Award for Best Classical Vocal Performance.</text>
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                <text>Original 4-minute and 3-second audio recording: Capurro, Giovanni, and Eduard di Capua. "'O Sole Mio," by Jeff Rupert + Dirty Martini: &lt;a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;WUCF-FM&lt;/a&gt;, Orlando, Florida, April 23, 2007.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/141" target="_blank"&gt;Jazz Collection&lt;/a&gt;, Central Florida Music History Collection, RICHES of Central Florida</text>
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The roots of jazz music began in the fields of the American South, as African-American slaves sang “call-and-response” work songs and “spirituals” to help them get through the brutal hours of forced labor. As Europeans immigrated to American cities in the late 19th century, they brought their musical traditions with them, and soon African-American musicians, such as Ernest Hogan and Scott Joplin, combined these styles with polyrhythmic African music, creating ragtime. New Orleans was an especially diverse cultural melting pot and became a place for musical experimentation by the early 1910s. European music merged with blues, folk, marching band music, and ragtime, creating a new genre called “jazz.”&#13;
&#13;
By the 1920s, the First Great Migration brought millions of African Americans to the urban Northeast and Midwest. Young, white Americans became enamored with jazz and blues music and the genre was soon being played on radio stations, at dancehalls, and in homes across the country. New York City, Kansas City, and Chicago began to establish their own styles of jazz. Big band swing became the most popular style of American music in the 1930s and 1940s.&#13;
&#13;
The most definitive feature of jazz is improvisation. The Great Depression forced many bands to cut down in size, leaving more space for intricate melodies and room for exploration. Bebop, which emerged in New York in the early 1940s, was aimed at a listening audience, rather than a dancing one, and became known as “musician’s music.” Bebop paved the way for Afro-Cuban and Latin jazz in the 1950s, when musicians, such as Dizzy Gillespie and Duke Ellington, incorporated Latin rhythms by playing with Cuban musicians in New York. The popularity of rock music in the 1960s and 1970s led to jazz-rock fusion, which combined improvisation with rock rhythms and amplified instruments. By the 1980s, smooth jazz emerged, creating a commercial form of the genre that drew criticism from many purists, who felt that the musicians were more concerned with making money than creating art with substance.&#13;
&#13;
Although Florida might not be as closely associated with jazz as cities like New Orleans, Chicago, and New York City, it has made significant contributions nonetheless. Afro-Cuban jazz developed simultaneously in New York City and Havana in the early 1940s, and Florida’s Cuban immigrants had a profound cultural impact on areas like Miami and Tampa. Since its foundation in 1979, the annual Jacksonville Jazz Festival has become one of the most popular jazz festivals in the country, featuring some of the top names in the genre, such as Dizzy Gillespie, Miles Davis, Count Basie, George Benson, and Herbie Hancock. The Clearwater Jazz Holiday began around the same time and has also evolved into a major international jazz festival. In addition to the legendary Sam Rivers, who moved to Orlando in the early 1990s and continued to perform until his death in 2011, Florida has been the home to a number of prominent jazz musicians, including Cedric Wallace, Ira Sullivan, George Tucker, Nathen Page, Alfred “Pee Wee” Ellis, Jackie Davis, Rich Matteson, Jeff Rupert, and the University of Central Florida’s Jazz Professors.&#13;
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                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/140" target="_blank"&gt;Central Florida Music History Collection&lt;/a&gt;, RICHES of Central Florida.</text>
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                  <text>Alkyer, Frank. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/319491298" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt; DownBeat--the Great Jazz Interviews: A 75th Anniversary Anthology&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Hal Leonard, 2009.</text>
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                <text>An audio recording of "Rhythm of Our World," composed and performed by Arturo Sandoval (b. 1949) live on-air on WUCF-FM on October 9, 1999. A protégé of trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie (1917-1993), who was the first musician to bring Latin influences into American jazz, Cuban-born Sandoval became one of the most celebrated trumpeters of all-time, winning ten Grammy Awards, six Billboard Awards, and an Emmy Award. Sandoval defected to the United States while touring with Gillespie in 1990. He was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama (b. 1961) in 2013. Arturo Sandoval's Jazz Club was briefly open in Miami Beach, Florida, in the late 2000s. "Rhythm of Our World" was written and recorded by Sandoval for his 1998 Grammy award-winning album, &lt;em&gt;Hot House&lt;/em&gt;.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/141" target="_blank"&gt;Jazz Collection&lt;/a&gt;, Central Florida Music History Collection, RICHES of Central Florida</text>
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                <text>Copyright to this resource is held by Arturo Sandoval and is provided here by &lt;a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES of Central Florida&lt;/a&gt; for educational purposes only.</text>
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                <text>Simon, Robert, Arturo Sandoval, and Marianela Sandoval. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/880150347" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;John "Dizzy" Birks Gillespie: The Man Who Changed My Life: from the Memoirs of Arturo Sandoval&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. Chicago, IL: GIA Publications, 2014</text>
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&#13;
The roots of jazz music began in the fields of the American South, as African-American slaves sang “call-and-response” work songs and “spirituals” to help them get through the brutal hours of forced labor. As Europeans immigrated to American cities in the late 19th century, they brought their musical traditions with them, and soon African-American musicians, such as Ernest Hogan and Scott Joplin, combined these styles with polyrhythmic African music, creating ragtime. New Orleans was an especially diverse cultural melting pot and became a place for musical experimentation by the early 1910s. European music merged with blues, folk, marching band music, and ragtime, creating a new genre called “jazz.”&#13;
&#13;
By the 1920s, the First Great Migration brought millions of African Americans to the urban Northeast and Midwest. Young, white Americans became enamored with jazz and blues music and the genre was soon being played on radio stations, at dancehalls, and in homes across the country. New York City, Kansas City, and Chicago began to establish their own styles of jazz. Big band swing became the most popular style of American music in the 1930s and 1940s.&#13;
&#13;
The most definitive feature of jazz is improvisation. The Great Depression forced many bands to cut down in size, leaving more space for intricate melodies and room for exploration. Bebop, which emerged in New York in the early 1940s, was aimed at a listening audience, rather than a dancing one, and became known as “musician’s music.” Bebop paved the way for Afro-Cuban and Latin jazz in the 1950s, when musicians, such as Dizzy Gillespie and Duke Ellington, incorporated Latin rhythms by playing with Cuban musicians in New York. The popularity of rock music in the 1960s and 1970s led to jazz-rock fusion, which combined improvisation with rock rhythms and amplified instruments. By the 1980s, smooth jazz emerged, creating a commercial form of the genre that drew criticism from many purists, who felt that the musicians were more concerned with making money than creating art with substance.&#13;
&#13;
Although Florida might not be as closely associated with jazz as cities like New Orleans, Chicago, and New York City, it has made significant contributions nonetheless. Afro-Cuban jazz developed simultaneously in New York City and Havana in the early 1940s, and Florida’s Cuban immigrants had a profound cultural impact on areas like Miami and Tampa. Since its foundation in 1979, the annual Jacksonville Jazz Festival has become one of the most popular jazz festivals in the country, featuring some of the top names in the genre, such as Dizzy Gillespie, Miles Davis, Count Basie, George Benson, and Herbie Hancock. The Clearwater Jazz Holiday began around the same time and has also evolved into a major international jazz festival. In addition to the legendary Sam Rivers, who moved to Orlando in the early 1990s and continued to perform until his death in 2011, Florida has been the home to a number of prominent jazz musicians, including Cedric Wallace, Ira Sullivan, George Tucker, Nathen Page, Alfred “Pee Wee” Ellis, Jackie Davis, Rich Matteson, Jeff Rupert, and the University of Central Florida’s Jazz Professors.&#13;
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                  <text>Alkyer, Frank. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/319491298" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt; DownBeat--the Great Jazz Interviews: A 75th Anniversary Anthology&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Hal Leonard, 2009.</text>
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                <text>An audio recording of "Englishman in New York," Sting, and performed by Arturo Sandoval (b. 1949) live on-air on WUCF-FM on October 9, 1999. A protégé of trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie (1917-1993), who was the first musician to bring Latin influences into American jazz, Cuban-born Sandoval became one of the most celebrated trumpeters of all-time, winning ten Grammy Awards, six Billboard Awards, and an Emmy Award. Sandoval defected to the United States while touring with Gillespie in 1990. He was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama (b. 1961) in 2013. Arturo Sandoval's Jazz Club was briefly open in Miami Beach, Florida, in the late 2000s. "Englishman in New York" was written and recorded by Sting for his 1987 album, &lt;em&gt;...Nothing Like the Sun&lt;/em&gt;.</text>
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                <text>Simon, Robert, Arturo Sandoval, and Marianela Sandoval. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/880150347" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;John "Dizzy" Birks Gillespie: The Man Who Changed My Life: from the Memoirs of Arturo Sandoval&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. Chicago, IL: GIA Publications, 2014</text>
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&#13;
The roots of jazz music began in the fields of the American South, as African-American slaves sang “call-and-response” work songs and “spirituals” to help them get through the brutal hours of forced labor. As Europeans immigrated to American cities in the late 19th century, they brought their musical traditions with them, and soon African-American musicians, such as Ernest Hogan and Scott Joplin, combined these styles with polyrhythmic African music, creating ragtime. New Orleans was an especially diverse cultural melting pot and became a place for musical experimentation by the early 1910s. European music merged with blues, folk, marching band music, and ragtime, creating a new genre called “jazz.”&#13;
&#13;
By the 1920s, the First Great Migration brought millions of African Americans to the urban Northeast and Midwest. Young, white Americans became enamored with jazz and blues music and the genre was soon being played on radio stations, at dancehalls, and in homes across the country. New York City, Kansas City, and Chicago began to establish their own styles of jazz. Big band swing became the most popular style of American music in the 1930s and 1940s.&#13;
&#13;
The most definitive feature of jazz is improvisation. The Great Depression forced many bands to cut down in size, leaving more space for intricate melodies and room for exploration. Bebop, which emerged in New York in the early 1940s, was aimed at a listening audience, rather than a dancing one, and became known as “musician’s music.” Bebop paved the way for Afro-Cuban and Latin jazz in the 1950s, when musicians, such as Dizzy Gillespie and Duke Ellington, incorporated Latin rhythms by playing with Cuban musicians in New York. The popularity of rock music in the 1960s and 1970s led to jazz-rock fusion, which combined improvisation with rock rhythms and amplified instruments. By the 1980s, smooth jazz emerged, creating a commercial form of the genre that drew criticism from many purists, who felt that the musicians were more concerned with making money than creating art with substance.&#13;
&#13;
Although Florida might not be as closely associated with jazz as cities like New Orleans, Chicago, and New York City, it has made significant contributions nonetheless. Afro-Cuban jazz developed simultaneously in New York City and Havana in the early 1940s, and Florida’s Cuban immigrants had a profound cultural impact on areas like Miami and Tampa. Since its foundation in 1979, the annual Jacksonville Jazz Festival has become one of the most popular jazz festivals in the country, featuring some of the top names in the genre, such as Dizzy Gillespie, Miles Davis, Count Basie, George Benson, and Herbie Hancock. The Clearwater Jazz Holiday began around the same time and has also evolved into a major international jazz festival. In addition to the legendary Sam Rivers, who moved to Orlando in the early 1990s and continued to perform until his death in 2011, Florida has been the home to a number of prominent jazz musicians, including Cedric Wallace, Ira Sullivan, George Tucker, Nathen Page, Alfred “Pee Wee” Ellis, Jackie Davis, Rich Matteson, Jeff Rupert, and the University of Central Florida’s Jazz Professors.&#13;
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                  <text>Alkyer, Frank. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/319491298" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt; DownBeat--the Great Jazz Interviews: A 75th Anniversary Anthology&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Hal Leonard, 2009.</text>
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                  <text>Gioia, Ted. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/36245922" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;The History of Jazz&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.</text>
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                <text>An audio recording of "Solo Scat," composed and performed by Arturo Sandoval (b. 1949) live on-air on WUCF-FM on October 9, 1999. A protégé of trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie (1917-1993), who was the first musician to bring Latin influences into American jazz, Cuban-born Sandoval became one of the most celebrated trumpeters of all-time, winning ten Grammy Awards, six Billboard Awards, and an Emmy Award. Sandoval defected to the United States while touring with Gillespie in 1990. He was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama (b. 1961) in 2013. Arturo Sandoval's Jazz Club was briefly open in Miami Beach, Florida, in the late 2000s.</text>
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                <text>Simon, Robert, Arturo Sandoval, and Marianela Sandoval. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/880150347" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;John "Dizzy" Birks Gillespie: The Man Who Changed My Life: from the Memoirs of Arturo Sandoval&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. Chicago, IL: GIA Publications, 2014</text>
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                <text>Meredith, Bill. "&lt;a href="http://jazztimes.com/articles/19107-arturo-sandoval-from-cuba-with-love" target="_blank"&gt;Arturo Sandoval : From Cuba, With Love&lt;/a&gt;." &lt;em&gt;Jazz Times&lt;/em&gt;, October 2007. http://jazztimes.com/articles/19107-arturo-sandoval-from-cuba-with-love (Accessed March 24, 2015).</text>
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&#13;
The roots of jazz music began in the fields of the American South, as African-American slaves sang “call-and-response” work songs and “spirituals” to help them get through the brutal hours of forced labor. As Europeans immigrated to American cities in the late 19th century, they brought their musical traditions with them, and soon African-American musicians, such as Ernest Hogan and Scott Joplin, combined these styles with polyrhythmic African music, creating ragtime. New Orleans was an especially diverse cultural melting pot and became a place for musical experimentation by the early 1910s. European music merged with blues, folk, marching band music, and ragtime, creating a new genre called “jazz.”&#13;
&#13;
By the 1920s, the First Great Migration brought millions of African Americans to the urban Northeast and Midwest. Young, white Americans became enamored with jazz and blues music and the genre was soon being played on radio stations, at dancehalls, and in homes across the country. New York City, Kansas City, and Chicago began to establish their own styles of jazz. Big band swing became the most popular style of American music in the 1930s and 1940s.&#13;
&#13;
The most definitive feature of jazz is improvisation. The Great Depression forced many bands to cut down in size, leaving more space for intricate melodies and room for exploration. Bebop, which emerged in New York in the early 1940s, was aimed at a listening audience, rather than a dancing one, and became known as “musician’s music.” Bebop paved the way for Afro-Cuban and Latin jazz in the 1950s, when musicians, such as Dizzy Gillespie and Duke Ellington, incorporated Latin rhythms by playing with Cuban musicians in New York. The popularity of rock music in the 1960s and 1970s led to jazz-rock fusion, which combined improvisation with rock rhythms and amplified instruments. By the 1980s, smooth jazz emerged, creating a commercial form of the genre that drew criticism from many purists, who felt that the musicians were more concerned with making money than creating art with substance.&#13;
&#13;
Although Florida might not be as closely associated with jazz as cities like New Orleans, Chicago, and New York City, it has made significant contributions nonetheless. Afro-Cuban jazz developed simultaneously in New York City and Havana in the early 1940s, and Florida’s Cuban immigrants had a profound cultural impact on areas like Miami and Tampa. Since its foundation in 1979, the annual Jacksonville Jazz Festival has become one of the most popular jazz festivals in the country, featuring some of the top names in the genre, such as Dizzy Gillespie, Miles Davis, Count Basie, George Benson, and Herbie Hancock. The Clearwater Jazz Holiday began around the same time and has also evolved into a major international jazz festival. In addition to the legendary Sam Rivers, who moved to Orlando in the early 1990s and continued to perform until his death in 2011, Florida has been the home to a number of prominent jazz musicians, including Cedric Wallace, Ira Sullivan, George Tucker, Nathen Page, Alfred “Pee Wee” Ellis, Jackie Davis, Rich Matteson, Jeff Rupert, and the University of Central Florida’s Jazz Professors.&#13;
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                  <text>Alkyer, Frank. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/319491298" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt; DownBeat--the Great Jazz Interviews: A 75th Anniversary Anthology&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Hal Leonard, 2009.</text>
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                  <text>Gioia, Ted. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/36245922" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;The History of Jazz&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.</text>
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                <text>An audio recording of "Blues for Diz," composed and performed by Arturo Sandoval (b. 1949) live on-air on WUCF-FM on October 9, 1999. A protégé of trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie (1917-1993), who was the first musician to bring Latin influences into American jazz, Cuban-born Sandoval became one of the most celebrated trumpeters of all-time, winning ten Grammy Awards, six Billboard Awards, and an Emmy Award. Sandoval defected to the United States while touring with Gillespie in 1990. He was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama (b. 1961) in 2013. Arturo Sandoval's Jazz Club was briefly open in Miami Beach, Florida, in the late 2000s. "Blues for Diz" was written and recorded by Sandoval on his 2005 album, &lt;em&gt;Live at the Blue Note&lt;/em&gt;, and features Sandoval's renowned scatting.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/141" target="_blank"&gt;Jazz Collection&lt;/a&gt;, Central Florida Music History Collection, RICHES of Central Florida</text>
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                <text>Originally created and performed by Arturo Sandoval and published by &lt;a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;WUCF-FM&lt;/a&gt;.</text>
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                <text>Copyright to this resource is held by Arturo Sandoval and is provided here by &lt;a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES of Central Florida&lt;/a&gt; for educational purposes only.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES MI&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Simon, Robert, Arturo Sandoval, and Marianela Sandoval. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/880150347" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;John "Dizzy" Birks Gillespie: The Man Who Changed My Life: from the Memoirs of Arturo Sandoval&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. Chicago, IL: GIA Publications, 2014</text>
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                <text>Meredith, Bill. "&lt;a href="http://jazztimes.com/articles/19107-arturo-sandoval-from-cuba-with-love" target="_blank"&gt;Arturo Sandoval : From Cuba, With Love&lt;/a&gt;." &lt;em&gt;Jazz Times&lt;/em&gt;, October 2007. http://jazztimes.com/articles/19107-arturo-sandoval-from-cuba-with-love (Accessed March 24, 2015).</text>
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                  <text>Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of jazz in Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around.&#13;
&#13;
The roots of jazz music began in the fields of the American South, as African-American slaves sang “call-and-response” work songs and “spirituals” to help them get through the brutal hours of forced labor. As Europeans immigrated to American cities in the late 19th century, they brought their musical traditions with them, and soon African-American musicians, such as Ernest Hogan and Scott Joplin, combined these styles with polyrhythmic African music, creating ragtime. New Orleans was an especially diverse cultural melting pot and became a place for musical experimentation by the early 1910s. European music merged with blues, folk, marching band music, and ragtime, creating a new genre called “jazz.”&#13;
&#13;
By the 1920s, the First Great Migration brought millions of African Americans to the urban Northeast and Midwest. Young, white Americans became enamored with jazz and blues music and the genre was soon being played on radio stations, at dancehalls, and in homes across the country. New York City, Kansas City, and Chicago began to establish their own styles of jazz. Big band swing became the most popular style of American music in the 1930s and 1940s.&#13;
&#13;
The most definitive feature of jazz is improvisation. The Great Depression forced many bands to cut down in size, leaving more space for intricate melodies and room for exploration. Bebop, which emerged in New York in the early 1940s, was aimed at a listening audience, rather than a dancing one, and became known as “musician’s music.” Bebop paved the way for Afro-Cuban and Latin jazz in the 1950s, when musicians, such as Dizzy Gillespie and Duke Ellington, incorporated Latin rhythms by playing with Cuban musicians in New York. The popularity of rock music in the 1960s and 1970s led to jazz-rock fusion, which combined improvisation with rock rhythms and amplified instruments. By the 1980s, smooth jazz emerged, creating a commercial form of the genre that drew criticism from many purists, who felt that the musicians were more concerned with making money than creating art with substance.&#13;
&#13;
Although Florida might not be as closely associated with jazz as cities like New Orleans, Chicago, and New York City, it has made significant contributions nonetheless. Afro-Cuban jazz developed simultaneously in New York City and Havana in the early 1940s, and Florida’s Cuban immigrants had a profound cultural impact on areas like Miami and Tampa. Since its foundation in 1979, the annual Jacksonville Jazz Festival has become one of the most popular jazz festivals in the country, featuring some of the top names in the genre, such as Dizzy Gillespie, Miles Davis, Count Basie, George Benson, and Herbie Hancock. The Clearwater Jazz Holiday began around the same time and has also evolved into a major international jazz festival. In addition to the legendary Sam Rivers, who moved to Orlando in the early 1990s and continued to perform until his death in 2011, Florida has been the home to a number of prominent jazz musicians, including Cedric Wallace, Ira Sullivan, George Tucker, Nathen Page, Alfred “Pee Wee” Ellis, Jackie Davis, Rich Matteson, Jeff Rupert, and the University of Central Florida’s Jazz Professors.&#13;
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                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/140" target="_blank"&gt;Central Florida Music History Collection&lt;/a&gt;, RICHES of Central Florida.</text>
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                  <text>Alkyer, Frank. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/319491298" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt; DownBeat--the Great Jazz Interviews: A 75th Anniversary Anthology&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Hal Leonard, 2009.</text>
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                <text>Original 40-second audio recording: Sandoval, Arturo. "Jewsharp Solo," by Arturo Sandoval: &lt;a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;WUCF-FM&lt;/a&gt;, Orlando, Florida, October 9, 1999.</text>
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                <text>Simon, Robert, Arturo Sandoval, and Marianela Sandoval. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/880150347" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;John "Dizzy" Birks Gillespie: The Man Who Changed My Life: from the Memoirs of Arturo Sandoval&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. Chicago, IL: GIA Publications, 2014</text>
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                <text>Meredith, Bill. "&lt;a href="http://jazztimes.com/articles/19107-arturo-sandoval-from-cuba-with-love" target="_blank"&gt;Arturo Sandoval : From Cuba, With Love&lt;/a&gt;." &lt;em&gt;Jazz Times&lt;/em&gt;, October 2007. http://jazztimes.com/articles/19107-arturo-sandoval-from-cuba-with-love (Accessed March 24, 2015).</text>
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                  <text>Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of jazz in Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around.&#13;
&#13;
The roots of jazz music began in the fields of the American South, as African-American slaves sang “call-and-response” work songs and “spirituals” to help them get through the brutal hours of forced labor. As Europeans immigrated to American cities in the late 19th century, they brought their musical traditions with them, and soon African-American musicians, such as Ernest Hogan and Scott Joplin, combined these styles with polyrhythmic African music, creating ragtime. New Orleans was an especially diverse cultural melting pot and became a place for musical experimentation by the early 1910s. European music merged with blues, folk, marching band music, and ragtime, creating a new genre called “jazz.”&#13;
&#13;
By the 1920s, the First Great Migration brought millions of African Americans to the urban Northeast and Midwest. Young, white Americans became enamored with jazz and blues music and the genre was soon being played on radio stations, at dancehalls, and in homes across the country. New York City, Kansas City, and Chicago began to establish their own styles of jazz. Big band swing became the most popular style of American music in the 1930s and 1940s.&#13;
&#13;
The most definitive feature of jazz is improvisation. The Great Depression forced many bands to cut down in size, leaving more space for intricate melodies and room for exploration. Bebop, which emerged in New York in the early 1940s, was aimed at a listening audience, rather than a dancing one, and became known as “musician’s music.” Bebop paved the way for Afro-Cuban and Latin jazz in the 1950s, when musicians, such as Dizzy Gillespie and Duke Ellington, incorporated Latin rhythms by playing with Cuban musicians in New York. The popularity of rock music in the 1960s and 1970s led to jazz-rock fusion, which combined improvisation with rock rhythms and amplified instruments. By the 1980s, smooth jazz emerged, creating a commercial form of the genre that drew criticism from many purists, who felt that the musicians were more concerned with making money than creating art with substance.&#13;
&#13;
Although Florida might not be as closely associated with jazz as cities like New Orleans, Chicago, and New York City, it has made significant contributions nonetheless. Afro-Cuban jazz developed simultaneously in New York City and Havana in the early 1940s, and Florida’s Cuban immigrants had a profound cultural impact on areas like Miami and Tampa. Since its foundation in 1979, the annual Jacksonville Jazz Festival has become one of the most popular jazz festivals in the country, featuring some of the top names in the genre, such as Dizzy Gillespie, Miles Davis, Count Basie, George Benson, and Herbie Hancock. The Clearwater Jazz Holiday began around the same time and has also evolved into a major international jazz festival. In addition to the legendary Sam Rivers, who moved to Orlando in the early 1990s and continued to perform until his death in 2011, Florida has been the home to a number of prominent jazz musicians, including Cedric Wallace, Ira Sullivan, George Tucker, Nathen Page, Alfred “Pee Wee” Ellis, Jackie Davis, Rich Matteson, Jeff Rupert, and the University of Central Florida’s Jazz Professors.&#13;
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                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/140" target="_blank"&gt;Central Florida Music History Collection&lt;/a&gt;, RICHES of Central Florida.</text>
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                  <text>Alkyer, Frank. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/319491298" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt; DownBeat--the Great Jazz Interviews: A 75th Anniversary Anthology&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Hal Leonard, 2009.</text>
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                <text>Original 6-minute and 56-second audio recording: Brown, James. "I Got You (I Feel Good)," by Arturo Sandoval: &lt;a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;WUCF-FM&lt;/a&gt;, Orlando, Florida, October 9, 1999.</text>
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                <text>Originally created by James Brown, performed by Arturo Sandoval, and published by &lt;a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;WUCF-FM&lt;/a&gt;.</text>
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                <text>Copyright to this resource is held by James Brown and is provided here by &lt;a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES of Central Florida&lt;/a&gt; for educational purposes only.</text>
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                <text>Simon, Robert, Arturo Sandoval, and Marianela Sandoval. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/880150347" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;John "Dizzy" Birks Gillespie: The Man Who Changed My Life: from the Memoirs of Arturo Sandoval&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. Chicago, IL: GIA Publications, 2014</text>
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                <text>Wo! I feel good, I knew that I would now&#13;
I feel good, I knew that I would now&#13;
So good, so good, I got you&#13;
&#13;
Wo! I feel nice, like sugar and spice&#13;
I feel nice, like sugar and spice&#13;
So nice, so nice, I got you&#13;
&#13;
When I hold you in my arms&#13;
I know that I can do no wrong&#13;
And when I hold you in my arms&#13;
My love won't do you no harm&#13;
&#13;
And I feel nice, like sugar and spice&#13;
I feel nice, like sugar and spice&#13;
So nice, so nice, I got you&#13;
&#13;
When I hold you in my arms&#13;
I know that I can't do no wrong&#13;
And when I hold you in my arms&#13;
My love can't do me no harm&#13;
&#13;
And I feel nice, like sugar and spice&#13;
I feel nice, like sugar and spice&#13;
So nice, so nice, well I got you&#13;
&#13;
Wo! I feel good, I knew that I would've&#13;
I feel good, I knew that I would&#13;
So good, so good, 'cause I got you&#13;
So good, so good, 'cause I got you&#13;
So good, so good, 'cause I got you&#13;
&#13;
Hey! Oh yeah-a</text>
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                  <text>Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of jazz in Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around.&#13;
&#13;
The roots of jazz music began in the fields of the American South, as African-American slaves sang “call-and-response” work songs and “spirituals” to help them get through the brutal hours of forced labor. As Europeans immigrated to American cities in the late 19th century, they brought their musical traditions with them, and soon African-American musicians, such as Ernest Hogan and Scott Joplin, combined these styles with polyrhythmic African music, creating ragtime. New Orleans was an especially diverse cultural melting pot and became a place for musical experimentation by the early 1910s. European music merged with blues, folk, marching band music, and ragtime, creating a new genre called “jazz.”&#13;
&#13;
By the 1920s, the First Great Migration brought millions of African Americans to the urban Northeast and Midwest. Young, white Americans became enamored with jazz and blues music and the genre was soon being played on radio stations, at dancehalls, and in homes across the country. New York City, Kansas City, and Chicago began to establish their own styles of jazz. Big band swing became the most popular style of American music in the 1930s and 1940s.&#13;
&#13;
The most definitive feature of jazz is improvisation. The Great Depression forced many bands to cut down in size, leaving more space for intricate melodies and room for exploration. Bebop, which emerged in New York in the early 1940s, was aimed at a listening audience, rather than a dancing one, and became known as “musician’s music.” Bebop paved the way for Afro-Cuban and Latin jazz in the 1950s, when musicians, such as Dizzy Gillespie and Duke Ellington, incorporated Latin rhythms by playing with Cuban musicians in New York. The popularity of rock music in the 1960s and 1970s led to jazz-rock fusion, which combined improvisation with rock rhythms and amplified instruments. By the 1980s, smooth jazz emerged, creating a commercial form of the genre that drew criticism from many purists, who felt that the musicians were more concerned with making money than creating art with substance.&#13;
&#13;
Although Florida might not be as closely associated with jazz as cities like New Orleans, Chicago, and New York City, it has made significant contributions nonetheless. Afro-Cuban jazz developed simultaneously in New York City and Havana in the early 1940s, and Florida’s Cuban immigrants had a profound cultural impact on areas like Miami and Tampa. Since its foundation in 1979, the annual Jacksonville Jazz Festival has become one of the most popular jazz festivals in the country, featuring some of the top names in the genre, such as Dizzy Gillespie, Miles Davis, Count Basie, George Benson, and Herbie Hancock. The Clearwater Jazz Holiday began around the same time and has also evolved into a major international jazz festival. In addition to the legendary Sam Rivers, who moved to Orlando in the early 1990s and continued to perform until his death in 2011, Florida has been the home to a number of prominent jazz musicians, including Cedric Wallace, Ira Sullivan, George Tucker, Nathen Page, Alfred “Pee Wee” Ellis, Jackie Davis, Rich Matteson, Jeff Rupert, and the University of Central Florida’s Jazz Professors.&#13;
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                  <text>&lt;a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;WUCF-FM&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/140" target="_blank"&gt;Central Florida Music History Collection&lt;/a&gt;, RICHES of Central Florida.</text>
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                  <text>Arturo Sandoval Jazz Club, Deauville Beach Resort, Miami Beach, Florida</text>
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                  <text>DeLand, Florida</text>
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                  <text>Cepero, Laura</text>
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                  <text>Cravero, Geoffrey</text>
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                  <text>Alkyer, Frank. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/319491298" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt; DownBeat--the Great Jazz Interviews: A 75th Anniversary Anthology&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Hal Leonard, 2009.</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="524875">
                  <text>Gioia, Ted. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/36245922" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;The History of Jazz&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.</text>
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                  <text>Ward, Geoffrey C., and Ken Burns. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42404676" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Jazz: A History of America's Music&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2000.</text>
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                <text>"Drum Solo" by Arturo Sandoval</text>
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                <text>"Drum Solo" by Arturo Sandoval</text>
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                <text>An audio recording of "Drum Solo," composed and performed by Arturo Sandoval (b. 1949) live on-air on WUCF-FM on October 9, 1999. A protégé of trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie (1917-1993), who was the first musician to bring Latin influences into American jazz, Cuban-born Sandoval became one of the most celebrated trumpeters of all-time, winning ten Grammy Awards, six Billboard Awards, and an Emmy Award. Sandoval defected to the United States while touring with Gillespie in 1990. He was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama (b. 1961) in 2013. Arturo Sandoval's Jazz Club was briefly open in Miami Beach, Florida, in the late 2000s.</text>
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                <text>Original 2-minute and 26-second audio recording: Sandoval, Arturo. "Drum Solo," by Arturo Sandoval: &lt;a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;WUCF-FM&lt;/a&gt;, Orlando, Florida, October 9, 1999.</text>
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            <name>Requires</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="529026">
                <text>Multimedia software, such as &lt;a href="http://www.apple.com/quicktime/download/" target="_blank"&gt; QuickTime&lt;/a&gt;.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/141" target="_blank"&gt;Jazz Collection&lt;/a&gt;, Central Florida Music History Collection, RICHES of Central Florida</text>
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                <text> Arturo Sandoval Jazz Club, Deauville Beach Resort, Miami Beach, Florida</text>
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                <text> Artemisa, Havana, Havana Province, Cuba</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;WUCF-FM&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="529035">
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                <text>1999-10-09</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="529037">
                <text>1999-10-09</text>
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                <text>Originally created and performed by Arturo Sandoval and published by &lt;a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;WUCF-FM&lt;/a&gt;.</text>
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                <text>Copyright to this resource is held by Arturo Sandoval and is provided here by &lt;a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES of Central Florida&lt;/a&gt; for educational purposes only.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES MI&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of jazz in Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around.&#13;
&#13;
The roots of jazz music began in the fields of the American South, as African-American slaves sang “call-and-response” work songs and “spirituals” to help them get through the brutal hours of forced labor. As Europeans immigrated to American cities in the late 19th century, they brought their musical traditions with them, and soon African-American musicians, such as Ernest Hogan and Scott Joplin, combined these styles with polyrhythmic African music, creating ragtime. New Orleans was an especially diverse cultural melting pot and became a place for musical experimentation by the early 1910s. European music merged with blues, folk, marching band music, and ragtime, creating a new genre called “jazz.”&#13;
&#13;
By the 1920s, the First Great Migration brought millions of African Americans to the urban Northeast and Midwest. Young, white Americans became enamored with jazz and blues music and the genre was soon being played on radio stations, at dancehalls, and in homes across the country. New York City, Kansas City, and Chicago began to establish their own styles of jazz. Big band swing became the most popular style of American music in the 1930s and 1940s.&#13;
&#13;
The most definitive feature of jazz is improvisation. The Great Depression forced many bands to cut down in size, leaving more space for intricate melodies and room for exploration. Bebop, which emerged in New York in the early 1940s, was aimed at a listening audience, rather than a dancing one, and became known as “musician’s music.” Bebop paved the way for Afro-Cuban and Latin jazz in the 1950s, when musicians, such as Dizzy Gillespie and Duke Ellington, incorporated Latin rhythms by playing with Cuban musicians in New York. The popularity of rock music in the 1960s and 1970s led to jazz-rock fusion, which combined improvisation with rock rhythms and amplified instruments. By the 1980s, smooth jazz emerged, creating a commercial form of the genre that drew criticism from many purists, who felt that the musicians were more concerned with making money than creating art with substance.&#13;
&#13;
Although Florida might not be as closely associated with jazz as cities like New Orleans, Chicago, and New York City, it has made significant contributions nonetheless. Afro-Cuban jazz developed simultaneously in New York City and Havana in the early 1940s, and Florida’s Cuban immigrants had a profound cultural impact on areas like Miami and Tampa. Since its foundation in 1979, the annual Jacksonville Jazz Festival has become one of the most popular jazz festivals in the country, featuring some of the top names in the genre, such as Dizzy Gillespie, Miles Davis, Count Basie, George Benson, and Herbie Hancock. The Clearwater Jazz Holiday began around the same time and has also evolved into a major international jazz festival. In addition to the legendary Sam Rivers, who moved to Orlando in the early 1990s and continued to perform until his death in 2011, Florida has been the home to a number of prominent jazz musicians, including Cedric Wallace, Ira Sullivan, George Tucker, Nathen Page, Alfred “Pee Wee” Ellis, Jackie Davis, Rich Matteson, Jeff Rupert, and the University of Central Florida’s Jazz Professors.&#13;
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                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/140" target="_blank"&gt;Central Florida Music History Collection&lt;/a&gt;, RICHES of Central Florida.</text>
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                  <text>Alkyer, Frank. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/319491298" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt; DownBeat--the Great Jazz Interviews: A 75th Anniversary Anthology&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Hal Leonard, 2009.</text>
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                  <text>Gioia, Ted. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/36245922" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;The History of Jazz&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.</text>
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                  <text>Ward, Geoffrey C., and Ken Burns. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42404676" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Jazz: A History of America's Music&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2000.</text>
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                <text>An audio recording of "Hot House," composed by Tadd Dameron (1917-1965), and performed by Arturo Sandoval (b. 1949) live on-air on WUCF-FM on October 9, 1999. A protégé of trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie (1917-1993), who was the first musician to bring Latin influences into American jazz, Cuban-born Sandoval became one of the most celebrated trumpeters of all-time, winning ten Grammy Awards, six Billboard Awards, and an Emmy Award. Sandoval defected to the United States while touring with Gillespie in 1990. He was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama (b. 1961) in 2013. Arturo Sandoval's Jazz Club was briefly open in Miami Beach, Florida, in the late 2000s. "Hot House" was written by Dameron and recorded by Sandoval for his 1998 Grammy award-winning album of the same name.</text>
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                <text>Original 3-minute and 54-second audio recording: Dameron, Tadd. "Hot House," by Arturo Sandoval: &lt;a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;WUCF-FM&lt;/a&gt;, Orlando, Florida, October 9, 1999.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/141" target="_blank"&gt;Jazz Collection&lt;/a&gt;, Central Florida Music History Collection, RICHES of Central Florida</text>
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                <text>Originally created by Tadd Dameron, performed by Arturo Sandoval, and published by &lt;a href="http://wucf.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;WUCF-FM&lt;/a&gt;.</text>
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                <text>Copyright to this resource is held by Tadd Dameron and is provided here by &lt;a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES of Central Florida&lt;/a&gt; for educational purposes only.</text>
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&#13;
The first combat military troops 9th Marine Expeditionary Brigade didn't arrive until 1965. With the arrival of the combat troops came the first traditional battles of combat fighting in the war. During the Vietnam War, not only did American military go into battle with and for South Vietnam, the military also trained members of South Vietnam to fight alongside during the war. Peace talks were attempted, with France moderating, beginning on May 10, 1968. These talks were unsuccessful and lasted over three years.&#13;
&#13;
The longest battle of the Vietnam War began on January 21, 1968 and didn't end until the U.S. reclaimed Route 9 on April 8, 1968, 77 days later. While the military conflict ended in April of 1975, it was a long process towards reunification and redevelopment as a country. The conflict left Vietnam in both political and economical ruins.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/24" target="_blank"&gt;UCF Community Veterans History Project Collection&lt;/a&gt;, RICHES of Central Florida.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES MI&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;span&gt;"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/veterans/" target="_blank"&gt;About the Project&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;." UCF Community Veterans History Project, RICHES of Central Florida, University of Central Florida. http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/veterans/.&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Herring, George C. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5126110" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;America's Longest War: The United States and Vietnam, 1950-1975&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Wiley, 1979.</text>
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                <text>Oral History of George G. McGuire</text>
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                <text>Oral History, McGuire</text>
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                <text>An oral history interview of George G. McGuire, who joined the U.S. Air Force in 1963 and served until 1983. He was born on Summit, New Jersey, on October 17, 1941. A veteran of the Vietnam War era, McGuire achieved the rank of Lieutenant Colonel.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This interview was conducted by Judy Scherer on April 1, 2014. Interview topics include McGuire's background and family, his college education, join the Air Force Reserve Officer Training Corps (AFROTC), Whiteman Air Force Base, McCoy Air Force Base, duties as a procurement officer and a contract administrator, the Defense Contract Administration Services, serving in Bangkok during the Vietnam War, the U.S. Air Force Office of Special Investigations (USAFOSI), the Rock Island Arsenal, military retirement, U.S.-Thailand relations, and his many travel experiences.</text>
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                <text>0:00:00 Introduction&lt;br /&gt;0:02:33 College years&lt;br /&gt;0:03:06 Air Force Reserve Officers' Training Corps and Whiteman Air Force Base &lt;br /&gt;0:04:42 McCoy Air Force Base&lt;br /&gt;0:05:42 George Washington University, Defense Contract Administration Services, and Bangkok, Thailand&lt;br /&gt;0:07:05 U.S. Air Force Office of Special Investigations&lt;br /&gt;0:14:55 Assignments in the United States&lt;br /&gt;0:15:33 Bangkok and Mom Rajawongse Seni Promoj&lt;br /&gt;0:21:45 Duties as a Contract Administrator&lt;br /&gt;0:23:24 Interesting people and stories from Thailand&lt;br /&gt;0:28:06 Communicating with family&lt;br /&gt;0:30:23 Communicating with Thais&lt;br /&gt;0:35:50 Visiting South Korea with his wife&lt;br /&gt;0:39:42 Closing remarks</text>
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                <text>Oral history interview of George G. McGuire. Interview conducted by Judy Scherer at the University of Central Florida in Orlando, Florida.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://stars.library.ucf.edu/veteransoralhistories/269/" target="_blank"&gt;McGuire, George G.&lt;/a&gt; Interviewed by Judy Scherer, April 1, 2014. Audio/video record available. &lt;a href="http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/landingpage/collection/VET" target="_blank"&gt;UCF Community Veterans History Project&lt;/a&gt;, RICHES of Central Florida, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/veterans/" target="_blank"&gt;UCF Community Veterans History Project&lt;/a&gt;, Orlando, Florida.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/92" target="_blank"&gt;Vietnam War Collection&lt;/a&gt;, UCF Community Veterans History Project Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.</text>
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                <text>Digital transcript of original 43-minute and 22-second oral history: &lt;a href="http://stars.library.ucf.edu/veteransoralhistories/269/" target="_blank"&gt;McGuire, George G.&lt;/a&gt; Interviewed by Judy Scherer, April 1, 2014.</text>
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                <text>Standards established by the &lt;a href="http://www.loc.gov/vets/" target="_blank"&gt;Veterans History Projects&lt;/a&gt;, Library of Congress.</text>
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                <text> Scherer, Judy</text>
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            <name>Mediator</name>
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                <text>History Teacher</text>
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                <text> Civics/Government Teacher</text>
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                <text> Geography Teacher</text>
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            <name>Provenance</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="529194">
                <text>Originally created by Judy Scherer and George G. McGuire and published by &lt;a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES of Central Florida&lt;/a&gt;.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES of Central Florida&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/veterans/" target="_blank"&gt;UCF Community Veterans History Project&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Cepero, Laura</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/landingpage/collection/VET" target="_blank"&gt;UCF Community Veterans History Project&lt;/a&gt;, UCF Digital Collections, University of Central Florida</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES MI&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES of Central Florida&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Herring, George C. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5126110" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;America's Longest War: The United States and Vietnam, 1950-1975&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Wiley, 1979.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://stars.library.ucf.edu/veteransoralhistories/269/" target="_blank"&gt;McGuire, George G.&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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            <name>Transcript</name>
            <description/>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Unidentified&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;We’re ready.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Are you saying go?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;] Today is April the 1&lt;sup&gt;st&lt;/sup&gt;, 2014. I am interviewing, uh, Lieutenant Colonel George G. McGuire. My name is [Rose Marie] “Judy” Scherer. Uh, please call me Judy. Um, his interview is being conducted at UCF [University of Central Florida] in Orlando, Florida. It is part of the UCF, um—the whole title is—is Community History Project—[Community] Veterans History Project. Um, so we are going to start with, um, the early days. I would like to ask you where you were born and grew up.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Alright. Well, I was born in New Jersey—Summit, New Jersey. And When I was, uh, a few weeks old, my family moved on to Baton Rouge[, Louisiana].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Wow [&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Where my father worked in the oil refinery at Baton Rouge during World War II, and where I managed to acquire twin brothers and a sister.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Oh [&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Um, Shortly—well, not shortly. When I was about eight years old—eight or nine years old—we moved to England.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Oh.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Where my father was building an oil refinery at Fawley, near South Hampton, for Esso in England.  After we had been there about three years, we moved to Durban, South Africa.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Wow.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Where he was again a resident engineer for construction of an oil refinery—first one on the continent of Africa—and where I acquired a brother. I had acquired another sister in England, and now I had a brother in South Africa, so there are six children.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;We sailed back to the United States. This is now approximately 1954 on a ship called the &lt;em&gt;African Enterprise&lt;/em&gt;, which was a, um, freighter—combination freighter and passenger ship that carried a few passengers. And we were the only children, so we had the run of the ship.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;And that was great fun. We got back to, uh, New York in the middle of the wintertime. And my memory says it was in February, but that may not be right. And of course, being good loyal little Americans who had been out of the country for so many years, we had to stand up on the ship and watch Miss [the Statue of] Liberty as we came into New York Harbor.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Uh, following that, we lived in New Jersey for a number of years. And then I went off to college at the University of Notre Dame. And shortly afterwards, my father quit his job and moved to Massachusetts.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;And, uh, the bane of my life was that when I would go home for vacation to a place in Massachusetts surrounded by girls’ colleges, they all had vacation break at the same time as we did.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;So there was nobody there.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;And of course, Notre Dame at that time was all men, and there were no women there, unless we found some in the local community, which was a very difficult thing to do.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Uh, At Notre Dame, they had three R—all three ROTC [Reserve Officers' Training Corps] programs. This is 1959 when I started there. There’s a shooting [Vietnam] War going on in Asia. People are being drafted. I had no interest in being drafted and being given a rifle and go shoot people, so I said &lt;em&gt;Okay. I’d rather be an officer. And no, I don’t want to walk around in the mud, and I don’t want to sit on a boat bobbing up and down in the ocean. And since you have Air Force, I will go Air Force.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Um, so I did. And when I was graduating Notre Dame, I was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant in the United States Air Force and promptly sent to Whiteman Air Force Base in Missouri.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;So one of the first things I did was I bought myself a car. I didn’t have a car at that point, so I brought a brand new, shiny red Valiant convertible. And that was a neat looking car. I shaw—showed up on base, and went into my first assignment, and the people I’m working with—one of them takes one look at that car and says, “I give you one year.”&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Uh huh. And, uh, he turned out to be right. Because a few months later, I met a young lady, and less than a year later, we were married. All fault is directed at that shiny red convertible, I suppose.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;About a year or so after we were married, I got orders to transfer to McCoy Air Force Base, which, of course that’s a hardship tour to come to McCoy Air Force Base, which is now Orlando International Airport, where I was the base procurement officer here.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Now, they had assigned me to procurement when I went to Whiteman, and I didn’t know what “procurement” was. I only knew one meaning for the term, and it had more to do with what you did after hours than it did with buying anything the Air Force wanted. Anyway, I became procurement officer. “Procurement” just simply means that you’re the guy in charge of going out and buying stuff.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;So I was stationed here in McCoy, and, um, about that time, is when what was then called “Orlando Air Force Base” is transitioning to the Navy. And the last Air Force unit to transition out from Orlando Air Force Base was the hospital. So my two sons have the distinction of having been born in an Air Force hospital on a Navy base.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;From here, the, uh, Air Force sent me up to Washington, D.C., to go to George Washington University for a Master’s Degree in Business Administration, as my assignment for a year and a half. And then from there, to go to Seattle, Washington, to the, uh, Defense Contract Administration Services management area Office, otherwise known as DCAS.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Excuse me. What was it known as?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;DCAS. D-C-A-S.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;S.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Judy had a problem with this one earlier.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Which was at, um, Sand Point Naval Air Station, which was a little pimple on the side of the wealthiest area of ci—city of Seattle, a few blocks away from the University of Washington. Not very far from it. It no longer is a military installation. It’s now high-cost residential.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Um, let’s see. from there, the next assignment was to Bangkok, Thailand, to be the, uh—one of the officers assigned to the Air Force’s Procurement Center in Downtown Bangkok, which was supporting all of the Air Force and some of the Army units, uh, throughout Thailand and, uh, Vietnam. And this is at the tail end of the Vietnam War.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;From there, I went back to the United St—came back to the United States to go to uh, Norfolk, Virginia, to the Armed Forces Staff College.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;And then from there, to the, uh, Air Force OSI—Air Force Office of Special Investigations—in Washington, D.C., to act as an in-house consultant on procurement matters. Air Force OSI had been founded la—years before, in the very early days of the Air Force, because of scandal having to do with contracting. And then they had gotten away from that and they had forgotten had to spell “contracting.”&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;As they got mostly inter—interested in chasing drugs. But in, um—somewhere around 1970, there was another big scandal that came up that didn’t have anything to do with the Air Force, but it did with the Navy. And the Air Force decided that it would be smart to get back into that business and pay attention, because we are spending just huge sums of money. We ought to be paying attention to it. And the first thing they needed to do was to find somebody who knew something about the procurement system and could come in and act as an in-house consultant to them, and so they chose me.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Really?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;So for two years, I taught OSI agents how to spell “procurement” and the kinds of things to look for. The big thing coming out of it was to find out just how honest the system really is at that level. There may be corruption at other levels, but at the level of the working people doing the job, it is a very, very honest system.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Um, now what did I skip? Somewhere in here, I skipped something. No. I guess not. When that was finished, they sent me to Japan to be the Deputy Director of the Air Force’s Procurement Center in Tokyo—actually, at Yokota Air Force Base,&lt;a title=""&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt; which is just in the western suburbs of Tokyo—in which I had the responsibility for all of the, um, in-country support for Air Force and Army, and staff responsibilities towards the, uh, Army Center—similar to it in Korea, that took care of Air Force and Army in Korea.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;And, uh, let me think for a moment. Oh, yes. One of the, um, cases that I had run in the OSI had been an accusation made against the Lieutenant Colonel who commanded the Air Force Procurement Center at Yokota Air Base—that he was corrupt, and that he was accepting bribes from, uh, one of the car companies , which the, uh, U.S had a contract with for small engines.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Well, the truth of the story—it turned out, that the man was an elder of the Mormon Church,&lt;a title=""&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt; as well, as being a[sic] Air Force officer. And he had led a church group on a visit to the plant. Just a visit to go see what the plant looks like. And his big mistake: when he got back to his office was he had written the thank you note on Air Force letterhead, rather than on Mormon Church letterhead. And that had kicked off all of these accusations that he was, uh, a corrupt and on the take from this car company, which of course, he was not. But we had spent a bunch of time going and checking it out, so I knew all about it [&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;] before I got there.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Um, then that was followed by an assignment back in the United States to go to Rock Island Arsenal [in Rock Island-Moline, Illinois] to be the Deputy Director of the ammunition procurement division for U.S. Army Armament Material and [the U.S. Army Military Intelligence] Readiness Command, functioning as something called “Single Manager for Conventional Ammunition.”&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Army buys all the ammunition used by the military—all production ammunition, not development, but production—ammunition used by the military, of whom the Air Force was the second largest consumer. And therefore, the Air Force, to help with that mission, sent six officers to Rock Island to participate. And at th—this point, I am a Lieutenant Colonel. And so I became the Deputy Director of that division. We spent in that one division—and this is 1980—one and a half billion…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[&lt;em&gt;gasps&lt;/em&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Dollars a year. This is peacetime. One and a half billion. Buying bits and pieces of little things, most of which costs less than one dollar a unit, and the most expensive one was ten dollars a unit. All over the country. And then, the things we bought would flow to the Army load plants to be made up into rounds of ammunition—most of them. And they spent another billion and a half or so putting the stuff together as ammunition.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Okay. So I’m making decisions every day about how am I spending one and a half billion dollar budget. I’ve got a hundred people literally working for me. Uh, we are loading plants all over the country. We are making decisions about which factories we keep in business and which ones we don’t, and which communities stay in business because the factory’s there, and which ones don’t. And then I go home, and I have to be concerned if there was enough money in the checking account for my wife to go grocery shopping.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Whoa. A great[?] contrast.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;This got a little bit mind-bending at times.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Quite a contrast.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Hm?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Quite a contrast.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Quite a contrast. Yeah. And then, uh, I retired.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Yes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;At this point. I had been in the Air Force for 20 years and three weeks&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;And I decided it was time to go. I had three kids that needed to go to college, and they weren’t going to do it on Lieutenant Colonel’s pay, so I had to go do something else.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;And another interesting thing, to me at least, was that I had joined Air Force ROTC back there in college, because I had no desire to be anywhere near the Army or the Navy, but especially the Army. And so for my final tour of duty, I am winding up serving with the Army&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Oh.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;As one of their officers [&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;Anyway, so that’s it.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;What—when were you serving for the Army? Was that duty procur—procure—procurement, or was that when you [inaudible]?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;No. That was with the Army. I was Deputy Director…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Yeah.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;For Ammunition Procurement.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Yeah.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Deputy Directory of Ammunition Procurement Division of that Army command.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Well, it all is very impressive, and I’m sure it was most important, but it sounds to me like your career was drug[?] running and buying guns [&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Uh, no. actually…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Just joking.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;I might have bought some drugs along the way.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;To find out where [inaudible].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;But they would have been legal ones.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Um, Never bought any guns. Never bought an airplane, but I bought just about everything else.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Well, when you were doing procurement, the rifles—what were you actually…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Oh, I didn’t buy the rifles. I bought the ammunition that went in the rifles.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Oh, you bought the ammunition. Sorry. Yeah.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Somebody else bought the rifles.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Oh, you [inaudible].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;There was another group doing that.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Yes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;And there was another officer.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Mmhmm.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Other officers assigned to that.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;/strong&gt;So you said you were in Bang—so—so you said you were in Bangkok&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Mmhmm.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;And then you were in Thailand—I mean, Thailand is Bangkok.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Yes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;And other places, but um, did you—did you do anything in the states? How long were you in the states at the end of the career?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Well, it was three years in, uh, Rock Island.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Yes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;It was three years at McCoy Air Force Base.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Yes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;So two years in Whiteman’s. So that’s at least eight years of doing procurement there. And it was two years in the OSI, advising the OSI people about procurement—participating in, uh—in their actions.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Could you enlarge a little about your stay in Bangkok, and tell us more about what you did, and how difficult or easy it was? Because of the place, of course, it is always very hot there. [inaudible].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Yes. As we were talking earlier, if you got a, um, weather report for Orlando and a weather report for Bangkok, for the months of July, August, and September, you could not tell the difference as to which city you’re reading the report on. It’s the same.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Interesting.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;The difference is, of course, that Orlando does cool down—some. Bangkok doesn’t. The, uh—Bangkok only has, um, three temperatures—hot, hotter, and hellatious.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Uh, Bangkok was a very interesting and very, very different, uh, type of assignment. At that time, the Air Force’s procurement office was in a building in the center of Bangkok. It was called the “Chokchai Building,” and it, uh—it wasn’t terribly tall. My memory says seven floors, but it might’ve been more. Uh, the city was built on swamp, so the building was constructed such that it floated. And its basement was a big concrete barge, and it was floating. Now, the technology has progressed, and you go to Bangkok, and there are skyscrapers all over the place. It’s a fairly modern city, but at that time it was not.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;And, uh, so I was there as one of the officers assigned to that position. My memory says there were four of us, at that point, and I was the fifth one kind of detached. And, um, we just bought all the goods and services that the U.S. Air Force required in Thailand. And at that time, we had several bases scattered all over Thailand. And we had, um, people working for us—enlisted, uh, men—working for us at each base, also during procurement, but they were doing it as our subordinates for the stuff that had to come really from the local community. But otherwise, uh, we would buy the stuff in Bangkok—things in Bangkok. And this would be stuff—oh, it would be food, it would be entertainment, it would be the gas for the propane heaters, uh.—you name it. We would be buying it in Bangkok.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Um, We lived in a, uh compound, which was very much like a park, that was a little ways away from the, uh—from the office. And, uh, you walked in there and it was a beautiful little park-like area. It was lined with houses, all of which are rented to, uh, foreigners, like ourselves. Either American or Australian or somebody else, or the, uh, members of the diplomatic corps. And at the front of the—of the property, there was a very old, interesting Thai gentleman, and at the back of the property was his son and his family. And the fellow at the front—named [Mom Rajawongse] Seni Pramoj.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Seni Pramoj? [&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Seni Pramoj. Now Seni Pramoj is rather important in Thai-American relations. In World War II, the Japanese moved into Thailand, and Thailand declared war on the United States.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;I never [inaudible].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Seni Pramoj was the ambassador in Washington, D.C. He refused to deliver the declaration of war. United States chose to ignore it. When WWII ended, the United States chose—says, “Thailand was not an enemy combatant. They were an occupied country.” Other Allies had different opinions, and there’s[sic] arguments about it. And so the United States agreed, “Okay. We would take a little, tiny bit of reparations. We ‘ll take one house.” And it became the residence of the American Ambassador.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;That’s a fascinating story.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Seni Pramoj later was president of Thailand…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Oh, really?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;At one time or another.&lt;a title=""&gt;[3]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Oh.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;But at the time we met him, he is the landlord, sitting up at the front of the compound.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Oh[?].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;And we didn’t see him very often, but we did—knew who he was. But, um…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;I thought you were going to say he was the watchman. You know, because [inaudible].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;No. We figured that the—there was very little obvious security in that compound. There was no real guard at the gate or noth—but there were gardeners all over the place, and we figured they were all Thai CID [Criminal Investigator's Department].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;]Well, one of them was very important.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;And, uh…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;And I—I think that’s a story that is well worth recording, because it shows how a war was, uh—was, um, avoided by simple, you know…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Yeah, um…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Simple contacts.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;So, America has been—had a treaty of friendship with Thailand since 1835, or something like that. It was the first one we signed with anybody in Asia.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Oh, that’s interesting. [inaudible].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;‘Course, at that time, I think Thailand was probably about the only independent Asian country that we could get into. Japan was closed. China was, uh, occupied by several people. The—the British had Burma&lt;a title=""&gt;[4]&lt;/a&gt; and Malaya, And Dutch had Indonesia, and the French had Cambodia and Vietnam. And Thailand was in the middle. And we signed a treaty of friendship with those folks.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Yeah.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;which I think has paid off very handsomely for us.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Too bad it’s so unique.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;And it’s very unique.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Yeah.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;During the, um, Vietnam War, Thailand actively participated in the war. And Thailand provided us with access to their facilities, and that’s the only time they have ever done that for anybody that’s not Thai.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Yes[?]. [inaudible].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;So, um, [inaudible].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;I wish—wish they had done the same thing in Vietnam.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Well…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;You know, after [Ngô Đình] Diệm [inaudible]. But I’m supposed to ask you questions, and you answer at length&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Yeah. So…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;And I ask very short questions, but you’re asking at length very well [&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;One of the…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;So I don’t have to ask you many questions.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;One of the jobs I had, while I was there in Thailand, was to be the Contract Administrator for the Thai security guard contract. We employed…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;That sounds like a Chinese title. It’s so long.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Almost.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Can you say it again?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Thai security guard contract. To be the contract administrator. We had a contract, and it was written as a regular Air Force Procurement contract, between ourselves and the [Thai] Ministry of Defense, whereby they provided, uh, Thai military reserves to act as the security guards for all of our forces—our locations, rather—all over the country of Thailand.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Interesting.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Every little—every U.S…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[inaudible].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Space. Now, some of those were big. They’re big air bases. There’re lots of people. And some of them were little tiny listening posts…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Out in the jungle…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Wow.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;With maybe one or two Americans—well, usually more than that—maybe four Americans, and four or five Thai security guardsman to take care of them, to keep them safe, and literally keep the tigers from coming into the, uh…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[inaudible].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Into the post.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Mmhmm. That’s unusual.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Yeah, and part of my duties were[sic] to go and inspect every one of those installations all over that country to make sure people are doing the job right.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Well…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Which I did.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Yes. I’m sure you…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Which was a very interesting [inaudible].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;I’m sure you did it very arduously, but it sounds very interesting.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;It was. It was very interesting.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Yeah.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Uh, so where do we go next?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;I want to ask you if you, in all—in all these different places you’ve been, if you met any characters that stay—stayed in your mind as being particularly interesting, either, you know, um, good, bad, or eccentric, or whatever?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Hm. Strange…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Because your experiences are so different from other people’s in the military.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Yeah.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Usually[?], they’re in a unit, or they’re on some ship, and so on. But you were all over the place with all kinds of people, from the important ones to the not-so important ones.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Yeah, but some of them were just ordinary folk. Uh, like[?] I was. [inaudible].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;But you had to find people who spoke English, I presume.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Yes. And in most of the world, you can get by on English.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;That’s true.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Most educated Thais could speak some English.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Mmhmm.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;The, uh, officers on the Thai side, with whom I interfaced—one was an Admiral, the other was an Army Major, uh—spoke—spoke beautiful English.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Yes[?].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Um…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;That was—your stories are so interesting.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;That…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Can you tell another story that—of interest…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;From that…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[inaudible].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Well, there is one other one of interest from that. I went to one of the bases, and the, uh—the guardsmen work on the base. They work for the American, uh, military police chief, whoever he is. And so, I was talking to him one day, and he was telling me about a young airman who wanted to get married. Now, before a serviceman can get married overseas, especially in a warzone, his, uh, bride has to be vetted through the American Embassy.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Mmhmm.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;And most Americans, when they look at a Thai woman, cannot tell how old she is…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Until she is elderly, and then it’s obvious that she’s elderly. But as long as she is fairly young up through middle age, you’ve got no idea how old she is, when you look at her.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;So there was this, uh, one young fellow, who wanted to get married and this—this is, um—now, this is 1974 time period—to, uh, his Thai honey. And when they started checking on her, they found out that she had been a prostitute for the Japanese forces, when the Japanese had occupied this particular base 30 years earlier.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Unidentified&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Very interesting turnaround[?].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Unidentified&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;] So our 18 year old—18 year old…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Yeah.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;American G.I. couldn’t tell she was probably 45.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;All&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Interesting. That’s interesting story.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Yeah.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Do you have friends around the world that you made at that time?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;We did have for a long time, but then, um, over the years…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Yeah.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;They’re gone. The Admiral that[sic], uh, had been in charge from the Thai side—I kept in touch with for a long time, but then he died.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;I’m not supposed to add anything to this, but I have to say that a prostitute who was a prostitute for the Japanese was[?]—was, uh—was quite often recruited and kept as a slave for soldiers.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Oh, more than likely.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;What did they call them? There’s a name for them. But anyway…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Uh, comfort girls.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Comfort girls.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Or comfort women, rather.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;She—that could have happened to her. I mean, but still, she was old.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;It might have been.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[inaudible].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;But the point of the story wasn’t so much that she’d been a prostitute.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;That she was old.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;It was that she was at least 45 years old…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;And our 18 year old airman couldn’t tell.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;] That would’ve been an interesting—or a—have made a rather easy decision for the superior to make [&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Yes. I don’t think she got her clearance.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;] So do you—yeah. Do you keep in touch with anyone that[sic] was posted in those places with you?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;No. By now, I have lost—well, with all, except one. I still keep in touch with the man I worked for when I was in Japan.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Oh, yes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;But, uh…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[inaudible].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;The rest of them, time has gone by.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Tell us about more colorful characters you’ve met.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;ike, I don’t, uh—Well, one of the most colorful characters was a fellow out there when I was a Thailand—American officer, who had lost the, um, first two joints of[?] one of his fingers, through some kind of accident. He cut it off with a saw or something. It wasn’t—it wasn’t particularly interesting. But the thing was he only had that much. Now in Thailand, you bargained at that time. You bargain for everything, and—but the currency is baht. So we would go and we would say, “Four baht,” and “Five baht,” “Ten baht.” whatever. Well, he could bargain in half baht.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Unidentified&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;] I see why you remember him.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;That’s my main memory of him, is he could bargain in half bahts.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;I’m going to ask you a two-step question. Number one: did you ever keep a diary or make notes of what you were doing? Um…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;No.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Oh, that’s [inaudible]—that’s more or less the answer then. Because, uh, it would be interesting, and you probably would have forgotten by now some of the things. Some of the [inaudible].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Oh, I’m sure I’ve forgotten probably most of it by now.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Yeah.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;But no. I did—never kept any diary. I got movies and slides and stuff like that, but…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;So what about your family, that were in the states whilst you were doing all this? Did you keep in touch with them fairly well?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Well, my family was with me.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;No. Not your immediate family. I mean, your…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Oh.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Parents and siblings[?].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;My parents, and my brothers and sisters and siblings?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Yeah.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Oh, yeah.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Yeah.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;I still do keep in touch with them.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Yeah.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Now, my parents are long gone, but yeah. My brothers and sisters and I still keep in touch.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Well, of course, we didn’t have email or anything, so what did you do? Write to them?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Yeah. We write—wrote letters. And every time you circulated that through the country, you would, um, go and see people. Um, yeah. My wife’s, uh, parents lived in War—in Warsaw, Missouri, which, uh, is kind of south and west of Kansas City[, Missouri]—a couple hundred miles out in the country at the head waters of the Lake of the Ozarks in the Missouri countryside—hill towns. And it was amazing how Warsaw became on the way to everything.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Oh [&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;]. Via Warsaw [&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Yeah. It didn’t matter where we were going.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;It was always by way of Warsaw…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Missouri. It could have been—it was Washing—Florida to Washington, D.C., is by way of Warsaw, Missouri. Uh…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;] Oh, that’s good.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Seattle to Alabama for Squadron Officer School is by way of Warsaw, of course. That’s not too bad.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;But, uh, everything was by way of Warsaw.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Wow[?]. That’s funny.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;And then…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Does your wife like traveling?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Did she—yeah. She did.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Oh, I [inaudible].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;She’s now passed, but, uh, yeah.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Oh, I’m sorry.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;She did.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;I didn’t know. Um…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Yeah.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Well, you’ve had a very interesting life.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Yeah, ‘cause that particular—That first wife died about six years ago, but then she sent along a replacement, who ordered me up off of Match.com as her souvenir of her visit to America—the United States. And, uh, she’s Thai.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Oh, really?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Well, how is your Thai? [&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;My Thai is good enough…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[inaudible] mai tai [&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;My Thai—Yeah. I can order one of those. Um…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Mai tai [inaudible] [&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;My Thai is probably good enough to tell you “Hello” and “Goodbye.”&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;All of which is the same word: &lt;em&gt;sà-wàt-dee&lt;/em&gt;. And to ask, “&lt;em&gt;Hông náam yòo têe năi?&lt;/em&gt;” “Where’s the toilet?” in Thai.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;] Good one[?]. Good phrase [&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;And I could say thank you: &lt;em&gt;kòp kun mâak&lt;/em&gt;. And that’s about it. Uh, fortunately…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[inaudible] If you were in procurement, people must have been saying, “Thank you” to you often.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Oh, they were.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Okay[?]. Were you bribed at any time? Or tempted to be bribed?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;No. No. Though, uh, some people had trouble with the U.S. standards on that. And in one particular instance in Thailand, uh, the contractors just could not understand when we said, “No. We cannot take anything.” So one Thanksgiving or Christmas or something, they showed up with a lot of turkeys and stuff. “No. we cannot take it.” “But I can’t take it.” “Well, okay.” we gave it to the orphanage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Oh, that was a good idea.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;But no.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;You must have come across a lot of interesting situations like that. That’s a—that’s…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;We came across a lot of things that were cultural differences.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Yes, but I mean in the actual process of what you were doing. First of all, you had to find out who to start with to ask for what you needed. And then you had to choose between them.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;You had to choose between—yes. You have to define what you need. You have to find the people that can fill your need. And then you have to make a choice as to which one is going to fill it, and you have to pay attention to a whole long list of social things, as to which person can have this particular contract. Um…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;So you had to do a lot of hard work?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Yeah. Yeah. Well, this is all goes with part of the job.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;The job. Yeah.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Government procurement and commercial are not the same.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Oh.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;And the big difference is the rules that, uh, the government person has to follow. And people that[sic] I was—when I was teaching at OSI, one of their frequently raised complaints was: “Well, it would be so much cheaper if we did this, or if we did it that way.” And I would have to explain to them that the, um, military procurement regulations, which fill a space like this, were not designed for the efficient and economic acquisition of goods and services for the military. They were designed to fill the social aims of Congress first. And after you fill the social aims of Congress, then we do things to make sure we get stuff.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;But we have things like—you have Buy American Act [of 1933]. You have a, um, law that governs the amount of money that must be paid to the contractors on the job, which often is very different than the local prevailing wages. You have to procure from minority-owned businesses. You want to procure from women- owned businesses.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;They did that then? Back that far?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Oh, yeah. They’ve done this for a long time. And it goes on and on and on. On certain type of business would be set aside, to be filled by only people who meet these social constraints. Whatever they were.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Yeah.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;To fill the social aims of Congress. Um, I [inaudible]…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Tell me what was your biggest disappointment during this time?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Uh…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Something…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;I can’t think of one at the moment.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Go wrong after you went half way into it, or something like that?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Pardon?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Did anything go wrong after you went half way into it?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;No. The only interesting thing was I never intended to stay there.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;I intended to do my first tour of duty, and then get out.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Yes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;But by the time that, uh, point came up, Air Force requirement is four years of service after commissioning. And the point I had four years of service, and I had three little children. And I knew I needed a Master’s Degree, and there wasn’t any way that I was going to be able to support four little children and a wife and go get a Master’s Degree on my own. And the Air Force says, “We will send you to, uh, George Washington University for your MBA [Master’s of Business Administration], if you would like. All you have to accept is an extended service commitment of three times the length of that year and a half of school.” And then every time I did that, or I got promoted, or I got sent somewhere, there was always a service commitment attached to it. It wasn’t until I had 18 years of service in, that I could’ve get out if I wanted to. At that point, I stopped accepting any offers for anything that had a commitment on it.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;I see. That’s understandable. And I think you [inaudible]…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;But by then, I was at Rock Island Arsenal in Illinois.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;I think—I think you’ve your judgments in order.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Hm.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Because I—I admire what you put first[?].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;But you certainly had an intering—interesting career.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Yeah.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Tell me about something that—funny that happened whence you—when—when you were in one of these places.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Well, alright. Well, uh, the one we were talking about at lunchtime. Military people on active duty, and as a retiree, are entitled to fly space available on military aircraft from one point to another. ‘Course you have last priority.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;So we were in Japan, and my wife wanted to go to [South] Korea, which there were frequent flights between Yokota Air Base in Japan and Osan Air Base in Korea. So we went over to Korea, and on the way over we rode on a chartered airliner. And this just like riding in any other airliner, except this one is under charter with the [U.S.] DOD [Department of Defense].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;And we went shopping in Seoul[, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea]. She bought all kinds of stuff. We got back down to Osan Air Base with the—almost a pick-up truck full of, um, things that she wanted to take, and found out there was no space available going back to Japan. There were lots of people like us and no space going back. And furthermore, there were no hotel rooms available in this little town outside Osan to spend the night.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;So I called up my friend, who was the OSI boss in Osan, because this was shortly after my—my OSI tour, so I still knew the people. And he called around, and he called me back, and says, “Okay. Go down to this hotel,” [&lt;em&gt;clears throat&lt;/em&gt;] “and they’ll take care of you and put you up for the night.” We did. And the next morning, I informed her that she had just spent the night in a whorehouse.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;All&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;And how…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;That’s what it was.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;And how did you get back? [inaudible].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;So we went back to the base to wait along with all of these other people, and the, uh, wing at Yokota sent a training flight over to Osan. The Air Force flies training flights all the time. They have to. To train the people. Keep their skills up. So they said, “Okay. Well, we got all these people waiting over there. We’ll send this flight over today to Osan to, uh—to pick these folks up.” And they did, in a [Lockheed] C-130 [Hercules]. The C-130 is a flying truck. You sit in the back end of this, and it’s like sitting in the back end of a big truck, on a canvas seat with very little in the way of heat or any sort of comforts whatsoever. So we all filed in there, put all of our luggage in there in front of us, and then…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;In front of you?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. This is a…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;All down the middle of the plane?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Down the middle. This is the bay of a cargo airplane. This is not an airliner.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Oh.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;You—you’ve seen pictures though&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Yeah.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Now, they’re—they’re…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;In the movies.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;There—they’re about as—about like sitting in the back of a dump truck. Now, you load over the rear of that airplane. That’s how its tailgate goes down. And they can drive tanks, and trucks…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Oh, I’ve seen&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;And things like that. So everybody’s in there. We’re all sitting down, and the loadmaster goes to life the tailgate, and it won’t shut. Can’t get the door of the airplane shut.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;So he takes a piece of wire, wraps it around the door, holds it in place…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Take off to go back to Japan.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;All wired up [&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;And my brother-in-law, who is a—at that time, a paratrooper in the Army—uh, standard joke people ask him, “Why would you want to jump out of a perfectly good airplane?” And his answer is “Because the Air Force doesn’t have any.”&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;] Oh, really?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;This was…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Very interesting.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;A perfectly good airplane by Air Force standards. You could wire the door shut and fly.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Is there anything else you would like to tell us before we end?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Oh, I guess that’s probably about it.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Well, you’ve been an easy person, because I was supposed to tell you at the beginning, that this is for you to tell your stories, and I’m just…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Okay[?].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Just there to ask the questions. But it was, uh—I didn’t have to do that, because you had so many stories, and you told them so well, and it was really interesting, and I’m sure everyone who reads veterans’ stories will like this story.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;If we’ve got time for one more quick[sic] one…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Yes. We do.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;This is a funny one—to me, a funny one. Seattle is bordered on the eastern side of the city by a 20-mile long fresh water lake called Lake Washington. And One particular day, one of my friends up[?] there and I decided to check out some sailboats, because we had a—a sailboat, rather—as the Navy base had sailboats, and do sailing on Lake Washington. And we did. And we promptly knocked the sailboat down.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;And we got it back up, and then we promptly knocked it down again. Now, the big lesson that I learned about doing that was that a can of beer, if it has not been opened, will float.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Because the beer we had, we can’t—that hadn’t been opened yet—all of it just floated every time we knocked the sailboat over, and so we got it back up, and we got out beer back on board.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Oh, really? That’s interesting. Is it because there’s air in the can?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Sure.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Or because there’s not very much in it? [&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;There’s air in the can, and a can of beer is sealed. It can’t get out, and it floats. And I…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[inaudible].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Didn’t know until then that a can of beer will float.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Is there anything else you’d like to tell us…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;No.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;We conclude?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Now that I’m thinking about it, I could go all afternoon.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Yes[?]. Well, you were the easiest person to interview, I must say. Um, let’s see there was something I wanted to say to you, as well. Well, we—we thank you very much for being part of this program,&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Sure.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;And, um, I certainly enjoyed listening to your story, so I think you’ll be a great contributor. And…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;I hope so.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;So thank you very much.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;You’re welcome.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scherer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Good luck.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;McGuire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Thank you.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a title=""&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt; Correction: Yokota Air Base.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a title=""&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt; Officially the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a title=""&gt;[3]&lt;/a&gt; September 17, 1945-January 31, 1946.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a title=""&gt;[4]&lt;/a&gt; Also known as the Republic of the Union of Myanmar.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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                  <text>As part of RICHES of Central Florida, UCF intends to record, archive, and make accessible oral history interviews of Central Florida veterans. Diversity is a main focus for this project since there are many different subgroups under the group veterans, all with important stories. While the histories will be largely archived and made available through the UCF library, a portion will be contributed to the ongoing Veterans History Project based out of the Library of Congress.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="http://library.ucf.edu/about/departments/special-collections-university-archives/" target="_blank"&gt;Special Collections and University Archives&lt;/a&gt;, University of Central Florida Libraries, University of Central Florida</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/veterans/" target="_blank"&gt;UCF Community Veterans History Project&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES MI&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>"&lt;a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/veterans/" target="_blank"&gt;About the Project&lt;/a&gt;." UCF Community Veterans History Project, RICHES of Central Florida, University of Central Florida. http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/veterans/.</text>
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              <text>University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida</text>
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              <text>41 minutes and 6 seconds</text>
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                <text>Oral History of Lawrence Paul Levine</text>
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                <text>Oral History, Levine</text>
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                <text> Veterans--Florida</text>
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                <text> Vietnam War, 1961-1975</text>
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                <text> Air Force</text>
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                <text>An oral history interview of Lawrence Paul Levine (b. 1947), who enlisted in the U.S. Air Force (USAF) in August of 1966, just after being drafted into the U.S. Army. Levine was born in Rochester, New York, on June 8, 1947. He served in Europe during the Vietnam War, until he was discharged on August 31, 1970. Levine received a Good Conduct Medal for his service.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This oral history interview was conducted by Mary Hughes Young on April 1, 2014. Interview topics include Levine's background, his enlistment in the Air Force and drafting into the U.S. Army, basic and advanced training, being stations in Europe, getting married voerseas, returning to the U.S. after being discharged, and his life as a civilian afterward.</text>
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                <text>0:00:00 Introduction&lt;br /&gt;0:00:32 Background&lt;br /&gt;0:02:38 Draft and enlistment&lt;br /&gt;0:06:42 Basic training at Lackland Air Force Base&lt;br /&gt;0:10:06 Sharpshooting and career assignment&lt;br /&gt;0:13:52 Advanced training at Amarillo Air Force Base&lt;br /&gt;0:21:16 Assignment in Europe&lt;br /&gt;0:26:55 Relationships with other servicemen and assignments&lt;br /&gt;0:30:15 Getting married overseas&lt;br /&gt;0:31:09 Rank and discharge&lt;br /&gt;0:33:30 Life after service&lt;br /&gt;0:36:28 Treatment from civilians&lt;br /&gt;0:37:29 How service affected civilian life&lt;br /&gt;0:39:15 Closing remarks</text>
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                <text>Oral history interview of Lawrence Paul Levine. Interview conducted by Mary Hughes Young at the University of Central Florida in Orlando, Florida.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://stars.library.ucf.edu/veteransoralhistories/259/" target="_blank"&gt;Levine, Lawrence Paul&lt;/a&gt;. Interviewed by Mary Hughes Young. April 1, 2014. Audio/video record available. &lt;a href="http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/VET/id/277/rec/1" target="_blank"&gt;Item DP0014898&lt;/a&gt;, UCF Community Veterans History Project, Orlando, Florida.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer/" target="_blank"&gt;Adobe Flash Player&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://java.com/en/download/index.jsp" target="_blank"&gt;Java&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://get.adobe.com/reader/" target="_blank"&gt;Adobe Acrobat Reader&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="529293">
                <text>&lt;a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/veterans/" target="_blank"&gt;UCF Community Veterans History Project&lt;/a&gt;, Orlando, Florida.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/92" target="_blank"&gt;UCF Community Veterans History Project Collection&lt;/a&gt;, RICHES of Central Florida.</text>
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                <text>Digital transcript of original 41-minute and 6-second oral history: &lt;a href="http://stars.library.ucf.edu/veteransoralhistories/259/" target="_blank"&gt;Levine, Lawrence Paul&lt;/a&gt;. Interviewed by Mary Hughes Young. April 1, 2014.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="529296">
                <text>Standards established by the &lt;a href="http://www.loc.gov/vets/" target="_blank"&gt;Veterans History Projects&lt;/a&gt;, Library of Congress.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="529297">
                <text>Rochester, New York</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="529298">
                <text> Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="529299">
                <text> U.S. Bureau of Customs and Border Protection, Providence, Rhode Island</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="529300">
                <text> Lackland Air Force Base, San Antonio, Texas</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="529301">
                <text> Amarillo Air Force Base, Amarillo, Texas</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="529302">
                <text> McGuire Air Force Base, Burlington County, New Jersey</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="529303">
                <text> Rhein-Main Air Base, Germany</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="529304">
                <text> Shaw Air Force Base, Sumter, South Carolina</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="529305">
                <text> Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="529306">
                <text>Levine, Larry</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="529307">
                <text> Young, Mary Hughes</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="529308">
                <text>&lt;a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES of Central Florida&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="529309">
                <text>2014-04-01</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="529310">
                <text>2014-04-01</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="529313">
                <text>353 MB</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="529314">
                <text>224 MB</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="529315">
                <text>41-minute and 6-second audio/video recording</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="529316">
                <text> 28-page digital transcript</text>
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            <description/>
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              <elementText elementTextId="529317">
                <text>eng</text>
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          <element elementId="122">
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              <elementText elementTextId="529318">
                <text>History Teacher</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="529319">
                <text> Civics/Government Teacher</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="529320">
                <text> Geography Teacher</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="124">
            <name>Provenance</name>
            <description/>
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              <elementText elementTextId="529321">
                <text>Originally created by Mary Hughes Young and Larry Levine and published by &lt;a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES of Central Florida&lt;/a&gt;.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="529322">
                <text>&lt;a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES of Central Florida&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="529323">
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              <elementText elementTextId="529324">
                <text>&lt;a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/veterans/" target="_blank"&gt;UCF Community Veterans History Project&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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            <name>Curator</name>
            <description/>
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              <elementText elementTextId="529325">
                <text>Cepero, Laura</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="529326">
                <text>&lt;a href="http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/landingpage/collection/VET" target="_blank"&gt;UCF Community Veterans History Project&lt;/a&gt;, UCF Digital Collections, University of Central Florida</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES MI&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES of Central Florida&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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            <name>External Reference</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="529329">
                <text>Herring, George C. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5126110" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;America's Longest War: The United States and Vietnam, 1950-1975&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Wiley, 1979.</text>
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            <name>Transcript</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="529335">
                <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Unidentified&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Recording.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Today [&lt;em&gt;clears throat&lt;/em&gt;] is April the 1&lt;sup&gt;st&lt;/sup&gt;[, 2014]. I am Mary Hughes Young, and I am interviewing Lawrence Paul Levine.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Right.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Who served in the U.S. Air Force [&lt;em&gt;sniffs&lt;/em&gt;]. Um, This is part of the University of Central Floride—Florida’s Community Veterans History Project, and we’re recording this interview at University of Central Florida in Orlando, Florida. Okay. Larry, tell me first about when and where you were born.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;I was born in Rochester, New York, in 1947.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Okay. And did you live there for all of your educational years?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Uh, primarily, yes. Yes. I, uh, graduated college in Rochester also, after the—after my service.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Okay. Uh, do you have brothers or sisters?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Yes. I have two brothers.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Two. So there were three of…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Yes. There were three of us in the family.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Where were you in the birth order?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Uh, I’m the oldest.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;The oldest? Okay. What did your parents do for a living?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Well, my father had a number of different jobs. Uh, He was a bread salesman for Thomas’ English Muffins for a while, and then worked for a supermarket chain as one of their managers of one of their stores. Um, my mother was pretty much of a stay-at home mom. Um, She became very si—very sick, um, at a very young age and—and passed away at a very young age also. Uh…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Okay. And how old were you when she passed away?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;I was, uh, 20.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;20? Okay.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;21.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Uh, Were any of your family members or extended members in the military?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Yes. My father—my father was. He was in World War II. He, uh, was an in-flight radio operator in—at that time, was the Army Air Corps, uh, which then became the Air Force. Uh, in-flight radio operator and served over in India, going back from Karachi to Calcutta, India.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Okay. Uh, tell me about your education before you went into the military.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Well, I, um, graduated high school in 1964. Uh, was accepted to Brown University, um, in Providence, Rhode Island. [&lt;em&gt;clears throat&lt;/em&gt;] Finished one year there, and then my mother became very ill, and I had to come back home, which led me into the next phase of my life of being in the—in the military. Um, so that was prior to me going into the service.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Okay. Uh, And why did you decide to go into the military?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Well, uh, because I came back home and had to help the family out. Uh, during that time, it was the Vietnam War, obviously—back in the—in the [19]60s. Um, in all honestly, I was ultimately drafted.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Now, there was a[sic] interesting—very interesting story that leads up to that. Um, When I came back home, I went to work for the U.S. Customs Service. My background is primarily: I was going to school in business and accounting, and I was fortunate enough to get a job [&lt;em&gt;clears throat&lt;/em&gt;] with the U.S. Bureau of Customs [and Border Protection] in Rochester. Uh, went to work for them full-time. Did a number of j—jobs for them, primarily in the accounting area, and also, uh, did a few clearances of planes and—and ships and that system, where I need to, in that particular area. But I worked in the, um, government, uh—in the state office building—actually, it was a Federal building. It wasn’t even a state. It was a Federal building, because it was U.S. Customs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;And, uh, the draft board was right downstairs from my offices. And I became very friendly with a number of the different people who worked in the draft board, and informed them of my situation: that, uh, I was eligible for the draft, because I wasn’t going to school full-time. I was going to school part-time. Uh, they had informed me at that particular time that, “No—no worries. No problems.” That, uh, I would be safe, because I knew everybody there. And low- and behold, before I knew it, my letter from Uncle Sam came and said I was drafted.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Okay.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;So I went back to the [&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;]—to the, uh, draft board and said, “What happened here?” And their excuse was, “Oh, we’re sorry. It got by us,” and everything like that. So, um, in ess—in essence, I was drafted, but before I was drafted, I enlisted in the Air Force.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Okay.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Okay.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Um, and was this before the lottery was in effect?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;No. The lottery was in effect, if I’m not mistaken. Um, the—there was a lottery, and I had a pretty, pretty low lottery number.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Okay.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Meaning that I was very eligible for the draft. Uh, I wasn’t going to Canada. I wasn’t going any place, but I was informed again by the draft board that I’d be safe. And, uh, low and behold, I wasn’t.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Okay. Because of the work you were doing?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;No. It’s just that—because I knew people at the draft board, who said if they saw my name come up, they would pull it [&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Oh, okay. Okay. Well, how did you feel about being drafted then? Um, was it—was it…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Concerned.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;A big shock?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Concerned.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Okay. Okay.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Shock. Uh, the first thing, obviously, that came to my mind, was: &lt;em&gt;Well, if you’re drafted, then you’re going into the Army. And if you go in the Army, you are going to carry a gun. If you carry a gun, you’re going to go to Vietnam.&lt;/em&gt; So, uh, when that—when that happened, obviously, the family was very concerned about it. And, uh…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;And so—so…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;They didn’t want me to go. So I figured it would be best if I went into the Air Force.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Right. And so you signed up for the Air Force…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Yes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Right after you were drafted?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Yes. That’s correct.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Okay.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;That’s correct.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;And So your family was feeling&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Uh…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Concerned about the situation too?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;They were more concerned, obviously, during that whole period of time, but not as concerned if I allowed myself to be drafted in the Army.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Into the Army. Okay. How about your, uh peers? You friends or girlfriend? How did they feel about you going into the military?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Uh, my friends were kind of like, &lt;em&gt;Better you than me&lt;/em&gt;, at that particular time. Uh, I’m sure most people realized that was not the greatest time in our history for the military. Most people were looked down on in going into the military. Uh, I had some tough experiences myself with that particular situation. Uh, my girlfriend, at the time, was pretty much—said, “If you are going into the military, then I’m not waiting around for you, so,” [&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;] “I’m—I’m gone.”&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;As if you had a choice, right? [&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Yeah. As if I had a choice. Right. Right.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Okay. Uh, well, now you’re in the Air Force.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Mmhmm.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;And where did you do your basic training?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Uh, Lackland Air Force Base in San Antonio, Texas. I was there in August of 1966.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Okay. And, uh, what were your expectations of— being in the, uh—in basic training? Did you—did you have any idea of what was going—what it was going to be like?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;No. I had an idea, but I didn’t—I didn’t think it would be as bad as it really was. Uh, I was in good shape at the time, okay?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Uh huh.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Weighed a lot less than I do now. And, um, expected it to be a little different, uh, physically and mentally. Uh, The aspects of basic training are obviously to get you in a situation to where you are able to accept orders, and you’re able to—be able to do things when they’re—when you’re told to do them. And, uh, I accepted that without any problem. It’s just—there’s a little more physical on my body than I had anticipated.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Okay. Can you elaborate a little bit on that?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Yeah. The marching…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;What was a typical day like?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;The typical day is we get up at like five in the morning—4:30-5 o’clock in the morning, and we’d have to make our bunks and get everything straightened away for the day. We go to me—the mess hall, where we had breakfast. And that was one of the things that surprised me, because we just didn’t take our time in—in being able to eat breakfast. We were given a certain amount of time to get in line, eat our breakfast, and get ready to go outside. It was a lot shorter than I had anticipated. So, uh, my eating habits had to change very quickly, because of that.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Hm.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Uh, after that, we would do either calisthenics or marching. Um, go to the gun range, which kind of surprised me, because I didn’t think I would be shooting a gun. Uh, had qualified in the—in the gun range.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;And had different classes on just general military, um—you know, the way of life of a—of a person in the military. Uh, Things—how to handle yourself, how to be able to, uh, you know, again, take orders, and anything that had to do with the military. Military history, all of that.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Okay. And this—how long was your basic training? How many weeks?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Uh, wow. You see, I—that—I, uh—I want to say eight weeks.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Eight weeks? Okay.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;But it might be a little bit longer than that. I mean, that’s 40—what? 40—safe[sic] —48 years ago. And [&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;]…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Okay.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[inaudible]. I really didn’t wanna do any…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;It’s not for everybody[?].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Research on that.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;You know there’s an end to it.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Yes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;It’s not gonna be forever.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;That’s absolutely correct.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Okay. Um, what were your instructors like?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[&lt;em&gt;sniffs&lt;/em&gt;] I thought the meanest people in the world, okay? They didn’t take any—they didn’t take anything from anybody.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Uh huh.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Um, which is what they were supposed to do. You were supposed to be there to listen to them. Them—they were, um, NCOs [non-commissioned officers], which is, uh, the equivalents of sergeants, okay? They were not officers, although the heads—some different, um, sections were—were officers—captains and—and, uh, lieutenants and that. But, um, you know…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[inaudible].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;I realized after a while, that they were doing their job, and that if they were soft on us, and if we became—a situation, which we got involved in, we couldn’t be soft either. So the, um—they did their job, and I think they did it—looking back on it, I think they did a good job on ‘em.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Okay. Uh, let’s back up a minute.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Sure.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;You said you didn’t think you’d have to shoot a gun&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Mmhmm.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;But you did.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Right.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;And I think I noticed on your paper that you were, uh, a sharpshooter.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Yeah. I surprised myself, to be honest with you.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Had you ever shot a gun before?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;No.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Okay. So…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;No.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;You adapted to that well.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;I adapted to it. Yeah. Well…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Okay.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Which again, kind of concerned me. In effect, if I’m a sharpshooter, they might do something with me, other than what I wanted to do [&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Did you receive, uh, any advanced, specialized training?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Not at that time. No. When we, uh—Just To—to go back a little bit, uh, historically, what led up to this: when I enlisted in the—in the Air Force—and I— don’t mean to take away what you’re—you—the questions you are asking—uh, I had to take a battery of tests…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Mmhmm.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;To determine where I was best fit for the Air Force. Uh, and, at that time, I was—I—I actually scored highest in the administrative area. It was like electronics, administrative, mechanical, uh—those I think—and—and just basic—basic air. So I scored highest in administrative, which I assumed that I would, because that was pretty much my background and what I wanted to do.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;However, at the time that I went in, and—there were no openings in the administrative field. So I said, “Well, if you don’t have anything in the administrative area, send me home. I don’t—I don’t need to come then.”&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;They said, “No. that doesn’t work that way, okay? Now, you’re going to be in the electronics field.” I said, “Okay. Electronics.” “Yeah. You know, putting wires together and all this kind of stuff. Wherever you’re needed in electronics.” You know, that’s a wide area, obviously. I said, “Okay.” and they gave me another battery of tests, and one of the tests was called the Ishihara [Color] Test—and I’m not sure if you’re fa—familiar with that? That’s the one where they have the numbers that are embedded in the different colors, so that if you’re looking at it, it is to determine if you are colorblind or not.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Oh.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Well, I really botched that up big time. I think I only got two numbers out of all of them that they showed me. I just couldn’t pick out the different numbers in the blocks of different colors. So they sat back and they said “Well, hm. If you can’t pick out the numbers, how are you going to put a red wire together with a green wire or with a blue wire, and make sure it’s running properly? So you can’t go into electronics.” So I said, “Good. Send me home.” They said, “No. it doesn’t work that way.”&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I said, “Well, how about administrative again?” “No. we still don’t have any openings.” “Okay. So now what?” “Well, we’re going to give you your choice of what you want to do, Okay? This is the career that you’re going to have in the Air Force.” One: You can become a cook, okay? Number two: you can become a parachute rigger, okay? Putting together the parachutes for the pilots and [inaudible]. Three: you can be an air policeman, because you did qualify that [inaudible]. Or four: you can be an airframe repair specialist.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;So I sat back and I thought, &lt;em&gt;Well, I could kill everybody with my cooking&lt;/em&gt;, because I couldn’t cook very well, okay? &lt;em&gt;If I became a parachute rigger, god forbid if a parachute didn’t open when the pilot jumped out of the plane or whatever[?], I’d probably kill somebody that way. &lt;/em&gt;Air police? I says[sic], &lt;em&gt;Nah. I’m not big enough to be a good air &lt;/em&gt;policeman, you know? I could direct traffic, but that would probably be all that I could do. So that left me with airframe repair, okay? So that’s where we’re back—that’s where—that’s a little bit about the background on my next point after basic training.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Okay. So in basic training, you get your assignments?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Exactly.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;And you were assigned to be an air…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Airframe Repair.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Airframe Repair? Okay.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;That’s exactly correct.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Okay. So that’s working on the outside of the airplane.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Uh, It could be the inside too.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Oh, okay. Anything to do with the frame of an airplane?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Right.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Okay, but, um—so where were you assigned after basic training?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;I was assigned after basic training to advanced training at Amarillo Air Force Base—Texas also. I really didn’t leave Texas for my basic training and my advance training. And this was strictly was airframe repair now.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Okay.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Okay? This was how—to teach me how to be, uh, an airframe repairman.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Okay.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;I have two left hands, so you can imagine&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;What it was like to be in Airframe Repair School [&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Okay. And—so how long where you in&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Uh…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Airframe training?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Six months, actually.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Six months? Okay.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Almost six months. It was—yeah.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;And What was your impression of this a—assignment?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;I thought it would be just going to school, But unfortunately, it wasn’t. It was an extension of the basic training, only, to be honest with you, worse. First of all, the weather in Amarillo, Texas, was horrible. I was there during the wintertime, and it was cold and freezing, and we were doing calisthenics outside and we were running, and we were marching. And I said, &lt;em&gt;This isn’t supposed to be like this.&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;This is like I’m supposed to learn how to work on airplanes, not&lt;/em&gt; [&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;]—&lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt;—I said, “This was already done in basic training. Why do I—why do I gotta do that again?” “No, no, no.” And actually, they—they called them “TIs”—technical instructors—were worse in—in Airframe Repair School than they were in basic training. They were harder on us in—in, uh—in school.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Okay.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;So…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;How many hours would you actually be in—in training for repairs?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;For repairs? It was about six to eight hours a day.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;So a long day?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Yeah. It was just on the repair. Just on airframe repairs. That wasn’t—again, the calisthenics or the marching and everything else. So it was a full day.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Okay. And did it start early…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Yes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Like in basic training?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Not as early, but pretty close.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Pretty close? Okay.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;What did your duties entail as an airframe worker?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Well, again, there’s another story that goes along with that, okay?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Tell it.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Uh,Well, in—in basic airframe repair, you do anything from sheet metal work to fiber glassing to, umm anything that has to do, again, with—with the frame. Ma—uh, making sure that the—that the actual plane itself is in good shape to fly, okay? From a sheet metal standpoint, and not the electronics standpoint. Obviously, that’s in another area.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;But, uh—this—this, again, is a—is another story. I had two left hands, as—as I had mentioned. Uh, I couldn’t hit a hammer—nail with a hammer great, and they’re putting me on working on airplanes. Well, each part of the course was a different thing you did with an—with the airframe. Riveting was one area, sheet met—cutting out certain, uh, pieces on the plane was another area.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Uh, one of the areas that they had, they called them “blocks.” each one was a separate block, and what you did was you learned as part—as in the individual blocks was, uh, fiber glassing, okay? And how to fiberglass, how to use fiberglass, and how to be able to mold it on a plane were necessary things like that. I wish you could’ve seen me doing the fiberglass work. You’d—it’d—it’s a real comedy. It was a real comedy, a real joke.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;What was the, uh, difficulty in—in doing that? I don’t—I haven’t worked with fiberglass.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Well, it’s just mixing—mixing the ras—the resin together…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Oh, okay.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;So it’s the right consistency. Being able to lay out the sheets of fiberglass on there, and smooth it over, sand it down. All of these different areas are part of the—are part of the fiberglass work, okay?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Okay.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;So that—that—that’s—that was part of it. That was one of the blocks.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Alright. And there were other things, like riveting classes?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; How to use a rivet gun properly. Um, All different types—all different of things on—on, Again, using sheet metal, and using—and repairing aircraft.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;What did you like best about that?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Nothing [&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Nothing? Okay. So you kind of felt like you were a...&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;I was a…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Round peg…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Yes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;In a square hole?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Exactly.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Exactly. I was not in the proper location.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Okay.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;And unfortunately, the Air Force didn’t realize at the time, okay? They put me through it.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Were your instructors, um, understanding? Or…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Yes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Patient? Or…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;They pretty—they were pretty understanding, with the exception of the one from the fiberglass area, because, uh, I ultimately did not pass the test to move on to the next phase of the Airframe Repair School. So I actually had to take a complete week all over—or, em, two weeks, I believe, or three weeks. I had to take that all over again.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;All the fiberglass work?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Yes. The fiberglass portion. And the other ones I had passed…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Uh huh.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;But the fiberglass portion, I had a very difficult time with, and, uh, I had to take that part of the program all over again.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Okay. And then you passed it?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Yes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Okay. So now are you ready for the next, uh—for your next assignment?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Well, again, the reason—now, I was part of a group of students. My class, I think, was like 12 or 14 students in my class. Because I had failed the test, they moved on to the next phase, I had to wait until the next class came along to pick up with them, and to begin the fiberglass portion all over again.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Okay.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Okay. Which I did. Uh, I think I had to wait a week before the next class came to the point that they were going to do the fiberglass…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Oh, okay. I see.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Block. So I waved goodbye to all of my fellow students. They had gone—they had gone on to the next phase, and started it, and started the next group. Which a second time I did pass, okay? So I finished and graduated tech school, at that point.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Okay. So you only had to wait behind two weeks, and then do you catch up with your class again?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;No.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;No?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;No. Then I’m involved with this next…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Your [inaudible]?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;New class. [inaudible].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Okay. Did you go through all the training you did before?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;No. No. I just picked it up from the fiberglass portion. I’m not sure if it was the third block or the second block. I really don’t remember.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Uh huh.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;But then I just proceeded on with that class. Now, as they had finished block one and block two…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Right.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;And they went into fiber glassing. I had finished one and two, and started in with them as part of my new class, and we continued on together.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Okay. [inaudible].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;So I had to meet all new students, and—and get involved with the new class.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Can you describe an event that wasn’t typical in this particular time of your training? You’re in the six months training now. Is there anything that happened that wasn’t typical of an everyday experience or—that you can think of?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Mm. Not really. No. It was just pretty much—cou—can’t wait to get out and get an assignment type of situation. And, um, I—Like I said, I did the very best I can. I knew I had no choice, and, uh, I was able to pass and continue on. But it was pretty much the same routine. The only difference that we had was that we had, uh, leave on the weekends, and we were able to go into Amarillo, which There’s not much there. So we did have leave—we did have leave time then. It wasn’t like a seven days a week type of training.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Okay.So not really anything memoral—memorable during this time?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Not really. No.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Okay. So at six—when you finished that six-month training…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Mmhmm.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;What happened then?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;‘Nother interesting point. I guess—I guess I had more interesting points than I thought I did. When I, um, came out of my next—with my new class, my previous class had gone on. And of course. they graduated from the technical school before I did. They all got their orders, and the entire class got orders for Vietnam, okay? So if I was in that class, I would have ended up going to Vietnam, at the time. My situation was, when I graduated and I saw my orders posted, I got sent to Europe [&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;]. So…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;That’s interesting&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;It is. It was lu—very lucky. Uh…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;At that point, you weren’t too [inaudible] —too very sorry that you weren’t very adept to…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;No. Not really. But of course, you know, that can change—that can change at any time also. But, uh, quite a relief on my family’s part, to say the least.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Right.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Um, It—it was—it was very, [&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;] very interesting time, believe me. So I was sent to Europe, uh, in what they called a “TDY outfit,” which was temporary duty assignments. Now, I was assigned to work on a [McDonnell Douglas] F-4 [Phantom II] aircraft. they called it the “phantom jet.” I worked on [McDonnell] F-101s [Voodoo], [Republic F-]105s [Thunderchief], uh, various different types of programs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;My basic job was to work on the outboard tanks and pylons. The pylons were, uh, the apparatus that held the bomb racks on. So we were working on putting on bomb racks on the different types of aircraft, and they would then go over to Vietnam.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Okay.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Now…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;So you were specialized in your duties?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Yes. Yes. We were—we became specialized in our duties. Now, the government, at the time—again, we were set up as a temporary duty assignment. We had—had to go from base to base to work on these different aircraft. The government thought that it would be cheaper for us to travel in groups and work on these tanks and pylons, because the point of the—with these jets are: they had the jettison their outboard tanks and their pylon or bomb racks when they took off after their bombing runs. Because if they kept those on, it would add weight to the plane itself, in which case, they couldn’t get away—get away as quick, uh, without them. So they were continuously jettisoning these, and when they would come back to—to Europe, we’d have to refit them with new ones, and make—and—and get them all set up for them to go out again. Even though most of them were based right in Vietnam or Thailand and that[?], um, they still came for—for, uh, overall maintenance back to the, uh—back to Europe.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Okay.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;So…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Where in Europe were you?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Okay. I was in, uh, Turkey, Italy, Greece, Libya, England, Spain, and my home base was in Germany, okay? That’s where we worked out of. We worked out of Rhein-Main [Air Base], Germany, in, uh, Frankfurt [am Main, Hesse, Germany], okay? So that’s where my main outfit was. It was Detachment 51.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Okay. And that’s[sic] the ones you graduated with?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;No.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[inaudible].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Actually, some—Most of them—most of them did go on to that, but I think there were about six or seven that went to different, uh— areas, okay?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Uh, that’s another [&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;]—again, that’s another interesting point. Uh, When I flew over from, uh, New Jersey—McGuire Air Force Base. I left out of McGuire Air Force Base. It’s—it’s a funny story. There were like three planes lined up taking all of us over to Europe. There were two commercial airliners, and then there was what they called a “C-141 Galaxy.” And I said, “Oh, I’m going to go over to Europe in a nice, uh, airliner,” and I ended up going over on a military aircraft, sitting in the seats on the sides [&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;]. So it was kind of a bumpy ride over there.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;But when I landed, my orders were to catch up with my unit in what they called—in a place called Chaumont[, Haute-Marne], France, okay? So I landed at Rhein-Main Air Force Base, Germany, caught a shuttle, uh—a military shuttle. Uh, it wasn’t a plane. It was a bus, alright? Down to Chaumont, France. Caught up with my, eh—with my group down there, okay? With my detachment down there. And I noticed as I went into—to the offices to report in, that they’re packing up everything. And I went and signed in, and I said to the desk sergeant or whatever his name was, “What—what’s going on,” okay? “I was told to report here.” They said, “Well, we’re leaving.” I said, “Why are you leaving?” Well, at that time, France was not in the best, you know, of friends with the—with the United States. And, uh, this is part of the NATO [North Atlantic Treaty Organization] Pact, and we were—we were leaving out of France. And I said, “Oh,” I said, “So we’re not going to stay in France?” “No.” “Well, where are we going?” He said, “Rhein-Main Air Force Base in Germany.” I said, “Wait a minute. I just came from there.” [&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;] I said, “I just took a bus and came from Rhein-Main.”&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Going to your official[?] [inaudible].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;“Why didn’t anybody tell—why didn’t anybody tell me that I was going to go back to—I would never have left I would have waited for ya there.” Well, as it turned out, we went—we went back to Rhein-Main, and, um, set up shop there, and, uh, proceeded to travel all over Europe, and—and working on these tanks and pylons and—and getting them set, so that they—we can put ‘em on the planes, and they can take off.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Did you have a schedule for where you would be and…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Yes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;How…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Yes. We had orders every—every time. Uh…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;And how did that work? Or—or did you not know ahead of time?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Um, when we finished one assignment, we’d come back for a while, and, uh, work around…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Always back to Germany?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Back to Germany. Right.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Okay.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;And then get our—get our next assignment when we were told to go out…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Okay.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Again.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;What was your relationship with the oth—other service personnel that you worked directly with on the pylons?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Oh, we, uh—we had a good relationship. I mean, we were a unit. We pretty much hung around together. Uh, when we had time, we played softball, uh, on—in a league on base. And again, I was a lot, a lot thinner [&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;] back then. And, uh, we had—we had a good time. I mean, it was pretty much a regular eight-hour day, okay? Uh, if—whether or not it was at the—at the base that we were at, or at our home base in Germany.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There was—every once in a while, we had assignments. Outside of our unit, was the, uh, uh Boeing 707—I think it was, um, at the time. It was the General of the Air Force’s plane, uh, of Europe&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Mmhmm.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Okay. Uh, [inaudible]. It was the General’s plane—his personal plane—was out there. Actually, come to think of it now, it was the [Boeing] KC-135 [Stratotanker] —was—which was an inflight re-fueler, where those, you know—the planes come up to it, and they drop the boom in that. Well, this was a converted KC-135 for the General. Really nice, nice plane. And we had work on that every once in a while, changing some things, and, you know, making sure that everything was okay.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;When you were, uh, at base, or on these assignments, were you always busy? Or were there times that you didn’t—were waiting for the next assignment?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Uh, No. We were busy most of the time. We were busy most of the time. I mean, once again, it was pretty much and eight-hour day, and when we were done, we had—we were free to do whatever we wanted. It was just, uh, like a normal job, except we worked [inaudible]…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Okay. But there wasn’t a lot of just sit around and wait?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;No, no, no, no.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Okay. How did you stay in touch with your family and friends back home?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Well, at that time, I was—there—there was no such thing as Skype, or, uh, e-mail, and things like that. So it was pretty much by letter. Just by regular letter. Sna—snail mail.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Snail mail.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Uh, do you believe you were well-trained for your assignment?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;As best as they could, considering what they had to deal with [&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Uh, did you always have the equipment and the supplies that you needed…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Yes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;To do your job?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Yes. That—that we had no trouble—we had no trouble with.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;And you mentioned you played softball.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Mmhmm.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;How else did you entertain yourself when you weren’t on duty?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Mm. Well, I’d say drink [&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;]. Um, Just going to different, uh—go to the USO [United Service Organization] over there, and saw stag shows, and had one—one or two beers—four or five.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Was there a USO show that was particularly memorable?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Yes. The Platters. The original Platters were there. And, um, I—I liked them from the beginning, and I was very fortunate to meet ‘em, and, uh, listen—they put on a great show.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Uh huh.Was that in Germany? Or in one of your other assignments?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;No. That was in Germany.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Okay.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;It was in Germany [&lt;em&gt;sniffs&lt;/em&gt;]. But When I—I was in Spain, uh, over one of the New Year’s [Eve]. I was in, uh, Madrid, Spain, and got and to see a flamenco show there. A real, real flamenco show, which was pretty good.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Did you take advantage of any, uh, sightseeing, or…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Oh, yes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Or tours…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Yes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;When you were there?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Yes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Okay. That would be entertaining [inaudible]&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Actually, um, I got married while—while I was overseas.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Uh huh.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;And my wife was in the States. She was a—she was an American. She was German—born German, but, um, I married—I got married. And she was able to come over to Europe and get a job in Germany, while I was gone. Fortunately enough, she, um, uh spoke German. So she was able to get around the economy very nicely while I was gone, because I was gone most of the time.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Uh huh.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;But it was nice to have her over there. And when—when I was back there, we were able to travel around.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Oh, nice.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;We were able to go to Holland,&lt;a title=""&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt; and, uh, visit a lot of Germany. Go around—go around Germany.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;That’s a—that’s very, uh—very nice thing to have happened…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Mmhmm.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;While you’re&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Mmhmm.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Young, and, uh—and not a lot of money…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Right. Exactly.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;You cantravel around on…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Exactly.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Uh, Uncle Sam’s dime.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Mmhmm.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Uh, when were you—tell me about your ranking and how that—and how you…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Well, actually, I became a sergeant.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;You ended up a staff sergeant.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Uh, pardon me?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;You ended up as a staff sergeant. I saw on your…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Yeah. It was a…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Okay. You start off as a—tell me how that works.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Well, you just go in as an airman.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Okay.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Okay. And then, at that time, it was, um, second class, first class, and sergeant.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Okay.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Actually, I think I mis—misstated. Um, I was three stripes, which was considered a sergeant at the time.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Uh huh.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Okay. Four stripes is a staff sergeant, so…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Okay.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;I made three. If I had reenlisted, I probably would have gotten a fourth stripe.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Okay. Alright. So you ended up as a sergeant?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Right.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Okay. And, um, when were you discharged from the military?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;August of 1970. When I rotated back from the States, I, uh, was stationed in, uh, Shaw Air Force Base in Sumter, South Carolina, which was about 7-8 months. So I lived in South Carolina, outside of Columbia.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;And how long were you there?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;I think it was 7-8 months. Something like that.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Seven—okay. Um, how did you feel once you were out of the military?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Relieved. Um, Glad I did what I did. Uh, kind of—Kind of upset as to what was going on, while I was in the military, back home with the individual tour—“pacifists,” I guess you call them—or against the war in Vietnam. I mean, I was not all in favor of what was going on, but, uh, when I did come home on leave at one time, uh, it was not ver— it was not a very good situation. I mean, we were—for all intents and purposes, we were spat at, at the airports, when we walked through. Nobody said, “Thank you for your service.” And, uh, they just didn’t like it. They didn’t like anybody in the military, or anybody in uniform. So that—that kind of part was tough.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Um, Again, I was relieved. But on the other hand, I felt that all of my friends—I was the only one of all my friends back in Rochester. I was the only one to go into the military, and felt that I was four years behind them in education and—and, um—and just getting on with my life. So, you know, it—both sides. I felt good with serving, but on the other hand, I felt that I lost some time.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Um, once you were out, what did you do?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[&lt;em&gt;sniffs&lt;/em&gt;] Another good, interesting situation. Uh, when I got out of the service, my wife became pregnant [&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;]. And, uh, it was probably from the week I got discharged [&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Uh huh.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;She—she got pregnant. In which case, if she got pregnant while we were in the military, the government would have paid for it. If she had given birth while I was in, the military would have paid for it.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;But I, uh—when I got out of the service, my main goal was to get back to school. I wanted to get my degree in accounting and—and go on from there. But a little s—s—little turn of events when your wife becomes pregnant. Going to day school is pretty difficult. So I took a job. um, and again, I got out in August, and, uh, school was going to start in September, but I was gonna take—go to night school, okay? And—and get a job during the day. But until that time started, I went to work at McDonald’s, uh, slinging hamburgers. See, eh, eh, my memory’s coming back. I was going to go to day school.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Uh huh.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;So I wasn’t going to enroll until September, but I needed some—to get some income coming in, uh, for my wife and that. So I went to work at McDonald’s slinging hamburgers, which was not a great experience. Because here’s an older gentleman, who’s, uh, slinging hamburgers with a bunch of teenagers, and looking at me, thinking, &lt;em&gt;Boy, he must be a real loser if he’s doing this&lt;/em&gt;, not knowing the situation. But I got the job in telling ‘em that I was going to—I wanted to go to school training to become a manager at McDonald’s. This is how I got the job. And, uh, the owner of the place said, “Okay.” He said, “But you—but in order to do that, you have to learn all the different areas of—of McDonald’s.” French fries, working on the grill, the clean-up, the whole bit. . I said, “Okay.” Well, that lasted about a week—week and a half—and I just couldn’t handle it anymore. I would come home smelling terrible from all the fat that was in the French fries. So that lasted maybe a week—week and a half.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;But we managed. Um, and I did start going to school, but things got to a point where I just needed to get money. So I went—I was going back to night school. I went to night school, and got a job. Uh, at that time, [&lt;em&gt;sniffs&lt;/em&gt;] I was working, I believe, at one of the local manufacturing companies in their finance department. I was working in their cost accounting department. Even though I didn’t have a degree, they—they put me on as—in a lower level type of position. But it was bringing in income, and I—I was able to go to school at night.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;And where was this, Larry?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Rochester Institute of Technology.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Oh, you were back in…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Yeah.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Back in New York&lt;strong&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;I was back in Rochester. I went back to New York.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Okay. Were you—were there any G.I.&lt;a title=""&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt; benefits&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Yes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;That you were able to take advantage of?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Yes. Absolutely. I was on the G.I. Bill.&lt;a title=""&gt;[3]&lt;/a&gt; Helped me pay for my schooling. Yes. Definitely.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Okay. And so you’re working in the daytime and…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Mmhmm.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;And going to school at night.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Right.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Okay.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Mmhmm.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;And, uh, we talked about how you were treated…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;[&lt;em&gt;background noise&lt;/em&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;When you came home, and that, um, there was, um, uh, disrespect…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Mmhmm.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Dor you as a soldier. Now…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Right.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Was that set across the board every time you came home on leave? Or, uh, did you notice that when you would go to New York? Or when you would go—when you came back to South Carolina? Was there a difference in the way the local people treated you?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Not really. No. Not that I can remember. It was just an area that they didn’t go out of their way to—to do anything. More like they were trying to ignore us, then, um—like we were the—the plague.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Mmhmm.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Okay. And just no—no respect. No respect for anyone. And that’s what makes me feel so good now is that you’re seeing these, uh, individuals in the military, and people are giving them respect and thanking them for their service. So that’s one of the areas where I—I felt cheated out of also—is not getting the respect and that, because it was four years of my life, and that’s a long time.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;It is a long time, especially at that age.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Right. Exactly.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Uh, did your military experience affect your civilian life in any way?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;I became more appreciative of life. Um, More appreciative of the things that I—that I was able to get, uh, of—of my family at the time. Because being away from them most of the—now fortunately, like I said, my wife was able to come with—to come with me over to Europe, but, uh, I missed my brothers and my—and my father. My mother had passed away prior to that, so, uh—but, yeah. Uh, a lot of things, uh—a lot of things that I was more appreciative of, at the time.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Do you think that you were more serious in your education than you would have been as a 20…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Most definitely. Most definitely. That’s a very good point. I looked at my education totally different. Uh, more—I—I was more involved with history. Um, I—I didn’t feel at the time—you see, there was a lot—a lot difference in going to school and being, pretty much, made to go to school, or that—that was the norm. You—you went to high school. You finished high school. You went to college and then you went on from there.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;And because of the interruption, I looked at it from a different stand point that, you know, this is an opportunity. This is a great opportunity, and, uh, the government is helping me with this opportunity, through the G.I. Bill. I’m going to take full advantage of it. So I took full courses. And if anybody knows about Rochester, New York, and going to school at night in Rochester, New York, in the middle of winter is not easy. Okay. It was cold. It was freezing. It was snowing. But, uh, I had a family to support, and I wanted to be able to get my education, so Luckily, I was able to complete it.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Okay. Looking back on it all, can you describe about how you feel about your service? You said that you were glad you did it…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Mmhmm. Mmhmm.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;And anything else you want to add to that?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;No. Other—other than the fact that, um, I personally think that it makes a—a person better going into the military. And I for one, feel that it should be mandatory, because there’s a lot of kids that are going to—to education and that, because they don’t know what else to do.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;And so you feel it…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Okay. And I think when they say it—when they say…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Gives them time to mature and…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;I’m sorry. What’s that?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;It gives them time to mature…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Absolutely.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;And to learn…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Absolutely.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;A little about the world and…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;And to grow up…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;And to grow up.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;And to grow up…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;And to learn some discipline [&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Yes. That’s the other area. That’s the other area. Like I said, so many don’t know what they want to do with themselves, and they end up in the military. Although they didn’t give me the opportunity to go in the direction that I wanted to. It certainly opened up my eyes to a lot of things. And one is independence. You know, being independent, being able to do things on your own, uh, washing your own clothes, making your own bed, uh, choosing the right things to do.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Did you become more adept to working with your hands?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;I wish I could say yes [&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;] Some things you just can’t learn.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Some things that you—you have a difficult time doing. That’s correct. Um, I think I’m a little better with a hammer and nails now than I was. I wouldn’t go as far as work with any kind of sheet metal or anything, because I’m sure I would cut my fingers up in shreds, but Yeah. I think I’m a little bit better. I can—I can…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Well, Larry, I thank you for your service. And I thank you for this—for you doing this…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Well, it was a pleasure.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;With us.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Very enjoyable. Very enjoyable.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Young&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;And, uh, I enjoyed talking with you about it.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Levine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Mmhmm. Thank you. Thank you.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a title=""&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt; Formally called The Netherlands.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a title=""&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt; Government Issue or General Issue.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a title=""&gt;[3]&lt;/a&gt; Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://stars.library.ucf.edu/veteransoralhistories/259/" target="_blank"&gt;Levine, Lawrence Paul&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="http://www.lonesailorfl.com/" target="_blank"&gt;Lone Sailor Navy Memorial History Project&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="http://digitalcollections.net.ucf.edu/cdm/landingpage/collection/VET" target="_blank"&gt;UCF Community Veterans History Project&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/24" target="_blank"&gt;UCF Community Veterans History Project Collection&lt;/a&gt;, RICHES of Central Florida.</text>
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                  <text>eng</text>
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                  <text>Collection</text>
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              <name>Coverage</name>
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                  <text>Naval Training Center, Orlando, Florida</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="http://www.lonesailorfl.com/" target="_blank"&gt;Lone Sailor Navy Memorial History Project&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="http://digitalcollections.net.ucf.edu/cdm/landingpage/collection/VET" target="_blank"&gt;UCF Community Veterans History Project&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <name>Curator</name>
              <description/>
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                  <text>Cepero, Laura</text>
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              <name>Digital Collection</name>
              <description/>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="511781">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES MI&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <name>External Reference</name>
              <description/>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="511782">
                  <text>"&lt;a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/veterans/" target="_blank"&gt;About the Project&lt;/a&gt;." UCF Community Veterans History Project, RICHES of Central Florida, University of Central Florida. http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/veterans/.</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="511783">
                  <text>"&lt;a href="http://cfnavyleague.org/lone-sailor/" target="_blank"&gt;The History&lt;/a&gt;." Lone Sailor Navy Memorial History Project. http://cfnavyleague.org/lone-sailor/</text>
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                  <text>"&lt;a href="http://rtcorlando.homestead.com/" target="_blank"&gt;The History&lt;/a&gt;." RTC Orlando. http://rtcorlando.homestead.com/.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="http://www.lonesailorfl.com/" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;A Guide to Historic Orlando&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2006.</text>
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      <name>Oral History</name>
      <description>A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge.</description>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="529336">
                <text>Oral History of Connie Reuter</text>
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            <name>Alternative Title</name>
            <description/>
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              <elementText elementTextId="529337">
                <text>Oral History, Reuter</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description/>
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                <text> Veterans--Florida</text>
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                <text> Navy</text>
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                <text> Orlando (Fla.)</text>
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                <text>An oral history interview of Martha Reuter (b. 1964), who is nicknamed Connie. Reuter was born in Abingdon, Virginia, on March 20, 1964. She enlisted in the U.S. Navy (USN) on May 7, 1984, and completed her service on April 1, 1988. Reuter re-enlisted just six months later in the U.S. Naval Reserve (USNR) and was discharged on October 31, 2005. Reuter attended Naval Training Center Orlando (NTC Orlando). She later served at Naval Air Station Corpus Christi in Corpus Christi, Texas, and Naval Air Station Ingleside in Ingleside, Texas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This oral history interview was conducted by Leanne Wiggins on March 6, 2014. Interview topics include Reuter's background, enlistment, naval training, attending boot camp at NTC Orlando, serving was a woman in the Navy, graduation from boot camp, Liberty Call, the USS &lt;em&gt;Blue Jacket&lt;/em&gt;, the Grinder, serving as a photographer's mater, the Naval Reserve, and the Lone Sailor Memorial Project.</text>
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                <text>0:00:00 Introduction&lt;br /&gt;0:00:35 Background&lt;br /&gt;0:02:12 Enlistment&lt;br /&gt;0:04:12 Boot camp at Naval Training Center Orlando&lt;br /&gt;0:08:49 Training as a woman in the Navy&lt;br /&gt;0:11:15 Responsibilities and social interactions at boot camp&lt;br /&gt;0:15:09 Training&lt;br /&gt;0:17:19 Proudest and memorable moments&lt;br /&gt;0:19:54 USS &lt;em&gt;Blue Jacket&lt;/em&gt; and the Grinder&lt;br /&gt;0:22:48 Chapel and chow hall&lt;br /&gt;0:24:12 Graduation and Navy memorabilia&lt;br /&gt;0:26:56 Serving as a photographer's mate&lt;br /&gt;0:32:04 Naval Reserve&lt;br /&gt;0:34:44 Values learned from the Navy&lt;br /&gt;0:36:59 Lone Sailor Memorial Project&lt;br /&gt;0:41:49 Closing remarks</text>
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            <name>Abstract</name>
            <description/>
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                <text>Oral history interview of Martha Reuter. Interview conducted by Leanne Wiggins at the University of Central Florida in Orlando, Florida.</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Moving Image</text>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="529349">
                <text>&lt;a href="http://stars.library.ucf.edu/veteransoralhistories/223/" target="_blank"&gt;Reuter, Martha&lt;/a&gt;. Interviewed by Leanne Wiggins. Audio/video record available. &lt;a href="http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/VET/id/294/rec/1" target="_blank"&gt;Item DP0014908&lt;/a&gt;, UCF Community Veterans History Project, RICHES of Central Florida, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.</text>
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            <name>Requires</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="529350">
                <text>&lt;a href="http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer/" target="_blank"&gt;Adobe Flash Player&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://java.com/en/download/index.jsp" target="_blank"&gt;Java&lt;/a&gt;.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="529351">
                <text>&lt;a href="http://java.com/en/download/index.jsp" target="_blank"&gt;Java&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="630243">
                <text>&lt;a href="https://get.adobe.com/reader/" target="_blank"&gt;Adobe Acrobat Reader&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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            <name>Is Part Of</name>
            <description/>
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              <elementText elementTextId="529352">
                <text>&lt;a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/veterans/" target="_blank"&gt;UCF Community Veterans History Project&lt;/a&gt;, Orlando, Florida.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="529353">
                <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/109" target="_blank"&gt;Lone Sailor Navy Memorial History Project Collection&lt;/a&gt;, UCF Community Veterans History Project Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.</text>
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            <name>Has Format</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="529354">
                <text>Digital transcript of original 43-minute and 30-second oral history: &lt;a href="http://stars.library.ucf.edu/veteransoralhistories/223/" target="_blank"&gt;Reuter, Martha&lt;/a&gt;. Interviewed by Leanne Wiggins. Audio/video record available. &lt;a href="http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/VET/id/294/rec/1" target="_blank"&gt;Item DP0014908&lt;/a&gt;, UCF Community Veterans History Project, RICHES of Central Florida, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.</text>
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            <name>Conforms To</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="529355">
                <text>Standards established by the &lt;a href="http://www.loc.gov/vets/" target="_blank"&gt;Veterans History Projects&lt;/a&gt;, Library of Congress.</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="529356">
                <text>Naval Training Center Orlando, Orlando, Florida</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="529357">
                <text> Naval Air Station Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, Texas</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="529358">
                <text> Naval Station Ingelside, Ingelside, Texas</text>
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                <text> World Trade Center, New York City, New York</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="529360">
                <text>Reuter, Connie</text>
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                <text> Wiggins, Leanne</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="529362">
                <text>&lt;a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES of Central Florida&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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          <element elementId="90">
            <name>Date Created</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="529363">
                <text>2014-03-06</text>
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          <element elementId="94">
            <name>Date Issued</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="529364">
                <text>2014-09</text>
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          <element elementId="92">
            <name>Date Copyrighted</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="529365">
                <text>2014-03-06</text>
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                <text> application/pdf</text>
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            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="529368">
                <text>373 MB</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="529369">
                <text>172 MB</text>
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          <element elementId="113">
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                <text>43-minute and 30-second DVD audio/video recording</text>
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                <text> 14-page digital transcript</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="529372">
                <text>eng</text>
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          <element elementId="122">
            <name>Mediator</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>History Teacher</text>
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                <text> Civics/Government Teacher</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="529375">
                <text> Geography Teacher</text>
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            <name>Provenance</name>
            <description/>
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              <elementText elementTextId="529376">
                <text>Originally created by Leanne Wiggins and Connie Reuter and published by &lt;a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES of Central Florida&lt;/a&gt;.</text>
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            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="529377">
                <text>&lt;a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES of Central Florida&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Contributing Project</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="529379">
                <text>&lt;a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/veterans/" target="_blank"&gt;UCF Community Veterans History Project&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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          <element elementId="133">
            <name>Curator</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Cepero, Laura</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="529381">
                <text>&lt;a href="http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/landingpage/collection/VET" target="_blank"&gt;UCF Community Veterans History Project&lt;/a&gt;, UCF Digital Collections, University of Central Florida</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="529382">
                <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES MI&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES of Central Florida&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>"&lt;a href="http://cfnavyleague.org/lone-sailor/lone-sailor-history/" target="_blank"&gt;The History&lt;/a&gt;." Lone Sailor Navy Memorial History Project. http://cfnavyleague.org/lone-sailor/lone-sailor-history/.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="529385">
                <text>"&lt;a href="http://rtcorlando.homestead.com/" target="_blank"&gt;The History&lt;/a&gt;." RTC Orlando. http://rtcorlando.homestead.com/.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="529386">
                <text>&lt;a href="http://www.lonesailorfl.com/" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;A Guide to Historic Orlando&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2006.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://stars.library.ucf.edu/veteransoralhistories/223/" target="_blank"&gt;Reuter, Martha&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Wiggins&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Today’s date is Thursday, March 6&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt;, 2014. I am interviewing Martha “Connie” Reuter, who served in the United States Navy. She served on active duty between May 1984 and April 1988, and as a [Naval] Reserve between October 1988 and October 2005. My name is Leanne Wiggins. I am interviewing Ms. Reuter as part of the UCF Community Veterans History Project and as research for the creation of the Lone Sailor Memorial Project. We are recording this interview at the University of Central Florida in Orlando, Florida. Ms. Reuter, will you please start us off by telling us when and where you were born?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reuter&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;I was born in Abingdon, Virginia. March 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt;, 1964.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Wiggins&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;And what did your parents do for a living?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reuter&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Um, my mom was a stay-at-home mom, and, um, my dad was a, um, pastor—Lutheran minister.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Wiggins&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;And do you have any brothers or sisters?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reuter&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;And, uh, one older brother.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Wiggins&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Growing up, where did you go to school?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reuter&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Um, we moved, uh, a couple of times during my childhood. Um, started out, uh, around Shenandoah, Virginia. Moved to Martinsville, Virginia. I spent most of my, uh, ah, years in, uh, Martinsville, and then, um, moved to, uh, Newton, North Carolina, for, uh, my junior and senior year of high school.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Wiggins&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;And what did you do before entering the Navy?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reuter&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Uh, I was, uh, uh, trying to figure out what I was going to do with my life [&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;]. So I was working, um, at a Hardee’s. I had gone to school for retail merchandising. Um, decided, uh, not to go that route. Was trying to figure out what to do, and, uh, one of my friends came through and said “Connie, let’s join the Navy.” And we were going to go in on the [Navy] Buddy [Enlistment] Program. And, uh, I went to a recruiter about three times. The fourth time I said, uh, “If I’m going to go, I’m going to go now.” and, uh, I signed on the Delayed Entry Program in February, and I left for boot camp in May. My friend did not go [&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;]. So it was just me.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Wiggins&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;So why did you choose the Navy, as opposed to other branches of the military?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reuter&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;As, uh—basically, I had no clue. I just, uh—like I said, when she came through and said, “I got a[sic] idea. Let’s join the Navy,”—’cause her boyfriend had joined, and, um—uh, was like, “Great.”&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I have, uh—some of my relatives, um, are—have also been in the military. My cousin, who was in the Air Force, my uncle, uh, in the Army, and then my grandfather was in the Army. But it wasn’t, uh—I didn’t live near any big military bases, so I really didn’t—didn’t know. So I said—when she decided—when she said, “Let’s join the Navy,” I— Alright.” [&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Wiggins&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;How did, uh, your family members feel about you joining the Navy?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reuter&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Uh, I think they were—they were definitely, uh, proud. Um, shocked, because I did all that and, uh, going to the recruiter and everything, um, without telling them [&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;]. So, um, after I had already join[sic], came home and told them.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Wiggins&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;So where did you attend boot camp?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reuter&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Uh, eh, Orlando, Florida.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Wiggins&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;And were you trained to do—what were you trained to do for your career in the Navy?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reuter&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Uh, while I was [inaudible] —I came in non-designated, so I didn’t decide ahead of time what career I wanted to do in the Navy. So I, uh—after, uh, boot camp, I went to Airman Apprenticeship Training School. And, um, from there got my, um, first duty station, talked to the Navy career counselor, and decided from there.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Wiggins&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;When did you begin your training at NTC [Naval Training Center] Orlando?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reuter&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Um, May 7&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt;, 1984.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Wiggins&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Before coming to NTC Orlando, what did you know about the region, militarily or otherwise?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reuter&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Nothing, uh, military-wise. And, of course, for Orlando, all you basically hear about is, uh, Walt Disney World. I had, a, uh—a [sic] uncle and cousins, who lived here. And so we had come down, um, once to visit them, and we went to Walt Disney World when I was a kid. And, um, so that’s all I knew. I had no idea about the military.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Wiggins&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;How long were you at NTC Orlando?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reuter&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Uh, I did the, uh, eight weeks of boot camp. And then, I believe Airman Apprenticeship Training was an additional four weeks. And, um, so then I left, all total, ‘round September.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Wiggins&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;When you first arrived, what was your first impression of the base or the area?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reuter&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Uh, well, when I first arrived, it was at night. Um, I was 20 years old, and that was my, uh, first time being on a commercial airplane. So, um, the MEPs [Military Entrance Processing] station was in Charlotte, North Carolina. So I flew from Charlotte to Orlando, as my first time on a commercial airplane. And, uh, it was at night. Uh, don’t remember much [&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;], okay?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Uh, I know we had a bus, came right to the base, um, uh, everybody—when I came into the barracks, most of everybody was in their bunks already going to sleep. Um, I remember getting in my bunk, and then, uh, realizing I had to go to the bathroom. Scared to ask if I could get up and go to the bathroom, But I did, [&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;] and, uh—um, so then, I went back to sleep and woke up the next morning and that’s when it all began.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Wiggins&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;So what were your first days of service like?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reuter&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Pretty, um, uh, regimented—routine. Start dinner routine, start, uh, issuing, um, uniforms. uh, even though I had, uh, cut my hair short before I came to Orlando for boot camp, um, because I thought that, uh, you know, &lt;em&gt;If I’m going to have my hair short, I want to be able to kind of, you know&lt;/em&gt;—&lt;em&gt;well, do it myself&lt;/em&gt;. [&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;] Well, it didn’t matter. You still went to the barbershop. They still cut some more off, even though it was already short. So I had, uh, um, short hair for the first time in my life [&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;]. And, um, uh, like I said, everything was pretty much, uh, just routine. You did as you were told. You stood where they told you to stand, listen to instructions, and everything. And if you listened well, you got along great.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Wiggins&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;So what was it like to be a woman at NTC Orlando?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reuter&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Uh, it—it really didn’t, uh, bother me at all being a woman at NTC Orlando. Um, I didn’t have any problems at boot camp. Um, I know some of my bunkmates, uh, uh, did. Um, and it wasn’t necessarily—I don’t think—because of a woman. It’s just a—a different—it’s an adjustment.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Um, but, uh, uh, we—the boys were still around. Uh, we had—went to classes with them. Um, saw them in the—at chow halls. All that. But we didn’t march with them, didn’t have them in the barracks, uh, and on—or anything. But, um, I remember we called them “trees.” and you were not allowed to look at the “trees” or anything.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;But, um, one of the best pieces of advice that I got before I left for boot camp, was my friend’s boyfriend, who was in the Navy already. He said “When they first ask you to raise your hand—to be on either the color guard, drill team, flag guard—raise your hand.” So I was like, “Okay.” So as soon as my company commanders, you know, asked that question, I raised my hand and they picked me and it was the best advice I had ever gotten. Uh, I had a really good time being on the drill team. Uh, you were on the drill team with the boys, so therefore you could talk to them [&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;] and meet them. Um, uh, I got out of a lot of other inspections, a lot of the PT [physical training], um, all that, because we had to go to drill practice. And so again, that was the best advice I could have ever gotten.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Wiggins&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;So besides your responsibilities with the drill team, what were—did you have any other primary responsibilities?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reuter&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;No. That was it in boot camp. just, uh, keep everything in shipshape, um, make up your bunk correctly, have your clothes folded correctly, um, clean the barracks some, uh, go to classes, and, uh, that was about it.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Wiggins&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;So what was your overall impression of the recruits and their training during your time at the base?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reuter&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;I felt it was very good. Um, uh, as—I felt comfortable. Um, I felt like I could trust them. Um, I said I didn’t have any problems. Um, when they yelled—you know, the company commanders yelled or—or whatever, but, you know, it didn’t bother me. I just let it roll—roll off my back. You know, do what they say. That’s it. Um, it, uh, definitely taught me a lot. Um, for, uh—everybody should go through it [&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Wiggins&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;So who did you interact with on a daily basis?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reuter&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;It was mainly my, um—the bunkmates that were closest to me. So, um, I was in the lower bunk, so, uh, my shipmate, who was in the top bunk, uh, we became very good friends. And the shipmate pretty much right next to me, we became really good friends. And, um, uh, other than that there was, uh, one of—one of my, um, boot camp, uh, ladies that were[sic]—that was in my company, she got stationed at the same place I did for the first duty station. So, uh, when I went to my first duty station, I already knew one person. So that was great. Um, and then a couple years later, while I was there, uh, one of, um—another girl that I was in, uh—I was in boot camp with, got stationed there, and so we became really good friends after that.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Wiggins&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Who were your instructors, and what were they like?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reuter&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;We had, uh, the company commanders, um, was[sic] Hines[sp] and Merritt[sp] —um, Petty Officer Hines and Petty Officer Merritt. Um, of course, I do not know their first name, [&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;], because you don’t have first names in boot camp. Uh, everything is by your last name. But, um, again, like I said, when they—they would, you know, yell if they had to.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Um, I remember one time, you know, they asked you about what a gig line is, and I had no idea. And, um, you know, they would go around and ask everybody, and none of us knew, but we learned awfully quick[sic] what a gig line was. And [&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;] that’s something you’ll never forget.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Wiggins&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;What was a gig line?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reuter&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;That is the line on your shirt that overlaps, it lines up with your belt buckle all the way down. That’s the gig line.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Wiggins&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;What was the hardest thing that you remember doing at NTC?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reuter&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[&lt;em&gt;sigh&lt;/em&gt;] Oh, gosh. Um, I don’t know about the hardest. There was, uh, a couple—uh, we did go in the gas chamber, and, uh, so it was kind of scary. Um, and, uh, you know, you all go in as a group. They tell you to take your mask off. You start feeling the, uh, um, burn. And, uh, uh, [&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;] I remember one of our girls in the company, way in the back, was like “Help!” And she had such a high pitched voice and everybody started laughing. And, um, so then, um, they—by that time, they finally—they opened the door and you all came out. But, um, you experience that.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You experienced, um, putting out a fire and, uh, putting out a fire on a ship with a big hose and working together as a team. Um, you experienced, uh, swimming, and how to survive in swimming and using your clothes as floatation devices.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Um, that’s the first time I’d ever shot a gun, uh, I think it was a, uh, .45 [caliber handgun]. And, um—so that was an experience. Um, so I can’t really say anything was really hard. I was already fairly physically fit before I went in. um, and I could—I listened well and took instructions well.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Wiggins&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;What was a moment that you felt the most proud?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reuter&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Oh, gosh. Um, graduation [&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Wiggins&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;What was graduation like?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reuter&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Um, uh, my parents had come down, and, um, my uncle had come over. And, uh, uh, it was a good time. And we went also went on a Liberty Call. And, um, I went with my parents, and—and, uh, couple of my, um, uh, friends from boot camp. I went to SeaWorld [Orlando], and, uh—yeah.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Wiggins&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Can you tell me a story of a time at NTC Orlando that you’ll never forget?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reuter&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;] Oh, let’s see. There’s several. Um, oh [&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;], I’ll never forget—um, after boot camp, I was at a—I went to, uh, Airman Apprenticeship Training School, which was, uh, another additional four weeks. And during that time, we could have, uh, Liberty Call at around 16:00 to 16:30— somewhere around there. Never failed. Orlando, during that time frame, would, uh—there would always be a huge thunderstorm downpour, uh, right at Liberty Call. So right when you were getting ready to go out on the [&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;] town or whatever, um, and have a little bit of your own time, they would have to cancel Liberty Call. And it would only last about an hour, and then Liberty was open. So it [&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;] —never failed. And still to this day [&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;] [&lt;em&gt;sniffs&lt;/em&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Wiggins&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;How would you describe the USS &lt;em&gt;Blue Jacket&lt;/em&gt; and its function?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reuter&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Um, I think, uh, back then, it was, uh, a very good replica of a Navy ship. And, uh, I said that is where we went to learn how to, uh, fight a fire on a ship, to work as a team. um, and, uh, even though, during my Navy career [&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;], uh, I never went out to sea—I was on the land on shore—but, uh, I’m sure, uh, it was—it was a good replica for the real thing.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Wiggins&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;What was the official purpose of the Grinder, and what was its significance to you and the recruits?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reuter&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;The Grinder was, uh, where you marched and you marched [&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;]. And, uh, you also did the PT out there. Uh, the Grinder was a large, um—uh, what was it? Concrete or asphalt area. Um, big rectangle that you just marched up and down. And, uh, so you learned how to march in a straight line, you learned how to, uh, take the corners while you’re marching, and, um, you spend a lot of time out on the Grinder [&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Wiggins&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;What other trainings went on at the base?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reuter&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Um, well, again, as I said, I went to Airman Apprenticeship Training School, and, um—but there were also, um, Nuclear Power School out there, and—um, which of course, while you’re in boot camp, you don’t know that anything else is going on around you, except for your little area. But, um, uh, during Airman Apprenticeship Training School, you could, uh, get to know a little bit more of the base. And, uh, you could go to the, uh—also during boot camp and afterwards, go to the chapel on Sundays, and—and, uh, so you get to learn a little bit more.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Wiggins&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Were there any other areas on base that were of particular importance to you?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reuter&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Um, besides the chapel? It was, uh, the chapel [&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;]. And, um, another thing I will also never forget is: when you march up, getting ready to go into the chow hall, there is, um, uh, a recruit up there who has this big spiel about, uh, “You have 20 minutes, and 20 minutes only to eat your fine Navy chow.” and, uh, I know that there’s more, but, uh, [&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;] that’s the line that I remember. And, uh, you just went into the chow hall, got your food, ate. There were always huge, um, bottles of peanut butter on the tables, because peanut butter, uh, was more sustaining, and to—to help you keep full, if you needed to or whatever. But, uh, uh, you would always put peanut butter on, on the, uh, uh, chocolate bars, the ice cream, or make peanut butter sandwiches, or something, but there was always a huge jar of peanut butter.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Wiggins&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[&lt;em&gt;sniffs&lt;/em&gt;] So what did it feel like to graduate and finally put that hat on?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reuter&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;[&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;] This was, uh, um, my cover that I got from, uh, boot camp. This was issued to me during boot camp. Uh, one of the, uh, things that I realize now is that, uh, we, back then, wrote our full Social Security [Insurance] number in, uh—in our, some of our gear. Uh, so I still have [&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;] my full Social Security number, uh, written in here. But, uh, it definitely has all of the stains from, uh, many years of—of wear.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Um, I was also issued, uh, “birth control glasses.”&lt;a title=""&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt; So I still have my “birth control glasses,” that, uh—and you could not wear contacts. You had to wear these “birth control glasses” during boot camp, and after, um, boot camp, during Apprenticeship Training School, then I could, uh, wear my contacts. But, uh, these were lovely [&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;], But hey. Everybody that needed glasses had them. Uh, we all, for the most part, looked the same.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This is, uh, still my, uh, uh, tie that was issued in boot camp. I still have, uh, my initials, um, engraved—or, uh, inked on there. That was another one of the things that as soon as you were issued your gear, you all, uh, went in a line and, uh, with the stencil, and then, uh, stenciled all your gear. So, uh, this was the first time that I was issued.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;And, um, this was, uh, the picture of my mom and dad at, uh, graduation. And this was just a picture that they took of me in, uh, front of the sign. And then this was just my, uh, first, uh, photograph.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Wiggins&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Did you want to share anything else of the memor—memorabilia you brought?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reuter&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Um, well, later on, uh, when, I got to my first duty station, and finally decided what I wanted to be in the Navy, that is when I decided to, uh, uh, be a Photographer’s Mate. And, uh—so I went and, um, during that time, the Photographer’s Mate rating was open, meaning that they needed people to be photographers in the Navy, so I was like, “I can take pictures.” So I decided to [&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;] —to go that route.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;And, um, this is my, um, rating badge. Uh, that is, uh, no longer, uh, used in the Navy. This, uh, was, uh, the Photographer’s Mate rating badge, it’s an IFKA[?]. And the wings represent, uh, that we were—that it was the air-dealt rating. So um, now the Navy has combined three ratings into one. So, uh. Now there are no more Photographer’s Mates. They have a new rating.&lt;a title=""&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Wiggins&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;So tell me a bit more about your experience as a Photographer’s Mate.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reuter&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Again, that was, uh, very, um, thrilling, and, a lot of fun. You were up front, uh, of everything, because you had to get the picture. And, um, you also got to tell, uh, some of the officers, uh, what to do, where to stand, and, uh, you know, what to do. So that was always fun [&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;]. And, uh, um, there was always some, some—some, uh, great opportunities.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I, uh, had to take pictures of, um, a wheels-up landing. I was stationed in, uh, Corpus Christi, Texas. And, um, a [Beechcraft] T-34 [Mentor] was coming in for a landing, and the wheels would not come down. The landing gear would not come down. So, um, we—me and another Photographer Mate went out to shoot, um, pictures of this wheels-up landing to document it. And I was shooting the stills, and he was shooting the video. But, uh, at first, I was nervous and—camera was shaking while I was trying to take the pictures [&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;] but, uh, you know, we had the fire trucks there, and they just came right in on the belly of the plane—skid right in—and, uh, they were fine. Thank goodness.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;But, um, uh, I also went to take pictures of, uh, Naval Station Ingleside[, Texas], which is no longer there already [&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;]. The Navy’s already sold it back to Corpus Christi. But, uh, uh, we took the groundpreak[sic]—groundbreaking pictures of, um, Naval Station Ingleside.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;And, uh, so it’s just, um—it was always cool to be a part of history—document history. Um, uh, document, uh, happy occasions, lots of, uh, changes of command ceremonies, lots of promotion ceremonies, retirement ceremonies.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Um, and uh, document some not-so-good things. You also were on duty, um, and when it was your duty day, and you got called, I had, um, three different suicide attempts. So you had to go and document, um, the scene and what had happened. And, uh, one guy had tried to slit his wrist, so you’re documenting all the blood and all that. And, uh, um, another person had jumped out a second story window. Um, so you have to go, you know, just document. And, uh, so, you never knew what was going to happen. What you were going to be called to do. So it was—it was exciting.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Wiggins&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Do you recall the day that your active service ended?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reuter&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Um, well, I was on active duty for four years. And, um, as I said, I was stationed in Corpus Christi, Texas, and that was my first duty station. And from there, uh, I had met my future husband, so I decided—we got engaged, and I decided to, um, get out of the Navy, uh, so we could get married.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;And, uh, from there, I stayed in the Reserves. So, um, the remaining of my time, I, uh, did the, you know, uh, weekend-a-month, two weeks a year Reserve drill. Uh, still as a Photographer’s Mate. And, uh, that worked out well, because I was able to do my Reserve duty anywhere that, uh, he was stationed, because he was still active duty Navy.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Wiggins&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;So when you were not doing your Reserve duties, what were you doing otherwise?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reuter&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Well, I was very lucky to be able to, uh—once we had our first child, to stay at home. And, uh, so, uh, the majority of my time was as a stay-at-home mother. Uh, we ended up, uh, with three children, so [&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;], uh—and fairly close together, so that…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;[&lt;em&gt;vacuum cleaner&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;turns on&lt;/em&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reuter&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Kept me busy. But, um, uh, we, uh—I also would do, uh, other different things, uh, besides my Reserve time, to, uh, just stay active as far as, uh, either within their school, being a substitute teacher, going and helping out and volunteering. Um, uh, doing, uh—did the realtor for a couple of years, did pampered chef for a couple of years. So anything that I did, I made sure that my schedule, I could still be home.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Wiggins&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;What values or characteristics of the Navy do you believe made an impression on your life?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reuter&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Hm, um, [&lt;em&gt;sighs&lt;/em&gt;] I think I had, um, a lot of good values, um, already instilled in me from my parents, uh, that the Navy and the military, um, uh, you know, uh, possesses, and that’s, uh, good character, uh, teamwork. There’s the honor, courage, and commitment. Um, uh, I always felt that, uh—I said, “If they were your shipmate, uh, and you were in trouble, they would be there to help.” um, so just—just a little bit more of, of continuing of what my parents had already told me.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Wiggins&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;What was the most valuable lesson that you learned, um, in your time in the Navy?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reuter&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Hm, um, as I said, just be a—be a team player. It’s—it’s not about you. It’s getting the job done, keeping everybody safe, um, keeping the country safe, um, being a team player.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;[&lt;em&gt;vacuum cleaner&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;turns off&lt;/em&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Wiggins&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;How has NTC Orlando base or the Central Florida region changed since the time you originally spent here?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reuter&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Oh, goodness. A lot. Uh, when we—my family and my husband—me and my husband and—and our three kids—um, moved back to Orlando, because, uh, he was being stationed here at NAWCTSD [Naval Air Warfare Center Training System Division], um, I was like, you know, [&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;] “Let’s go see where, uh, NTC Orlando was.” Where was I? Where did I go to boot camp? Uh, I knew that the base had been closed, but—I don’t know. I guess I was expecting to see something, um, and there was really nothing. Nothing there to show that the Navy had been here, as far as a, um, boot camp. And like, you know—like we’ve talked about, with the, um—the Grinder, the—the big replica of the, you know, the &lt;em&gt;Blue Jacket&lt;/em&gt; ship, uh, um, there was nothing. Uh, the chapel [&lt;em&gt;laughs&lt;/em&gt;]—and nothing and so I was very surprised.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;And, uh, I said, I was, um, very pleased to, uh, find a group who was trying to do something about that. And, um, so since that time, I have, uh—me and my husband have volunteered to be on the, uh, committee, to get, uh, something to show where NTC/RTC [Recruit Training Center] was. um, so that people can not only come to take their kids to Disney World or SeaWorld or, um, Universal Studios [Orlando], uh, but if they went to boot camp, they can bring them to an area, uh, that they can show their kids where they were during that time frame. I, um—when I retired, the Lone Sailor [Memorial Project] statue was the, um, one thing that I wanted as a retirement gift, and so I’m very proud.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Wiggins&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;So when they come back to visit the memorial, what do you think Naval personnel would like to see?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reuter&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Um, I think they would like to see, uh, um, pictures of, uh, the way—to—to show the way it used to be—what was really there. Because, you know, now it’s a Baldwin Park community. um, so it’s just really, I feel, interesting to see, um, old pictures of—of when we were there, Um, maybe a little write up of the history, um, and, um, of course, not only a—a male Lone Sailor, but a, hopefully, one day, we get a female Sailor statue there also, to represent, um, the men and women who went to boot camp there.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Wiggins&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;What do you think is the lasting legacy of the NTC Orlando or the Navy to the Central Florida region?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reuter&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Uh, just that it—it, uh—it’s a lot of good people. It, uh, helped a lot of people grow up, and become, uh, great, um, adults—giving adults—back to their communities and country, um, sacrificing what you have to have sacrifice for the good of all.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Wiggins&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Is there anything else that you would like to share about your Navy experience?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reuter&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Um, it was definitely, uh, a good, good experience. Lots of, uh, memories. Lots of opportunities. Lots of opportunities to travel to different places, um, meet different people, uh, lots of—build lots of lasting friendships, um, see and do many different things.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Uh, during one of my two weeks of active duty, I was in New York City for Fleet Week, and during that time was when they, um, brought out the last beam for, uh, the World Trade Center. and I was manning the rails as they brought out the last beam, and I was all the way down—the bottom of World Trade Center—and, uh, at Ground Zero. And, uh, to just be down there and look up—amazing.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Wiggins&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Well, I want to thank you very much for your time and for giving this interview, and for all of the wonderful experiences that you have shared with me.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reuter&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Thank you.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a title=""&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt; G.I. glasses.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a title=""&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt; Mass Communications Specialist.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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                  <text>The Orlando area was originally occupied by the Creek and Seminole tribes. In 1838, Fort Gatlin was erected on the shores of Lake Gatlin, just a few miles south of present-day Downtown Orlando. Centered around Church Street, Orlando became a city in 1884.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Originally a cattle town, Orlando grew into a major citrus growing center by the 1920s. The city continued to grow during the Great Depression with aid from the Work Progress Administration (WPA). During World War II, Orlando became a major military center as well, with the development of the McCoy Air Force Base and Pinecastle Air Force Base, and with the addition of the Naval Training Center (NTC) Orlando in 1968. Downtown Orlando declined in the 1960s and 1970s. Redevelopment began in the 1970s and continued into the 1980s, with projects such as the Church Street Station entertainment complex. In 1998, a building boom began and continued through the 2000s.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/46" target="_blank"&gt;Orange County Collection&lt;/a&gt;, RICHES of Central Florida.</text>
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                  <text>Antequino, Stephanie Gaub, and Tana Mosier Porter. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783150094" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Lost Orlando&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Pub, 2012.</text>
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                  <text>Rajtar, Steve. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70911136" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;A Guide to Historic Orlando&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2006.</text>
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                  <text>"&lt;a href="http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;Downtown Orlando Historic District Walking Tour&lt;/a&gt;." City of Orlando. http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="100">
              <name>Has Format</name>
              <description/>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="510781">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/69" target="_blank"&gt;Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra Collection&lt;/a&gt;, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="510782">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/106" target="_blank"&gt;Orlando Remembered Collection&lt;/a&gt;, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="510783">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/126" target="_blank"&gt;Downtown Orlando Information Center Collection&lt;/a&gt;, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="510784">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/110" target="_blank"&gt;Orlando Public Library Collection&lt;/a&gt;, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="510785">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/111" target="_blank"&gt;Orlando Regions Bank Collection&lt;/a&gt;, Orlando Remembered Collection, Orlando Collection, Orange County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="6">
      <name>Still Image</name>
      <description>A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps.  Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="529641">
                <text>Orlando Masonic Temple Postcard</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="529642">
                <text>A photographic postcard of the Masonic Temple, located on 205 East Central Boulevard in Orlando, Florida. The building was constructed in the 20th Century Commercial style in 1925 and was dedicated on January 13, 1926. The original owner was the Free and Associated Masons of Orlando from 1926 until 1982. The building was purchased in 1982 for $660,000 and underwent extensive modifications, including an additional two stories. The building now serves as professional offices.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The First Unitarian Church of Orlando's Unity Chapel, located at 1 North Rosalind Avenue in Downtown Orlando, Florida, can be seen to the far left of the postcard. On January 8, 1911, a congregation of Universalist Unitarians, lead by Reverend Eleanor Gordon, formed in the home of Caroline Groninger Gore, the second wife of former Mayor Mahlon Gore, which was located at 211 Lucerne Circle. The church was formally organized the following year in the home of Edward McNeill, located at 309 Robinson Street. The congregation held some of its earliest services in the Lucerne Theatre before holding its first service at Unity Chapel on February 16, 1913. Unity Chapel was designed by architects Ida Annah Ryan and Isabel Roberts in the Spanish Colonial Revival-style. The chapel was dedicated on March 16. By 1954, the congregation had outgrown Unity Chapel and moved to a new church located at 1901 East Robinson Street. In 1957, the chapel's last service took place. Sam Murrell constructed a new building, called the Murrell Building, that was designed by Richard Boone Rogers in 1957.</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="90">
            <name>Date Created</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="529643">
                <text>ca. 1925-1957</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="529644">
                <text>Masonic Temple, Downtown Orlando, Florida</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="630258">
                <text>Unity Chapel, Downtown Orlando, Florida</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="529649">
                <text>Original 3 x 5 inch black and white photographic postcard: Private Collection of Joy Wallace Dickinson.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="125">
            <name>Rights Holder</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="529651">
                <text>This resource is provided here by &lt;a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES of Central Florida&lt;/a&gt; for educational purposes only.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="86">
            <name>Alternative Title</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="630244">
                <text>Masonic Temple Postcard</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="630245">
                <text>Orlando (Fla.)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="630246">
                <text>Freemasonry</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="630247">
                <text>Churches--Florida</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="630248">
                <text>Unitarianism--United States</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="92">
            <name>Date Copyrighted</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="630249">
                <text>ca. 1925-1957</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="630250">
                <text>Dickinson, Joy Wallace</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="103">
            <name>Is Format Of</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="630251">
                <text>Digital reproduction of original 3 x 5 inch black and white photographic postcard: Private Collection of Joy Wallace Dickinson.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="104">
            <name>Is Part Of</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="630252">
                <text>Digital reproduction of original 3 x 5 inch black and white photographic postcard: Private Collection of Joy Wallace Dickinson.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="630253">
                <text>image/jpg</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="112">
            <name>Extent</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="630254">
                <text>196 KB</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="113">
            <name>Medium</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="630255">
                <text>1 black and white photographic postcard</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="630256">
                <text>eng</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="630257">
                <text>Still Image</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="117">
            <name>Accrual Method</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="630259">
                <text>Donation</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="133">
            <name>Curator</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="630260">
                <text>Cepero, Laura</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="134">
            <name>Digital Collection</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="630261">
                <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES MI&lt;/a&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="136">
            <name>External Reference</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="630262">
                <text>Rajtar, Steve. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70911136" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;A Guide to Historic Orlando&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2006.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="630263">
                <text>DeWolf-Hurt, Mary Louise. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70911136" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Unitarian Universalism in Florida: A Sketch of Beginnings and Efforts of Beginnings&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. S.l: s.n.], 1995.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="276">
            <name>Transcript</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="630264">
                <text>MASONIC TEMPLE ORLANDO FLA.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="47543">
        <name>20th Century Commercial</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="798">
        <name>Central Boulevard</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="37337">
        <name>chapels</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="5040">
        <name>church</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="28377">
        <name>churches</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2144">
        <name>Downtown Orlando</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2271">
        <name>First Unitarian Church of Orlando</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="940">
        <name>Free and Associated Masons of Orlando</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="12607">
        <name>freemasonry</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="47544">
        <name>freemasosn</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="47539">
        <name>Ida Annah Ryan</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="47540">
        <name>Isabel Roberts</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="47541">
        <name>Joy Wallace Dickinson</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="808">
        <name>Masonic Temple</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="631">
        <name>Masons</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="47542">
        <name>Murrell Building</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="795">
        <name>orlando</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="887">
        <name>Rosalind Avenue</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="7567">
        <name>Spanish Colonial Revival</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="47538">
        <name>Unitarian</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="16932">
        <name>Unitarianism</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="47537">
        <name>Unity Chapel</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
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  <item itemId="4895" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
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        <authentication>6a385a2fdb669aa3a63b5c704e9a084c</authentication>
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      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description/>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="106477">
                  <text>Sanford Collection</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description/>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="106478">
                  <text>The present-day Sanford area was originally inhabited by the Mayaca/Joroco natives by the time Europeans arrived. The tribe was decimated by war and disease by 1760 and was replaced by the Seminole Indians. In 1821, the United States acquired Florida from Spain and Americans began to settled in the state.&#13;
&#13;
Camp Monroe was established in the mid-1830s to defend the area against Seminoles during the Seminole Wars. In 1836, the United States Army built a road (present-day Mellonville Avenue) to a location called "Camp Monroe," during the Second Seminole War. Following an attack on February 8, 1837, the camp was renamed "Fort Mellon," in honor of the battle's only American casualty, Captain Charles Mellon.&#13;
&#13;
The town of Mellonville was founded nearby in 1842 by Daniel Stewart. When Florida became a state three years later, Mellonville became the county seat for Orange County, which was originally a portion of Mosquito County. Citrus was the first cash crop in the area and the first fruit packing plant was constructed in 1869.&#13;
&#13;
In 1870, a lawyer from Connecticut by the name of Henry Shelton Sanford (1832-1891) purchased 12,548 acres of open land west of Mellonville. His vision was to make this new land a major port city, both railway and by water. Sitting on Lake Monroe, and the head of the St. Johns River, the City of Sanford earned the nickname of “The Gate City of South Florida.” Sanford became not only a transportation hub, but a leading citrus industry in Florida, and eventually globally.&#13;
&#13;
The Great Fire of 1887 devastated the city, which also suffered from a statewide epidemic of yellow fever the following year. The citrus industry flourished until the Great Freezes of 1894 and 1895, causing planters to begin growing celery in 1896 as an alternative. Celery replaced citrus as the city's cash crop and Sanford was nicknamed "Celery City." In 1913, Sanford became the county seat of Seminole County, once part of Orange County. Agriculture dominated the region until Walt Disney World opened in October of 1971, effectively shifting the Central Florida economy towards tourism and residential development.</text>
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            </element>
            <element elementId="86">
              <name>Alternative Title</name>
              <description/>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="505401">
                  <text>Sanford Collection</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description/>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="505402">
                  <text>Sanford (Fla.)</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description/>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="505403">
                  <text>&lt;a href="http://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/departments-services/leisure-services/parks-recreation/museum-of-seminole-county-history/" target="_blank"&gt;Museum of Seminole County History&lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="505404">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://www.thehistorycenter.org/" target="_blank"&gt;Orange County Regional History Center&lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="505405">
                  <text>&lt;a href="http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/" target="_blank"&gt;Sanford Historical Society, Inc.&lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="505406">
                  <text>&lt;a href="http://www.sanfordfl.gov/index.aspx?page=108" target="_blank"&gt;Sanford Museum&lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="104">
              <name>Is Part Of</name>
              <description/>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="505407">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/44" target="_blank"&gt;Seminole County Collection&lt;/a&gt;, RICHES of Central Florida.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="44">
              <name>Language</name>
              <description/>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="505408">
                  <text>eng</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="51">
              <name>Type</name>
              <description/>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="505409">
                  <text>Collection</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="38">
              <name>Coverage</name>
              <description/>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="505410">
                  <text>Sanford, Florida</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="133">
              <name>Curator</name>
              <description/>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="505411">
                  <text>Marra, Katherine</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="505412">
                  <text>Cepero, Laura</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="134">
              <name>Digital Collection</name>
              <description/>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="505413">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES MI&lt;/a&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="136">
              <name>External Reference</name>
              <description/>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="505414">
                  <text>Sanford Historical Society (Fla.). &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/53015288" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Sanford&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 2003.</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="505415">
                  <text>"&lt;a href="http://www.sanfordfl.gov/index.aspx?page=48" target="_blank"&gt;Sanford: A Brief History&lt;/a&gt;." City of Sanford. http://www.sanfordfl.gov/index.aspx?page=48.</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="505416">
                  <text>&lt;em&gt;The Seminole Herald&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/52633016" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Sanford: Our First 125 Years&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. [Sanford, FL]: The Herald, 2002.</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="505451">
                  <text>&lt;span&gt;Mills, Jerry W., and F. Blair Reeves. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/11338196" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;A Chronology of the Development of the City of Sanford, Florida: With Major Emphasis on Early Growth&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;, 1975.&lt;/span&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="101">
              <name>Has Part</name>
              <description/>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="510766">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/82" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Celery Soup: Florida’s Folk Life Play&lt;/em&gt; Collection&lt;/a&gt;, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="510767">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/65" target="_blank"&gt;Churches of Sanford Collection&lt;/a&gt;, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="510768">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/131" target="_blank"&gt;Creative Sanford, Inc. Collection&lt;/a&gt;, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="510769">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/41" target="_blank"&gt;Georgetown Collection&lt;/a&gt;, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="510770">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/78" target="_blank"&gt;Marie J. Francis Collection&lt;/a&gt;, Georgetown Collection, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="510771">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/101" target="_blank"&gt;Sanford Avenue Collection&lt;/a&gt;, Georgetown Collection, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="510772">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/79" target="_blank"&gt;Goldsboro Collection&lt;/a&gt;, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="510773">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/116" target="_blank"&gt;Henry L. DeForest Collection&lt;/a&gt;, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="510774">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/12" target="_blank"&gt;Hotel Forrest Lake Collection&lt;/a&gt;, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="510775">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/14" target="_blank"&gt;Ice Houses of Sanford Collection&lt;/a&gt;, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="510776">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/42" target="_blank"&gt;Milane Theatre Collection&lt;/a&gt;, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="510777">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/13" target="_blank"&gt;Naval Air Station Sanford Collection&lt;/a&gt;, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="510778">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/15" target="_blank"&gt;Sanford Baseball Collection&lt;/a&gt;, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="510779">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/61" target="_blank"&gt;Sanford Cigar Collection&lt;/a&gt;, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="510780">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/10" target="_blank"&gt;Sanford Riverfront Collection&lt;/a&gt;, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="555049">
                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/11" target="_blank"&gt;Sanford State Farmers' Market Collection&lt;/a&gt;, Sanford Collection, Seminole County Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.</text>
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                <text>The historic marker for the PICO Hotel, located at 209 North Oak Avenue in Sanford, Florida. The building was constructed in 1887 for Henry B. Plant (1819-1899), President of the Plant Investment Company (PICO). The onion-shaped dome located on the southwest corner of the roof resembled a Turkish minaret. The dome was destroyed by a severe thunderstorm in the 1950s and was never replaced. The PICO Hotel served as the terminal hotel for a railroad and two steamship lines owned by Plant. One of the hotel's famous guests was President Calvin Coolidge (1872-1933), who spent the night at the PICO Hotel during his visit to Sanford.</text>
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                <text>Sammons, Sandra Wallus. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/430839321" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;The Two Henrys: Henry Plant and Henry Flagler and Their Railroads&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. Sarasota, Florida: Pineapple Press, Inc., 2010.</text>
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                <text>Sanford Historical Society, Inc. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/53015288" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Sanford&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. Charleston, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing, 2003.</text>
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                <text>Sanford Historic Preservation Board. "&lt;a href="http://sanfordhistory.tripod.com/Links/wtour.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;Pico Hotel, Restaurant, and Stores - 1887&lt;/a&gt;." City of Sanford, Florida. 2009.</text>
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                <text>Donaldson, Mary B., Charles Hammack, and Lenore Hammack, eds. 1999. &lt;a href="http://www.reocities.com/yosemite/rapids/8428/hikeplans/sanford/plansanford.html" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Memories of Historic Sanford: Past and Present&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. Sanford FL: Sanford Historic Trust.</text>
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                <text>THE&#13;
PICO HOTEL, RESTAURANT, AND STORES&#13;
&#13;
ERECTED - 1887&#13;
&#13;
209 NORTH OAK AVENUE&#13;
200 NORTH PARK AVENUE&#13;
&#13;
Built as a hotel in 1887 for Henry B. Plant, President of the Plant Investment Co. (PICO), the PICO Building served as a terminal hotel for the railroads and two river steamers owned by Plant that served Sanford. The architect was W.T. Cotter of Sanford and the builder was the H.M. Papworth Construction Company. It resembled another of Plant's hotels, the Tampa Bay Hotel.&#13;
&#13;
The architectural style is Turkish. It was built of brick to look like a Turkish palace or mosque. The windows have horseshoe and ogee arches. A decorative bartizan tower still remains, but it's[sic] original onion shaped dome has been removed. The floor plan is rectangular with a hipped roof and a facade parapet.&#13;
&#13;
Immediately adjacent to and east on Commercial Street and fronting on Park Avenue is the PICO Restaurant and Stores building, also constructed in 1887. It is a plain brick and stucco stricture whose purpose was to support to the hotel. The restaurant and stores were on the ground floor. The second floors had rooms available and functioned as a part of the hotel.&#13;
&#13;
LISTED IN THE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES - 1976</text>
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S-62-6640&#13;
&#13;
Yeah, Wally, you owe me $2.15&#13;
&#13;
Cal, I'll win the toss next time - your coin!&#13;
Wally</text>
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                <text>High-profile projects, such as Project Mercury, typically get a great deal of attention from Presidential Administrations. This presidential visit occurred on September 11, 1962, a month before the fifth Mercury flight. President John F. Kennedy (1917-1963) toured Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14 (LC-14) the day before he travelled to Houston, Texas, and addressed an audience at Rice University to proclaim that "we choose to go to the Moon in this decade and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard," thus beginning the American space program's effort to put humans on the Moon.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://virtualheritage.ist.ucf.edu/cchp/" target="_blank"&gt;Florida Space Coast History Project&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>"&lt;a href="http://er.jsc.nasa.gov/seh/ricetalk.htm"&gt;John F. Kennedy Moon Speech - Rice Stadium&lt;/a&gt;." Software, Robotics, and Simulation Division, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration. http://er.jsc.nasa.gov/seh/ricetalk.htm.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/history/mercury/mercury-overview.htm"&gt;Project Mercury Overview&lt;/a&gt;." John F. Kennedy Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration. http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/history/mercury/mercury-overview.htm.</text>
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COMPLEX-14&#13;
&#13;
MERCURY</text>
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                <text>The Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14 (LC-14) Blockhouse was where Mercury-Atlas rockets were launched using analog electronic equipment to monitor various aspects of the rocket. One might note that these Project Mercury workstations had no video screens, as there might be today, only analog gauges and meters to view conditions, as well as dials, switches, and buttons to issue commands to the rockets. This equipment was placed in electronics racks, similar to those used for computers in server rooms today, to save space and allow each workstation to have all the equipment to accomplish its function.</text>
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                <text>A newspaper article published by &lt;em&gt;The &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;Plattsburgh Press-Republican&lt;/em&gt; on October 4, 1962. Dr. Calvin D. Fowler was the manager of Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14 during the final three launches of Project Mercury. In this newspaper photograph, he is shown sitting at the Launch Conductor's console in the blockhouse at Launch Complex 14 (LC-14), launching &lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;Wally Schirra (1923-2007)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'s Mercury-Atlas rocket, named Sigma 7, into space. Dr. Fowler would go on to do the same for Gordon Cooper (1927-2004).</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://virtualheritage.ist.ucf.edu/cchp/" target="_blank"&gt;Florida Space Coast History Project&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>"&lt;a href="http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/history/mercury/mercury-overview.htm"&gt;Project Mercury Overview&lt;/a&gt;." John F. Kennedy Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration. http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/history/mercury/mercury-overview.htm.</text>
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                <text>Astronauts' Biggest 'Booster'</text>
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                <text>A newspaper article by Peter Reich published in &lt;em&gt;The Chicago's American&lt;/em&gt;. The article provides a contemporaneous account of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler, manager of Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14 (LC-14) and launch conductor, whose job was launching astronaut Gordon Cooper into space on a Project Mercury rocket.</text>
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                <text>Original newspaper article: Reich, Peter. "Astronauts' Biggest 'Booster': Button Pusher with Prime Job." &lt;a href="http://www.chicagotribune.com/" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;The Chicago's American&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, May 9, 1963: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://virtualheritage.ist.ucf.edu/cchp/" target="_blank"&gt;Florida Space Coast History Project&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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&#13;
Gordon Cooper&#13;
&#13;
UNITED&#13;
STATES</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/148" target="_blank"&gt;Florida Space Coast History Collection&lt;/a&gt;, RICHES of Central Florida.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="http://virtualheritage.ist.ucf.edu/cchp/" target="_blank"&gt;Florida Space Coast History Project&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>As the third Mercury 7 astronaut, John Glenn (b. 1921) became the first American to orbit the Earth on February 20, 1962. On February 23, he returned to Patrick Air Force Base (Patrick AFB), accompanied by Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson (1908-1973), and was reunited with his wife Annie Glenn (b. 1920) and their children. Glenn, his wife, and Vice President Johnson then motorcaded to Cape Canaveral and participated in a parade through Cocoa Beach, Florida.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Upon arrival at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (Cape Cananveral AFS), they greeted President John F. Kennedy (1917-1963), who had flown into Cape Canaveral, landing at the Skid Strip. From there, President Kennedy and Glenn were driven to Hangar S at Cape Canaveral, where the President presented him the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Distinguished Service Medal. They then toured Mercury Control Center and then greeted launch workers at Launch Complex 14 (LC-14). At the launch site, Glenn presented the President with a hard hat that workers wore when at the launchpad.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/149" target="_blank"&gt;Dr. Calvin Fowler Collection&lt;/a&gt;, Florida Space Coast History Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.</text>
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                <text>Originally owned by Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.</text>
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                <text>Copyright to this resource is held by Dr. Calvin D. Fowler and is provided here by &lt;a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES of Central Florida&lt;/a&gt; for educational purposes only.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://virtualheritage.ist.ucf.edu/cchp/" target="_blank"&gt;Florida Space Coast History Project&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES MI&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>"&lt;a href="http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/history/mercury/mercury-overview.htm"&gt;Project Mercury Overview&lt;/a&gt;." John F. Kennedy Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration. http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/history/mercury/mercury-overview.htm.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://virtualheritage.ist.ucf.edu/cchp/" target="_blank"&gt;Florida Space Coast History Project&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>"&lt;a href="http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/history/mercury/mercury-overview.htm"&gt;Project Mercury Overview&lt;/a&gt;." John F. Kennedy Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration. http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/history/mercury/mercury-overview.htm.</text>
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                <text>Astronaut Wally Schirra</text>
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                <text>Wally Schirra (1923-2007) was the fifth American astronaut in space and the third to orbit the Earth. On October 3, 1962, Dr. Calvin D. Fowler, who was the manager and launch conductor for Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14 (LC-14), confirmed a go for launch with the Project Mercury team in the launch complex's blockhouse and pressed the button to ignite the Mercury-Atlas rocket named &lt;em&gt;Sigma 7&lt;/em&gt;. After his successful flight, U.S. Navy Lieutenant Commander Schirra thanked Dr. Fowler for his efforts with a signed photograph.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/149" target="_blank"&gt;Dr. Calvin Fowler Collection&lt;/a&gt;, Florida Space Coast History Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.</text>
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                <text>Thanks again for the GOOD GO!&#13;
Cal - I'll flip you for&#13;
lunch anytime - you come[?] -&#13;
Wa;;y&#13;
&#13;
UNITED&#13;
STATES&#13;
&#13;
NASA&#13;
W. M. SCHIRRA&#13;
&#13;
ASTRONAUT WALTER SCHIRRA</text>
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                <text>Letter from General Ben I. Funk to Dr. Calvin D. Fowler (May 14, 1963)</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://virtualheritage.ist.ucf.edu/cchp/" target="_blank"&gt;Florida Space Coast History Project&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/149" target="_blank"&gt;Dr. Calvin Fowler Collection&lt;/a&gt;, Florida Space Coast History Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.</text>
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                <text>Copyright to this resource is held by Dr. Calvin D. Fowler and is provided here by &lt;a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES of Central Florida&lt;/a&gt; for educational purposes only.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://virtualheritage.ist.ucf.edu/cchp/" target="_blank"&gt;Florida Space Coast History Project&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text> Cepero, Laura</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES MI&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>"&lt;a href="http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/history/mercury/mercury-overview.htm"&gt;Project Mercury Overview&lt;/a&gt;." John F. Kennedy Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration. http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/history/mercury/mercury-overview.htm.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="630276">
                <text>G D&#13;
GENERAL DYNAMICS&#13;
ASTRONAUTICS&#13;
&#13;
HOLD DOWN AND RELEASE SAFETY&#13;
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[illegible]&#13;
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FLAME [illegible]&#13;
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STA&#13;
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MISSILE HELIUM&#13;
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GATE SELECTOR&#13;
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RANGE AMPLITUDE&#13;
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[illegible]&#13;
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[illegible]&#13;
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[illegible]&#13;
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[illegible]&#13;
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[illegible]&#13;
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FREQUENCY MULTIPLIER[?] LOW FREQUENCY DECADE OSCILLATOR&#13;
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4 PHASE OUTPIT&#13;
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[illegible]&#13;
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SIGNAL[?] BALANCE TFA CARRIER CONVERTER INPUT [illegible]</text>
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DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE AMPLIFIER&#13;
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AUXILIARY PNEUMATIC&#13;
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G D&#13;
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[illegible] BATTERY TIMER [illegible]&#13;
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PROGRAMMER MONITOR&#13;
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[illegible]&#13;
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[illegible]&#13;
[illegible]&#13;
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DISPLACEMENT GYRO HEATERS&#13;
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[illegible]PUSH MAGNITION[?]&#13;
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[illegible]PITCH [illegible]&#13;
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[illegible]&#13;
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[illegible]&#13;
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AUTOPILOT CONTROL&#13;
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G D&#13;
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FUEL TANKING&#13;
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[illegible]&#13;
TRAFFIC SIGNALS&#13;
[illegible]&#13;
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MISSILE POWER CONTROL&#13;
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[illegible]&#13;
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[illegible]&#13;
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SPEAKER&#13;
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[illegible]&#13;
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&#13;
[illegible]&#13;
Beckman&#13;
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[illegible]&#13;
AM CALIBRATOR&#13;
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RECORD ELECTRONICS&#13;
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AUTOPILOT RECORDER POWER SUPPLY [illegible]THERMOCOUPLE REF.[?] JUNCTION&#13;
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[illegible]&#13;
&#13;
LANDLINE INSTRUMENTATION&#13;
OSCILLOGRAPHS&#13;
[illegible]&#13;
STRIP CHART RECORDERS SEQUENCE RECORDERS&#13;
[illegible]&#13;
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STA 28</text>
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BROWN ELECTRONIK&#13;
&#13;
START TK PNEU[?]&#13;
REG OUT</text>
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                <text>"&lt;a href="http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/history/mercury/mercury-overview.htm"&gt;Project Mercury Overview&lt;/a&gt;." John F. Kennedy Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration. http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/history/mercury/mercury-overview.htm.</text>
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                  <text>"&lt;a href="http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/history/mercury/mercury-overview.htm"&gt;Project Mercury Overview&lt;/a&gt;." John F. Kennedy Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration. http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/history/mercury/mercury-overview.htm.</text>
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                <text>Launch Conductor Dr. Calvin D. Fowler posed for these publicity photographs on May 2, 1962, leading up to the launch of the Aurora 7 Mercury-Atlas 7 orbital mission, manned by Commander Scott Carpenter (1925-2013). These images are part of a series of publicity stills by General Dynamics/Astronautics division, the company responsible for Project Mercury vehicles and their launches, that were typically distributed to the media for their use. Dr. Fowler is standing in front of the Mercury-Atlas vehicle as it sits on the launchpad.</text>
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                <text>Originally owned by Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://virtualheritage.ist.ucf.edu/cchp/" target="_blank"&gt;Florida Space Coast History Project&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>"&lt;a href="http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/history/mercury/ma-7/ma-7.htm"&gt;Aurora 7 MA-7 (24)&lt;/a&gt;". John F. Kennedy Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration. http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/history/mercury/ma-7/ma-7.htm.</text>
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                <text>C. FOWLER&#13;
&#13;
CAL&#13;
GD&#13;
ASTRONAUTICS</text>
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                <text>Original black and white photographic print: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.</text>
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                <text> Civics/Government Teacher</text>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;Originally owned by Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>Copyright to this resource is held by Dr. Calvin D. Fowler and is provided here by &lt;a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES of Central Florida&lt;/a&gt; for educational purposes only.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://virtualheritage.ist.ucf.edu/cchp/" target="_blank"&gt;Florida Space Coast History Project&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>LAUNCH CONTROL SIMULATOR&#13;
&#13;
SEQUENCER COUNTDOWN</text>
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                <text> Geography Teacher</text>
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                <text>Copyright to this resource is held by Dr. Calvin D. Fowler and is provided here by &lt;a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES of Central Florida&lt;/a&gt; for educational purposes only.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://virtualheritage.ist.ucf.edu/cchp/" target="_blank"&gt;Florida Space Coast History Project&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text> Cepero, Laura</text>
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                <text>[illegible]&#13;
&#13;
AMPEX&#13;
&#13;
PLAYBACK HEAD SELECTOR</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="http://virtualheritage.ist.ucf.edu/cchp/" target="_blank"&gt;Florida Space Coast History Project&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES MI&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>"&lt;a href="http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/history/mercury/mercury-overview.htm"&gt;Project Mercury Overview&lt;/a&gt;." John F. Kennedy Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration. http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/history/mercury/mercury-overview.htm.</text>
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[illegible]</text>
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ASTRONAUTICS</text>
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&#13;
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://virtualheritage.ist.ucf.edu/cchp/" target="_blank"&gt;Florida Space Coast History Project&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>While visiting the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14 Launchpad before the launch of the Faith 7 Mercury-Atlas mission, astronaut Astronaut listens to Günter Wendt (1923-2010) of McDonnell Aircraft Corporation, the man who supervised spacecraft preparation on the launchpad. Wendt was famous for his meticulous standards, which won the trust of the astronauts.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;General Dynamics/Astronautics Operations Manager B. G. MacNabb is seen in the center of the first photograph. In the second photograph, MacNabb is pictured on the left, Wendt is seen in the center, and Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14 Manager Dr. Calvin D. Fowler is photographed on the right.</text>
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                <text>Originally owned by Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.</text>
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                <text>Copyright to this resource is held by Dr. Calvin D. Fowler and is provided here by &lt;a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES of Central Florida&lt;/a&gt; for educational purposes only.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://virtualheritage.ist.ucf.edu/cchp/" target="_blank"&gt;Florida Space Coast History Project&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>G D GENERAL DYNAMICS ASTRONAUTICS&#13;
&#13;
B. G. MACNABB[?]&#13;
&#13;
[illegible]</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://virtualheritage.ist.ucf.edu/cchp/" target="_blank"&gt;Florida Space Coast History Project&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>"&lt;a href="http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/history/mercury/mercury-overview.htm"&gt;Project Mercury Overview&lt;/a&gt;." John F. Kennedy Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration. http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/history/mercury/mercury-overview.htm.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://virtualheritage.ist.ucf.edu/cchp/" target="_blank"&gt;Florida Space Coast History Project&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>"&lt;a href="http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/facility/warren.htm"&gt;Francis E. Warren AFB&lt;/a&gt;." GlobalSecurity.org. http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/facility/warren.htm.</text>
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FOWLER[?]</text>
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                <text>To assure proper checks and approvals by all appropriate individuals, small custom inked stamps called hallmarks were used by Apollo workers to ensure that checks were performed, and each worker who conducted one approved of the quality or conformance of the inspected item. These hallmarks are visible on equipment and reports of that era. This certificate was in honor of Apollo 17 and signed by the mission's astronauts: Eugene Cernan (b. 1934), Ronald Evans (1933-1990), and Harrison Schmitt (b. 1935)</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://virtualheritage.ist.ucf.edu/cchp/" target="_blank"&gt;Florida Space Coast History Project&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="http://virtualheritage.ist.ucf.edu/cchp/" target="_blank"&gt;Florida Space Coast History Project&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>"&lt;a href="http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/history/mercury/mercury-overview.htm"&gt;Project Mercury Overview&lt;/a&gt;." John F. Kennedy Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration. http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/history/mercury/mercury-overview.htm.</text>
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                <text>Dr. Calvin D. Fowler, the man who launched the final three Mercury-Atlas missions, is photographed here, applying his hallmark stamp to what appears to be a commemorative poster during the Apollo era. To assure proper checks and approvals by all appropriate individuals, small custom inked stamps called hallmarks were used by Apollo workers to ensure that checks were performed, and each worker who conducted one approved of the quality or conformance of the inspected item. These hallmarks are visible on equipment and reports of that era.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/149" target="_blank"&gt;Dr. Calvin Fowler Collection&lt;/a&gt;, Florida Space Coast History Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://virtualheritage.ist.ucf.edu/cchp/" target="_blank"&gt;Florida Space Coast History Project&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text> Cepero, Laura</text>
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&#13;
[illegible] PROJECT MERCURY [illegible]&#13;
&#13;
LAUNCH THIS WAY</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES MI&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>"&lt;a href="http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/history/mercury/mercury-overview.htm"&gt;Project Mercury Overview&lt;/a&gt;." John F. Kennedy Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration. http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/history/mercury/mercury-overview.htm.</text>
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                <text>Original black and white photographic print: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/149" target="_blank"&gt;Dr. Calvin Fowler Collection&lt;/a&gt;, Florida Space Coast History Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://srealserver.eecs.ucf.edu/chronopoints/" target="_blank"&gt;Chronopoints&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>ca. 1962</text>
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                <text>image/jpg</text>
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                <text>255 KB</text>
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                <text>1 black and white photographic print</text>
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                <text>History Teacher</text>
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                <text> Civics/Government Teacher</text>
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            <name>Provenance</name>
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                <text>Originally owned by Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.</text>
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            <name>Rights Holder</name>
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                <text>Copyright to this resource is held by Dr. Calvin D. Fowler and is provided here by &lt;a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES of Central Florida&lt;/a&gt; for educational purposes only.</text>
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                <text>Donation</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://virtualheritage.ist.ucf.edu/cchp/" target="_blank"&gt;Florida Space Coast History Project&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Michlowitz, Robert</text>
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                <text> Cepero, Laura</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES MI&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>"&lt;a href="http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/history/mercury/ma-9/ma-9.htm"&gt;Faith 7 MA-9 (26)&lt;/a&gt;." John F. Kennedy Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration. http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/history/mercury/ma-9/ma-9.htm.</text>
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        <name>Convair</name>
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        <name>Skid Strip</name>
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        <name>space exploration</name>
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        <name>space programs</name>
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              <description/>
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                  <text>John F. Kennedy Space Center</text>
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                  <text>Collection of images, documents, and other archival items donated by Dr. Calvin "Cal" D. Fowler, who was the manager of Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14 during the final three launches of Project Mercury. </text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="http://srealserver.eecs.ucf.edu/chronopoints/" target="_blank"&gt;Chronopoints&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/148" target="_blank"&gt;Florida Space Coast History Collection&lt;/a&gt;, RICHES of Central Florida.</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="536509">
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                  <text>&lt;a href="http://virtualheritage.ist.ucf.edu/cchp/" target="_blank"&gt;Florida Space Coast History Project&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <name>Curator</name>
              <description/>
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                  <text>Michlowitz, Robert</text>
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                  <text>Cepero, Laura</text>
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            <element elementId="134">
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                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES MI&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <name>External Reference</name>
              <description/>
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                  <text>"&lt;a href="http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/history/mercury/mercury-overview.htm"&gt;Project Mercury Overview&lt;/a&gt;." John F. Kennedy Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration. http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/history/mercury/mercury-overview.htm.</text>
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                <text>Friendship 7 Atlas Debris</text>
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            <name>Alternative Title</name>
            <description/>
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                <text>Atlas Debris</text>
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                <text> NASA</text>
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                <text> Atlas (Missile)</text>
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                <text> Project Mercury (U.S.)</text>
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                <text>The stainless steel skin of an Atlas booster is displayed after recovery. This debris is suspected of being part of the Atlas used to boost John Glenn (b. 1921) with his &lt;em&gt;Friendship 7&lt;/em&gt; spacecraft into orbit. The skin is in such a degraded condition, because it is extremely thin, as the rocket maintained rigidity by internal fuel pressure, and the booster fell from a high altitude.</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description/>
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                <text>Original black and white photographic print: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.</text>
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            <name>Is Part Of</name>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/149" target="_blank"&gt;Dr. Calvin Fowler Collection&lt;/a&gt;, Florida Space Coast History Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.</text>
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                <text>GD&#13;
CONVAIR (ASTRONAUTICS) DIVISION GENERAL DYNAMICS CORPORATION&#13;
COMPLEX 13&#13;
&#13;
[illegible]</text>
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                <text>Major General Ben Ivan Funk Presents Award Citations to T. J. Joseph O'Malley and Dr. Calvin D. Fowler</text>
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                <text>Major General Ben Ivan Funk (1913-2012), of the U.S. Air Force, presents citations noting service to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) space program to aerospace engineer T. J. Joseph O'Malley and Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14 (LC-14) Manager Dr. Calvin D. Fowler. Photographed, from left to right, is O'Malley, Maj. Gen. Funk, and Dr. Fowler.</text>
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                <text> 151 KB</text>
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                <text>eng</text>
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                <text> Civics/Government Teacher</text>
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                <text>Originally owned by Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.</text>
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                <text>Copyright to this resource is held by Dr. Calvin D. Fowler and is provided here by &lt;a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES of Central Florida&lt;/a&gt; for educational purposes only.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://virtualheritage.ist.ucf.edu/cchp/" target="_blank"&gt;Florida Space Coast History Project&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES MI&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>"&lt;a href="http://www.af.mil/AboutUs/Biographies/Display/tabid/225/Article/105000/major-general-ben-ivan-funk.aspx"&gt;MAJOR GENERAL BEN IVAN FUNK&lt;/a&gt;." U.S. Air Force. http://www.af.mil/AboutUs/Biographies/Display/tabid/225/Article/105000/major-general-ben-ivan-funk.aspx.</text>
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                <text>[illegible]&#13;
G D&#13;
[illegible]</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/148" target="_blank"&gt;Florida Space Coast History Collection&lt;/a&gt;, RICHES of Central Florida.</text>
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                  <text>General Dynamics/Astronautics, Cocoa Beach, Florida</text>
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                  <text>John F. Kennedy Space Center, Merritt Island, Florida</text>
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                  <text>Patrick Air Force Base, Florida</text>
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                  <text>Covair/Astronautics, Mission Training Center, Port Canaveral, Florida</text>
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                  <text>U.S. Space Walk of Fame Museum, Titusville, Florida</text>
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                  <text>Daytona Beach, Florida</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="http://virtualheritage.ist.ucf.edu/cchp/" target="_blank"&gt;Florida Space Coast History Project&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES MI&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <name>External Reference</name>
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                  <text>"&lt;a href="http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/history/mercury/mercury-overview.htm"&gt;Project Mercury Overview&lt;/a&gt;." John F. Kennedy Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration. http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/history/mercury/mercury-overview.htm.</text>
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                <text> Project Mercury (U.S.)</text>
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                <text> Marine Corps</text>
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                <text> Monuments--United States</text>
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                <text>The time capsule is located at the Mercury 7 Monument, which was placed at the entrance to Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14 (LC-14). Contents of the time capsule are said to include John Glenn's (b. 1921) Marine Corps pilot wings, capsule blueprints, and photographic film documentation. Standing to the head of the site is a sculpture of the emblem of Project Mercury. The "7" signifies the original 7 Mercury astronauts, known as the Original Seven and Astronaut Group 1. The astronauts were Alan Shepard (1923-1998), Gus Grissom (1926-1967), John Glenn, Scott Carpenter (1925-2013), Wally Schirra (1923-2007), Gordon Cooper (1927-2004), and Deke Slayton.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The marker, which was not in place when the photograph was taken, quotes President John F. Kennedy (1917-1963): "One of the most complex tasks ever presented to man in this country...the achievement of manned flight in orbit around the Earth." President Kennedy requested that the time capsule be opened 500 years, hence in 2464.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/149" target="_blank"&gt;Dr. Calvin Fowler Collection&lt;/a&gt;, Florida Space Coast History Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://virtualheritage.ist.ucf.edu/cchp/" target="_blank"&gt;Florida Space Coast History Project&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Originally owned by Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.</text>
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                <text>Copyright to this resource is held by Dr. Calvin D. Fowler and is provided here by &lt;a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES of Central Florida&lt;/a&gt; for educational purposes only.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://virtualheritage.ist.ucf.edu/cchp/" target="_blank"&gt;Florida Space Coast History Project&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Originally owned by Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://virtualheritage.ist.ucf.edu/cchp/" target="_blank"&gt;Florida Space Coast History Project&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text> Cepero, Laura</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="http://virtualheritage.ist.ucf.edu/cchp/" target="_blank"&gt;Florida Space Coast History Project&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES MI&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>"&lt;a href="http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/history/mercury/mercury-overview.htm"&gt;Project Mercury Overview&lt;/a&gt;." John F. Kennedy Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration. http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/history/mercury/mercury-overview.htm.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/149" target="_blank"&gt;Dr. Calvin Fowler Collection&lt;/a&gt;, Florida Space Coast History Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.</text>
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STATES&#13;
&#13;
G. Cooper G D&#13;
[illegible]</text>
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Gordon Cooper&#13;
NASA&#13;
L. COOPER</text>
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L. COOPER[?]</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="http://virtualheritage.ist.ucf.edu/cchp/" target="_blank"&gt;Florida Space Coast History Project&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Original black and white photographic print, April 1963: Private Collection of Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/149" target="_blank"&gt;Dr. Calvin Fowler Collection&lt;/a&gt;, Florida Space Coast History Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.</text>
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                <text>Fowler, Calvin D.</text>
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                <text> 234 KB</text>
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                <text>eng</text>
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            <name>Provenance</name>
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                <text>Originally owned by Dr. Calvin D. Fowler.</text>
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                <text>Copyright to this resource is held by Dr. Calvin D. Fowler and is provided here by &lt;a href="http://riches.cah.ucf.edu/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES of Central Florida&lt;/a&gt; for educational purposes only.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://virtualheritage.ist.ucf.edu/cchp/" target="_blank"&gt;Florida Space Coast History Project&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text> Cepero, Laura</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES MI&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>"&lt;a href="http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/history/mercury/mercury-overview.htm"&gt;Project Mercury Overview&lt;/a&gt;." John F. Kennedy Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration. http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/history/mercury/mercury-overview.htm.</text>
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                <text>G D&#13;
[illegible] G. Cooper[?]</text>
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        <name>Cal Fowler</name>
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        <name>Calvin D. Fowler</name>
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        <name>Leroy Gordon Cooper, Jr.</name>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="http://virtualheritage.ist.ucf.edu/cchp/" target="_blank"&gt;Florida Space Coast History Project&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES MI&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>"&lt;a href="http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/history/mercury/mercury-overview.htm"&gt;Project Mercury Overview&lt;/a&gt;." John F. Kennedy Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration. http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/history/mercury/mercury-overview.htm.</text>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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                <text>Friendship 7 Lift Off at the Launch Pad at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14</text>
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            <description/>
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                <text>Friendship 7 Lift Off</text>
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                <text> Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (Fla.)</text>
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                <text>John Glenn's (b. 1921) Mercury-Atlas vehicle (MA-6) lifting off the launch pad at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14 (LC-14) on February 20, 1962. This was the first manned flight of a Mercury-Atlas spacecraft, which occurred after a few delays. Glenn would become the first American to orbit the Earth. Glenn was later feted in parades from Cocoa Beach, Florida, to New York City, New York.</text>
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                  <text>Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of folk music in Central Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around.&#13;
&#13;
Folk music varies by country and region, but is typically described as acoustic-based music that embraces the life and struggles of the common man and the events of everyday life. “Folk” comes from the term “folklore,” which was derived by William Thomas in 1846, to describe “the traditions, customs, and superstitions of the uncultured classes.” Although the definition of folk music is elusive, the International Folk Music Council defines it as “the product of a musical tradition that has been evolved through the process of oral transmission. The factors that shape the tradition are: (1) continuity which links the present with the past; (2) variation which springs from the creative impulse of the individual or the group; and (3) selection by the community which determines the form or forms in which the music survives."&#13;
&#13;
Before sound recording and reproduction allowed people to listen to recorded music, songs were often passed down through oral traditions, creating variants. Cecil Sharp, considered by many to be the founding father of the folklore revival in early 20th century England, believed that competing variants of a traditional folk song created a process of natural selection, eventually creating a more perfect version, shaped by the community. By the end of the 1930s, American folk music had become a social movement, and by the 1960s, folk genres varied as much as the definition of the term itself.&#13;
&#13;
The Library of Congress attempted to capture as much North American field material as possible in the 1930s and 1940s, working through the vast collections of collectors such as Alan Lomax and Robert Winslow Gordon. On behalf of the Works Progress Administration (WPA), teams of writers and scholars across the United States collected materials about the places they saw and the people they met. Fieldworkers from the Florida Folklore Project, in conjunction with the Florida Federal Writers' Project, the Florida Music Project, and the Joint Committee on Folk Arts of the Work Projects Administration, concentrated on enclaves known for preserving ethnic traditions, documenting African-American, Arabic, Bahamian, British-American, Cuban, Greek, Italian, Minorcan, Seminole, and Slavic cultures throughout Florida. Florida is home to two significant folk festivals, including the annual Will McLean Music Festival, which is held at the Sertoma Youth Camp in Brooksville, Florida; and the Florida Folk Festival, an annual festival of music, food, and traditional arts to highlight and celebrate Florida's many folk cultures and traditions.</text>
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                  <text>DeVane, Dwight, Blaine Waide, Peggy A. Bulger, Doris J. Dyen, and David Evans. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/856993560" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Drop on Down in Florida: Field Recordings of African American Traditional Music 1977-1980&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. Atlanta, Ga: Dust-to-Digital, 2012.</text>
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                  <text>Karpeles, Maud, and A. H. Fox Strangways. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1292970" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Cecil Sharp: His Life and Work&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. [Chicago]: University of Chicago Press, 1967.</text>
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                  <text>Lloyd, A. L. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/429559" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Folk Song in England&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: International Publishers, 1967.</text>
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                  <text>Morris, Alton Chester, and Leonhard Deutsch. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/20853347" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Folksongs of Florida&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 1990.</text>
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                  <text>Seeger, Ruth Crawford, Larry Polansky, and Judith Tick. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/46909473" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;"The Music of American Folk Song" and Selected Other Writings on American Folk Music&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press, 2001.</text>
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                <text>Sandy Shugart became the President of Valencia College, one of the country's largest colleges, in 2000, and led them to win the prestigious Aspen Prize for Community College Excellence in 2011. As a folk artist and poet, Shugart believes these seemingly unrelated endeavors are integral aspects of his life journey.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;WUCF-TV is a Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) television station serving the Central Florida television market. The station, operated by the University of Central Florida, is the region's sole PBS member station, reaching an estimated population of 4.6 million people in its aerial viewing area. Arts and culture take center stage in WUCF-TV's weekly local series: "WUCF Artisodes." Each episode airs Thursdays at 8 p.m., featuring a local artist or initiative, as well as stories on the arts from across the country. Developed in partnership with 28 PBS stations nationwide, this series is part of WUCF-TV's mission to give everyone a front-row seat to the arts. This Artisodes Short originally aired as part of "WUCF Artisodes #159: Music is Life" on January 29, 2015.</text>
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                <text>Ordway, Denise-Marie. "&lt;a href="http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2014-01-18/features/os-valencia-president-folk-music-20140118_1_garden-theatre-valencia-college-folk-music" target="_blank"&gt;Valencia President Sandy Shugart shows musical side&lt;/a&gt;." The Orlando Sentinel, January 18, 2014. http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2014-01-18/features/os-valencia-president-folk-music-20140118_1_garden-theatre-valencia-college-folk-music (Accessed March 30, 2015).</text>
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                  <text>Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of rock music in Central Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around.&#13;
&#13;
Rock music is uniquely American, emerging in the late 1940s and 1950s, with the influence of African-American blues, jazz, boogie woogie, and gospel, mixed with predominantly white country and Western swing music. This hybrid genre helped define a generation, breaking down color barriers in the South by merging African musical traditions with European instrumentation. The popularization of rock music coincided with the African-American Civil Rights Movement, which sought to end racial segregation and discrimination in the South. The sudden interest of white teens in black “race music” provoked a backlash among traditionalists and Americans found themselves in the middle of a “culture war.” The counterculture youth of the 1950s and 1960s rejected many of the mainstream cultural standards of their parents’ generation, especially in regards to race. &#13;
&#13;
During the First and Second Great Migration of the 20th century, African Americans and whites began living in closer proximity to one another, more so than ever before, resulting in both races emulating the other’s style in fashion, art, and music. Rock music influenced the language, attitudes, ideas, and trends of a generation. The genre continued to evolve, incorporating new elements with each subsequent decade. During the 1960s, the subgenres of folk rock, jazz rock, country rock, blues rock, psychedelic rock, glam rock, and progressive rock emerged. Musicians in the 1970s and 1980s created punk rock, Southern rock, heavy metal, new wave, and alternative rock. By the 1990s, artist continued to expand the genre by creating rap rock, reggae rock, grunge, and indie rock.&#13;
&#13;
Florida has been at the heart of rock music and the “culture war” since the 1950s. The recording industry was actively making rock records in Tampa during the 1960s and in Miami during the 1970s. Gram Parsons, a native of Winter Haven, is credited as the father of the country rock movement of the late 1960s, and Southern rock emerged from Jacksonville during the 1970s and 1980s, with bands such as the Allman Brothers Band, Lynyrd Skynyrd, the Outlaws, and Molly Hatchet. These contributions played an integral part in the history of rock music.&#13;
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                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/140" target="_blank"&gt;Central Florida Music History Collection&lt;/a&gt;, RICHES of Central Florida.</text>
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                  <text>Altschuler, Glenn C. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/51518334" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;All Shook Up: How Rock 'n' Roll Changed America&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.</text>
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                  <text>Studwell, William E., and D. F. Lonergan. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/41090615" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;The Classic Rock and Roll Reader: Rock Music from Its Beginnings to the Mid-1970s&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Haworth Press, 1999.</text>
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                <text>One of Central Florida's most unique and talented drummers/percussionists, Enmanuel Chacin, shares his thoughts on what he considers to be the blueprint of life: music. Chacin, who is blind, grew up in Caracas, Venezuela, where he claims the culture is driven by drums and percussion.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;WUCF-TV is a Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) television station serving the Central Florida television market. The station, operated by the University of Central Florida, is the region's sole PBS member station, reaching an estimated population of 4.6 million people in its aerial viewing area. Arts and culture take center stage in WUCF-TV's weekly local series: "WUCF Artisodes." Each episode airs Thursdays at 8 p.m., featuring a local artist or initiative, as well as stories on the arts from across the country. Developed in partnership with 28 PBS stations nationwide, this series is part of WUCF-TV's mission to give everyone a front-row seat to the arts. This Artisodes Short originally aired as part of "WUCF Artisodes #161: We've Got the Beat" on February 12, 2015.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://java.com/en/download/index.jsp" target="_blank"&gt; Java&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Price, Jim. &lt;a href="http://www.guidedogs.com/site/PageServer?pagename=stories_echacin" target="_blank"&gt;"Enmanuel Chacin&lt;/a&gt;." Guidedogs for the Blind. http://www.guidedogs.com/site/PageServer?pagename=stories_echacin (Accessed March 30, 2015).</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L55f31AOaUA" target="_blank"&gt;WUCF Artisodes Short: Enmanuel Chacin&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Blues Collection</text>
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                  <text>Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of blues music in Central Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;During the middle to late 19th century, African-American ex-slaves and their descendants in the Deep South began playing a style of music that evolved from Black Spirituals and chants, work songs, field hollers, rural fife and drum music, revivalist hymns, and European folk and country dance music. It was characterized by its call-and-response narrative pattern, blue notes, and specific chord progressions, of which the 12-bar blues was the most common. By the turn of the century, blues music was being performed in regions such as Louisiana, the Mississippi Delta, the Piedmont region, and Texas, typically by a solo musician on acoustic guitar, harmonica, or piano. Initially, a traditional blues verse was made up of a single line repeated four times, until the common AAB pattern was established in the early 20th century.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In 1912, W. C. Handy, an African-American minstrel show band leader, published "Memphis Blues," which helped popularize the genre by transcribing and orchestrating it in a symphonic-like style. Handy is also credited with giving the blues its contemporary form, and was crowned the "Father of the Blues." The unexpected success of Mamie Smith’s "Crazy Blues," eight years later, caused record labels to begin producing “race records," featuring blues singers such as Ma Rainey and Bessie Smith. Most of the blues pioneers from the 1920s performed solo with an acoustic guitar. Among the most recognized are Robert Johnson, Blind Lemon Jefferson, Son House, Leadbelly and Charlie Patton.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As blues spread from the Deep South, it took on regional characteristics and styles. The Mississippi Delta blues featured slide guitar and a rootsy, sparse style. The Piedmont blues used an elaborate ragtime-based rhythm and fingerpicking technique. The Memphis blues, popular in vaudeville and medicine shows, was influenced by jug bands, incorporating unusual instruments such as washboard, kazoo, jug, mandolin, and fiddle. Urban blues forced performers to become more elaborate, as they had to adapt to a larger, more varied audience. Boogie-woogie consisted of piano-based blues derived from barrelhouse and ragtime in Chicago. Big band blues emerged out of Kansas City and incorporated elements of jazz and swing. West Coast blues was heavily influenced by a swing beat, and popularized by Texas musicians who moved to California. Electric blues came out of Chicago, Memphis, Detroit, and St. Louis in the 1950s, using electric guitars, double bass, drums. and harmonica performed through a microphone, amplifier and PA (public address) system. By the beginning of the 1960s, the most popular genres for young Americans were rock and roll and soul music, both rooted in African-American blues.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Buried in the Deep South, Central Florida has had a long blues tradition, and a number of notable blues musicians had roots in Florida, including Tampa Red, Bo Diddley, Ray Charles, "Diamond Teeth Mary" McClain, Gabriel Brown, Noble "Thin Man" Watts, Willie Green, Blind Blake, Little Mike and the Tornadoes, Barrelhouse Chuck, and the Allman Brothers Band. Muddy Waters wrote a song for his 1977 album, &lt;em&gt;Hard Again&lt;/em&gt;, entitled "Deep Down in Florida," in which he mentions Newberry and traveling to Gainesville to see an old friend. Waters met his third wife while performing at the popular blues dance hall, the Cotton Club, in Gainesville. The club opened in 1948 and had regular performances by such future famous blues musicians as James Brown, B.B. King and Ray Charles. The Wells’ Built Hotel and Casino, which is now an African-American history museum, is located in the historic African-American community of Parramore in Downtown Orlando. The hotel hosted many notable African-American musicians and celebrities during the Segregation era. Guitar Slim, Ray Charles, Ivory Joe Hunter, B. B. King and Bo Diddley were among the bluesmen traveling along the Chitlin' Circuit who were guests at the hotel and performers at the casino.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="http://www.wucftv.org/home/" target="_blank"&gt;WUCF-TV&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/140" target="_blank"&gt;Central Florida Music History Collection&lt;/a&gt;, RICHES of Central Florida.</text>
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                  <text>Cravero, Geoffrey</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES MI&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>DeVane, Dwight, Blaine Waide, Peggy A. Bulger, Doris J. Dyen, and David Evans. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/856993560" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Drop on Down in Florida: Field Recordings of African American Traditional Music 1977-1980&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. Atlanta, Ga: Dust-to-Digital, 2012.</text>
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                  <text>Oakley, Giles. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/3082016" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;The Devil's Music: A History of the Blues&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Taplinger Pub. Co, 1977.</text>
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                  <text>Palmer, Robert. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/6864668" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Deep Blues: A Musical and Cultural History of the Mississippi Delta&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Viking Press, 1981.</text>
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                <text>WUCF Artisodes Short: Daniel Heitz</text>
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                <text>Daniel Heitz first took the stage at the Alley blues club in Sanford, Florida, when he was 11 years old. Over the next six years, he became one of the most impressive classical blues guitarists in Central Florida.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;WUCF-TV is a Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) television station serving the Central Florida television market. The station, operated by the University of Central Florida, is the region's sole PBS member station, reaching an estimated population of 4.6 million people in its aerial viewing area. Arts and culture take center stage in WUCF-TV's weekly local series: "WUCF Artisodes." Each episode airs Thursdays at 8 p.m., featuring a local artist or initiative, as well as stories on the arts from across the country. Developed in partnership with 28 PBS stations nationwide, this series is part of WUCF-TV's mission to give everyone a front-row seat to the arts. This Artisodes Short originally aired as part of "WUCF Artisodes #145: The Call of Music" on October 2, 2014.</text>
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                <text>Original 5-minute and 25-second audio/video recording of Daniel Heitz, &lt;a href="http://www.wucftv.org/home/" target="_blank"&gt;WUCF-TV&lt;/a&gt;, Sanford, Florida, October 2, 2014: WUCF-TV, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://java.com/en/download/index.jsp" target="_blank"&gt; Java&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/144" target="_blank"&gt;Blues Collection&lt;/a&gt;, Central Florida Music History Collection, RICHES of Central Florida.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://video.wucftv.org/video/2365335036/" target="_blank"&gt;WUCF Artisodes 145: The Call of Music&lt;/a&gt;, WUCF-TV, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://video.wucftv.org/video/2365333735/" target="_blank"&gt;WUCF Artisodes Short: Daniel Heitz&lt;/a&gt;, WUCF-TV, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.</text>
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                <text> The Alley, Sanford, Florida</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://www.wucftv.org/home/" target="_blank"&gt;WUCF-TV&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Heitz, Daniel</text>
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                <text>Williamson, Karl</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="534483">
                <text>ca. 2015-01-29</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="534484">
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                <text>McPherson, Gary. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/64554616" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;The Child As Musician: A Handbook of Musical Development&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://www.wucftv.org/local-programs/artisodes/" target="_blank"&gt;”WUCF Artisodes&lt;/a&gt;.” WUCFTV.org. http://www.wucftv.org/local-programs/artisodes/ (Accessed March 30, 2015).</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s6yGU66JuBA" target="_blank"&gt;WUCF Artisodes Short: Daniel Heitz&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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&#13;
Rock music is uniquely American, emerging in the late 1940s and 1950s, with the influence of African-American blues, jazz, boogie woogie, and gospel, mixed with predominantly white country and Western swing music. This hybrid genre helped define a generation, breaking down color barriers in the South by merging African musical traditions with European instrumentation. The popularization of rock music coincided with the African-American Civil Rights Movement, which sought to end racial segregation and discrimination in the South. The sudden interest of white teens in black “race music” provoked a backlash among traditionalists and Americans found themselves in the middle of a “culture war.” The counterculture youth of the 1950s and 1960s rejected many of the mainstream cultural standards of their parents’ generation, especially in regards to race. &#13;
&#13;
During the First and Second Great Migration of the 20th century, African Americans and whites began living in closer proximity to one another, more so than ever before, resulting in both races emulating the other’s style in fashion, art, and music. Rock music influenced the language, attitudes, ideas, and trends of a generation. The genre continued to evolve, incorporating new elements with each subsequent decade. During the 1960s, the subgenres of folk rock, jazz rock, country rock, blues rock, psychedelic rock, glam rock, and progressive rock emerged. Musicians in the 1970s and 1980s created punk rock, Southern rock, heavy metal, new wave, and alternative rock. By the 1990s, artist continued to expand the genre by creating rap rock, reggae rock, grunge, and indie rock.&#13;
&#13;
Florida has been at the heart of rock music and the “culture war” since the 1950s. The recording industry was actively making rock records in Tampa during the 1960s and in Miami during the 1970s. Gram Parsons, a native of Winter Haven, is credited as the father of the country rock movement of the late 1960s, and Southern rock emerged from Jacksonville during the 1970s and 1980s, with bands such as the Allman Brothers Band, Lynyrd Skynyrd, the Outlaws, and Molly Hatchet. These contributions played an integral part in the history of rock music.&#13;
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                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/140" target="_blank"&gt;Central Florida Music History Collection&lt;/a&gt;, RICHES of Central Florida.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES MI&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Altschuler, Glenn C. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/51518334" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;All Shook Up: How Rock 'n' Roll Changed America&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.</text>
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                  <text>Studwell, William E., and D. F. Lonergan. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/41090615" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;The Classic Rock and Roll Reader: Rock Music from Its Beginnings to the Mid-1970s&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Haworth Press, 1999.</text>
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                <text>After performing for years as the "Piano Man" on numerous cruise ships, Ted White grew tired of travel and built a unique musical contraption. Since then, Ted performs regularly on the beach on his bicycle/keyboard that he built to resemble a grand piano. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;WUCF-TV is a Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) television station serving the Central Florida television market. The station, operated by the University of Central Florida, is the region's sole PBS member station, reaching an estimated population of 4.6 million people in its aerial viewing area. Arts and culture take center stage in WUCF-TV's weekly local series: "WUCF Artisodes." Each episode airs Thursdays at 8 p.m., featuring a local artist or initiative, as well as stories on the arts from across the country. Developed in partnership with 28 PBS stations nationwide, this series is part of WUCF-TV's mission to give everyone a front-row seat to the arts. This Artisodes Short originally aired as part of "WUCF Artisodes #130" on May 15, 2014.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://java.com/en/download/index.jsp" target="_blank"&gt; Java&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Mason, Bim. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/24907210" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Street Theatre and Other Outdoor Performance&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. London: Routledge, 1992.</text>
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                  <text>Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of jazz in Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around.&#13;
&#13;
The roots of jazz music began in the fields of the American South, as African-American slaves sang “call-and-response” work songs and “spirituals” to help them get through the brutal hours of forced labor. As Europeans immigrated to American cities in the late 19th century, they brought their musical traditions with them, and soon African-American musicians, such as Ernest Hogan and Scott Joplin, combined these styles with polyrhythmic African music, creating ragtime. New Orleans was an especially diverse cultural melting pot and became a place for musical experimentation by the early 1910s. European music merged with blues, folk, marching band music, and ragtime, creating a new genre called “jazz.”&#13;
&#13;
By the 1920s, the First Great Migration brought millions of African Americans to the urban Northeast and Midwest. Young, white Americans became enamored with jazz and blues music and the genre was soon being played on radio stations, at dancehalls, and in homes across the country. New York City, Kansas City, and Chicago began to establish their own styles of jazz. Big band swing became the most popular style of American music in the 1930s and 1940s.&#13;
&#13;
The most definitive feature of jazz is improvisation. The Great Depression forced many bands to cut down in size, leaving more space for intricate melodies and room for exploration. Bebop, which emerged in New York in the early 1940s, was aimed at a listening audience, rather than a dancing one, and became known as “musician’s music.” Bebop paved the way for Afro-Cuban and Latin jazz in the 1950s, when musicians, such as Dizzy Gillespie and Duke Ellington, incorporated Latin rhythms by playing with Cuban musicians in New York. The popularity of rock music in the 1960s and 1970s led to jazz-rock fusion, which combined improvisation with rock rhythms and amplified instruments. By the 1980s, smooth jazz emerged, creating a commercial form of the genre that drew criticism from many purists, who felt that the musicians were more concerned with making money than creating art with substance.&#13;
&#13;
Although Florida might not be as closely associated with jazz as cities like New Orleans, Chicago, and New York City, it has made significant contributions nonetheless. Afro-Cuban jazz developed simultaneously in New York City and Havana in the early 1940s, and Florida’s Cuban immigrants had a profound cultural impact on areas like Miami and Tampa. Since its foundation in 1979, the annual Jacksonville Jazz Festival has become one of the most popular jazz festivals in the country, featuring some of the top names in the genre, such as Dizzy Gillespie, Miles Davis, Count Basie, George Benson, and Herbie Hancock. The Clearwater Jazz Holiday began around the same time and has also evolved into a major international jazz festival. In addition to the legendary Sam Rivers, who moved to Orlando in the early 1990s and continued to perform until his death in 2011, Florida has been the home to a number of prominent jazz musicians, including Cedric Wallace, Ira Sullivan, George Tucker, Nathen Page, Alfred “Pee Wee” Ellis, Jackie Davis, Rich Matteson, Jeff Rupert, and the University of Central Florida’s Jazz Professors.&#13;
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                  <text>Alkyer, Frank. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/319491298" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt; DownBeat--the Great Jazz Interviews: A 75th Anniversary Anthology&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Hal Leonard, 2009.</text>
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                  <text>Gioia, Ted. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/36245922" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;The History of Jazz&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.</text>
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                  <text>Ward, Geoffrey C., and Ken Burns. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42404676" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Jazz: A History of America's Music&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2000.</text>
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                <text>Noble "Thin Man" Watts (1926-2004) was a blues and jazz saxophonist from DeLand, Florida, who worked with some of the biggest names in jazz, blues, and rock, including Buddy Holly (1936-1959), Dinah Washington (1924-1963), Jerry Lee Lewis (b. 1935), Lionel Hampton (1908-2002), Chuck Berry (b. 1926), Johnny Mathis (b. 1935), and the Everly Brothers. Watts moved back to DeLand in the mid-1960s, where he remained until his death in 2004. The "Thin Man" Watts Jazz Festival began earlier that year and has continued to grow in the years since.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;WUCF-TV is a Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) television station serving the Central Florida television market. The station, operated by the University of Central Florida, is the region's sole PBS member station, reaching an estimated population of 4.6 million people in its aerial viewing area. Arts and culture take center stage in WUCF-TV's weekly local series: "WUCF Artisodes." Each episode airs Thursdays at 8 p.m., featuring a local artist or initiative, as well as stories on the arts from across the country. Developed in partnership with 28 PBS stations nationwide, this series is part of WUCF-TV's mission to give everyone a front-row seat to the arts.</text>
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                <text>Original 5-minute and 2-second audio/video recording of Jazz Fest, &lt;a href="http://www.wucftv.org/home/" target="_blank"&gt;WUCF-TV&lt;/a&gt;, Orlando, Florida, April 21, 2014: WUCF-TV, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.</text>
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                <text>Dahl, Bill. "&lt;a href="http://www.allmusic.com/artist/noble-thin-man-watts-mn0000408965/biography" target="_blank"&gt;Noble 'Thin Man' Watts&lt;/a&gt;." AllMusic.com. http://www.allmusic.com/artist/noble-thin-man-watts-mn0000408965/biography (Accessed March 31, 2015).</text>
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                <text>African American Museum of the Arts. "&lt;a href="http://www.wattsjazzfest.com/" target="_blank"&gt;Thin Man Watts Jazz Fest&lt;/a&gt;." WattsJazzFest.com http://www.wattsjazzfest.com/ (Accessed March 31, 2015)</text>
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                <text>"&lt;a href="http://www.wucftv.org/local-programs/artisodes/" target="_blank"&gt;WUCF Artisodes&lt;/a&gt;." WUCFTV.org. http://www.wucftv.org/local-programs/artisodes/ (Accessed April 6, 2015).</text>
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                  <text>Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of music in Central Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around.&#13;
&#13;
Central Florida’s musical heritage is as rich as it is diverse, dating back to the Spanish settlers of the sixteenth century. Over the next 500 years, the region became a melting pot of Anglo-American folk and country music, African-American blues and jazz, Cuban and Latin music, traditional Native American music, gospel, rock, classical, pop, reggae, punk, metal, hip hop, and dance music. The cultural diversity of the people is reflected in the broad range of the music. Today, Central Florida is a hot spot for homegrown music and a popular stop for internationally touring artists.&#13;
&#13;
Some of the most popular artists of the twentieth century called Florida home, including Ray Charles, Bo Diddley, Jim Morrison, Gram Parsons, Sam Rivers, the Allman Brothers Band, Jimmy Buffett, Zora Neale Hurston, Lynyrd Skynyrd, Vassar Clements, Gloria Estefan, Tom Petty, Johnny Tillotson, Shel Silverstein, Arturo Sandoval, and Mel Tillis. The musical landscape of Florida has played an integral role in defining Floridian culture.&#13;
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                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;RICHES MI&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;span&gt;Housewright, Wiley L. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/48139297" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;&lt;em&gt;An Anthology of Music in Early Florida&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1999.&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;span&gt;Housewright, Wiley L. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/21196990" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;&lt;em&gt;A History of Music &amp;amp; Dance in Florida, 1565-1865&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1991.&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;span&gt;Morris, Alton Chester. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="Morris,%20Alton%20Chester.%20Folksongs%20of%20Florida%20and%20Their%20Cultural%20Background.%201941." target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Folksongs of Florida and Their Cultural Background&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;. 1941.&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                  <text>DeVane, Dwight, et al. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/821216900" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Drop on down in Florida: field recordings of African American traditional music 1977-1980&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. 2012.</text>
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                  <text>McLean, Will. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/39518212" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Florida Sand: Original Folk Songs of Florida&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. Tallahassee: [The Author], 1964.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/144" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Blues Collection&lt;/a&gt;, Central Florida Music History Collection, RICHES.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/145" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Classical Collection&lt;/a&gt;, Central Florida Music History Collection, RICHES.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/69" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra Collection&lt;/a&gt;, Classical Collection, Central Florida Music History Collection, RICHES.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/143" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Folk Collection&lt;/a&gt;, Central Florida Music History Collection, RICHES.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/142" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Rock Collection&lt;/a&gt;, Central Florida Music History Collection, RICHES.</text>
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                <text>WUCF Artisodes Short: Joe Muni</text>
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            <description/>
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                <text> Music--United States</text>
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                <text>When he comes home from his job as a roofer, Joe Muni of New Smyrna Beach crafts custom guitars using recycled wood. Every guitar is unique and many contain portraits within the body. Customers can either select from wood collected by Muni or bring their own wood, often with sentimental value, to Desolation Row Guitars and he will turn it into a functioning instrument. Desolation Row Guitars is located at 507 Ball Street in New Smyrna Beach, Florida.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;WUCF-TV is a Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) television station serving the Central Florida television market. The station, operated by the University of Central Florida, is the region's sole PBS member station, reaching an estimated population of 4.6 million people in its aerial viewing area. Arts and culture take center stage in WUCF-TV's weekly local series: "WUCF Artisodes." Each episode airs Thursdays at 8 p.m., featuring a local artist or initiative, as well as stories on the arts from across the country. Developed in partnership with 28 PBS stations nationwide, this series is part of WUCF-TV's mission to give everyone a front-row seat to the arts. This Artisodes Short originally aired as part of "WUCF Artisodes #151: Musical Masterpieces" on November 13, 2014.</text>
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                <text>Original 3-minute and 38-second audio/video recording of Joe Muni, &lt;a href="http://www.wucftv.org/home/" target="_blank"&gt;WUCF-TV&lt;/a&gt;, Orlando, Florida, November 13, 2014: WUCF-TV, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://java.com/en/download/index.jsp" target="_blank"&gt; Java&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://video.wucftv.org/video/2365367520/" target="_blank"&gt;WUCF Artisodes 151: Musical Masterpieces&lt;/a&gt;, WUCF-TV, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/140" target="_blank"&gt;Central Florida Music History Collection&lt;/a&gt;, RICHES of Central Florida.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://video.wucftv.org/video/2365367538/" target="_blank"&gt;WUCF Artisodes Short: Desolation Row Guitars&lt;/a&gt;, WUCF-TV, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES MI&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Bogdanovich, John S. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/63245366" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Classical Guitar Making: A Modern Approach to Traditional Design&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Sterling Pub. Co, 2007</text>
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                <text>"&lt;a href="http://www.wucftv.org/local-programs/artisodes/" target="_blank"&gt;WUCF Artisodes&lt;/a&gt;." WUCFTV.org. http://www.wucftv.org/local-programs/artisodes/ (Accessed April 6, 2015).</text>
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The Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra, located at 812 East Rollins Street Suite 300 in Orlando, was inspired by the closing of the Florida Symphony in 1993. The orchestra performs in more than 125 concerts each season. In June of 2013, the Philharmonic made plans to purchase the Plaza Live, located at 425 North Bumby Avenue in downtown Orlando, for office space, a rehearsal hall, a music library, and a music hall.</text>
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                  <text>Collection of digital images, documents, and other records depicting the history of music in Central Florida. Series descriptions are based on special topics, the majority of which students focused their metadata entries around.&#13;
&#13;
Central Florida’s musical heritage is as rich as it is diverse, dating back to the Spanish settlers of the sixteenth century. Over the next 500 years, the region became a melting pot of Anglo-American folk and country music, African-American blues and jazz, Cuban and Latin music, traditional Native American music, gospel, rock, classical, pop, reggae, punk, metal, hip hop, and dance music. The cultural diversity of the people is reflected in the broad range of the music. Today, Central Florida is a hot spot for homegrown music and a popular stop for internationally touring artists.&#13;
&#13;
Some of the most popular artists of the twentieth century called Florida home, including Ray Charles, Bo Diddley, Jim Morrison, Gram Parsons, Sam Rivers, the Allman Brothers Band, Jimmy Buffett, Zora Neale Hurston, Lynyrd Skynyrd, Vassar Clements, Gloria Estefan, Tom Petty, Johnny Tillotson, Shel Silverstein, Arturo Sandoval, and Mel Tillis. The musical landscape of Florida has played an integral role in defining Floridian culture.&#13;
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                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;RICHES MI&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;span&gt;Housewright, Wiley L. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/48139297" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;&lt;em&gt;An Anthology of Music in Early Florida&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1999.&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;span&gt;Housewright, Wiley L. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/21196990" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;&lt;em&gt;A History of Music &amp;amp; Dance in Florida, 1565-1865&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1991.&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;span&gt;Morris, Alton Chester. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="Morris,%20Alton%20Chester.%20Folksongs%20of%20Florida%20and%20Their%20Cultural%20Background.%201941." target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Folksongs of Florida and Their Cultural Background&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;. 1941.&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                  <text>DeVane, Dwight, et al. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/821216900" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Drop on down in Florida: field recordings of African American traditional music 1977-1980&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. 2012.</text>
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                  <text>McLean, Will. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/39518212" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Florida Sand: Original Folk Songs of Florida&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. Tallahassee: [The Author], 1964.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/144" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Blues Collection&lt;/a&gt;, Central Florida Music History Collection, RICHES.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/145" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Classical Collection&lt;/a&gt;, Central Florida Music History Collection, RICHES.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/69" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra Collection&lt;/a&gt;, Classical Collection, Central Florida Music History Collection, RICHES.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka/collections/show/227" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Jesse Cutler Collection&lt;/a&gt;, Central Florida Music History Collection, RICHES.</text>
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                <text>WUCF Artisodes Short: Benoit Glazer</text>
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                <text>Conductor, multi-instrumentalist, composer, designer, and educator Benoit Glazer, believes art and music belong to everyone. When he isn't conducting Cirque du Soleil's &lt;em&gt;La Nouba&lt;/em&gt;, he runs Timucua, which is an in-home concert series that is free to the public. Cirque du Soleil's &lt;em&gt;La Nouba&lt;/em&gt; is performed at the La Nouba Theater in Downtown Disney, located at 1478 Buena Vista Drive in Orlando, Florida. Timucua is located at 2000 South Summerlin Avenue in Orlando.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;WUCF-TV is a Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) television station serving the Central Florida television market. The station, operated by the University of Central Florida, is the region's sole PBS member station, reaching an estimated population of 4.6 million people in its aerial viewing area. Arts and culture take center stage in WUCF-TV's weekly local series: "WUCF Artisodes." Each episode airs Thursdays at 8 p.m., featuring a local artist or initiative, as well as stories on the arts from across the country. Developed in partnership with 28 PBS stations nationwide, this series is part of WUCF-TV's mission to give everyone a front-row seat to the arts. This Artisodes Short originally aired as part of "WUCF Artisodes #157: Music, Passion &amp;amp; All That Jazz" on January 15, 2015.</text>
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                <text>Original 4-minute and 33-second audio/video recording of Benoit Glazer, &lt;a href="http://www.wucftv.org/home/" target="_blank"&gt;WUCF-TV&lt;/a&gt;, Orlando, Florida, January 15, 2015: WUCF-TV, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://java.com/en/download/index.jsp" target="_blank"&gt; Java&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/140" target="_blank"&gt;Central Florida Music History Collection&lt;/a&gt;, RICHES of Central Florida.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES MI&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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            <description/>
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                <text>Heward, Lyn, and John U. Bacon. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/62593700" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Cirque Du Soleil: The Spark: Igniting the Creative Fire That Lives Within Us All&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Currency Doubleday, 2006</text>
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                <text>"&lt;a href="http://www.wucftv.org/local-programs/artisodes/" target="_blank"&gt;WUCF Artisodes&lt;/a&gt;." WUCFTV.org. http://www.wucftv.org/local-programs/artisodes/ (Accessed April 6, 2015).</text>
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&#13;
Central Florida’s musical heritage is as rich as it is diverse, dating back to the Spanish settlers of the sixteenth century. Over the next 500 years, the region became a melting pot of Anglo-American folk and country music, African-American blues and jazz, Cuban and Latin music, traditional Native American music, gospel, rock, classical, pop, reggae, punk, metal, hip hop, and dance music. The cultural diversity of the people is reflected in the broad range of the music. Today, Central Florida is a hot spot for homegrown music and a popular stop for internationally touring artists.&#13;
&#13;
Some of the most popular artists of the twentieth century called Florida home, including Ray Charles, Bo Diddley, Jim Morrison, Gram Parsons, Sam Rivers, the Allman Brothers Band, Jimmy Buffett, Zora Neale Hurston, Lynyrd Skynyrd, Vassar Clements, Gloria Estefan, Tom Petty, Johnny Tillotson, Shel Silverstein, Arturo Sandoval, and Mel Tillis. The musical landscape of Florida has played an integral role in defining Floridian culture.&#13;
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                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;RICHES MI&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;span&gt;Housewright, Wiley L. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/48139297" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;&lt;em&gt;An Anthology of Music in Early Florida&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1999.&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;span&gt;Housewright, Wiley L. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/21196990" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;&lt;em&gt;A History of Music &amp;amp; Dance in Florida, 1565-1865&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1991.&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;span&gt;Morris, Alton Chester. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="Morris,%20Alton%20Chester.%20Folksongs%20of%20Florida%20and%20Their%20Cultural%20Background.%201941." target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Folksongs of Florida and Their Cultural Background&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;. 1941.&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                  <text>DeVane, Dwight, et al. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/821216900" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Drop on down in Florida: field recordings of African American traditional music 1977-1980&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. 2012.</text>
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                  <text>McLean, Will. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/39518212" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Florida Sand: Original Folk Songs of Florida&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. Tallahassee: [The Author], 1964.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/144" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Blues Collection&lt;/a&gt;, Central Florida Music History Collection, RICHES.</text>
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                <text>Original 3-minute and 9-second audio/video recording of Matt Saunders, &lt;a href="http://www.wucftv.org/home/" target="_blank"&gt;WUCF-TV&lt;/a&gt;, Orlando, Florida, November 11, 2013: WUCF-TV, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://video.wucftv.org/video/2365113345/" target="_blank"&gt;WUCF Artisodes 106: Music is in the Air&lt;/a&gt;, WUCF-TV, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/140" target="_blank"&gt;Central Florida Music History Collection&lt;/a&gt;, RICHES of Central Florida.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://video.wucftv.org/video/2365136609/" target="_blank"&gt;WUCF Artisodes Short: Matt Saunders&lt;/a&gt;, WUCF-TV, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/map/" target="_blank"&gt;RICHES MI&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Mathieson, Kenny. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/46804780" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Celtic Music&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. San Francisco, CA: Bachbeat Books, 2001</text>
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                <text>Kirn, Peter. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/751753739" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;The Evolution of Electronic Dance Music&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. Milwaukie, Wis: Bachbeat Books, 2011</text>
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                <text>"&lt;a href="http://www.wucftv.org/local-programs/artisodes/" target="_blank"&gt;WUCF Artisodes&lt;/a&gt;." WUCFTV.org. http://www.wucftv.org/local-programs/artisodes/ (Accessed April 6, 2015).</text>
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Although the term “classical music” did not appear until the early 19th century, it has been used describe art music rooted in the liturgical and secular traditions of Western music that date back to the 11th century. Classical music began with the Gregorian chants of the Medieval Era (500-1400), which developed into organum and the beginnings of harmony. During the Renaissance Era (1400-1600), composers were largely devoted to choral writing and a polyphonic style. The Common Practice Period (1600-1910), which uses conventionalized sequences of chords and obeys specific contrapuntal norms, includes the Baroque Era (1600-1760), which witnessed the creation of tonality, changes in musical notation, and new ways to play instruments; the Classical Era (1730-1820), when variety and contrast became more pronounced within a piece due to its lighter texture and clarified structure; and the Romantic Era (1780-1910), in which a backlash against the social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment and the Industrial Revolution led to music that was more nationalistic, as well as discontent with musical formulas and conventions.&#13;
&#13;
The Common Practice Period led to the Modern and Contemporary Period (1890-present). This period includes the Modern and High Modern Era (1890-1975), in which musical language evolved with new approaches to harmonic, melodic, sonic, and rhythmic aspects of music. During the High Modern Era, neo-classical and serial music emerged. The Contemporary or Postmodern Era (1975-present), includes modernist, postmodern, neoromantic, and pluralist music. Postmodernism is not a distinct musical style, but a reference to music of the Postmodern Era, which challenges boundaries, embraces contradictions, and encompasses pluralism and eclecticism.&#13;
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Central Florida has enjoyed classical music from its resident professional symphonic orchestra, the Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra, since it began 1993. The orchestra presents several different types of programming, including the Super Series, which includes five classical concerts featuring guest artists, chamber music concerts as part of its Focus Series, and outdoor pop concerts that are free to the public. The Orlando Philharmonic kept opera alive in Central Florida when the Orlando Opera closed in 2009, performing several times a year. The Orlando-based Florida Symphony Youth Orchestra has been one of the nation’s prominent youth orchestra since it opened in 1957. The FSYO placed 2nd in the 28th International Youth and Music Festival in Vienna in 1999.</text>
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                  <text>Fawkes, Richard, and Robert Powell. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/811246350" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;The History of Classical Music&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. Hong Kong: Naxos Audiobooks, 1997. http://www.naxosmusiclibrary.com.</text>
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                  <text>Goulding, Phil G. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/26159166" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Classical Music: The 50 Greatest Composers and Their 1,000 Greatest Works&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Fawcett Columbine, 1992.</text>
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                <text>The Bach Festival Society, the third oldest continuously-operating Bach Festival in the United States, was founded in 1935 to commemorate the 250th anniversary of the birth of Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750). In addition to the annual Bach Festival, the society includes Choral Masterworks, Visiting Artists performances, and educational and community outreach programs. The current Artistic Director and Conductor, Dr. John Sinclair, discusses a performance of Sir Michael Tippett's (1905-1998) "A Child of Our Time," in remembrance of the 75th anniversary of Kristallnacht.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;WUCF-TV is a Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) television station serving the Central Florida television market. The station, operated by the University of Central Florida, is the region's sole PBS member station, reaching an estimated population of 4.6 million people in its aerial viewing area. Arts and culture take center stage in WUCF-TV's weekly local series: "WUCF Artisodes." Each episode airs Thursdays at 8 p.m., featuring a local artist or initiative, as well as stories on the arts from across the country. Developed in partnership with 28 PBS stations nationwide, this series is part of WUCF-TV's mission to give everyone a front-row seat to the arts. This Artisodes Short originally aired as part of "WUCF Artisodes #109: Get the Message" on November 28, 2013.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://video.wucftv.org/video/2365128976/" target="_blank"&gt;WUCF Artisodes 109: Get the Message&lt;/a&gt;,WUCF-TV, Orlando, Florida.</text>
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                <text>Bach Festival Society of Winter Park. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/34614819" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Bach Festival Society of Winter Park: Founded in 1935 : 60th Anniversary, 1995&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. [Winter Park, Fla.]: [The Society], 1995.</text>
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                <text>"&lt;a href="http://www.bachfestivalflorida.org/about/history" target="_blank"&gt;History of the Bach Festival Society&lt;/a&gt;." BachFestivalFlorida.org. http://www.bachfestivalflorida.org/about/history (Accessed April 6, 2015).</text>
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&#13;
Rock music is uniquely American, emerging in the late 1940s and 1950s, with the influence of African-American blues, jazz, boogie woogie, and gospel, mixed with predominantly white country and Western swing music. This hybrid genre helped define a generation, breaking down color barriers in the South by merging African musical traditions with European instrumentation. The popularization of rock music coincided with the African-American Civil Rights Movement, which sought to end racial segregation and discrimination in the South. The sudden interest of white teens in black “race music” provoked a backlash among traditionalists and Americans found themselves in the middle of a “culture war.” The counterculture youth of the 1950s and 1960s rejected many of the mainstream cultural standards of their parents’ generation, especially in regards to race. &#13;
&#13;
During the First and Second Great Migration of the 20th century, African Americans and whites began living in closer proximity to one another, more so than ever before, resulting in both races emulating the other’s style in fashion, art, and music. Rock music influenced the language, attitudes, ideas, and trends of a generation. The genre continued to evolve, incorporating new elements with each subsequent decade. During the 1960s, the subgenres of folk rock, jazz rock, country rock, blues rock, psychedelic rock, glam rock, and progressive rock emerged. Musicians in the 1970s and 1980s created punk rock, Southern rock, heavy metal, new wave, and alternative rock. By the 1990s, artist continued to expand the genre by creating rap rock, reggae rock, grunge, and indie rock.&#13;
&#13;
Florida has been at the heart of rock music and the “culture war” since the 1950s. The recording industry was actively making rock records in Tampa during the 1960s and in Miami during the 1970s. Gram Parsons, a native of Winter Haven, is credited as the father of the country rock movement of the late 1960s, and Southern rock emerged from Jacksonville during the 1970s and 1980s, with bands such as the Allman Brothers Band, Lynyrd Skynyrd, the Outlaws, and Molly Hatchet. These contributions played an integral part in the history of rock music.&#13;
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                  <text>Altschuler, Glenn C. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/51518334" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;All Shook Up: How Rock 'n' Roll Changed America&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.</text>
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                <text>Walser, Robert. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/48138450" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Running with the Devil Power, Gender, and Madness in Heavy Metal Music&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. Hanover, NH: University Press of New England, 1993. .</text>
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&#13;
The roots of jazz music began in the fields of the American South, as African-American slaves sang “call-and-response” work songs and “spirituals” to help them get through the brutal hours of forced labor. As Europeans immigrated to American cities in the late 19th century, they brought their musical traditions with them, and soon African-American musicians, such as Ernest Hogan and Scott Joplin, combined these styles with polyrhythmic African music, creating ragtime. New Orleans was an especially diverse cultural melting pot and became a place for musical experimentation by the early 1910s. European music merged with blues, folk, marching band music, and ragtime, creating a new genre called “jazz.”&#13;
&#13;
By the 1920s, the First Great Migration brought millions of African Americans to the urban Northeast and Midwest. Young, white Americans became enamored with jazz and blues music and the genre was soon being played on radio stations, at dancehalls, and in homes across the country. New York City, Kansas City, and Chicago began to establish their own styles of jazz. Big band swing became the most popular style of American music in the 1930s and 1940s.&#13;
&#13;
The most definitive feature of jazz is improvisation. The Great Depression forced many bands to cut down in size, leaving more space for intricate melodies and room for exploration. Bebop, which emerged in New York in the early 1940s, was aimed at a listening audience, rather than a dancing one, and became known as “musician’s music.” Bebop paved the way for Afro-Cuban and Latin jazz in the 1950s, when musicians, such as Dizzy Gillespie and Duke Ellington, incorporated Latin rhythms by playing with Cuban musicians in New York. The popularity of rock music in the 1960s and 1970s led to jazz-rock fusion, which combined improvisation with rock rhythms and amplified instruments. By the 1980s, smooth jazz emerged, creating a commercial form of the genre that drew criticism from many purists, who felt that the musicians were more concerned with making money than creating art with substance.&#13;
&#13;
Although Florida might not be as closely associated with jazz as cities like New Orleans, Chicago, and New York City, it has made significant contributions nonetheless. Afro-Cuban jazz developed simultaneously in New York City and Havana in the early 1940s, and Florida’s Cuban immigrants had a profound cultural impact on areas like Miami and Tampa. Since its foundation in 1979, the annual Jacksonville Jazz Festival has become one of the most popular jazz festivals in the country, featuring some of the top names in the genre, such as Dizzy Gillespie, Miles Davis, Count Basie, George Benson, and Herbie Hancock. The Clearwater Jazz Holiday began around the same time and has also evolved into a major international jazz festival. In addition to the legendary Sam Rivers, who moved to Orlando in the early 1990s and continued to perform until his death in 2011, Florida has been the home to a number of prominent jazz musicians, including Cedric Wallace, Ira Sullivan, George Tucker, Nathen Page, Alfred “Pee Wee” Ellis, Jackie Davis, Rich Matteson, Jeff Rupert, and the University of Central Florida’s Jazz Professors.&#13;
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                  <text>Alkyer, Frank. &lt;a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/319491298" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em&gt; DownBeat--the Great Jazz Interviews: A 75th Anniversary Anthology&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. New York: Hal Leonard, 2009.</text>
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